I 0E1NLAND ES AND THlE ADJOINING COUNTRIES, -R PART OF THE REIGN OF EDWARD II. TO THE CORONATION OF HENRY IV, BY SIR JOHN FROISSART. TRANSLATED FROM THE FRENCH, WITH V A R IATIONS AND ADDITIONS, FROM MANY CELEBRATE D MS,. BY THOMAS JOHNES, ESQ. TO WHICH ARE PREFIXED LIFE OF THE AUTHOR, AN ESSAY ON HIS WORKS, AND A CRITICISM ON HIS HISTORYS, WITH AN ORIGINAL TNTROIDU'CTORY ESSAY ON TtIE CHARACTER AND SOCIETY OF THE MIDDLE AGES, BY REV. JOHN LORD. NEW~V-YORK: LEAVTITT & ALLEN, 27 DEY STREET. AN ORIGINAL INTRODUCTORY ESSAY ON TIHE CHARACTER AND SOCIETY OF THE MIDDLE AGES BY REV. JOHN LORD. Did you ever r. roissart." said Claverhouse. Who does not dwell with delight on the gorgeous description of the "No!" was t:.s answer. " I have hal; L " returned Claverhouse, " to contrive you shotld hiave six me t tournament, where the place insed for combat "is surrouned ima. risonment, t to procure you that pleasure. His chapters inspire onewith more with sovereigns and bishops and barons, and all that rank and beauty enthusiasm t! en poetry ilsell t Andt the othe letCaon, with w'Si true chivalrous had ennobled among the fair; when the combatants, covered with feeling lie cot is tautiP",pressiots of sorrotw fvr the death k, the gallant and shining armor, and only known by a device or ernblazoned shiield, high-bred kn " r,)ity to see the tall, su oi was Ihis loyrity to his king, issued forth, not without daatort, to win the prize of valot, bestowed pure fhith toi TIlE LA il'l' toward his enernmy. and fielity to his lady love?" OLD MORT-'LITv. by the queen of beauty, amid the animatilng music of minstrels, and the shouts of' the assembled multitude?" 1)0E an..~....... The Chronicles of Froissart are not only a faithful mirror of his ~ONE~ ~.L.~.. be expected in an essay like this, is a aoej. which is all we want in chronicles, but the age itself' is one of panegyric of those Chronicles which have stood the test of near!y e s I the nost interesting in the history of Europe. It was ait el)oc~'. five centuries, and, fIrom tht titme they first appeared, have been tie t iteresting in te Itoty f uope. It as c. I ~~~~~~~~~Society wag passing through a new transfiormationl. It wsth',. admiration of genius in every country of' lurope. Who can add to Sciety was passi o a new transfratio. It wa the spring-tirne of European society, when the. principles, whc ow the praises of St. Palaye, of Montraigne, of Gray, and sir Walter I Sp -tine of Eupen society, whn the p pl i agitate it, were then in the process of development, and when the Scott Froissart —" the lierodotus of a barbarous age, with his simreScot!Frossat-"the1-erootts o' abararus gewit hi sil-institutions, which now are our pride and glory, were springing lip pie curiosity and religious credulity," has been the delight, for ages, sttutons, which now are our pride and l wee ritg up ~o~~f ~ all who love to read amid chills and storms. A brilliant 1otsing had dawnedl pots o~ all who love to read Europe, and the noxiousvapors of a lonig night of' one thousand years "Of bold men's Ibloody combatings atid gentle fitdies' tears." were vanishing away befre te riin n of oden cvili. were vanishting away before the risinig sun of modern civilization He Ihas presented a living picture of Europe in its boisterous In the fourteenth century, commenced the strif of new priscipes, spring-time, with all its tumultuous pleasures, its chivalric glories, the clash of new interests, and the rise of niew powers. We behold and its magnificent superstitions. He has given us a type both of a period of' experiments, of combinatiorns, and of reform. We see the splendor and the decline of the heroic world. He has transmitted the conflict of factions, aind orders, and i terests, and new and o,-nd to posterity brilliant examples of daunttless heroism, and perfect developments of character aind passion. We conttcrnplate tlh i,,models of reproachless chivalry. With the sympathy and spirit of flict of faith with reason, of aristocracy with democracy, of muis;irchy an eye-witness, and with the frankness of an old priest, anxious to with republicanism, and of papacy with dissernt. in the whirlI of entertain his noble patron with as good a story as was consistent contending principles and interests, we see the bursting forth,fU' new witt truth, he has detailed the most cventful exploits of our ances- and unknown energies. Commerce, mnu' actn'es, aad tgricuth.ute tore, in one of the most interesting periods of English history, and received a new impulse, The fine arts atuti tid the p'elfctieen ot tho one of the most exciting epochs in thile progress of civilization. He antique models. Poetry becamne again inspired, and scieitce stulht has described, with a most charming simplicity, even with dramatic for elementary principles. There was no mronumemlt (f ancient power, all that can excite curiosity in the usages of feudal warfare, genius which was not rivalled. There was no subject wfhich philosin the lives and fortunes of nobles, in the squabbles of priests, and in ophy did not investigate. There was no climate which adventurous the amusements of that class with whom he associated. It is true, curiosity did not explore. There was an unprecedented brilliancy that his Chronicles chiefly pertain to battles and sieges, to marches of intellectual effort, and an unknown energy of moral porpose. and warriors, to tournaments and tilts, to loves and wassailings; but Everywhere there was a vast expenditure of physical, inte:lilctual his age was warlike, and none for whom he wrote had an ear for and moral energies. To this era we trace the admission of cotinlrns anytlting but the martial and the romantic. He describes the spirit into legislatures, the disfiranchisement of slaves, and tlhe fi'eedom of of his age, with fidelity and minuteness, without stopping to make cities. This was the period of popular insurrecti.tns, and of gencrai philosophical generalizations, and ingenious theories on the progress fermentation. In this period Roman Jurislprudlence was revived, of civilization. He did not pretend to be an historian in the modern universities were established, the modern lanoguages created, tire sense, and he did not profe'ss to reason concerning the interests of Bible was translated, printing, gunpowder and the mariner's com. society with the spirit of a philosoplher, He was a chronicler-a pass were invented, and religious amnd civil liberty dawned. story-teller-a delineator of' men and manners as he saw them-as Sinae the introduction of' Christianity, there have been, strictly he knew them. And it is his candor, his talent of observation, and speaking, but two great epochs in Europeani society. The one was his liveliness in detail, which give value to the book on which he that just referred to, the other that which succeeded the dissolution spent his life. "It is history," says Montaigne, " naked and un- of the Roman Empire. When the vices of self-interest had eaten adorned; every one may profit firom it according to the depths of his out the vitals of the state; when there was left no losnger a niaterial understanding." on which either Christianity or literature could werk, and beths were Nor are the subjects which he narrates with so much spirit, with- equally corrupted; when luxury, egotism, sensumaity aind unreascona. out interest. " The age of chivalry indeed is gone." We have ble pride characterized the privileged classes; while I.overty, meanpiled away its helmets htand its spears: and its blazonry is invested nness and excessive degradations were the misfortuncs of' tie mil. with a more poetic charm. Still we love the past —we love the ions; when all the wealth of' the eripire was concentrated amongg heroic in man's history. We hiate to divest it even of its fictionus. a few enervated aristocrats, and thtere was tno longer a emntral Sir Walter Sctt prved ho deep tle sympathy exists for the chiv power to preserve order crtaty or law int the provinces, or evenr to keep nrie glories. The independent spirit of chivalry, bent on the accom- the enperors o their tor onre; we hen, in shart, there was a dissolu. phishmett of lofty ends, without calculation of chansces, o fear of tion of all the bonds of society, then God ssest violence on the ear:th. failure so generous in action, so mtunificent in courtesy, so frank in The barbarians advanced frons their forests, to conquer, to deso. friendship, and so gallant in danger, ever mnust have rare attraction late, and to reconstruict. In the fifth and sixth cesnturies wf s that tor the enthutsiastic and tise aspiring. There is something peculiarly mixture of' races and languages and iinstitutions, whten all the dlightftl and exciting ic those stories which represent the hero of elements of the Ronan antd Barbahric world were ninglted togethem the middle ages, loyal and rave, superhiy motunted, cased in glitter- that forms the first great epoch of Eutropean society. And this era ing steel, surrounded by his men-at-arms, antd issuing forth from his was disastrous in the extreme. Society wasri depressed to a greater lcrdiy castle, ins quest onf niventures, or on an errand of love. Who degree than at any other thimoe in the history of Europe. There was lrs.es not love to read of thse fair. and haughty dames encouraging o incessant anarchy. Thse strong preyed upon the weak, and the law their chamspions at the tilt, and rewarding their valor with sacred of brute force wvas terribly triumphanit. Christianity was only "a bannersi and embroidered scarfs, worked with their own hands? dim taper which had need of' sInuffing.f " Moral power was weak IT ORIGINAL INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. Treachery, rapine, Ilst and murder were thile characteristic vices of serene in his sorrows. It enabled his master to brave all physica! the times. Europe seemed destined to worse evils than those which evils, and enjoy a sort of spiritual romance. It bound the peasant eso disgraced the Roman world. But these evils passed away. Crea- his master, and his mlaster to his king. It was the principle needed tion succeeded destruction. From the disordered elements of human to counteract the miseries of an infant state of civilization. strife, and the restless heavings of human passion, there was heard, So of the other institution which exercised so powerful an influ. at last, a "melodious birth.sing," and in praise of Him who overrules ence in the middle ages: it is to be respected amid all its evills, disastrous changes for tie ultimate good of man. No Protestant can love that system of ecclesiastical encroachment But the great evils anrid conimmotions incident to such a revolution and fraud which the papacy encouraged, and no one would wish to did not pass away until Charlemagne, after a long reign offiftyyears, see it restored; nor should its corruptions be excused, or denied. had fulfilled his mission; until he had stopped Barbarian invasion, Still, the papacy fulfilled a noble mission in a turbulent and ignorant had centralized power, and had given to ecclesiastics authority, as a age. It was a paternal authority, congenial to the minds and cir counterpoise to the power of nobles. cumstances of the Gothic races. They beheld, in the pope, their From his death, mnay be dated what historians have been pleased spiritual father, the vicegerent of the Invisible King, who held in t. call the " di'iar ages," the period of repose between two exciting his hands the keys of heaven and hell. When no earthly influ. e)ochs. Society settled down utinder the control of two great princi- ence could restrain the lawless passions of the violent nobility, they pies, the aristoercitic and the autocratic, the government of nobles, were curbed by the power of a ghostly superstition. They could a.id of priests. Then feudalism and the papacy were ripened into not see their children refused the rights of baptism: they could niot universal coeircive systems. behold their relatives refused admission into heaven: they could not Under the opcratit l of these systems, society seemed both slug- stand before the terrors of that awful anathe',a which consigned gish and torpid. DuLring the 500 years in which they flourished, them to the wrath of God. Priestly power is bad enough, especially there is but little to interest the superficial or unreflecting mind. when abused; but it is better than none. I question whether any There were no great pulitical events, no great military enterprises, other power than that which the Christian clergy exercised in the except the Crusades, no brilliant discoveries, no great attainments, middle ages, though based on supersitious fear, could have restrained no striking advances in civilization. Society seemed to move round the outbreak of fiery and destructive passions in the breasts of in a continual circle, as incapable of progression as it was of rest. the impetuous barons. Moreover, the papacy was a great ceitral Barons and priests shared between them the government and thile power, needed to control the princes of Euiope, and settle the diffiwealth of Europe. culties which arose between them. The popes, whatever may have Neither of the systems, which form the chief object of our interest been their personal character, were conservators of peace. They in the history of Christendom for 500 years, are to be praised or preserved unity amid anarchy, and restrained the impulses of pusadmired, except so far as they were adapted to the times. In view sionate kings. Again, the papacy, in its best ages, is thought by of the times, hoiwever, tihey both answered useful ends, and are never many profound historians to have been democratic in its sympathies. to be spoken of with unisitigated contempt or censure. *- It guarded the interests of the people: it preserved them from the iThe feudal system prevewited the people from roving robbers, and violence of their oppressors: it furnished a retreat, in monasteries, friom the aggressions of powerful chieftains, except those who were for the contemplative, the suffering, the afflicted, and the poor. The licensed to oppress themii. Oppression ever has been the fate of the monks and nuns were taught by their quiet and industrious life, that poor man. It was less, however, under baronial rule thian before There exists feudalisim was established. The serf was indeed compelled to labor An higher thai the warrior's excelltence like a slave. lie was crushed beneath tie iron weiJght of a martial That vast andi sudditen deeds of violence, aristocracy. His tears were often unheeded, and his sorrows re- Adventures wild, and wonders of the moment ceived nio sympathy. Feurdialism begat in the breast of the haughty Tiese are met they whitch generate Thle calml~ and blissfiLd an~d endu'~rin.g. mig~hty." and isolated baril, the pride of birth, and the feeling of personal con- Te l an blissfl and e in igh." sequence. It developed all the selfishness of an uncultivated nature, Front their" beehives of industry," probably disgraced by the vices and prevented the appreciation of the miseries of dependents; and it ofconcubinage and the follies of asceticismn, they only issued to relieve destroyed elevation of sentiment among the people themselves, led the helpless, to succor the distressed, to teach thile ignorant, an.,d to ad. to mean servility, to poverty and dependence; and, for these rea- minister celestial consolation. eons, the system was detestable, and the remembrance of it painful It is in this view that the civil and religioqs structure of society in to the peasantry of Europe. But it had a bright side, if we consinier the dark ages should be,iewed —as full of defects, if it were applied the times int which it flouri:hed, and that state of titter disorganiza- to miodern life, when thile blessings it formerly bestowed now proceed tion and wretchedness, firom which it rescued society in the seventh fromrn other sources: but, after all, as admirably adapted to the timses, century. It developed the character of woman, and led to the and as indicating that superintending power which only gradually appreciration of her virtues.'iThe Germanic nations had ever held renovates the condition of society. And, so long as this structure woniC-in in veneration. In their nincient forests they looked upon was adapted to the times, it is both uncharitable anid unphilosophicail her as a supeiriorr being. But this natu'ral veneration, which neither to condeirnn it, certainly with wholesale abuise. Greek nor Risnati shared, even in the most brilliant periods of an- It is also in view of the evils attending the new structure which ciemit civilization, even when Christianity had developed-.the heroism the barbarians, unenlightened by science, and uninstructed by the o( tile feimale martyr, was ripened into idolatry under the influence experience of past generations, erected upon the bleeding surface of of feidalism. Woiian, shut up in a castle with her lord, made her the earth, so long disgraced with every crime, and marked by every influ-nce felt. The baron perceived her virtues, and honored them. calamity, that so many have denounced the middle ages as a period He miade her his equal companion. He made'her the object of his orfsuch unmitigated darkness and gloom. The times were dark and devG~ion. In the feudal castle of the dark ages, woman's worth was gloomy enoutgh, every onit kmnows. No one, in this age, but a vision. first perceived, and firt acknowledged; and the appreciaticn of this ary rhapsodist of the olden time, would deniy the despitismn of an worth led to etithusiasim. Chivalry received its attractive form. iron age, and the countless miseries of a second infancy of society The love of God anid thle ladies, was enjoined as a simple duty, Who would cover up the cruelties of tihe feudal system, or excuse and hie who was fiithiful to his nmistress, was sure of salvation in the the impostures of papal Rome? But in a fortnative state of society theology of castles, if not of cloisters." Women were present in we expect disasters. The objects of i nature, imoral as well as phiys tournamensts, and in feasts, and in all amusements. A lady did not eical, are ever slow in arriving at maturity. Barbarians could not be Jisdain to have a falcon on her wrist, and a grayhound following civilized in a day, especially under the guidance of a corrupted her. For her, the wandering minstrel sang the strains of heroism Christianity. It is somnethiing if we discern in thiem the elements of and love. Under her protection, sentimental poetry was cultivated, a noble people. Time and the Gospel would develop their wasted Nst only were knigits proud to utter her praises in the songs of energies. They were inexperienced, and could not be expected to Provence, but grave scholars forgot their studies in the composition erect upon the ruins of the old world a faultless structure. They of lyrics, whose pensiveness and devotion would have surprised and were not to be absolved from thl-e penalty of violating nstural laws. amused tihe muniatory poets of antiquity. " You composed," said They were ignorant, antd hence could not but be exposed to the arts Eloise to Abelard, who had learned on the banks of the Seine the of designing priests. They were rude, and hence must endure amorous dialect of Thoulouse, "many verses, so. sweet both in their poverty. They were obliged to develop fironom themselves the sleeping language and melody, that your name was incessantly in the mouths germs of a new civilization. They were doomed to maniy sufferings, of all." and disgraced by many crimes in the days of their pilgrimsage; but Feudalism not only led to the appreciation of woman's worth, andi they were guided by the lighlt of faith, and the impulses of generous ripened respect for her into devotion and gallantry, but it devel. youth. When, at last, they reached thle promised land of liberty and oped, in the minds of the people, the sentiment of loyalty, attach- light, they found many treasures which had cscaped the wreck of the mient to country, attachment to fiiends, attachment to truth. Tlsis old classic world. And, then, of these vell-preserved, but long-des. ~oyalty, applied to everything, was an antidote in the midstof pris. hpised ruins, they erected a far nobler temple than pagan antiquity ns; in the minds of serfs; in the minds of barons. Treachery and had seen, which, dedicated to the God of Love, still renmains a proud aypocrniy became detestable. Courtesy, magnanimity, courage, hos- monument of their native genius, and a glorious emblem of their pitahity, became the virtues of the age. Great deeds were done in Christian faith. obedience to this principle, by the firaternity of kmnights. The baron Christianity, in that darlr age, while it shed a darkened light, whivle roisook his castle, and the peasant his hut, to maintain the honor of it introduced into Europe "the gloomy umonk," "the military prophet," a family, or to preserve the sacredness of a vow. It was this senti. "the priestly despot," "the superstitious devotee," stiil preserved the ment of loyalty, which made the poor serf patient in his toils, and boautiful flowers of humanity to more fortunate times. In the moral ORIGINAL INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. uower of learning and sanuctity we are tempted to exclaim, with had precipitated itself into Asia, and had geained Inothig l)ut aI few Diby, these surely " wcrc at'es of hig'hest grace to Imanr." cities which were afterwards lost. Nor can these iniatial expcditirimfs Again, the Germanic nations, with tle profoundest respect for reli- be justified on any principles, either of Christianity or enliibtnred reagious insttuutons, and fior the minis:tcrs of even a corrupted Chris- son. Their principle was a savage faenaticishi and a- deadly hate of tianity, had also otier nuost iutorestino qualities which should never Mohammedanism, because chiefly it did tot ellcourcge, and iperhtps be overlooked, even it their barb:'rimn and superstition. They had persecuted the pilgrims. Yet tile power by which they were susa lofty sense of' personal indepeidetice. They cherished the virtues tained, was grand, because it was spiritual. None but the Itaian of disiterestcdness and fidelity.'They loved social pleasures, the merchants ever dreamed of gain tl(hose adventurers soucht at tihe exercise of' generoius courtesies, and the exhibition of manly anrd holy sepulchre, no religious consolations, but only the treasures conheroic eichries. They never desponded in adversity. They grew nected with it. But the gallant, brave, old knights, though colilected stronger aiter deeat ard disaster.'I'hey were ever greater than from every country of Europe, were bound togetiher by a spiritual their circinmstaiicesr. There was an untdyiug energy in their souls. idea. It was to rescue the sepulclhre ftorm pollution; it was to get a Nor were they entirely deficient in intellectual force, as some histo- sight of the holy places concnected with the suftferings of the Saviour, rians, wiho did tot sympaithize wxito tneir physical and ittellectual not to get treasures and kingdoms, which sustanined, for two ccntu. toils, would lead us to suppose. True, they made no valuable addi- ries, the nrost'disastrous wars recorded in history. The enthusinastic tians to pllysical scionecu. Utility was ats tuhemt tihe perfection and chivalrous heroes of the middle ages were aniated by loftier of wisdoin. But (lid not the earlier schoolinen speculate on the desires than avarice or aImbition, or even glory can excite. They highest truths of' pllosoplay, and teach the theft elevated lessons of showed that material interests can never be so strong as spiritual moral wistdoin, wlhile itie Ni;)rTntan and Proveuncal poets excited, by cravings, even though they may be fasnatical. their romantic and alicorical sonigs, tihe enthusiasm of a passionate This is not the place to paint the history of the Crusaies. But was people? It wasl in thta "du,'ar ages," that tweinty-five thousand stu- there no good to result fitom thetn? Werte such eithut;as aec utd he. dents flocked to Oxfordt, and thirty thousaand to Paris, to leant theol- roism to be wasted, without accomplish sbitg aytvts d,? Wt' as the ogy, and J rrp rxldence, a-ind mednicii. It wtis in these slandered ages flower of European chivalry, led on by suchc priraces:s (oldfaey and that ce perceive toe livii:, preciou s gert of thought," the most Hugh thie griat, and Raymo nd, and the vtliant IBoh:tnond, and the wondertful intelleetaal activivty si:ce the age of Pericle's. Tie eighit- heroic Tied; atetd, ad alnterwards, by Ricl;nlrd CeCur. dc Lion, atnd een foloc volwtnes of lli;'-iss Atquinas were filleti with much else Phlilip of France. and Frederic of Genrany, taie g:reat Bitrbiarossabesides i mere btioa ro!- iVrunl — ins. "The schololnien," says Sehle- w ere all the vast forces which tite treat inraretis of Europe coingel, "di played lot only the most subtle reasonings of the hurman mianded in person, and inspiredl with ll tlh,; enthbsias'i.a which rclimind, but tthe mostrefl ted tenderness of the enaor;i eil heart." Even gion and chivalry anrid patr/otism could excite —w icre these to be Guizut sdmits "1that they hed tricts as btli:int as they were varied, buried with tihe bi'oken coluhmns of Asia Mi~ior for nothing 7 No. devoid of affnctatimn and fto f from pedantiry." A-id they were elc- trovidenc e is prodigal of cOiuage, of virtus, of s;crifices, of men, vrated ia their soitlitar toi bybytin; cont.rat pl[atiotn of bittodles s trulh. in order to scue importailn t untimate t ood.'rond t ihe gratves of the Life, to them, wo ts i.tt in patiacos an. ggardens, it velvets atd wines, Crusades tteire artise a spirt which gave thie ist gr.cat impulse to it hais tj aciiat ht,r s. Tihlii ey matale wisadon tin oeisit in tie tri- civilization. IThey gave the first sinockr to the pi.iltical ittmptortan ce iinpip of thile spiitittl ovaer the;ainitial, aid prized life for its siuiple of the feudal aristocracy. The estates of the obnles were wasted in pleasures, and iievoilt conternp t:tiop. T1hey c ity not have attainedi tihese wars, but the gaincrs ere, fire;-t, the mo:acc ith lho gatheired these exalted ends, bat tan-ir ret.pe.. fpr the s hpitiittitl in tan was pr- around their tirones despoti c power; i d, sti ondily, tithe penple hvito found. Ia the chaons of a turbnictnt ige, their iittds acquired force I secured tllei ft itia iid their shtps. TIahe cities ieicreased ili popun atd fire: thcy shioa-ne an tmor.:ing stars in the intellectual and mortil'lation, in conseqiuence i~f the iumpuc:le which arts and maltinf'ictures firmniaa-at of Enu-rnpe. aind comunerce received, acd tltten tlte people in the cities aspired to But, after all, the aildnie ages-can never be adduced to show a ptilitical independence. By clibliing together, they dliscovered they high state of huirnnity. It was ati period in the aicha grl.eat d energies conuld cope siccessfull e oy ithi an fula force whichs could be arrayed were preparing. It was a state favorahle to granid developments, against them. They flrmaed political comibinations as a counterand to the birth of new ideas..It was not a period of revolution or i poise to thie power ofi the barons. Europe passed firom feuidal vassal excitement, but of repose. Everythinmg was settled. There was no age to tihe doinimaen of centralhized power, whether collected aroutnd breakng the iron fetters wahich feudalism had forged. There was tthe thrones of princes, or emanating firota reptblics and free cities no resisting the spiritual despotism which the clrgy exercised. Thie The Crusades enouraged comamercial enterprise. Ihue warriors thraldon of opinions was too strong to be assailed. Tahose vwhol needed ships amnd the Ita lian m ermhaints leist t hem and sold thnem. were impatienit and iniauiring were persecuted. The churech as Every returti ngt vessel fioti Asia brought the luxurie a of the East. opposed to reformation of any sort, anid was particularly hostile to The silts and spices of India waere thrus exchanged, at the great Eufree inquiry. I ropean markets, t'or iron and flax and gool and sbinis. But the age is instructing to contemplate, as a preparation for a'Thus an active intercourse was soon established betaween the great and new order of things, and for the gradual development of north and south of Europe. Iantercourse brought wealthi. It brought Cihristian ideas. It is only these ideas which cai give grandeur to Imore than wealth, liberality of mind, intelignce, refinement of manany history. Since these ideas are seen in all the struggles of our ners, courteous habits, generosity and faiths. It is this lieralhity aiid fathers in their long pilgrimage, let us be impressed a w-ith the morals enlargement of mind, which is the greatest moral efibct of the Cruiwhicl they teachis. It may be sad to see so mauch human suffering, sades, although, cte in maty eases, it as indirectb It s s the insulaso mainy maisdirected ener gies, such incessant bhmaders and follies. tion of nations in the middle ages, which was a geat cause of barBut then we are cheered with the viewa of the suffering poor barismn. But, by the Crusades, nations becamae iuterumingled, mand man, gradually brealdnrig his fetters, becoming civilized by art, en- learned each other's customs and laws. Not only were the mitads of aiched b- intdustry, and powerful by association. We see him at ithe Crusaders divested of mn y prejuidices againtst each other, but length learming his duties from heB Bible, and hsis politics from talso against the Saracens. Sala tin was discovered to be as teturtdvancing civilization. His min e sd axas scn to receive light fron teaus and brave as Richard. The habits of tlue Musselumme n were leaveirn, and his soul to catch fire from the new impulses in actioni founmd to be imorne courteous and geaneros t and refied, than seven those around h1fn. of their invaders; and the Eastern wvarriors no lohtger tppelared as Itis this awaaening mercy in the prospects of the poor man, which imonsters, btt as elegant striang ers, waith a love of science and sog, constitutes the second grand epoch in Eusopean history. This is a taste for anrch iteture, mnd an appreciatio n cfi the beautiftl. Tlie the epoch in which Fhoissart lived, and wh ich he described, withr so luxu'y of i their tunts, the richness of their dlresses, the polish of tIeir niucih beautcy and so much fascination. As the highborni olid cano ist maatnners, the vivncity of their it, anTd the ntunifitcene of thseir coui. did not amuch cncern him asel f with such vugaer affairrs as comamserce, try struck the rude barbar ins, a t least, waitt surpise. Th ecy could anrd the revival of the spirit of liberty, and the progress of manufac- not detest ther as cordially as b.efore. 1hy saw mucihi to adntirae. cures, or een the studies of old meditative monks; and as all these isAnd themi they ceased to cxterminate theini. Thie Ciusades s cnomtid thintgs are worthis y of our attentio n in the history of the times, and not be sustained so soos as the uirpe an it a liried iibericty of aminud. inteette d accordin to oderna historians, the minost wo rthy, becaruse they Fanaticism had nlto lere ent toi f r on, ciad tied. t, he; the Crusa. mire haeno on mm rcm t smiritualp ide as, I pr oceed to ofir a few remark s - d ers returned, the -timri-it of-:i: —tles seem.d l amall -ahi ir. TIh ey tnu tte spihit,f activity, whicah iv various ways, wan developed in tihe longed for gra t chnoi a tcsthe r ti —he c tult not smubdluie te Mh ohfia:n thirteentihi and fourte.ntcha centuries. A glance at the mean poitsa of initredans, they resowach- to wiubIt e n'-It ott c:. HIence those w a-ri-s hue. intd-e t, im mhius excititg eria, spei cially afte-r atusaio n oa hao riigarhi t stecis ten -nht'l atnrd d Frnaice nbich t F-amraiset chronicled. and sheerpy timtas which preiceded it, rnay prepatre the reader fo t tleaI e~htn nroius attic ntind, than icdc Crai,:i.s h-y endes, ic but mimh. grenter e-v joymesit if te iunitble Chrotaicher, ax laa wa tias al ie in itab xei itilt rititnsd Ca t -art Te reas nsat c, ist ortuhi ately pli-cel so easily wxithini his reach. titss heait. /A tacit of coso erprise - I-i r-e-,at ii ts ecite inutt pervade It mausc ln ire innerd thea Crusdes were uended. Fiae mil l ions thintt aroienat miar. li-t rut-cditit il -— ri:ii o r a -a fi bit ai toe of' men had been uri ed in the plains of Asia. No immnediate tIro- civiliz-titin -v- tot cs::lfoi:t:;,!-.'t'i. t -iAen. itt' w1 ice liad i:ot M cmm pthies insoled Europefor the loss. These religius xarns had prove d eain inrsof' l:ard ti. v i re:;:otv id trsireld Eurihp nilbt te pa-sion ie In iad fit air uniumitigated n calamity. iy The object of tIne brave warriors was tnot TIhoe pasmians, bei-g f'acittical, hind led their victintm Into th,: f ire, i:tainel, ailthough at e nx a tin'e, the bloondyvictors, a isid the t lmd nim- Buit, i'rls the fime, thrn - ie ier iibh un-c-'it chroumn iced ry tm ihi thetius of the clergy, had ascenled the haill of Calvaray, and bedewaed poor ma-a. Evil was.,intIce, by a;od. To'IIre "woxxld-dt'hien;_xx' anih their tears the monument of their redemption. Never before, immolated herselhi i-.ame, tcxnet sth, nit'It sitrg thie leare and sbat as such a xwastet of treasure animd blood. For two centuiries, Europe time hiwgher ORIG ORY ESSAY. Having now alluded to those events which prepared the age for roost distinguished critics to be merely allegorical of hatred to papal the great convulsion and agitation which Froissart witnessed and usurpation and love for intellectual freedom. Petrarch was as greal described, I proceed to offer a few obserYations on those agitations. an enthusiast in liberty as in love, aid his alliance and s)mpathy W'-ha.t were they? They were the conflict of' spiritual agencies- with Rienzi are well known. During thentine the Popes had retired of great principles, ia governmnent, and in religion, and in social life. to Avignon —their Babylonian captivity —the main pillars of their What vwere these principles? throne were assaulted with weapons which no power could ever (iJe of the m.st important was the principle of association. This resist, by the invisible power of ideas and truth. Men dared to spe, tsagRhht the people their streingth. Tley always had the power, but culate on their assumed right to impose their dognias. The church, iAt the wisdomi to combine it. Until after the Crusades, they had in this age, was still strong enough to put down open rebellion, but ieveir dreaiend how strongr they were when united for the attainment it could not extinguish the spreading fires of iniseltectual independ. iof noble e'ids. Hence, fbrmerly, they were oppressed and crushed and ence. It was the strife for this right, not the possession of it, which mockcidin Greece, in Rome, in Europe, under the feudal system. was a grand feature of the times. It was the idea that the church But, by c:,nilamtions, they could resist a feudal army, they could had no right to shackle the human soul in his lofty inquiries, wlhich equip a itirc-hant fleet, they could establish a foreign factory. This was the spiritual cause of some of the mightiest movements, if not idea ot association becanme the soul of commerce and of manufac- of the fourteenth century, at least of the succeeding ones. It was tares. It even led to political liberty. It extorted from monarchs like the mighty fire which was smouldering in the bosom of volca. those charters which secured the farm of the peasant and the shop of noes. The tire was there, although repressed. Had this not existed, ihe artificer. It restored a substance and a life to the people in all the volcano would not have burst forth, and its flames ascended to of their relatoiions and transactions with superiors. This idea is at Heaven. the basis of popular representation. Nothing could resist it. It It was, however, not until the time of' Luther, that the European contained a great source of power and popular improvement. The mind was awakened to the noble idea that men have a right to think people, having learned the secret of strength, never for a moment for themselves. The right of'private judgmient isthe bequest of the forgot it, even though sometimes repelled by a superior force. Under Reformation, and to all coming time. That right may be disputed Wat Tyler, they marched in a body to Loiidon, and, had they pos- by sonime romantic lovers of the dark ages, and of papal superstition, sessecd a little more experience, would have extorted friom the tram- but it can never be put down. Ilt is an idea, not only congenial to bling nionarch as great a charter of privileges as the barons obtained thie wants of an improving age, but the very genius of the German from John. It is singular to see how this idea has become more and race. more important, with the progress of society. Nothing now is at. It is astonishing what a stride Europe made in civilization so soon tempted, of any magnitude in a free country, without a combination. as the idea was agitated of thie right of free inquiry, or rather as soon It is seen in all the ramifications of business, in all the mazes of' as it was established, which was not until the Reformation. Then politics, and in all the movements of philanthropy. The mill, the new ideas, equally important, flashed upon the popular mind. The rail-road, the insurance office, and the missionary station, prove its p eople, feeling that they had a right to thi/k fur themselves, soon felt present and increasing agency. It breakls the chains of despotism, that they had a right to rile themselves. This idea was at the basis rebukes injustice, gives teachers to the people, and missionaries to of Puritan movenments in England. The idea has never yet been the heathen. It gives strength to the people, so long crushed and realized as perfectly as the friends of freedom base desired.- But it mocked by their superiors, even as the hair of Samson emiabled him has prompted to the noblest struggles ever mniade by man. It has to pull down, upon the heads of his exulting enemies, the ancient inspired the people with loftiness of ambition, and with the hope of temple of the Philistines. a glorious destiiny. Nor can it ever be relinquished, especially in a While, in the age of Froissart, the principle of association was country like this, so long as Saxon blood flows in our veins; so long building free cities, and encouraging commerce, and reviving arts, as such heroes as Cromwell and Washington are remembered, and and breaking fetters, and securing wealth and political importance so long as the spiritual in man shall be more honored than the clay. to the people, the idea that men had a right to think for themselves It would be uncalled for in an essay like this, to show how the was agitated. It had not, indeed, become established, nor was po- spirit of inquiry, in the exciting age of Froissart was directed to evlitical liberty established; but the idea was born which was after- erything which can interest the human mind, or how this spirit, diswards to secure it. The old scholastics had emancipated human couraged and opposed in his day, by a church ever hostile to it, was reason firom the trammels of priestly authority. They did not seek triumphant in succeeding centuries. so much to change religious opinions, as to secure the light of free It is the object of' the writer of this essay merely to hint to the two inquiry; and this was the great point of dispute between the church grand spiritual agencies which were in existence during the brilliant and men of letters. As early as the first Crusade, the scholars of epoch to which the Chronicles of Froissart refer-the one applied to Abelard had requested him to give them " some philosophical argu- material life, the other to the intellectual. Other agencies might be -untes-such as were fit to satisfy their minds." "TThey begged," mentioned, but those alluded to are sufficient to give the fourteenth says Guizot, "that h-e would instruct them not only to repeat what century an unusual attraction. It was the forming period of modern:-e taught them, but to understand the same. Especially, said they, civilization; and a new civilization was established, after one thous it niecessary that we should strengthen one another with all thei sand years of suffering and disaster, on the ruins of the old, estab. >owers of reason, so that in questions so difficult and complicated as lished by the beautiful union of native genius with the treasures of 3ompose the substance of the Christian faith, we may be able to hin. the old classic world which had escaped the wreck.:lo trhe subtiltes of its enemies from too easily corrupting its purity." This new formation, after a lapse of so many years of prepara. Thus, the. scholaistic philosophy endeavored to -satisfy humana reason, tion-this second grand epoch irs European history-teaches one:mmcd to triumph over an imperious authority. Its whole tendency, great truth. The new structure which arose from the old Gothic therefure, was to lead to intellectual independence, and thus the old edifice shows that there is a Providence, and there is a progress. Doctors were the true precursors of the reformation in religion and Progress is the central truth which all history reveals; not that all philosophy. By the temerity of their speculations, they taught the generations are better than that which immediately preceded them, human miinmd to thinki boldly, and raised an inquisitive spirit which it but that society, on the whole, through a superintending power, is was impossible to repress. It is this iniquisitive spirit which is the advancing, and will continue to advance until the consummation of gareatest glory of tihe age of Froissart. Not only did it seek to explore human happiness. He who cannot see this sublime truth, amid the unknown seas, ancd discover new kingdoms, but incited students to revolutions and sorrows which have been sent upon mankind, has pursue every departmient of literature and science. It was this which no eye to the only thing that can cheer us amid the ruin of private revived law, and medicine, and experimental philosophy. It sent hopes, and the wreck of immediate interests. Progress is seen in scholars over every country of Europe to ransack libraries, and col those systems of fraud and tyranny which succeeded the dissolution lect manuscripts, and study Greek. The whole lives of Italian scho- of the Roman world. The epoch of -misfortunes passed, and was lars were spent in collecting and collating manuscripts, and the re. succeeded by eight hundred years', repose. Those sluggish times, covery of -one was regarded almost as important as the discovery of disgraced by ignorance, superstition and imposture, wvere succeeded a kiniglom. Emanuel Chryolorus revealed to the enthusiastic crowds by a glorious awakening and uprising of disenthralled humanity in who flocked to his lecture-room in Florence, the richness and copious. the fourteenth century. For five centuries, the European nations have imess of the Greek language, as gloriously as Abelard taught his dis- been reaping the fruit of tlhose ideas which were then advanced ciples in the wilderness of Paraclete, the depths of scholastic lore, There is now need of new combinations and reforms. Who shall when he waas driven from Paris. for his heresy and his crime' And say that Cl,;6rtendom is not now passing through a new transforms. evert the early poetry of the moderns breathed the very spirit of free tion? inqmiry. IThle divine comedy of Dante is thought by some of the CO0N TEN TS. CPhP PAGN. CHAP. FPOGE. CHAP. PAISE Original Introduction................................ 56. The king of France assembles a large army in France in Gascony, lays siege to the castle cf Lifb of the Author................1.............1 order to raise the siege of Tournay................45 Auberoche....................................... Essay on his Works.................................6 57. Some of the garrison of Bouchain defeat a body 107. The earl of Derby nskes the count of Lisle, and Criticism on tihe History of Froissart...............9 of soldiers from Mortaque before the town of nine more counts and viscounts, prisoners, beConde.....................................4...5 fore Auberoche.................................6 -1. Of the bravest knights of this present book.........14 58. Sir William de Bailleul and sir Vaufiarts de la 108. ThIe earl of Derby takes different towns in GasS. Of some of thie predecessors of king Edward of Croiz, make an excursion to Pont-k-Tressin......45 cony, in his road toward La Reote................ 19 England..........................................15 59. The earl of Hainault attacks the fortress of Mor- 109. The earl of Derby lays siege to La Roche, whichr 0. Oftlie relations of king Edward the third..........15 taqucein various manners........................46 surrenders to him........................69 4. The occasion of the wars between the kings of 60. The earl of Hainault takes the town of St. Ar- 110. Sir Walter Manny finds, in La Reole, thesepulEnglanid and France.............................15 mand, during the siege of Tournay...............46 chre of his father...............................70 5. How earl T'homas of Lancaster and twenty-two 61. Sir Charles de Montmorency, and many others of 111. The earl of Derby conquers the castle of Lr Rleole.1l of the greatest nobles in England, were beheaded.,15 the French, captured at Pont-k-Tressin..........47 112. The earl of Derby takes castle iMoron, ant after0, The queen of England goes to complain of sir 62. ThIe Flemings advance at St. Omrer during the wards Villefranche, in Perirord.................71 Hugh Spencer to her brother the king ofFrance..15 siege of Tournay.................................47 113. The earl of Derby conquers tire city of Angou7. Sir Hu-lgh Spencer causes the queen Isabella to be 63. The siege ofTournay raised by means of a truce..48 16me......................................... 71 sent out of France...............................16 64. The duke of Brittany dies without heirs; upon 114. Sir Godfrey de Harcourt banished fiom France.... 72 8. The queen Isabella leaves France and goes to which a war ensues for the succession...........48 115. Jlacob Von Artaveldt is murdered at Ghient.........72 Germany....................................16 65. The earl of Montfort takes the town and castle 116. William earl of Hainault is slain in Frrezlrnd, 9. Queen Isabella arrives in England with sir John of Brest........................................49 and many noblemen with him.................... de Hainault.........................17 66. TThe earl of Montfort takes the city of Rennes......50 117. Sir John of IHainault quits the alliarlce of Eng00. The queen of England besieges her husband in 67. The earl of Montfort takes the town and castle of land fior tlhat of France............................7 thIe city of Bristol...............................17 Hennebon.........................................50 118, TIe duke of Normandy marches with a great 11. Sir Hugh Spencer the elder, and tile earl of Arun- 68. The earl of Montfort does homage to the king of army into Gascony, against the earl of Derby.....7T del, are adjudged to dearth.......................18 England for the dukedom of' rittany.............51 119. Sir John Norwich escapes firomn Anrgoullne, 12. The king of Englarnd and sir H. Spencer are taken 69. The earl of Montfort summoned beforbe the perils- when thiat town surrenders to tihe French......... 74 at sea, as they were endeavoring to escape from ment of Paris, at tile request of the lord Charles 120. The duke of Normandy larys siege to Aiguillon, Bristol castle................... 18 de Blois.......51 with a hundred thousand men...74 13. Sir tHuh Spencer judged and executed...........19 70. The duchy of Brittany adjudged by the perlia- 121. Thie kinrs of England marches into Normandy:4. The coronation of king Edward III..............19 ment of Paris to thie lord Charles de Blois.........51 with his army, in three battalions.................76 15. Robert Bruce, king of Scotland, defies king Ed- 71. ThIe lords of France enter Brittany with lord 122. The king of France collects a large force to opward............................................19 Charles de Blois..................................52 pose the king of England.........................76 16. A dlissension between tihe arclhers of England and 72. The earl of' Montfort taken prisoner at Nantes, 15. The battle of Caen. The English take the towur..77 the Hainaulters..................................20 and thie manner of his death......................52 124. The English commnrit great disorders in Norman17. Of tihe manners of thie Scots, and how they carry 73. The king of England for the third time makes war dy. Sir Godfrey de Harcourtencounters tle men on war..............................................20 upon the Scots....................................53 ofA iens, on their way to Paris, and king Ed8. King Edward's first expedition againstthe Scots...21 74. King David of Scotland advances with a large war r marches into Picardy......................78 19. King Edward marries the lady Philippa of Hain- army to Newcastle-upon-Tyrne...................53 125. The king of France pursues the king of England atlt...............................................23 75. King David of Scotland takes and destroys the in thIe country of Beauvais.......................73 20. Robert, king of Scotlarnd, (lies...................24 city of Durham...................................54 126. The battle of Blanchetaque, between the king of 21. Philip of Valois crowsned king of France..........25 76. The king of Scotland besieges Wark Castle, be- England and sir GodSmar du Fay................79 02. ThIe battle of Cassel in Flanders....................25 longing to the earl of Salisbury.................54 127. The order of battle of the English at Crecy, who 23. The earl of Kent and sir Rouger Mortimer put to 77. The kiing of England is enamored with the count- were drawn up in three battalions on fiot........80 death...................................25 ess of Salisbury...................................55 128. The order of the French army at Crecy.............80 24. iing Edward pays homage to the king of France 78. The earls of Salisbury and Moray are set at lib- 129. The battle of Crecy, between the kings of France for tihe duchly of Guienne............ 2.I........... erty in exchange for each other...................56 and of England...................................81 25. Robert, count d'Artois, banished France...........27 79. Lord Charles de Blois with some other lords of 130. ThIe English, on the morrow, again defiat the 26. King Edward takes tihe city of Berwick...........27 France take the city of Rennes..................56 French...........................................8 27. King Philip of France and several other knights 80. The lord Charles de Blois besieges the countess 131. The English number the dead slain at tihe battle put on the cross.................................29 of Motfort in Iennebon.........................56 of Crecy..........................................83 29. King Edward is advised by his council to make 81. Sir Walter Manny conducts the English into 132. TIhe king of England lays siege to Calais. The wmar against king Philip of France................29 Brittany...........................................57 poorer sort of the inhabitants are sent out of'it....53 2. Jacob Von Artaveld governs all Flanders.........30 82. The castle of Conquet twice taken........... 5.....57 133. The duke of Normanndy raises the siege of Aguil80. Certain nobles of Flanders defend the island of 83. The lord Lewis takes the towns of Dinant and ton.........-............................8 Cadlsaut against the Enuglish....................31 Guerrande................................8 134. Sir William Manny, by means of a passport, rides 31. The battle of Cadsant, between the English and 84. Sir Valter Manny detbats the lord Lewis of through France f-orn Aicuillon to Calais.........80 the Flemings attached to the earl of Flanders....31 Spain, at Quimrperle.............................58 135. The carl of Derby takes many towns and castles 5. King Edward makes great alliances in the empire.31 85. Sir Walter Manny takes the castle of Guy la in Poiton, and tihe city of Poitiers................B 53. Davidl, king of' Sctland, forms an alliance with Foret..............................................59 136. Thle king of Scotland, during the siege of Calais, Philip, king of France.....1-..............32 86. Tie lord Charles de Blois takes thie town of Car- iinvades England.............................. -34. King Edward of England made vicar of the erm- haix....................................59 137. Thie battle of Nevil's Cross...................... 85 pire of Gerrany..........................32 87. Sir John Boteler and sir Matthew Trelawney are 118. John Copeland takes the king of Scotland pris35. King Edward and his allies send challenges to the rescued fi-om death...............................59 oner, anrd receives great advantages fiorn it.......$7 Iking- of France...................................33 88. Lord Charles de Blois takes the town and castle 139. The young earl of Flanders is betrothed, through 6. Sir W~alter Manny, after the challenges had been of Jugon.........................................60 the constraint of the Flemnings, to the daughter sent, makes the first incursion into France........33 89. The king of England makes great feasts and tour- of the king of England. He escapes to France 87. The irnench, after tihe challenges, invade England.33 naments at London, through affection for thIe in a subtle manner................................ 38. RKinu Edward besieges the city of Camlbray.......34 countess of Salisbury............................60 140. Thie lord Robert de Namur does homage to the 39. Kinrg Edwvard creates sir lenry of Flanders a 90. The kiing of Eungland sends the lord Robert d'Ar- king of Engliand before Calais....................8 kniight, and afterwnards mnarcies into Picardy.....34 tois into Brittany.................................61 141. The English conquer La Roche-d'Errien, to 40'The kings of France anrd England appoint a day 91. A sea engagement, off Guernsey, between tile wihich place tile lord Charlesde Blois lays siege..Mi tor their armies to engage........................35 lord Robert d'Artois and the lord Lewis of Spain.61 142. The conbtst of Ln Rocle-dl'Errien, where the 41. The kings of France and England draw up their 92. The lord Robert d'Artois takes the city of Vannes.62 lord Charles de Blois is made prisoner........... arumies in battle array at Vironfosse...............36 93. The deathl of the lord Robert d'Artois.............2 143. The ing of France collects a great ary, to 42. Tile two kings retire froiom Virorfosse without.. Tihe king of Enggland continues the war in person mraise the siege of Calais........................... giving battle.....................................36 in Brittany............................... 63 144. Te kingof England guards all the passes round 43. King Edward assumes the arms and title of king 95. Tne lord of Clissun and sir I-lerve de Leon are Calais, so that the king of France cannot apof' France....1......................................36 taken prisoners by the Elglish...................63 prach to raise te siege.........................., 44. Tihe French destroy thIe territories of sir John of 96. The king of England takes the town of Dinant. 145. Tine town of Calais surrenders to the king of EngHlainault...........................................37 Thie lord Lewis of Spain makes sonme cruises at la....................................90. Tile earl of Hainault takes and destroys Auben- sea................................................63 14. Te king of E land re-peoples Calais...........1 ton, in Tierachei..................................38 97. The duke of Normandy brings with him some 147. A rolbber of tihe namine of Bacon does munuc r mis8. Those of Tourney make an incursion into Flan- lords of France, to oppose the king of England chief in Languedoc............................... 1t dens................................................3) in Brittany........................................64 C~~~tS.1) in Brittany.64 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~14.q. A page, of tine nanre of' Croqurart, meurs robber...f: 47. Johun, duke of'Nornuandy, marches riu to Hainnault..39 93. The'king of England uand the duke ofNornandy 149. Sir Arcry do Pa-ie plots with sir Geoimay do.. Thie garrison of Do;uay makes an incursiou into enca mp their arnnies opposite to acad othier,.near Chargy, to sell te town of Caais..............9 Ostrevant, during tihe absence of tihe earl of to Vnnes.................................. 150. Te btte of.is, betee te ini f lgla5d. uneThe battler of Ci ala.btweetei, r Ma ng-, luainault in Englrand and in Germany............41 99. The king of France orders the lord of Clisson, n, uner te nr f sir teluy, I 11 with sir~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~!ad unefry de blannrgo i r ~atheFrec......y, li. rle duke of Normandy lays siege to Thin and many other lords of Brittany anntl Nour- it sir Geor d Cl y r tie ec. L'Ev6que........................................41 mady, to be beeaded....................... 151. The king of Englandl presents a chaplet of pearls 50. The naval egtaemrnent between tihe king of Eng- 100. King Edvward institutes the order of St. George to sir Eustace de Ribeanuront..................4 lnd and the French, before Slurs...............42 at Windsor....................................... Adlitions from two. te aod Library, 51. RIotuert, kniug of Sicily, enrdeavers to make peace 101. Tire kin.g of Engrland sets at liberty sir Hlerve de not inn usny of the printed copies..............4....9 lueteveen tire kimugs ruf France: rnd Eugia~rud.......4 9 Lesun......................,..~..~ ~ ~'~~ ~ ~ ~ 152. The death of king Pinilip, and coronation of hisri 02. Tire king ofEluglunhmu ancu his allies hold a confer- 102. The kinr of Engltd rends the earl of Derby to son John...................9.................... once aLt Vilvorde..................................... 4 makre war in Ga.~eony............................65 5 T kl: Nvr cne i od la~f f ounce at Vilvorulo.49 rarke cram in Garcony.6-5 ~~~111. Tire hiing of Navarre camseos tire lord Chrarles of 50.'l'lue tiing of Englarnd besieges the city of Tour- 103. The earl of Derby conquers Bergerac..............66 Spain, constable of Franuce, to be murdererd; nay within s puow erful arwy.....................41 104. The eurl of' Derby conuquers many towns and with other mactiers................91....... -t.'lin enna rl oflaiinuuit tdestroys the towns ofSeclhn fhiurtresses inn Urpper Gascony..........6............ 6 154. The tsr. of tile gabelle imposed throughout and Orehuies......................................4-1 105.'The earl of Oxfbrd istaken prisoner in Gascony, France, by tie tiree estaler, un ccount of tire 05 Tire Scots recover great part of their country but set at liberty by exchange....................67 war............................................9 dasring the siege of Tourny.na........ 4...4 106. The count de Lisle, lieutenant for the king of 155. The king of Frainree arrests tire kiung of Navarre. Vill C ONTENTS. CHAP. PAGE. CHAP. PAGE., CHAP. PAGE and orders the earl of Harcourt an1 others to he 205. Some Germans wait for tie king ofEngland atCa- Castil!e, and hisbastard brother HIenry, to whose beheaderi at Rouen........a......................99 Iis, to attend him in his expedition into France, aid the lord John ltie Bourbon antd sir Bertrand dou M06. The king of France issues out summons for as- during the time king John was ii England......123 Gusclna leaid their pillaginiig corparies. Henry, sembling an army to combat the prince of Wales, 206. The king of England leads a great army into by thieir means, is crownied king of CGstille......153 swho was overrunning'ihe province of Berry.....100 France, during the time the king of France was 231. King Don Pedro sends to entreat the prince of 157 The prince of Wales takes the castle Romorantin.101 a prisoner in England. The arrangement of the Wales' assistance against his brother Henry the 158. The king of France leans a great army to the bat- army of England...............................123 Bastard. Hlie rethres into Gsienne, where he is tie of Poitiers....................................101 207. ThIe king of England leaves Calais. The order well received by the prince......................155 159. The disposition of the French before the battle of of his army in their march through Picardy to- 232. The prince of Wales holds a grand conference at Poitiers..........................................102 ward Rheims.......1......................2......14 Bordeaux on the affisrs of' the king of Castille. 10. Tise cardinal de Perigord endeavors to make 208. The king of England lays siege to the city of He receives letters fisom the king of' Engliad to pence between the king of France and the Rheims, and to the castle of Chargny. The war assent to tihe proposals of nassisting. l)on Pedro. prince of Wales, previous to the battle of recommences between the duke of Normandy He makes overtures to thie king (rf Navarre, t;fr Poitiers.....................................102 and the king of Navarre.......................125 a free passage through his kingdom, to enable 161. The battle of Poitiers, between the prince of 209. The lord of Rtoye and his company defeat the re- sim to conduct Don Pedro back to CIstilie......' Wales and the king of France...................103 mainder of the troops of tihe lord of Gomegines. 21,. The prince of Wales tmakes preparations fbr re162. Two Frenchmen, running away friom the battle The castle of Commercy surresders to the Eng- placing Don Pedro on his trrnre of Castille. of Poitiers, are pursued by two Englishmen, lish............127..........H...........127 Henry the Bastarld. thlough late informed of it, who are themselves made prisoners..............105 210. The king of England, after lie had raised the siege endeavors to prevent it.........1..............157 162. Tile manner in which kring John was taken pris- ofitRheims, wastes and destroys all tie countries 234. Thile viscount of N.r.bonne, t.c re sescal of Touonerat the battle of Poitiers......................105 lie passes through. He cotues to Guillon, where louse, swith other Fsrench lords, havinig attacked 164 The prince of Wales inakes a handsome present hlie remains. Great quantities of provisions fol- some of the free companies,r that Wiere croame into to tihe lord James Audley, after tihe battle of low thie army....................................1 Franrce accordingg to thie orders of tihe prrince, are Poitiers.........................................106 211. The king of England lays tile kingdom of France discormfited near rosntanltin. Thie pope firbula 165. The English gain very considerably at the battle undler great tribulation. A Cordelier friar pro- the prisoners whorr tile companies had takren, of Poitiers.......................................106 phecies. The English place an ambuscade for and set free oii their pntrole afer tie combat, to 166. The lord James Audley gives to hiis sqiires thie those who should come out of Paris.............1 I keep their f'aith, or to tray sany ransom...........153 pension of' five hun{ired mares hie had received 212. Tihe tform and teinor of tihe paper drawn up as ar- 2-5. During thie timte tihe prirne of t a iles is prelprring fi'om the prinrce...................1............107 tidcles of the peace whichl was concluded before for Iis expedition into Castille, tie king of ita167. VThe prince of Wales entertains the king of Chlartres, between tire rings of France and jorcas eeks: refit; e oith aIrn sgainst tile ring of France at supper, the evening after the battle...107 England........................................130 Arrason. T'he prinee displleases tlheord l'Albret.159 168. The prince of' WVales returns to Bordeaux, ater 213. The transactions of thIe two kings of France and 236. The birth of'Eicilhard, skmis ofthle prince of,,Wales. thie battle of Poitiers...........................108 England, when at Calais, respecting tile duchly iThe rTrivl r'itie dii' e of t' i "aster to,ccimi169. The three estates of France assemble at Paris, of Brittany and soie Ilands of tile late Godfrey pany iris brohler rs hris inten,!ed expedition, after tihe battle of Poitiers......................108 de iHarcourt. King Jorhn sets out frriom Calais New treaties with tire Ikilsg ofl Navarre, frsr tihe 370. The three estates send ten-at arns against air stisd returnss home in fireedor.................... 133 security of ptssli toIhrough Iis kiingdrir. Sir Godfiey de Harcourt............................109 214. Commrissionrers appointed oni both sides to see the Bertrand siu Gruest:n''i rerttrnss to tire assastance 171. The battle of Costantin, between sir Godfrey de garrisons in the kingdom of France evacuated. of king Henriy....................................t0 Harcourt ani sir tRaoul de Reyneval...........109 DifFerent hodies rofasrmedl nien overrun the king- 237.'hte p"rine of'inles and his army pass tire 172. Tie prince ofV Wales conducts tihe king of Franrces dom, s nd do inuclh mischief.....................134 rrountarirs cf Nav'rre, ni.! arrive at Pampefrom Bordeaux to England.....................110 215. Thle lord Janmes de IBorbeon and his army are de- luna. rinrg t'enriy ii tCastille writes letters to 173. David Bruce, king of Scotlandr, obtairns his lib- i bated by these freebootinirt conmpanies. Thie rim. ir it~ iliinm Felton crommands r as aserty.............................................10 pspe orders a crusaile to be proclai' ied, after vaced partiy ofrthe triy........................ 174. Thie duke of Lancasi:er ILys siege to Renes......111 they rhave tsken tire ltP nt dou St. Esprit, tind frinds 28. The kin"z of s'rm'rie is nmade prisoner by sir (ii175. A knight of the county of Evreux, called sir means to get rid of them........................135 vier sie Mtih'y, a.Bretoi and partisan of kirng William she Graville, reconquers tihe city aril 216. Tie deaths of tihe dutkes of Lancaster and Bur- tlenrs. iThe isit'e s Vof' Wales advances to Salcastle sf Evreux firom the king of France, whio gundy, whicih last causes new dissensions ire- vatierra in Sp-tin. Sir VWilianti Feltion sit-irrhand taken it i-ore tile kinrg of Navarre...........111 tween the krings of IFrance and Navarre. Thie ishes withi lie ernemy, ner tile rquarters of tihe 176. The Archipriest nssembles a company sf tien-at prince of WV ales crosses the sea to Aquitatine.....137 king of'Spain. The I wsi armies tidvance toward arms. H-le is mnichi honored at Avignon.........111 217. Thie kings ofFranceand of Cyprus undertake and eiac other............................:....... 177. A Welcbmnan, if tire uname of Ituffin, conmmands swear to performm t[ crusade against the infidels. 239. The arrivssI of sir lertrlansd lIu Guesclin to the ain a troop of fiee comirpanies......................112 The king of Cyprus makires earnest solicitations of king lleni'y. Do:] Telli attacks thie advanl ced 178. The provost of the merchlants of Paris kills three hor assistance to many kings and princes in di- gnard of the prine of Wales, delrats sir iVilkniglhts in thie apartment of the regent.......... 112 vers places of' Chiristendomn......................138 ian Felt n nnd his Idy ofi mien............1.....4 17. By nwhat means the king of Navarre escapes out 218. Tihe king of England detains tihe hIostages as pri- 240. Sir Arnold (Il'AindreI,_ en giy'es good atdvice to osfprison............................. 112 soners. The king of Cyprus uses great entreaties king Htenry'f Ciist l le. Thle mlince oh' WVales 80 Tise king of Navarren mnakes a solemni harangue with the kings of Navarre and England, and sentifs a tardy answer t-ir:e lttg's letter_......1'64 to the Parisians.............................112 the prince of' WVales, to induce them to under- 241. The ltte i of Naviareernt, wIlich tlie prince of 181. Tihe comn mencemnent of the inhfinmous Jacquerie of take this croisade against tihe Saracens.........139 I ales, supporti ng tihe part of king Don Pedro Beauvoisis......................................112 219. IKing, Join returns, of his owvin free will, to Eng- against his brother tihe b'str', gains. Sir iier183. Thie king ofNavarre defeats many of the villails land, anrd dies there...........................140 trnnd du Geseclin is made prisoiner, and king in Beauvoisis. The provost of mnerchrnts builds 220. King Charles of France makes wise preparattions Ilenry fLrced to fly, alter hmaving fought moosh a wall rountd'aris................................113 nagainst the king of Navarre, immedcliately after valiintly...................................... 1 184. The battle of-Ticeaix in Brie, where tihe villains the death of John his father, and befire his coro- 212. Alt Castille, afrer the battle of Navasetta, acare discorfited by the earl of Foix and tile cap- nation...........................................141 knowledge I)on Pedlro. Ile protracts tile stay tal of Buch.....................................113 221 Tihe Icing of Cyprus returns to Paris. The funeral of thie prince ofWales at Vailiadolid, while ihe 185. Paris besieeed by the nduie of Normandy, regent of king John at St. Denis.'The captal de Buch seeks for money to pay tihe army.................16f of France.......................................114 makes an attack oun sir Bertrand du Guesclin....143 243. King Henry ofrCastille, laviisg escapen firm tie 186. Some Parisians are slain at St. Cloud, by the Eng- 22. The brttle between tihe French under sir Bertranqd battle of Najorra, makes w'nr IIponi Aquitaine. Iis, who had reen solidiers in Patris............. 114 du Gueslini, and tihe Navarrois under the captal Th'lie prince of Wales leaves Spain discontented 187. The dleath of tihe provost of tie mrnercihants of Paris.ll5 do Buch, at Cochserl in Normandy. The captel with tihe king Don Pedro......................169 188. The king of Navarre declares war against France, is made prisoner, and victory declares for tie 244. After tie retort of the prince to Aimitnine, Henrv the French king being at the time a prisoner in French..........................................144 king of Castille leaves Ba/gnieies in Bigorre, and Egland t.................................... 116 223. CharlesV., surnamned time Wiise, is crowned king retires to tue itingrl(ormn ofArragon. Sir iertranid 89. Thei N'avarruis arem'besieged in the castle of Mlau- of France. His brother Philip is invested with du Gnesclin obtains lns ransom. Tile firee cominconsei! by the men of Picardy............. 1.....16 the duchy of Burgundy, and sent against the panics of the prinuce enter thme kinigdlon osf 190. Several (f tire citizens of Anniens attempt to give fiee companies of pillagers...................146 France. Some of' the great barons oh' Aqnmup that city to the Navatrrois. A iamine in 224. The lord Lewis ofNavarre makes incursions into taine compnhin to king Charles of' France of a France..........................................117 France. The duke of Burgundy plais several certain tax, called Fouane, wiich the prince 191. Thlie men of Picanrdy besiege the Navarrois in St. expeditions against him, but is forced to go into was abount to lay on their lands..................I71 Vanlery.'hie k;ngdom rif' France is hilled with Burgundy, to defend it against the earl de Mount- 245. Thie bastard Henry of Castile, byr the assistance Navarrois.......................................117 beiar.................................147 o' te in of Araon nd si fertnl d 1Lq2. Thie c'anons de s obesart efeoats the Narvarrois illn 5. King Charles orders the duke of Burgundy to be- Guesolin, again makes wamr upon iris Iibrothier the Laonnois, near to Creil......................110 siege La Charit6. I-e wants it to surrender on- Don PedIro. Having defeated him in a battle, I93. The Nava-rrois surrender St. Valery to the conditionally, that lie may send assistance to he is made prisoner, ni murdered. HIenry reFrench, who hadni besieged it a long time........ 118 lord Charles de BlUois, who is contesting the mains kring of Spain...........................7I 1.94. lThe lord Philip de Navarre nassemnbles tiree thiou- duchy of Brittany with the earl of Moatfort......148 246. King Charles V. is advised to declare luimself lord sand tnes tsr raise the siege f St. VIaery.........118 226. The lord Chiarles de Blois advances against the paramount of Guienne and Aqunitnine, cn urc195. Sir Peter Audley lends a party of Navtirrois, in enrl of Montfort in order of battle. Sir John count of the hearth tax whichI the prince of WTn les the niiht, to take Chalons......................119 Chainnlos, after having drawn up tihe battalions was about to raise. This causes a renewal of'1. Trhe earl le Rontrcy taken a second time...........120 of tihe earl of Montfirt, prevents the treaty fionom the war betwveen the French and nglisi........ 174'197. Tlhree neens with the Na'varrois, are besieged taking place which tihe lord de Beaumoanoir was 247. The king of France sends a summons to the in Meslun...................................120 negotiating between thie two pretenders to the prince of Wales, to appear in tsie chambrrier of 198. Sir Broquartr de Fenestra'es. mil.h manyr French, diuchy of 13Brittany...............................149 peers at Paris, in tihe matter of an appeal firom -raiw up in bhattle array against sir Eustace d'- 227. Tile battle of Auray, in which sir Bertrand du the barons of Gascony.........................176 Ainstreticrrssnt and the Einaish in Champagne.... 120 Guesclsn is made prisonerm, Chas. de Blois is slain, 248. The prince of' W'ales imprisons the comrmission-:99.;-The battle cof Nrgeat-'nsa-Seine, betwseen sir lero- and John de Mlontfosrt is victorious..............150 ers from tie king of France, who had brou-ghs enart de Fenestranes mnd tihe FretnCh, andi sir 228. The chieho attached to tile carl of Meontfort retire him tie sunnrons of appeal from tile lords of Eustsace d'Anmhreticourt and time English........121 after the victory at Aunray. The earl's conduct Gascony to tie court of France..................176 890. The pirlagers, who ir a nd rcpst prssession of dinbrent on seeimr Charles ce Blois dead. Truces granted 249. The dure of Berry and several more lories wsio forntresses in F'in-irne. biegin wisonderfinhly to fall off.ll i1or burying the srin. In rwhat mianner time ling had been hnostage s ins England, reetu ts srntrce.177 211. T lhe Furelr m r:;se tn, s stn tine trety which kinng of Englandc was informnned of the event of this 210. The earl of' Perigord, the viscount of Camnsnrinsg, Joh isn-snd entrered inns mwnsith ir;rht..........]22 battle of h uray..................................151 and other barons of Gascony, deibat tine nigh. -0'J Sir Enistace d'AI rnt reicnssmart obtains rims liberty by 2S'. The earl of Monstcbrt conmniers Au'ay and several stecard of Iouergue.............................177 n treant ranssnn..................................12 other place's from the widow of lord Chnarles de 211. The king of France gains over several taptains of:101 Sir htrnrqirt de FlI si -r':res nm,rcet paynent from Blois. King Chanrles interposes between them the fi-ee counpanies. 1He sends his defiance to tihe dutke nsr Nm'lns nn'y, regc nn)r't oh F rance....... 122 and makes peace. A peace is also made between the king ofn Englnnd.........................173 - 904ir Rtobert KnMolies makoine s cs essraoun into Berry the kings of' France and Navarre, through the'52. Challenges from France are delivered to tlie king anti Auvergne. the is pursued by the gentlemen medintm of the cnspisl de tdch....112 of Englnnd. The earl de Saint Poi and the lord of those countries................... 12...........2 230 A war irs a anin betsm'ern tine ting lion Pedro, of de Chatiion conquer tme county cf Ponthsseu. 178 CONTENTS. CHAP. rAGE. CHAiP. PAGE. CHAP. PAQI. 253. The king of England sends a large body of men- at Toulouse, where the duke of Anjou receives PhilipCourtenay, with many other men-at-arns., at-arms to the bhrders of Scotland. The dukes him with great joy. They take together several land in Brittany. The constable of France of Berry and Anjou issue their orders for their castles from tile English......................197 marches thither; on which the duke of Brittany vassals to attack the prince of Wales............179 284. The duke of Berry invades Limousin.............197 goes to England..................................21 24. Several captains of companies side with diff;rent 285. A truce is established between England and Scot- 316. The French besiege fbur different places. La parties. The king of England sends the eail of land. Sir Robert Knolles overruns, burns and Rochle-sur-Yon surrenders to the French. The Cambridge and the earl of Pembroke to the as- ravages the whole countries of Picardy and Ver- siege of Brest is raised by a capitulation, whlich sistance of his son the prince of Wales. They mandois..........................................158 is not kept........................................217 pass through Brittany.....................179 286. The garrison of Noyon make the English prison- 217. The duke of Lancaster lands at Calais, and in255. The earls of Cambridge and of Permbroke arrive ers who had set fire to Pont L'Evdque. The vades Picardy. A part of his army defeated by at Angouldme. The princesends them to over- king of France sends for sir Bertrand du Guesc- the lord de Boursiers before Ribemont. Another run the country of Perigord. Sose English are lin.................... 198 part of his army is,:efeaied near Soissons by an defeated near Lusignan.........................189 287. The prince of Wales assemlles his army at Cog- ambuscade of Burgundians and French.........213 26. Sir John Chandos takes Terrieres. The earl of nac, where lie meets his brother the duke of 318. The hostages sent firom Derval are beheaded. Sir Perigord and many other knights lay siege to Lancaster. The dukes of Anjou and Berry Robert Knolles retaliates on those prisones whom Realville in Quercy............................180 brealk up their expedition, Limoges having he had taken. The duke of Lancaster finishes 257. Tihe archbishop of Toulouse turns the city of turned to the French............................199 his expedition....................................19 Cabors and several other towns to the party of 288. The prince of Wales, anxious to recover Limo- 319. The duke of Anjou's campaign into Upper Gasthe king ofFrance. Thie dukes of'Gueldres and ges, lays siege to it, and undermines it...........199 cony.............................................220 of Juliers send defiances to tile king of France...181 289. Sir Robert Knolles, in continuing his incursions. 320. The earl of Pembroke and his companionss are 258. The duke of Burgundy, brother to king Charles through different provinces of France, advances ransomed. A short truce between the French V.. marries tihe daughter of the earl ofFlhtnders. near to Paris. A knight of his army, in return- and English. Becherel surrenders on terms. The king of England enters into negotiations ing from a vain-glorious expedition, is slain by a The death of the earl of Pembroke...............220 with the king of Navarre........................182 butcher of Paris..................................200 321. Several towns i Gascony surrenderto the Icing of 299. Tihe constables of Frcance and of Ilninsiatlt under- 290. Sir Bertrand du Guesclin talies tile fortress of St. France. Sir Hugh de Chastilon rieturns fiom take a grand expedition to attack Ardres. The Yvrier in Limousin. The prince of Wales re- prison. Tile castle of Becherel surrenders to the firtress of Realville is tiaken, and all the English conqcuers Limoges.............................200 French.........................................220 who were in it put to thie sword..................182 291. Sir Bertrand du Guesclin is made constable of 322. A truce agreed on at Bruges between the kings of 229. The French take La ItRoche Posay. The sene- France..............................201 France and England. The duke of Brittany reschal of Poitou burns anid destroys the lands of 292. Sir Bertrand du Guesclin and the lord de Clisson tires to his own country, and regains some of his the lord he Chauvigny, and talkes by assault his defeat the forces of sir Robert Knolles at Pont- towns and castles................................221 principal town of Brux..........................183 Vlin............................................202 323. Some Breton lords of the French party are near 281. Sir Robert Knolles is appointed captain of the 293. Sir Eustace d'Arnbreticourt is made prisoner and being taken by the duke of Brittaey, but are deprince's company. Hie causes sir Perduces d'At- ransomed. Sir Raymond de Marneel. a partisan livered by the treaties at BIruges..................222 bret to turn to the English. He besieges tihe of France, is taken, and in imminent sanger, 324. St. Sauveur Le Vicomte surrendersto the French, French companies in tile fort of Dsrmel.........183 but saved by his keeper.........................202 The lord de Coucy leads a large army into Aus262. Sir Robert Knolles aind sir John Chandos raise 294. The prince of Wales, having lost by deait his tria, which he claims as his inheritance..........222 the siege of Durmel. They lay siege to the cas- eldest son, gives up the duchy of Aquitaine to -3. The truce between France and Eigland is protie of Domme...................................184 the care of the duke of Lancoster. Four knights longed. lhe death of the Black Prince. T'he 2M. Sir Robert Knolles and sir Jolhn Chandos march of Brittany talkie the castle of Mlont-Paon........203 lord de Coucy returns, having had indifferent fromi Domme without doing anything. Thiey 295. The four krnights defend themselves against the success...........................................2 take Gavachles, Rochemador, and several other duke of Luincaster. The duke, on taking the 326. Richard, son to the prince of Wales, is ackowtowns which had turned to the party of the place, admits them to ransom....................203 ]edged as presumptive heir to thle crown of EngFrench.........................................184 296. Thile duke of Lancaster disbands his army, and land. The negotiations for peace having failed, 264. The earls of Cambrid-ge sInd of Pembroke con- returns to Bordeaux. The lord dePoss turns to and the truces expired, the war is renewed bequer tile garrison of Bourdeilles..................185 tihe French party............................. 204 tween the French and English.................... 25. Sir RItolert Knolles, sir John Chaindos, and sir 297. Thle English take the castle of Montcontour......204 1,7. Pope Gregory XI. leaves Avignon, and returns to Thomas Felton, marshal their men, and return 298. Sir Bertrancd du Guesclin, constable of France, Rome. O tile death of Edward III., Richard, to the prince of Wales..........................188 besiees the town of Uses, which surrenders to son of the late prince of Wales, is crowned Icing 266. Tihe firee companies attached to the English take him upon capitulation..........................205 of England......................................24 the castle of Belleperclhe, and the mnother of the 299. The ring of England's anger against sir Robert 328. Thee king of France equips for sea a large fleet, duke of Bourbon who was in it. They also Knolles is appeased. Peace is mnadebetween the which burns several towns in England..........225 takle the strong castle of St. Sauveur in Berry....186 English acd Flemings............................205 329. The town ofArdres surrenders to the French. The 297. The king of France, intending to send a large 300. The king of'Majorca is ransomed from king Henry death of the captal de Buch and of the queen of n.vcwh armament to the English coast, is pre- of Spain. He makes war on the king of Arra- France.........................................225 vented by the arrival of the duke of Laccaster gon.............................................206 330. The war recommences between the king i f Fsrance at Calais.........................................186 301. The duke of Lancaster espouses the eldestdaugh- and the king of Navarre. The siege of Cher26. The castle of La Roche Sur Yon surrenders to ter of the late Don Pedro, king of Spain. Treat- bourg. The duke of Lancaster invades Brittany. the English. The governor of it put to death, ies of alliance are entered into between the kings Tile castle of Auray surrenders to the French....225 by orders firom the duke of Anjou................186 of France and Spain.............................20 331. The French garrison of Montbourg is defeated by 26M. Tie dukte of Burgundy marches from the city of o392. The duke of Lancaster appoints governors in the English at Cherbolu g.o............2..6 tRoiuen, with the intention of combating tile Guienne: he returns to England, and carries duke of Lancaster and the English. The two his lady with him. Sir Walter Manny dies in VOLUME II. armies are encamped opposite to each other at London..........................................206 Tourneheim......................... 1...........187 303. The king of England appoints the earl of Pem- 1. The duke of Anjou undertakes an expedition 270. Sir John Cihandos does great mnischief to the pro- broke governor of Aquitaine. The Spaniards, against the English in the Bourdelois.........97 vince of Anjou. He despoilsl the estates of the being allies of France, attack him at sea, off La 2. Sir Thomas Felton is defented and made prisoner, viscount de Roche-Chouart, except the fortresses Rochelle.............................207 with many of the principal lords of Gascony, by and strongholds.................................187 304. The inhabitants of La Rochelle refuse to assist a party of French at the siege of Bergeac....... V71. Tile lord Louis de Sancarre surprises the earl of the earl of Pembroke. The soneschal and the 3. Bergerac surrenders to the duke of Anjou. The Pembroke. Several of Ihis men are slain, and lord de Tannaybouton, with others, come to his lords de Duras and de Rosem, after having prothe earl is besieged in a house at Puirenon.......188 aid..............................................208 mised to be of the French interest, return again g72. Sir John Chandos comes to the assistance of the 305. The earl of Pembrolre is defeated, and made pris- to thle English....................................9M earl of Pembroke, besieged in Psirenon..........189 oner by the Spaniards. They sail from La 4. Castillon, Sauveterre, and several other places in 073. The death of queen Plhilippa of England: she RocheIle with their prisoners. The captal de Gascony, surrender to the duke of Anjou........2123 makes three requests to tihe king on her death- Buch arrives there, but too late.................208 5.. The duke of Anjou takes the town and castle of bed. Some Frenchrtmen, having attaclked the 306. Evan of Wales defeats the English off the island St. Macaire by capitulation. The tawn of DuEnglish camp at Tourneheim, are repulsed by ofGuernsey. The king of France sends him to ras by storm, but the castle receives quarter......M sir Robert de Narmur..........................189 Spain to seekI for men-at-arms, to lay siege to 6. The duke of Anjou returns to the duchess at Tou074. The duke of Burgundy and his army decamp La Rochelle....................................209 louse, and the con-stable to the ring of France. without a battle. The duke of Lancaster re- 307. The hring of England is much cast down at the Evan of Wales lays siege to Mortain-sur-Mer....221 turns to Calais.................................. 190 capture of the earl of'Pembroke. Evan of Wales 7. King Charles of France instigates the Scots to 275. The earl of Pembroke, desirous ofeavenging him- meets the earl a prisoner in Spain................209 make war on England. The Scots take the casself fcr the deifeat he received at Puirenon, 308. The constable du Guesclin takes the castle of tie of Berwick l.......................... 2.......22 mirkes an incursion to Anjiou. Tihe Abbey of Monmorillon, and other places in Poitou.........210 8. The earl of Northumberland retakes thie castle of St. Salvia in Poitou is betrayed to the French 309. The constable of France takes Moncontour by a Beewick.........................................2 andi firfeited....................................191 capitulation. He marches from thence to form a 9. The earls of Northumberland and Nottingham 076. The county of St. Pol in Picardy is pillaged and junction with the duke of Berry in the Limousin, enter Scotland with a large army................. 3 ruinced by the English. Sir Hu-lgh de Chastillon when they lay siege to St. Severe................210 10. Sir Thomas Musgrave and the English under his is taken prisoner.........I...;.................191 310. The garrison of St. Severe, after a sharp assault, command are defeated by the Scots..............224 278. Sir Jmohn Chcandos is slain in a skirmish. Thle surrenders to sir Bertrand du Guesclin. The 11. The deaths of the queens of France and Navarre, Freitsh, at first victorious, are in the end de- city of Poitiers turns to the French party........211 and the renewal of the feuds between their two feared............................................192 311. The French make the captal de Buch prisoner. husbands........................................2 279. The lord de Coicy and the lord de Pomumiers are La Rochelle turns to the French................211 12. The death of pope Gregory Xl. After the sudunwillicg to tklre part with either side in this 312. Sir Bertrand du Guesclin takes several castles in den death of his immediate successor the cardivwar. The lords de Maleval and de Marneil turn the Rochellois. Tie king of England embarks nals are constrained to elect Urban VI. which to tihe French...................................194 to come to tihe assistance of Thouars, but is causes a schism in the culrch of Rome..........235 280. Thie frm of the letter which the English king sent prevented by contrary winds: upon which those 13. The king of Navarre sends embassadors to France into Aquitaine. Chatelheraut is taken by the of Thouars, and many others in Poitou, surren- in hiopes of regaining possession of his children. French, and Belleperche is besieged........... 194 der to the French................................213 Two of iis people are convicted of having at281. The ecarls of Cambnridu-e and Pemhroke carry off 313. The duke of Brittany dares not openly declare for tempted to poison thue king of France............3 tlie mostlcer of the duke of Bsourbon withs the the king of England. Sil Bertraend du Guesclin 14. The king of France orders the possessions of the earrison ofBelleperelhe. Tice duhre of Bourbon lays siege to Civray. The Engrlish are defeated, king of Navarre to be seized, as well in Nortakles posssession of that castle................ 195 and the whole of thee countries of Poitou, Sain- mandy as in Languedoc. T'he king of Navarre 8. Then foes' bruthers of Frnesce leve a meeting. tonge, and La Rochelle, are given up to thie forms an alliance with the English. The terms'Iheir preparations for the war. The mother of French...........................................214 of that alliance..............2. tice duke of Bourbon obtains her liberty. A 314. The siege of Becherel. Peace between the kings 15. The lords de Coucy and de Ia Riviere take several treaty entered into between the krinegs of France of France and Navarre. The death of tle king places in the county of Evreux, from lhe king of and Navarre....................................196 of Scotiand........................... 215 Navar.. 113. Sir Bertrand du Gursclin letnvms Spain and arrives 315. The earl of Sahisbuny, sir William Neville, sir 16. The duke of Anjou retains large bodies of men ~X~~~ ~CONTENTS. SHAP PAGe. CHAP. PAOG. CHAP. POL at-arms against the English. The Spaniards 50. The earl of Buckingham marches with his army in great danger. Succors come from France to lay siege to Bayonne.....................238 from Calais..................................... Castille............................ 17. The English, at this period, make excursions into 51. The lord de Brimeu, his sons and his men, are 86. The emperor Winceslaus sends his sister Anne to various parts of the kingdom of France. The taken prisoners by the English. The garrison king Richard of England, who make. her his melancholy death of Even of Wales.............238 of Peronne are driven back into that town.......264 queen...................................... 18. Thile inhabitants of Evreux surrender to the 52. The English burn and despoil Champagne. They 87. The king of France cannot obtain money firom French. The two armies assemble before St. meet with various adventures on their march, the receiver at Paris. The (luke of Anjou Malo...........................................239 and make many prisoners........................265 marches into Italy withl a noble attendance of 19 The English raise the siege of Mortain............240 53. Tie English come before Troyes. A skirmish at knights................................ 20 Tile English recover several strong castles from one of the gates. They take a fort which the 88. The earl of Savoy, who had accompanied the the French in the Bourdelois...................241 duke of Burgundy bad erected onil tie outside. duke of Anjou to Naples, orders a man to be 21 Tie mine which tile English had made at St. King Charles practices with the inhabitants of beheaded, who had boasted that he would give Malo fails. In consequence, the siege is raised..241 Nantes..........................................266 them possession of the castle del Ovo by en22. Sir Oliver du Gueselin is made prisoner by the 54. The English overrun the countries of Gatinois csatment.................... garrison of Cherbour...........................241 and Beauce. A French squire demands to tilt 89. The canon de Robersac makes another excursion 23. The French garrison of Bersat is defeated. The with an English squire; they both behave very contrary to tile will of the king of Portugal. town surrenders to the English. The king of gallantly.........................................267 and takes several places adjoining to Seville..... Navarre comes to Bordeaux, to solicit aid 55. King Charles of France is taken iii. His last 90. The canon and his companions gain much booty from the English............................242 words on his death-bed......................267 fiom the king of Castile. They mutiny against 24. The infiant of Castille besieges Pampeluna. Sir 56. The Lord de Hangest is near taken by the Eng- thie king of Portugal, who orders their pay to Thomas Trivet, in conducting succors to the glish. The lord de Mauvoisin remains their pris- be instantly delivered to them....................29 king of Navarre, takes several places in Gas- oner. The English cross the river Sarte in 91. The kings of Castille and Portugal assemble their cony firom the French...........................243 disorder.........................................268 forces. Peace made between them, against the 25. Sir Thomas'Trivet wvith the English come to the 57. The death of Charles the Fifth, king of France..268 will of tile English............................... succor of the king of Navarre. The siege of 58. ThIe English arrive in Brittany. The duke excuses 92. A joust between a French knight and an English Pampeluna is raised................. 4............A3 himself for having so long delayed coming to squire. Tlihe earl of Cambridge leads back his 36. The English and Navarrois overrun the kingdom meet them. They undertake together the siege army to England, with his son, whose betrothed of Spain. The events that befel them there.....244 of Nantes........................................269 wife, tile Inflanta of Portugal, is afterwards 27. Sir Thomas Trivet mrakes an excursion to the 59. The coronation of king Charles V[. of France....270 married to the king of Castille..................30 town ofAlfaro in Castille. Peace concluded Two additional chapters, which are only in one 93. Ghent is in great distress for provisions. They are between tile kings of Spain and Navarre. The of my MSS. and not in any printed copy........270 succored by the imnhabitants of Li6ge...........30 death of Henry king o' Spain. Ilis son John is 60. The earl of Buckinghlarn besieges Nantes. Sal- 94. The earl of Flanders sends a harsh answer to those crowned as his successor........................244 lies are made by the garrison...................271 who wishred to mediate a peace between him 28. Tile lord de Mucident turis to thie English. The 61. The mluke of Brittany explains his reasons for not and Ghent. ThIe populace, under tihe name of lord de Lagnnrrant is mortally wounded. The coming to the siege of Nantes. Thie garrison Maillotins, rise again at Paris....................3 governor of Pouteville is defeated, and the cas- continue most valiantly to make sallies..........272 95. The citizens of Ghent, after having henard from tie surrenders to the French...................245 62. The Englishs break up the siege of Nantes. The Philip Von Artavelt tie terms of peace which 29. Sir Thomas Trivet returns to England with his duke of Brittany sends handsome excuses to thIe hie had brought from the conference at Tournay, companions. His herald relates to the duke of earl of Buckinghamn.............................273 march out, to the number of five thousand, to Lancaster the particulars of tile death of king 63. Tilts ard tournaments are performed before the attack the earl of Flanders in Brnges............ 1 Henry of Castille, and the coronation of Ihis el- earl ot'f Buckinglhani between cetain French and 96. The order of battle of the Ghent men. They dedest son Don John............................246 English knights... 274 that tie earl of Flnders and time men of Bruges. 30. The earl of Flanders stops tie progress of an em- 64. The duke of Brittany makes his peace with the The means by owhich this was brougrht about....3 bassador from the kilig of France to Scotland: king of France. The English return ihone. A 97. Bruges is taken by tile Ghent army. The earl of this causes great dissensions between them.......246'combat between an English and a French squire.275 Flanders saves himself in the house of a poor 81. The duke of Brittany retires frnim Flainders to 65. Tile war recommences between the earl of Fainn- vworman n.............................3 England. Tine young count de St. Pol, while ders and thIe inhabitants of Ghent. TIhe men 98. The Ghent men spare tile foreign mnerchianits in a prisoner in England, marries..................247 of Ghent and of Ypres are discomfited by tie Bruges. Ti.e earl of Flanders quits Bruges, and 82. The duke of Arnjou makes war on Brittany. Sir ambuscades ofrthe earl of Flanders.............276 returns to Lille, whiither some of his people mad William des Bordes is taken prisoner by the 66. Tie towns of Ypres and Courtray turn to the earl already retrenated.......................30...... gtmrrison of Chierbourg..........................248 of Flanders. Ghent is besieged..................278 95. The conduct of the Ghent men at Eruges. All 3. Geoffrey TIte-Noir and Aymerigot Marcel. cap- 67. The earl of Flanders raises the siege of Ghent. the towns in Fla.nders surrender to tLem except talns attached to England, take several strong He defeats a great part of the army of Ghent, Oudenarde.......................................0 places in Auvergne and Limousin from the through thie self-sufficiency of Rasse de Iar- 10G. Philip Von Artaveld, on his return to Ghent, lives French.................................248 zelle, near to Nevele.............................278 in great pomp. ThIe earl of Flanners resdes in IL A schism in the church. Thie cause of it. The 68. Peter du Bois with the remainder of his army re- Lille...................................3X Bretons make war on tihe Romans. The queen tire to Ghent. Alfter having been in danger of 101. Philip Von Artaveld and the Ghent men lay siege of Napies gives up her territories to pope Clem- his life, he besieges Courtray...................279 to Oudenarde....................................3 ncut VII.................................... 2...249 69. Arnoul le Clerc, cantain of some troops of White 102. A detachment of tie Ghent army from Ibefore 35. Pope Clement goes to Avignon. He makes the Hoods, defeats several of the earl of Flanders' Oudeuarde, in overrunning the lands of their duke of Anjou magnificent presents. Sir Silves- nobiilty. He himinself is afterwards defeated and lord, burn somne villages on the frontiers of ter Budes andi his companions are belheaded.....249 slain..................................280 France, which causes a war between thie king 36. The state of Flanders befbre tihe war. Tihe causes 70. During this war, tihe rich citizens of Ghent are,rf France and thlem..........................3 of the disputes betwveen the earl of Fianders and sulbjugnated by thieir soldiers. Philip Von ArIa- 103. The duke of Burgundy instigates his nepliew king the Flemings. John Lyon introduces tie dis- veld is made governor of Ghent..............281 Charles to make war on Ghlient andl its allies, as tinction of White Hloods...................250 71. A war between tile kings of Castille and Portirgal.282 well in invenge fbor the burnt villages as to assist 37. By thIe exhortations of John Lyon, the inhabit- 72. The earl of' Cambridge sails for Portugal. The in the recovery of Flanders for tihe earl, who ants of Ghent send some of their principal citi- duke of Lancaster goes to thie borders of Scot- was his vassal....................................301 zens to the earl of Flanders, to demand the land, to make a truce with the Scots............262 104. Charles tie Sixth, king of France, from a dreamn, preservation of their liberties and firanchises. 73. Tihe populace of England rebel against the no- chooses a flying hart olr Iris device..............30.8 The earl requests these citizens to abolish the bility............................................283 10. During thie siege of' Oudenarde, tihe rebels entreat White Hoods....................................251 74. The populace of England commit many cruelties king Charles to maike peace between them and W. The White Hoods murder the bailiff of Ghent in on those in official situations. Tlhey send a thIe earl oh'Flanders. The king answers them tihe midst of the market. The houses and goods knight as embassador to the king................284 with contempt. They then endeavor to draw of the fimnnily of the Matthews are destroyed. 75. ThIe commonalty of England enter London, the English into all alliance with themn...........30 A grand confusion in Ghent........... 23.......252 where they commit many cruelties and out- 106. The embassadors fronl Ghent fiil in borming an 39. Twelve citizens of Ghent are deputed to the earl rages. They put to death the archbishop of alliance with England..........................30L of Flanders. ThIe White Hoods pillage and Canterbury and several others..............285 107. The messenger whlich tile Gihent men had sent to burn the castle of Andreghien, of which the 76. The nobles of England are in great danger of be- king Charles of France is delivered from prison. earl was,oery fond...........................254 ing destroyedl. Three of'the principal leaders of Some prisoners from Tournay anrd Courtray are 40. The death of John Lyon. The men of Ghent the rebels are punished, and the rest sent back exchanged hbr each other.......................311 choose captains to command them. Several to their homes............................286 108. King Charles orders commissioners to enter into towns in Flanders ally themselves with Glrent...265 77. A truce between the English and Scots. The certain treaties with tihe Flemnings. Theit mes 41. The men of Ghent besiege the town of Oude- duke of Lancaster remains in Scotland during sengers are imprisoned at the momen: they donarde on ill sides. They make a grand assault the rebellion in England.........................288 manded passports...................... on the earl of Flanders in Dendremonde.........256 78. King Richard journeys tlhrough England from 109. ThIe answer of Philip Von Artaveld to the French 42. Several assaults are made on Oudenarde. Peace town to town, punishing those who, had been commissioners, which hlie sent by a prisoner of concluded between the Flemings and the earl principals or active in the late rebellion. The war from Otdenarde............................11 of Flanders, by mneans of the lduke of Burgundy.257 duke of Lancaster returns from Scotland to 110. Philip Von Artaveld writes aftectedly civil letters 43. The duke of Brittany returns from England, at England........................................89 to Tournay. The French commissioners return the entreaty of his subjects. The English are Addlitions, from a MS. in the Hafod Library......289 to the king............................ 311 desirous of' marrying their young king. The 79. ThIe duke of' Lancaster conceives anger against 111. King Charles, after hearing tihe report of his camir knights of England sent to tie aid of the duke tihe dluke of Northumherland. ftbr the refusal of missioners, at the instigation oftle enirl of 1ilsnof Brittany meet with greant tempests at sea......258 admittance into Berwick.........................290 ders. who was present, assembles his army in 44. The town of Ghent sends embassadors to the earl W0. The earl of Cambridge anid his army arrive at Artoisagainst the Flemings. Pllilip Von Artaof Flanders, to ertreat him to come thither......259 Lisbon...........................................290 veld guards the passes into Fl:iders............ 3 45 The earl of Flainders enters the town of Ghent, 81. Tile earl of Flanders again lays siege to Ghent....290 112. Several knights of the party of thie e;vrl of Flanand secretly departs from ii. The wells of 82. The earl of Flanders raises the siege of Ghent. ders, having passed Pont-Amienin, are lde'eated Oudenarde are razed by the White Hoods, their Two rich citizens, desirous of negotiating a antd killed on their attemptto repass it, tile Flemallies and accomplices...........................259 peace between the earl and the town, are put to ings having broken down the bridge. Philip, 48. The men of Ghent surrender Oudenarde. They death by Peter du Bols and Philip Von Arta- hearing this news when at Ypres. makes use of destroy the houses of the nobles. A cruel and veld..............................................291 it to emicourage the inhabitants...................311 pitiless war renewed between the men of Glhent "83. An insurrection in Paris, on account of the in- 113. Order of the French army in its manirch to Finnsand tile nobility.............................'"'260 tended taxes. The lord de Coucy appeases it. dems, after they lad heard tine bridges wvene bro 47. The nobles mnae war on tine Flemings..........210 Tine duke of Anjou makes preparation fbr his ken and guarded............................... 48. The death of sir Bertrand du Guesclin, constable jonrneyto Naples.........................293 114. Some few of tire Frencci, not ineing oline ti, ros.i of France.......................................6 84.The F"..lishn make an expedition against the Span- the Lis mt tine bridlge of Cosrnmines, mini mlnnnnnns *. The duke of Brittanmy requests succor from the lards, contrary to the sin'lers of the king of Por of' dosing so, by boats and other crinit, rmnnk:nnssvn king of England. Time earl of Buckingham, tugal. The castle of Fighiere is taken..........29 to the Flemings...................................ia youngest son to the late king, is appointed com- 85. After the crnqnest of' the castle of Figihiere, the 115. A snnall body of French, having crossed tnine Lii. minander of tire expedition. 262.......... canon de Robersac, returning to his garrison, is draw up in battle array Inefore tile FIlesmirgs....:.g CO NIT N T S. xI cNAP. POAGE. CHUP. PAGE. I CHAP. Los, 116. The French who had crossed the Lis defeat, with tion, when the English quit Flarelers. tIe then I men very harshly. They return to France......3S great elaughter, Peter Du Bois and the Flemings. disbands his ariny...............................334 175. The state of Flanders. Two honest burgessas of The vanguard of the French army repair and 145. ThIe bishop of Norwiclh and those who accoes- Ghent negotiate secretly a peace with the duke pass over the bridge of Commines..... 3......316 panried him in hiis expedition, are badly received of Burgundy, with tile assent of Francis Atre111. Philip Van Artaveld takes measures to resist the on their return to England. Certain great per- men......................................5 force of the king of France. He receives an an- sonages are deputedl to negotiate a peace or 176. The two citizens fix on a day to assemrible their swer fiors Iris embassadors in England........,317 truce betweern tile kings of France and Eng- friends, to accomplish their plan., All Ghlient are 118 Tile king of France crosses the Lis at thIe bridge land. The duke of Bavaria dies..............335,unranirnous fr peace, notwiths tand dring the atof Cominines. The town of Ypres surrenders 146. During these conferences, tie Ghent men insul t tenipts to prevent It by the governor for the king to hitm.........................................317 Tournay. A truce isconcludedl between the of England and Peter du Bois................... 119. The king of France receives information of t riot kings of France anrid Englaind and their nallies....336 177. Sir Johln d'Elle brings letters patenit of pence arind anqc.g thIe'Parrisianrs. Several places in FPlan- 147. Tile earl of Flanders dies. Tire ceremony of his pirdion to tihe len sf' Ghent, fir'o tile duke of ders surrender to him.....................318 funeral...................................336 Burgundy. Tins peace is confirmedl at Tour12). Tihe king of France lodges in Ypres. Peter Du 148. The earls of Northumberland anrd Nottirngham nay by other letters patent on ench side..........351 Bois prevents Bruges fi'om surrendering to tire raise a body of English to make an excursion 178. The treaty of peace between duke Philip of Burking. Philip Van Artaveld assembles his forces into Scotland. Embassadors are sent fiom gundy, earl of Flarinlers, in right ofI his withe, to cornmbant thile French..........................318 France to Scotland, to notify tile truces which with thIe town of Ghent and its allies............. 3 121. Philip Van Artaveld, having entertained Ihis cap- had ibeen made between France and England...338 179. Peter uiu Bois, after tie conclusion of tie peace, tains at supper, gives them instructions how they 149. Tie barons iand knights of Scotland, in corijunc- retires to England with thie lord Bourchier, are to act on the morrow at the battle of Rose- tion with some French knights, undiertake an governor of Ghlient...........3..8..............58 becque. Wonderfurl apipearances in tie hot- expedition into England without the knowledge vens are seen during the night....................319 of tile king of Scotland, who sends ait herald to VOLME I. 11 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~VOLUME III. 132. King Ciharles entertains at supper!Iis uncles and mnake his excuses to the king of England........338 soneic others of his principal barons on tihe eve 150. The truces which had been inade between tile 1. Froissart gives hIis reasons for visiting tie count of' tie battle of Rosebecqne. The constable de French, the English, anrid their allies, are pro- de Foix.38......................................... Clisson is excused fi'om attending tihe king's per- claimed in Scotland. The French knights, on 2. A short repetition of what is contained in some son rduring tie battle...........................320 their retuirn tirom Scotland, are in great danger of the preceding chapters, for the better snder-.2-. Philip Van Artave. d and his Flemin gsis quit the fiomn the eZealaders....................ni... atanding thie history of tihe war between king strong positioni tiey han tnkeyh in tile morning, 151. The lord Destournay assemble s forces to retake John ofCasille anrid tile bastard of Portugal, to encamnp orn Mtoist D'Or, near tio Ypres. The Oudennacre. He cnrnuers it by stratagem.......3430 brother to tile lte king don Fernando..........33 constable and admirna. of France, with thie bas- 152. Tile duke of Anjou ries at it castle near Naples. 3. The count de Foix, sit tile entreaty of the printardl of Langres, set out to reconnoitre their His widow is adivised to solicit tile Pope for thie cess of Wales, remits thie count d'Armagnac situion.........................................320 possession of I'rovence...........................3t sixty thousand francs out of his ransomn of two 2.''Thie battle of [unoselecmtue, between tile French 153. Preparatiocns are nmade in hirance fIr the rennewal hundred and fifty thousand. Tie English and,'lemings. Philip Vaii mirtael d i s slait, mOf the W1Lr witrh Englanu. Tile dlucihess of Bra- garrison at Lounde governs the adjoining counaind his whole anrmy defte d......................1 bnt succee is in fiing a marniagne tetwee n time try...............................................3 23. The nunlmber of' slain at tile ltin e nf Rosehecqnre chilld:en of Burgundy and those of' lainault.... 341 4. Sir John Froissart, in his journey toward Beamn, iand mur-u it alitrtis' Philtp Van Artaveld 154. Thie ding nnand tile nobnles of Ptrir ie inci flaiuiau lt is accornpamnied by a knight attacihed to tile im mingerl r'fter hie is emid. I'lihe sim-ie of' )itde- lay in gomat pirovisinn of stores' at Canbray.i count he lIoix, who relates to him how the garnarde is raised. Paler I)u B is r1creusi: to ilment. Tile duke of Lanc'ster sc nms emnli'ssadors to rison of Luinrde took Ortingans andt Le Pallier, TI'e kiun"g iof' Frrance fixe s hm quarles it th, tin eanrl nsf itimaulmu. it Ie inuarriag e s of tie on ti renewal of thie war i Guyenne, after the torn rfm C' s..irt!mr m. o...............................f. chldren ofBurgundly amnl a [ mlaimult tare coin- rupture of the peace of Bretigny................31 126. Brmuge suh' nmis tro thie kinJu's nierv I'y.'(The Corntm clmuded................................S1 5. Sir John Froissart amid the knight of Foix arrive tie moits -mirds thie mcountry of' n1ainault fi' 1mi5. Thus e dmke,f Berry betlroti ~ his doughter io time at Causseres, where the knight relates to him tihe ben"g psll:ed. Tihe inhinitai'its of (;i' ent gain.on i' thie count le tnois. Thlie dulke ofn Bout - capture of tie town by the Armagnacs, and coumiage fimln Peter Du iBos.....................3 ia min I tine count de la'1atarire issue their suim- also thie recapture of it by the count de Foix% 7. e tretat'y bet Neen the English andl Flemnings is minus to invmle Litnousini........................34 and, as they journey, they converse on different broken. Tihe kini of France departs fiom 156. Sin John de Vienne, admiircal of i'ranrce, ai/ls to fbats ofarms between tihe Armagnacs and FoixFlamnlers......................r..............3 Scotland, to carry orn thie nwar agains.t the ELim- lens.3............... LJ. Vai'mttemnps indnile for pence betweene tile kin"g! ish at thie expir) tion of tile truce...............342 6. Froissart continues hisjourney with thie knight of of Itrn'ie andi thient. Tie kini, on his return 157. The rillnaers of Gihentm, surmnamred Porkers, corn- Foix, who relates to hrimn several particulars relato P;iris, orders tile chains to be taken away timat mit uirch misihier Franci s Atremen defbas tive to the sieges of Brest anrd Berval, and how barricaided thie streets. te severely punish'es te somne French troops near Ardenmbourg...........343 the duke of Anjou recovered Malvoisin arind Prisi s...................................324. The duchess of Aijou urges er claim to the prs- riglet fo tie English........................8 -3. Severanl of thie principal citizenis of Paris are be- session of Provence. Galeas Viscmnti, count the 7. Froissart continues his journey. In travelling headed iesit Jim F Des B'larets, ndl mai'ny othlers Vertus, orders his uricle, Barnabo Visconti, to from Tournay to Tarbes, tihe knight relates to im, tihe diilrlreit towins aind citries in Franice........32 be imprismoned.........3....................343 him how tire garrison of' Lourde had a sharp biO. Thle Gtheli minen renew tihe war. The eanrl of i;'an- 159. Wiltinm de Ligmnic, seneschial of Saintonge for rencounter with thie Frenclh from tihe idj;Lcent ders becomnes an object of' hnatred to tihe Eng- thie kingm o' Frunce, coquIers firom the Eingl/h garrisons, with several particulars touching the lish..............................................3 u25 tile castle of Ai-le. T'ie army of thie duke of siege of Lonrdte, and the denthi of tile governor, "1i. Pope 1Urban senls bulls into Ennlanmtl uor thie de- 3BorIthumn takes ilontlieu, anrid tile bridge of who would nriot surrender it to his relation the stic,:tiin of the Cierrenlists.'Tle Iishiop ohfNor-'Tallebourg, while besieging that place..........344 count ide Foix....................................3 wicih aprpointed con nmander-i l-chiie f against Ig0. Sir John (e Vienne, adnmiral of France, arrives in 8. During tihe journey from'Tarbes to Mo'lens tihe themn ot di..................................26 Scotland with hris army. Hle meets with bad knight of'Foix relates to Froissart tihe quarrel 132. The bishop of Norvist-i, commander of the ung- treatment there.................................. 345 and reconciliation between the duke of Berry hsh in the croisande of Urbhin agaiintre the Cle- 161. Thie town of Ardesmbourg narrowly escapes be- and the count de Fouix —and also tie caiuse of tirhe:enlists, diisembarkis at Calais with his army of ing taker by surprise by Francis Atremnen anid war between him andt tie count d'Armagnacmc....311 Urbin-ts.... ~..................................326 Iis Ghent men..................346 9. Sir John Froissart arrives't Ortlhes. An old 33. Th'ile bishop of ior wih, commander of the Ur- 1. Lewis of France, brotherto king Charles VI., is squire relates to him the cruel death of the only banisis. enters l amntlers contrary to the opinion married by procuration to Margarot of Hungary. son of tire count de Foix, and how strange dreams of sir tlurh Calverley. iThe enarl ef Fltnders Madame de Brabant causes the daughter of affected sir Peter de Bearn, bastard-brother of sends ernbnasadors to thie bishop, who returns a duke Stephen of Bavaria to come to France to the count.........................................30 miarsh answer....................................327 marry king Chis.rles..............................346 10. Thle count (e Foix holls solemnn hbstivals oil the 134.'ihe bishop of' Norwich manriches towsard Dun- 163. Francis Atremnen takes Danmmie. Those of Bruges feast of' St. Nicholas and at Christmanrs; dimring kirk. tie defeats twelve thousand Flemings and attempt to retake it..................I.......... 347 which Froissart becomes acquainted with le Bastakes tihe town...................................328 164. King Charles espouses the Lady Isabella of Ba- tot de Mauleon, who relates to him, amon othller 135. The Engliish, urder the command of tihe bishop varia. He besieges Damme........... 348 things, how several of tihe captains of tile free of Norwnich, having conquered all the coast 165. Some citizens of Shlys are belheaded for treason companies were defuated before the town of from Graveilnes to Sluys, Inay siege to Ypres.....329 to the French. Thie dukie of Burgundy acquires Sancerre —how lie surprised tihe town of T'hurie'-. Tire oe f GiCnent assist thle Euglish in their siege Sluys from sir VWilliam de Naimur, by an ex- in the Albigeois, andl how one of the name of of' pres. ThIe lord De St. Leger going to rein- change fbr thie lands of' Bethune..........3...348 Limousin revenged an outrage committed afi-rce the garrison of Courtmr y, my orders of tile III. Francis Atremen and his nien abandon Danm e. gainst him by Louis Raimbanut.................. 371 kimng of F rance, is deinated by a pUrty of Eng- Thie town is destroyed by tihe French; they also 11. A short recapitulation of what has been before lish near Cournmines............................. 330 ruin tihe country of tihe Quatre Mestiers.......... 348 said of the war between king Jomhn of Castile k37 Thie biship ofi Liege, nriot beining nable to brhig 167.'The king of France leaves Flanders, and dis- uand John of Portugal.'This subject continued..371 about a peace betwcen the bishop of Norwich bands his army. During the time fie is atParis, 12. Tile inhabitants of Santarem rebel nagaintrst some andi tihe arl of Filn'lders, returns houme........... 330 treatie with embassadors fiom Hungary, of tihe mens-at-armrs of Castille. T'ie king oh 138.'The kiinm of' France issues a grand summons, news arrives that the Maarquis de Blancquefbrt Castille, having raised the siege of Lisbon, wmil.il the intention ofm raising the siege of Ypres. hind forcibly unmarried the heiress of Hungary.....349 marches toward that town, when it makes its Some of tile earl of' Flmnuders' men are defeated 161. The duke of Bourbon takes Verteuil in Poitou, peace............................................I21 by the Engmish before the church of Enienin.....310 and returns to the king of France at Paris....... 350 13. Tihe Spaniards are jeaous of the French arind 13 Thie Furlis m anld Ghent men makne a sharp at- 169. Thle Scottish anrmy, with that of thIe audmiral of Bearnois. F'ive hundred EnglishI arrive to serve tacnk ou Ypres; thut, learning thiat tihe king of France, enter Northlumberland; butthe Enlish thIe king of Portugal..........................1.7 Fraice r lnd h archedl n arnrmy into Artois, they bein- on their march to meet them, they retreat 14. T'he king of Portugn-al issues hiis orders thr thie arny in-st:l Ine: k Ip tile siege......................332 within tihe iborders................................350 to march toward Santnarern. The king of CasD14 Duke Freder-ick of Bavaria arrives at the army 170. Sir John Holland kills lord Rnalph Stloifrd. tille quits that place to meet him.................37 of thie king nnf France. Count Guy de Blois, Thie earl of Stafford demnands justice filom the 15. The Portuguese finotii, thernselves, near tile church nomwithmstanludirg his ill mhenalth, comes to Arras kinmg.............................................351 of Aljubarota, by tihe advice of the English. titended lv hiis rmien-at-arms...................... 332 I'7. Thie king of England destroys the abbey of Mel- King Joihn of Castille, through tihe counsel of MI. T'he vs-mu of ther French army takes Cassel and rose in Scotlnud. The barons of France and the French anid Beamsnis, resolves to fight them. Tiniruemi'. The Enughlish abandion Bergues, and Scotland invwde Cumberiand....................8'2 The hatreds nmiid jealousies of the Castiiian s still mretire to Bnoulounr", wherein the sinf oFrance 172. TImus king of Engclanmd destroys Edinburgh, and conutirnue ngaiinnst the foreigners................,.., hnesiee them.................................... 33 great pnnrt of Scotland. T'he French and Scotn 16. The battle of Ahjuolarnota, in which the French 143. lrianuuis A re:-neni sumrprise s Oudlenarde in tine night- do tin same on the borders and in Nortimumber- and Beamrnois, in the interest of Castille, are detim.e.........311 la...r.......................................eate m nisinhy the Pocttgue se, for nut being 143. Aimerigot -inrcet, an Enlish Captain on the 173. The e-re of Suffolk prevents the king of Enghind properly sumppor:ed iy thie Castliians, who were borders of Auvergne, takes my strutagemn tre firom pnrsuinug the Frenchi and Scots who mad in- jenlous of them. They afterwards nmeet thi castle of Mnarquel. Tire courtess Dauphrine vadedl England.'le Enighlish arery return hmome same fate......................................I..8 ransoms it hmr five throusandi f'nrncs............33.4 time same way they had entered Scotland. The i7. The king of Cestille, after his defeat at AijnsbaI44L'lhe king of France orders Bonrbourm to be at- French and Scots return in a similar mnanner.....353 rota, retreats to Santarem. T'lme kimg of Portu tacked. It im aurrmldered to him by capitula- 174. The Smcots treat the admiral of France and his gal returns to Lisrbon. A truce is concluded tse xii C ONT E N TS. CHAP PAGE. CHAP. PAGE. CHAP. PasS tween them........................................381 48. The duke of Lancaster makes war on Arragon. Noya in Galicia. Tie EInglish are received at 18. The count tie Foix in rapidly, anti in a secret Thse archbishop of Bordeaux is released. The the barriers, by Barruis des Barres and his cornmanner, informed of what bad( happened at Al- viscountess of Castle-Bon, suspected of having panions................................4 jubarota. Froissart, ill co:sequence of this, admitted the iEnglish into her castle, appeases 75. The king of France sends some of his nobles to relates a story iwhich had been told him of a fL- the king of Arragon, through the interference of demand firom thle duke of Brittany thile reason o miliar spirit, called Orthon, who served the lord the count de Foix.................................fG the insult oflored to hinim in tihe persoin of hliis conde Cornsse in the like nanner................... 382 49. Those companions whlio had conquered Duren, stable, sir Oliver de Clisson.....................';: 19. Siege is laid to Brest. St. Forget, and several ate defeatedl nud slain by a stratagent of Ray- 76. Froissart mellntions thIe person liom whsvni lie I earnt other English garrisons in the environs of Tou- omend de Baclhez, cousin to thile king of Arra- the arrest of the constable tle Clisson: who likelouse, are recovered by the French.............384 gon.......................................416 wise informs him that sir Bertrand du Guesclin t Thle castle of Conivalle is stormed by the French. 50. An achievement of arms peribormned before the ought to be stiled Du Gl'y-Aquin.........._. 44 Somse other fortresses turn to the French in- senesclhal of Bordeaux, betwveen a knight at- 77. Embassadors fiom the king of France wait onI terest.........................................385 ached to France and one aittached to England..417 tihe duke of Brittany respecting thie arest of his il. A short digression onI thIe manners of the English 51. Sir Oliver tde Clisson delivers John of Blois. son constable. The duke, having heard them, gives and Gasconss in thile time of Frossirt.............386 of the late lardl Charles of Blois. f'om his iong them hIis anser...........'........................'4 22. The arrival of Leon, king of Armenia, in France, imprisonment i Englsnd. iandi gives him his 78. Thile dukes of Yorkr and Gloucester, uncles to the on uwhichl occasion FroAssnrt describes the state daurlghter ili marriage, to the great displeasure king. coitderate, with othiler barons, sagainst of Genoa in his timse, and relates thie death of of tile duke of Britay..........................417 him and his council. Thie people sre dlisconthe king of Cyprus..........387..............387 52. France miakes prepasrations to inassist king John of tented with the lduie of Irelanid. The Laon23. ThIe kint ot Arsienict relates issy stories of the Castile. The duke of ourbosn is appointed doners, through the ienis of the duilke o'iurks al I Tartars...............................388 coommander ii-chief of the Frenclh army........418 Gloucester andi his friends, obtain frio thie kinig, 24. Continuatisn of the intelligence which the king 53. T'le Esgiish fleet derihats that of sir John de that a (lay slihouldl be ixed bii those whio isd of' Arienia rela te to the barons orf'France...... 88 Bucq, alir al of Ftsanders tbfr the duke of Bur- managed tie liuanices to rendIer an account of 25. Duringt het. wars of tehe Turks, dissensions cos- gundy.'Else tiagisnh, after doinig muchi mischief them......;......................................43 tinnue betweens tie twio piopes, Urbmi VI. and to Sluys, and that part of the country. return to 79. ThIe comminissioners of accounts conlemn sir SiClesmest VII. Friar. Jl lm ile la Roche-Taillade Londl.......td.................................419 mnon Barler to be insrisoed in thie TIwer of delivers a good apologue. respecting the pa- 54. The kisn' of iPortugal sends ensbasnadors to thle London. Sir Tlhoi-s s Tirivet is killed iiy a fall pacy, to tile cardiLls..........................390 duke of Lancaster to conclude his imarriage Ifrsom his hssse. Sir as iiml Fhs1 is cqit26. The reasons s whyl thie Portguiese preer tile Grannl with tie lad'ly ilsilippa. Sir Barrois des Btires tell of hiaving taken orsiney fu thie sirreider of Master of Avis sir tlseir ings to dIon John, king is orderedl by the kiehng of Castille to the crstne cof Bourbossurg and Gravielis ies.....................t of Castille, wNho Ih s ud murried Bieatrice, daugh- Noya............................................420 80. The king o"f Etssgl'il sisug. nit tlsi loJdon, sir Sitier of sdon Ferdinandl lte king of Portugal....391 55. Thie dkse of Lawncaste r sends a reinl'brcenie nt to snon Burley is ene:sletd, to trle great dislp!ensure 27. Froissart traIvels to Middleburlgh il Zealaud, to the siee of Rilndavia. On that town iiing ta- of te kin d queen. A cae of ie i d un c se oftie minmake inquiries fiorna ". inigIt, who is going to Iken iby storiii, In ures ista tly snurrenders....... 420 isry..............................................441 Prussia, of tihe ahiffairs of' Prttug"l................391 56. Tmhe lady tit'lippa of sLancaster is mrrie, by 81. W thine tile couI, onts thie nat oI' oifI rntitn, is 28. ThIe Portuguese, siter tile battle of AljUhtsriota, procuratio, t, the kiing of Portugal. Thie cere- sitting Ut Lontdon, kisng Richard, tby tihe asvice send emibassadors to EngElaud to innirin -i. king` monuy is a"ain perforiued uith great nm:gnifti- of tle dukie uof hetnd, deteraisies to wsage wvar and his nobles of thiat event.....................392 3 cence am d fass'i'm st Opsrto....................421 agan it t5 ncle and tile pirti imits l tswi s......is 29. Lawreu e Fongasse, one of' the nembassnadors 57. Th e tIns of L' rcote r manrches isis arnoy to En- 82. The kisng of 1_.and isul es hiis sin er.- int' olr cil afiom Portugal ito Eingland, relates t. the duke tenocn. Tihe ithuibitunts sendl, with tile consent pablo of bear:mug arins iii thie titisishrhsti uf of Lancasmter the events whncli sah Ia hitpenedl in of the duke, to thie ukin of (astille fir succor....422 Bristol to msnarch t(, Lstdosn. Sir ls;sierti TresiPortugal since the earl of Cambridge al;nad tel it it.393 58. IThe duchess of Lanciaste asid Ihr lsiher ughter visit t isaa, sciit thithser is a spy, is din:LatveF, umad lbe 30. The e imbassadors firorn Portugal relurn Ns ith sat- the killn as d queen of Ptorttugl. Tile inhasbit- headed by u'mia'di of the kiflg's utclcaes........443: isiactory arnswers. The d uke of Lancaster ers- ants.f ] ntenc, ireceivingg neither answser nor 833. When tie tets t lne death (s si Roert't'rebarks on tn expedition to recover tiasLile.......393 succr fromii the king of Ca'stille, surrender to the silian is brosghit to the arc'lu bi.si"p uf'York, nlnd 21. 1Mainy Frenchi knights and squires ofuer their ser- duke,of Lancaster, accordinss to the terms of sir Nichnl Is branmlber, timey c')intmm thie king in vices to the king of Castile.................39 their treaty....................................... his intenti Of making wa his uclres. The 32. TIhe lduke of Lsucaster, in his voyage to Csastile. 59. The coelt she Foixs perums tile French captains duke of Irein il, us Lieutemianrt-(Genea I, ieI,s attacks tihe Frenchi belare Brest, asl[ forces themn to pass through his territories, on condition they thie arry to Oxfird..............................4-4 to raise thie blocknade............................400 pay fir lhatever thiey tiake. Tlihey arrive at St. 84. The duke of I'reland nids threei kniglts to Ln33. The duke oif sa cster armrives n ti Comrunna in Ga- Jean Pied de Port, at thIe entranta of Navarre...423 dout n ito lern itelligerCe. Ti;e dtines of Yorki uicia. hshe French, in the servnce of Spain, en- 60. Sir John m1ollandsh and sir Reginald De Roye per- anid GCioucesner tale Ie tField agsuinsst thie luke of ter tihe castle to oppose him. They shortly afler form ua tilt, inu tile town of Eiitenca, before thIe Ireland s l o is h rim y........................... s4 defeat a party'f Iis fbragers.................... 400 king and qsueen of' Prtugal and the dukle and 85. Wie king's um o les gailu a victuory over thie duke,f 34. Tihe duke of Lancaster, alter remaining befonre duchess of Lancaster............................ 424 lrehlrid, svho nsavehs himae cf by flight wirth others Cormusna upswardl eotra month, mnarches Ihis artmny h. The king of Portuguel promises to enter Castille of his arsIly.......................................,11 to Saintt Jagu, whichi surrenlders on capitulaiurin.401 awhile tile d;tke of Laincaster finishes thie con- 86. ThIe luke o' Irelanrd swilh sosisme of Iis comipan35. Tile Fremsh Iknigs hts leave Cruntna, ands joini tile quest of Gaicia, and then to unite their firues..42,6 ions escapes intso Iolh ssnd. iue aruhbtlshop of king of Castille. The acqtuire mcntlcn h tealsth by 62. Sir illtalia'le L/gname andi sir W'ailter de Ilassac Cainteibury is snit by tile dukes f 5uYork and pilundering the country, in order to firustrate tihe traverse the kingdom of Nsavarre with their Gloucester to treat ntlith the kiiiss. lie comiucts Engilish..........................................402 armuy, sand arrive at Brges.'where they meet the him with lour to LodOn.......................445 3.. Great preparations are made throughout France kine of I astille..................................42 87. The i6il-m Iy tin advice of Iis uncles'Ld couif;ur the invasion of England. The deatth of 63. Iany plans are off'rerd to the king of Castille for cil, summmons the nosbility and co'in.moners of time Francis Alremnen.................................402 carrying on thie nwar; le is determinedl by fithe reanlm ro a parliamssent at Weestminster, and to 17. The French put themselves to tuseless expense on commanders of the French force to delrn an en- renew their honusge to him..................... 44$ their marine. Tile English makse judicious pre- gaigement until the arrival of the duke of Iour- 88. The king of Portugal and duke,f Laincasner parations to oppe;se them........................ 403 ban, and to make excursions from the different unite tiheir forces. When distressedl to cross tile 33. The king of Portugal, when in fbrmed of the dskne g arrisons........................................D4i river Duero, a G alcian squire, prni.;oner of war, of Lanca.ster's arrivsal at Saint Jago, writes him 64. The constable Ie Clisson makes great prepars- directs themi to ford............................447 fhiendliy letters. The kitng of Castille demands tions to imvade England. Mucih muurmuring and 89. Sir Walter de Passac and sir Wiinam de Ligimac succors from Fran'ce. The town of Rouelles discontent in England against king IRichard and advise the king of Castile not to rislk a buattie in Galicia taken by the English............ 4...404 his council.................................428 befiIre the arrival of he duke of Bourbn A 3. ThIe marshaln of thIe dulnke of Laurcaster's arnay at- 65. The constable of France with several others party of thIe English skirmish with tile garrison tacks and gains by treaty thie town of Villeclope make preparations to invade England. The of Vilalpando. The duke of Lancau:te"le is di is Galicia. The dluke sendls embassadors to the duke of Brittany practices to prevent this ex-'pirited by his own ill health and thie great sickking of Peorl.nga to arrange an interview be- pedition..........................................429 ness of his armvy..............................4 tween themn...................................... 405 66. The duke of Brittany summons his barons and 90. Thle duke of Lancaster disbands his arry. 40. The duke of luancaster its an interview wvith the knights to a council at Vannes. Sir Oliver de Three gisglshn knights. having obtaiu ed pas sking of Portugal A marriage is agreen upon Clisson and the lordi de Beaumanoir are made ports, walt on thie king of Castilie, to neno between thie king and thIe lady Philippa, daugh- prisoners in tile castle of Ermine, and'n great tiate a retreat fur thie smen-at-arnms through his ter of tile dnke.................................407 danger of their lives..................40 kingdom..........................................4 41. Tbe duke of Lancaster's nmarshal gains for him 67, The constlable de Clisson, through time exertions of.'Tihe Engliihs einbassadnors obtain passports i'ouus several plIces in Galicia. The conduct of tihe the lord Ide Laval, obtains his tiberty, by paying the king fir tlheir sick to pass in safbty throughl kiiig of' Glasille..........................408 a l nrge sesums of money, and deliveringi, up to the Castille, or to remnain there to reciver tlhir 42. Tile hs ing of Fraince goes to Lilln, withI tne iiitent duke of Brittsmny some of his castles............. 431 health. lumany kiiighlits rind squluires lie in (asnstile. to invade' ngland. Sir Simon Burley advises 68. ThIe lors de Beauiemnoi r is set at liberty by the The duke of Lancaster dangerously i ll t uSaint thne reumuoval of thle shrine of St. Thomas h duke of Brittany, that he may collect the ran- Jago...........................................4...41 Becket fi'om Canterbury to l)over castle, for fear soms r tr he constanble, who obtains his freedom 92. Sir John Holland tuakes leave ol tie duke of of tile French................................411 on surrendering the places agreed on.'he im- Lancaster, and returns with Ihis lady th-ough" 43. Thie king of' France visits his fleet ant Sluys. The prisonment of thIe constable is known at the Castilhe, Navarre, and IBayonne, to BorUideaux king of Armienia crossesto EniLland to attempt court of France.................................431 Sir John d'Ambreticourt goes to Paris, to ac a reconciliation beiseen the two kirngs. The 69. The duke of Brittany dictates tile terms of the crmplish a deed of mnr s with the hars Bouusswer lie receives...............................412 treaties, lus the surrender of different places by cicaut............................................4 44. The dukle of Berry leaves Paris for Sluys. Th'lie the constabhle. The expeditions from Treguier 93. The duke of Bourbon, on leaving Avvnonm, con constable, after sulairinrn many delays finom and Iarfleur sire broken up. The constable, on tinues his march to Burgos, where he meets the c,,ntrary w inals, at length jminss te Icing of hIis deliverance, makles his compitint to the Ining king of Castille. The (lie of Laicaster, ibeing FnI'rntce...........................................413 of' France, and resigns to him hIis office of con- infotrned of thlia, addresses hinself to thie king 45'hu s Iord de Gcustel!es appena ses an insurrection of stable............................................432 of Portugal. Thle duke of Bourbon, ater a the imen of Biruges ngo int tie French. The 70. The duke of Gueldres sends a challenge to short stay, tnkes.leave of the kingt cf Castille, invasion of En'la nd is miae"un's ni (su ascounst of France, in favor of Engtlasnd.....................433 and returnis to France...........................451 CUntuitar' aindu, tise neasr natpr:mncti of winter, 71. Ts'o BIretnn cnpttins, havln~ v aliantly deslnfled 94,' Tle const de Foix receives the duke of Benustison sasd in contirns..ty sithm time add'ice of the dhuke the town of Orense againut the dusae of Ilnncns- most magnifice ntly, and makes him hranusls once of Berry, which causes greuit rejoicinugs in timing- ter, cusisitllshte on tetms oflred by the Enozlgsh..., ~a~ presents. Tile men-at-arms who ssere ustder sir amind............................................413 72. The kiing of Pumtntmmgl, hieing repulsed in his at- staltsr Ie Passac ansI sir William de Lignac 1. Tws'o chualsmpion ss tilt tnt Ptari for lith usr diestim......414 temsphts to stornm thie castles of Sauatarenn, burns snak thie toesti of St. Phagon, onu their depnartore -7.'lTie death of Peter. sing of Acragon. Hbis suc- the tossn. Hie marcrhes to Ferro in Gahlicdia......435 frsom Castille. The king is very wreth for this cessor, kings John, detmuins Ipriooner time arch- 73. The king ofPortugal, not being able to take Fer- against the two captains, wnmho had remained bishop of Bordeaux, wsio was negotintims ng, fbr rol by storm, gasins it by an amnbuscade, and with him.........................................432 the duke of Lancaster, thue paymenut of' certain puts in msnder the rInedience of thie duIe of Lan- 95. The duke of Lancaster leaves S.int hago for Cosumns whichi he claimed as tne to him fieom Ar- caster............................................435 imbra, and thence goes to Bayonne........... 4 ragOn..n.............4...........153 74. Thie army of time duke of' Lancaster comes before 96' Thle count J'Armagnac takes great pabsa to pre CONTENTS. xIn EIMAP. PAGE. CHAP. PAGE. CHAP. PAslvail on the free companies to give up their forts 117. l'errot Le B6arnois takes the field by command 138. The duke of Guehhres is made prisoner in Prussia: for a sum of money. The count tie Foix, un- of the earl of Arundel, who lands Ihis forces at and, though delivered by the knights of the dersand, prevents his success.................... 453 iMarafs, near La RIochelle......................473 Teuto_ ic order, htie returns to keell his tI'ith to 97. A digression on tine quarrel between the hous es 118. The Rochiellers skirmish with the English near the person who had taken him........;..........49(: of Brabant and Gueldres. The life of count Marans. The English, after pillaging tile 139. Sir Joln de Vienne, having received his answer Reginald of Gueldres and his successors, until country round, retire with their booty to their from the king of Castilte, returns to France. the reign of Charles VI. of France. The duke fleet. Perrot le B6arnois does the same to his The duke of Lancaster proceeds in the marriage of Gueldres, being an ally of England, sends fort, with a great deal of plunder................474 of his dasgiter to the infant of Castille. The his challenge to France. Tihe cause of this 119. The Brabanters press Grave hard by their siege. earl of Arundel, having made somne cruises on challenge........................................454 The Gueidrians burn a bridge the Brabanters the coasts of Normandty, returns with Ihis leet OS Froissart returns to the quarrel between the houses had thrown over the Meuse, to enter Gueldres...475 to England.......................................491 of Brabant and Gueldres, which Ise had left un- 120. The Brabanters, havisng passed through Itaves- 140. The lord Lewis de Sancerre visits the count de finished in tile preceding chaoiRer, ansd continues tein, enter Gueldreland, and are defeated by the Foix at Orthds. A steed of arms is performed, the history of tihe dukes of Gueldres to duke duke of Gueldres. The siege of Grave is raised before the dukre of Lancaster at BordIen ux, beWillianm, who sends his chiallenge to Charles in consequence.................................475 tween five French and five Englishmen..........491 VI., king of France..................... 4.....455 12t. The duke of Gueldres, after the defeat of the 141. ThIe duchess of Lanaenster carries her daugihter to I A continuation of thle history of tile quarrel be- Brabanters, returns to Nimneguen. On the news Castilie, to marry ht-r to tile infnt. il]aving tween Brabant and Gueldres. On thie death of of this victory, tile king and council of France found the bones of her iather, shie ihais themi dukle Wenceslaus, the young William of Ju- send emnbassadors to tile emperor of Germany, conveyet to Seville, and buried with regal obseliers, duke of Gueldres, endeavors by every the more securely to carry on the War against quies..........................................492 mneans to regain the three castle. He allies Gueldreland.....................................476 142. The duke of Berry negotiates so successfully himself to the king of England, because France 122. The king of France and his council permit the with the count de Foix, that lie sends to him supports the rights of the widow-dluchliess of duke of Brittany to return home.'I'he ststes of his cousin of Boulogine, whomn lie instantly Brabant........................................457 Brabant send excuses to the king of France, for miarries............................492 10C The duchess of Brabant sends embassadors to not allowing his army to pass through their 143. Certain prudent men negotinte a truce, tfor three France for assistance against the rluee of Guel- country. Time success of the embassadors with years. between the French and English, and all dres. They arrive at the samne time the duke's tie emperor..................................477 their allies........................................43 challenge is brought, and receive fiLvorable an- 123. The count de Uhmis sends two hundred lances to swers...................4.....................458 serve the king in his expedition to Gueldres. VOLUME IV. 101 Concerning thie rumors of thIe signs of sanictity The emabassadors bring itvorable answers from which were manifested by the cardinal de Lux- th e emperor of Germany. Tihe king of France I. Froissart relates his travels after he had left Or embsurg after his death. The extraordinary continues his march toward thIe fbrest of Ar- th6ds...............................493 end of the king of Navarre.....................459 dennes. Sir Helion she Lignace makes Ihis report 2 Queen Isatbella of France makes her public entry 103. Tihe idukie of Berry besieges Ventiadlon..........460 to thIe duke of Berry, touching his marsrinage with into the city of Paris.........................494 103. The iunae of Burgundi y senldS finu hundred spears the daruglhter of the duke of Lancaster..........478 3. Sir John de Cliatel-Morant brings lrom England to the duchess of Brbhant. They surprise iand 124, Tile principal barons of Scothlnd assemble in the truces for three years, sealed by king 11ichburn the town of Seauile in Gtueldrei............460 arms to make war on England. They learn ard and his allies. Lewis of Anjo, king of D14. Gero..ne de tlautI raint. one of tihe cnptiains of from a spy whiom they take prisoner that tie Sicily, is betrothed and married to a dnsghter of Pernnt le tBnarnois. havia,. been irade prisoner English are acquainted with their intentions.....479 the king of Arrntgon...497 Drv Jihn Boone-Kance. at nloeulerantt in Anu- 125. TIme Scots form their aromy into two divisions 4. Tie i f Fnnce is desirous of visitig the isverg:e, finds umeans, after hmis iransomn was naid, one, under the command of sir Archibald tant pirts (if his kingiom. At thi request of tie to put le Idnarnoi s in possessinn of Montferrant..411 Douglas, mnarches to Carlisle, amid tile other to lord de Coucy, lie osters tile dome of' Irtlnd out 105. Perrot ie B6aruois and his scoumspsainus determiine Nescastle on Tyne, commanded by the earl of of France........................................ 497 mtii to keep possession uf Moetterarsit. Tihey Doughts, at thie barriers of which place he con- 5. King Charles of France visits his uncle the duke manke a ssll on somie troops fiom Clermont, quers tile pennon of sir Benry Percy............480 of Burgundy, amid Pope Clemnenit at Avignun...498 snio muad adis ncedl to tihe hi arriers of the cap- 126. Tihe earl of Doughas, when encanmped befbre Ot- 6. The king of France sendIs thie dukes of Berry and tu'red it,wn. arnd instantly deteat tmen..........464 terhourne, is attacked by sir Henry Percy, to Burgundy to their homes, to their great dissatisl1N. Perrot le Bemarnois ami his coimpnlnio ns hirving reconquer his pennson, anid a general battle es- fiction, and continues his journey fi'om Avignon phlu-idered ontferrunl, reret to their rts. sues..............................................481 to Langue doc....................................499 slsnaiinswer e to the I)nphin t i f Auvergne, who 127. ThIe earl of Douglas, in rallying Iris men who 7. During the time king Charles of France is at complainshs of hIs rhaving surprised this town were retreating, is nmortnily wounded. Sir Ralph Moiutpellier, three of his chanhberlains muderdurimmg- the tirne trea-ties were inu agitation for his Percy. badly wounded,;nsrrenders to sir John take to hold a tournament near to Calais, lenmvii, tile ciuntry...............................464 4taxwell, wto puts him in thIe hands of the earl against all comers...............................99 V7,. Thi Lord Lewis of!iois miries the I Itdy M1ry of' Moray.......................................482 8. During the king of France's residence at Beziers, of Berry, aln tile lorn d John of Beriry tile prin- 128. Tile earl of Douglas, though mortally wounded, accusations are nmade agnainst Betibisac, treace. Story of Franc, wiho dies shortly after. orders his banner to be raised, as the bearer had srer to tIe i oferry. Thinking to e sen Tile deathI ofthe nlady Jane of Armagiag ec, been slain, and forbids Iis hanemntrble state to ti the pope aid escate punishment, lie confesses duchess of Berrm................................464 be made known to his men, urgisng them on to hismselfa heretic and sodomite, buit is transferred lB. While time council of Frantce is in deliberation tihe combat, by which they deleaut their ennnies, over, by time official at Beziers, to rie secular whether or not to maurch an armny agaisst thie anid make sir Henry Percy, withi niany nmore, power, and burnt................................501 riuke of Gueldres, time duke of Berry sends thIe prisoners.................483 9. When thie king ofFrance is at Toulouse, lie sumcount d'Estnampes to thie duke of Brittany, to 129. Time bishop of Durham is anxious to succor tihe mons the count de Foix, swho, on his arrival, endeavor to win himu over to the party of France, English and rescue sir H-enry Percy, but Is so pays iile homage ubr his county of l~oix........501 slier having alienated himnselffrom it by t a- baly supported by his me ththat he is forceh to 10. The kinng of Fransce and his brother, the duke of rest f tie constanble..........................4...465 retreat. He malkes sir ienrry Lindsay prisoner, Touraine, was er hic shal arrive te soonest Mi. The Castillians anid French, after the departure who had taken sir Matthew IRedmn n............484 at Paris, frm Montpellier, each attened by of the shuke (of Lancaster from Galhcia, recon- 180. The bishop of Durham marches on time morrow only one inight...........;.................. 05 quer,. in a very short time, all the towns and of the battle to the Scots camp, but retires wviths- 11. The death of pope Urban nut Rome, catlled tihe castles hie adl won. The English abuse Cas- out daring to attack it. The Scots return to their anti-pope. Pope Clement writes to thIe king of till, whlen in their own counstry.'The king ow cuntry........................ France, is uncles, and tme uiversity uf Pris, of France and Isis council invite the duke of 131. The king of France enters thie huclsy -if Luxes- on the occasiuon. Te election of' pope Boniireland, who haid fled fiom England, to Paris..466 bourg, on his mnarch to Gueldres. Tiheduke of face by thie Romrn cai rdinals....................155 110. Thie council of' Frnce rdisagree, as to the king's Juliers, ftther of the duke of Gueldres, makes 12. Tle surrender of tie strong castle of Vnnrtadosr going into Germany, ono- accrunr t of the state of excuses for his son to tihe kling of France. le in Linousin, thnt hmd heem thi chief residence tihe realm. The tdike of Brittanny strengthens is graciously received, and has the territory of of Geoffry Tete-noire............................506 his gsrrisons, and fnrins'liusnces withs England Vierson restored to him, tbir which hie pays holn- 13. Three French knights }old a tourn ament at Saint arid the king of Navarre. The E-ngishc raise a age to tie king...................................46 Inglevere, near Calis, and dlefendl the lists, for larg.e annrmy.................................467 139. King Charles VI. quarters his army on a friendly thirty days, against all comers, irom sEngland IM. rne Brnrabanters lay siege to thie town of Grave. footing in the duchy of Juliers. A sanire of and elsewhere.:..................................509 Tlue cnmstable of' Firance gains tin towns of Auvergne is murdered by a wood-cutter whom 14. The rduke of Bounrbon is appointed cihief of an Sainit hMaiu and Saint -Mattrheu de Fine PS- he is leading away as his prisoner...............487 expedition to Afi'ica, that is undertalken by sevterne, andut grrisons themr with his men.........468 133. TIhe duke of Juliers and archbishop of Cologgne eral kanigh-ts of France and England at the soli112. The d ako of I['11C-stu- r hass imntentions of marry- leave the king of France, and go to the tduke of citation of the Genoese..........................514 ing hi. danughter to tile dluke de La Tonrnaine, Gueldres at Nimeguen. By their remonstnrances 15. Aymnerigot Marcel, captain of thIe pilhlging combrothc.:- to the kin-g of IFrnrce. The duke of and negotitiions, lie obtains peace with the kin peanies, having fortified La tRche sie Vandsnis, ti-Urry prtopnsnes hiimself' for her bunnusband. The of France anid duchess of irMhubant...............487 o/ tIe borders of imousin mni Auvergne, in duke of Lancas ter is sunucht satisfied 1hereat......468 134. Thle earl of Arindei amid his fleet are driven by besiegedl tie v scoi nt de Saux, by cornn mli 113. Thle lord tie tConey andl,ther barons of France storms to Lat Palice, near La Rnchelle. The of the king, of France........................515 are sent to tihe Inure oi Brittany. Beubre their lord Lewin de Sancerre, having had informna- 16. Aynperirnt Mtarcel enodeavors, hut in vain, to r'mise arrival, hie had res,,rned to thIe officers of the tion of this, chases them at sea, but in vain. the siege of' La Boche she Vandals, sy letters const;llle tihe p! - e- hn rd tsaken f'orn lim..... 469 rhe duke of Lancaster marries his daughter to and messages to the king oif EnIi.lansi, the dnIke 114. Vhiie Ilelio de Li-ac. emnbinassdor lr- nn the thle heir of Castille...............................488 of Lnncaster, thie tviscount se Meaux, and even rdulse of Ilerry to tin e stuke nf Lancaster, is ne- 135. Thile king of France, while on tile frontiers of to rithe cluke of erry.............................517 gnntiiating thIe martrria:-e with his daughter, the Juhliers, has puart of' his camop surprised, and 17. Apymrnerigot Marcel having left ILa RIoche de Vnanking nf Castile snutds enmbass.adors privately to several prisoners made, by some German pilla- dais, to seek succnr fistnt other pilhtrer., hIis Ihenak it offl', anl to deniand thie lady in mar- gers. Tihe king, being twenty-one years of lieuten'rnt, (G~uot rdn Set,. is surpriedcl by an riage ft' his sonu. ihelion de Lign-c is senawany, age, takes on himself the governmnent of Ihis amlbuscasle, mnus thIe fort surfreters an capitulatie nay nF 1their sarrisal. w iti some truces res- bingdom. Ile sends to the king of CUistile, on tion................................ pectilg t- firmctiers IA\qnuitaine...............470 Ihearing of tne marriage of Isis son with thie 18. The messenger's fr-nt 1tr'lind, lheriung cfthe 115. ThIe dukes,f' se'rr- nitt Binrsgnluy leave Paris fi6r daughter of the duke of Lancaster, to remnn- surriender f ],La Roche sie Varunluis. tthe leanve Bloiu, tu b huh a c.nfenrenc-e wcith the -muke oif int- strate withs him not to eu:ter isuto seny treaties of tIne sduke of Berry. Ayttmeri,-mt retimre tr the trny, whio ssteets thIesn, tI-ere.'I'l,ey tcnsshuade that osay lhe prrejudicial to him or to Isis kinsgdom..488 lituse of a rela~ismn, callem d TInsl fmurnne-,- st-i-u hinus, anninst his inmn'iinalirntn,,, t(ur emsue io Puris...471 136. The duke of 1mrrp, beiing disarppoimstnrl i Iis betreds hun tin hints utf Finnce i 11., letsss in Amnjou, sot, tis tine Is,- shine n.if AnicIump, marriage stiths the shnsughlter of' tie duke nf Lan- ried to Paris, snit there inehnemntdenl, mrndi his bin;sy ua: - to kiing Chamrics VI., utake n his puburlic c'aster, senls to thie cimtnt de Fois to demarnd time quartere..................................... eitry iiio Parsn nis hit kD.g'Scilu.'l'lre duke of d a nughster if tine coust de Bhoulognre, whonm lie 19. The ( hristian Imiis weigh mnnhnr. anit lenve thie Irintasuy comes there r hmun:.ly a ther. -ii nus hd in lirsla.................................489 isitns ofs('oh ino, in orssm r to h tin sieh e to n',u 1tarpuorgan, asI'nnutm:l i,,, nnit John lIes 137. Geinoliri T dte- nuire is wnunr'd.dl in tIne ueand, at mm tn sf' Afit'n.'j'he imannuner ma which they Barrte,. I reincshitmn, psiftirtsrm ms 4ed,f' airns skirnuiM,:miid cuonmnits excnsses swhicin c'lalse his cni clt th eh:ntelvies-........................ hetbre time kinsg of France sit loumsereau sur denthi. le innses mu!,,,,,d sul,stitustes two 20. Thien-ounnuhmhs nsf time 8mmmn-n-ens strinrg nine smve si: I/onne..............4..2.......1..........4 governuors of Venitdour ins his roomn............. 490 tie town of.fiica Thtey sendh tu, demanmd luiina ~~~XIV~~ r ~0;ON T E N TS CHAP, PAGE. CHAP. PAGE. CHAP. P&OG the French the cause of their making war great riches of thile constable, which were dis- 67. The lord de la Itiviere and sir John Ic Mercier are igainst them.....................................524 closed by his will................................547 delivered out of prison........................5 " s.)me miracles are slhown to the Saracens, as 42. The duke ofTouraine is created duke of Orleans. 68. Tile duke of Brittany anl sir Oliver rie (;is'son hey attempt to attack the camp of tihe chris- The constlable of France being recoveredl, tile are reconciled. The dowager quee-in or( Swily tians. Several skirmishes during thile siege. The king of France advasces to SIans, with thie in- istittes a t-sut i te ut o climate becomes unwhiolesome, and other acci- tention of continuing his march to,nasre war on sir l'Peter de Croon............................ 573 dents befal the besiegers.........................524 the duke of' Brittany............................548 69. Thile king of Hungary writes to tile kig o 24. A challenge is sent by thIe Saracens to offer com- 43. The king of France, during his stay at Mans, France his situation in respect to to he stilt, i. Ii bat of tea against ten Christrians. The Sara- again sends some n(nble personages to the dluke jazet. Joln of Bugurndy, eldest son to tie dike cens fail in their engagementt. The towvn of Af- of Brittany, with orders to dismiss sir Peter tie of' Burgundy, marches, as coitusietesin; rica is stormed, but unsuccessfully, and with the Craon. The king is intbrmed. that sir Peter is an army to thie succor of tihe Htngarrans......... loss of many worthy tmen........................526 arrested at Barcelona by command of the queen 70. Tile count d'Ostrevant, brother-i-slaw to Jclll oft 25. A grand tournament is holden at London. Thie of Arragon.....................................544 Burgundly, being desirous to snalch to lisngtsly, king of England gives splendid entertainments e44. The king having left Mans to carry on his war in advised ty Isis fither to attemsi its ps'c-cess-e, during the siege of the toswn of Africa by the against Brittany, is ordered to return by an un- the recotqucst of Frieslanl, wich belusgetl to Christians. The count D'Ostrevant receives t!le known person. This same day, his mind is dle- them................................. 5' (Order of the Garter, whtich displeases the king ranged, and lie is brought back to Mans..........54 71. John (f Burgundy, cosit of Nevelts lIs a of France......5............................527 45. King Clharles VI. oftFrance, continuing deranged army into Hiugary agiainst teI ui-s lie tie24. The siege of Al'ica is raised. The cause of it. in ini, is removed from tMans to Creil, on thile gotiations fr tile stinriege of king t icrsard of The knighlits anti squires rettrn to tlheir own Oise, tile regency of tile kingdomn is gycen to the Etnlanid with the oldest priace-s ci sFirt as countries.............................529 dukIes of Berry and Burgsundy by the three cotiuet.............................. con tineued........................................5'7~,q. KSing Charles of France proposes to march to estates.........................................551ee of Naples, id t te te Italy, to ebrm a union of tile Church by fhree, 46. Tue lord de Coucy introduces the great physician, Aijou, obtris ssltttsesst ill 1-as1r1nsllellss uliist and thence to Barbatry. Embassodor s fioom master Viliam de Harseley, to cuae the Irinig of sir Peter de Craon................................57 England offer proposals for a peace between France. Various causes assigned for this dis-? Tue marriag e is coc!,tied1 bet esti kiitg iiciils s him and kintt Richard. Thie death of John, order.............................................. 557 king of Castilhe. le is succeedlesl by his son 47. The dukes of Berry antd Brgundy ruin thuose lor ti Cisriris V. tis'g Sc-sI'uIe. ITle shiike (if Henry, wtho is crowned king, though but nine who hasd been the confiidlential servants of the Lanctstster srltsrics gi Sr ter rho sii yoears of age...................l...........i.530 king. Tile duake of Burgundly treats rudely tile after soue tiie, delitihred fhsto pr!Ssisillt rid e i X6. Of the expedition of count John ri'Armagna constabge (e Clisson..............................552 tresty sf e young qiuen ci Iis... into Loynbardy. His death at the siege of Alex- 48 Sit Chliver tio Clsssn, rfier ste harsh answer of Ite 74 John of Bur u'tdy, count of 2evers, pas-es tlie aindri..............r................... 5....531 duke ofs BusrgundiiyY, retires to lontlthery. be- isircit sii hi;rty. ii is l tile Cli!tt5' sr i7 File king of Englandc is oiniss to srike peoce it' pursues thither. i lion tiene to idtke iis re-o several lius e's, the toae ihi' i s res- iea.-78 with France. Tide duke of Giturcester ttrows treat to Usinsteau tissehti.75 A digrossis hts tise prsisal ilt.i -idli3 obstsctes iln the \assy. Sir P'eter tie rsons, 49. Tile lord de la. Riviere, tile principal miniister of why Joihi Gias of itiii asis iio-sI 5 L —icy fbrmuerly the fireoiite of king Charles and Ihis the kinss of France hefare his ilitnoess, is made t' th Turk inbtill of..e..... i,nmi~m~ brother the Isine of'ouraice, hicurs their h isoier by arde s of' thre dures ofhBerry and h i list.............................. hatrecd, and takce reirge with tire duke of Brit- BurgrmIdy. The shccls's oh Slerry interceoes for 7 hle Sieet s eais- s's-i ecc tie - i td oBrptitC'71 ~hle Bajttzetis ai- ald i~ec,lmCI'iy til,o1da mCp,-: tany-5 t...................................s..534 n withl her lord................................553t tie t t 28. ThIe death of thIe young count Louis de Chastil- 50. Alter many adliournmments ands delays, tile consta- shaing the chr0 ofL 1N mopuli, deii.c sir u ink Ion, son to count Guy (le Blois. T'le sudden hble d Chisson is, byjuritt'unt of tile court of hody oh urfs ih tn -it- ir true............. death of Gaston count de Foix..................535 parliamientt of Paris, banishedl the realms of 7 ie se uirdi les ri r ars:. Sir Evan do Foix, bnstard-son to the late count, Frrnce, cndcernred ta pmy a fine of' rone ahun- joningi tile counts ofi Siame shie amid rie oftron hisis intending to carry away privately the treasure dred thinousand firancs, tiad declhred incapable of ii tfieir expestltsts ag&iist 5'iisl. 1501 s i' ofl his fhather, is discovered by tile townnsmen of holding tie uleie oe constable of' Frasnce........5 565 titn, h)I lie ietOvt csi SusIsre itch Iusi-stirs Ortlihs, who, however, promise every assistance'1. Kinug Charles recovers Isis senllses througth tile mire cutlitiiecl atulti kilu' Std 1s ss-c useln to him and to his brother that is not incomipati- mercy of God, and the dilig-ernt attention ot' hiis talus, to cs cumide thiem 55 ski tse mu os itiiirble with the trie heir to tile count do Foix, the physician, nmaster W tillan tie IHrselev........556 gttdy........................................... 55, viscouut de Chastelbon..........................536 52.'iThe truce is irlongn d i'etwees Eraure amd SEng- 78'Ine coutis of' liunault and oh )if revsiis ri-s. large army of' mete-at-armns, knights ttitl squJI1,7. 30. Tile corpse of the count de Foix is brouglst froms lanti.'ite viscounmt sle ( hiastellisni clues hsouage Isrge Irunu of rnend-rnT-amme kuiiinLsf dri5I 5005il5 Riot to Ornds. ThIe king of France sends the for thIe cosnurty of Fhoix to tile king of Franuce.....556 tis riessd.'lie ku n'uc si bishop of Noyon and the lord de la Riviere into 53. The king of trance is in great udanger of his life the ssistnc, under tIe esiitaut nfh risit ather tssanee rde r6itPo n the lourad Ulf rotn, the county of Foix, to malte arrangements, ac- at a miasked dansce oh menr dressed like savages. -AlV et.. de S.uisit S'ml u.i.s tine hush 1.....5M cording to tile decree of thie council..............537 Pope Bonifihce and his cardinals at Rome send a dAlret learned friar to tile king dAlbre........................................l 31. The viscount de Cihastelbo n, heir to the count de leat fir to tie i. 7. le o i' Hnintlt huaudsss w lih ni sis is ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Frilald l eeastrneatFeIdCr fiiar btothekn............57'9 Foix, attends his funeral at Orth6s. He is ad- 54. The duchess of Berry supports tIme lord de la Freislsl. h-he dehsts tre Ftieslsiuutets ui h-stole vised to send to the befnroe-namred commission- Riviere, in opposition to tile duchiess of Bur ps is tuevertheess Itrroul t tesis- s Huhiie ii to ers fi-omn- France, to denmand possession of thie gundy.........5e...............................r ti558n iii sti succession which had fSllen to him by the death 55.'ihe lord she Coucy relases to accept tihe swvordt of i Friesland...................................3 oftne count de oix: So fiersnr seiss, to the constatble in the room of' tinsone Tie dukeR of i 0. Tie cersmoiy o' the mnurrise'f time cuss ot' same purport, to the tinn of France...............537 Berry and Burgutndy invest thne lord Phiii d'Ar- Einglaud nvitl i pinces of' 5-nnce. lit ki urport, to th~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~E kngln ofit[ M pincest of lordne'l'hikin P2. The king of France and the duke of Brittany tois, count d'Eu. sith it in consiulecation oh' his of France delivers eer to tihe klng oif Einglasid, meet at Tnours, to settle their differences. Em- marriage with tIe lady Mary ofBerry, sidos of is his teat hetsveens Ardrs ld;...........smt5 ma~~~~~~~~~~~., 8.TeCrisians with fthe ldyt Marye tf Berr,'it' o bassnadors firom England comne thither also to tile lord Louis de Blois.......559.'ine Cisti c forced no rnse I 81Ni~epi Christian arefrival tof raiszetl'lthe Jcg, negotiate a peace................................5 56. The constable de Clisson, during his atbsence from Nioi, by i riul of tet i u 2R Sir Ronger d'Espaign and sir Espaign du Lyon, France, wages war on tile luke of' Brittany.......50O They are deleusted, anI the Ilimsiiaus I sul to 11ight, through thle presumrptuous itbl~y oft[ie embassadors from the viscount de Chastelbon, 57. A treaty of peace concluded betweeun the kings to iit, tor ti resuptus ly l t practice so successfilly witli the court of France, of France and England, through the media- French - — Strt...t. o.N.cpui u oi o that he is declared heir and successor to thle tions of their uncles..............................560 2.'e us, iter thso btte o Nc ol put t ount de Foix by letters patent from the Icing of SS. Tile trenty of peaco is nearly brolen off by leatvs adll thei ptisoeerst,cspt.t......i. o France................................ pope Bonifae, ani by the king of rance e- 8 Ne. es d se othser gsut.............. 4. During the residence of the king of France and lapsing into his former illness.....................5 TIe C i Ut o hullut t duke of Brittany at Tours, their differences are 59. The death of pope Clement at Avignon. The sulfer great lardslsiis sn their retun Incue,' partly accomnmodated by means ofthe marriages election of pope Benedict. A learned clerk in ba-vig es-aped frmo thie bittie of'.ioponh. Sir havinges.ade Hl fromg cetain ba itti ig.e of ioph 8tel of the duke's son with a princess of France, and the archbishopric of Rheims, supports tile rght Jies e ll ri s certi iiteigee l i a son of John of Brittany. son to the late Lord of the see of Avignon, by his speeclhes nnd denat to tie hing of Fraie -8............. Charles de Blois, with a daughter of the duke of preachings.......................................563 84. Siratesde hlly ii eceive is disptc Brittnny. 59.'She ing f Enlannud is advised So manke a jour- h -aom tne king oh France, arrives in ispatesury, in Brittany.............................54 60. The king of England is a dvised to make a four35. The count de Blois and Mary of Namur, his ney to Ireland, and to settle on the duke of his syy to'Surey.'i ig ss ir hm countess, sell to the duke ofTouraine the county Lancaster and hIis heirs for ever tile duchy of Chastehmnrant, uisi present tr isujaet, anul si of Blois with otier lands. The viscount do Aquitaine with all its dependencies..............563 r reco emedatios in hisssr of lie Frels prionsChastelbon takes possession of the inheritance 61. ThIe deauth of the ladty Anne of Bohemnia, queen ems.'he inanner ii wsich they are treated......I' of tihe late count de Foix........................541 of England. Tihe duke of Lancaster lsnks in K5. Sir James de Selly, en his reiur tn'LoTrker, uS38. A grand assembly at Amiens, of the king and Aquitaine, and the king of Engsland in Ireland...564 tains Iis liberty, amd carries a passport instl thi lords of France and Engainid, to treat of a 62. Sir John Froissart arrives in England, and is pre- sultan to sir,ohs ne Chnasi rmnrt i H-ungry. peace between the two kingdoms...............542 sented to king Richard by tile duke of York, Sir John tde Chasteliorkt is firced to send a 27 The French and English lords, not being able to uncle to tie king................5 565 messenger to the king of F-ance, to iifounis ]itu agree on the terms of peace, prolong the truce 63. The information Froissart gains in England, that the kinn of Hunguary will iot allow tile one year. The English, on their return, are touching the opposition of the inhabitants of presents to be crried t tile suluan..............5f accompanied by tihe lord de Chasteau-Momant, Aquitaine to the gift the kings of Engind had 86. Te dcie o Orleas is sseted of iig t h ing's illness.................................. 59 to bring back the king of EIngiand's final an- made of it to his uncle the duke of Lancaster. the ki's iness saver.540~~~~~~l~ Tine commissioners seat to remmrustrato ott the 87.'tme eloise anud duchless of lsurgisnshy diligeunuhy swer............................................... The co mmissioners sent to remonstrate out 8 dk ad the 8. The first illness of sing Charles. Count Bernard matter with the king cannot obtain a decisive exert teselves to d ans to rasm th d'Armagnac does homage to the king. The answer relative thereto...........................566 count te Nevers, teir son, andi his io-pisolord de Chastelmorant returns from England 64. Froissart presents his Book of Love Poems to nersinTurkey.'Sie tint of hiungary, tiiiogh with an answser respecting peace................544 king Richard of England. He rehttes what hie tie persuasios of the grtnd inster nf Slhmedes, 39, Sir Peter de Croon, through malevolence, way- had heard of the last expedition of tihe English perusits tine embassador fromu tIe rung of F'rsusce permass theo-ii imbssk dor t wi'th tile presnts foFrac lays sir Oliver de Clisson, beats and severely to Ireland........................................568 o pass tog iis k ith tie eets i wounds him. Thie king and council are greatly 65. The duke of Iancaster is orered ack from te sultan iuzet............................... 2 angered threat...............................55 Aquitaine. King Ricihard receives a ftiendly 88.'Ie duke of Gloucester pls tie destrnis f 40 The king of France sends his own physicians nnd answer to the proposals his embassadors had nee te ki if gln surgeons to visit the constable during the night. made to the king of France fiur a marriage be- laing informmmthess of Isis practices, lus siins — orders the provost of Paris to pursme sir Peter tween him and the lady Isabella, princess of resses Im tine earl-nnrshn.ae Croon, who had fled for refiuge to tIne duke of France..............-....8......570 89 The erd e Co amd cunt dE. c stite' Erintany. Some of his nen, having remained 66. A squire of Normandy, called Robert time Frnce, die hum Tarkey, ueisre tie treutv lir tineir at Paris, are exorsuted...,..............,.......546 Hermit, having declared he had seen a vision, deliverance is srrsmnged A ransum is agrees em 41. The king of' France summons thle duke of Brit- while at sea, ordering sitm to interfere in mak for time other piisoners wvho were takens at time tany to deliver tip sir Peter de Ciron. His an- ing a peace between Franuce and England, is bmntthe ot Nicopohi.597 swer not being satisfactory, the king declares war sent to king Rtichamd and his uncles to this 90.'l'he Fremcis lords aho hinsi beoms pmismmers it Tmrasninst him. The king's uncles murmur at time effect....................................Veie........ CON T E NT S. e]~&!P- PAGE. CHAP. PAGE. CHAP. 7&oe1, S1. T he lord Louis de Sancerre is made constable of request permission of the duke of Lancaster to 113. The lady of Coucy is taken away from the yount France, in the room of the count d'Ei, wiho had accompany Boucicaut in this expedition. The queen of England, and a new household tapdied in Turkey. Boucicaut, during his absence king of England is solicited by the king of pointed for her. King Richard is confined in with the count de Nevers, is appointed marshal France to engage his subjects to a neutrality be- the tower of London.......................l.....9P of France in the place of the lord Louis de San- tween tne two popes, until a new election shall 114. The earl of Rutland, constable of England, hear cerre. The French lords who had been prison- take place; but they refuse compliance with ing the king has surrendered, dismisses his -nmeers in Turkey return to France.................. 600 their monarch's request.................... 609 at-arms. Four knights of the king's chaiuner, 92. The deaths of the duke of G!:)ucester and the 102. The answer the duke of Lancaster gives the having been put to death by the Londoners, lihe earl of Arundel. The manner ill which the knighlt who had been sent to him by the earl of is advised by those who were imprisoned with dukes of Lancaster and York, and the London- Derby, to request his permission to join the ex- him to resign his crown to the duke of Laneasers, take the matter...............................601 pedition against the Turks. The death of the ter.............................................. 93 A great assembly holden at Rheims, by the em- duke of Lancaster..........................610 115. King RWchard of England resigns his crown aRd peror of Germany and king of France, on the 103. The king of England makes the king of France kingdom into the hands of the duke of Lallcasschism in the Church, and on the means of unit- acquainted with the death of the duke of Lan- ter........................................... ing the two parties...............................603 caster, but does not notice it to the earl of 116. A parliament meets at Westminster, when thle 94. The earl-marshal challenges the earl of Derby, Derby, though son to the late duke..............610 duke of Lancaster is pubulicly acllknowlledged son to the duke of Lancaster, in the presence of 104. The treaty of marriage between the earl of king of England. The great magnificence of the king and his council......................... 603 Derby and the daughter of the duke of Berry is his coronation............................. 35. Kirng Richtard of England banishes the earl of broken off by the king of England, through the 117. Intelligence of the imprisonment of king Richard Derby fonl England fobr tell years, and the earl- means of the earl of Salisbury..................611 is carried to France by the lady of Coucy King marshal for his lite............................. 606 105. King Richard of Erlgland proclaims a tourna- Charles is much displeased thereat. The duke 96. The earl of Derby, in consequence of his banish- ment, which is attended by very few persons. of Bourbon attempts in vain to reduce Bornment, leaves En-gland for France. The earl- On setting out for Ireland, he banishes the earl deaux, and other towns in Aquitaine, to the marshal, in obedience to his sentence, goes to of Northumberland and his son the kingteul....612 crown of France.................................62 Flanders, and thence into Lombardy...........606 106. The English, and particularly the Londoners, rise 118 The council of France, by permission of king 97. The count d'Ostrevant sends embassadors to the in favor of the earl of Derby against king Henry, send over persons to visit Isabella, queen earl of Derby. The earl arrives at Paris.........607 Richard............................. 612 to Richard.................................... 621 98. The emperor and the king of France pursue the 107. The archbishIop of Canterbury is sent to France 119 Tile earls of Huntingdon and Salisbury, and some plans they had settled at Itheims, for a union of bythe Londoners, and others of their party in others, having failed to murder treacherously the church. The bishop of Cambray is sent by England, to bring back the earl of Derby........613 king Henry of Lancaster, rise in arms agauinst them to the pope at Rome. The answer that is 108. The earl of Derby takes leave of tile king and him. They are defeatedl and beheaded, and made him........................................ 607 lords of France, to visit his cousin the duke of their heads sent to the king....................... 99. The king of France, in conformity to the advice Brittany.............................. 614 12b. On the death of John of Montfort, duke of Britof his nobles and tile university of Paris, sends 109. The earl of Derby sails from Brittany to England. tany, the Bretons undertake the wardship of the the bishop of Cambray to pope Benedict at His reception by the citizens of London.........615 young duke, and to be fi'iendly to France. The Avignon, on the subject of a union of the 110. The earl of Derby, now duke of Lancaster, nn- French king, dist;usting the sentiments of the church, and also his marshal Boueicaut thither dertakes the government of England, and, by new reign in England, makes provision against te constrain the pope to obedience by force of the aid of the Londoners, determines to seize the any sudden change..............................23 arms, should there be occasion................... 607 throne. IHe marches in arms against king Rich- 121. The death of king Richard. The truces are re1fi. In consequence of the answer of pope Benedict, ard at Bristol......'........................... 615 newed and kept between France and England. the marshal Boucicaut obliges him by force of 111. King Richard is informed that the earl of Derby The earl-marshal, who had been banished Engarms to submnit himself to the will of the king of is marching agairnst him with a powerful army. land, dies at Venice.............................. 6 France respecting a union of the church......... 608 He retires to Flint castle.........6...............e16 122. France preserves a neutrality between the popes T'1he marshal Boucicaut returns to Hungary 112. King Richard surrenders hindelf to the earl of of Rome and Avignon. The election of tbe qahinst the Turks. The earl of Derby sends to Dertlw to be conductee to London..............6M1 * inperor Robert.................................S. LIST OE ENGRAVINGS. PAGIE. PAGei. PAOl Initial letter T..........1..........................4 I 43. Tomb of Edward the Black Prince, Canterbury SO. Lord Beaunmanoir paying the Ransom of the 2. Group of Knights of the Fourteenth Century......14 Cathedral... ontb ne.................................f3 Constable de Clisson..............................43. B. Portrait of Edlward tihe Se.....................15 44. Portrait of' Richard I.............................224 81. Richard the Second at Bristol.....................443 4. ~uenen Isabella's Visit to her Brother at Paris.....16 45. Tomb of Edward II., Westminster Abbey....... 182. Ba:yonne, as it appeared in the Seventeenth Cess-,. Ponre it of Edward the Third.....................19 46. Duke of Anjou with his army, marching against tory.............................................453 6. PShwardr tihe Third's Expeditiosn gainst the Scots..21 Bergerac.........................................228 03. The Emperor constltuting the Duke of Blrabant 7. P'ortait i P hilip (ie Valois, king of France.......25 47. The Storming of Dunras.........................231 Keeper of the Public Roads...................456 8. View of lierwick upon-Twescl..................27 48. View of Alnwick Castle...........................3 84. Serrot le Beariois and a comnpany of Pillagers....46 9. View i G(hent....................................30 49. View of Erex, in Normandy.........239 85. The Duke of Brittany presenting the Count d'Es10. Edxardi the iThird sersling a Cihallenge to King 50. Oliver du Gueslin made prisoner by the Garri- ts nipes withi a hands omein white palfiey..........416'hil.........................................33 riseon of Chcrboug...............................242 86. Palace of ttie Louvre.............................473 I!. View ou thl (sity of'Iurnsay.....................44 51. Queen Joasnna ofNaples, surrendering her Terri- 87. View of Jedburgh...4......................41AM 12. Ens r o; John de MoMristtrt aind Ihis Duchiess into ritories to Pope Cslement VI1.....................250 88. View of Braincepeth Castle........1...........1 sNante is................................49 52. Men of Ghenit attlacking the Earl of Flanders in 89. Death of Douglas at Otterbourne..............483 13. Part of the Old Twni VCiall of Newcastle-upon- Dendermonde...................................257 90. Triumphal Entry of' ueen Isabella into Paris....495 l'ste....................................... 3... 53. The i6tel-de-Ville, Oudenarde...................260 91. Entry of Charles, king of France, to Beziers.....50,I 1l. Views of TVark Cmstle, ortihumberland..........54 54. Thle Eairl of Buckingham, with Ihis Armsy, on 92. Count de Harcourt presenting the Coniit Biox to 15. A Ti'olunamenset. Froi m at Manuscricpt of tihe Fif- their Voyage to Calaiis, to assist the Duke of the king.........................504 teentls Ce1tUry.........sr....................61 Brittany..........................................263 93. Coronation of Pope B iface.....50.6. Thie Treulchei. t, Macline i r Casting Stones..... 68 55. Portrait of Clsrhles VI. of France................270 94. Tournamentt at St. Inglevert......................509 17. Woodlen Toswrer, uced fic Storini Ws alls......W..s. 70 56. Thie Il6tel-de-Vilc, Ypres........................277 95. English and Fcrench Knights under the Duke of S. Mtittle of Caen................................... 77 57. John Bail preachio.g to the, People in Kent........2.M Bourbon on their voyage to Africa...............5t 5 19. Battle s(t','essr...........................81 58. Richard the Second and the Rebels...............85 96. Execution of Aymerigot Marcel at aris..........521 20. Portrait of CQueen Philippa. [rom her Tosbs...85 59. Death of Wat Tyler..............................287 97. Siege of tihe Town of Africa.....................525 21. Queen iPhilippa h.araugui ng hier Troops at Ne- 60. Citizens of Ghient begging a Peace of the Earl of 98. Richard the Second and Isis three Uncles, the sil's Cross.......................2..85 Flantiers..292 Dukes of Lancaster, York, and Gloucester.....534 22. Locihaber Axes................................... 86 61. Tomb of Good Queen Anne, wife of Richard 11., 99. Assembly of tihe French King and the Lsrds of 23. 1(',ssiat of Lia R.oche 1D'Erricn..................89 in Vestmninster Aibey...........................295 France and England, to treat of a Peace be — 24. att le of Caais................................93 62. View of Castel dcel )v, Naples................296 tween the two kingdoms.........................543 25. Portrait of John, King of France.................97 63. A French Knisht unfurling the Oriflamrne........314 100. Shrine of St. Aquaire........5...........552 26. Poirerft of Edwarda the Black Prince..............106 641. Battle of Rosebecque............................321 10t. King Charles and a tlmwking Party...............555 27. Battle if iMeaux, in IBrie..........................113 65. The Bishop of Norwich at the head of his 102. Tihe Masque at Paris, in which the king and oth28. WVar WVaggons and Baggage Trains on their Troops...............................327 ers were in great danger.........................557 March............. 66. Funeral of the Earl ofFlanders, bearing the body 103. Marriage of Pislip d'Artois and Lady Mary de 29. (tlidral and Part of the Ol Tsown of Rhleims..126 into the ChiAcn..................................336 erry........................................559 30. Whole-lesngth Fisure iof" Bertrand du Guesclin," 67. Funeral ofthe Earl ofFlanders, placing the body 104. Richard the Second on his Voyage to Ireland.....564 friom a wonodcu t in a sc rce Folio, Printed 1490..141 before the Altar..................................337 305. Irish Chieflins making a Charge.................519 21. Portraiit ofl (Chtries the Fitfth of France............143 68. Funeral of the Earl ofFlanders, placing the body 106. King of Hungary holding a Council with the 2. Coronmmtionm of Charles V. and risis ueen.........147 in the'Tomb...................................337 French Knights..................................579 33. Portrait of' Jhn of Gaunt (Duke of Lancaster)...161 69. Genoese Cross-bowmen attacking the Bridge of 107. Battle of Nicepoll..................................581 34. Scenery of the Pyrenees on tihe French side.......162 Taillebourg......................................34 108. William of Hainault on his Expedition against 3.5. Scenery of the I'yrenees on the Spanish side......170 70. King Robert of Scotlanid and his Nine Sons who Friesland........................................584 W. Battle of Montiel-an' irreguhsnr (Combat of loved Anrms......................................350 109. Isabella and the king of Enghmnd taking leave of French, Spaniards, Moors, and Jews............73 71. The Old Mamion-de-Ville, Ghent..................357 the Ring of France, at thi Camp betveen Ar97. T'omb of ZQueen Phlippa, Weatiminister Abbey...190 72. Froissart at the Court of the Count de Foix.......359 dres and Calais...................................587 38. Sir John Clandos it the head of his troops, in 73. Bishop of Prmiers singing the Mass at the Festi- 110. Visit of Richard the Second to his Uncle, the tihe act of rniking his Deatlheharge on the val of St. Nicholas...............................372 Duke of Gloucester, in his Castle at Pleshy......5G French...........................................193 74. English anrrd Gascon Lords at Bordeaux...........387 111. The Earl-Marshal challenging the Earl of 3. Edwsrd the Black Prince in a Litter at the Sack 75. Embassadors of Portugal presented to Richard Derby............................................604 of Linoges.............................201 I. by the Duke of Lancaster....................392 112. Earl of Derby taking leave of the King and 40. T'he Round Tower of Windsor Castle, as it ap- 76. Attack on the Fortifications ofPontevedra........409 Lords of France at Paris.........................614 peared in the tise of Edward II.................207 77. General View of Sluys............................412 113. Richard the Second resigning the Crown into the 4I. Sett-figbst offi La Rochelle.........................208 78. Battle-axe Fight between Sir John Holland and hands of the duke of Lancaster...............619 42. Dumferniline Abbey-the Burial Place of Robert Sir Reginald de Rove............................421 114. the Coronation of Henry the Fourth............62 Bnruc..216 79. View of the 1Ci..v of Burgo.......................428 115. Funera'.'rocession of Richard the Second....3 ~~(~~~(~~~~~~I.~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~11~~I~ ~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~6g CHRONICLES oF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &e. &e. ADVERTISEMENT. dulity, were much like those of the old Grecian. Wlen. you haw Tiar Chronlicles of Sir.John Froissart have, ever since their first taoot chevaouc as to get to the end of him, there is Mons'relet wait publication, when they were circulated only through the medium of to take you up, and will set you down at Philip de Commines." manusclipts, and deemed worthy presents to kings and princes, been so highly prized, as to make any apology for their reproduction in a novel, and it is hoped an improved form, unnecessary. England is particularly rich in MS. Froissarts, and from these stores mnost of the illustrations have been drawn. The reader should, however, be made aware that there scarcely exists one single IMS. contemporary with the time of the author containing illustrations, and that the dresses, T t E L IFE 0 F F R I S S A &c. displayed in the wood-cuts interspersed in these volumes, are almost all to be referred to a later date. The manners of the times had not undergone much alteration, nor was the costume materially different, and they at least appioach very nearly to a'n exact represen- JoHN FI:OISSART, priest, canon, and treasurer of the collegiate. tation of the scenes described in the history they illustrate. It is church of Chimnay, historian and poet, was born in Valenciennes, as difficult to represent the exquisite finish of ancient illuminations, town in Hainault, about the year 1337. This date, which appears; through the medium of a copy composed of black lines and contrasted contradicted by one single passage, in his Chronicle, is confirmed by' lights; but the fidelity of the outlines, and the spirit of the execution, a number of others, as well in his Chronicle, as in his Manuscript, have been scrupulotlIy observed, and it is hoped that tile general Poems. effect does not discredit the originals. However attentive he may have been to informI us of the minute.at It may be necessary to say a few words on the mode which has particulars of his life, he does'not say one word relative to his fam. ibeen adopted in the conduct of the present edition. The text of ily. One can only form a conjecture from a passage in his Poems, Johnes has been preferred to that of Lord Berners for several reasons: that his father's name was Thomas, and that he was a painter of' them more modern diction is better adapted for the extended circulation arms. We find in his history a Froissart Meullier, a young knight. amongr all classes of readers, which it is the ambition of the proprie. from IHainault, who signalized himself by his valor at the siege of' tor of the Imperial Classics to achieve; the style and language of Lord the castle of Fighieres in Spain, which the English and Gascons at.. Berners would probably be preferred by those who are familiar with tacked in 1381. His country and name induce me to believe that: our earlier writers, but notes and glossaries would be required to make our historian might be a relation of his, and, like him, sprung from a, c!ear to others many words and expressions which to theln appear in noblC famnily. Froissart, is titled knight, in a manuscript in the abbey nu degree obscure. Again. Mr. Johnes has in several places intro- of St. Germain-des-Prbs; but as he has not this title in any other duced extensive additi(-ns, which are to be found in no oftier edition, manuscript, thlugl we have some of the most ancient and most an. French or English. If these were embodied in the text of Lord thllentic, it seems probable that the copyist has given it to him from. Berners, a proceeding necessary to make the edition complete, a very his own authority. piebald piece of patch-work would be the result; and as the original His infancy announced what he would one day be; he early manr of these additions was lost when Mr. Johnes's house and library were ifested that eager and inquisitive mind, which during the course of destroyed by fire, it is not possible to re-translate them in a style his life never allowed him to reemain long attached to the samle occu. assimilated to that of the noble translator. pations, and in the same place. The different games suitable to that Another objection to adopting the text of Lord Berners, is that age, of which he gives us a picture equally curious and amusing, kept imperfection which induced Mr. Johnes to undertake his translatioln, up in his mlind a fund of natural dissipation, which during his early viz., the inaccuracies in rendering the names of both men and towns, studies tried the patience and exercised the severity of his masters, &c. Mr. Johnes did much to correct these, which are dreadfully lie loved hunting, music, assemblies, feasts, dress, good living, wine, mangled and disfigured in the originatl; and they have been still and womenr: all these tastes, which almost all showed themselves further improved in the present edition. It has not been thought fiom twelve years of age, being confirmed by habitude, were con. necessary to point out all these emendations; where rno doubt existed, tinued even to his old age, and perhaps never left him. The mind: the alteration has been made silently; but wherever there was amy and heart of Froissart being not yet sufficiently occupied, his love' uncertainty, the emendation has been proposed as a'query. for history filled up that void which his passion for pleasure left; and: All M;'. Johnes's original notes have been preserved, and many became to him an inexhaustible source of amusement. inore added on subjects which he had left unnoticed, or regarding He had but just left school, and was scarcely twenty years old,, which he appeared to be in error. A few of the best passages of when at the entreaty of his dear lord and master, Sir Robert de: Lord Berners's version have been appended as specimens of his style, Namur, knight, Lord of Beaufort, lie undertook to write the historysuch as the celebrated episode of Edward III. and the countess of of the wars of his own time, more particularly those which ensued; Salisbury, p. 53. after the battle of Poitiers. Four years afterwards, having gone to, The original divisions made by Froissart in his work are com- England, he presented a part of his history to queen Philippa otf mented on and explained in the Essay by M. de St/;Palaye, trans- Ilainault, the wife of Edward III. Ilowever young he might thewn lated by Mr. Johnes, and appended to this edition, and it will therefore be, he had already travelled into the most distant provinces of France.. be sufficient in this place to explain the system here adopted. The The object of his visit to England was to tear himself from the pains four original divisions into volumes or books have been preserved, of an attachment which had tormented him for a long time. Thin and the chapters of each book are separately numbered. No two passion took possession of his heart from his infancy; it lasted ten editiens or MSS. exactly agree in the arrangement of the chapters, years, and sparks of it were again rekintdled in a more advanced age, and we have therefore adhered to that adopted by Mr. Johnes. in spite of his bald head andl white hairs. VWe will now take our leave of the reader in the words of Gray, When poets sing their loves, they are not always believed on thei who, in a letter to a friend, thus addresses him: "I rejoice you have wvord; as Froissart only mentions his in poetry, one may treat all he met with Froissart; he is the Herodotus of a barbarous age; had he says as pure fiction; but the portrait he draws is so natural, that one but had the luck of writing in as good a laniguage, he might have cannot prevent one's self from acknowledging the character of i* been immortal! His locomotive disposition ('or then there was no young man in love, and the simple expressions of real passion. Ht ether way of learning thirgs,) his simple curiosity, his religious cre. feigns, that when twelve years old, Melrcury appeared to him followed 28 IvrcMEMOIR OF THE LIFE OF FROISSART. by the three goddesses whose difference Paris had formerly decided; In the age of Froissart, all the world was persuaded that love was thai Inis god, calling to mind the protection he had given him from the motive of the most brilliant actions of courage and virtue. tbur years of age, ordered him to revise the dispute of these three Knights made a parade of it in tournaments. Warriors exposed divinities; that he had confirmed the judgment of Paris; and that themselves to the most perilous combats, to maintain the honor and Venus had promised him, as axrecompense, a mistress more beautiful beauty of their ladies. It was then believed that love might be con. than the fair Helen, and of such high birth, that from thence to Con- fined to a delicate intercourse of gallantry and tenderness: it is stantinople there was not earl, duke, king, or emperor, who would almost always under this form that we see it represented in the greater not have esteemed himself fortunate to obtain her. He was to serve parts of those efforts of the mind which have been handed down to this beauty for tell years, and his whole life was to be devoted to the us from that period; the ladies blushed not in feeling so pure a pasadoration of that divinity who made him such fair promises. sion, and the most modest made it the ordinary subject of their conFroissart had been early attached to romances; that of Cleomades versations. The queen of England frequently amused herself by was the first instrument Love made use of to captivate him. He making Froissart compose amorous ditties; but this occupation must found it in the hands of a young maiden who was reading it, and be considered solely as a relaxation that no way impeded more seri who invited him to read it wijh her: he readily consented, for such ous works, since, during the five years he was attached to the service complaisances cost little. There was soon formed between them a of this princess, he travelled at her expense to various parts of Euliterary connection. Froissart lent her the romance of the Baillou rope, the object of which seems to be a research after whatever d'AAmours,* and took the opportunity of sending it to her, to slip into might enrich his history. I draw this conclusion from a preface it a baiiad, is which he first'spoke of his love. This spark of love which is found at the head of the fourth volume in several manu. became a flame which nothing could extinguish; and Froissart, having scripts of the Chronicle of Froissart; and, as it is not to be found in experienced all that agitation which a first passion inspires, was almost the printed copies,* I thought the insertion of it would not be improper reduced to despair on hearing that his mistress was on the point of here. being married; his excessive grief overwhelmed him, and caused him At the request, wish, and pleasure, of that most high and noble a fit of illness which lasted for three months. At last he took the prince, my very dear lord and master Guy de Chatillon, count de resolution to travel, to dissipate his chagrin and to recover his health. Bliois, lord of Avesne, of Chimay, of Beaumont, of Schonove, of As he travelled with a large company, he was forced to be attentive Goude; I, John Froissart, priest, chaplain to my very dear lord above to himself, in order to hide his trouble. After two days' journey, named, and at this time treasurer and canon of Chimay, and of Lille during which he had never ceased making verses in honor of his mis- in Flanders, am again awakened, and entered into my work-shop, to tress, he arrived at a town, which I believe to be Calais, wheore he labor and worlk at the grand and noble matters which, in former embarked. During his passage, the weather was so tempestuous as times, occuplicd my attention, which treat and examine the feats and to threaten an immediate wreck of the vessel: this however was not events of the wars between France and England, and of all their:apable of suspending the application with which he was working to allies and adherents, as it clearly appears from the treaties which finisn a rondeau to the honor of his love. The weather became calm, have been made and completed until this very day of my again being and the rondeau was completed, when he found himself on a coast, awakened. where, as he says, "they love war better than peace, and where "Now, you that read, or shall read this history, consider in your strangers are very well received.". He speaks of England; the recep- own minds, how I could have known and collected such facts as I tion they gave him, the amusements they procured him in the socie- treat of, and of so many different parties. In truth, I must inform ties of " lords, ladies, and damsels," and the caresses they loaded him you that I began at the early age of twenty years, and came into the with; but nothing was able to calm the melancholy which over- world at the time these events were passing, in the knowledge of vwhetmed him; so that, not being able longer to support the pangs which I have always taken greater pleasure than in anything else. of aissence, he resolved to return nearer to the lady of his heart. God has been so gracious to me, that I was well with all parties, and A lady, queen Philippa:of Hainault, who detained him in England, of the household of kings; more especially of king Edward, and of:learnt from a virelay, which he presented to her, the cause of hisi the noble queen his lady, madame Philippa of Hainault, queen of trouble; she took compassion on him, by ordering him to go back to England, lady of Ireland and Aquitaine, to whom in my youth I was his own country, on condition however of his promise to return, and secretary, and amused her with handsome ditties and madrigals of furnished him with money and horses to perform the journey. Love love; and through affection to the service of that noble and puissan soon conducted him to the lady of his affections. Froissart let no lady to whom I belonged, all the other great lords, dukes, earls opportunity slip of being in the same places where she might be, and barons, and Iknights, of whatever nation they might be, loved me, of conversing with her. We have before seen that she was of such saw me with pleasure, and were of the greatest utility to me. Thus high birth, that " kings and emperors might have sought her;" these under the protection of this good lady, and at her costs, as well as at words taken literally are only suitable for a person of blood royal, or the expenses of great lords, I have searched in my time the greater to the issue of a sovereign prince; but how can we connect the idea part of Christendom (in truth who seelks will find;) and wherever I of such high birth with the detail he gives us of the secret conversa- came, I made inquiry after those ancient knights and squires who tions, the amusements, and assemblies, which he was at liberty to had been present at these deeds of arms, and who were well enabled partake of by day or by night? and, as if these traits were not suffi- to speak of them. I sought also for heralds of good'epute, to verify cient to make her known at the time he wrote, he seems to have and confirm what I might have heard elsewhere of these nmatters. wished to have more clearly pointed her out by the name of Anne, In this manner have I collected the materials for this noble history' in the enigmatical verses which malke part of his manuscript poems. and that gallant count de Blois before mentioned, has taken great One may presume that this love, so passionate and so tender, had the pains in it. And as long as through God's grace I shall live, I shall usual fate of almost every passion. continue it, for the more I work at it, the greater pleasure I receive; Froissart speaks in one of his rondeaous of another lady, whom he like the gallant knight or squire enamored with arms, by perseverance nad ioved, and whose name, composed of five letters, was to be found and attention he perfects and accomplishes himself, thus by laboring in that of Polixena: this may be an Alix, which was formerly written and working on this subject, I acquire greater ability and delight." Aelix. There is reason to believe he had a third flame called Mar- Of all the particulars of Froissart's life during his residence in garet, and that it is she whom he indirectly celebrates in a poemit England, we only know that he was present at the separation of the under the title, and in honor, of the flower which bears her name.t king and queen in 1361, with their son the prince of Wales and the Perhaps he sought ink these episodical amours some remedy for a princess his lady, who were going to take possession of Aquitaine; passion, which, according to his own account, was unfortunate. At and that lie was between Eltham and Westminster in the year 1363, least we know that, in despair for the little success which had attended when king John passed on his return to England. There is in his all his assiduities and attentions to his first mistress, he took the reso- poems a pastoral which seems to allude only to that event. With lution of again absenting himself from her. regard to his travels during the time he was attached to the service This absence was no longer than the preceding one; lie returned of the queen, hlie employed six months in Scotland, and penetrated to England, and attached himself to the service of queen Philippa. as far as. the Highlands. He travelled on horseback with his port. This princess, sister to the countess of Namsur, wife of Robert, to manteau behind him, and followed by a grayhound.'whom Froissart seems to have. been a servant, saw always with The king of Scotland, and many lords whose names he has pre pleasure her countrymen from Hainault; she loved letters; the col- served us, treated him so handsomely, that he cotld have wished to lege which she founded, and which at this day is known at Oxford have returned thither. William, earl of Douglas, lodged him during under the name of Queen's College, is,m illustrious monument of fifteen days in his castle of Dalkeith, five niles from Edinburgh. the protection she granted to them; Froissart therefore united all the We are ignorant of the date of this journey; and of another, which titles which could merit the affection of queen Philippa. The his- he made into North Wales, that I believe must have been made tory which he presented to her, as I have before mentioned, whether about the same time. He was in France, at Melun-sur-Seine, about,at his first journey or the second (for it is not possible to decide the 20th of April, 1366; perhaps private reasons might have led him'which of the two,) was very well received, and probably gained him to take that road to Bordeaux, where he was on All Saints day of;the title of clerk (that is to say secretary or writer) of the chamber that year, when the princess of Wales was brought to bed of a son,:ef this p;incess, whmch he was in possession of from 1361. who was afterwards Richard II. The prince of Wales setting out a few days afterwards for the war in Spain, Froissart accompanied * M. St. Palayo, in a siote, says he is not acquainted with the romance. Baimlou rignlfies baif, i* M. de St. Palaye is not quite correct; for the beginning of this preface is in the t Dittie de la fleur de Itt Margumerite, pages 711 and the following, of his Manuscript printed edition of Vearsd, sad in snother printed edition which I believe was not known Poems. to I)enys. Saavage nor to M. de St. Palaye. It will be more particularly mentioned:. T-he English readie nmlust be informed, (hart Marguerite Is not onmy mIra n ame of a hereafter. This preface in nmany printed editions is not so long as this. and is somowla ~. ~ eI o o lthe liswer called daisy., um ofta p,rl different. It is not mentioned in the editions of Denys Sauvage MEMOIR Or THE LIFE OF FROISSART. 3 am to Dax, where the prince resided some time. He had expected of his pastorals informs us, that he resided in the environs of an to have attended him during the continuance of this grand expedi- abbey,* situated between Lunel and Montpelier, and that he gained tion; but the prince would not permit him to go farther, and shortly the affections of a young person, who bewailed his departure: in the after his arrival sent him back to the queen his mother. same poem he tells us, that he carried with him four grayhounds,i Froissart could not have made any long stay in England, since in as a present to the count de Foix. Gaston was passionately fond of tie following year he was at omfferent Italian courts. It was this dogs, and had upward of sixteen hundred always with him: there same year, that is to say 1368, that Lionel, duke of Clarence, son of exists a treatise written by him on hunting, which is preserved in, the king of England, espoused Joland, daughter of Galeas the manuscript in several libraries, and which was printed in 1520. Seco il, duke of Milan. The marriage was celebrated the 25th of Froissart went from Carcassonne to Pamiers, of which he gives an April and Lionel died on the 17th of October following. Froissart, agreeable description; he remained there for three days waiting for who probably was in his suite, was present at the magnificent recep- the chance of meeting some person with whom he might travel into tion which Amadeus count de Savoy, surnamed the count Verd, gave B6arn. He was fortunate enough to meet with a knight from the him on his returi/: he describes the feasts on this occasion, which country of Foix, who was returning thither from Avignon, and they lasted three days; and he does not forget to tell us that they danced journeyed together. Sir Espaign du Lyon, the name of the knight, a virelay of his composition. was a man of high distinction; he had had considerable commands, From the court of Savoy he returned to Milan, where the same and was employed all his life in negotiations as delicate as they count Amadeus gave him a good cottehardie,* with twenty florins were important. The two travellers agreed perfectly well together of gold; from thence to Bologna and Ferrara, where he received the knight, who had served in all the wars in Gascony, was equally forty ducats from the king of Cyprus; and then to Rome. Instead desirous to learn everything which related to those that Froissart of the modest equipage we have seen him travel into Scotland with, was acquainted with; and Froissart, more in a situation to satisfy he was now, like a man of importance, travelling on. a handsome him than any one, was not less curious to be informed of those events horse attended by a hackney. in which the knight had borne a part: they mutually communicated It was about this period that Froissart experienced a loss whick all they knew, with a reciprocal complaisance. They rode side by nothing could recompense: Philippa of Hainault, queen of England, side, and frequently only a foot's pace: their whole journey was who had heaped wealth on him, died in 1369. He composed a lay passed in conversations; by which they mutually instructed each on this melancholy event, of which, however, he was not a witness; other. Towns, castles, ruins, plains, heights, valleys, defiles; every. for he says, in another place, that in 1395 it was twenty-seven years thing awakened the curiosity of Froissart, and recalled to the memory since he had seen England. According to several authors,t he wrote of the lord Espaign dLu Lyon the difb'rent actions which had there the life of queen Philippa; but this assertion is not founded on any passed under his eyes, or which ihe had heard related by those who proofs. had been engaged in them. Independently of the employment of clerk of the chamber to the The historian, too exact in the recital which he gives us of these queen of England, which Froissart had had, he had also been of the conversations, relates even the exclamations by which he testified household of Edward III., and even of that of Johh, king of France. his gratitude to the knight, for all the interesting intelligence he was As there are several other princes and lords of whose households he so good to give himn. If they arrived at a town before sunset, they had been, or whom he calls his lords and masters, it is proper to profited by the remnant of'day to examine the outworks of the place, observe, that by this mode of speech he means not only those princes or to observe those parts of it which had suffered from assaults. On and lords to whom he had been attached as a servant; but likewise their return to the inn, they continued the same conversations, either all those who had made him presents or gratifications; or who, between themselves or with other knights and esquires, who might having received him in their courts or castles, had admitted him to be lodged there; and Froissart never went to bed until he had put in their tables. writing every particular hlie had heard. Froissart, having lost his patroness, queen Philippa, did not return After a journey of six days, they arrived at Ortez. This town, to England, but went into his own country, where he obtained the one of the most considerable in B6arn, was the ordinary residence living of Lestines. Of all that he performed during the time he of Gaston, count de Foix and viscount de Bdarn, surnamed PhcebvA exercised this ministry, he tells us nothing more than that the tavern- on account of his beauty. Froissart could not have..:1ex, a.: keepers of Lestines had five hundred francs of his money in the short more suitable to his views. The count de Foix, at the age of fif-i space of time he was their rector. One reads in a manuscript jour- nine years, was the most vigorous, the handsomest, and best-ec. nal of the bishop of Chartres, chancellor to the duke of Anjou, that, mnian of that period. Adroit at all exercises, valorous, an accora according to letters sealed on the 12th December, 1381, this prince plished captain, noble and magnificent, he never suffered any waseaused to be seized fifty-six quires of the Chronicle of Froissart, rior who waited on him to depart without carrying with him proofs rector of the parish church of Lestines, which the historian had sent of his liberality: his castle was the rendezvous of all those brave to be illuminated, and then to be forwarded to the king of England, captains who had distinguished themselves in combats, or in tourna. the enemy of France. ments. Their conversations solely ran on attacks of places, surprises, Froissart attached himself afterwards to Winceslaus de Luxem- sieges, assaults, skirmishes, and battles. Their amusements were bourg, duke of Brabant, perhaps in quality of secretary, according to games of address and force; tilts, tournaments, and huntings moro the custom of princes and lords in those days, who employed clerks laborious and almost as dangerous as war itself. These details to manage their affairs, and in their correspondence, and who amused deserve to be read in Froissart: I can only imperfectly trace wha them by their knowledge, or their wit. Winceslaus had a taste for he has so excellently painted. poetry; he had had made by Froissart a collection of his songs, his The count de Foix having learnt from sir EGspaign du Lyon th. rondeaus, and virelays, who, adding some of his own pieces to those arrival of Froissart, who was well known at the court of Ortez by the of the prince, formed a sort of romance, under the title of Meliador, first two volumes of his Chronicle, sent to seek for him at the house or the Knight of the Sun; but the duke did not live sufficiently long of one of his esquires, who had received and lodged him; and, seeto see the completion of the work, for he died in 1384. ing him at a distance, said to bhim smiling, and in good French Almost immediately after this event, Froissart found another "That he was perfectly well acquainted with him, although he ha4 patron: he was made clerk of the chapel to Guy, count de Blois; never before seen him; but that lie had heard much talk about him, and he was not long in testifying his gratitude to his new patron, and he retained him in his household." by a pastoral on the betrothing of Louis, count de Dunois, son of This expression, as I have before said, does not mean that Frois. Guy, with Mary, daughter of the duke of Berry. Two years after, sart was lodged in the castle, but only that his expenses were defrayed on the solemnization of this marriage at Bourges, he celebrated it in by the count during the winter he passed at his court. His most a sort of epithalamium, sufficiently ingenious for those times, entitled usual occupation, in that time, was to amuse Gaston, after his supper "The Temple of Honor." He passed the years 1385, 1386, and by reading to him the romance of Meliador, which he had broug) 1387, sometimes in the Blaisois, sometimes in Touraine; but the with him. Every evening he repaired to the castle at midnigl count de Blois having engaged him to continue the course of his which was the hour the count sat down to table, and none dared history, which he had left unfinished, he determined in 1388 to take interrupt the reading. Gaston himself, who listened with the greatote advantage of the peace which was just concluded, to visit the court attention, only spoke to ask questions concerning the book; and he of Gaston Phmbus, count de Foix and de B6arn, in order to gain full never sent him away, before hlie had made him drink all the wine information in whatever related to foreign countries, and the more which had remained on the table, from his own bottle. distant provinces of the kingdom, where he knew that a great num- Sometimes this prince took pleasure to inform him of those par. oer of warriors signalized themselves daily by the most gallant ticulars of the wars in which he had distinguished himself. Froisactions. His age and his health still allowed him to bear great sart did not gain less information from his frequent conversations fatigue; his memory was tuffl-,i.ently strong to retain whatever he with those knights and esquires whom he found assembled at Ortez; should hear' and his judgment clear enough to point out to him the more especially from the knights of Arragon and England, attached use he should make of it. to the household of the duke of Lancaster, who at that time resided He set out with letters of recommendation from the count de at Bordeaux. They related to him all theyknew of tI-,e battles of Blois to Gaston Phoebus, and took the road through Avignon. One the kings John of Castile, and Denys of Portugal, and their allies Oss on t a aso t rc t Among others, the famous Bastot'de Maulion, in giving him the his. * Or, as it is more often written. cota~rdie. a sort of coat, a dress common to men and tory of his own life, told him also that of almost all th~e wars which women; here it means a pourpoint. This was one of the liberalities which great lords were accustomed to make; they put money, as one sees by this example into the purse which, according to the usage of that time, was attached to the coat.-ST. PALATyE. Probably St. Geaiez, a monastery of puns, one league and a half lion the road tI Vossius de Historicis Latinis, lib. iii. cap. iv. Bullart, Acadsmie des Sciences om. which leads from Moatpelier to Lunel-Sr. PaLavE., 14. 1114; Their names were Tristan, Hector, Brun, and Reliant — ST. Pi.La,'t 4 MEMOIR OF THE LIFE OF FROISSART. had happened in the different provinces of France, and even in he had, that numbers of that nation were to be found at Bruges, ho Spain, from the time of the battle of' Poitiers, at which period he first went thither. Fortune served him beyond his hopes; and the enthubore arms. siasm with which he speaks of it, paints the ardor with which he Although he applied himself, without relaxation, in collecting his. was desirous of a perfect knowledge of facts. On his arrival, he learnt torical memoirs, Froissart gave, however, some moments to Poesy. that a Portuguese knight, "a valiant and wise man, and of the council We have a pastoral by him, which he seems to have composed in of the king of Portugal," whose name was Juan Fernando Portelet, the county of Foix, in honor of Gaston Pihaubus. He says, that being had lately come to Middleburgh, in Zealand. En beau Pr6 srt et plaistw Portelet, who was on his road to Prussia to join in the war against Par dessus Gave la riviere the infidels, had been present in all the wars of Portugal. Froissarn esa an Eatre Pan et Ortais seam dfimmediately sets out, in company with a Portuguese, a friend of the he saw shepherds and shepherdesses, who ere conversing of dif. knight; goes to Slays, embarks, and arrives at Middleburgh, where ferent lords, and the arms they bore. He at, roitly makes use of this his fellow-traveller presents him toPortelet. Thisknight, "gracious, fiction, to name with praise all those from Nhom he had received amiable, and easy of access," relates to him, during the six days they any marks of liberality, and terminates his list with the count de passed together, everything that had been done in Portugal and Foix. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~passed together, everything that hadI been done in Portugal and Foix. A~foix. a oeal og eiec tth or fOSpain, from the death of king Ferdinand until his departure from After a tolerable long residence at the court of Ortez, Froissart Portugal. Froissart, equally pleased with the recitals of Portelet, as began to think of his departure. He was detained by Gaston, who with his politeness took leave ofhim, and retued home; where, withx his politeness, took leave of-him, and returned' home; where, gave him hopes that an opportunity would soon offer for him to having arranged all the information he had acquired in his various travel in good company. The marriage of the countess of Boulogne, I travel in good copn. T marriage of the countess of oulgne, travels, he composed a new book, which makes the third of his history. a relation of the count, having oeen c,)ucluded with the duke doc~e a relation of the ou count, lbewaving condue rmOluded with the duwere The passage from whence these particulars are taken adds, that Berry, the young bride was conducted m )rz torlas, where Froissart, on quitting Zealand, and before his return to his own counthe equipages of the duke, her husband, wer, waiting %'? her. He et outhersuite, after havingeceived pro of te g ero try, went once moreto Rome. Although, in this instance, the printed set out;u her suite, after having received proofis of' te gec,)eros?.y,ff copies are conformable to the iranuscripts, this journey, of which no Gaston, who warmly pressed him to return to him. Ile. a-compaaui'd other mention is made, seems to me quite improbable. Denys Santhe princess to Avignon, and the remainder of the road which she vage assures us, in a marginal note, that, instead of Rome, one should took across the Lyonnois, la Bresse, le Forbs, and the Bourbonnois, read Bnrges, SInys, or Valenciennes: it. is mtch more natural to as far as Riore, in Auvergrne.: as far as Riom, in Auvergne. read Danime, a port i;n the neighborhood of Sluys, where one has The stay at Avignon was unfortunate to. Froissart; they robbed seen that the historian erked. seen that the historian emb~arked. him. This melancholy adventure was the subject of a long poem, One cannot say how long rsart reinedin Hainault; one only L One cannot say how long Frc,i.1sart remained'in Hainault; one only nn which he introduces several incidents of his life, and which knows that he was again in ris 392, at the time when the constI hae mde se o inthi memir.Onesees bythi piee, hatknows that he was again in Paris 1392, at the time when the constaI have made use of in this memoir. One sees, by this piece, tht ble de Clissof was assassinated by Peter de Craon; and at Abbeville the desire of visiting the tomb of the cardinal de Luxembourg, who toward the end of that same year, or Le beginning of the next, do. toward the end of that same year, or L'ie beginning of the next, due died in odor of sanctity, was not the sole motive which had induced t ring the conferences which were held there by the plenipotentiaries'him to repass through Avignon in the suite, of the young pri~ncess;? ~him to repass through Avigno~n ~ii from France and England, when they ar -inst established a truce for but that he was charged with a private commission from the lord d four yers. From te year 1378, Fross d obtaine fom pope Coucy. He man ~~~~~~~~~~four years. From the year 1378, Froissit~ b0ad obtained from pope Coucy. He mht, as he says, have endeavored to seek for redress Clement VII. the reversion of a canonship:i' Lille. One sees, in lor the loss of his money by seeking a benefice; but this resource the collection f hi poetry, which a com in 1393, and in a CD ~~~~~~~~the collection of his poetry, which w-si,: conip!.~t.,Jd in 1393, and in a was not to his taste. He laid greater stress on the generosity of the be lord de Ia Riviere, and the count de Sancerre, who accompanied the duchess de Berry, and on that of the viscount d'Asci. e paints nig of the fourth volume of his history composed about this time, that he titled himself canon ef Lilie; but Clement Vi t. dying in 1394, himself, in this poem, as a man of much expense: besides the rve- he gave up his expecttions of the reversion and im n o qualify I~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~h gvuphsepectations f h ee'in n -:Zz:t ulf nue of the living of Lestines, which was considerable, he had received, himself canon and treasurer of the collegial church o C0imay, wlich, since he was twenty-five years old, two thousand francs, of which he probably owed to the friendship of the count de BI is, who ret. nothing remained. The composition of his works had cost him seven pected him u; te lodship of Chiaeig part le ier hundred francs; but he regretted not this expense; for, as he says, ance which the count had had fallen in to him in 131, bi he death anee wh~~~~~~~~icthcothahafalni to him in1351,'b.',he death "I have composed many a history which will be spolken of by pos- of John d Chatillon, count d Blos, the las of his brothers teriv.11The emaider as sentamon the tavrn-keper atof John de Chatilion, count de Blois, the last of his brothers Crit." The remainder was spent amon the tavern-kpers at It was twenty-seven years since Froissart had left England; when, Lestines, and in his travels, which he always performed with a good taking advantage of the truce, between the French and English, he equipage, well mounted, well dressed, and living well wherever he ag ofthe tuce bw the Frec ndagi h returned thither in 1395, furnished with letters of recommendatiorn to went. went. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~the kiing and his uncles. From Dover, w5here he disemlbark.:dl, he Froissart had been present at all the feasts which were given on the king and his uncles. Frm Dover, where he disembrkd, he the ma.rriage of the duke of Berry; celebrated the eve of Whisunday went to Catiterbury, made his offering at the shrine of Thinnas a the maage of the duke of erry; celebrated the eve of Whitsuday ckt, and fom respect to the memory of the princ of Wales, to at Riom, in Auvergne. He composed a pastoral for the morrow of who he was perfectly we nown, he v isited his magnifice maethe tI th * France'tl the ord d laRivicrewhom hie was perfectly well known, he visited his miagnificen, mnacthe nuptials; then, returning to France with the lord de la Rioicrce, t soleum. lie saw there the young king Richard, who had arrived to he went to Paris. His natural activity, and his ardor for information, return nk to God r the success of his lat cap Ireland return thanks to God for the success of his last canipai-,, i, Ireland; with which he was incessantly occupied, did not permit him to but,;u;spite of the good intentions of the lord Percyv, nigh steward of remain there long. We have seen him in six months go from the Ebua, isio had prooised to pronse o the n ard P ience of te wid o Blaisois to Avignon; then to the county of Foix; from whence he EI l - h h prsedt ro li o iee t e g n~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~h ol o ~ rset c, MIw~ofg oflo this pice to returned again to Avignon, and cross Auvergne to go to Paris. Onehe cold no. lu2 presented, nod wai Omiged to follow this piuc to ~~~~~~~~~~~tecifent p-~e hewieutl h ae t ed astle?* This sees him in less than two years successively in the Cambresis, in the difrent pianes he visited, until he came to Leeds ctl Th Hainault, Holland, Picardy, a second time in Paris, at the extremitytime was not lost on our historian; the English were still full of thni exeremity expedition to Ireland; and he got them to tell him both their own Languedoc; then again at Paris and at Valenciennes; fom tenceexploits, and the marvellous things they had seen there. Being yet to Brages, Sluys, in Zealand, and at last in his own country.astle, he presented to te le of York his letters from the He accompanied the lord do Coucy into the Cambresis to the castle at Leeds ca edtr count d'Haimault and the count d'Ostrevant.t "Master John," said f Creveeur, which the Iig had just give to hm. H te to the duke to him, "keep near to our person, and to my people; we 2a.U11 he had seen, and learns from him the diffl'-.H parculars will how vu all love and indness; we are bounden so to do fro of the m,c4,-ioitions between France and Enl,:mL. A "er having staid in e and k ar o ne o t o r fiforen days in his own country, he passey a month in Holland wieb affectio er times, and to our lady motber, to whom you were [d~n days mn his own country, he passeL' a mont~h in H:~ollaznd wit'~H fevrrsjnrcue the count de Blois, enteriig him with the hator of i. ttached; we well remember those times." He afterwards introduced the count de Blois, entertlainling him with. the hi~!tory of bi L-~'Veyas. him into the ktng's chamber, who received him with very distinguished He then goes to Lelinghen, to learn the detalt3 of tied negotiations nmarks of good will. Richard took the letters lie had been Charged for peace, which were carrying on at that place. He is present at a d il rad t o th e e had been h the magnificent entry which Isabella de Bsvihre makes into Paris. with, and hasihg read them, said, that since he had been of the household of' l~(s grandfasther, and of the queen his grandmother, he The exactness with which he describes the ceremonies observed must be stil of the household of England." between the pope and Charles VI. at Avignon, seems to prove he m ssti ofh ho d o nan. Froissart, howcwr, had not yet been able to present to the king was an eye-witness of their meeting: this is the more probable, the romtnce of Meliador, which e had brought with him; and Percy because it is certain that Charles VI. went from Avignon to Toulouse, rvised him to ait a more favorable opportunity. Two important to rceie te hmag of he oun doFoi; whn Foisartwasadvised him to wait a more favorable opportunity. Two important to receive the homage of the count de Foix; when Froissart was present, and heard their conversation, objects occupied the mind of Richard; one was his intended nmarNothing of novelty passed, as c one sees, bt Froissart wished to ringe with Isabella of France; the other, the opposition of the people b ctag of; fvelpastsed, t onaments, eren for pea to of Aquitaine to the donation which he had made of this province to be a spectator of; feasts, tournaments, conferences for peace, inter- his uncle, the duke of York. The prelates and barons had beer views of princes, their entries, nothing escaped his curiosity. It summoned tI E-tham, to deliberate on these two affairs; and Frois. appears that, at the beginning of the year 1390, he returned to his summoned tolthanma to dlbrate ote to affars; and Frois own country, and that he was solely occupied in the continuation of of the day, which he heard in his conversations with the di~fferen! his history, and in completing it, from the intelligence he had amassed th day wh ich ard in s coneas with the dint from all parts with so much labor and fatigue. However, what he council, intrusted him, in confidence, with every r~et~luion they had had learnt relative to the war in Spain did not satisfy him; he felt a conclintrusted him onfn th eer reulutio they scruple at only having heard one side; that is to say, the Gascons hi ly to ke the secret unil they and Spaniards, who had been attached to the king of Castille. It should be publicly divulged. A lat ol was the duty of an exact and judicious hfsiorian to know also what * KIKent. [ Afterwards earl of tolland, and kiaiht of the gst'if the Portuguese had to say on this subjem' and on tee information I o.. W'a it Richard de Surry lord Sarry? MEMOIR OF THE LIFE OF FROISSART. the holding of this concil, the duke of York, Richard de Surry, and made in the walls of the abbey, and did not abandon it before he had Thomas de Percy, finding, the king but little occupied, mentioned to killed or wounded eighteen men. One reads at the end of some tni the romance which Froissart had brought with him. The prince charters of the count do Foix, a signatlre of.1. Froissart, or Jaquinot asked to see it; and the historian says, "he saw it in his chamber: Froissart: he was a secretary to the count, and perhaps a relation of for I had it always with me, and placed it upon his bed. He then the historian. There is also mention made in the registers of the opened and looked into it, and was greatly pleased: indeed, he ought "Trdsor des Chartes," of a remission granted in 1375 to Philibert to have been pleased; for it was illuminated, and the writing much Froissart, esquire, who had been in the company of Gascons in the ornamented: it was, besides, bound in crimson velvet, with ten silver- country of Guyenne, under the command of Charles d'Artois, count gilt nails, with a golden rose,-in the midst of two clasps gilt, richly de Pezenas. woiked with gold rose-trees. Then," continues Froissart, "the king To avoid interrupting the thread of the narrative, I have deferred inquired what subject it treated of; and I toid himn, of love. He was to the end of this memoir the examination of a passage in the poetry delighted with this answer, and looked into different parts of the book, of Froissart, which points out, but in obscure terms, one of the prin. and read therein: for he read and spokeJ French perfcctly well. He cipal circumstances of his life. He recalls the faults of his youth, and.hen ordered one of his knights, named sit Richard Credon, to carry particularly reproaches himself for having quitted a learned profession:t to his cabinet; and hlie semed much obliged to me ibr it." for which he had natural talents, and which had gained him much Henry Castede, an English esquire, who had been present at this respect (he seems to point at history, or poetry,) to follow another, conversation, and who knew besides that Froissart wvs writing his which, though much inore lucrative, was as little suitable to him as history, coming up to him, inquired if he had been inforned of the that of arms; and having failed in it, had made him fall from that details of the conquest which the king had just miade in Ireland. degree of honor to which the first had elevated him. He says, he is Froissart pretended to be ignorant of them, in order to engage the determined to repair his fault, and returning to his former occupaesquire in conversation, wtio took pleasure in recounting theii to himn. tions, transmit to posterity the glorious names of those kings, princes, Everything the historian heard, among the riest thei repast which the and lords, whose generosity hlie had partaken of. king of England gave in i'eland to the four kings after having con- In the whole course of the life of Froissart, I see no period in quered them, excited in him very great regret for not having come to which this pretended change can be placed, nor that can point out England a year sooner as hlie was preparing to do, when the news of this lucrative trade, and which lie himself calls " narchandise." Tae the death of queen Aine of Luxembourg, Richard's first wife, made indecency of the expression will not suffer us to suppose it could be him alter his intentions: he would not have failed to have gone to his cure of Lestines; although he has said in another ptrt, that the Ireland to have seen everything himself; for ie was nmuch interested rec'tory was of considerable value; could it be the profession of law. in collecting the mhinatest circumstances of this expedition, in order to yer, or that of his father, who was, as we have before stated, a painter entertain " his lords" the duke of' BIavaria and his son, who had on of arms? A singular meaning of the word " marchandise" in Con. Friesland similar pretensions to those of the king of En-land on Ire- mines, may perhaps give us a plausible explanation. Commines, land. After three mimntllhs' residence in England, Froissart took his born in the same country, and not very far fyrom the time of Froissart, leave of thile king. This prince, whom hlie had followed in his dif- employs this word to signify a negotiation of affairs between princes.,ferent excursions near London, ordered Ihim to be given, as a last The business of a negotiator, or rather a man of intrigue, who mark of his affection, 100 aobles~- in a goblett of silver, weighing seeks without any apparent character to penetrate the secret of courts, two mares. would perhaps be that which Froissart repents to have followed. T'he melancholy end of Richard, which happened in 1389, is The details in which we have entered respecting his various travels, related at the end of the fourth volruinie of Froissart's history, who the long residence which lie ihas often nmade in critical times with acquits himself most gratefully to this prince by the affecting manner several princes, and the talents which he had to insinuate himself with which he laments his misfortunes. At the same time lie into their good graces, seem to me to warrant this conjecture. remarks, that in this event he saw the accomplishment of a prediction which had been made on Richard, when he was born at Bordeaux; and also of a prophecy in the romance of Brutus,t which Extract firont a manuscript takei. froom the archives of the chapter pointed out the prince who would dethrone him. of St. 3li1oegunda, at Chimay, in which are found the obits aid The death of Guy count de Blois happened soon after Froissart's pious foaundations made to this chapter, and other antiquitiea. return home: hle mentions it in his Chroniicle, under the year 1397. Folio 39 and 40. He was then sixty years of age, and must have lived at least four He was then sixty years of e, and mast ave lived at lest four "The obit of sir John Froissard, born at Valenciennes, canon and years more; for he relates somee events of the year 1400.~ If one treasury of the aforesaid church, which flourished in 1364, may have was to believe Bodin and la Popliniere, he would have lived to 1420; place her according to his qulit, as having bee domestic chap place here according to his quality, as having been domestic chap. but these two writers have probably been dgceived by these words, lain to the renowned Guy d Chtillo, cut d Sss and d which begin the last chapter of his history: "En P'an de grace nillanote nweGud Ch tilocutd ins an Blois, lord of Avesnes, Chimay, and Beaunaout, &c., who has also qunbtre cent un moins;" instead of readin ng as it ibee a very celebrated historiographer of his time, and has written in several manuscripts and in the black-letter editions, the-y must have the wars and chroicles, and the most remarkable events from the rea 11vint.1 Anthe pasag inFrossat Jdy lsohav gienthe wars and chronicles, and the mnost remarkable events fi'om the read "viigt." Aother passage in Froissart ay also have iv year 1335 until the year 1400; according as he himself relates in rise to a belief that he lived to about the middle of the fifteenth cen. divers prts of his istory, and ore pecialy in te 52nd chapte divers parts of his history, and more especially in the 52nd chapter tury. In speaking of the banishmi at of the count de Harcourt, who of his 4th book, and as it is shown in the eulogium written in his lpersuaded the English to Inake a tiescent in Nornmandy, he says, that prs in the folloing words: t, ~~~~~~~~~~~~praise in the following words: the melancholy effecs of this invasion were visible for more than a hundred years after. These terms must not be taken literally; the Cegnita Rniiieii vix nset ini gentiu. author wrote rather as foreseeing those evils to come which he Pluribus hiii scriptis ni decorasset lionos. tn bn w ness~ ofthsefaa efets t oTanti nemipe refit totuni scripsisse per orbem, dreaded, thano as being a witness of these fatal effects. It is not, cualihet et doctossec'laaulisse viros. however, possible to decide in what year he died; it only appears Cunommeniorent alios aii, super tetiera tollam that it was in the month of October, since his " obit" is indicated in Froissardulun. historime per suo see'la dueem: -tha 9 C, ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Scripsit enrhii istorittm madge sexagintft per annos, hat month iii time obituary of the colle'ial church of St. Monmgimada, Scriin-it emiii uiindoian uiaw e sexera ntni per Mnes. T'otiuls mahdi, qutxe memoran~da notat, at Chimay, firom which I have added an extract at the end of this Tnini et Angl-ruin Renemad est Philippea, Sciipsit ni Angtoruin Regime geste Philippa,,memoir. According to an old traditian of the country, ihe was in- Qtui. Guilielme, tuo tutiajiuncta toro." terred in the chapel of St. Anne, in this collegial cliceh; and, indeed, it seemrae very probable that he should end his days in his TONORARIU. own chapter. Glltnorum subliis hlones et fiurua tuorum, The name of Frolssart was common to several persons who lived Hec. troisstrde, jLces, si moni fortejaces. ltistori~. vir~us stmluiristi reddere vitam.'at the same time with our historian; besides the Fr:issart Mieulier, linetri-n vivas snuteiti reddere vitam. the youteg esquire from Hainault, whom I menttioned in tilhe beginig into vita edet at l tibi. of this miemoir, one finlds in the Chronicle of our author a D:,n Frons- JOANNES FROISSAtRDUS, saut, who had signalized himself at the siege which the cosunt de Canonicuw aned Thiesaura rios Ecclesie Collegiatie, Sancta Mlfona Hainault ihad formned in 1340 against the town of St. Amiand. Thisi. fee totius Belgii oppido. monk defended for a considerable time a breach which had been Pim st- t-ii fut tisBiio Prosimnu dlniii turonriis fiorebit Franiia scriptis, *'Tlls sumu may amount to about 25 guineas of our present coin. —S'r. PALAvE. i iS tucaue ndit aquas' Tliis was called by our ancestors a I-tenee6e, id est, hianap, Pull of momney: f-i'll I/ribs Wt. hnki-s hIinos, teempli sic mimam vigebis whilence conmes the atinaper office in the English trea snary.-Sr. PALAzr.'l'e ulse ducem hinstorhip Gallia tote colet, $ See particulars of Wace, author of'the romaunce of rutus, in iMr. Ellis's Specinmens linlt-m-n tiai coet cnte uine vallin iumiit of early Engish poets. of~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~)u erlsE-gsppii-edenus noroprins Sealtis n-biluit agree. t t os inot; seem pr-table that he lived long after comnpleting tue tast chamters of his i htosy. Thuty appear to he rather muotes fer fhture revisal, theme fiislued portiouns of' the * flue tainnut t ien suiiult Iins utnimtti werno, end ttm).conclusion'o iin-u!arly abrupt. —EIm. 6 AN ESSAY ON THE WORKS OF FROISSART. AN ESSAY that one must seek for the termination of that part of his History which Froissart carried to England, and presented to queen Phillppa oN of Hainault.* It necessarily precedes those books, or parts, in which the death of this queen in 1369 is related it even precedes, if I am THE WORKS OF FROISSART. not mistaken, everything one reads prior to 1367, when he was ap f'lA8NSLATED FROM THIE FRENCH OF M. DE LA CTRNgE DE ST. PALAYE. pointed clerk of the closet to the queen of England; for, I. believe, it was the History which he presented to her that made him known. BY THOMAS JOINES. and gained him the office he held in the household of tha princess life of Froissart has been the subject of the preceding pages. One cannot doubt but that it was posterior to the recital of the THE wi fel now give you bee the, hisory o hisworks as wll pinted as.battle of Poitiers in 1356, since it was but at that epocha he began I will now give you the history of his works, as well printed as to write. One must not seek for it either before or after the years manuscript, in verse and in prose; and I will, as faithfully as I amtowie Onmutotsk ether b o the year 1357, 1358, 1359, or 1360; I would rather fix on the year 1360; able, detail their contents. It may, perhaps, be thought I have, for in that year was the treaty of Brefigny concluded, which gave pushed these details too far; but, I feel I owe a particular attention o eionledwhc ae peace to the French and English. This period agrees tolerably well to an historiaui who alone is worth a number of others, by the t the rah aimport-p ance of the subjects he treats of, and from the length of time his with the time our author appears to have gone into England: the history continues. I have besides observed that the author has circumstance of the peace naturally intercepted a History which had apparently no other object than to treat of deeds of arms. expanded, in the course of his work, many facts which serve to clear apparently no other object than to treat of deeds of arms. up many preceding facts; and that, for want of this information, it The second and third volumes are terminated at similar periods one at the peace between the duke of Burgundy with Ghent in 1385, has often happened that I have been stopped in my reading, and and the other between the French and English in 1387. and the other between the French and English in 1387. have not profited so much by it %s I otherwise should have done. It is this which has mlade me sensible of the wrant those who read Froissart discontinued writing in 1392, and during the following is this which has made me sensible of the want those who read Froissart would have of such an explanation. To smooth all diffi- years, which were passed in a succession of truces between France and England; of which Froissart took advantage, by going to Eng. eulties, and to lay down such rules as may conduit them, I have land, where he had not been for twenty-seven years. athwlpted to do that, which I should have been glad to have found done, when I began to read this author: for, I do not simply propose IV. Did Froissart make these divisions?-One may ask if Frois. to give an idea of our -Historian, that may satisfy those whom cura- sart himself rivided his History in the manner we have related? I usity alone may induce to peruse; my object is, that these Memoirs do not doubt but he was the author of the division into four volumes; sh.ould serve as an introduction to 1hose who may be induced to read for, besides that it is so in all the manuscripts, even of those of.his him; and that they should render him, as much as may be possible, own time, he sometimes cites facts in some of these volumes which more easy, more interesting, and more instructive. Iad been related in a former, and makes use of these expressions, I. General Plan of isistory-Te History which Froissart has "as it is mentioned in another History;" or in these words, "as you I. General _Plan of his History. —The History which Froissarhas have before heard related in the preceding book of this renowned left us extends from 1326 until 1400. It is not confined to the events excellent History But as for the subdivisions of the first volume ~~~~ewhich were passing in Francsfoe during this long period; irt comprevolume which were passing in France deu ring this long period; it ompre- into four, six, or eight books, it is not to be found in the most ancient hends, with almost as much detail, every considerable affair which happened in England, Scotland, end Ireland, and in Flanders. It manuscripts; besides, it is not uniformly the same in those wherein it is seen: I therefore do not hesitate in attributing them to the includes also an infinite number of particulars relative to the affairs t is seen: I therefore do not hesitate in attributing them to the of the popes of Rome and of Avignon; of Spain, Germany, Italy; copyists, who have made them of their own accord. With regard to the chapters of each volume, and the titles of these sometimes even of Russia, Hungary, T~irkey, Africa, and other plceMbyodse;nhot ochapters, they are only to be met with in the printed copies; and in places beyond sea; in short, of acmost the whole known world. the manuscripts of that time, and posterior to it, they are different, But this immense multitude of facts, so diffbrent firom each other; according to the different manuscripts or printed copies; and 1 see whose chronological order is not very clearly made out, freauently no probability that Froissart was the author of them. One single presents to the reader but a confused mixture of events, passed at passage may create a difficulty on this subject. It is in the firs different times, and in different places, of which he cannot form any distierent tidme, and w s miffemry cannot untred volume, where the historian refers you to a preceding chapter; but distinct idea, and whose memory cannot unite so many scattered bjects, which hahve a necessary connection between each other. this passage is evidently an interpolation. Notwithstanding it is in objects, which have a necessary connection between each other. tetrebaklte dtos-adi hs fDnsSuae ti the three black-letter editions, and in those of Denys Sauvage, it is II. A more detailed Plan of Froissart's History.-The History of not to be found in any of the manuscripts which I have seen, wi.t Froissart is divided into four books, or volumes, as well in all the the exception of a single one in the National Library, No. 8321, manuscripts, as in all the printed editions. which is of the date of the latter end of the fifteenth century, and one The first begins with the coronation of Edward III. king of Eng- of the least authentic copies we have.t' land, in 1326, and with the accession of Philip de Valois to the V. The time which T'roissart employed in the composition of his crown of France in 1328: and closes with the year 1379 inclusively. istory.-The principal of these divisions, that which divides the Froissart begins his second volume with the last three years of the historoFistintforvlmssee tomras ay preceding volume, and with more detail, havinga gained fuller inform- history of Froissart nto fou volumes, serves to mark as many difation than when he first wrote it. He continues it until the peace of ferent epochs, at which he stopped in the course of his work; whether athe men of Ghent with the duke of Burgundy, the treaty of which from want of materials, having carried his narration to the time of'the men of Ghient with the duke of Burgundy, the treaty of which ishiwrtg;owehrheisdtoaksmeepehinlad in the last chapter but one of this volume, dated the 18th December, his writig; or whether he wished to tae some repose himself, and 1385. allow the same to his readers; but these are not the only places 1385. The third voume goes back as ar s the year 1382 incluively, where Froissart has suspended the course of his history; many have Treciting several events, which had been mentioned in the second, been pointed out, and I will endeavor to fix a date to them, as well reciting several events, which had been mentioned in the second, a oohrt h toto yaiiis from the 93rd chapter until the end. The e-encs of these last four as to others, to the utmost of my abilities. from the haptbeen already related, arTe so mucho expanded in the Before enterin g on this examination, I shall explain the manner in years, which had benlradrlaedaeo xpwhich I understand Froissart discontinued to write his history. From third volume, that they occupy the first twenty-nine chapters. TPhe~ third volume, that they occupy the first twenty-nine chapters. The. all I have said of his life, he is seen continually occupied with this rest is employed in the history of the following years until 1389, end-obetupad of his life, rcoigfonth t ing with the truce concluded for three years between France and object: upward of forty years of his life, reconing from the time IRngland, and with the preparations that were making for the entry he was twenty, were passed in tis pursuit; bat in suchtl a great of the queen Isabella de Baviere into Paris, of which the author leth of time, there is one part of it which more directl belons to ~promises to speak hf~ereafter. ~the composition of this worlk; I mean that, when, returning from his promises to speak hereafter. z The fourth volume begins with a recital of all the feasts and mag- travels and laborious irquiries, he collected his materials, arranged traels and faorious a~ ureh connected his mtorylsuc asrr aveitatth nificences which were made for this entry, and ends with the de- them, nforme a connected history, such as we have it at th thlroning and death of Richard II. king of England, in 1400, and hCroning and death of Richard II. king of England, in 1400, ad There exists at Valenciennes a very curious MS., recently made public by M. Buchon with the election which was made that same year of Robert, empe- in his excellent edition of Froissart, which there is reason to believe was the original of ror of Germany. These events terminate the last two chapters of the book presented toqueenPlhilippa. In its general tenoritseemsco re only thie groundthe whole work. work of the more expanded narrative of subsequent MSS., but some more minute This manner of dividing the History of Froissart is the same in details respecting tue country of Hainault, of no general interest, and a variation in l the manuscripts and printed copies; but these divisions do not the account of Edlward's investiture with the offlice of Legate to the Empire, an affair ho en at te sam placs in ll th copies.*~ bwhich hlie afterwards wished to suppress, make it very probable that the Valenciennes always begin or end at the same places in all the copies.* SIs. was the original expansion of that of John le Bel, which was afterwards remodIII. Division of the four volumes of Froissart into Chapters, vnd eled at the English court-ED. of the first volume into several Parts,-The four volumes of the The chapters of Froissart are very ditficult to settle. We have retained Mr. Johnes'u division into chapters, but not his notation, which hie suited to Ihis quarto or octravo History of Froissart are each subdivided into a great number of without ny attetion to te original division into four volumes. W chapters, which are differently placed, according to different manu- have restored the original division into books or volumes, withsout which the reade scripts and printed copies; but, besides these divisions, in a great is confused: since, as has been shown by M. de St. Palaye, eacrl was written ann many manuscripts there is one which is particular to the first vol-. made publlic by the author as a separate history. There cannot be a stronger proot ume. Some have four books, or parts, others six, and some eight. of tsis, and of Froissart's strong desire to relate the real truth without biss, than the fact, that the lirstboolt or volume, which was chiefly founded on the work of John I will spea. more fully when I come to mention the manuscripts of le Bel, is that in which the greatest variation of copies is ibund: in fact no two MSS. Froissart. of that book wholly agree. Froissart corrected it from time to time, and seemed It is in one of these four, six, or eight divisions of the first volume, never tired of emendation; the greater part of the original being hearsay, he was not oimfied until he had himself examined the best witnesses:. and hence the various * No two manuscripts of the first volume have been found exactly and variatioa in the first book. which haive embarrassed every editos — E AN ESSAY ON THE WORKS OF FROISSART. 7 day. As he worked at it at different times, I sha(l attempt to assign chapter of this volume*. There is nothing to prevent us from believ. to each of the parts the suitable time for it; to fix when it was begun ing that the preceding volume had been composed by the orders of and finished; how many years he employed upon it, and the inter- the same nobleman, since I have shown, in the Memoirs of his Life, vals during which he ceased to write: I think all these details neces- that Froissart had appeared to have been attached to his service from sary. Froissart travelled over large tracts of country, and made in the year 1385. several places long residences; he was attached, at different times, The third volume, which returns to those events that had happened to courts whose interests were in opposition; he lived with a great since the year 1382, and which gives a fuller account of them, had number of princes and lords, of different parties It would have been been, as I have just said, begun on in 1390, and was already finished very difficult for him not to have been biassed by prejudices, or in 1392. The author makes it so to be understood in that part influenced by affection for some, and hatred to others; and that he where he speaks of the conventions entered into by the duke of Brit. should always have steered clear of the illusions of partiality; for tany with the king of France. He says, that at the time he was his candor alone would have served to have rendered him more sus- finishing this book, the duke had faithfully obse'ved them, and had ceptible of them.* If all the circumstances are recollected of the not done anything worthy of being noticed. We shall hereafter life of our historian, which have been related in the preceding pages, witness the disobedience of this duke in 1392; who having received and they are connected with those times in which he worked at the Peter de Craon at his palace, at the time a state criminal, he refused to composition of different parts of his history, not only the nature of obey the orders which Charles VI. sent him to give him up. This whole the information he might be in a situation to collect will be manifest, volume seems to me to have been composed without interruption; at as well relative to places, as to the persons he had seen; but those least there is a material connection between several chapters at a grea' persons to whom he may be supposed to have leaned, willbe pointed distance from each other. out. These grounds being once established, will be of very great The interval there is between the third and fourth volumes, seems assistance in enabling us to appreciate more justly the different to have been caused more to give repose Yo the reader than to the degrees of authority he deserves, according to the various matters historian; for Froissart, in ending the third, announces the events he treats of, and the times in which hlie treats of them. Without it which are to be the materials of the fourth volume. I believe the his. being necessary for me to explain myself more at length on this sub- torian, immediately on completing the third, wrote the first 50 chapters;ect, every reader may apply this rule as he shall advance in the of the fourth volume, which close with the events of 1392. A great reading of Froissart; it will serve him as a guide each step he takes; number of manuscripts, and black-letter editions, which only begin it will guard him from error or seduction; whether the historian shall the fourth volume after these fifty chapters, form a very natural preju. have been ill-informed; whether he should wish to impose on his dice in favor of this opinion: besides, from the year 1392, when they readers, supposing it true that he should be capable of so doing. end, two years passed in continual negotiations between the French The first volume of Froissart comprehends, as I have said before, and English; during which, several truces, but of short duration, were the history from 1326 to 1379. This period includes the time of his made; which, however, ended at last in a peace, or truce, for four'ourney to England, when one may readily suppose he had discon- years. One cannot doubt but that Froissart then interrupted his tinued the work; for he considered it then as being finished to that writing; since that was the time he performed his journey into Eng.part, since he says he carried it to England, where hlie presented it to land, where he resided three months. I believe this interval was the queen. It ends, as I have already said, about the year 1360; and, considerable, because the remainder of the fourth volume, which as we have seen that it was completed in 1361, and that he had only seems to me to have been written without intermission, was composed. begun on it about the year 1357, it is evident that Froissart scarcely if I mistake not, but several years after this journey; that is to say employed more than three or four years in the composition of this part toward the end of the fourteenth, or the beginning of the fifteentl of his work; which nevertheless appears to me one of those with which century. One finds in it those events which belong to the years 133w he has taken the most pains. and 1400. I find nothing that may lead us to form any judgment A sort of Connection which I find between several chapters of the how long a time the author employed on this last part. remainder of this first volume, of which the first announces others at a It is necessary to make one general observation on the subject of great distance, convinces me that this remainde- has been composed these intervals which I have just been speaking of, and of which I off-hand, and without interruption; and that, consequently, the author have attempted to determine the length. When our historian finished only began to write it toward the year 1379, since he closes it with the one of the parts of his history, he brought it down to the time whea account of the events of this same year. In truth, I believe that, during he was writing; and toward the end he related the events as they the time he passed in the service of queen Philippa from 1361 to 1369, were passing: from whence it happens, as it seems to me, that there he was more occupied in writing, by her orders, poems on gallantry is much confusion, often omissions and mistakes, which he has been and love verses, than in laboring at his history; and that, although in obliged to correct or alter in the following parts. It is probably these his different travels, several of which were after the death of this prin- different supplements which have made him take in many places the cess, hlie was anxious to gain every information of the history of his title not only of " actor," that is to say, author, but in addition to it, own time, he had not, in the midst of an agitated life, either sufficient that of augmentator, of this history; and that he says in other parts leisure, or a mind enough disengaged, to write it. He employed three of it, "to have undertaken, continued, and augmented." or four years in composing the last half of his first volume; for we VI. The inquiries Froissart made to compose his History, and the shall see, that the following volume, which he did not immediately pains he took on this subject.-It has been shown with how much begin on, was written from 1385 to 1388. pains and fatigues Froissart had visited the greater part of the courts Notwithstanding Froissart may have written the first volume at two in Europe. Admitted into the palaces of the greatest lords, he insindifferent times, it seems that the preface, which is at the beginning, uated himself into their confidence to so great a degree, that they not was not done until the whole was finished; for the author speaks in only related to him many particulars of their own lives, and of those it of his travels into Scotland, whither he did not go until after he had events in which they had had a share, or been eye.witnesses of; but presented the first half of this volume to the queen of England. they discovered to him sometimes the secret of the resolutions which No material interruption is met with in the course of the second had been entered into in the councils of the cabinet upon the most volume. The author employs the first twenty-seven chapters in re- important affiairs: he never failed to take advantage of his conversacapitulating the events of the last three years of the preceding vol.. tions with those with whom hlie could converse and interrogate with urme, which had been too succinctly related. He adds new facts greater freedom. It seems that he had learnt many details of the or new circumstances to those he had before told, or rectifies the court of France from the servants even of the king, and from those narration, as having been better informed afterwards; and it is from who were near to his person. this that I draw my proof, that there was some interval between the If in his travels at court, or in other places he visited, he met with composition of the first volume, and that which followed. After these any from whom he thought he could gain information, more especially first twenty-seven chapters he resumes the thread of his history, which cdptains, or heralds, who in those times were the most usual agentsa he follows until the peace the men of Ghent obtained from the duke in negotiations, and in affairs of importance; he began a conversaof Burgundy, and of which he reports the original treaty, dated the tion with them, and insensibly led them to speak of those parts of 18th of December, 1385. history of which they ought to be best informed, whether in regard W. It is toward the year 1385 or 1386, that Froissart began to write his the country where they were, or to other circumstances of their lives: second volume: it was finished in 1388. This same year he visited and he never quitted them until he had made them tell all they knew; the count de Foix; and in the account he gives of his travels he says, all of which he immediately set down in writing. Not content teo that different persons reminded him of events which he had related collect all these precious authorities, and to compare very carefully, in his history; and these evauts are told in the second volume, which, as he himself informs us, the information of persons who had been, according to appearances, was immediately written, attached to difierent parties, he sought for proofs still less liable to, There is an interval of upward of two years between the composition suspicion. He consulted the treaties which princes had entered into, of this volume and the ensuing one; for the author only began on the with each other, their challenges or declarations of war, the lettell third in 1390. He then wrote it by order, and at the expense, of the they wrote to each other, and other papers of this nature. He ez.. count de Blois: this he expressly says in the beginning of the first pressly says, that he had seen many which he does not introduc%, particularly those of the chancery of the king of England; and sonme * This is a very beautiful sentiment of St. Palaye's, and no less beautiful than true. of them are transcribed entire in the course of his history. It appearu flut the earnest desire Froissart showed to acquaint himself with both sides of every that he did not choose everything he found as chance offered them, question, searching out truth with greater diligence than hasever before or since hero but iat he examined them critically, and laid aside all those whoet.hewn by any historian, attaches great weight to infonnation given on his own autho-'sty: and wherever he is convicted'of misstatements, it is upon the faith of another, authenticity did not seem to hsm fully proved. which he honestly quotes. —Ex. * Page 68, Vol. I1. of the division of this edition. ~8 ~ AN ESSAY ON THE WO11KS OF FROISSARI. VII. What end Froissart proposed to himself in writing his his- specih d l'auble crevant, to say, that the dawn of day has but just tory; and what rules he had laid down to himself in writing it.- begirn to show itself; au soleil resconsant, to express the setting sun; One mayeasily judge, from the detail of the attentions which Frois. d l,,f'evie, for the time which follows the hour of midday; and d sart himself tells us he took, that he was acquainted with the rules of la rernentde, which seems to me synonymous to la vspr1e, for the sound criticism, and the true method which ought to be followed in evening, the time at which the day approaches to its end. writing history. He likewise informs us, that he had not the inten- IX. (J the first thirty years which Proissart has treated of at the tion 9f making a dry chronicle, wherein facts are simply related with beginning,,F his History, after John le Bel; that is to say, from 1326 their dates, and in the order they happened, but that he was anxious t 1356.-he fist thirty years of the history of Frossart are prop le witewhatmaybe clle in rut hisory irtwhih th evntsto 1356. —The first thirty years of the history of Froisstart are, prop. to write what may be called in truth history, in which the events lwere presented with oil the circumstances which had attended them. erly but a relivinary, which serves to give the reader some inforn. ation relative to the wars which he was afterwards to give an accoun! The details which lay open the secret springs by which mankind act, of He describes the state of France and of England; and saowb are precisely those which unveil the character and the very heart of.He the saeoF rne adoEnld;ads the cause of the quarrel between the two crowns, which was the ithe personages which history places on the stage; and this was one a of the b ar the o rocl aste origin of those bloody wars they carried on reciprocally against each of'he essential parts of the design which Froissart had proposed to othir. Froissart cannot be reckoned a contemporary writer of these other. Froissart cannot be reckoned a contemporary writer of these himself in writing history. Many passages in his work indicate that first thirty years; he was not born, or if he was, he was in his he had a natural inclination for it, and that he found infinite pleasure infancy, or of such an age that he could not make any great use of in woiking at it; but another object, which does him much more h is reason. He therefiore scarcely ever mentions these thirty years, honor, had greatly strengthened this natural taste: he proposed to as an utor who has seen what he reltes; and, without doubt, presrve fo ags t coe, he emoy o thse en ho ad adeas an author who has seen what he relates; and, without doubt, it preserve, for ages to come, te memory of those mn who had made must be to this period alone that one can refer what he says in the themselves renowned by their courage, or by their virtues; to give commencement of his history, that he wrote after nothr who hd commencement of his history, that lie wrote after another who had to their actions a value, which nothing can efface or alter; and, by lived before: it is, as he tells us, "The true Chronicles of John le amusing usefully his readers, to give birth to, or augment in their Bel, canon of Saint Lambert of Liege." These chronicles have not Bel, canon of Saint Lamb'ert of Liege."" These chronicles have not hearts, the love of glory, by the most brilliant examples. een handed down to us; and I cannot discover anything more, This desire, which always animated him in his various inquiries, thr oncrnin the wor or its author, but wht Frosart tells us. supported him during forty years of labor, in which hlie neither spared Heipeaks of him as one who no longer existed; but he boasts his attetio no tie, nd fr wichhe eard no exendng eryHe speaks of him as one who no longyer existed; but he boasts his eattention nor time, and for which he feared not expending very exactness, and the pains he took in comparing his chronicles, and considerable sums of monedy. In effect, nothing can be more proper the considerable expenses he was at on this subject. lIe represent the considerable expenses he was at on this subject. Ile represents than the spectacle which Froissart places continually before the eyes him as the hvorite and confidant of John of Hainault, in cornpany of his readers, to inspire them with a love for war; that industrious with whom lie might have witnessed several great events, which, vigilance, always on its guard against surprises, is incessantly active says he, shall in the end be related; for the earl, who was nearly to surprise others; that activity, which counts as nothing pains and related to seveal kings, had played a principal part in many of these fatiue;thatconemp of eat whih eevaog te mnd aovetherelated to several kings, had played a principal part in many of these fatigue; that contempt of death which elevatc the mind above the transactions. "~ear of danger; in short, that noble ambition which excites to enter-trnaios fear of danger; in short, that noble ambition which exctes to ener- Froissart, in these thirty years, which are anterior to the battle o! prises of the greatest peril. He passes in review all the heroes Pitiers i 1356, enters more into the detail of the histoy of the Poitiers, iin 1356, enters more into the detail of the history of the which, uearly during a whole century, were produced by two warlike English than f the French, perhas from hving followed in this English than if the French, perhips from having followed in this nations; one of which was encouraged by successes as flattering as respect his original author, who had ten a mc reter inerest in they were uninterrupted; and the other, irritated by its misfortunes, the history of ngland, from its connections with the counterest in was making exertions to revenge, at whatever price it may be, itsth iorofEgadfo tscneinswhte ut eHiwas maing exertions to revene, at whatever price it my be, its ault. This certainly is the cause why those manuscripts, Which only own honor and its king. In so great a number of actions, of which contain the first years of the Chronicle of Froissart, are called Chron. many were extremely glorious to each party, it is not possible but icles of England; and also has given rise to the reproach which has that some were to be found of a quite different sort. Froissart does been made to him of being the palrtisan of England, and ill-inclined not take the less pains to paint these last, in order to give as much toward France, an accusation which I shall exnlane at the end of horror for vice, as he wished to inspire love for virtue: but, if all this criticism, do not think Froissart could have chosen a bette these pictures had been the fruits of his own imagination, they would guide for the his ory of the thirty years than the uthor he says he guide, for' the histonry of the thirty years than the author he says he nothave been felt as much as he wished them. In order that their followed. To judse of the information which this historian might impression on the heart and mind should be perfectly sure and trong,'ave dran from mie intinacy with which he lived with John o it was necessary that their basis should be founded on the purest Hanat, e mt ecolect the situation in which this earl then was. Hamian'.t, one must recollect the situation in which this earl then was. truth, disengaged from all flattery, as well as from partiality, or The queen of England, Isabella of France, had fled from England interest. interesti tu hcorhsrapqehmewih vn with the young prince of Wales, her son, afterwards Edward III., to It is this truth which our historian piques himself with havn free herself from the persecutions of the Spencers, and the other smotmh after with the greatest care. However, all I have just said i favorites of her husband, Edwmrd II. taken from his own words, spread over an infinity of passages, in his Charles le el, king of France, brothe to this queen, was forced.istory; and it is this alone that I guarantee. It remains to be seen to order her to quit his kingdom, after he had aforded her an asylu if he has as faithfully observed this law which he imposes on himself for some time. the court of the count de Hainault, of whom we as he has promised it. But before I enter into an examination of r seim he on oue o e m t a o n are speaking, was the only resource for the mother and son; not this question, I shall make some general observations on his chro-arseknwsteolrsucefrhemhradsn nt this question, I shall make some general observations on his chro- only was this open to them, but they found there powerful succors to nology: I shall then speak of the first thirty years of his history, carry with them to England, and to draw down vengeance on their which are, properly speaking, but an introduction to the forty, and enemies. The young prince had there met a virtuous and anmiabl ~ome years which follow them, until tie end of the fifteenth century. oe yearswhch follow them, until te n of the fifteenth century. princess (she was one of the daughters of the count,) who felt for VIII. The Chronology of Froissart.-I observe in the chronology him those fist sentinents of a natural inclination which seem to him those fir~st sentiments of a natural inclination which seeml to WIII T~ Chrnolgy o Frissrt.-I oserv inthe hrsoloy foretell the most dur~;ble attachments: lie conceived a stron, affece of Froissart two capital defects, which are the source of all the dis-n order found in it. The first is, that when he passes from the history tion for her, made her his bride, and afterwards she was plmced with tim on the thrc, of Enaolnd. It is the sa we to whom Froissacwt of one country to another, he makes the history which he begins go nte hi o E back to a period anterior to what he has just spoken of, witi;out presemted his History. having had the attention to inform his readers of it. The second, Foisstwte then after an author who was himself personally which is not less considerable, is, that he hlas not settled ii his own acquainted with all these facts, and from the persons the best informed; mind the manner of counting the years; he makes them sometimes for it was their own history. The writer, who appears to have been begin the 1st of January; at other times at Easter; others even at brought up at the court of the count de Hainault, was living im the Palmn Sunday. Froissart does pot confine himself to date by years greatest familiarity with those, to whom all the circumstances of this the events he relates; months, days, hours of the day, are often court, which were then recent, would be in their recollection, and expressed in his different recitals. I remark, with regard to the pefctly well now to them; and he roe the histoy of it for days, that he only begins them when night is completely goie, and queeu Philippa, of Hainault, who had acted so principal a part im it: at daybreak begins to appear. With regard to te hours of the never was there a historian who had more undeniable witnesses of that daybreak begins to appear. With regard to the hours of the day, he gives them a division, of which some examples, but in a the facts he relates. Never was there one ii whom grenter confismall number, are seen in our ancient authors, and to which he very dence could be placed, than in Froissirt in this part of his history particularly attaches himtelf. He divides them accordingm to the You will, however, recollect the faults which M. Lancelot has cor. iianonical hours of primrre, tierce, none, and aures; because, perha s rected in several articles which concern the history of England at.canonical hours of prime, tierce, none, and v~pres; because, perhaps, ihe was in the ecclesiastical line himself. I observe, that he has not this period. His criticism is founded on the origiial acts which he anywhere made use of the word sexte: what he means by prime, h had in his hands, ad whose authority is unqestionable. Iurge was the morning, the first hour of the day, or the hour which folloed this example, because it seems to me more proper than any other, to:next after daybreak. Tietce seems to me to mark the intermediate make a truth, important to our history, nore strongly felt, andwhich tnime between the morning and midday, which he expresses either has been so much recommended by authors the most versed in this by the word midday, or by that of none. Afterwards conies sipre, study; I mean the absolute necessity of accompanying the study of,or, la vspree: it was, as the word points out, the end of the day history with the comparing it with the original acts of those timey; after which was reckoned midnight. Sometimes he adds to these Some of them enlighten par which are wanting, while others add words of prime, tierce, none, vupres, the epithet of basse, to mark to the testimonies of history a degree of authenticity of which they that the time of these hours was near closing; and sometimes the are but in too much need; and it is from this comparison that the wor4 haute, which, in some instances, appears to have the same certitude of these truths results as much as their nature is susceptible imig' ~icatiomi, and in others quite the contrary. He uses this modo of i * See nmoto,. vi. A CRITICISM ON rHE HISTORY OF FROISSART. 9 with regard to us. I shall reserve for another opportunity to speak that of his council. During the time the war was carrying on witll of those forty and some years following, which Fioissart wrote as a the greatest obstinacy, he obtained a passport for the princess Anne contemporary historian, and as an eye-witness, I may say, of every- of Bohemia to go to England, where she was to marry Richard II. thing which was then passing in the world. But I shall first exa- Charles and his uncles accompanied this favor with the most obliging mine the dlifferent judgments which have been passed on this histo- letters, adding, they only granted it out of friendship to him. Froisnan, and particularly the almost universal reproach which has been sart had not any interest to write against France during the time he made to him, of being a violent partisan of the English, and a declared passed with this prince; he had, shortly afterwards, still less, when enemy to the French. I shall speak of his partiality in other res- lihe was secretary to the count de Blois, who crowned a life, conm pects, his credulity in certain articles, his exactness in others, and pletely devoted to the interests of France, by the sacrifice of the in. his mode of writing: I will then enumerate the detail of the editions terests of his own family. The most trifling marks of ill-will against which we have of his history; I will discuss the merits and faults of France would have exposed him to lose not only the good graces or each of them; I shall more especially examine whether that of Sanu- his master, but, the fruits of his historical labors, which he had in. vage hhs more corrupted and falsified the text than it has enlightened it. duced him to continue, and which he so generously recompensed. In short, I shall give a summinary account of upward of forty vol- The historian therefore, fearful of the reproaches which might he ames, in folio, of manuscripts of this history, which I have collated made him for being too good a Frenchman, reproaches very different with great attention. from those which have been since made him, thinks himself bound to justify, in the following terms, what he relates of the inviolable attachment of the Bretons to the crown of France against the EngA CRITICISM[ lish, vol. iii. chapter lxv. p. 240, year 1387. " Let no one say I have ON been corrupted by the favor which the count Guy de Blois (who has.made me write this history) has shown unto me, and who has so THE HISTORY OF FROISSART. liberally paid me for it that I am satisfied, because he was nephew to the true duke of Brittany, and so nearly related as son to count SLTED FROt THE FRENCH OF iH. nE a UtE HE ST. vE, Louis de Blois, brother-german to Charles de Blois, who, as long as BY THOMAS JOHNES. he lived, was duke of Brittany: no, by my trotih, it is not so; for I will not speak at all, unless it be the truth, and go straight forward,'I HAVE laid before you the views with which Froissart wrote his withont coloring one more than another: besides, the gallant prince Chronicles, the care he took to be informed of dll the events which and court, who have made me undertake this history, had no other were to make parts of it, and the rules, he h'-; imposed on himself in wish but for me to say what is true." writing it. I shall at present examine no has been exact in Since Froissart in all these times, which carry us almost to the end observing these rules; what are the defects and advantages of his of his Chronicle, cannot be suspected of hatred to the French, nor history; what is the form and style of it. From thence I shall pass of affection to the English; I return to those years I have omitted to the manuscripts and editions we have of it; then to the abridg- from 1329 to 1369, of which he passed a considerable part in ng. nents and different translations which have been published. land, attached to the king and queen, and living in a sort of famil. Froissart is accused of partiaity; and thiis accusation is become iarity with the young princes, their children: it is in respect to these so general, that it seems to have acquired tie character of notoriety - years, that the suspicion of partiality to the English can subsist with whose privilege is to supersede proSrisse Is sa i tohav whose privilege is to supesee proofs. Froissart is said to have the greatest force. It was difficult, in a court where everything sold his pen to the English, who paid him a considerable pension; old his pen to the English, who pi him a considerable pension breathed hatred to France, for him to preserve that perfect neutrality and, by a necessary consequence of his affection for them, he is unfa- which the quality of an historian demands; and that he should not vorable to the French. Bodin, Pasquier, Brant6me, Soiel, la Pope- lean toward that passion of princes to whom he owed his present tinibre, le Laboureur, decide against him in the most positive terms. fortune, and from whom he expected more considerable establish-'It seemnis even that his readers, prejudiced by the connections which ments. One might find reasons to wealen.this prejudice, in the Froissart had with the English, may have some reason to distrust sweetness and moderation which queen Philippa ever preserved in everything he relates to their advantage. In truth, he begins by say- the nidst of all these wars; who calmed the fury of her husband at ng, that he had written his history at the solicitations of' Robert d the siege of Calais, and who obtained, by her instances, the pardon Namur, a near relation of the queen Philippa, and a vassal of the of the six generous citizens of that town whom he had condemned arown of England, which he usefully served againat France. In to death. I might add, that if Froissart was of the household of king another part he informs us, that he was' of the household of Edward Edward, he was also of the household of king John; and it seems he [II. the most cruel enenmy of the French; and that his queen, to was attached to this prince even at the time when he was in Eng whom hlie was secretary, had nriot only, by her liberalities, enabled land. him to travel into various parts in order to enrich his history, but But, witout seekin to combat these prejudices by others, shall that she had generously paid him for his labors in it., I shall lt he had generously paid him for his laborsin it. simply consult the text of Froissart, which must, in this respect, be In short, the first twenty-six chapters of his Chronicle solely con- the rule of our judgment. After having read him with all the attencern time history of England, which has been the reason why it has tion I am capable of, without having marked one single trace of the been called'the " Chronicle of' England" in several manuscripts, partiality they reproach him with, I have examined with the utmost Fromn thence it has been concluded that Froissart, from his intimate care some principal points, where naturally it ought to have been the attachment to the court of England, umust be a violent partisan of that most apparent. nation, and the enemy of its enenmies. Nothing more was wanted The accession of Philip de Valois to the crown had incensed all for the most innocent accounts-, /- given by any other historian, for the most innocent accoumt, iven by any other histori England, who adopted the chimerical pretensions of Edward III. appearing as poisonous if issueed fr'om his pen; but, in order to judge ppearin0 as poisomous if issmed from his pen; but, in order to judge This was a delicate circumstance for an historian, who, living in the if this suspicios has, any foundation, I will rum over thle period of midst of a court, and a nation so strongly prejudiced, was determined which he has transmitted to us the history, in examining successively not to quit the line of duty. Now, these are the termns in which the dfifierent situations he was inc wvhen he wrote the various parts Froissart relates this event, after having mentioned the deaths of the ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~of it. kings, Louis Hutin, Philip le Long, and Charles le Bel: " The twelve Froissart cannot be suspected of partiality during the first years peers and barons of France did not give the ream of France to their of the reign of Edward III. This prince never forgot that his uncle, sister, who was queen of England, because they declared,nd mainking Csarles he Bel, had given him an asylum in his kingdom; tained, an'd still resolve, that the kingdom of France is so noble, that whem, with his moth'er, Isabella of' France, he lied escaped from the it ought not to descend to a female, nor consequently to the king ot persecution of the Spencers, w~ho governed the mind of lois father, England, her eldest son; for thus they determine, that the sort of a Edwtard II. The court of France hald not any sisunderstamiding female cannot claim any right of succession as coming from his,vith that of England during the reign of Charles. I pass over for a mofher, wsen the mother herself has not any right; so ilat, for these momemnt the forty years whichs followed from 1329, when the sue- reasons, the twelve peers and the barons of France unanimously decession to the crown of F'rance being opened by the death of Charles creed the kingdom ofFrance to my lord Philip, nepsew to the good Ic Bel, the bonds which had united the kings of France amd England king Philip of France, beibre-nentioned, and took from the queen of became themselves the source of divisions and of the most murderous England and her son the right of succeeding to the last king, Charles. wars; and I come to the times which succeeded the death of queen Thus, as it appeared to many persons, did the kinrdom of France go Philippa in 1369, a period when Froissart, no longer residing in Engf- out of tse straight line of succession, which occasioned very great land, had attached himself to Winceslaus, duke of Brabant. Thiis wars in consequence," &c. This whole passage presents nothing prince, brother to the emperor Charles IV., was, in fact, uncle to but what must make one admire the courage mand candor of the his. Anne of Bohemini, who was nufterwards queen of England, by her torian, when even he should have added these words, ".it appeared marriage with Richard 11.: but he was also in tIme samne deglree o to many persons;" since it is not any matter of doubt that the sucrelationship with Charles V. of France, the son of his sister, and csson passed from te strght line to the collateral brach. Neverpreserving a strict neutrality between the two rival crowmfs, he was theless, some malignant intentiom was thought to lurh beneath, amd invited to the coronations of Charles V. and of Charles VI.'He the words "took from" having offended some readers, they have 9btained even in the last of these ceremonies the pardon of the count added in the margin a sort of correction, which I have seen in two dn St. Pol, whom the Idng's council wished to put to death for the manuscripts ii a hand almost as ancist as the manuscripts them. crime of high treason. selves: "They never could take away what they had never been in Froissart, who informs us of this circumstance, with which hue must possession of; nor had any right to. They never toolt it away; for have been well acquainted,, tells us another, which clearly shows diet neither the foresaid lady, nor her son, had even a right to it; Iul Winceslaus ever preserved the friendship of king Charles, as well a Froissart shows he was partial to the English." Ifs A CRITICISM ON THE HISTORY OF FROISSART. The homage which king Edward III. paid to the king of France, I thinlk I have fully established, by all *hat you have just read, thar iurt exceedingly the delicacy of the English: they had disputed for Froissart was not that partial historian that he has been accused of tome time, and with great warmth, on the form in which it was to Nevertheless, I think it will be more sure to read him with some cir s: made; seeking to curtail it of all that was humiliating to them. cumspection, and that one ought, as much as may be possible, never As the king of France firmly supported the prerogatives of his crown, to lose sight, I repeat it, of two objects which I have particularly -nd obliged Edward to acquit himself of this duty according to the endeavored to make observed in the preceding pages' I mean to say, terms which had been practiced by his predecessors, an historian who on one hand, the details of his life, his different attachments to dlvers was desirous of being complaisant would have slightly passed over princes and to certain lords, the connections he had or the friendships this artic!e. Froissart, however, insists upon it as much as he is he contracted with various persons; on the other, the situations in able; he neither omits the difficulties which the English made, nor which he was placed when he wrote his history, what parts of it were the authorities which king Philip opposed to them; and he accom- undertaken at the solicitation of the count de Namur, a partisan of Dpanies these details with the original acts the most proper to confirm the English, and those which he composed by the orders of the count them; so that, if the kings of France should ever have occasion to de Blois, a friend to France. For if one is determined to persuade verify their rights, the deposition alone of Froissart would furnish an oneself that he ought to be disposed to favor the English in all he tuthentic and incontestable title. relates until 1369, firom the same reason he should lean to the French The English accuse the French of not being very scrupulous in in all the ensuing years until the conclusion of his Chronicle. I observing treaties; and maintain, that sir Geoffry de Charni acted by ought not to neglect to mention that his prejudices are sometimes the secret orders of the king of France, when, in contempt of a truce visible when he enters into the minuter details, as one may be conwhich had been made, he attempted to surprise Calais in 1349. vinced of by the praise he gives to the piety and other virtues of the Rapin embraces this opinion, and supports it by the testimony of count de Foix, strongly contrasted by those actions of cruelty he had Froissart whom he quotes in the margin. I know not from what copy, just before related. But when an historian, disengaged from all nor what manuscript, he has taken his authority; but, for my part, I passion, should hold an even balance between the different parties; read in all the printed and in all the manuscripts these words, which when to this quality he adds that which cannot be refused to Froisare quite contrary to his sentiments: "I believe, that Geoffry de sart, I mean, a continual anxiety to be informed of every event, and Charni had never spoken of it to the king of France; for, the king of every particular, that may interest his readers; he will yet be very would never have advised him to attempt it, on account of the truce." far from perfection, if to these acquirements he dues not add sound The English again impute to Charles V. the infraction of the treaty criticism, which, in the multitude of discordant relations, knows how of Bretigny, which they first broke, if we believe the French. Far to separate everything that is distant from truth; or his work will fromn finding anything in Froissart which favors the English preten- otherwise be less a history, than a heap of fables and popular rumors. sions, I believe that, if the terms in which he expresses himself were Notwithstanding all Froissart tells us of the care he took to hear strictly examined, they would at least form a presumption against both sides, and to compare their different accounts with each other, them. I do not despair but that one day a brother academician will often with the original pieces, I think he may be accused of some give us all the proofs which a sound criticism, and a mature reading little negligence on this head. His manner of life allowed him but of the historical monuments of that age, can furnish on a point of little leisure to make all the reflections and all the comparisons which history which is of equal consequence to the nation and to truth. such an examination would require. In those countries whither his The single combat proposed in 1354 between the kings of France active curiosity carried him, other attentions occupied his mind. and of England, is still a matter of dispute between the historians of Charged sometimes with secret commissions, he endeavored to insin. the two nations. According to the French, the challenge sent in the uate himself into the good graces of those princes he visited, by name of king John was not accepted by Edward; while the Eng- compositions of gallantry, by romances, by poetry; and the love he lish say, their king dared the king of France to battle, but that he ever had for pleasure toot such possession of both his time and his refused the combat: Froissart decides formally for the French. heart, that his mind must have been often turned from the serious " The king of France," says he, " went after him as far as St. Omer, meditations of the cabinet, of which naturally it was not very capable. and sent to him (the king of England) by the marshal d'Authain, and I am not afraid to say, that his manner of life is to be found in some by several other knights, that he would fight with them, if he pleased, sort retraced even in his Chronicles. One sees in them tumultuous body to body, or strength against strength, any day he would name: meetings of warriors of all ages, degrees, and countries; feasts; enterbut the king of England refused the combat, and recrossed the sea tainments at inns; conversations after supper, which lasted until a late to England; and the king of France returned to Paris." hour; where every one was eager to relate what he had seen or done: To these examples I could add a great number of other passages after which the travelling historian, before he went to bed, hastened where he gives praise, as well to the people, as to the lords who sig- to put on paper everything his memory could recollect. One sees in nalized themselves by their attachment to the party of the French, them the history of events which happened during almost a century, and wherein he neither spares those who had declared themselves in all the provinces of the kingdom, and of all the people in Europe, against, nor those who had cowardly abandoned them. In addition related without order. In a small number of chapters, one frequently to what he says of the fidelity of the Bretons, and of the counts de meets with several different histories, begun, interrupted, recomn. Blois, their legitimate sovereigns, he praises the zeal with which menced, and again broken off; and in this confusion the same things several lords in Scotland received the French fleet sent in 1385 to repeated, whether in order to be corrected, contradicted, or denied, assist them against the English. The earl of Douglas, to whom he or whether to be augmented. appears much attached, and in whose castle he had spent several The historian seems to have carried even to his composition of the days in his travels into Scotland, seems to be of this number. At Chronicle his love of romances, and to have imitated the disorder the same time, hlie declaims against those whose bad faith and ingrati- which reigns in these sort of works; from which one might say he tude rendered this armament fruitless. He speaks in the strongest has affected even to borrow their style. Thus, for example, when terms of the presumption of the duke of Gueldres, who dared to he begins a narrative, he frequently uses this expression, "Now the declare war against the kiing of France (Charles VI.) in 1387, and tale says;" and when he speaks of the death of any one, or some of the insolence with which he expressed himself in his declaration other melancholy event, he adds, "but amend it he could not;" of war. He applauds the just indignation which induced this mon- phrases which are to be met with in almost every page of the romances arch to march in person to chastise the pride of this petty prince. of the Round Table. However, all I say of this romantic taste of In short, of.all nations whom he speaks of in his history, there are Froissart, which he seems to have preserved in his history, applies but few whom he has not sometimes marked with odious epithets. solely to the style he makes use of; for I have never once observed According to him, the Portuguese are passionate and quarrelsome; that he attempts to embellish it with the marvellous. The faults the Spaniards envious, haughty, and uncleanly; the Scots perfidious which are met with contrary to historical exactness, arise solely from and ungrateful; the Italians assassins and poisoners; the English the natural confusion of his mind, the precipitation with which he vain-boasters, contemptuous, and cruel. There is not one trait against wrote, and the ignorance which he must necessarily have been in the French; on the contrary, this brave nation supports itself, accord- respecting many things, which would have escaped his inquiries. ing to Froissart, by the vigor and strungth of its knighthood, which What he relates of distant countries, such as Africa, Hungary, Tarwas never so totally overwhelmed by its misfortunes, as not in the tary, and, in general, the eastern parts of the world, is full of the end to find some marvellous resources in its courage. The historian grossest blunders. In his time commerce had not then formed any also seems to have taken a pride in having been born a Frenchman, connection with those countries and our own: what was known of in telling us that he owed to this title the good reception which a them, was founded on the faith of those whom accident had carried French esquire gave him, when he lodged with him at Orthez. thither, and who had resided too short a time among them to gain It is true, that the king of England, and his son the prince of Wales, sufficient information respecting the manners, customs, and history seem to have been, so long as they lived, the heroes of his history; of these people. But if Froissart has committed many faults in what and that, in the recital of several battles, he is more occupied with he relates to us, the greatest, without doubt, is to have spoken at all them than with the king of France. But, where is the Frenchman of what he could not but imperfectly know. of candor, who will not find himself forced to give these princes the All these defects and imperfections do not prevent his Chronicle utmnost praise? Besides, does not our historian render justice to the from being considered as one of the most precious monuments of our valor and intrepidity of king Philip de Valois, and of king John? history; and that the perusal of it should not be as agreeable as in. Nothing can surpass the praises he gives as well to the wisdom as to structive to those who, not confining themselves to the knowledge of the ability of king Charles V.; and above all, that glorious testimony general facts, seek in the details, whether of particular events, whether which he makes no difficulty to put into the mouth of the king of of the usages of thatlage, to develop the character of mankind, and England: "There never was a king who so little armed himself; of the centuries which have passed. and there never was a king who gave me so much to do" Froissart was born to transmit to posterity a living picture of an A CRITICISM ON THE HISTORY OF FROISSART. II age, enemy to repose; and which, amid the intervals of troubles with which father Long expresses himself on the subject of the editions which it was almost continually agitated, found relaxation only in the of Froissart, that there may be others where there have been united most tumultuous pleasures. Besides the wars of so many nations into one body his Chronicle, with the first continuation, by an anonywhich he describes, and in which he informs us of divers usages mous writer, until the year 1498, and with a second continuation respecting the ban and arrier ban, the attack and defence of places, until the year 1513. But these works have never been printed tofortifications, detachments, skirmishes, orders of battle, marine, the gether. This is not the only mistake which this learned librarian armor of those on foot, and those on horseback; one finds in this has made in the same article, as I will some time hence explain, history everything which can excite curiosity with regard to the no- when I speak of these continuations. He also speaks of an histobility and knighthood, their challenges, their deadly combats, tilts, rical work, printed under this title: "Order of the entry and happy tournaments, entries of princes, assemblies, feasts, balls, the dresses arrival in the city of, Paris, of Isabella de Baviere, queen of France, of both sexes; so that his chronicle is for us a complete body of the wife of Charles VI. in the year 138S9, extracted from the fourth book antiquities of the fourteenth century. One mustownthat these details of the History of Froissart;" without noticing either the date or only attract attention from their own singularity; they are related place of its impression. I am ignorant if this is not an old fragment without study, and without art: it is, in truth, the familiar conversa- of Froissart which Sauvage had consulted, tha had been printed betion with a man of understanding, who has seen a great deal, and tells fore the black-letter editions, and of which I have never been able his story well. Nevertheless, this amiable story-teller knows how, at to gain any knowledge. To return to those editions I have pointed times, and in particular when he speaks of any grand event, to unite out, I shall fix principally on that of Sauvage, and endeavor to show, the majesty of history with the simplicity of a tale. Let any one at the same time, what opinion should be formed of the black-letter read, among other things, among so many battles which he has so editions which preceded his, excellently painted; let him read the recital of the famous battle of If the historian has been accused of showing too great a hatred Poitiers, they will there see in the person of the prince of Wales a against the French in several parts of his Chronicle, the editor has been hero, far greater by the generosity with which he made use of his equally accused of showing too great an inclination to them, by sup. victory, by his attentions to a conquered prince, and by the respect pressing everything which might displease them. Perhaps this he always paid him, than by those efforts of courage which had made charge is only made in consequence of the first; and readers, preohim triumph. I do not believe there is anything which can equal the judiced on one hand that Froissart had been an enemy to the French, sublimity of this morsel of history, nothing which can more elevate surprised on the other at not finding any traces of this pretended the heart and mind. Others, of a very different nature, have their enmity in his history, may have judged, without further reason, that value in their simplicity: such is the episode of the love of the king Sauvage had retrenched, through love of his country, all that the of England for the countess of Salisbury; the tender and affecting historian had written through hatred to it. The French, with whom recital of which does not yield to the most ingenious and best-written Sauvage, according to this mode of reasoning, ought to have found romances. The historian sometimes takes a gay tone; as in the favor, have not been less hard upon him on another head. Accord chapter wherein he speaks of the impatience of the young king Charles ing to several, he has altered and disfigured the proper names; he VI. to receive his new bride; and in that wherein he relates the jokes has changed the simple language of the times of Froissart to substi. which this prince made on his uncle, the duke of Berry, who, at a tute his own; in which he has rather rendered the history more time of life not very suitable for love, married a young and amiable obscure than he has enlightened it, and has only caused those ediwife. tions which were prior to his own to become more scarce, and more The taste of the author is very visible in the manner which he dear. We shall see if this is the recompense that all the trouble he treats these subjects; but as the age he lived in knew how to conciliate gave himself deserved; but I ought first to speak of the manner in all things, this taste did not exclude the fund of devotion which runs which lie labored at his edition, and the assistance he had according through the course of this work. It is only to be wished that he had to the account which he gives himself. not degraded his religion by a credulity ridiculously superstitious; Sauvage, having first transcribed the printed copy of Galliot du false miracles, prophecies, enchantments, have nothing in them so Pr6, compared it with the two other black-letter editions, when he absurd as not to find in him an unbounded and blind belief. Every found the difference between them so trifling, that he thought he one knows thie tale he tells of the demon Gorgon. One can scarcely ought to consider all three but as the same. He then collated his comprehend how he can connect with Christianity the example text with a printed fragment still more ancient; then with the third which he draws from the fable of Actmeon to justify the probability volume of "La Mer des Histoires,:' in which Froissart has been of an adventure of the same sort, which makes part of this tale. copied from the beginning until the 177th chapter; and lastly, with He has besides been reproached with having dishonored history by two abridgments in MS. which indicates not being acquainted with the his too great minuteness. I agree that we readily would have dis- authors, by the names of " La Chaux and de Sale," who had com. pensed with his telling us at what sign those lodged of whom he was municated them to him. The editor, in acknowledging that these speaking, and fram pointing out the inns where he himself had some- abridgments, or manuscripts, were so niuch damaged, that he was times taken up his quarters; but I cannot equally condemn the love frequently obliged to guess the meaning, have been at times very adventures, the feasts, and ceremonies, of which he has left us de- useful to him, gives notice that he did not follow their punctuation; scriptions. When his narrations shall not be of subjects sufficiently but, persuaded that one cannot be too exact in religiously preserving noble, yet he paints so agreeably and so truly the age of which he the language of ancient authors, he follows, with a scrupulous atwrites the history, that it would, I think, be ungrateful to make any tention, the orthography, the ancient modes of speech, although they complaints. were very di'fferent from what they were when the first copies came I have inserted summarily in this judgment a sketch of the opinions from the hands of Froissart. H-Ie, nevertheless, avows that, without which different authors have given of him, and they may be con- derogating firom the respect due to the ancient text, he has thought sulted. I will add that of an author who knew better than any other himself justified in making some changes, but solely, when he has the full value of a ready and natural genius. "I love," says Mon- been under the indispensable necessity of seeking the aid of better taigne, "historians very unaffected or excellent: the unaffected, who historians, to give a meaning to passages which were in want of it. have not wherewithal to add of their own, and who are only careful Even in these cases, the only ones in which he has taken the liberty of to collect and pick up everything which falls within their notice, making any change, he has had the precaution to place in the margin and to put down everything without choice and without sorting, giv- the original reading, however defective it might be; leaving, by ing us the opportunity of wholly judging of their truth. Such for these means, the reader the power of judging of the corrections he example is the good Froissart, who has gone on with his work with had made. With regard to proper names, and the names of places, such frank simplicity, that, having committed a fault, he is no Way he has not touched them, from the impossibility of correcting them ashamed of avowing it, and correcting it at the place he is informed with success. The editor addresses the four volumes of Froissart to of it; and who tells us the diversity of rumors which were current, the constable de Montmorency, by as many dedicatory epistles. and the different accounts that were told to him. It is history, naked One sees in the first, and by an advertisement to his readers, that the and unadorned; every one may profit from it, according to the depth editions he had already given of several of our historians were but of his understanding." preparatory to a general history of the Gauls and of the kingdom of 1 come now to the editions of Froissart. We have three black- France, which he was then at work on. letter ones, and two posterior to them: that which I believe to be Sauvage promises nothing relative to his edition of Froissart whien the oldest, is by Anthony Verard, at Paris, without a date, three he has not faithfully performed; as one may be convinced of by foi. volumes in folio. The second is, Paris, by Michael le Noir, the lowing the notes which he added. I do not say that he has always 15th July, 1505, two volumes in folio, a handsome type. The third well chosen from the different texts he had under his eyes; but, if is, Paris, by Galliot du Pm6, 1530, three volumes in folio. The the corrections he proposes are not all equally just, there are many fourth, Lyons, by John de Tournes, 1559, 1560, 1561, three volumes which offer a clear and very probable meaning of passages which, in in folio, revised and corrected by Denys Sauvage. The fifth, which the old editions, are a collection of words without connection, and copies exactly the fourth, is Paris, by Gervais Mallet, 1574, three without sense. With regard to the language, besides his attention vo!hmes in folio.' There is reason to believe, from the manner in never to change anything of the ancient words, he accompanies them with an explanation whenever he thinks them not sufficiently intel. M M. de St. Palnye does not seem to have known all the editions of Froissart. I have ligible. Ils zeal in this respect is more praiseworthy than his intel ~ree of' dilferent dates to those me mentions. ii nc I 1. A most superb copy on vellusm, in four volumes, which originally belonged to thle n t is surprising that, after having published several of our ~oubise library, purchased at the sale of tmme Bibliotheca Parislana; printed in black atter. by Guilliusne Ensmtace, at Paris, 1514. 8. An edition by Denys Sauvage, in four volumes, printed for Michael de Roignr. 2. Asm edition by Denys Sauv. ge, im feur volumes, printed by Michael Sonnius, Paris, 1574. This had belonged to Mr. Tyrvhitt. l'74. Thm' had belonged to Ms Secretary Craggs. [All Mr. Johnes' MSS. were destroyed at ilafod by fire.] 12 A CRITICISM ON THE HISTORY OF FROISSART. old authors, he was not better acquainted with their language, and additions or retrenchments of words, of omissions sometimes con that he should add such unnatural explanations and etymologies. siderablec; abbreviations of several chapters, or of many events; As the chronology of Froissart was sometimes defective, Sauvage Vague transitions, useless recapitulations of the foregoing chapters; has reformed it in those places which appeared to him most in need certain phraseology, which, like formulas, are repeated in every page; of it. He has often recalled to the reader's memory distant passages, and some interpolations of the copyists, which, serving only to swell in order to conciliate them, or to show their contradiction; or, in out the volume, have been wisely curtailed by Sauvage in his prin ed short, to demonstrate the connection of certain facts to each other; edition. I will not quote any other example but the passage where, but his attempt in this part is scarcely worth mentioning. Some speaking of the affection of Edward III. for the princess of Hainauit, genealogies, which regard persons of whom Froissart speaks, as well whom he married, he says, "A fine spark of love therefore struck as some remarks on divers places, whose position he attempts to fix him;" to which the copyist adds these words, "which madam Venus by relating the different names they are called by, show that the sent him by Cupid the god of love." However, among these frivoeditor has not absolutely neglected these two objects. One must not ions additions there may have been some of importance, which it be surrised that so many foreign names should not alwvays be exactly would be proper to search for in those parts that offer any difficulty, eorre':; besides their having been changed since then, one should or in those articles which demand a serious discussion. not irapute as blame, either to the author or editor, the faults of After these general observations, I will say one word of the prin. copyists who have incorrectly read them, and who have written them cipal singularities which I have noticed in some of these MISS, according to the pronunciation or orthography of their language and Those of the numbers 8317, and 15 of Colbert, are remarkable for age; for not only are the names read in as many different ways as the correction which has been put on their margins in the article there are manuscripts, but they often vary in the same MS. as often that mentions Philip de Valois's accession to the crown of France. as they are met with. The only means to remedy this is to clear up The same hand has also added to this last manuscript a note, which Froissart by himself, in collating the various passages where the is written on one of the blank leaves which precede the Chronicle: zame name is found; and this is what Sauvage has done; and foir "Two verses which the peers of France sent to king Edward of greater security he has read over five times the text of his author; England, at the tinme he disputed the succession to the crown of however, when he could not draw any advantage from this repeated France. reading, he has made use of every assistance from any quarter he Credo Regnorum qui cupis esse duorum could find. He appears, in fact, to have very carefully studied the Succedunt imaires huic reno n nuon mlieres."5 maps and descriptions of those countries the historian speaks of, and In number 8318, one reads in the same hand-writing with the also to have consulted the people of those countries. One observes, manuscript, that it was given to John duke of Berry the 8th Novem. that, when he had retired to Lyons to give himself up more fireely to her, 1407, by William Boisratier, master of requests, and counsellor atudy, he went to reconnoitre in that neighborhood the old field of to this prince. If it is the same which has since been given by L attle of Brinay, or Brinais, in which the duke of Bourbon had been M. de Chandenier to M. le Laboureur, as this last believed, it would ht.f'eated in 1360 by the free companies. The description he gives be rendered the more precious from this circumstance, that there of it is very instructive, and serves to clear up the circumstances of would be found in it very considerable differences, that he says he ths: event. An epitaph which he had read in a church at Lyons has observed in this manuscript, from the printed copies, and miore sEr'es at another time to prove the falsity of a date in Froissart. In especially from that of Sauvage; or it would convince us of the shLrt, there is scarcely any historian of importance, of whatever falsity of this imputation, which appears to me very suspicious. But coeI:ry lie might be, whom Sauvage had not seen, in order the better as the copy of M. le Laboureur, as he himself informs us, contained to mi.derstand on whom he was at work, and to make him better miniatures representing the principal events of the history, and that uRd& stood by others, and to confirm or to rectify his testinmony. the one which Boisratier presented to the duke of Berry does not One m-ay count nearly forty authors whom hle cites in his margins, contain any, it is certain that it cannot be the same. Although the as w. 1I relative to the history of France, as to that of England, Scot. miniatures, head-pieces, capital letters illuminated and embossed land, Flanders, Germany, Spain, Italy, Ilaungary, and Turjey. I add, with gold, in the MS. 8319, are of great beauty; it must, nevertheless, that hlie had consulted the original acts, since he has inserted in his yield in this respect to number 8320, from which much may be annotations the ratification of the treaty of Bretigny, done by the learnt regarding warlike customs, ceremonies, dresses, and other prince of Wales at Calais, after having transcribed with his hand points of antiquity. The reverend father Montfaucon has taken upon a copy from the same prince, collated by a "Tr6sorier des from them the prints of the entry of queen Isabella of France, and Chartes." the arrest of the king of Navarre, which he has inserted in his If, then, the edition of Sauvage is still very imperfect, it has not " Monuments Frangois." Notwithstanding this I believe, that in any defects but what the preceding editions have in common with it; these miniatures, which are not, at the most, earlier than the middle to which, however, it is infinitely superior. The editor, well versed of the fifteenth century, the painter has confounded the dresses of in our antiquities and our history, exact and indefatigable, proves, by his own age with those of the times whose history he was painting. the constant use he makes of the two manuscripts, by the judgment One sees at the begining of several MSS. the author represented he bears of their insufficiency, and by the regrets he utters at not differently dressed, sonetines as a canon, with his surplice and being able to meet with better, that he has been in greater want of aumusse t; sometimes in a purple robe, presenting his work to the assistance, than of good will, good faith, and capacity. In his time king of France, or to some other prince, seated on his throne, and manuscripts, buried in the libraries of ignorant monks, or in the crowned. The king of England is knovwn by his robe embroidered archives of private persons, and unknown to their possessors, were with leopards in the number 8331-2, and the queen of England in lost to the learned world. T'imes have since changed; thaniks to the number 15 of Colbert's collections. The most ancient of all the attention of ministers, who neglect nothing for the public good, there manuscripts of the first volume are the numbers 8318 and 8331-2, is scarcely a man of letters to whom manuscripts of all ages are not which appear to me to be of the end of the fourteenth century: and become a sort of property. Nothing would be wanting to the good though many things are deficient in each of them, their antiquity fortune of this age, i, with such -abundant succors, there could be ought to give them the preference. I have the same opinion respect. found men as lab oions as Sauvage to take advantage of them; for, ing the MS. 8333, being the most ancient of the second volume; I have not a doubt but that, if he had had the manuscripts we pos- though it does not seem to me to have been written earlier than the sess, he would have given us an excellent edition of Froissart. middle of the fifteenth century. The number 8321 is a continuation The number of those known at this day is so considerable, that, of number 8320; there are fewer miniatures, but they are equally after the Bible and the Fathers, I do nmot believe there is any work beautiful; which is the only merit they have; for otherwise they are, of which there have been so m:ny copies; which shows the great properly speaking, but an extract of Froissart, and frequently many esteenm it has been held in during every age. In the Royal Library chapters are omitted together. alone, there are upward of thirty volumes in folio, which contain Number 16, which is the same writing as nnmmber 15, of which it separately some one of the four books inmto which this history is is a continuation, contains, besides the second volume, a part of the divided. The numbers 6760, 8317, 8318, 8319, 8320, 8324, 8331-2, third, as far as these words of the 44th chapter,. page 151, of tlhe 8332, 8334, 8335 and 36 joined together, 8344; aind the nembers of' edition of Sauvage: "Thues was broken off the expedition by sea at the mannscripts of Colbert, united with those of the Bilblioethque du this time;" to which it acdds, " which cost the kingdom of France Roi, 1.5, 85, mncd 231, include the first volume.'TI'he numbers 8321, c. as. francs, thirty times counted." Number 8330 has for title, "The 8330, 8333, 8337, and 8338, added together with those of Colbert, third volume of the Chronicles of Froissart;" although it contains but 16 and 86, conmpose the second volurnme. The numbers 8295, 8328, the second. By a similar mistake one reads, at the end of number 8337, and 8338, added to those of Colbert, 87 and 23' the third 8325, which concludes the third volume, "Here ends the second volume. The numbers 8329, 8331, 8341, 8344-, added together, and volumne of the Chronicles of Froissart." This M8., which is but of that of Colbert, 17, conepose the fourth volmlume.' the middle of the fifteenth century, is that in which the language of I should extend this essay to too great a length if I was to describe old times is the most preserved: perhaps it has been copied frosm. the form,,the age, thee titles, the omission s, or impierfections, amid some other neore ancient and better than those which renmain to us. other singularities, which distinguish these"manuscripts. In regard to other and more essential differences, I shall say in general, that * To reastatlish the mensure and the msense of the first verse, one mnst. I tmhint. add the greater past consist in transpositions of some articles, chalnres, the worotd Rtex: regnmorumn miui ftex cupis esse duorum. And to make Edward feel the nlapplication. one maiiy, instead of Credo, read Crede, or Oredito, of which Credo ms perM.ps uhn i noa drmeviation. With rear d to th e second, the numbeer of sylmbbles are there ~ M. Buehon. in his recent F~rench edition, has mnade diligentu-nse of all1 the MSIS. which an heexammeter verse requires; and d tsint should be suftiemint no t to quarrel with tlde which he could hear of; and has settled a text which frequently dilfers'ren his prede- measure. —Sr. PaLAYe. esasors. lie has not. however. admitted the additiomu made by Mr. Jomiue from time t "Aummmusse" is a sort of bracelet of fur, which canons wear on their armena wh Miss. in td. tiafod Library — ED. dressed. I cannot find any English word to translate it. A CRITICISM ON THE HISTORY OF FROISSART. ls'There is at the end some circumstances concerning Froissart, which 2dly, That the description they give us of the miniatures of this MS. are also in the MSS. 8328 and 232, and which are not in the printed of Breslaw, makes us believe that it cannot be much older than toward copies. It is more from.the antiquity of the style, that makes mae the end of the fifteenth century; and that, consequently, it is but of consider the MS. 8329, although scarce earlier than the end of the very moderate' authority. In short, after the agreement of so many fifteenth century, as the best we have for tlie fourth volume. One other MSS. of which many even have been written in England, or finds in it, as in the numbers 8331, 8341, 42, and 17, two important destined for that country, since the author is represented as offering additions. The first is the preface, which I have noticed in the life his book to the king and queen of England, it will, not be easy to of Froissart; the second terminates the whole of his Chronicle, when persuade the world that the single MS. of Breslaw contains alone the author, toward the end, speaking of the death of Richard, that he such very considerable differences. At least it becomes our prudence would not enter into any detail of it, from want of having sufficient to suspend our judgment, until they shall have published the MS. itself, information. The addition is a sort of letter, true or false, which is or some of those passages which are said to have been retrenched. addressed to him, and by which he is informed of all the particulars; One cannot too eagerly press the possessors of it to allow the public such as had been written by a man worthy of belief, who was then to participate of a treasure so infinitely precious to the lovers of hisin England. The manner with which this fact is related has not been tory. If, hitherto, we have been in an error, we will cheerfully turn forgotten by the English historians, who have mentioned the different back; and there is not a man of letters possessing sense, who, laying rumors which had gone abroad on this subject. Number 17 seems aside all national interest, would not ardently desire to have the Chionto have been written by the same hand as!5f and 16, and the three icles of Froissart such as they came from the hands of the author. added to the MS. of the third book, which.is wanting, made perhaps Many MSS. of Froissart are to be found in the libi'aries of foreign the work complete. countries. There is one in the library of the cathedral of Tournay, Under the number 169 of the Ceislin library, at present in that of according to the report of several Flemish librarians; three in Eng. St. Germain-des-Pr's, are comprehended four volumes, three of which land, according to the catalogue of MSS. in that kingdom; which also are of the same hand-writing; that is to say, of the middle of the mentions some manuscript notes collected by Mr. Ashmole; and fifteenth century, containing the first, the third, and last book of Frois- others again, which may he seen in the new catalogue of MSS. by sart. The fourth, which is of' the same writing, but nmore beautiful, father Montfaucon. is another copy of the last book, with the addition which I have just Besides the ancient abridgments of Froissart, Sleidan, full of mentioned, concerning the death of Richard. 1M. Mahudel has com- admiration for this historian, and anxious that the utility which may municated to me a MS. of the beginning of the fifteenth century, be drawn from himn should be common to all ages and nations, made without a title, and which may have been thought written by Frous- in 1537 a Latin abridgment, which was afterwards translated into sart; but it is only a very succinct abridgment, in which has been French and English by P. Golin, in 4to. London, 1608. In a preface preserved, as much as possible, the original text of the historian until or epistle, which precedes the Latin edition, thie author recommends the end of the first volume, where the abridngmentceases. Itis divided the study of the Ilistory of France above all others, and particularly into six books, -of which the first two end with these words, "Here that of Froissart, whose candor he praises, and whom he only finds, finishes the first (the second) book of this second volume of the Chron- fault with for being sometimes too minute in his military details, and icles of England, and consequently the seventh (the eighth) of the in his conversations with princes. Foreign writers have accused four volumes parcicaulx." One reads also at the end of the sixth, Sleidan of not having composed this abridgment with the disinterest. "Here finishes the second volume of the Chronicles of England." edness and fidelity that was to have been expected from a man of so This MS. probably made part of four volumes of a compilation of a great a reputation, and to have wished to favor the French too much; history of England, divided each into six books; such nearly as our to have passed over the most brilliant actions of the English, where Chronicles of St. Denays.'IThe first volunme would have contained he quits the sense of his author, in writing otherwise than Froissart events aaterior to Froissart; and as the second, which we have, had done: this last reproach does not seem to me founded. With includes ar abridgment of his first volume, one may presume that the regard to omissions, he has taken that liberty which an abbreviator two following would, in like manner, have contained that of the three ought to be allowed, to attach hiniself chiefly in extracting what he other volumes, and perhaps also the history of the times posterior to thinks suitable for his purpose; and that Sleidan, who at the time them. This abridgment, however, is the same as that of La Chauix, was living in France with Frenchmen, may, without any want of which Sauvage has mnade use of; I discover the marks by which he candor, have attached himself principally to those facts which cor has pointed it out, with the exception of the first leaf, which may cerned them. It will not be so easy to justify Belleforkt, who, giving have been lost since that time. a French abridgment of Froissart, has contented himself with trans To this great number of MSS. others nust be added, which containi lating literally Sleidan, without ever mentioning the author whom he only very short abridgmsents of the Chronicle of Froissart; and which translated. are to be found in the Royyal Library, anmong the MISS. of the Colbert The English, whom the reading of Froissart interests in so partic. collection. Such are the nisnnbers 169, which includes part of the first ular a manner, have in their language a translation of the Chronicles and second volumes abridged, 255, nearly conformable to the fore- of Froissart, composed by sir John Bouchiser, lord Bernuers, by order going: but where thley hiayc added at the end four pages, containing of king Henry VffI., and printed toward the end of his reign. T'hore "' The tenor of the Letters of alliartce.of France with Scotland" in is also one in Flemish, printed by Guerrit Vender Loo, in folio; 1379, with the names of those lords, as well Scots as French, who without counting that in the samne tongue which Vossius had seen in sigied tihe treaty; and 2444, which comprehends the abridgment of manuscript. the four volumes. This is preceded by a preface, wherein the abbrevi-.1 shall not say anything of these translations, not having met with ator having said ihe should fhollow Froissart "chapter by chapter," adds, either. That of Bouchier is, they say, more correct than the French "tand because this same Master John Froissart has tnot made an index editions, in regard to proper nanmes;t this must, however, be underto his first book; and by means of the index to a book one may, at one stood to mean English names. The Flemish translation must have glance, see those parts which one may be desirous to read; I have the same advantage with regard to proper names, and names of resolved to divide this first book into one humdred and twenty-seven places in Flanders. They may both be of great utility to whoever chapters." We see notihing in these MSS. which either establishes should wish to give a good edition of Froissart. the pretended enmity of Froissart against the French, nor which justifies the accuwation brought against Sauvage of having altered the * t de St. Palaye is ignorait how mch this country is in iSS. of Froissart. There 11b~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~ i are umanuy Inaguificent oues in thie British Museunm, at Oxford, Caamtbridge, and in other text of his historian. But a magnificent MS. at Breslaw furnishes, public and private libraries. I iarve in. my library inot less than six; but notone is a cernaccording to some wvriters, an incontestableproof of it. The learned plete listory. world, say they, believe they have an entire Froissart; it has been I tam sorry 1 must contradict M. de St. Palaye, in his opinion of lord Berner's transgrossly deceived'by Sauvage, who has not preserved the tenth part of latin. Ha it e s e lies, should ot ha attemed to offer a ew truslit in his etion. One ay replytothischarge1stetion to the pulltic; but, so far from being correct as to naimes, he mangleq them nearly it in this edition. One may reply to this charge; Ist, That Sauvage as bad as old Froissart I cannot flatter myself with having Succeeded to my own will be always exenmpt from reproach, since hlie has given us the text sutisiucltmon, although I have taken every possible pains to make it as complet astbi' ti'.,sart such as he had seen i in the known copies of his time. difficulties would allow re. 14 PREFACE —CHRn (ICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. and success proceed; and then I will lay my foundation on the true Chronicles formerly written by that reverend, wise, and discreet man, P R E A C E IJohn le Bel, canon of St. Lambert's, at Liege; who bestowed great care and diligence on them, and continued them, as faithfully as he TO HIS could, to his death, though not without much pains and expense: but these he minded not, being rich and powerful. He was also a man CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, RANCE &C. of courteous manners, generous, and a privy counsellor, well beloved by sir John de Hainault; who is spoken of ill these books, and not''~ i STUB [~:~ -~.,~]. HAT the honorable enterprises, without reason, for he was chief of many noble enterprises, and nearly noble adventures, and deeds of related to several kings; and by his means the above mentioned John Tf'~/~},!;i~ n iarms, performed in the wars le Bel could see, as through a perspective, the many gallant actions between England and France, recorded in the following sheets. may be properly related, and The true reason of my undertaking this book was for my amusement, i held in perpetual remembrance to which I have ever been inclined, and for which I have frequented i11 al' iI — to the end that brave men the company of many noblemen and gentlemen, as well in France as Ll~ Ii' 1 I, t taking example from them may in England and Scotland, and in other countries, from whose acquaint.. I'] be encouraged in their well.- ance I have always requested accounts of battles and adventures, "~ H e'doing, I sit down to record a especially since the mighty battle of Poictiers, where the noble king history deserving great praise; John of France was taken prisoner; for before that time I was young but, before I begin, I request of In years and understanding: however, on quitting school, I boldly the Saviour of the world, who undertook to write and relate the wars above mentioned-which corn. from nothing created all things, pilation, such as it was, I carried to England, and presented to my that he will have the goodness to inspire me with sense and sound lady Philippa Hainault, queen of England, who most graciously understanding, to persevere in such rianner, that all those who shall received it from me, to my great profit. And perhaps as this book is read may derive pleasure and instruction from my work, and that I neither so exactly nor so well written as such feats of arms requiremay fall into their good graces. for such deeds demand that each actor who therein performs his part It is said, and with truth, that all towns are built with many differ- nobly should have due praise-in order to acquit myself to all, as in ent stones, and that all large rivers are formed from many springs; justice is due, I have undertaken this present work on the ground so are sciences compiled by many learned persons, and what one is before mentioned, at the prayer and request of my dear lord and mas. ignorant of is known to another: not but that everything is known ter, sir Robert de Namur, knight, lord of Beaufort, to whom I owa sooner or later. Now, to come to the matter in hand, I will first beg all love and obedience, and God give me' grace to do always accord. tde grace of God and the benign Virgin Mary, from whom all comfort ing to his pleasure. THE Ivalor was so distinguished that they should be esteemed heroes of highest renown —but without disparagement to those with whom they C HI R 0 N I C L E S served. In France also was found good chivalry, strong of limb and stout of heart, and in great abundance; for the kingdom of Fance was OF never brought so low as to want lmen ever ready for the combat. Such was king Philip of' Valois, a bold and hardy knight, and his son, ENGLANDi, FRANCE, SAPAN & & king, John; also John, king of Bohemia, and Charles, count of Alen. NLITANT l FRANCE, SPAIN &c on, his son; the count of Foix; the chevaliers de Santrd, d'Arnaud d'Angle, de Beauveau, father and son, and many others that I can CHAPTER I. OF THE BFrAVEST KNIGHTS OF THIS PRESENT BOOK. To encourage all valorous hearts, and to show them honorable examples, I, John Froissart, will begin to relate, after the documents and papers of master John le Bel, formerly canoen of St. Lambert's, at Liege, as followeth: That whereas various noble personages have frequently spoken of the wars between France and England, without knowing anything of the matter, or being able to assign the ga proper reasons for them; I, having perceived ihe. right foundation of the matter, shall neither add nor omit, forget, corrupt, nor abridge my ___ history: but the rather will enlarge it, that I may be able to point out and speak of each adventure from ths nativity of the noble king lb Edward of England, who so potently reigned, and who was engaged in so many battles and perilous adventures, and other feats of arms and great prowess, from the year of grace 1326, when he was crowned in England. Although he, and also those who were with him in his battles and fortunate rencounters, or with his army when he was not there in person, which you shall hear as we go on, ought to be accounted right valiant; yet as KmWeaTs oF TH-E FOURTrENTH CENTURY. —From original authorities in tile BritihmA Museum. of these there is a multitude, some should be esteemed supereminent. Such as the gallant king himself before named; the prince of Wales, his son; the not at present name; but they shall all be mentioned in due nime duke of Lancaster; sir Reginald lord Cobham; sir Walter Manny of and place: for, to say the truth, we must allow sufficient hravery Hainault, knight; sir John Chandos; Sir Fulke Harley; and many and ability to all who were engmaged in such cruel and desperate others who are recorded in this book for their worth and prow: or nattles, discharged their duty, by standing their ground till the mn all their battles by sea or land, in which they were engaged, their I discomfiture. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 1l Long; and the third, Charles. All these were kings of France, after C H A P T E R I I. their father Philip, by legitimate succession, one after the other, OF SOME OF THE PREDECESSORS OF KING EDWARD OF ENGLAND. without having by marriage any male heirs; yet, on the death of the THE better to understand the honorable and eventful history of the last king, Charles, the twelve peers and barons of France did not noble king Edward of England, who was crowned in London on give the kingdom to Isabella, the sister, who was queen of England, Christmas-day, in the year 1326, in the life time of the king and because they said and maintained, and still do insist, that the king. queen his parents, we must remark a common opinion of the Eng- dom of France is so noble, that it ought not to go to a woman; con. lish, of which there have been proofs since the time of the gallant sequently neither to Isabella, nor to her son, the king of England, king Arthur, that between two valiant kings of England there is for they hold that the son of a woman cannot claim any right of always one weak in mind and body; and this is apparent in the ex- succession, where that woman has none herself. For these reasons ample of the gallant king Edward, of whom I now speak; for true the twelve peers and barons of France unanimously gave the king. it is that his grandfather, called the good king Edward the First, was dom of France to the lord Philip of Valois, nephew to king Philip, brave, wise, enterprising, and fortunate in war. He was much en- and thus put aside the queen of England, who was sister to Charles, gaged against the Scots. He conquered them three or four times, the late king of France, and her son. Thus, as it seemed to many without their being able to gain any advantage over him. people, the succession went out of the right line, which has been the occasion of the most destructive wars and devastations of countries, as well in France as elsewhere, as you will learn hereafter, the real object of this-history being to relate the great enterprises and deeds ~a:; of arms achieved in these great wars, for from the time of good Charlemagne, king of France, never were such feats performed CHAPTER V. H1OW EARL TOMAS, -OF LANCASTER, AND TWENTY-TWO OF THE GREATESS iff g ~ _________ ~~~~~~~NOBLES IN ENGLAND WERE BEHEADED. KING Edward the Second, father to the noble king Edward the -____ Third, of whom our history speaks, governed his kingdom very indifferently, by the advice of sir Hugh Spencer, who had been:brought up with him from his youth. This sir Hugh had managed matters so, that his fatner and himself were the great masters of the realm, and were ambitious to surpass all the other great barons in England; for which reason, after the great defeat at Stirling, the barons and nobles, and even the council of the king, murmured much, particularly against sir Hugh Spencer, to whom they imputed their defeat, on account of his partiality to the king of Scotland. The barons had many meetings on this matter, EDwnAR THE S.ECOND.-From a painting in the Bodleian Lib. Oxford. to consult what was to be done; the chief of them was Thomas, earl When hae died his eon by his fist maiiage succeeded to te crown, of Lancaster, uncle to the king. Sir Hugh soon found it would be but not to the understanding or prowess of his father, for he governed ecessry for him to check them; and he was so well beloved by his kingdom veiry unwisely, thiough the evil counsels of others, the the king, and so continually in his presence, that he was sure of gain. ill consequences of which he afterwards suffered severely, as you will Ilg b elief, whatever he said. He soon took an opportunity of see; for, soon after his coronation, Robert Bruce, king of Scotland, informint g the in, that these lords had entered into an alliance who had given so much and such frequent trouble to kine Edward against him, and that, if he did not talte proper measures, they woald above mentioned, and who well knew his valor, reconquered all Scot- e i o f that his malicious intentions had their full effect land, and toolt besides the good town of Berwielt. He burnt and the king's mind, that his malicious int. entions had their full effect. land, and took besides the good town of Berwick. He burnt and The king caused all these lords to be arrested on a certain day when destroyed great part of the country, four or five days' march withine e o the realm at two different times: he afterwards deafated the king and they were met together, and, without red the heads of all the barons of England,* at a place in Scotland, called Stirling, in twenty-two o the greatest baros to be struc off, without assigning a pitched battle, when the pursuit lasted two days and two nights, any cause or reason. Thomas, earl of Lance the filry t and the king of England, accompanied with a few followers, fled to e was a discreet and pious man; and since that time many mira London. But, as this is no part of our matter, I shall here leave off.es have been performed at his tomb in Pomfret, where he was and affib and much belov~~beheaded. The hatred against sir Hugh Spencer was increased by this deed, particularly that of the queen, and of the earl of Kent, bro. C H A P T E R I II. ther to the king; which when he perceived, he fomented such a dis. OF THE RELATIONS OF KING EDaVWARD THE THIRD. cord between the king and the queen, that the king would not see Kimn Edward the Second, father of our gallant king, had two bro- the queen, or come to any place where she was. This quarrel lasted thers: one was the Earl Marshal, of a wild and disagreeable tem- some time; when the queen nd the earl of Kent were secretly per; the other was called lord Edmund of Kent: he was very lise informed that, if they did not speedily quit the court, they would and affable, and much beloved. repent it, for sir Hugh was endeavoring to stir up much mischief This king had married the daughter of Philip the Fair, king of ainst them. Then the queen, having mde preptions fo p France, who was noe of the greatest beauties in the world. He had ing secretly to France, set out as if to go on a pilgrimage to St. Tho by this lady two sc;as and two daughters. The elder son was the mas of Canterbury; whence she went to Winchelsea, and that nighi noble and valiant king Edward, of whom this history speaks; the embarked on board a vessel prepared for her reception, accompanied other was called John, and died young. The elder of the two daugh by her young son Edward, te erl of Kent, and sir Roger ortimer. ters was called Isabella, and was married to the youn king, David Anther vessel was lo d with luggge, c., and, having a fi of Scotland, son of' king Robert Bruce. They were affianced from wind, they landed the next morning at Boulogne. their earliest youth, with the consent of the two kings of England and Scotland, as a bond to cement the peace. The other was married to the count Reginald, subsequently called duke of Guelderland, C H A P T E R VI. who had by this lady two sons; one named Reginald, the other TiE, QUEEN OF ENGLAND GOES TO COMPLAIN OP SIR HUGHII SPENCER T* O Edward, who afterwards reigned with great power. HER BROTHER THE RING OF FRANCE. WIHWEN the queen Isabella landed at Boulogne, with her son and est. LHAPTERis IV. eher brother-in-law, the earl of Kent, the governor of the town and the abbot waited on her, and conducted her to the abbey, where she and TIlE OCXASION OF TIE WARS BETWEEN THE KINGS OF FRANCE AND her suite were joyfully received and remained two days; on the third ENGLAND. she continued her route toward Paris. HISTORY tells us that Philip, king of France, surnamed the Fair, King Charles, her hrother, being informed of her coming, sent some had three sons, besides his beautiful daughter Isabella, married to the of the greatest lords at that time near his person to meet her; among king of England. These three sons were very handsome. The eld- whom were, sir Robert d'Anf ois, the lord of Crucy, the lord of Sully est, Lewis, king of Navarre, during the lifetime of his father, was and the lord of Roy, and many others, who honorably received an. called Lewis Hutin; the second was named Philip the Great, or the conducted her to Paris, to the kling her brother. When the kinA *vanes. ByT}~~~~~~~~~~~~ eat wa.fperceived his sister (whom he had not seen for a long time) enterint * By batel arengyd the day of Saynt John Baptyst, in the 7th yere of ye reigne of the his apartment, he rose to meet her, and taking her in his arms, tisser same tyng Edlward, in the yere of oair Lorde 1314. The chase of this discofeture endured 2 dayes slnd two nyghtcs. And the kyng of Ingland wet w a small company to London. her, and said, "You are welcome, my fair sister, with my fine nephea And on Mydlent-sonday in the yere of our Lorre 1316 the Scottis wan agayne the cite your son;" then taking one in each hand, he led them in, The of' B2erwykr by trr-ason.'-I~oaaD BERNERI. queen, whd had no great joy in her heart, except being near her bro. Thie passage of Lord Derters', though given in his text, appears to be an interpolation thor, would have knelt at his feet two o: three times, but the kin.; ot his own. correcting the error of' Froissirt, whose statement leans to the idea that the would ntue it an hin her by the tihan, iui veicapture of' Berwich was immediately subsequent to the battle, whereas two years inter- would not suffer it, and holding her by the right hand, inquifred wer venesd. TI e battle riok,.m of was that of Bannockbum. affectionately into her business and affairs. Her aimwets were pru tC CHR ONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, M&c dent and wise; and she related to him all the injuries done to her by The queen showed these private letters that she had received fiom sir Hugh Spencer, and asked of him advice and assistance. England to the king, her brother, who replied, "God be your help! When the noble king Charles had heard the lamentations of his your affairs will prosper so much the better. Take of my subjects sister, who with many tears had stated her distress, he said, " Fair as many as your friends desire; I freely give my consent, and I will sister, be appeased-for, by the faith I owe to God and to St. Denis, order the necessary sums of money to be distributed among them." I will provide a remedy." The queen then kneeled down, in spite The queen had already been active, and what with entreaties, gifts, of the king, and said to him, " My dear lord and brother, I pray God and promises, had gained over many great lords, young knights, and may second your intentions.* The king then taking her by the esquires, who had engaged to carry her back to England with a great hand, conducted her to another apartment, which was richly fir- power. nished for her and her young son Edward; he then left her, and The queen made all her preparations for her expedition very seordered that everything should be provided becoming the state of cretly, but not so much so as to prevent its coming to the knowledge aer and her son from his treasury. of sir Hugh Spencer, who thought, that his most prudent plan would be to win over to his interest the king of France; for this effect he sent over trusty and secret messengers, laden with gold, silver and rich jewels. These were distributed among the king and his ministers with such effect, that the king and his council were in a short time as cold toward the cause of Isabella, as ~ — is;": they had before been warm. The king dio concerted the expedition, and forbade any ___~ peison, under pain of banishment, so aid or assist the queen in her projected return to England. In~ aM short time ofSir Hughh also endeavored to get the queen Ib s..I,'f,f:l into his and the king's power, and to this effect be"i dnmade the king write an affectionate letter to assistance tint t ki'gdiom~' the pope, entreating hiesu to order the king o, France to send back his wife, as he was kingKli~ fanxious to acquit himself toward her before God and the world; since it was not his fault wiherew!i]' ithat she had left him, for he was all love and hei} kingood faith toward her, such as ought to be " t"'~ i observed in marriage. There were simielax f of~~.~4 it bysirRletters written at the same time to the cardi. -WHEN temnals, and many subtle neans devised to insure their success, which it may not be so proper here to amention. IHe also sent plenty of gold and silver to many cardinals and prelates, the Qrr-UIN ISABELLA'S VISIT TO HER BROTHER AT PARIs.-From an illumination ki a mS. Froissart. nearest relations of the pope, and those most in his councils, by able and adroit messengers, who managed the pope in such a manner, by In a short time afterwards Charles assembled many great lords and their presents and address, that he wrote to the king of France to barons of his kingdom, to have their advice what was most proper to send back Isabella, queen of England, to her husband, under pain ou be done in the business of his sister, thee queen of England. Their excommunication. These letters were carried to the king of France advice was, that the queen should be allowed to purchase friends and by the bishop of Xaintes, whom the pope sent thither as his legate. assistance in the kingdom of France, and that he should appear The king, on the receipt of them, caused his sister to be acquai nted ignorant of this enterprise, lest lhe should incur the enmity of the with their contents (for he had held no conversation with her for a king of England, and bring a war upon his country-but that under- long time,) and commanded her to leave the kingdom immediately, hend he should assist her with gold and silver, which are the metals or he would.make her leave it with shame. wherewith the love of gentlemlen and poor soldiers is acquired. The king acceded to this advice, and caused his sister to be in- C H A R vIII. formed of it by sir Robert d'Artois, who was at that time one of the Fgrea test men in France.pTHE QUEEN ISAiBELLA LEAVES FRANCE AND GOEnS TO GERMANY. raestme iFrn_ WHEN the queen heard this account, she knew not what to say, o CH APTER VII. what measures to adopt, for the barons had already withdrawt r thoem selves by the king's command, and she had no resource or advises SIrt SUGtI SENCER CAUSES THE QUEEN ISABELLA TO BE SENT OUT OF left but in her dear cousin Robert of Artois: and he could only FRANCE. advise and assist her in secret, for, as the king had forbidden it, he Now let us speak a little of this sir Hugh Spencer. When he could not act otherwise. He well knew, that the queen had been saw that he had the king of England so much in his power, that he driven from England through malice and ill-will, at which he was objected to nothing he said or did, he caused many noblemen and much grieved. This was Sir Robert's opinion; but he durst not others to be pit to death without law or justice, but merely because speak of it to the king, for he had heard the king say and swear, that he suspected them of being ill-inclined to him. His pride was also whoever should speak to him in her behalf should forfeit his land, become so intolerable, that the barons who remained alive in Eng- and be banished the kingdom. He was also, informed, that the king land, neither could nor would suffer it any longer. They required was not averse* to the seizure of the persons of the queen, her son and entreated that all private quarrels should be made up; and sent Edward, the earl of Kent, and sir Roger Mortimer, and to their secretly to inform the queen (w ho had at this time remained in Paris being delivered into the hands of the king of England and sir Hugrh three years,) that if she coulrl collect about a thousand men-at-arms, and Spencer. lie therefore came in the middle of'.the night, to infrm would come at the head of them herself, with her son, into England, the queen of the peril she was in. She was thunder-struckt at the tey would immediately treat with her, and obey him as their lawful information-to which he added, "I recommend you to set out for sovereign.t end of September in the same year: consequently her residence in France and Ilainault * Lord Berners' version is more affecting, and is almost word for word with the ori- was only abouteighiteen months. Thie same historian mistakes thie olject of ier journey. ginal; it runs thus — He supposes her sole motive fbr going to France was to demand protection from the When the noble kyng Charles of France had harde his susters lamentation, who king, her brother, against the Spencers; that hier departure was secret; and tht she weepingly had shewest hym all her nede and besynesse, hlie sayd to htier, " Fayre snster, carried the young prince of Wales with her. All the documents which renmain prove appease ycturselfe, for, by the tfiith I owe to Godi and to saynt Denyce, I shall right well this to be groundless. ouruey for you some rensedy." The quene then kneled down whether the kyng would She left England by the desire of Edward; she succeeded in her mission, andi:a treaty or not, and sayd, "My rghlt dyere lord and fayre brother, I pray God reward you." was concluded the 31st of lMay, 1325. The Spencers were afraid ofsuffering Edward to [IDieu vous en veuille ouir.] pay tihe homage in person, and therefore persuaded him to give the duchy of Guyenne t John le Bel, according to what M. Lancelot says in one of his memoirs respecting and county of Ponthieu to the prince of Wales; which was done on the 2nd and 10th Robert d'Artois, has been much mistaken in the object of Isnbella's journey to France, of September. 1325. The prince of Wales embarked at Dover the 12th of the same andi the time she went thither. It related to the homage due from Edward the Second month, to pay the homage, upward of six months after the passage of the queen his to Charles, king of France. mother. Charles had seized ott parts of Guyenne. and the Spencers sent the queen of France It is true, that when he arrived at the court of Charlds the Fair. she prevailed on hrm to mnake up the muatter with her Ibrother, and also to keep her at a distance, as they knew to stay longer than Edward and his favorites wished. Site exerted herself as much as mhe disliked them. There is a letter in ymrer, from kinig Edward to pope John XXII., possible to procure men and money, which she intended to employ in forcing the king, dateti March 8th, 1324, in which tie says he is determined to send the queen to France to her husband, from the hands of the Spencers. For further particutars, which, however, treat with her brother. This date is remasrkable, because Froissart places the journey do not seem so me very material to this part of the history, 1 must refer to the Memois of the queen'two years earlier' for he says the queen of England remained at Paris itself in vol. x. des M6moires de t'Acaddmie des Inscriptions. &c. thrie yenrs. Now it is certain she returned to England the B2nd of September. iI:Sd; she * W Vas in mynde &;rill to make his custer to be taken, &c.-Loan BEtRNSRs. mtust, therefore. hare arrived in France in 1123.'But F'roissart is mistaken; her iourney t Then ye queue was greatly abasshed [eishie] and required hym all wepyng of hB was posrerior to thie expetlition against Guyenne which lasted from May, 1124, to the good cosnmaile. Then he srsyed, &c. —LoRn Bsasszas. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 17!he empire, whiere there are many noble lords who will greatly assist:ibestowed upon himn, the gallant knight would not change his purpose, youj patilcu!arly Wi!liarnm, earl of Hlainault, and his brother, who are'saying, that be could die but once; that the time was in the will of both great lords, and wise and loyal men, and much dreaded by their GCod; and that all true krit2h~ts were bound to aid, to the utmost of enemies." their power, all ladies and damsels driven friom their kingdoms cuin. The queen ordered her baggage to be made ready as secretly as fortless and forlorn. she could; and having paid for everything, she quitted Paris, accomnanied by her son, the earl of Kent, and all her company, and took C H A P T E R I X. tihe road to Hainault. After soneic days she came into the country QUEEN ISABELLA ARRItVES IN ENGLAND WITH SIt JOHN DE HAINAULT. of Carnbray. When she found she was in the territories of the em- TUS ws ir ohn d Hainault strengthened and encouraged i TaUS was8 sir John de Haninaukt streng'thened and encouraged inr.ire, she was more at her ease, passed through Cambresis, entered his resolution. e enestly entreated the Hainulter to e at Halle, Ingthis resolution. I-e earnestlty entreated thie Hainaulters to be at Halle'Oatrcvalnt, itn Hainault, and iodged at the house of a poor knight the Brabanters at Breda, tihe Hollanders (of whom he had a few) at called Eastace d'Ambreticourt, who received her with great pleasure, Dordrecht atd the Bohemians at Gertruydenberg, by a fixed and and entertained her in the best manner he could; insomuch that limited day. T queen of Enland took leave of the earl and linfited day. Thle qlueen of Englandt tooki leave of the earl and after wards the queen of England and her son invited the knight, his fte ard the queen of England aidhe sot- invited ti-i kng scountess, thanking them much for the honor and entertainment they wife, and all his children, to England, and advanced their fortunes had shown her,'and kissed them at her departure. The queen, her in different ways. son, and suite, set off, accompatnied by sir John, who with great dii'The arrival of the queen in Hainault was soon known in the ulty had otaied is brother's perissio. e said to m, when nouse of the good earl of IHainault, who was then at Valenciennes. he too his leave, "y der lord ad brother, I am young, ah be. he took his leave, "1My dear lord' and brother, I am young, andt be. Sir John, his brother, was also informed of the hour when she lieve that God has inspired me with a desire of this enterprise for alighted at the house of the lord of Ambreticourt. This sir John, av et a inka-d hivefcrtn tha tis l advancement; I also think and believe for certain, that this lady and being at that time very young, and panting for glory like a knight- her son have beet driven front tteir kingdom wrongfully atd sinfully. errant, mounted his horse, and, accompanied by a few persons, set If it is for the honor nd ry of od, and of t world, to comfort out rom alecienes or Abreicout, werehe arivd intheIf it is for the honor a.nd glory of God,-'and of the world, to comfort out from Valenciennes for Ambreticourt, where he arrived in the the afflicted and oppressed, how much more so is it, to help and succor evening, and paid the quei every respect and honor one of such high birth, who is the daughter of a king descended The queen was at that time very dejected, a~In nd aeavr The queen was at that time very dejected, and made a very fiom royal lineage, and to whose blood we ourselves are related! I lamentable complaint to him of all her griefs; which affected sir John so much, that he mixed his own tears with hers, and said, would have preferred renouncing every expectation I have here, and John so much, that he mixed his own tears with hers, and said, "Lady, see here your knight, who will not fail to die for you, though gone and served God beyond seas, without ever returning, rather dy, o lsee sho sert you; ktheo will I t o devrythigh than this good lady should have left us without comfort and aid. If eery one else should desert you; therefore will I doeverything in you will permit me to go, and grant me a willing leave,'I. shall do my power to conduct you and your sen, and to restore you to your well, and thereby better accomplish my purpose." rank in England, by the grace of God, and the assistance of your When the good earl had heard his brother, and perceived the greas lfriends in those parts; and I, and all those whomI can influence, desire he had for this enterprise, and that possibly it might turn out not: will risk our lives on the adventure, for your sake; and we will have a sufficient armed force, if it please God, without fearing any danger only to his own honor, but to that of his descendants; he said to him,. "Dear brother, God forbid that there should be any hindrance to your from the king of France." The queen, who was sitting down, and wish: therefore I give you leave in the name of God!" He then. sir John standing before her, rose, and would have cast herself at his kissed him and squeezed his hand, in sin of great affection. feet, out of gratitude for the great favor he had just offered her; but Sir John set out, an d weit that night to M ena, in Hainaut, wher the gallnnt ~~~~~~~~~~~~~Sir John set out, and went that night to Mons, in Hainault, where. the gallant sir John, rising up quickly, caught her in his arms, and he slept, as did the queen of England. Why should I lengthen mf? said, " God forbid that the queen of England should ever do such ato t, tie n o land so iet r Zn~~~~~~ story? Ti-iy travelled in such a manner as to arrive at Dordrecle', thing! Madam, be of good comfort to yourself and company, for I ty The time limited for their friends to meet them. At that plae will keep my promise-and you shall come and see my brother, and the they provided themselves with vessels of different sizes, and having. countess his wife, and all their fine children, who will be rejoiced to embarked their cavalry, baggage, &c., they set sail, having first see you, for I have heard them say so." The queen answered, "Sir, recommended themselves to the care of the Lord. In this expedi I find in you more kindness and comfort than in all the world besides, tion there were the following knights and lords of Hainault; firs. and I give you five hundred thousand thanks for what you have said sir John d Hainault, lord of Beaumont, sir Henry d'Antoing, si and offered me. If you will kieep what you have promised me with Michael de Lign-e, the lord of Gaolmnegines, sir Percival de Semeries, so much courtesy, I and my son shall be for ever bound unto you, s sir Robert de Bailleuil, sir Sanxen de Bouissoit, the lords of Vertaing, and ie will put othe ingdomt of England unde your management, d Pocelles, de Villers, de Hein, de Sars, de Bolsiers, d'Ambreticourt, asm in justice it ought to be." After this conversation, sir Joan do Hainault took leave for thede Sermuel, sir Oulphart de Guistelle, and many other knights and After this conversation, sir Johln de Hainaukt tookr le~ave for the night, and went to Douy, wher he slept at the abbey. The next esquires, all eager to serve their master. When they left the harbor niglat, at-id went to Douay, wvhere he slept at the abbey. Ti-ic next of Dordrecht, the fleet, considering the force, made a beautiful apday, after having heard mass and taken some refreshment, he returned to tihe queen, who received him with great joy. S-he had finished pearance, from its good order, and from the weather being clear and to he ueeerwhorecive hi wth rea jo. Se hd fnisedtemperate. They came opposite to the dykes of Holland the firsiher dinner, and was going to mount her horse, when sir John arrived temperate. Tey ca opposite to the dykes of olland the firs tide after their departure. The next day they cast anchor and furled The queen of England quitted the castle of Anlbretw,3-jrt, and, ill their sails, intending to Follow the coast of Zealand, and to land at a talking leave of the knight and his lady, she thanked them for their takinglaveofheknigt adhisladyshe thkd tmwi-n sfhei port which theyr had descried; but they were prevented by a violent good cheer, adding, that she trusted a time would come, tenpest, which drove thon so far out of their course, that for two tempyest, which drove them so far out of their course, th~at for two aind her son would not fail to remember their courtesy. and her son would not fail to remember their courtesy. days they knew not where they were. In this God was very merciful The queen set off, accompanied by sir John, lord of Beaumont, who with joy and respect conducted her to Valenciennes. Many of to them; for, had they landed at the port they intended, they would who with joy and respect conducted her to Valenciennes. Many of have fallen itito the hands of their enemies, who apprised of- their the citizens of the town came out to meet her, and received her with have ftllen into the a thir enemies, who apprised of their great humility. She was thus introduced to William, earl of Hain- end of twaited fordays the storm at thated pl andce to put the saiors deathscryg Engiathd, ault, who, as well as the countess, received her very graciously. made for it with great joy, and landed upon the sands, having neithel Many great feasts were give n on this occasion, as no one knew better harbor nor isafe port. Tihey remained there three days at. a short than the countess how to do the honors of her house. This earl allowance of provisions, whaile they disembarked their cavalry, and William had at that time four daughters, Margaret, Philippa, Joan, landed their b aggago. They w e re ignorant in what part of England andwlandeda their baggage. They wee gnoran in whatr paid more court and attention to Phiipanaa to any of the others; the young king Edward paid more court alsond attentionrsed they were, whether that part of the country was friendly to them or to Phiippa than to any of the others; the youngady also conversed not. The fourth day they began their march, putting themselves more frequently with him, and sought his company oftener than any under the protection of God and St. George, having suffered much of her sisters. The queen'emained at Valenciennes during eight from cold and hunger in addition to their late fears,.of:which they days, with the' good earl and countess Joan of Valois; in the mean had not yet divested themselves. They marched over hill and dali time the queen made every preparation for her departure, and sir until they came to some villages; soon after wards they saw a large John wrote very affectionate letters unto certain knights, and those until they came to some viles; soon afterwards they s a large companions i whom he put t ost confidence, in Hainaut,'in monastery of black friars, called St. Hamons, where they refreshed companions in whom he put the most confidence, in Hainarult, in tesle uigtredy. Brabant, and Bohemia, beseeching them, from all the friendship that themselves durin three days.* was between them, that they would accompany him in his expedition CHAPTER X. to England. There were great numbers in these countries who were willing to THE QUEEN OF ENGLAND BESIEGES HER HUSBAND tN TIE CITY OF BRISTOL go with him from the love they bore him, and many who refused, THE news of her arrival being spread abroad, soon came to the notwithstanding his request; and even sir John himself was much knowledge of those lords by whose advice she had returned; they reproved by the earl, his brother, and by some of hiis council, because got themselves ready as soon as possible to join her son, whom they it seemed to them that this enterprise was of much hazard, on ac- wished to have for their sovereign. The first who came was Henry, count of the great divisions and enmities which at that time subsisted earl of Lancaster, surnanted Wryneck, brother to the earl Thomas, among the great barons and commons in Eugland; and also because who had been beheaded, and father of the duke of Lancaster, who the English are always very jealous of strangers, which made them tmakes so conspicuous a figure in the following history. This carl doubt whether sir Joht de Hainault and his companions would ever Henry was attended by a great number of ment-at-arms. After him return. But, notwithstanding all their blame and all their advice * P: Vir: snays that this company Talaned is tite countity of'Sulflk. and metons a village ealletd Orwel, in which titay refreshed themselves. Tlhe Chronicee of' Flnndors * Ilia son was one of the first knights of the garter. See Ashmole's History of the calls it Norwell, and adds that it it a iea port. — /annoatwntsfrom Dnms SArUvAGl'Z Garter. edition. 18 CRRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. came, from different parts, earls, barons, knights, and esquires, and her son as prisoners. Thus ended this bold and gallant enterprise of with such an armed force, that they no longer thought they had any- sir John de Hainault and his companions, who, when they embarked thing to apprehend. As they advanced, their forces were still in- at Dordrecht, amounted to no more than three hundred men-at-arms. creased; so that a council was called to consider if they should not By their means' queen Isabella recovered her kingdom, and destroyed march directly to Bristol, where the king and the two Spencers then her enemies; at which the whole nation, except some few who were were. attached to the Spencers, was greatly rejoiced. Bristol was at that time a large town, well inclosed, and situated When the king and sir Hugh Spencer were brought toBristol by on a good port. Its castle was very strong, and surrounded L! the sir Henry Beaumont, the king was sent, by the advice of the barons sea. The king, and sir Hugh Spencer, the elder, who was about and knights, to Berkeley castle, under a strong guard. Many atten. ninaty years of age, and sir Hugh Spencer, his son, the chief gov- tions were paid to him, and proper people were placed near his person, ernor of the king, and adviser of all his evil deeds, shut themselves to take every care of him, but on no account to suffer him to pass the up in it. The earl of Arundel, who had married the daughter of the bounds of the castle. Sir Hugh Spencer was delivered up tosir Thomas younger Spencer, was also there, as well as divers knights and esquires, Wager, marshal of the army. attending the king's court. The queen and all the army set out for London, which is thile pwnThe queen, with all her company, the lords of Hainault, and their cipal city in England. Sir Thomas Wager caused sir Hugh Spencer suite, took the shortest road for that place; and in every town through to be fastened on the poorest and smallest horse he could find, clothed which they passed were entertained with every mark of distinction. with a tabart, such as he was accustomed to wear. He led him thus Their forces were augmenting daily until they arrived at Bristol, which in derision, in the suite of the queen, through all the towns they passed, they besieged in form. The kcing, and the younger Spencer, shut where he was announced by trumpets and cymbals, by way of greater themselves up in the castle; old sir Hugh, and the earl of Arundel, mockery, till they reached Hereford, where she and her suite were remained in the town. respectfully and joyfully received. The feast of All Saints was there When the citizens saw the queen's force, and the affections of celebrated with the greatest solemnity and magnificence, out of affec. almost all E:,gand on her side, alarmed at their own perilous situation, tion to her son, and respect to the noble foreigners that attended him. they de.:minined in council to surrender the town, on condition that their lives and property should be spared. They sent to treat with the queen on this subject; but neither she nor her council would consent CHA P`ER XIII. to it, unless sir Hugh Spencer and the earl of Arundel were delivered up to her discretion, for she had come purposely to destroy themn. SIR HUGH SPENCER JUDGED AND EXECUTED. The citizens seeing they had no other means of saving the town, W the feast was over, i g, w ws not beloved in hose ~~~~~n ~~~~~~~WREN the feast was over, sir Hugh, who was not beloved in those theirlives, and their fortunes, acceded to the queen's terms, and opened prts, was brought before the queen and knights assembled; the their gates to her. She entered the town, accompanied by sir John ches were read to him-to wich he made no reply; the barons M ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~charges were, read to him —to which he made no reply; the barons de Hainault, with all her barons, Iknights, and esquires, who took their nd knights then passed the following sentece on him first, at he lodgng heren; he ther, fr wat o acommoatin, rmariedand knights then passed the following sentence on him: first, that hea lodging therein; the others, for want of accommodation, emained should be drawn on a hurdle, attended by trumpets and clarions, without. Sir Hugh Spencer, and the earl of Arundel, were delivered without. Sir Hugh fpener, and the earl of Arundel, were delivered through all the streets in the city of Hereford, and then conducted to to the queen to do with them as it should please her. Her children the market-place, where all the people were assembled; at that place were also brought to her —John and her two daughters, found fhere ilL he was to be bound upon a high scaffold5, in order that le might be he, was to be bound upon a high scaffold*, in order that lie might be the keeping of sir Hugh Spencer. As she had not seen them a long the keeping of sihr Hab Spencer. As tshe had not seen them a long more easily seen by the people. First, his private parts were cut off, time, ths gave her great joy, as well as to all her paty because he was deemed a heretic, and guilty of unnatural practices, TPhe king and the younger Spencer, shut up in the castle, were much The ing and the youner Spencer, shut up in the aste, were much even with the king, whose affections he had alienated from the queen grieved at what passed, seeing the whole country turned to the queen's by his wicked suggestions. His private parts were then cast into a party, and to Edward, his eldest son. large fire' kindled close to him; afterwards, his heart was thrown into the same fire, because it had been false and traitorous, since hlie had by his treasonable counsels so advised the king, as to bring shame and C H A P T E R XI. mischief on the land, and had caused some of the greatest lords to be OIl HUGHo SPENCER THE ELDER, AND THE EARL OF ARUNDEL, ARE beheaded, by whom the kingdom ought to have been supported and defended; and had so seduced the king, that he could not nor would _ADJUDGiED TO DEATH. I A ~DJUDGED TO DEA~TH, not see the queen, or his eldest son, who was to be their future sove. As soon as the queen and the barons were lodged at their ease, reign, both of whom had, to preserve their lives, been forced to quit:they made their approaches to the castle as near as they could. The the kingdom. The other parts of sir Hugh thus disposed of, his head'queen then ordered sir Hugh Spencer the elder, and the earl of Arun- was cut off and sent to London. "del, to be brought before her eldest son, and the barons assembled, After the execution, the queen and all the lords, with a great num.'and said to them, that she and her son would see that law and justice her of common people, set out for London. As they approached it, s-hould be done unto them according to their deeds. Sir Hugh replied, great crowds came out to meet them, and received both her and her,O' Ah! madam, God grant us an upright judge and a just sentence; son, as well as those who accompanied her, with great reverence.'and that if we cannot have it in this world, we may find it in another!" The citizens presented handsome gifts to the queen, as well as to'Then rose up sir Thomas Wager, a good knight, wise and courteous, those of her suite, where they thought them best bestowed. After'and marshal of the army: he read, from a paper in his hand, the fifteen days passed in feasts and rejoicings, the companions of sir chargets against them, and then addressed himself to an old knight, John de Ilainault were impatient to return home, for they thought'seated on his right hand, to decide the punishment due to persons they had well performed their duty, and acquired great honor. They;guilty of such crimes. This knight consulted with the other barons took leave of the queen and of the nobles of the country, who besought and knights, and reported it as their opinion, that they deserved death them to tarry a little longer, to consider what ought to be done with'for the many horrible crimes with which they had been charged, and the king, then a prisoner; but they had so great a desire to return'which they believed to be clearly proved; that they ought, from the home, that entreaties were of no avail. When the queen and her countdiversity of their crimes, to suffer in three different manners: first, to cil saw this, they addressed themselves to sir John de Hainault, and'be drawn on a hurdle to the place of execution, there to be beheaded, requested him to remain only till after Christmas, and tat hlie would.and afterwards to be hung on a gibbet. Agreeably to this sentence, detain as many of his followers as possible. That gallant knight, they were executed before the castle of Bristol, in the sight of the king, wishing to leave nothing undone that depended on him, courteously,sir Hugh Spencer, and all those within it. This execution took place complied with the queen's request. He detained as many of his in October, on St. Denis's day, 1326. companions as he could; but small was the number, the greater part refusing to stay on any account, which angered him much. Though the queen and her council saw that no entreaties could ~CHAB~PTER XII. ~prevail on his companions to stay, they showed them every mark of respect. The queen ordered a large sum of money to be given them AMl Ar[G OF ENGLAND AND SIR HUGH SPENCER ARE TAKEN AT SEA AS THIEY for their expenses, besides jewels of high price, which she presented WERE ENDEAVORING TO ESCAPE FROM THE CASTLE OF BRISTOL. to each according to his rank; so that all were perfectly satisfied. She also paid to each, in ready money, the value of their horses that THIS act of justice performed, the kinng and sir Hugh Spencer, seeing they chose to leave behind, according to their own estimation, without ihemselves so closely pressed, and being ignorant whether any succor any demur. was coming to them, embarked one mornning with a few followers, in w nas comm, to them, embarked one moningr with a few followers, 5 Sir John and a few of his companions remained in England, ac. a:small boat behind the castle, intending, if possible, to reach the cording to the queen's desire, and the English paid to him and his principality of Wales: they were eleven or twelve days in this small companions all the respect in their power. boat, and notwithstanding every effort to get forward, the winds proved There was at that time a great number of countesses and other so contrary,' by the will of God,- that once or twice a day they were noble ladies and damsels attendant on the queen, as well as otherb driven back within a quarter or a league of the castle whence they who came there daily, who were not behindhand in their attentions to set out. At leng~th sir Hemilry Beaumont, son of the viscount Beau-. sir John, thinking the gallant knight very deserving of them. moat of Englana, espying the vessel, embarked with some of his companions in a'barge, and rowed so vigorously after it, that the king's * Lord Berners adds "& the lordes in taglanda," net thinking it right that a. thi boatmen, unble to escape, were overtaken. The king and sir Hugh praise should be given to the ilainaulters. Stpencer were brought back to Bristol, and delivered to the queen and * T.ed on high upon a Iaddert[escholle.}-LoRD BInaaRS. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 19 I ladies who had accompanied the queen to England, with many rich C HA P T E R X IV. jewels, on their laking leave. THE CORONATION OF KING EDWARD THE THIRD. Sir John and his company immediately embarked on board the vessels prepared for them, to be in time for the tournament. The MOST of the followers of sir John de HainarIlt having retlurned home, king sent with him fifteen young and hardy knights, to attend him at the lord of B'eaumont however remaining, the queen gave leave to this tournament, there to try their skill, and to get acquainted with many of her household, as well as others, to return to their country- the lords and knights that were to be there. Sir John and his corm. seats, except a few of the nobles, whom she kept with her as her pany paid them all the attention in their power, and on this occasi;r council, expressly ordering them to come back at Christmas to a great tournayed at Condi. court, which at that time she intended to hold. They took leave, promising to be there at the time appointed, as well as many others who had notice of the feast. When Christmas came, she held the court above mentioned, and it was very fully attended by all the nobles and CH A P T E R X V. prelates of the realm, as well as by the principal officers of the chief ROBERT BRUCE, KING OF SCOTLAND, DEFIES ING EDWARD. cities and towns. Iri this assembly it was determined, that the kingdom could no longer remain without a sovereign, and that all the acts AFTER the departure of sir John de Hainault, king Edward and his of the king, then in prison, proceeding from his own will, or the evil mother governed the kingdom, by the counsels of the good earl of counsel of others, and ill government of the realm, should be stated in Kent, and of sir Roger Mortimer, who possessed vast estates in Eng. writing, and read aloud to all the nobles and sages of the country, in land, to the amount of 7001. sterling a-year. Both of them had been order that they might take advice, and resolve how, and by whom, banished with the queen. They also took the advice of sir Thomas the country in future should be governed: and when all the acts done Wager, and of others, who were esteemed the wisest in the land. by the king, or having his consent, as well as his conduct in private This, however, created much envy, which never dies in England, but life, had been read, the chiefs of the assembly consulted together, and reigns there as well as in other places. Thus passed the winter and agreeing, from their own knowledge, that the greater part of what Lent in perfect peace, until Easter; when it happened that Robert, they had just heard read was true, that such a man was not worthy king of Scotland, who, though brave, had suffered much in his wars lo he a king, neither to bear a crown, nor the title of king, they unani- with England, having often been defeated by king Edward, grandfather of the young king, being at this time very old, and afflicted with leprosy, hearing that the king had been taken prisoner and de. posed, and his counsellors put to death, thought it a favorable oppor tunity to send a defiance to the present king, as yet a youth, whose barons were not on good terms with each ether, and to attempt the conquest of some part of England. About Easter, 1327, he,- sent a L__ X defiance to king Edward and all the country, informing them that he would enter the kingdom, and burn it as far as he had done before after the defeat of Stirling, in which the English suffered so much. EiWhen the young king and his council received this challenge, they published it throughout the kingdom, and ordered that all the nobles and others should come properly accoutred and accompanied, accord. ing to their different ranks, to York, the day of Ascension following. He also sent a considerable body of men-at-arms to guard the, fron. tiers of Scotland, and messengers to sir John de Hainault, begging him very afbectionately to assist and accompany him in this expe.:3-saP~ i sjM'S dition, and to meet him at York on Ascension-day, with as many companions at arms as he could bring with him. When the lord of Beaumont received this request, he dispatched letters and messengers into Flanders, Hainault and Brabant, or wherever he thought he could collect good companions, praying them to meet him, well equipped, at Wissan,* there to ernbark for England. Such as he sent to came, as well as others that heard of |- |1w< Am \,\fit, in the expectation of gaining as large sums as those who had ac. companied him in his former expedition to England. When the lord of Beaumlont camne to Wissan, he found vessels EDWARD TEE THIRD.-Froni the tomb at Westminister Abbey ready to transport him and his company. They embarked with their cavalry as expeditiously as possible, and crossed over to Dover, whence, without halting, they continued their march till they reached York. The king, his mother, and a nulmber of other lords and baroins mously resolved, that his elder son and true heir, then present, should were there assemnlled, as well to advise as to attend the king. They be crowned instead of the father; and that he should take good and waited at York the alrivrl of sir John, of the ren-at-arlas and arch. loyal counsel, that the kingdom might be henceforward better gov- ers, and of the common people from the different towns and cities. erned. They ordered that his father should be kept a prisoner, having As they canie in large bodies, they were quariered in the villages every attention paid to his rank, as long as he should live. All was around York, at the distance of two or three letagues, and thence done, as agreed to by the chief nobles of the country and the princi- marched toward the borders. pal officers of the great towns. Sir John and his company reached York by the appointed time, The young king Edward, since so fortunate in arms, was crowned and were welcomed and magnificently entertained by the king, with a royal diadem, in the palace of Westminister, on Christmas- queen, and all the barons. The handsomest suburbs of the city day, 1326. He completed his sixteenth year on the feast of the con- were assigned tlheli for their quarters, and a monastery of white friars version of St. Paul following. was allotted for alim and his household. In company with the At this coronation, sir John de Hainault, and all his companions, knight, came from Hain.ault, the lord of Anghien called sir Walter, noble or otherwise, were much feasted, and many rich jewels were sir Henry, lord of Antoing, the lord of Seignoles, and the following given to him and those that stayed with him. I-Ie and his friends knights: o3jr Fastres de Reu, sir Robert de Bailleul, sir William de remained during these grand feasts, to the great satisfaction of the Bailleul,!is biother, the lord of Havereth castellan of Mons, sir lords and ladies that were there, until Twelfth-day, when he received Alart de Briseil, sir Michael (Ce Linrne, sir John de Montigny the information that the king of Bohemia, the earl of Hainault his bro. younger and his brother, sir Sause de Boussac, sir Percival de Sevether, and many great lords of France, had ordered a tournament to be ries, the lords of Gommegines, de Biauriein and de Folion. There proclaimed at Cond6: sir John, therefore, would no longer stay, not- came also from Fiaoders, first, sir Hector de Vilains, sir John de withstanding their entreaties, from the great desire he had to attend Rhodes, sir Vaufilat do Guistelle, sir James de Guistelle, his brother, this tournament, to see his brother and the other princes, especially sir Gossuin de la Muelle, and the lord of Tarces. Many came from that gallant and generous prince, Charles, king of Bohemia. Brabant; as the lord of Dusle, sir Thierry de Vaucourt, sir Rasses When the young king Edward, his mother, and the barons, saw de Gres, sir John de Cassebegne, sir John Pilestre, sir William de that it was not possible to detain him any longer, they gave him per- Courterelles, the three brothers de Harlebeque, sir Walter de Haute mission to depart very much against- their will. The king, by the bergue, and several others. Of the Bohenmians were, sir John de advice of the queen, granted him an annuity of four hundred mnarks Libeaux, Hellry his brother, sir Henry de la Chappelle, sir Hughl de sterling, hereditable rent, to be held of him in fee, payable in the Hay, sir John de Limies, sir Lambert des Prez, sir Gilbert de Hers. city of Bruges. IHe gave also to Philip de Chateaux, his principal There came also other volunteer knights out of Cambresis and Ar. esquire and chief counsellor, a hundred marlks sterling of rent, to be tois, in hopes of advancement; so that sir John had five hundred paid at the same time and place. He likewise gave a considerable good men in lais company, wvell apparelled and richly mounted. sum to defray his expenses, and those of his attendants, on their re. turn home. He ordered many knights to accompany him to Dover, * Wissan is a town in the Boulonois, generality of Calais. It is believed by Camdes mad that his passage should be free of all cost. He presented the to bethe Portus Iccius from which Cesar embarked tibr Britain. Thi is ciso, (asd it countessde(Iare11nested sitoae of thie dissertations at tie close of the M mnoires de Joinville. —Fifth wluu f tl Cointess de Garennes, sister to the count de Bar, and some other Collection of Historical Memoirs relative to the History of France. teo CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. After the feast of the Pentecost, sir William, who was afterwards whom they had received information, were coming, with orders, that, luke of Juliers, by the death of his father, and sir Thierry de Ham- if they perceived any bodies in motion advancing toward the town, oerque, since earl of Los, arrived with a gallant company, to do they were immediately to return to the detachments in the fields, in honor to sir John de Hainault. order that they might be quickly mounted, and collected together under their own banner, at an appointed alarm-post. They continued in the suburbs four weeks in this distressing situation, and none, C HI A i T E R`x~ y j except a few of the great lords, who went to court to see the king and C ttA PT ER X VI. pC SION BETWEEN TE ARCERS OF ENGLAND AND THE HIN- his council, or to the entertainments to hear the news, ventured to quit their quarters or their arms. If this unfortunate quarrel had not AULTERS. happened, they would have passed their time very pleasantly; for Tim king of England, in order to entertain and feast the strangers there was such plenty in the city and surrounding country, that during and their company, held a great court on Trinity-Sunday, at the house more than six weeks, while the king and the lords of England, with of the Black Friars, where he and the queen were lodged, and where upward of forty thousand men-at-arms, remained there, the proviseach kept their household separate; the king with his knights, and ions were not dearer; for as much was to be bought for a penny as the queen with her ladies, whose numbers were considerable. At before their arrival. Good wines from Gascony, Alsace and the this court the king had five hundred knights, anrl created fifteen new Rhine, were in abundance and reasonable; poultry and other such ones. The queen gave her entertainment in the dormitory, where provisions at a low price. Hay, oats, and straw, of a good quality. at least sixty ladies, who she had invited to entertain sir John de and cheap, were delivered at their quarters. Hainault and his suite, sat down at her table. There, might be seen a numerous nobility well served with plenty of strange dishes, so disguised that it could not be known what they were. There CHAPTER XVII. were also ladies most superbly dressed, who were expecting with OF THE MXANNErs OF THE SCOTS, AND IOW T.HEY CARRY ON.WVAR. impatience the hour of the ball, or a longer continuance of the feast: AFTER remaining three weeks from the time of this affray, the king but it fell out otherwise; for, soon after dinner, a violent affiray hap- issued a proclamation hy his marshals, that every one in the course of pened between some of the grooms of the Haina~ulters, and the Engpened between some of the grooms of the Hainulters, and the Eng the ensuing week should be provided with carts, tents, and everything lish archers, who were lodged with them in the suburbs. This necessary for their march toward Scotland: when every one was increased so much that the archers collected together with their bows erly i d, the king and all his barons marched out of the properly equipped, the king and all his barons marched out of the strung, and shot at them so as to force them to retreat to their lodg- cty, and encamped six legues from it. Sir Jo de ainault and city, and encamped six leagues fr'om it. Sir John de Hainault and ings. The greater part of the knights and their masters, who were his copany were encamped near the ing, s a mrk of distinction, t, tD ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~his company were encamped near the king, as a miark of distinction, still at court, hearing of the affray, hastened to their quarters. Those cl t could nclt enter them were expoued and to prevent the archers from taking any advantage of him, the king that could nut enter them were exposed to great. danger; for the to gre danger; for the and this first division remained there two days and two nights, wait. archers, to the number of three thousand, aimed both at masters and i the arrival of money for his expenses, as well as to examne servants. ~~~~~~~~~~~~ing the arrival of money for his expenses, as well as to examrine servants. It was supposed that this affray was occasioned by the whether anything were wanting. On the third day the army disfriends of the Spencers, and the earl of Arundel, in revenge for their loded and befre daybe marched till they came to the city of lodged, and before daybreak marched till they came to the city of having been put to death through the advice of sir John de Hainault. Durham a long day's journey, at the entrance of a country called The English also, at whose houses the Hainaulters lodged, barricaded Northumberlnd, which is wild, full of deserts and mountains, and Northumiberland, which is wild, filll of deserts and mountains, and their doors and windows, and would not suffer them to enter: never- poor in everything xc theless, some of them gotadmittance at the back doors, and quickly poor in everything except cattle. The river Tyne runs through it, Ifull of fints and large stones. Upon this river is situated the town armed themselves, but durst not advance into the street, for fear of called wcastle upon Tyne. The lord arshal of England was the arrows. The strangers immediately sallied from behind their the rros. he sranersimmeiatly allid fom.behid teirthere, with a numerous arlmy to guard the country against the Scots. lodgins, breaking down the hedes and nclosures, until they cae At Carlisle was a considerable body of Welsh, under the command of to a square, where they halted, waiting for their companions, till they lord Hereford and lord Mowbry, to defend the passage of the Eden; amounted to a hundred under arms, and as many without, who could for the Sects could not enter England without passing one of these not gain admittance to their lodgings. United thus, they hastene rivers. The Eglish could get no cetain information of the Scots n ~~~~~~~rivers. The Euglish could get no certain information of the Scots to assist their friends, who were defending their quarters in the great until they arrived at this place: they had passed the river so privately, street';n the best manner they could: they passed through the hotel that neitser those of Carlisle nor those of Newcastle had the smallest of the lord of Anyhien, which had great'gates before and behind of the lord of Aghin, which had great gates efre nd behind nowledge of it. These towns are said to be distant from each other open into the street, where the archers were dealing about their four-and-twenty English leagues. arrows in a furious manner. Many Hainaulters were wounded with The Scts ae bold, hry, and much inured to war. When t thern.* ~~~~~~~~~~~~~The Seels are bold, hardy, and much inured to war. When they Here we found the good knights, sir Fastres de Rue, sir Pcival de make their invasions into England, they march from twenty to four. and-twenty leagues without halting, as well by night as day; for geveries, and sir Sause de Boussac, who, not getting- admittance into t everies, and sir Suse de Boussac, who, not etting dmittnce they are all on horseback, exccept the camp followers, who are on their lodgings, performed deeds equal t-, those that were armed. t. The knights an esquir are ell mounted on lae ay They had in their hands great oaken staffs, taken from the house of horses, the common people on little galloways. They bring no car. a carter: they dealt their blows so successfully that none durst igs 1 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~riages with them, on account of the mountains they have to pass in atpproach them, and, being strong and valiant knights, beat down, wtateo con ftemutiste aet asi tpproach them, pard, being strong and valiant knights, bee h down, Northumberland; neither do they carry with them any provisions or;hat evening, upward of sixty men. At last the archers were dischteeig padofsxymiu tls teaceswr. bread or wine; for their habits of sobriety are such, in time of war, cornfited and put to flight. There remained on the ground dead cofthe ahndred put to fiht.reThere remained eon the gronnd dead that they will live for a long time on flesh half sodden, without bread, three hundred men, or thereabouts, who were all from the bishoprick end drink the river-water without wine. They have, therefore, no and drink the river-water without wine. They have, therefore, no of Lincoln. I believe that God never showed greater grace or favor occasion pots or pis; for they dress the flesh of their cattle in n ~~~occasion for pots or pans; for they dress the flesh of their cattle ini to any one than he did in that day to sir John ds H-ainau~t and Iiis to any one than he did in that day to sir John de Hainauh amd his the skins, after they have taken them off: and, being sure to find company; for these archers certainly meant nothing less than to osceraly ment nothin less than to plenty of them in the country which they invade, they carry none murder and rob them, notwithstanding they were conie upon the I mrea r hmntisnd h e c un the with them. Under the flaps of his saddle, each man carries a broad king's business. These strangers were never in such great peril as plate of metal; behind the saddle, a little bag of oatmeal: when they durinn the time they remainend at Yorki: nor were they in perfect have eaten too much of the sodden flesh, and their stomach appears safety until their return to Wissan; for, during their stay, the hatred wea and empty, they place this plate over the fire, mix wit water weak and empty, they place this plate over the fire, mix with water of' the archers was so greatly increased against them, that some of their oatmeal, and when the plate is heated, they put little o the thiroteal, and when the lt shaete u iteo h the barons and principal knights informed the lords of Hainault, that paste upon it, and make a thin cake, like a cracknel or biscuit, which the archers and others of the commonal~ty of England, to the number n c a e co' gn t lb they eat to warm their stomachs: it is therefore no wonder, that they of six thousand, had entered into an agreement to massacre and burn n a the perform a long-er day's march than other soldiers. In this manner the them and their followers in their lodgings either by night or day, and por nerd ar t an o ries Inthi a the Scots entered England, destroying and burning everything as they there was no one on the part of the king, or of the barons, that could cs en En d detoi an bn eerh a th passed. They seized mnore cattle than they knew what to do with venture to assist them. The Hainaulters, therefore, had no other pe Ty sied or thai e w at d resource left than to stand by each other, and to sell their lives as Tir army consiste of four thousnd men-atrms, night and dearly as possible. Themdemaypresquires, well mounted; besides twenty thousand men, bold and dearly as possible. They made many-prudent regulations for their hardy, armed after the manner of their cou try, and mounted upon conduct, were frequently obliged to lie on their arms, to confine little hackneys, that are never tied up or dressed, but turned, imme. themselves to their quarters, and to have their armor ready, and their diately after the day's march, to pasture on the heath or in the fields horses always saddle~~~~~~~~~d.Tewreasobi~e oke eachet tely after the day's march, to pastuare on the heath or in the fields horses always saddled. They were also obliged to keep detachments This army was commanded by two valiant captains. The king of continually on the watch in the fields and roads round the city, and to otland himself, who had been very brae, yet being old, and labor send scouts to the distance of half a league, to see if those people, of Stndel, woh d b e bay t bno, or ____________ _ ~ing under a leprosy, appointed for one that g allant p rince, so re* In Lelanr's Collectanea, there is a different account ef tie causeoftins a ffray. Part nowned in arms, the earl of Moray, who bore upon his banner argent second of volume ftirst, p. 307: three pillows gules; the other was sir James Douglas, esteemed the Acneo Donini i325, Hamaldi irpud Eboracorn comubussemont de suburbin civimaris fere bravest and most enterprising knight in the two kingdoms: he bore unam parochiam, quae. vocatr S. Nicholai in Ousegaste, propter contumetiam mntan for arns azure on a chef argent. These two lords were the greatest inter burgenses et illos, (lia cepemunt uxores burg.ensium, et filles, et ancillas, per vim in suburbio civitatis. Burgenses veto suburbii indignati de tall incinore, congresi sunt barons, and most renowned for their prowess and other feats of arms. cum Hunaldis more bellico: et ex utraque parte bene armati urn die Martis in Septesmbri ante solis, ortuon in Watelingamte dormiente tora civitate summo mane. Ibi cecide- * WlVherever English leagues are mentioned, lord Berners translates them, and pro. runt de Hunaldis 527, peraser eos oui rmtaliter vulnerati sunt et obiermnt in 3 die et in 4 batly correctly, miles; it is incredible that a body of men armed at all points, should wequentl. De Anglis ceciderunt 242. Submersi in Oune, flu. de Hunaldis, inventi sunt tra'vel from sixty to eigshty miles a day on horseback, which the Scots must have done KqS."' if we are here to read leagrses. —ED. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 21 CHAP T ER XVIII. quarters, to eat and drink what he could find there; and they desired their companions to be silent, in order that the trumpets might be heard: at the first sounding of which, the horses were to be saddled WHEN the English king and all his host had seen the smoke of and made ready; at the second, every one was to arm himself with the fires, which the Scots had made, the alarm was immediately out delay; and, at the third, to mount their horses immediately, and sounded, and every one ordered to dislodge and to follow his ban- join their banners. Each was to take only one loaf of bread with ners: they all, therefore, withdrew to the fields, armed for imme- him, slung behind him after the manner of hunters. All unnecessary diate rcombat. Three battarions of infantry were formed; each arms, harness, and baggage, were ordered, to be left behind, as they battalion having two' wings, composed of five hundred men-at-arms, thought they should for a certainty give battle the next day, whatever who were to remain on horseback. might be the consequences, whether they should win or lose all. As It was said, that there were eight thousand men-at-arms, knights it had been ordered so was it executed, and all were mounted and and esquires, and thirty thousand men armed and equipped, half of ready about midnight. Some had but little rest, notwithstanding whom were mounted on small hackneys; the other half were coun- they had labored hard the day before. Day began to appear as the trymen on foot, sent by the towns and paid by them. There were battalions were assembled at their different posts: the banner-bearers also twenty-four thousand archers on foot, besides all the crew of then hastened on over heaths, mountains, valleys, rocks, and many followers of the army. Thus being drawn up, they marched in dangerous places, without meeting any level country. On the sumbattle array after the Scots, toward the place from whence the mits of the mountains, and in the valleys, were large marshes and smoke came, until it was night. The army halted in a wood, by bogs, and of such extent, that it was a miracle many were not lost the side of a small river, to rest themselves, and to wait for their in them; for each galloped forward without waiting for either combaggage and provision. mander or companion: those who fell into them found difficulty in getting any to help them. Many banners re. mained there, and several baggage and sumpter ___Z - horses never came out again. ___ _==_= --':=-. In the course of the day, there were frequent =__=i.........-T-: —--—: —- =:-~-~-: E --: - _ _:-.... —_ - A-d _ cries of alarm, as if' the foremost ranks were engaged with the enemy; which those behind X ___-;==~;-_-~==-~L~;== i 5 —-— ~~ _ _believing to be true, they hurried forward as ~________ = = _______________fast as possible, over rocks and mountains, sword in hand, with their helmets and shields prepared for fighting, without waiting for father, brother, or friiend. When they had hastened abl to come 7 about half a league toward the place from which the noise came, they found themselves disappointed, as the cries proceeded from some herds of deer or other wild beasts, which abounded in these heaths and desert places, and which fled before thie banners, pursued by the shouts of the a-romy, which made them imagine it was something else. In this manner, the young king of England, agreeably to the advice of his council, rode all that day over mountains and deserts, without _keeping to any fixed road, or finding any town. About vespers, and sorely fatigued, they reached the Tyne, which the Scots had already crossed,..t.....-;ey -- Cou l d --- -e- a ttackethough the English supposed they had it still TEDWARD THE THIRD'S FIRST EXPEDITION AGAINST THE SCOTS.-eFrom an illuminated Froissart. to repass. Accordingly, they went over the ford, but with great difliculty, owing to the large stones that were in the river. The Scots had burnt and pillaged all the country within five When they had passed over, each took up his lodging on its banks ieagules5 of the place where they were, without the English being as he could; and at this time the sun was set. There were few able to come Lip with them among them that had any hatchets, wedges, or other instruments, to At daybreaki the next morning every ont: was armed, and, with cut down trees, to make themselves huts; miany of them had lost oanners displayed, marched in good order over mountains and their companions, and even the foot had remal ned behind, not knowthrough valleys, but could never approach the Scots, who were ing what road to ask for. Those who were best acquainted with advanced before them; for there were so many marshes and danger- the country said, thnat thley had travelled that day twenty English ous places, that it was ordered, under pain of death, that no one leagues* on a gallop, without stopping, except to airrange the furnishould quit his banner, except the marshals. When it drew toward ture of their horses, when it had been loosened by the violent exernighlt, the cavalry, and those who attended the baggage, more espe- cise. They were forced to lie this night on the banks of the river cially the infantry, were so fatigued, that they could march no further. in their armor, and at the same time hold their horses by their bri. The lords saw that they followed the Scots to no purpose; and dles, for there was not any place where they could tie them. Thus that, if the Scots were willing to wait for them, they might post thie horses had nothing to eat, neither oats nor any forage; and the themselves on some mountain, or in some dangerous pass, where men had o nly their loaf that was tied behind them, which was wetted they could not be attacked but at extreme disadvantage. by the sweat of the horses. They had no other beverage but the The king then ordered the marshals to encamp the army there water of the river, except some great lords, who had bottles among for the night, in order that they might consider what was to be done their baggage: nor had they fire or light, not having anything to the next day. The army lay in a wood upon the banks of a smealli make them of; except some few Ilords, who had some torches, river, and the king was lodged in a poor monastery hard by. The which they had brought on sumpter horses. In such a melancholy men-at-arms, horses and baggage, were much fatigued. When each manner did they pass the night, without taking the saddles friom had chosen al spot of ground to encamp himself on, the lords retired off the horses, or disarming themselves. And when the longapart, to consider what would be the best method to force the Scots expected day appeared, when they hoped to find some comfort for to battle, considering the situation of the country in which they themselves and horses, or to fight tihe Se,,ts, which they very much were. It appeared to them, that the Scots were sheering off to their wished for, to get out of their disagreeable situation, it began to rain, own country, burning and pillaging as tlhey went, and that it would and continued all the day, insomuch that the river was so increased be impossible to fight with them in these mountains, without a by noon, that no one could pass over, nor could any one be sent tc manifest disadvantage, supposing they should overtake them, which know where they were, or to get forage and litter for their horses they could not; but, as they must repass the Tyne, it was deter- or bread and wine for their own sustenance; they were therefore mined in full council, that if they were to get themselves ready obliged to fast another night. The horses had nothing to subsist on eabout midnight, and hasten their march next day, they might cut but the leaves of the trees and grass. They cut down with their off the passage of the river, and force them to fight to a disadvantage, swords youring trees, and tied their horses to them. They also cut or remain shut up prisoners in England. down brush rood to make huts for themselves. After this resolution had been entered into, eacih retired to his Some po r peasants, com;,g that way in the afternoon, informed them they cere fourteen lc.gues friom Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and give mo lively ani idea of the audacity of thie Scots, whmo destroyed ells country as it werlrewamt town nearer wis in bravado, a5s that of Lord Berners; iis words are: ".,Sad all tisat day etot ttany accommodation. the Scottis had brent, mnd wasted and pilled ye country about within v myle of tmhe ltglyssmeaoste, but the Inglysshmen moaulde natoveriaksethem * *' they couldle * Herners has "xxiv English miles,' aend D. Sauvage's edition, "vinlgt-hulit li ste nemm apaochle cere to the Sccttis, who went wastynm time countrey before them.'-ED. Anmlescha " —Es. ~22 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. brought to tile king and the principal lords, they directly sent off mes- them on; hut each battalion marched by itself in regular array, over sengers with horses to bring them provision, and they caused a pro- hill and dale, keeping their ranks according to order. Thus they clamnation to be made in the king's name in Newcastle, that whoever continued marching, when about twelve o'clock they came within wished to get money, he had only to bring provision, wine, &c., for sight of the Scots army. which he would be instantly paid, and a safe conduct granted him. As soon as the Scots perceived them, they issued fort, from their They were also informed, that they should not move from their present huts on foot, and formed three good battalions, upon the: descent of quarters, until they had information where the Scots were. The next the mountain on which they lodged. A strong rapid river* ran at day the messengers which the lords had sent for provision returned the foot of this mountain, which was so full of large roclks and stones, about noon with what they had been able to procure for them and that it was dangerous to pass it in haste. If the English had passed their households; but it was not much: and with them came people this river, there was not room between it and the mountain for them of the country, to take their advantage of the situation of the army, to draw up their line of battle. The Scots had formed their two first and brought with them on mules and small horses bread badly baked, battalions of the two sides of the mountain, and on the declivity of in baskets, and poor thin wine, in large barrels, and other kind of the rock, which was not easy to climb to attack them: but they themprovision to sell, with which the armny was tolerably refreshed, and selves were posted so as to annoy them with stones, if' they crossed their discontent appeased. This was the case during the seven days he river; which if the English effected, they would not be able to that they remnained on the banks of this river, among the mountains, return. expecting the return of the Scots, who knew no more of the English When the English lords perceived the disposition of the Scots, they than they did of them. ordered their men to dismount, take off their spurs, and form three Thus they had remained for three days and three nights without battalions as before. Many new knights were made; and, when the bread, wine, candle, oats, or any other forage: and they were after- battalions were formed, some of the chief lords brought the young wards for four days obliged to buy badly baked bread, at the price of king on horseback along the lines, to encourage the men. The king sixpence the loaf, which was not worth more than a penny, and a spoke most graciously to all, and besought them to take every pains gallon of wine for six groats, scarcely worth sixpence. Hunger, to do him honor and preserve their own. He ordered, under pain however, was still felt in the camp, notwithstanding this supply; and of death, that no one should advance before the banners of the marfrequent quarrels happened from their tearing the meat out of each shals, or move without orders. Shortly afterwards, the battalions other's hands. To add to their unpleasant situation, it had rained all were commanded to advance toward the enemy in slow time, keeping the week, by which all their saddles and girths were rotted, and the their ranks. This was done; and each battalion moved on a congreater part of the cavalry were wovrn down. They had not where- siderable space, and came to the ascent of the mountain, where the withal to shoe their horses that wanted it; nor had they anything to Scots were posted. This manceuvre was intended in order to see clothe themselves, or preserve thein firom the rain and cold, but their whether the enemy would retire or make any movemen but neither jerkins or armor, and the green huts: nor had they any wood to burn, one nor other was to be perceived: and the armies were so near each except what was so green and wet as to he of small service. other, that they could see the arms on their shields. The army was Having continued for a whole week, without hearing any tidings ordered to halt to consider what was to be done; and some companof the Scots, who they imagined mutist pass that way, or very near it, ions were mounted to skirmish with the enemy, and to examine the in their return home, great rmurmurs arose in the army: and many passage of the river and their appearance more clearly. They sent laid the fault on those who had given such advice, adding, that it was heralds to make an ofifer of retiring on the morrow, if they wouldpass done in order to betray thIe ting and his host. Upon which, the lords the river, and fight upon the plain; or, if the Scots would not consent of council ordered the army to make ready to march, and cross the to this, that they would do the santme. river seven leagues higher up, where the ford was better; and it was When the Scots received this proposal, the chiefs retired to coun. proclaimed, that every one was to be in readiness to march the next sel, and returned for answer by the heralds, that they would do day, and to follow his banners. There was another proclamation neither the one nor the other; that the king and his barons saw that made, that whoever chose to take pains and find out where the Scots they were in his kingdom, and had burnt and pillaged wherever they were, a-d should bring certain intelligence of it to the Iting, the mes- had passed; and that, if it displeased the king, hlie might come and senger of such news should have one hundred pounds a-year in land, amend it; for they would tarry there as long as it pleased them. aid be made a knigh.t by the king himself. When this was made When the council of the king of England heard the ankswer, he known among the host, many knights and eAquires, to the number ordered it to be proclaimed, that each should take up his quarters of fifteen or sixteen, eager to gain such rewards, passed the river with where he was, without quittimng thle ground or his arams; they there. much danger, ascended the mountains and then separated. each taking fore lay that night very uncomfortably upon the hard ground, among:iflhrent routes. rocks and stones, with their armor on; nor could they get any stalkes The next (lay tihe army dislodged; marched tolerably well, consid. for the purpose of tying their horses, or procure either litter, or forage, aring that they were but ill clothed; and exerted themselves so much, or any bushes to make fires.,hat they repassed the river, though with much danger, from its being The Scots, seeing the English thus take up their quarters, ordered -3wolien by the rains. Many were well washed, and many drowned. part of thle army to remain where the battalions had been drawn up; When they had croased over, tliey remained there for that night, and the renmasinder retired to their huts, where they made marvel. findinmg plnity of forage in thle fields near to a small village, which lously great fires, and, about midnight such, a blasting and noise the Scots Ihad burtt ias they passed. The next day they marched over with their horns, that it seemed as if' all the great devils firom hell hill and dale till about noon, when they came to somne burnt villages, had been come there. Thus were they lodged this night, which was and somine fields where there were corn and hay, so that the host re- the night of the feast of St. Peter, the beginning of August, 1327, mained there for that night. The third day they marched in the same until the next day, when the lords heard mass; afterwards, every one manner; but many were ignorant where they were going, nor had armed himself, and the battalions were formted as on the preceding they any intelligence of the enemy. day. When the Scots saw this, they came and lodged themselves They continued their route the fourtlh day in this order; when, on the same ground they had done before; and the two arimlies about three o'clock, an esquire,* galloping up hastily to the king, remained thus drawn up until noon, when the Scots made no move said, " Sire, I bring you news of the Scots: they are three leagues ment to come toward the English, nor did these on their part make from this place, lodged on a mountain, where they have been this any advances, for they dared not to attempt it. with so greift disweek, waiting for you. They knew no more where you were than advantage. Several companions passed the river on horseback, as you did of them: and you may depend on this as true; for I ap- did. some of the foot, to skirmish with the Scots, who also quitted proached so near to them, that I was taken and led a prisoner to their their battalions to meet them, and many on each side were killed, army, before their chiefs. I informed them where you were, and that wounded, and taklen prisoners, In thie afternoon the lords ordered.ou were seeking them, to give them battle. The lords gave me up every one to retire to their quarters, as it seemed to them that they my ransom, and amy liberty, when I informed them that you had pro- wrere drawn up to no purpose; in this manner they remained for mised one hundred pounds a-year to whoever should first bring intel- three days. The Scots, on their side, never quitted the mountain, ligence of them, upon condition that he rested niot until lie brought you but there were continued skirmishes on both sides, and many killed this information; and I now tell you that you will find them in the and taken prisoners; in the evenings they made lIire fires, and reat place I have mentioned, as eager to meet you in battle as yourself noises with their horns and with shouting. The intention of the can be." As soon as the king heard this news, he ordered his army English lords was to keep the Scots besieged there; for, as they to be prepared, and turned his horses to feed in the fields, near to a could not well fight with them, they hoped to starve them: they moniastery of white monks, Which had been burnt, and which was knew firom the prisoners that they had neither bread, wine, salt, nor called in king Arthur's time Blanche Land. Then the king confessed other provision, except cattle, of which they had plenty, that they himself, and each made his preparations according to his abilities. had seized in the country-of these they might eat, indeed without The king ordered plenty of masses to be said, to housel such as were bread, which would not be very palatable. But they had some little devoutly inclined. He assigned one hundred pounds value of land, flour to make such cates as have been before neretiomed, and which, yearly, to the esquire, according to his promise, and made him a knight some of the English use on their inroads beyond the borders. with his own hands, in the presence of the whole army. When they The fourth day, in the morning, the English looked for the Scots had taken some repose, and breakfasted, the trumpets sounded; and on the mountain, but saw none of then, fbr they found they had all being mounted, the banners advanced as the young knight led decamped secretly at midnight. Scouts of horse and of foot were immediately dispatched through the mountains to know what was * in Rtymer is an order for Thomas de Rokesby to receive half-yearly, at Michaeasmis become of them; they found them about four o'clock posted upon and Easter, ~100 at ts ExeheEqer, until he was provided with.~100 to land for his liti~. Mimned by the king at Lincoln, Sept. 28, 1327.. The Wese. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 23 another mountain, much stronger than that they had left, upon the day they decamped betimes, and took up their quarters still earlier, same river, near a large wood, to be more concealed, and in order at a large monastery within two leagues of Durham. The king la) more privately to advance or retreat at pleasure. there that night, and the army in the fields around it, where they As soon as this was known, the English had orders to dislodge, found plenty of grass, pulse, and corn. They remained there quiet and to march in battle array toward the place where the enemy was the next day; but the king and lords went to see the church of Dur posted; and they encamped on a mountain opposite. They formed ham. The king paid his homage to the church and the bishopric. tleir battalions, and seemed as if they meant to advance to them. which he had not before done, and gave largesses to the citizens. The Scots no sooner perceived this, than they sallied out of their They found there all their carriages and baggage, which they had quarters, and came and posted themselves by the side of the river, left in a wood thirty-two days before, at midnight, as has been related. directly in front; but they were unwilling to advance or come nearer. The inhabitants of Durham finding them there, had brought them The English could not attack them in such a situation without great away at their own cost, and placed them in empty barns. Each cardisadvantage and loss; they remained full eighteen days in this riage had a little flag attached to it, that it might be known. The situation upon this mountain, whence the lords sent frequent heralds lords were much pleased at finding them again. to the Scots, to offer to give them full place of plain ground to draw The king and nobles reposed two days at Durham, and the army up their battalions, or else they would accept the same from them; in its environs, for there would not have been sufficient room to lodge but they would not agree to either of these proposals. them in that city. They had all their horses well shod, and set out The two armies had little comfort during the time they remained on their march toward York. They made such haste, that in three in this position. The first night* that the English'were posted on days they arrived there, and found the queen mother, who received this second mountain, the lord.ames Douglas took with him about the king and nobles with great joy, as did all the ladies of the court two hundred men-at-arms, and at midnight crossed the river, at such and city. The king disbanded the army, and gave permission for a distance from the camp that he was not noticed, and fell upon the every one to return to his home, and made many acknowledgments English army most valiantly, shouting, "Douglas for ever! Ye shall to the earls, barons, and knights, for the services they had rendered die, ye thieves of England!" He and his companions killed more him by their advice and prowess. He kept near his person sir John than three hundred; and he galloped up to the king's tent, and cut de Hainault and his company, who were much feasted by the queen two or three of its cords, crying, at the same time, "Douglas! Douglas and all the ladies. The knights made out their accounts for horses, for ever!" when he set off; and in his retreat, he lost some of his which had been ruined or lost, or had died, and gave them in to the,ollowers, but not many: he returned to his friends on the mountain. council; and also a statement of their own expenses, which sir John Nothing more of the sort was attempted from that time; but the de Hainault took upon him as his own debt toward his followers, Enalish in future kept a strong and attentive guard, for they were for tlhe king and his ministers could not immediately collect such a fearful of another attack from the Scots, and had placed sentinels and sum as their horses amounted to; but he gave them sufficient fol scouts to give notice of the smallest movement of the enemy; the their own expenses, and to carry them back to their own country.5 chief lords also slept in their armor There were frequent skirmishes, They were afterwards all paid within the year the full amount of aid many lives lost on both sides. The twenty-fourth day from the their losses. time they had received intelligence of the enemy, a Scots knight was When the Hainaulters had received their demand for horses, they taken prisoner, who sore against his will gave an account to tile lords purchased small hackneys to ride more at their ease, and sent theih of the state of the enemy. He was so closely examined, that he carriages, sumpter horses, trunks, and servants, on board of two ships owned his lords had given orders that morning for every one to be which the king had provided for them, and which landed them at armed by vespers, and follow the banner of lord James Douglas; Sluys, in Flanders. They took leave of the king, queen, the earls of that it was to be kept secret; but he was not, for a certainty, Kent and Lancaster, and of all the barons, who paid them many acquailgted with their intentions further. Upon this the English lords honors; and the king had them escorted by twelve knights and two held a council; ant they judged, from the information of the Scots hundred men-at-arms, for fear of the archers, of whom they were not knight, that the enemny might perhaps come-in full force at night to well assc;:ed, as they must pass through the bishopric of Lincoln. attack them on both sides at once, and, from their sufferings by Sir olhn and all his company set out, escorted as above, and by easy famine, whichl they could endure no longer, make it a very bloody journeys came to Dover, where they embarked on board vessels ready and doubtful combtat. The English formed into three battalions, and provided for them. The English who had accompanied th&n took posted themselves before their quarters, on three separate spots of their leave and returned to their homes. The Hainaulters arrived at ground; they made large fires, in order to see better, and left their Wissani, where they tarried two days, in order to deck out their horses pages in their quarters to take care of their horses. They remained and the remains of their armor; during which time sir John de Hain. under arms all the night, and each was placed under his own standard ault and some other knights, went on a pilgrimage to our Lady of or banner, Boulogne. They returned together to Hainault, when they separated Toward daybreak two Scots trumpeters fell in with one of the and each went to his own house; but Sir John went to his brother, patrols, who took them, and brought them before the lords o.f the who was at that time at Valenciennes: he was received by him with: council, to whom they said, " My lords, why do you watch here?' great joy, as he was much beloved by him. The lord of Beaumont: You are losing your time; for we swear, by our heads, that the Scots then related to him all the above mentioned history. are on their march home since midnight, and are now four or five leagues off-and they left us behind, that we might give you the information." The English said, that it would be in vain to follow CH A PT E R XI X. them, as they could never overtake them; but, fearing deceit; the IN R AIS TE LADY IIPPA OF AINIT. t, I IC~~~ING EiDWARD MIARRIES THtE LADY PHIlLIP'PA OF HAINAULT. lords ordered the trumpeters to close confinement, and did not alter the position of the battalions until four o'clock. When they saw SImORTLY afterwards, the king, queen, the earl of Kent, his uncle,, that the Scots were really gone, they gave permission for each to earl Henry of Lancaster, the earl of Mortimer, and all the barons whe retire to his quarters, and the lords held a council to consider what were of the council, sent a bishop,t two knights bannerets,t and two was to be done. Some of the English, however, mounted their able clerks, to sir John de Hainault; to beg of him to be the means horses, passed the riveri and went to the mountain which the SCots that the young king, their lord,.should marry; and that the count of had'quitted, and -found more than five hundred large cattle, which Hainault. and Hulland would send over one of his daughters, for he the enemy had killed, as they were too heavy to carry with them, would love her minre dearly on his account, than sny other lady. The and too slow to follow them, and they wished not, to let them fall ouht ithll ifsyr ger Morr a le of Inglnde had t eaed the kyng, fo fought withall if'syr Roger Xlbcrtymner a lorde of Inglande' had not betraied the kyng, for into the hands of the English alive. They found there also more he toke mede and mooney of the scottis, to theintent they myght departe pryuely by nyghte' than three hundred caldrons, made of leather with the hair on the unfomsmte with atl." —E. outside, which were hung on the fires full of water and meat, ready * t Itynertliefe is asicdem fris king Edwmrdto hi itreasurer topaysirJohn deltain* in Ryme ~~~I rheisn'ef'mkigEwro himsresuelfopa irh eaind, ault seven thousand pounds,in pa-rt of' tburteen thousand, the subsidy for himself and for boiling. There were also upward of a thousand spits with meat coalpanions d ute d York, June t; 1327. In fte same yesr, dated July 4,bWidiam d'Irlmand on them, prepared for roasting; and more than ten thousand pairs of ipaoderes'doride amrri ages 52rsirJohn de Hainault and yis companly. This order, &a.. old worn-out shoes, made of undressed leather, which the Scots had is to conitmuee i force unitil the followiyg Michaelmas. There is another order to the. left there. There were found five poor Enrgish pmrisoners, whom the treasurer frommYork, August 20,1R27,to pay sir John de Ilainault os his arrival in Lonn (don, isur thousandl pouimds, oln account of hiis loss in hlorses, and to pawn the jewels in, Scots had bound naked to the trees, and some of them had their legs tme Tose, if t~mre sere nets suficiencylofmoney for tie purpose. A passport, ofthe' broken; they untied themn, and sent them away, and then returned same date, commna;ding none to do any harm, &c. to sirJohn de.Hainault. An order, to the army, just as they were setting out on their march to England, signed by the kins at lEveshoanm Jese 28, 1328, for seven thousand'pounds to sir Jo:,a de flainault, as part of the fofrteon thousand pounds. by orders from the king and council. ailt, a pm cte fe tosad po s. They followed' all that day the bauners of the aarshals, and halted I Di Re-em P'oserthlmmnm1omm bishlp ofLicifield and Coveatry.-AsmmovE. On 0mnights bann-oerbets, trammnslated fiom a manuscript which was in the Lamoignwas at an early hour in a beautiful meadow, where there was plenty of librimy hrt is mow t ilfed: voi. i,. p. 227, tirst part: torage for their horses; and much need was there of it, for they were "mKnights b-nmneret s w ere fbrmerly geistlemen of great power, by landed possessiotf,. so weakened by famine, that they could scarce move.t The nex -md Saais of whom tiey formed rmspaniem in timmes of war: they were railed bnnets from their havingm the right of bearing tbanners. "It was necessary, iur order to obtain time prerogative, to be not only a gentlenman by'. ~ Tis fyrst nyght that time englisshe ost was. thus lodgedi on the second moutaigne, the name and armmms, but also to have fbr vassals gentlemen who would follow their bannero arde William Dugmas toke with hym ahoute ccomen-at-armses, & past time ryver iihrre to tme vam, umder tie rommand of tie hanneret afro the oste, so thmmat he was not parceyued: and sodely he hrisskIe into time englysshe ooste'Duscange cites aim ancient mianuscript ceremonial, which points out the manner ~: about mydnyght, crying, "Duglas i Duggas:! ye shll all dye, tlmeues of tnglsmndte." matking a ktnight barnemret, and the number of men he was to have follow him And he slewe or he seased ccc men, soime in thmeir beddes. and some skin resly, and le "Knights banmerets, according to fatimer Daniel, do not appear in our history before strake his horse with the spass'-es &- cas e to the kImssmis oewne teistc, amiwayes crying P-.Lp Augiumths; thiey continued until tile formation of companies of ordonnanee by Dugla, asid stake a sundre ii or iii cordis of the kysm tent, & co departed. —L. B'as aS. UCharles the Sevemtm'; and from tImat period there were no longer any banners or knight,, tford ]Bers here adds, "The engisshe cronleD asyith that the scottis had been bannerets. 24 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. lord of Beaumont feasted and paid many honors to these messengers i go there. You will not be sparing of expense-and provide your. and commissioners from the English king. He then took them to self' with such company and such things as may be suitable to your Valenciennes, where his brother received them right honorably, and rank-and wherever you pass, yo u will let it be known, that you gave them such sumptuous entertainments as would be tiresome to bear the heart of king Robert of Scotland, which you are carrying relate. When they had told the cause of their mission, the count said beyond seas by hiscommand, since his body cannot go thither." he gave many thanks to the king, queen, and the lords by whose All those present began bewailing bitterly; and when the lord counsel they were sent thither, to do him so much honor; and who James could speak, he said, on such an occasion had sent such able men that he most willingly "Gallant and noble king, I return you a hundred thousand thanks for Complied with their request, if the pope and the holy church of Rome the high honor you do me, and for the valuable and dear treasure with were agreeable to the demand. which you intrust me; and I will most willingly do all that you corn This answer was fully satisfactory to them, and they immediately mand me with the utmost loyalty in my power; never doubt it, how. dispatched two of the knights and the clerks to the pope at Avignon, ever I may feel unworthy of such a high distinction." to entreat his dispensation and consent to this marriage; for without The king replied, " Gallant knight, I thank you-you promise it the pope's dispensation it could not be done, on account of their near me then?" relationship, being in the third degree connected, for their two mothers "Certainly, sir, most willingly," answered the knight. I-He then were cousins-german, being the issue of two brothers. As soon as gave his promise upon his knighthood, they came to Avignon their business was done, for the pope and the The king said. "Thanks be to God! for I shall now die in peace, college gave their consent most benignantly. since I know that the most valiant and accomplished knight of my When these gentlemen were returned to Valenciennes from Avig-'kingdom will perform that for me which I am unable to do for myself.:' non with all their bulls, this marriage was directly settled and con- Soon afterwards the valiant Robert Bruce, king of Scotland, sented to on each side, and immediate preparations were made for departed this life, on the 7th of November, 1337. His heart was the dress and equipage of such a lady, who was to be queen of Eng- embalmed, and his body buried in the monastery of Dunfermline. land. She was then married by virtue of a procuration, which the Shortly after died also the noble earl of Moray, who was one of the king of England had sent thither, and went on board a ship at most gallant and powerful princes in Scotland; he bore for ar'.s, Wissan, and landed at Dov-r with all her suite. Her uncle, sir John argent, three pillows gules.* de Hainault, conducted her to London, where she was crowned; and Early in the spring, the lord James Douglas having made provision there were great crowds of the nobility, and feastings, tournament-, of everything that was proper for his expedition, embarked at the and sumptuous entertainments every day, which lasted for three port of Montrose, and sailed directly for Sluys in Flanders, in order to weeks.* learn if any one were going beyond the sea to Jerusalem, that lihe might After some days sir John took his leave, and set out with his com- join companies. He remained there twelve days, and would not set pany richly loaded with jewels, which had been presented to them his foot on shore, but staid the whole time on board, where hlie kept a from different quarters. But few of our countrynmen remained with magnificent table, with music of trumpets anid drums, as if he had the young queen; among whom was a youth called Wantelet de been the king of Scotland. His company consisted of one knight Manny, to attend on and carve for her, who performed afterwards so banneret, and seven others of the most valiant knights of Scotland, many gallant deeds-of arms, in such various different places, that they without counting the rest of his household. His plate was of gold and are not to be counted. silver, consisting of pots, basins, porringers, cups, bottles, barrels, and other such things. He had lilkewise twenty-six young and gallant ~~~CHAB~PTER XX. ~esquires of the best families in Scotland to wait on him; and all those who came to visit him were handsomely served with two sorts of ROBERT, KING OF SCOTLAND, DIES. wine, and two sorts of spices-I mean those of a certain rank. At AFTER the Scots had in the night quitted the mountain, where the last, after staying at Sinys tvelve days, he heard that Alphonso, king of Spain, was svaging vr agaiist the Saracen king of Granada. He young king Edward and the nobles of England had held them besieged, as you have before heard, they marched twenty o leaues from that considered that if he should go thither he should employ his time and journey according to the late king's wishes; and when he should desert country without halting, and crossed the Tyne pretty near to hourney according to the late kcing's fvishes; and when lie should Carlisle, where by the orders of the chiefs all disbanded; and went to have finished there he would proceed frther to complete that with their own homes. Shortly afterwards some of the lords and barons s which he was charged. He sade sail therefore toward Spain, and I ~~which he was charged. He made sail therefore toward Spain, and earnestly solicited the king of England, that a truce was agreed on ded first at Valecia; thence he ent staight to the king of Spin, between the two kings for three years. of Granada. between the tw kings for thre years. fwho was wyith his~ army on the frontiers, very near the Saracen kcing During this truce, it happened that king Robert of Scotland, who I d eams'had beep. a very valiant knight, waxed old, and was attacked with sotekigo pnisedfrhiotefelstom e sap had been a very valiant knight, waxed old, and ayes attaked u'ith so It happened, soon after the arrival of the lord James Douglas, that sJevere an illness,t~that he saw his end was approaching; h-e therefore pece errteeey h io rnd i h ae severe an illness,tr- that he saw his end was approatchin0; l~t: the king of Spain issued forth into the fields, to make his ap. summoned together all the chiefs and barons, in whom he most con- proaches nearer the enem; the kig of nada did the sme and each king could easily distinguish the other's banners, and they fided, and, after having told theiiu, that he should never get the better and each king could easily distinguish the other's banners, and they both began to set their armies in array. The lord James placed of this sickness, he commanded them, upon their honor and loyalty, to boil be0an to set their armies i array. Tilord James placed keep and preserve falthfully and entire the kingdom for his son David, himselfand his company on one side, to make better work, and a and obey him and crown him king when he was of a proper age, and more poverful effort. When he perceived that the battalions on each to marry him with a lady suitable to his station, side were fully arranged, and that of the king of Spain in motion, He after that called to him the gallant lord James Douglas, and he imagined they were about to beginte onset; and as he always said to him, in presence of the others, My dear friend lord mes wished to be aniong the first rather than last on such occasions, he sogaid tohmi prsnceof thaIhve ohers mu My dear frind lord suffe r ed Douglas, you kno that I have had uch to doad have suffered and all his company stuck their spurs into their horses, until they fwere in the midst of the king of Granada's battalion, and made a many troubles, during the time I have lived, to support the rights of ere in the midst of the ing of Grada's battalion, d made a furious attack on the S'~aracens. I-e thought that he should be sup. my crown; at the tiue that I washmost occupied, I made a vow, the fuius attac on the racens. e thought tht he should sup non-accomplishment of which gives me much uneasiness-I voed ported by the Spaniards; but in this he was mistaken, for not one that, if I could finish my wars in such a manner, that I might have that day followed his expe. The gallant kngt and all his com that payin wr surrowne d bthis enemple.they gallante proighanahies cofn quiet to govern peaceably, I would go and make war against the p os were surrounded by the ene; they perfrmed prodigies of vator; but they were of no avail, as they were all killed. It was a enemies of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the adversaries of the Christ- vlo; but they ere of o vail, as they were all kille. It as a ian faith. To this point my heart has always leaned; but our Lord great misfortune that they vere not assisted by the Spniardsl.t was not willing, and gave me so much to do in my lifetime, and this * Thomnas Randolph, first earl of Moray, was very eminent in the reign of Robert last expedition has lasted so long, followed by this heavy sickness, Bruce, who granted himn the earldom of Moray, together with the seigniory of the Isle that, since my body cannot accomplish wviat my heart wishes, I will of Man, as a fief; and great estates in Scotland, about the year 1315. He was appointed send my heart in the stead of myy body to fulfil my vov. Ard, sas I by tle parliament in 1315 governor ofScotland, in the probable event ofthe minority of the successor, and entered on that offiee oi the death of IRobert. do not know any one knight so gallant or enterprising, or better Lord Itailes says, in his Annals of Scotland, anno 1332: "Randolph, in consesquence formed to complete my intentions than yourself, I beg and entreat of the English preparations, assembled i arn ry, and advanced to Colbranspath, on the of you, dear and special friend, as earnestly as I can, that you would f0ontier of East Lothian ~ but having received intelligence of the naval aniament. lo,have the goodness to undertale this expedition for the hove of me, marcied nortlhards, to provide for the defence of the interior parts of the kisigdon. Amid the excruciating pains of a confirmed stone, hlie ceased not to discharge tihe and to acquit my soul to our Lord and Saviour; for I have that duties of his office with activity and vigilance. HIe expired on t.he march (20th July.) opinion ofyour nobleness and loyalty, that if you undertakte it, it A mman lie was to bie remembered while integrity, prudence, and valor, are hleld in cannot fail of success-and I shall die more contented; but it must esteem ong men. UIbe executed as follows: I have quoted thle above as a more probable reason for 6.~s death than the report of some of the chroniclers, who have said hlie was poisoned by a monk, with the knowledge "I will, that as soon as I shall be dead, you take my heart from of Edward IIt. Lord Hailes has added a note to this passage, vol. ii, p. 146, wshich snay body, and have it vwell emubalmed; you will also take as munich completely disproves it. money from my treasury as will appear to you sufficient to perform t M, ariana says, lib. xv. cap. 21, that the king of Arragon, although joined in alliance with thle king of Castile against the Moors, did not bring his troops to the fieldl. ygour journey, as well as for all those whom you may choose to t~akre oc als Ans Btnd no 3U h ece rop ug w Lert tHaites's Annals of Scotland, anno 1330: "The detached troopi fonghti with'with you in your train; you will then deposit your charge at the Holy equal advantage, and time Moorish cavalry fled. Douglas with his companmions eagerly'Sepulchre of our Lord, where he was buried, since my body cannot pursuedi tIhe Saracens. Taking the casket from his neck, which contained tIme heart of Bruce, he threw it before him and cried, "2e pazo7lss th~ou olbUard asF thouZ wLast rannt, ~ T'he englisshe ronfcic saith~ this marriage and co~ronation of thle qlueen wans done scii ani Z)suglas will f tllow thee, or die!' The fug itives ralied —surrounded and over"Yorlre with moche hosomr ris ssnia ii tie emyn of tle couersion of maynt Paule is ye whemnerthy superior numbers, Dougias fell, while attempting to rescue sir'William St. F ere ofhour Lord mccexxvii. —Loran BRNERS. Cllare, of Roslin, who shared his fate. Robert and Walter Logan, both of therm knights, i.:Lm grosse mraladi —leprosy. were slain with Douglas. His friend, sir Williama Keith, having had his arm broke CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 25 About this time many of the nobles and others, desirous of a settled to fall by succession to a female. They crowned the lord Philip king ptace between the Scots and English, proposed a marriage between of France, at Rheims, the Trinity Sunday following. Immediately the young king of Scotland and the sister of the king of England. he summoned his barons and men-at-arms, and went with a powerThis marriage was concluded and solemnized at Berwick, with great ful army to Cassel, to make war upon the Flemings, especially those feasts and rejoicings on both sides. of Bruges, Ypres, and of the Franc,* who would not willingly obey their lord, the count of Flanders, but rebelled against him, and had driven him out of the country, so that he could reside nowhere but C H~A ~P ~T ER ~X XI. at Ghent, and there miserable enough. King Philip discomfited full twelve thousand Flemings,t who hail PHILIF OF VALOIS CROWNED tING OF FRANCE. for their captain one Colin Dannequin, a bold and courageous man. CHARLES, king of France, son of Philip the Fair, had been thrice The above mentioned Flemings had put the garrison of Cassel under married, and yet died without heirs male. The first of his wives, a the command of the aforesaid towns, and at their charges, to guard daughte-r of the count of Artois, was one of the most beautiful women the frontiers at that place. I will inform you how the Flemings were in the world; however, she kept her marriage vow so ill, and be- defeated and all through their own bad conduct. haved so badly, that she was long confined in prison at Chateau Gaillard, before her husband was king. When the kingdom of France devolved upon him, he was crowned by the twelve peers of CHAPTER XXII. France and all the barons, who were not willing that such a kingdom InTHE BATTLE OF CASSEL, IN FLANDERS. should be deprived of male heirs; they therefore strongly recomnmended his marrying again, with which he complied, and took to wife THosE that were in the garrison at Cassel set out one day, about the daughter of the emperor Henry of Luxemburgh, sister to the gal- vespers, with a design to defeat the king and all his annrmy. They lant king of Bohemia. His first marriage, with the lady in prison, marched very quietly without noise in three divisions; the first of was dissolved by the pope of that day. By this second wife, the lady which advanced straight to the tents of the king, and was near surof Luxemburgh, who was modest and prudent, the king had a son, prising him, as he was seated at supper, as well as his whole housewho died very young, and the mother soon afterwards, at Issoudun, hold. The second went to the tents of the king of Bohemia, and in Berry. The cause of their deaths was much suspected, and many almost found him in the same situation. The third division attacked were inculpated in it, and privily punished. the quarters of the count of Hainault, and nearly surprised him: they The king was afterwards married a third time, to the daughter of pressed him so closely, that he and his people had scarce time to arm his uncle, Lewis, count of Evreux and sister to the king of Navarre. themselves; and the lord of Beaumont, his brother, and his company, She was called queen Joan. She was soon afterwards with child, and were in a similar situation. All the three divisions came so quickly at the same time the king fell sick on his death-bed. When he per- up to the tents, that neither the lords nor soldiers had time to assemceived that he could not recover, he ordered, that, if the child should ble or properly arm themselves, and they would all have been slain, be a son, Philip of Valois, his cousin, should be his guardian, and if it had not been, as it were, a miracle of God: but by his grace, regent of the whole lkingdom, until such time as his son should be of each of these lords defeated their enemies, and so completely, that, age to reign; that, if it should happen to be a girl, then the twelve in the space of an hour, out of twelve thousand Flemings not one peers and great barons were to assemble to take counsel together, escaped. Their captain was also killed. Nor did any of these lords and.o give the kingdomn to him who appeared to them to have tihe receive any intelligence of the other until tihe business was finished. dclearest right. About Easter 1326, the king died; and it was not Of all the Flemings not one turned his back; but they were all long before the queen was brought to bed of a beautiful girl. slaughtered on the spot and lay in three large heaps, one upon the The twelve peers and barons of France assembled at Paris without other. This battle happened in the year of grace 1328, on St. 13Bar. dlelay, and,gave the lingdom, with one consent, to Philip of Valois. tholomew's day. They Dassed by the queen of England, and the king her son, although The French then came to Cassel, and placed there the banners of France, the town having surrendered to the king. Afterwards Pope. ringue, and then Ypres, and all the castlewick of Bargues followed, and received the count Levwis their lord, and swore fidelity and loy_____' alty to him for the time to come. The king soon after set out with _______~ ~his troops toward Paris, where, in the neighborhood, he staid some time. He was much praised and honored for this enterprise, and for ____ _______~ ~the service he had rendered to the count Lewis, his brother. He ____:_'lived in great prosperity and increased the royal power. No king ____ i!of France, it was said had ever kept so royal a state as ting Philip CHAPTER XXIII TIlE EARL OF KENT AND SIR ROGER MORTIMER PUT TO DEATH. THE young king Edward of England was governed for a long time, as you have before seen, by the counsels of his mother, the earl of Kent his uncle, and sir Roger Mortimer; at last a jealousy arose between the earl of Kent and sir Roger, insomuch that sir Roger, with the consent of the queen mother, gave the king to understand that the earl of Kent would shorten his life by poison, if he was not upon his guard, to inherit tihe kingdom as the next heir; for the young brother of the king, called John of Eltham, was lately dead.{ King Lo,'~ Edward believed these tales but too readily, and ordered his uncle, the earl of Kent, to be arrested and publicly beheaded, before any could come to intercede for him. Tie whole country were much PaILe DC VALO~m, Kne OF FRNCE Fi(on an anciemia't picture, engoFranved concerned at it, and bore an ill will to thd lord Mortimer ever after. Not long after, great infamy fell upon' the queen mother-whether she was cousin-german to the kimlg last deceased; for they said, that with just cause or not I am ignorant, but it was commonly said, that the kingdom of France was of such great nobleness, that it ought not she wan with child, and inI this was the lord Mortimer inculpated The lkng was likewise inforrnyid, that the lord Mortimer had been was iletained from the battle. His few surviving companions found his body in tie he author of all the crges respecting the rdl of Kent, and consethe author of all the cliarges resnecting the eamI of' Kemit, amid comisefield, togethier with the casket, aind revereitly conveyed them to Scotlanid. The remiahuss s, of Douglas were interred in tihe sepulchre of his fathers, in tile church of Douglas, and quently was the author of his death, through jealousy; and that the due heart of Iruce was deposited at Melrose. whole country believed him loyal and honest. "tis natural son, Arclhibald Douglas, erected a marble monument to his memory; The kiing then ordered the lord Mortimer to be arrested and brought but his countrymen have more effiectually perpetuated his fame, by bestowing on hini to London,before him and a very great number of barons amd nobles tie name of' the good sir Jtames Douglas.' Fordun reports, that Douglas was tiirteem of the realm. A knight, by the kimg's commimand, recited all the deeds times defebated in battle, and fifty-seven times victorious. "Perhaps my leaders will not dislike to see tihe portrait of Douglas, drawn by Bar- of the lord Mortimer, from a declaration which he held in his hand. 6mr, p. 13. Every one was then asked, by way of counsel, what sentence should And han blsack mimi, 1 am t heard sa~y; be passed. Judgment was soon given; for each had perfect kmnowAnd had bhtck hair, as I heard say; But then, ef limmbs he was well mdae, With bones great, and shouldeer s braid; ",,, Le Framnc, FranConImtis, Terra Franca. It is part of French Flmndelrs, ind was His body mccli mmmade mind emizie, yielded to time French by tmie peace of time Pyrenmees; it comprehenuds the iuihiwicks of As they that saw Imhmi said to me. Boubrm-:, Bme.:i ere, St. tArinoox, mn i Fr'nees, and besides time campitaul towins ofthmese mbmiliWhen lhe svas blyth, 1me was lovely, wicks, those of Dimnkirk amnd Gramvelines." —Dirrimmo maise Gtograrimiqmme, par B:.uDn.qxm Amid meek, and srweet in comnpmany; 1 Lord Dierners mere ammd in time previous chmrsmter susys sixteen thlousamnd; Dr. Sauvage But who in battle might siim see, has twelve thousandl in one place and sixteemn thiousmund iin another. Another countenance Icad he; $ Froissart omistalmes. Joluhn of Eltham lived osore timmim six years after the death ofthe And in his speech lie lispt some demal, earl of Kent. Timree were, tesides his elder bristlier, Thmomiias of' Orotoherton, earl of NorBut that set him right wonder well." foflk livirn as well as the two sisters of tie king, Joan and Eleanor. 2$6 c CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. ledge of the facts, fiom ireport and good information. They replied Derby, his cousin-german, son of Thomas, earl of Lancast~, his to the king's question, that he omight to suffer the same death as sir uncle, surnamed Wryneck, the earl of Salisbury, the earl of Warwick, Hugh Spencer, which sentence had neither delay of execution or the earl of Hereford; and six barons-lord Reginald Cobham, lord mercy. He was immediately drawn upon a hurdle through the city Thomas Wager, the marshal of England, lord Per?, the lord of of London, and placed on a ladder in the midst of the market-place; Manny, lord Mowbray, and more than forty other nobles and knights l when hlie had his private parts cut off, and cast into a fire, because he There were upward of a thousand horse attending on and provided had thought and acted treasonably. His body was then quartered, for by the king. They were two days in passing from Dover to Wis. and sent to the four principal cities in England; his head remained san. Then the king and his company rode to Boulogne, where he in London:. The king, soon after, by the advice of his council, staid one day-it was about mid-August when the king arrived at ordered his mother to be confined in a gondly castle, and gave her Boulogne. + plenty of ladies to wait and attend on her, as well as knights and News being soon carried to king Philip, that the Icing of England esquires of honor. He made her a handsome allowance to keep and was at Boulogne, he directly sent his constable, and a number of maintain the state she had been used to; but forbade that she should knights, to meet him; they found him at Montreuil sur Mer. After ever go out or show herself abroad, except at certain times, when any many congratulations and professions of.eve, the king of England sholws were exhibited in the court of the castle. The queen thus rode on, accompanied by the constable, and he and all his company passed her time there meekly; and the king, her son, visited her twice arrived at Amiens, where king Philip was in all pomp ready to re. or thrice a year. ceive him, attended by the kings of Bohemnia, Majorca, and Navarre, and a number of dukes, counts, barons, and other nobles. The twelve C H A P T E R X X I V. peers of France were also present, as well to do personal honor to the king of England, as to be witnesses when he should perform his RING EDWARD rAYS HOIAGE TO THE KING OF FRANCE FOR TIHE DUCHY homage. OF GUIENNE. The king of England was most magnificently received, and he and AFTER Iking Edward had administered these two great acts of just- his company remained there fifteen days, during which time many In ~~~~~~~~~~~~conferences were held and ordinances framed. ice, tl he took new counsellors, the wisest and best beloved by his confaeences were held and ordinances framed. people. About a year after the coronation of' king Philip of France It pears to me tht in Edward t that time did homage by hen all te barons and tennt of thecrown had one hi mouth and words, but without placing his hands in the hands of the and homage, except the young king Edward, who had neither ap- nd homage, except the young in Edward, who had neither ap- king of rance, or Fany prince, prelate, or deputy doing it for him. peared, nor had even been summoned, the king of France, by the And the ig of England, by the advice of his councilwuld not advice of his council, sent to him the lord of ncenis, the lord of proceed further in this business, until he should be returned to Eng. advice of his council, sent to him the lord Of Ancenis, the lord ofladan vexmidthpriegsoodtmeoceruphs Beausault, and two clerks learned in the laws, and of the parliament lad, and have examined the privileges of old time, to clear p this of Paris, named master Peter of Orleans, and master Peter of Maisiers. omge, and see by what means a ling of England was a vassal to These four left Paris, and travelled on to Wissan, where they ema- thelting of Fiance. barked, passed over, and landed at Dover; there they remained one The ing of France replied, "Cousin, we do not wish to deceive whole day, waiting for the disembarlkation of their horses and baggage. you; what you have hitherto done has been very agreeable to us, and I.:!:, t, ~~,.11 wait untiou; owhatayl. have rethertodned iaent veyoagreeablectonts, and Then they went forward and came to Windsor, where the king and we will wait until you shall have returned into your o country and queen resided. They sent to inform the king of the cause of their seen, from the deeds of your lredecessors, what you ought to do.' ouey; when in Edwrd, to do honor to his cousin the in of The king of England, taking a friendly leave of the king of France, [.Frane,; wekinviEdartoedo thoem to his cousince n rae them king ofch Frne, invited them to his presence, and treted them with much and of the other princes who were present, returned to England. He favor. After they had delivered their message to the king, he replied, joneyed on to Windsor, where the uen received him with much t, ~~~~~pleasure. She made inquiries aefter king Philip her uncle, and after that he had not then his council with him, but he would send for them, Ileasure. She made inquiries after king Philip her uncle, and after and they might iow return to London, where such an answer would her other relations in France. The king, her husband, related to her be given to them as should be sufficient. Upon hearing this, and after all that had passed, and the particulars of his magnificent reception, atl that had passed, and the particulars of his magnificent reception, they had dined, to their great satisfaction, in the Iting's apartment, ad the reat honors that were paid to him in rnce; whi were they set out, and lay that night at Coldbrook: the next day they Such that no other country could pretend to do the like. arrived in London. arrived in Londlon. It was not long before the king of France sent into England the fol. The kinc, did not delay long in following them, but came to his lowing privy councillors: the bishops of Chartres and of Beauvais, the l.ce of Westminster, ind orered his concilto asseib. The lord Louis de Clermont, the duke de Bourbon, the count de IHarcourt, sent for the messengers from France, who, when they had told why the count do Tancarville, and other knights and clerks learned in they were conhe, and had given the letters sent by the king, their lord, they were come, and had given the letters sent by the i, their lornd the laws, to attnd the conference that was to be holden at London withdrew. The king having asked of his council what was to be n the suect above mentioned. The iing of England had exam. ID. ~~~~~~~~~n hed subec wabot mentined. Theins prdcsors Engand dntheioage form done, it was resolved to give an answer according to the ordinances ed in what manner his predecessors ad done their omage for n ~~~~what they held in Acquitaine, of which they were styled dukes. and style of his predecessors, and that the bishop of London should what they held in Acquitine, of which they were styled dues. deliver it, which was done as follow:s: "Gentlemen, who are come Many in England murmured, that their king should do homage to hereby the orders of the king of France, I bid you welcome: we have Philip, who had not so near a right to the crown of France as him. Philf.Nipther th not noner h ish couni was crnowan of Fraceis;how. heard your speech, and read your letters. We inform you, that we lf. Neither the in nor his council was inorant of this; how advise tile king, our lord, to pass over to France to see his cousin, ever, a great parliament and assembly were holden on the subject of hisr oaoe Thea palamenbadassembly werom tholen ofnFrane subemained who so kindly has sent to him; and, moreover, to perform his homage his homage. The embssaors from the in of France remained and loyalty, for in truth he is bounkden to it by his duty. You will tell all the winter, till the month of May following, without being able tobanany dfitive anster. Atilat the kinth of Eayno-llownd, wtotbingae the king, your lord, that our ling and master will shortly be with him, to obin any efinitive answer. t last, the king of England, in anti do all that is proper and right for him to do. conformity to his privileges, in which he put much faith, was advised Anfd ter thet messengrsoapbe enertand and recightfo hmanydo. fter the messengers had been well entertied, and received ny to write letters in the manner of patents, sealed with his great seal, rich presents and jewels from the king, they toolk their leave, and ckoledgin hat ind of homage he wed, and ought to ay to returned to Paris, where they found king Philip, to whom they related the king of France, which letters were in the following terms: "Edward, by the grace of God king of England, lord of Ireland, all that had pkssed. The ing said, he should be very happy to receive "Edward, by the grace of od ing of England, lord of reand his cosin, king Ewar, vom he had never seen. hen this news and dulke of Acquitaine, to all by whom these letters shall be seer was spread over France, dukes, counts, and all the nobility, made ded, greeting. great and rich preparations. The king of France sent letters to Ikino We make known, that when we paid our homage to our excel. Charlcs of Bohemia and the king of Navarre, to inform them of the lent and well-beloved lord and cousin, Philip, king of France, at day that the king of Engand was expected to pear, and to desire Amiens, it was required by him of us, that we should acknowledge they would be present. Accordingly they came in very great magsuch homagie to be liege, and thatt we, in paying hims such homnage, nificence. The kingr of France was advised to receive the king of nifienc. Te kig o Frnce vasadvsed o rceie th ki ofshould promise expressly to be faithful and true to him —which things England in the city of Amiens. There wvre 0reat preparotions made We did not then do, as we were ignorant if they were due, and only to get apartments, houses, and provision for him, and his attendants, paid him. general homage in such terms, as saying, we entered into t)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~pi his:grea homage in tuhe saemnerms as ourdcsaying, the duentre inof as well as for the kings of Bohemia and Navarre, who were provided his homage in te same manner as our predecessors, the dukes of fr y him, and the de of Burundy. The dukes of Bourbon ad Guienne, had in former days entered into homage to the kings of Lorraine, and lord John of Artois, were to be there, with upward of France vho for that time were, and heing since better imforned as trnewo frthat tiewrut, acknoweinge sinche preensthtthe, hnormaed whic three thousand horse; and the king of England's suite was to consist to the truth, clnowldge bythese presets, that the homage, which of six hundred horse. ~of six hu~nudred horse, ~we paid to the king of France in the city of Amiens, by general words, The young king did not forget, in this journey to France, to equip The young kind did not forget, in this journey to France, to equip was, is,' and ought to be considered as liege homage, and that we owe himsf coming his ran: he set out fr Egland, ccopanied by him loyalty and truth, as dulke of Acquitaine, peer of France, earl of himel berisuhops rankh he bshop ofuonont form Engar-ndy, acopnedr by two ishops with the bishop of Lodo; four earls-Henry, arl of Poitou, and Montreuil; and we promise to bear him loyalty and truth. That from henceforward no more disputes may arise, we promise for * This is not correct. liis body, after hanging for two days and two nights by the ourselves and our successors, dukes of Acquitaimie, that the above tl~ng's smensi n!ommaad, tglm~ his favor, waLs granted to thu Friars Miaoms, em Gmay mentioned homage shall be performed in the manner following: Friars, in London, who burid bteim in their church, nows called Christ Church; wienme, "The king of Emgland, as duke of Acquitaine, shall hold his hands mulamy years afierwanrds, it was translated to Wigmnre. —Decua haoln Lord Bemsers says "executions:"' m fitter tm m. Tile deahls of tl-e earl of Rent can scarcely he diaeed an act of justice.'Thse original reads —" ces d:;ax grmansjustices,' * See IRymer, anneo lD, for the names of those who passed over to France with kine whihtl.anst woret is properly rendered executions. EdwLard. D in. Stephen Gravesetid, bishop of London; Dr. John Stratfortl, bishop of Winches- i 1mm Rymer, there is a memorandum that the king embarked at D iss':' "inca: ae ter; Dr. Henry 3unvash, bishop of Lincoln midday, the 2tfth of&May, 13'9. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 27 ~il the hands of the king of France; and the person who shall address king of France sent with them the earl of Eu, his constable, with a ais speech to the king of England as duke of Acquitaine, and who great company of men-at-arms. The earl William of Hainault then shall speak for the king of France, shall say thus: You become thought it time to interfere, and sent the countess, his lady, who was liegemnan to thie king my lord, here present, as duke of Acquitaine, sister to king Philip, and the lord of Beaumont, his brother, to France, and a peer of France; and you promise to bear him faith and loyalty to intercede with the king for a respite and truce between him and -Say Yea: and the king of England, duke of Guienne, as well as the duke of Brabant. The king made many difficulties, but at last all their successors, shall say Yea: and then the king of France shall consented, upon condition that the duke should submit himself to receive the king of England, duke of Guienne, by faith and mouth, whatever he and his council might judge proper for him to do toward saving any other their reciprocal right. the king of France, and toward those lords who had waged war "Moreqver, when the said king and duke shall enter upon his against him. He was also ordered to dismliss the lord Robert from homage to the king of France for the earldoms of Poitou and Mon- his territories within a certain time, which he was forced to perform. treuil, he shall put his hands into the hands of the king of France though much against his will.* for the earldoins of Poitou and Montreuil; and the person who shall speak for the king of France shall address these words to the king CHAPTER XXVI. as earl, and say as follows: You become liegeman to the king myES THE CITY OF ERWIC lord, here present, as earl of Poitou and Montreuil, and you promise to be faithful and loyal to him —Say Yea: and the king, as count of You-have heard related all that passed between the English and Poitou anid Montreuil, shall say Yea: and then the king of France Scotch, during the three years that the truce lasted: and for one year shall receive the said king and earl as liegeman by faith and mouth, more the two nations were at peace. This had not happened before saving any other his right. And in this manner shall all future for two hundred years, during which they had been comntantly at war homages be paid. For this cause we deliver, for us and our succes- with each other. sore, dukes of Guienne, after homages done, letters patent, sealed It fell out that kinpg Edward was informed, that the young king with our great seal, if the king of France shall require it; and with David of Scotland, who had muarried his sister, kept p-ossession of this we promise to keep on our faith the peace and concord most Berwick, which of right belonged to his kingdomn, and which king amicably between the Ikings of France and the above mentioned Edward his ancestor had held, and the king his father also, very peacekings of England, dukes of Guienne."*- ably for a long time afterwards. He was also informed, tht t the king. These letters were carried to France by the aforesaid lords, and dom of Scotland was dependent on his crown as a fief, at.'d that the the king of France ordered them to be preserved in his chancery. young king of Scots, his brother-in-law, had never ackno;-ledged it, or done homage for it. The king of England therefore se it embassadors to the king of Scots, to request, that he would with lraw his C H A P T E R x X v. people from the city of Berwick, and give him possession o' it, as it was his just inheritance, and had always appertained to the \ ings of PROYE-T, COUNT D'ARTOIS, BANISHED FRANCE. England his predecessors. They also summoned him to c -re and Ro3ERnT, count d'Artois, wvas the man above all others who had most do his homage for the kingdom of Scotland, which he ought, hold assisted klng Philip to gain possession of' the crown; he was one from the crown of England as a fief. of tile wisest and greatest barons in France, of the highest birth, being descended from kings. Itis wife was sister-german to Philip, whose special companion and friend he had been in all his fortunes; and for the space of three years he Imanaged everything in France —so that nothiilg was done without his knowledgie. It happened afterwards, that kilng Philip Look a violent hatred against the lord Robeit, I on account of a suit, which was brouglht blefore him, that regarded the county of Artonis; and thie said lord Robert was desirous of obltaininug it by means of a letter that lie produced, and ""'il which, by all accounts, was forged. Had Ite s- oJ i been arrested in the first movelents of the ml:t: ot Tking's anger, he would infallibly hav e luel put to death; he therefore th ught it prudelit.f > acnwlde:'o quit the kingdomw of F ance, aind go to his as ME niephew, earl John, at N rnn The king'cordered his sister, wife of lord Robert, and her two so'is, his nephews, John and Charles, to be arrested and shut up in a close prison, h s out of which he swore they should never cohl me as Iongi as lhe lived; and since that tiiie, though umany spoke in the i behalf, they had not greater liberty, for which he was after- BERWICK UPON TwEU —showing the remains of the old fortifications wards much blamedl behind his back. The king, in his warinith, sent to Raoul, bishop of Liege, begging of himi to chlllenge and make war upon the The king of Scotland took the advice and opinions of his council arlm of Namnmr, if he did not put away the lord Robert from his court. and chief barons, and made this reply to the embassadors Thle bishop, who loved exceedingly the, kiig of France, and little "My lords, I and my barons marvel greatly at the claim you have receected his neighbors, did inimediately as the king desired. The preferred; for we do not find that any of our ancestors acknowledged dlaiE of Nlunur was thereiore advised to send away the lord Robert, the kingdom of Scotland as a fief, or in any ways subject to the crown which lie tlid muc lnainst his iilclinstions. Lorld Rober" tshen weiet of England, either by homage or otherwise: my lord, the king our to his coanin, the duke of Brabant, who received him vith great joy, fatser, of happy memory, would never do honage to any preceding and gave him every comfort. kings of Eigland, whatever wars may have been made oni the subAs soonl as the kis' kenew it, he sent to say, that, if he supported ject-neither have I any intention or inclination to do it. As for the hium, or siuffered bn. to rema.in in his territories, he should not have town of Berwicl, ling Robert, our father, conquered it from the late wors enemy than hiimsli a ind that he would oppress him by Iing of England by open war, and kept possession of it during his evenv mni:s iiA his power. The duke, upon this, seit him very ri- lifetime as his true heritage-I also hope and mean to kieep possesvately to Argentm, until he should 1know in what manner the h ng sion of it, and shall do everything in my power for that end. I shall couldd t le it. The Ikin, wlho hid spies everywhere, was soon request of you, that you would have the goodness to entreat the kIing, leforamied of what had passed in Brasbant; and was so vexed, that he whose sister we have married, that he would allow us to enjoy the sti.nliated by Ioney tilhe king of Bohemia, who was cousin-german same liberties as our ancestors have done, and to kieep what our father to the dukie, tle hishop of Licge, the arcchbishop of Cologne, the won and held peaceably all his life; and that he would not listen to dtie,f tuilitres, th mlanquis huliers, the earl of Bar, the lords of any evil counsellors; for, if any other prince should wish to do us [.so:;rd Fis vqueim1qont, and anrey other lords, wihio were soon allied wrong, he ought to aid and defend us, froul the love he must bear to bgitnoer c:-ain:-t the duke, wxhom thiey challenged, and entered his his sister, our queen."'err'it.l.riAes:.mtr E:baing'. They advanccd as fhr as Hannut, and bhunnt The embassadors replied, "Sir, we have well heard your answer, c* For fiurther particulars respecting Robert d'Arteis, his crimes, trial, &c. see the 8th *t -Se t s esr~py of t~he oriS illan 10thumi tes of tle iomae and rhe wiMlasses tis 1, ai and 10th volumei of the Mdmoires de i'Acaddmie des Inscriptions, &e., where there are B{y~nerc, nne!5 s. Also another, of wnmch this in Froissirt seems a copy, signed at three interestinmg memoirs eoncemning him by iM. Lancelot, very difibrent fromithisas eeuot Biuliaiii nla meh 3i 1131. of Froissart, or rather of John le Bel. They are too long to be inserted as notes a @ CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRA NCE, SPAIN, &c. and will report it to the king, our lord, in the manner you have told He then made a handsome retreat toward Berwick, and in his way it to us." They then took their leave, and returned to their king, to he took the castle of Dalkieth, which was the patrimony of the earl whom this answer was not very agreeable. He summoned to a par- of Douglas, situate just five miles from Edinburgh; he appointed a liament, to be holden at London, barons, knights, and councillors, governor, with a good garrison. By short marches he came before from the chief towns in the kingdom, to have their advice in the pres- the good town of Berwick, which is situate at the end of Northum. ant state of affiirs. berland, at the entrance into Scotland. The king surrounded it on During the term of parliament, the lord Robert of Artois arrivedin every side, and said he would never quit the spot until he had reducedc England disguised as a merchant. The king received him very kindly, it, or the king of Scotland came to force him to raise the siege at appointed him one of his councillors, and assigned to him the earl- the head of his army. It was well supplied with provision, and had dom of Richmond, which had belonged to his ancestors*. a good garrison of men-at-arms from the king of Scotland, and, When the day of the meeting of parliament came, and the chiefs besides, was partly surrounded by an arm of the sea. Therewere of the country were assembled in London, the king ordered what he assaults and skirmishes every day before the walls of thile town, for had written to the king of Scotland to be read, and the answer to it those of the garrison refused to surrender themselves unconditionally, from that king. He then desired they would give him such advice expecting succor to arrive, in which however they were disappointed. that the dignity of his crown might be preserved. After they had True it is that some Scottish knights formed an expedition to attack consulted together, it appeared t them, that the king could no longer the English camp in the evenings, or before daybreak; but they with honor endure the wrongs which the king of Scots did to him; made little impression, for the English army was so much upon its and they offered him such advice, that he immediately gave orders for guard, that the Scots could not make any attack with effect, or with. every preparation to be made, not only to enable him to regain the out loss of men. good town of Berwick, but to penetrate into Scotland with so power- When those who were within the town saw that they had not any ful an army, that the king of Scotland should think himself happy, if hopes of assistance, that their provision began to fail, and thate they permitted to do his homage, and make satisfaction. They added, were so closely besieged by sea and land that nothing could enter, that they were willing and desirous to accompany him in this expe. they began to treat with the king; who was prayed to grant them a dition. The king gave them many thanks for their willingness to truce for one month upon condition that if, within that time, neithem assist him, and begged of them to be ready, and properly prepared, lking David, their lord, nor any one from him, should come with a according to their different ranks, to meet him at Newcastle-upon- sufficient force to raise the siege, they should surrender up the town, Tyne by a day fixed. Each returned to his home to make prepare- upon having their lives and fortunes spared, and the soldiers liberty tions. The king was not idle; and sent other embassadors to the to return whither they would into their own country, without loss oi king of Scotland, his brother-in-law, to give him public notice, and, hinchdrance. This treaty, however, was not immediately concluded1 if he had not altered his mind, to bid him defiance. for the king was desirous of avoiding any conditions, to punish those The day fixed on drew near; king Edward and all his host came who had held out so obstinately against him: at last lie was persuaded to Newecastle-upon-Tyne, and waited there three days for the rear to it, by the advice of his council, and particularly of the lord Robert iand followers of his army. The fourth day he advanced with his d'Artois, who took a great deal of pains to bring it about. IHe had whole army toward Scotland, and passed over the lands of the lords accompanied the king in this expedition; and being always near hiis Percy and Neville, who are two great barons in Northumberland, person, had often told him, from the opinions of several lawyers, that and marched forward to meet the Scots. Lord Roos, lord Mowbray, the crown of France belonged to him by right of blood, as hlie was the and lord Lisle did the same. The king with his army drew toward immediate heir, by his mother, to the last king. The lord Roberl the town of Berwick; for the king of Scotland had not sent any was anxious for the king's leaving Scotland, in hopes that he would other answer by the second embassadors than he had by the first; carry his arms into France. By these and such like speeches the therefore he had been publicly summoned and defied. The king Iking was induced to consent to the ratification of the treaty ot advanced with his army, and entered Scotland. He was advised Berwick. not to stop at Berwick, but to march forward and burn the country, The Berwickers made the king of Scotland and his council acs as his grandfather had done before; hlie therefore marched and de- quainted with their distressful situation, who, after much consideration, stroyed in this excursion all the plain country, and ruined many towns could not find any means to send them succors or assistance: the that were inclosed with dikes and palisades. He took the strong town of Berwick was therefore surrendered to the kiing at the end of castle of Edinburbh, and placed his own garrison therein. He passed the month, as well as the castle, vwhich was very handsome and stroag, the second -river in Scotland below Dunfermllne; and his people and stood without the town. The marshals of the army took posses. overran the whole country as far as Scone, and destroyed the good sion of them both, in the name of the king. The citizens then canime town of Dunfermline, but touched not the abbey, for the king had out to swear homage and fidelity to king Edward, and to ackinowledge strictly forbidden it. They conquered the country as far as Dundee, that they held the towm from himn. The king made Iis public entry and took Dunbarton, a very strong castle on the borders of the igh- ito Berwik with great ponp amd soumdimg of trumpets, and tarried Z-1~~~~~~~it H e w c igh- getpmansodin g o t r m e s a ntrid lands, whither the king, and the queen his consort, had retired.t No there twelve days. He appointed as governor thereof a knight, called one dared to oppose the English; for the Scots had all retreated to sir Edxard Baiol, with whom he left, wlen he quitted Berxick, the forests of Jedworth, which are impenetrable, except to those well many young knights and esquires, to assist hinm in ikeeping the con acquainted with the country. They had carried all their moveables quests hie had made from the Scots, and to guard the frontiers. The with them, and placed them in safety, and held not what was left king and all his people then returned toward London, and hlie gave behind of any account. It was not to be wondered that the Scots full liberty for every man to go to his own home. He hinmself wvent were thus dismayed; their king was but about fifteen years old; the to Windsor, where he chiefly resided, and the lord Robert acconiearl of Moray was still younger; and a youth, named William Doug- pamied him, who never ceased, day or night, froti teling hinb how has, nephew of him who vas killed in Spaim, was of a sinilar age; just his right was to the crown of France; to which the kiing upned so that Scotland was destitute of good captains. a willing ear, and thought of it with much satisfaction. When the dting of England had run over and scoured the plains of Thus ended the kiing's expedition against the kin of Scots He 1:~~~~~~~~~~~hseddte igsepdto ageaist thigof Scts. Scotland, and had remained there for three months, not seeing any destroyed the greatest part of the country, and took mnmv moie forts destrye th graetprofhcury, n too m nye m oefirt come to oppose himn, he garrisoned many castles which he had talen, ham his people had achieved, from the Scots fir a lo ie He thace n themsera abole hand ahexped rom knihcts andr long tiars;a. Hen anmid thought by their means to make war upon all that remained, pl.ced in them severl ale ad expert ghs ad eres a g place~~~~~~~~-d in Wathe eera Mabne an exer ngho andsqirs;ar whom were sir William Moatacute and sir Walter Jian-y, w leo masie many severe skirmishes and attacks upon the Scots, anid accoridimg to This seems to be a considerable mistake; for the earldom of Richbmond, according cuso e always victorious. In order ie ettr t ece to I)ugdlale, had been in the family of the dukes of Brittany a long time. "In the Ist of Edward IIt., John, duke of Brittany, obtained leave to grant the earl- entrance amd retreat from Scotlamd, and tu harass the ciumtrv, ir dom of Richlmond, with tihe castle, and likewise the castle of Bowes, unto Arthur, his Williaim Montiacute fortified the tower of Roxbhirg-h, upon tle Iorccrn brother ind heir. On thie deathi of his Johlin, John de Dreux, son of Arthur, did homage of Scotland, and miade it a strong castle, able to resist any attack. lie for this earnldtom of Richmond. Hie died thie 16tim of May, in the 15th of Edward IM. gaimed so much favor by Iis enterprises, that tme kIinm cm citu hmii Johin, dnke of Brittany, andI earl ofMonfort, soon after this event did his homage for it. earl of Slisbury, ad married o a oble ad inore y 55~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~er com aisuyantarined hinhi aloa knsoglied adhnrbel It continued in this family until elohn, surnamed tihe Valiant, united himself to tihe king The lord of Mal ny xasrio was rutso thms exaehtiouioa xlas ofFrance, contrary to his allegiance, and forfeited it in the second year of Ricalso, who was knighted on this expeition, wa -DvUoGAm's BIRONAC.:, vol. i. p. 46. nominated a privy councillor, and highly advanced at oourt. True I "Edward appears to have been at Belford on his march northward, 7th May:Fo- it is, that the Scots did greatly disturb the English; they kiept themdera, tom. iv. p. 557. So thant it is probable, that, in a day or two after, he canme to Ber- selves i e ild parts of Scotlad, amg m hes aid foests, cre r a l e ~~selves in the wild parts of Scotland, among' marshes and forests, wh-ere wick. Froissart relates, that Edwmard, leaving Baliol with his forces before Bervick, no one could folhow them, amd harassed the English so constiadv, invaded Scotannd, wasted tile country, penetrated as fitr north as DundIee, and from thence manrched acrrss the island to tim neighborhood of Diunbarton; that hie took tihe that there were skirmishes almost every day; in one of which the castiles of' ELdinlburg h and I)alkeith, and placedl garrisons in them; and that, after havimig earl of Salisbury lost an eye, by his too great boldness. Iin the samcme employesd six months in this expedition, he returned to the siege of Berwick. Tihis story forests where the Scots now hid themselves, the gllannt kiing mRbRert has been trmnscribed Iy livers Ihistorinns, who could not distinguish when Froissart vas had boom forced so tools refuge, whet kiing Edwmd, em andsittier to well intfrmed, and wvien not. "Froissmmrt tins plnced in 13"t, events which, as to many particulars, occurred after- thm present king, overram amd conquered the Scottish me su tid wards. This coiurise of siz isumonth s is an impossibility; for Edwlarl did not coemme to tie many times was he so hard driven, that he coumd finmd none in hbit siege of'emwick Imefore May, and the pince surrenderedt on time 20th ofiJuiy. Besides, it kingdom who dared to lodge him, or give him succor fromi any castle appears fiorm the Fondermi. tom. iv. pp. 558, 56m, that Edtwmrdt wmis in the neighboniod of or fcrsress, through fear of this hnimg Edward. Benwick, May 27th antd 30tih, time 2nd, 4thm. 5th 5th, 8th, 26th June, and the 2nd. 6th, and Thme gallamm Robert, after the hcnmig had returmed so Etsgbnd, cruhect. 15th of Jmlym smn thmt tie never could have bemi tiree ivethrs mbmemm, ant iieed, it im not ed w pemupbe sogethor where he could find then, and ircmsnqterec hisn probable thamt he wavs ever namsent, fi'rnm the siege. An invasion ef'Scotlanmd am tint thimes oepid have served op murpose of coinquest, anim, by dividing the army, might hove had castles, fortresses, tmind cities, even as far as Berwick; some by fmince mta,'fotedv~sciniee'.;'- -Lo rm IBtmL.s's AssNN14m. of arms, others bsy fair speeches, and through affection When king CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c, 29 Edward heard of this he was sorely vexed, and summoned his host, He sent embassadors to the king of Hungary, who was a right and never ceased until he had discomfited the Scots, and reconquered valiant man, to request that he would make himself ready, and open the kingdom. Thus it happened between these two kings: and I his country to the pilgrims of God. The king of Hungary consented have heard it related, that king Robert recovered his kingdom five to it, and very willingly returned him answer that he was prepared. different times. In such manner did these two kings, who were In the same manner the king sent information of it to the king of looaed upon as the two most gallant knights of their time, bear them- Cyprus, Hugh de Lusignan, and to the king of Sicily, who made to selves, until the death of king Edward, at Burgh on the Sands. ihis end the necessary preparations. The king sent also to the When he perceived he could not recover, he called to him his Venetians, to beg that their frontiers might be opened, and sufficient eldest son, who was afterwards king, and made him swear, in guards and provisions collected, which they complied with, as did presence of all his barons, by the Saints, that, as soon as he should the Genoese, and all that coast. He dispatched the great prior of be dead, he would have his body boiled in a large caldron until the France into the island of Rhodes to make preparations there; and flesh should be separated from the bones; that he would have the the knights of St. John made an agreement with the Venetians for flesh buried and the bones preserved; and that every time the Scots them to victual the island of Candia, which was under their dependshould rebel against him, hlie would summon his people, and carry ence. In short, there were proper provisions made everywhere to with him the bones of his father: for he believed most firmly, that receive the pilgrims of God; and upward of three hundred thousand as long as his bones should be carried against the Scots, those Scots persons put on the cross, to undertake this holy voyage beyond sea. would never be victorious. His son, however, did not fulfil what he had sworn; but had his father carried to London and buried —for which much evil befell him, as you have before heard. CHAPTER XXVIII. KING EDWARD IS ADVISED BY HIS COUNCIL TO MAKE WAR AGAINST ~~~~~~~CHAPTER XXVII. KING rHILIF OF FRANCE. C H A P T E X X VII. AT the time when nothing but this croisade was talked of, the lord KG III OF RANCE AD SEVERAL OTER NIGTS UT ON THE CROSS. Robert d'Artois was in England, very near the king's person, whom ABOUT this time king Philip of France quitted Paris, accompanied he was continually advising to make war upon the king of France by the king of Bohemia, the king of Navarre, and a numerous com- for wrongfully withholding his inheritance. The king held many pany of dukes, earls, and other lords-for he kept a sumptuous table, councils upon this subject, and consulted with his most special and and at a great expense-to visit his kingdom. After passing through privy councillors by what means he could maintain his right, for he Burgundy, he came to Avignon, where he was most honorably would gladly amend himself if he knew how. The question was received by pope Ben6dict, and by all the college of cardinals, who argued, supposing he should demand his right, and it was refused, as treated him as magnificently as they could. He remained some time it was probable it would be, and he afterwards to sit quiet and not with the holy father and the cardinals, and was lodged at Villeneuve, support his claim, he would be more blamed than if he had never out of the town. The king of Arragon came also at this time to moved in it. He saw clearly that it was impossible for him, and all the court of Rome, to witness these entertainments. There were the force he could bring from his own country, to subdue such a great feasts and solemnities at their meeting, and they all remained great kingdom as that of France, if he did not obtain powerful friends there the whole of Lent. and assistance in the empire, and in cather parts, by means of his While they were there, certain intelligence came to the court of money; he therefore frequently demanded of his privy council what Rome, that the enemies of God were marching in great force against opinion they had on this subject. the Holy Land, and had reconquered almost the whole kingdom of They at length gave this as their unanimous answer: " Dear sir, Rasse,5 and taken the king, who had been baptised, and put him to the question is of such importance, that we dare not advise you the most cruel death. The infidels also threatened the holy church definitively upon it, but recommend to you, dear sir, to send embasand all Christendom. The holy father preached, on the sacred festi- sadors sufficiently instructed to the gallant earl of Hainault, whose val of Good Friday, before these two kings, on the sufferings of our daughter you have married, and to lord John, his brother, who has Saviour, and exhorted them greatly to put on the cross against these before so valiantly assisted you, to entreat their lordships to advise Saracens. The king of France was so much affected, that he took you how to act, for in such a matter they are better informed than the cross, and entreated the pope to grant him his consent, which hlie we can be: if they agree with you in opinion, they will give you did, and confirmed it by giving him absolution for all sins and faults, counsel who are the lords most able to assist you, and also point out if confessed and truly repented of, and the same to all those who the most proper means of gaining them to your interest." The king should accompany him in this holy expedition. The kings of Bo- agreed to this proposal, and entreated the bishop of Lincoln to underhernia and Navarre, and the king of Arragon, put on the cross, as take this journey through affection to him, and desired two knights well as a number of dukes, barons, and other nobles, who were there: bannerets, and two counsellors learned in the law, to accompany him the cardinals of Naples, of Perigord, of Ostia, and the cardinal Blanc, on the embassy. They set out as soon as they could, embarked and adopted it also. The croisade was preached and published over the landed at Dunkirk; whence they rode through Flanders to Valenci. world, which gave much pleasure to many, especially to those who ennes, where they found William, earl of Haiinault, so sorely afflicted wished to spend their tnime in feats of arms, and who at that time did with the gout and gravel that he could not move. The lord John, not kinow where otherwise to employ themselves. his brother, was there also, by whom they were much feasted: and After the king of France and the lords above named had passed a to them they explained the object of their mission. Upon which the considerable time with the pope, and had settled and managed the gallant earl said: " I vow to God, if the king can succeed in this, I business, they took their leave and departed. The king of Arragon shall be much rejoiced; for as you may easily inmagine, I feel mniore returned into his own country. The king of France and his com- interested for him who has married my daughter than for king Philip, pamiy went to Montpelier, where they reimained a long time. During who has never done anything for me although I am married to his his stay there king Philip completed the peace which was in agita- sister. He also prevented, clandestinely, the mniarriage of the young tion between the kings of Arragon and Majorca. After having duke of Brabant with my dauglter; on which account I will not fail finished this, lie set out on his return toward Paris, by short day's nay dearly beloved son, the king of England, in any respect, if his journeys, and at much expense, visiting his towns and castles, of council should advise the undertaking of it. I will also give him which he had great numbers. He passed through the provinces of every aid, as will John, my brother, now present, who has before Auvergne, Berry, Beauce, amd Gatinois, and came to Paris, where assisted him. But know, that you must seek fur other supporters he was received with mnuch joy. more powerfiul than we are, for Hainault is too small a territory to The lkingdom of France was at that time powerful, rich, and com- measure itself with the kingdom of France, and England lies too far pact, the inhabitants at their ease, and wealthy, and no tallk of war. off to be of help to it." This croisade, which the noble king of France had undertaken to "Certainly, sir, you have given us very excellent advice, and testilead beyond sea, and of which he had declared himself the chief, fled great love and good will, for which, in the name of our lord and was followed ly mainy lords, and by some of them through devotion. king, I return yoi my thanks," replied the bishop of Lincoln; " but, Kip.7 Philip made the greatest and most magniiificent preparations dear sir, tell us the names of those lords that you think can best help that were ever seen to piss the seas; those of' tIhe time of Godfrey our master, that we may report themn to him." of Boulogne, or any others, were not to be compared to them. ie " Upon my soul," replied the earl, "I canndt think of any lords, had engaged and placed irn the different ports of Marseilles, Aigues.. that can so powerfuilly assist him as the duke of Brabant, his cousinimortes, amid N;airbonne, andi in the neighborhood of Montpelier, such gernman, the bishop of Liege, the duke of Gueldres, who married his a qantity of shiips, carrmacks, galleys, and barges, as ramight tramsport sister, the archbishop of Cologne, the marquis of Juliers, sir Arnioldt forty thousarnd men-at-arms and their stores. Hle laid in a large de Bacqueghen, and the lord of Fauquemont: these are the fords stmcok of biscmit, wines, fresh water, silt imeat, and all other provis. that can, in a short time, fhurnish greater nimbers of men.at. ar ms ions, in suilch plenty, that there might be sufficient, even if thev than any I know; they are very warlike themiselves, and, if they remiained there three years. choose, cati easily muaike up ten thoustand mem comapletely alrmeal and cmhequipped; but yom must give them money beforehand, for they are ~ ~eeray, if mamt ItmiSeie, I sciti, whmiehl is ma mmimmlutry iin TIrrkey im Eurome. It is mim muon who ova to gim wealth. If by vnmur means the kiing, nmy Suii. mmrmrnmern part ofm Servi, mnla takes its maine frIamain thie river mwimmehh emmties mt.el9e ile time in it loul hum c could ally limaasehf withu the lords whim I hmive Mermaiw. Its prmincipatl towsarna" are letirmtmae, Semmemmrlrtme, armNm ahitmmmzeimamim. eTmmils lo,termy p iaid tiarmnerly kimmns 1t its iiwn. Amuimrmmma. I)me. (Gemn. tmaruse alst~ be mistaken tin' just mention ed, and were o~ this!,;t;e of the sea, he imemghla pass the Ltaua. in Ammemnmam whiere Cmasmmnms kiame ofm'lmmrsms. mmmmli sevem trImuia.and Christians, river ()ise to seek kminm Philip, antri ofer him battle.",ere miammi br the sagans mbaua tins aenod. —tBaNi:se. mm 56. The embasaadots returned to Lomonome with time answer they hbu 30 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. received, which, when king Edward heard it, gave himn much pleasure had ordered those who were in his confidence to remark whenever and comfort. News of what was going forward was soon carried to he should make a particular sign on meeting ally person, and to France, and by degrees magnified, so that king Philip grew very murder him directly without fail, or waiting further orders, of what. indifferent to this croisade which had been preached, and of which lie ever rank he might be. This happened very frequently; so thai had undertaken to be the chief. He countermanded his officers many principal men were killed; and he was so dreaded, that no (who were making very great preparations,) and gave them directions one dared to speak against his actions, or scarce to contradict him, not to proceed further, until he should see upon what footing the king but all were forced to entertain him handsomely. of England meant to act, as he was incessantly employed in assem- When his companions before mentioned had conducted him to his bling men-at-arms. hotel, each went home to his dinner, and immediately after returnled The king of England ordered ten knights bannerets, and forty to the street before his house, where they remained making a inoise knights bachelors, in company with the bishop of Lincoln, who was and' brawling, until he pleased to come out and go round the town, a right valiant man, to cross the sea, and to go straight to Valenci- to pass his time and amuse himself; and thus was he escorted until ennes, to treat with those lords of the empire, whom the earl of Hain- he chose to go to supper. Each of these soldiers had four Fleniish ault had named, and to act as he and his brother John might advise. groats a day, as wages, and for his expenses, which he had paid to When they were arrived at Valenciennes, all were emulous of the him very regularly every week. He had also in every town and state they should hold, and spared no expenses; for if the king of castlewick, through Flanders, sergeants and soldiers in his pay, to England had been there in person, they could not have done more, execute his orders, and serve him as spies, to find out if any were by which they gained great renown and reputation. There were inclined to rebel against him, and to give him information. The among them many young knights bachelors, who had one of their instant he knew of any such being in a town, he was banished or eyes covered with a piece of cloth so that they could not see with it. It was said they had made a vow to sonre ladies in their country, that they would neve. use but one eye until they had personally perf:rmed some deeds of arms in France;. nor would they make any reply to whatever questions were askled them; so that all marvelled at. their strange demeanor. After they had been sufficiently feasted and honored at Valenciennes, the bishop of Lincoln and the greater number of them drew toward the duke of Brabant, by the advice of the earl of Hainault. The duke treated them magnificently, and agreed afterwards to promise his support and assistance to the king of England, to whom he was cousin-german, with' all the means in his power, and to allow him to eater and quit his territories, armed or disarmed, as often as he pleased. He had also promised, uie byv the advice of his council, and for a round sum of florins, that if the king of England, his. cousin, would defy the king of France, and enter his territories with a sufficient force, and could obtain the aid of the lords before mentioned, he would defy him also, and join him with a thou-. i m. sand armed men.... The embassadors then returned to Valenciennes: by their negotiations and gold, they prevailed upon the duke of Gueldres, brotherin-law to king Edward, the marquis of Juliers for himself, and for killed without delay, and none were so great as to be exempled, lfo the archbishop of Cologne, and his brother Waleran, and the lord of so early did he take such measures to guard himself. At the same Fauquemont, to come to Valenciennes, to treat with them before the time he banished all the most powerful knights and esquires from earl of Hainault, who was unable to ride on horseback; and before Flanders, and such citizens from the principal towns as he thought his brother John. They managed matters so well, by a plentiful were in the least favorable to the earl; seized one half of their rents, distribution of florins among the principals and others, that they giving the other moiety for the dower of their wives and support of agreed to defy the king of France, and to go with the king of Eng- their children. Those that were banished, of which the number vras land whenever aipd wherever he pleased, and that each would serve very considerable, resided for the most part at St. Omer, and were him with a certain number of men-at-arms with helmets surmounted called les eaolez. To speak the truth, there never was in Flanders, with crests. Now is the time come when we must speak of lances, or in any other country, count, duke, or prince, who had sucih perfect swords, and coats of mail; and I inform you, that the above command as Jacob Von Artaveld. He collected the rents, the duties named lords promised the embassadors from England, that they would on wines, and other taxes belonging to the earl, though they were ally themselves with the lords on the other side of the Rhine, who the earl's lawful revenue, in whatever part of the country of Flanders had the power to bring a large number of men-at-arms, but they he might reside; he raised also extraordinary subsidies, which he must first be furnished with the means to fix them. These lords spent and gave away, without rendering account to any one. When from Germany then took their leave, and departed to their own coun- he said he was in want of money, he was immediately believedtry; the English lords remained some little time longer with the earl and well it was for them who did believe him-for it was perilous to of Hainault. They sent many messages to Raoul, bishop of Liege, contradict him; and if he wished to borrow money of any of the and would most willingly have drawn him over to their own party; citizens, there was no one who dared to refuse him. but he would do nothing against the king of France, whose liegeman The embassadors from England, and who kept such honorable ne was, and to whom heo had sworn fealty. The king of Bohemia state at Valenciennes, as you have before heard, thought among was not sent to, because they knew he was so connected with the themselves, that it would give their king great comfort and assistking of France, by the marriage of John, duke of Normandy, with ance in what he was anxious to undertake, if they could get the aid the lady Bona, daughter of that king, that he would never act against of the Flemings, who at that time were ill with the king of France, him and with the earl their lord. They consulted the earl of Hainault on the subject; who told them, that, in truth, it would be the greatest support they could get; but he did not see how it could be oh. CHAP T ER XXIX. tained, unless they previously could win the friendship of Jacob Von JACOB VON ARThAVELD GOVERNS ALL FLANDERS. Artaveld. They replied, that they would directly do all in their power to obtain it, and soon after set out from Valenciennes for DuRING these times of which I am speaking, there were great dis- Flanders, by three or four different roads. One party of them went mensions between the earl of Flanders and the Flemings; for they to ruges, another to Ypres; but the largest went to Ghent, where would not obey him; nor could he venture to remain in Flanders in withoult great danger tou himself, they spent such sums, that gold and silver seemed to fly out of their There was in Ghent a man that had formerly been a brewer of laands. T hey shom al pomsd lare tosome, gaining their ends. The bishop of Lincoln, however, and his tomdonelar according to his will. He ommanded inj hall Felainder as, f panions, acted their part so well in Ghent, that, by fine speeches and one end to the other, with such authority, that no one dared to con- ote rwis the cired th f s ofa Vn Artaved an he was attended by three or four-score armed men on fyot, among rhen, where lie was love d lye lord heComir. whom were two or three that were in his secrets; if he met any -C ei o,~n whom he hated or suspected, he was instantly killed; for he motil, styled the lord of COurtesy.' —CatTE, VOl.. p. 429 C tIRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAiN, &c. 31 knight and warlike man in all Flanders, who had served his lords sidered, that as the wind and tide were in their favor, in the name of right valiantly. This lord having kept company with the English God and St. George they would run close up to it. They ordered lords, and much honored themrn (and every loyal knight should honor the trumpets to sound, and each made himself quickly ready; they strangers,) he was criminally accused to the king of France for these ranged their vessels, and placing the archers on the prows, made full distinctions he had paid the English, who instantly sent an order ta sail fbr the town. The sentinels and guards at Cadsant had plainly the earl of Flanders, commanding him by some means or other to perceived the approach of this large fleet, and taking it for granted gut hold of this knight, and to cut off his head. The earl, who dared thak it must be English, had already armed and placed themselvee not refuse obedience to this command, managed so that Courtisien, upon the dykes and the sands, with their banners in their proper posi. coming to the place which hlie had appointed, was immediately arrested tion before them. They had also created a number oi knights upon and beheaded. This caused infinite grief to many, for he was much the occasion, as many as sixteen; their numbers might be about five beloved by the gentry of the country, and it created much ill will thousand, taking all together, very valiant knights and bachelors, as against the earl. The English lords were so active in Flanders, that they proved by their deeds. Among them were sir Guy of'Flanders, Jacob Von Artaveld assembled several times the chiefs of the princi- a good knight, but a bastard,? who was very anxious that all in his pal cities to conferwith them on the business they were come about, train should do their duty; sir Dutres de Halluyn, sir John de Rhodes, as well as on the franchises and friendship which. the king of Eng- sir Giles de l'Estrief, sir Simon and sir John de Bouquedent, who Land offered to them. The matter being fully discussed, was brought were then knighted, and Peter d'Aglemoustier, with many other to this conclusion; the chiefs of the principal towns gave their con- bachelors and esquires, valiant men-at-arms. There was no parley sent that the king of England and his army might pass through Flan- between them, for the English ivere as eager to'attack as the Flem ders whenever he pleased; but as they were so much oblged to the ings were to defend thenmselves. The archers were ordered to draw king of France, they could not annoy him, or enter his kingdom, their bows stiff and strong, and to set up their shouts; upon which without suffering too heavy a penalty in a large sum of florins, and those that guarded the haven were forced to retire, whether they entreated the embassadors to be satisfied with this answer for the would or not, for this first discharge did much nischief, and many present. They returned to Valenciennes much pleased with what were maimed and hurt. The English barons and knights then they had done. They frequently informed the king, their master, landed, and with battle-axes, swords, and lances combated their enehow things were going; and he sent them large sums of money, as rmies. Many gallant deeds of prowess and courage were done that well for their own expenses, as to distribute among the lords of Ger- day; the Flemings fought valiantly; and the Elglish attacked thiem many, who did not wish for anything more agreeable. in all the spirit of chivalry. The gallant earl of Derby proved 9 In In~~~~~~~~~~~~nal h pii fchvly About this time, the gallant WVilliam, earl of Hlainault, died on the himself a good Iknight, anti advanced so far at the first assault, that sixth day of June, 1337. He was buried in the church of Cordeliers, he was struck down: and then the lord of Manny was of essential at Valenciennes; the bishop of Cambray performed the funeral ser- service to him; tbr, by his feats of arms, lie covered him an-d raised vice, and sang the mass. There was a great attendance of dukes, him up, and placed him out of danger, crying, "Lancaster for the earls, and barons, for he was exceedingly honored during his life by earl of Derby i" They then closed with each other; many were all ranks of men. After his decease, the lord William, his son, wounded, but more of the Flemings than of the English; for the entered upon the countries of Hainault, Holland, and Zealand; hlie English archers made such continual discharges, from the time they had to wife the daughter of duke John of Brabant; her name was landed, that they did them much damage. Joan, heiress of the rich and valuable lands of Binch.* The lady The battle was very severe and fierce before the town of Cads:nt, Joan, her mother, went and resided at the monastery of Fontenelles, for the Flemings were good men, and expert in arms; the earl had upon the Scheld, where she passed her days in a devout and charita- selected and placed them there to defend the passage against the ble manner. English, and they were desirous of performing their duty in every respect, which they did. Of the barons and knights of England, there C H A P T E R XXX. were, first, the earl of Derby, son of Henry of Lancaster, surnam ed CERTAIN NOBLES OF FLANDERS DEFEND THE ISLAND OF CADSANT Wryneck; the earl of Suffolk, lord Reginald Cobham, lord Lewis AGAINST TIHE ENGLISHI. Beauchamp, lord William, son of the earl of Warwick, the lord Wiliam Beauclerk, sir Walter Manny, andmany others, who most vigor. KiNG PHILIP, informed of these alliances, and of the influence ously assuted the Fimings. The combat ws ver p ously assaulted the F14i-nings. The combat was very shvirp, anid which the king of England had acquired on that side of the water, well fought, for they were engaged hand to fist; but at lenoth the would most willingly have attached the Flemings to his party; but Flemins were put to the rut, and more tan three tousn ll t~~~~~~~~~~~~lmn gs were put to the rout, and more than three thousand killed, Jacob Von Artaveld had so entirely subjected them, that none dared aswell at the haven asin the streets and houses. Sir Guy, the Bastrd, to act contrary to his will; even the earl, their lord, could not remain of Flander, ws talen prisoner. Of the lled, were s Dtres de of Flanders, was taken prisoner. Of the killed, were sir Dutres de, there in safety, and had sent his wife, and Lewis, his son, into France. Halluyn, sir John of Rhodes, the two brothers Bouquedent, sr Giles However, certain knights and esquires in garrison on the island of de'Estrief, and more than twenty-six other knights and esqnires Cadsant, which lies between the havens of Sluys and Flushing, amon The town was taen and pillage; and when eveything was put on t The town was taken and pillaged; and when everything wa-s put on. whom were sir Dutres do HalIyn, sir John de Rhodes, sir Giles, son board the vessels with the prisoners, it was burnt. The English of the lord de l'Estrief, kept possession of it as lords paramount, and returned without accident to England. The king made the lord Goy defended the passage. They made wai- underhand upon the English, defended the passage. They made wa undeand upon the English, of Flanders pledge his troth, that he would remain a prisoner; but of which the lords that were in Hainault had information, -and also, in the course of the year he turned to the English, and did his homage that if they passed that way into England, they might be encountered, and fealty to the king. the consequences of which would be disagreeable to them. Notwithstanding this, they rode over the country of Flanders according to their pleasure, and to all the large towns; but they were indebted C H A P T E R X X X I I. for this to Jacob Von Artaveld, who showed them every honor and KING EDWARD MAKES GREAT ALLIANCES IN THIE E.IHrE. support. These lords went afterwards to Dordrecht, where they em- TI- news of the discomfiture at Cadsant was soon spread abroad; barked to cross the sea, and to avoid the passage of the island of the Flemings said, that they were mot sorry for it, as the earl had Cadsant, where the aforesaid knights and Flemings were in garrison, placed that garrison there without their consent or advice; nor was under the king of France and the earl of Flanders, as has been already Jacob Von Artaveld displeased at the event. He instantly sent over related. ernbassadors to king Edward, recommending himself to his grace The Englishmnem returned in the best manner and as privately as with his whole heart and faith. He signified to the king, that it was they could, to their own country, and to king Edward, who was right his opinion he should immediately cross the sea, and come to Ant. glad to see them, and happy in the success of their mission. When werp, by which means he would acquit himself toward the Flemings, he heard how the garrison of Cadsant harassed his people, he said he who were very anxious to see him; and he imagined, if he were on would shortly settle that business, and immediately ordered the earl that side of the water, his affairs would go on more prosperously, and of Derby, sir Walter iManny, and some other English knights and to his greater advantage. The king of England, upon this, made esquires, to make themselves ready. They collected a number of very great preparations; and when the winter was over, he embarked, men-at-arms and archers, and embarked them in vessels on the accompanied by many earls, barons, and knights, and came to the Thames at London: there might be six hundred men-at-arms, and city of Antwerp, which at that time was held for the duke of Brabant two thousand archers. When they were all on board, they weighed multitudes came thither to see him, and witness the great state ana anchor, and with that tide came to Gravesend, where they lay that pomp in which hlie lived. He sent to the duke of Brabant, his cousin, first night. The next day they weighed and came to Margate. At to his brother-in-law, the duke of Gueldres, to the marquis of Juliers the third tide they hoisted and set their sails, and toolk to the deep, the lord John of Hainault, and to all those from whom lie expected and passed over to Flanders, when, having assembled and properly support and assistance, that he should be happy to have some conarranged their vessels, they approached near to Cadsant. versation with them. They all therefore came to Antwerp between Whitsuntide and St. John's day; and when the king had sufficiently entertained them, he was eager to lknow from them when they could CH A P T E R X X X I. enter upon what thev had promised, and entreated them to make THE BATTLE OF CaDSANT, BETWEEN THE ENGLISH SNO THE FLEmI:NGS, dispatch: for this was his reason of coming to Antwerp; and as he ATTACHED TO THE EARL OF FLANDERS. had all his preparations ready, it would be a great loss to him if they WHEN the English saw the town of Cadsant, whither they were weme tardy. These lords of Germany had a long consultation to~ oending their course to attack those that were within it, they con- gether, and finally made this their answer: * A tewn in the Low Countries, three leagues frmm Mons, and four from Maubeuge. 32 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &e. " Dear sir, when we came hither, it was more for the pleasure of of France detained the king and queen of Scotland a long time; they &ein,.g you, than for anything else; we are not yet in a situation to had everything they wanted delivered to them, for but little came from give a positive answer to your demand; but we will return home, Scotland to support their state. He sent also embassadors to those and come again to you whenever you please, and give you so full an lords and barons who had remained in Scotland, and were carrying on answeir, that the matter shall not remain with us." the war against the English garrisons, offering them assistance, if they They fixed upon that day three weeks after St. John's day. The would not consent to any pacification or truce without his approbation, king of England remonstrated with them upon the great expenses and that of their king, who had already promised and sworn the same. and loss he should be at by their delays, for he thought they would The Scottish lords assembled, held a conference on the subject, all have been ready with their answers by the time he had come agreed most willingly to this request, and sealed and swore to what thither; and added, that he would never return to England, until he their king had before promised. Thus was this alliance first formed knew what their intentions were. Upon this the lords departed, and between the kings of France and Scotland, which lasted for many the king remained quietly in the monastery of St. Bernard: some of years. The king of France sent men-at-arms into Scotland to carry his lords stayed at Antwerp, to keep him company; the rest went on the war, under the command of the lord Arnold d'Andreghen, about the country amusing themselves in a magnificent style, and afterwards marshal of France, the lord Garencieres, and many other were well received and feasted wherever they came. The duke of knights and esquires. King Philip imagined that the Scots would Brabant went to Louvain, and made a long stay there; thence he find the English too much employment at home, for them to be able sent (as he had done before) frequently to the king of France, to to cross the sea; or if they did, at all events in too small.*umbers to entreat that he would not pay attention to any reports that were in- hurt or molest him. jurious to him, for he should be very sorry to form any connection or alliance contrary to his interests; but the king of England being CHAP T ER XXXIV. his cousin-german, he could not forbid his passing through his country. INCE EDWARD OF ENCLAND SIADE VICAR OF Tnl EMPIRE OF GERMANY. The day came when the king expected the answers from the abovementioned lords: they sent excuses, saying, they were not quite of England ad the lords, his allies, had quitted t ready, neither themselves nor their men; that he mst exert himself conference at Halle, the king returned to the castle of Louvain, which to make the duke of Brabant prepare to act with them, as he was he set abot preparing or his eidence; at the sae time he sent to much nearer to France, and seemed to thema very indifferent in the, much nearer to Fr~ance, and seemed to them very indifferent in the his queen, to inform her of his intentions, and that if she would come matter; and that as soon as they should for a certainty be informed to hin, it would give him much pleasrre, for he should not he able tht the duke was ready, they would put themselves i motion, nd to repass the sea this year. He sent back many of his knights to guard tbe as soon in action as he should be. teslsinoo adthe country, particularly the borders of Scotland. While these things bUpon this t nhe hin of England bhad a conference with the duke f were going forward, the English knights remaining with the king in Upobn t, hwdhis the kinswersnglan had a ofrencewithted aduk ofge Brabant, aid showed him the answers he had received, and be Brabant spread themselves all over the countries of Flanders and of him, by his friendship and his kindred, that no delay might come of him, hy his friendship and his k~indred, that no delay might come Hainault, living most sumptuously, and giving princely presents and from him, for he suspected that he was warmly inclined to the aid of ettiments to the lords and ladies, in orde to acre teir good these German lords. The duke replied, that he would lsummon his will and favor. Their behavior was such, that they were beloved council. After long deliberations, he told the king, that he would be hy those of hoth sexes, and even hy the common people, who were M~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~b pleased wit bthei sexes, and mgicencen ythe cmarusof peolewh iere ready the moment the business required it —but that he must first see plsed with their state and mancence. The marquis of Julier these lords; to whom he wrote, to desire they would meet him at and his company returned from the cmpird ahout All Saints day whatever place was the most agreeable to them. The day for thifs whatever place was the most agrrreeable to them. The day for this "and when he sent to inform the king of this, he congratulated him on conference was fixed for the middle of August, and it was unani- the good success of his mission. The king wrote him for answer, ht he should scoces tof him mison. The feskfSint Maroteino andswer mously agreed to be held at Halle, on account of the young earl of tht he should co to him on t fast of aint rtin, and d Hainault, who was to be there, as well as the lord John, his uncle. manded of the duke of Brabant to name the place where lie wished When all the lords of the empire were assemhled in the city of this conference to be holden, who replied at Arques, in the county of Halle, they had long deliberations together, and said to the king of Los,* near to his own country. Upon this, the king gave notice of Losit that all his oalouty.Uontiesh kingt bae ntiere. E-ngland, " Dear sir, we do not see any cause for us to challenge the t, that all his allies ight e there. a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i, Tetown-hall ofhius wasllu ith richt anbie clthere.l[K king of France, all things considered, unless you can procure the con- The town-hall of Arques was iung with rich and fine clos, ie sent of the emperor, that he will command us so to do on his account, t th pesencecaer of the ing. His majesty was seated five which may easily he done; for there is an ordinance of a very old feet higher than the rest of the coipany, and had on his head a rich date, sealed, that no king of France should take and keep possession cown of gold. The letters from the emperor to the king were pub Icyreaoywhihteng of Egland. Thates fronstieeprrtu ted kind weretp of anything that belongs to the empire. Now king Philip has gotten icly read, y which the king of England as constituted and estab possession of e castles of Creveeur, in Cambresis, and of Arleu lished his vicar and lieutenant, and full powers granted to him to do in Artois, as well as the city of Cambray, for which the emperor has all acts of law and justice to every one, in his namm e,and also to coin good grounds to challenge him through us, if you will have the good- mney in gold and silvr. These letters c manded ll those in the ness to obtain it from him, in order to save our honor." The king eempire, and all his other subjects, to obey his vicar as himself, and of England replied, that he would cheerfully conform himself to their that they should do fealty and homage to him s vicar of the empire ~~~~~~~~~~~advice. ~Several knights and lords swore fealty and homage before him, and It was then determined, tht the marquis of uliers should go to some took advantage of the opportunity of pleading their causes, as the emperor, and with him tnialhts and counsellors from the king, if before the emperor, and they were judged as lawfully as if in his and some from the duke of Giteldres: but the duke of Brabant would presence. not send any; he lent, however, his castle of Louvain to the king for On this occasion an ancient statute was renewed and confirmed, whis residence. The marquis of Juliers and his compny found the hich had been made in former times at the court of the emperor; emperor at Nuremberg: t hey obtained by their solicitations the object it direc emperor at Nuremberg-: they obtained hy their solicitations the o~ject it directed, that any one meaning to hurt or annoy another should send of their mission; for the lady Margaret of Hainault, whom the lord m an sufficient deiance three days before he comnitted any hostile Lewis of Bavaria, then emperor, had married, took great pains and ct d that whoever should t otherwise should be degraded as oble to bring it about. The mrquis was then created an earl evil doer. When all this was completed, the lords took their leave, and the due of Gueldres, who was but an earl, was raised ato the and gave each other their mutual promises to be fully equipped, with. and the duke of Gueldres, who was but an earl, was raised to the dly he ek fe h es fSitJht i onbfr dignity of a duke. The emperor gave a commission to four knightsou dignity of a duke. The emperor gave a commission to four krniebta out delay, three weeks after the feast of Saint John, to sit down before C3 the city of Cambray, which of right belonged to the emperor-, but had and two counsellors in the law, who were members of his council th city of Cambray, which of ight elnged to the emperor, but had investing them with powers to make king Edward his vicar over all turned to the French. The lords then set out each for his home, and parts of the empire; and these lords took out sufficient instruments, king Edward, as vicar of the empire, returned to Louvain to his queen, publicly sealed and confirmed by the emperor. who had lately arrived there with many of the nobility, and well accompanied by ladies and damsels, from England. The king and queen kept their courts there in great state during all the winter, and caused CHAPTER XXXIII. plenty of gold and silver coin to be struck at Antwerp. The duke of Brabant, however, was not neglectful in sending DAVID, RING OP SCOTLAND, FORMS AN A.I.ALNaCE WITH PHIrIP, KING OP frequent messages to king Philip of France by the Lord Lewis de FRANCE. Travehen, his special counsellor, to excuse himself; for which purABOUT this time, the young king David of Scotland, great part of pose this knight had made many differentjourneys; and at last he whose kingdom was seized by the English, which he could not re- was commanded to remain near the person of the king, in order to cover from the power of the king of England, quitted Scotland, with exculpate his master, and contradict any reports that might be circu. his queen and a few followers. They arrived at Boulogne, and thence lated against him. The knight did everything in his power, and came to Paris, where the king magnificently received them, gave becoming his duty. them one of his castles to reside in as long as they chose, and supplied them with money for their expenses, upon condition that the after the battle of Halidon, 13:33, is a question of little importance. Our later anthoe king of Scotland would never make peace with the king of England have tdecided in favor of 1333, and not without prohable reasens: the chief is, that Balicd the 23rd November, 1332, offered to marry lohanna, the intfnt consort of David D'ruce; but with liis consent; for the king of France knew wel~l that king Fled. torn. iv. pp. 516 —139; which lie would not have doine, had she been ccveyed to Edward was taking every measure to make war upon him.* The lking France immediately after the battle of Duplin, 12th August, 1332. This is a more specious argument than anything drawn from the Chronicle of Froissart, where dates and "In much circumstances, it became necessary to provide a safe place of refuge for facts are strangely misplaced and confounded, as the manner is in colloquial history." — the young king and his consort; Malcolm Fleming found means to convey them from Loan HIAILS'S ANNALS. tUa castle of D~unblarton into Fraunce, where they were honorably atenttained." *' The county of Los had formerly its particular counts, and made part of the territonri "Whether David II. was conveyed into France. after the battle of Duplin, in 133, or of the bishopric of Liege. THE NEW WORLD. 3 be enabled to march in a fortnight, when they would be quite ready and, that their cause might have a better appearance, they determined UING EDWARD AND HIS ALLIES SEND CHALLENGES TO THE KING OF to send challenfges to kinr Philip. At the head of this defiance was FRANCE. the king of England, the duke of Gueldres, the marquis of Juliers, Wr4TER was now over, and the summer come, when the feast of sir Robert d'Artois, sir Johl of Hainault, the marquis of Nuvs, the St. John the Baptist approaching, the lords of England and Germany marquis of Blanckenburg, the lord of Fauquemont, sir Arnold de made preparations for undertaking their intended expedition. The Bacqueglhen, the arcnbishop of Cologne, his brother sir Waleran, and king of France also made his preparations to meet thenm; for he was all the lords of the empire, who were united as chiefs with the king well acquainted with part of what they intended, though he had not of England. These challenges were written and sealed by all, ex. yet received any challenge. King Edward collected his stores in cept the duke John of BrL'bant, who said he would do his part in England, where he made his armaments ready, and, as soon as St. proper time and place. They were given in charge to the bishop ot John's day was passed, transported them across the sea to Vilvorde,? Lincoln, who carried them to Paris, and performed his message so whither he went himself. He made all his people, on their arrival, justly and well, that he was blamed by no one. He had a passport take houses in the town; and when this was full, he lodged them in granted him to return to his lord, who, as said before, was at Mechlin tents and pavilions in the fine meadows along the side of the river. He remained thus from Magdalen day until the feast of eur Lady in R X September, expecting week after week the arrival of the lords of the empire, especially the duke of Brabant, for whom all the others were SIR WALTER MANNY, AFTER THE CHALLENGES HAD BEEN SENT, MAKES waiting. When the king of England saw that they came not, he sent strong messages to each of them, and caused them to be sum SIR WALTER MANNY, a week after the challenges had been sent, and when he imagined the king of France had received therr, collected about forty lances, on whom he knew he could de.pend,.D THE......D SENDING A N......O KI. and rode through Brabant night and day; ____ii;_ ~!!,~!ii~ —7T.-.:~ ~i~ i: ~i:'~lTh so that he came into Hainault, and entered I' 4[iR4j~!~Y'~i' ~'~~":qi~}i~i'i;i"l the wood of Blaton, before any of his follow. h: rs knew where and why they were thus hastening: he then told some of his intL. AN -r, I i 15ord ( ii ii ii~iili i i~ii!II'ii-ii mates, that he had made a promise in Enghe;ovals obliged to keep at sea against the Genoean, take som castl or strongtownand' harass[ if, ipeirfo s lt!the cmian o of ars land, before the nobles and ladies, that he fleet, tI'guallrd t ii would' be the first that would enter France,,'[ncedI!':t1,l.i and take some castle or strong town, and'..'. I j HaitoN; ]m hl l/l]i perform some gallant deed of arms; and ~'!'/1'f~'"il~ ~ as Mortaigne, to surprise the town, which I,~i'~~i was a part of the kingdom of France, J11titll!I[[i[~["[Q"- ~~;,~'.? d/ Those to whom he thus opened himself: cheerfully consented to follow him. They' Mechlinthen regirthed their horses, tightened their', armor, and rode in close order: having:'l A smal!111'"~"'1l toin!rlz'"'""1t, btw e B passed through the wood. of Blaton, they, came at one stretch, a little before sunrise,. IaBY~~~nyl~ ti![!r) to Mortaigne, where luckily they found the: II~~t, i ii'1i( wicket open. Sir Walter. alighted with: I some of his companions, and having parsed. ][l"]..aa - -'!i/ /[' the wicket in silence, and placed there a. guard, he then with his pennon marched; ~~~~~~ii~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i'down the street before the great tower, but: the gate and the wicket were close shut. The watch.of the castle heard their voice,. i and seeing them from his post, began to blow his horn, and to cry out "Treason!. treason!" This awakened the soldiers and ____ —-~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~inhabitahts, but they did not make any sally from the fort. Sir Walter, upon this,, retreated handsomely into the street, and their-'J-A~~~~ ~!.:~~_~__~2~:~:~ guaordered those houses to be set on fire that were near the castle: full fifty houses were, burnt that morning, and the inhabitants, much frightened, as they concluded they must all have been taken prisoners; but sir Walter and his company marched away,. ____FO~~~~~ ~ and came straight to Cond', where they' passed by the pond and river Haynes, take.. ing the road to Valenciennes; leavingwhich, on the right hand, they came to Avesnes,. EDWARD THE THIRD SENDING A CHALLENGE TO KING PaHIIP-From a MS. Froissart of the 15th century took up their quarters in the abbey.'They then pushed forward toward Bou._ chain, and managed matters so well with' the governor, that the gates of the castle' moned to be at the city of Mechlin on St. Giles's day, according to were opened to them: they crossed a river which empties itself intoe their promises, and to give reasons for their delays. the Scheld, and which rises near Arleux. Afterwards they came, King Edward was obliged to remain at Vilvorde, where he main- to a very strong castle, called Thin-l'Ev~que, that belonged to the' tained daily, at his own cost, full sixteen hundred men-at-arms, that bishop of Cambray, which was so suddenly surprised, the governor: had come there from beyond sea, and ten thousand archers, without and his wife were taken in it. Sir Walter placed a strong garrison.w counting the otherfollowers of his army. This must have been a heavy there, and made his brother, sir Giles Manny, governor, who gave expense; not including the large sums he had given to the German much disturbance to the Cambresians, as this castle was but a short.' lords, who thus paid him back by fair promises; and the great force league from the city of Cambray. When gir Walter had performed, he was obliged to keep at sea against the Genoese, Bretons, Normans, these enterprises, he returned into Brabant toward the king, his lord,, Picards, and Spaniards-, whom king.Philip supported at his cost, to whom he found at Mechlin, and related to him all that he had done., harass the English, under the command of sir Hugh Quiriel, sir Peter Bahucet, and Barbenoire, who were the admirals and conductors of this fleet, to guard the straits and passages between England and France; C H A P T E R X X XV II. and these corsairs only waited for information of the war being com. THE FRENCH, AFTER THE CHALLENGES, INVADE ENGLAND. meuced, and the English kiing, having challenged the king of France UroN king Philip's receiving the challenges from kaiig Edward and as they surpposed he would, to invade England and ravag~e the coon- his allies, he collected men.at-arms and soldiers from all quarters; he try. The lords of Germnany, in obedience to the summons, came to sent the lord Galbois de ha Bausme, a good knight from Savoy, to the Mechlin, where, after many debates, they agreed, that the king should city of Cambray, and made him governor thereof, in conjunction witb A email town in Braa, bs~etwm Brussels and Memhn. on the river e sir Thibault de Marneil and the lord of Roye' they might be, includ. 34 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. in Spaniards and French, full two hundred lances. The king seized made their excursions together, and burnt and destroyed mauch of the the county of Ponthieu, which the king of England had before held country of Cambresis. These lords, with five hundred lances, and a by right of his mother; and he also sent and entreated some lords of thousand other men-at-arms, came to the castle of Oisy, in Cambresis, the empire, such as the count of Hainault his nephew, the duke of and assaulted it so furiously, that it would have been taken, if the Lorrain, the count of Bar, the bishop of Metz, the bishop of Liege, knights and esquires within had not most valiantly defended it for not to commit any hostile acts against him or his kingdom. The the lord of Coucy; so that little damage was done, and these lords greater part of them answered as he could have wished; but the count returned to their quarters. The earl of Hainault and his forces came of Hainault, in a very civil reply, said that although he should be at one Saturday to the gates of St. Quentin, and made a vigorous attack all times ready to assist him or his realm against any one, yet as the upon them. John Chandos, as yet but an esquire, (of whose prowess king of England made war in behalf of the empire, as vicar and lieu- this book will speak much,) flung himself between the barrier and tenant of it, he could not refuse him aid and assistance in his coun- the gate, at the length of a lance, and fought very gallantly with an try, as he held lands under the empire. The king of France appeared esquire of Vermandois, called John de Saint Dizier: each of them satisfied with this answer, not however laying much stress on it, as performed great deeds of valor; and the Hainaulters got possession he felt himself insufficient strength to oppose his enemies. by force of the barriers. The earl of Hainault and his marshals, sir As soon as sir Hugh Quiriel, sir Peter Bahucet, and Barbenoire, Gerard de Verchin and sir Henry d'Antoing, were present, and adWare informed that hostilities had commenced, they landed one Sun- vantageously posted, as well as many others, who ventured boldly in day morning in the harbor of Southampton, while the inhabitnants the pursuit of honor. The lords of Beaumont, Fauquemont, Angwere at church; Normans, Picards, and Spaniards entered the town, hien, sir Waiter Manny, with their forces, were at a gate, called pillaged it, killed many, deflowered maidens and forced wives; and Robert's gate, upon which they made a brisk attack; but those of having loaded their vessels with the booty, they fell down with the Cambray, and the soldiers whom the king of France had sent thither, tide, and made sail for the coast of Normandy. They landed at defended themselves with so much valor and skill, that the assailants Dieppe, and there divided the plunder. gained no advantage, but retreated to their quarters well beaten and tired. The young carl of Namur came to serve under the earl of Hainault, according to his request, and said that he would be of their party so long as they remnained in the empire; but, the moment they C H A P T E X X X VII I. entered France, he should go and join the king of France, who had KING EDVARD BESIEGES THE CITY OF CAMBRAY. retained him, and entreated him to do so. This was also the intenTHE king of England from Mechlin went to Brussels to see the tion of the earl of Hainault, who had commanded his people, that none should dare to commit any acts of violence in the kingdom of duke of Brabant: his people passed by without entering it. Th ere o s France under pain of death. a large body of Germans, at least twenty thousand men, joined the While the kin of England was besieging the city of Cabray king, who asked the duke of Brrabant what his intentions were -to with full forty thouand men-at-arms, and pressing it closely by difgo before Cambray or to desert his cause. The duke replied, that, ferent ault theknofFacasmbdhi!orsatPone fe~rent asstraits, the king of France assembled his forces at Peronne, as soon as he should know that Cambray was besieged, he would in the Vermandois. About this time the king of England called a come thither with twelve hundred lances of good men-at-arms; which council of those from his own country, and particularly sir Robert answer pleased the king much. The king took his departure and council of those from his own country, and particuly sir Robet lay that night at Nivelle; the next day he camk too ns, in Harau, d'Artois, in whom he had much confidence, and demanded of them, where he found Nelle; te nxt da he came t Mn, i H whether it were best to enter the kingdom of France, and go to meet where he found the young count of Hainauut and his uncle, who rehis adversary, or to remain before Cambray until he should have. iedhim joyfully. The lord Robert d'Artels was always with the kin, ad h joyfully. The lord Robert d'Artois w xs alwnays with y taken it. The lords of England, and his privy councillors, seeing the:king, and of his privy council. He was attended by sixteen or twenty great barons and knights fom England, who he crried with h city was strong and well provided with men, provision, and artillery,;great barons and knights fi'om England, whom he carried with himanthtiwoltkesmtmeocnqri-fwihoev, by way of state, and also as his council. The bishop of Lincoln was and that it would tke some time to conuer it-of which, owever, they were not well assured, for no great deeds of arms had yet been,among them, who was much renowned in this expedition for his wisdom and valor. TheEnglishpuhed adlodd hem performed-that the winter was fast approaching, and that they were'wisdom and valor. The English pushed forward, and lodged themthere at a very great expense, gave their opinion, that the king should:selves on the roads in the flat countries through which they passed a very great exense, gave their opinion, that the ing should and found provision at hand for their money; but some paid and push forward into France; for he could there find plenty of forage, and found provision at hand fo~r their money; but some paid andanagrtsupyopovin.Tscusewsfloedad others iset, and a great supply of provision. This counsel was followed; and,others not. When the king had reposed himself two days at Mons, in Ha- all the lords were ordered to dislodge and pack up their tents, pavil. When the king had reposed himself two days at Mons, in Hainut, he came to Valnciennes, which he entered, taing with him ions, and baggage. They advanced toward Mont St. Martin, which ault, he came to Valenc~~~~~iens, hc eetrd aigwt i upon the borders of France,, and they marched very regularly by but twelve knights. The count of Hainault was already arrived is up the borders of France, nd they marched very regularly by there, accompanied by the lord John, his uncle, the lord of Fagui- companies, each lord with his own people. nelles, the lord of Verchin, and the lord of Havareth, with many The earls of Northampton, Gloucester, and Suffolk, were the mar shals of the English host, and the earl of Warwick was the constable others, who attended on the person of the count, their lord. The shals of the English host, and the erl of arwick as the constabl of England. They easily passed the river Scheld, not far from Mont count took the king by the hand, and led him to the great hall, which o and T ey p e the ce When the efrl oM St. Martin, for it is not very wide at that place. When the earl ol was properly prepared,to receive him, and as they were ascending Hainault had accompanied the king of England as far as the boun:the steps, the bishop of Lincoln, then present, raised his voice and Hainalt had accmpaned the king of England as far as the boun said, "William d'Aussonne, bishop of Cambray, 1 admonish youa daries of the Empire, so that if he passed the Scheld he would be in p r cto on lthe part of the kingo of England, v icar of theI e meo o the kingdom of France, he took his leave, saying he would not ad. octor on thepartoftkng ofv empeo ance further with him at this time; for as he had been sent to, and R~ome, that you consent to open the gates of the city of Cambrayr; Romele, that you consent to open the, gates of the city of Cambray; his aid requested by king Philip, his uncle, whose ill-will he wished and if otherwise you shall do, you will forfeit your lands and we willnotoirhewudgsrv himnre, aheadsrdte enter by force." No reply was made, for the bishop of Cambray not to sncur, he would go serve him in France, as he had served the wnter py Noresent.wasTmadefothe bishop of Larl king of England in the Empire. The king replied, "God assist you." was not present. The bishop of Lincoln continued, and said, "1 earl of Hainault, we admonish you on the part of the emperor of Rome, that you come and assist the king of England, his vicar, before the Quesnoy with all their troops; the earl of Hainault disbanded the'ity of Cambray, with all your forces."h The earl made answer, and greater part of his, but desired of them to hold themselves in readi.,city of Cambray, with all your forces." The earl made answer, and id, ilinly." They entered the hall, and conducted the ki ness, for he should shortly go to the assistance of the king of France,,said, "Willingly." They entered the hall, and conducted the king his uncle. to his chamber. Shortly after the supper was served up, which was sumptuous and splendid. The next day the king departed, and came to Haspre on the Selle. Having halted there two days, till the C H A P T E R X X X I X. greater part of lhis forces had passed by, he set out and came before ]KIG EDWARD OREATES SIR HENRY OF FLANDERS A KNIGHT,* AND AFTER Cambray; when, having fixed his quarters opposite to it, he surWARDS MARCHES INTO PICARDY. rounded with his army the whole city, his forces every day increasing. WDS MARCHES NTO ICRDY. The young carl of IHainault came thither with a large body of men, As soon as the king of England had passed the Scheld, and had.accompanied by his uncle, sir John, and they took up their quarters entered the kingdom of France, he called to him the lord Henry of near to those of the king. They were followed by the duke of Flanders, who was but a young esquire, and knighted him-at the Gueldres, the marquis of Nuys, the earl of Mons, the earl of Saunes, same time giving him two hundred pounds sterling a year, properly the lord of Fauquemont, sir Arnold of Bacqueghen, and all the other secured in England. The king was lodged in the abbey of Mont St. lords of the-empire, allies of the king, with their forces. On the Martin, where he remained two days; his troops were scattered sixth day after the king and these lords had taken their position be. round about in the country. The duke of Brabant was quartered at,fore Cambray, the duke of Brabant arrived with a fine arsy: there the monastery of Vaucelles. When the king of France, who was at'were full niine hundred lances, without counting the other armed Compibgne, heard this news, he increased his forces everywhere, and men, of whom there were numbers. He took up his quarters at sent the earl of Eu and Guines, his constable, with a large body of Ostrenant upon the Scheld, over which a bridge was thrown for the men-at-arms, to St. Quentin, to guard that town and the frontiers communication of one army with the other. The duke of Brabant against his enemies. He sent the lords of Coucy arel of Ham to -was no sooner arrived, than he sent his challenge to the king of their castles, and a great number of men-at-arms to Guise, Ribemont, France, who was at ComnpiBgne; at which sir Lewis de Travehen, Bouchain, and the neighboring fortresses on the borders of his king. who had hitherto exculpated him, was so confounded, that he would *His name was Henry Earn. He was eight years afierwards knighted, or. more pro ano~ return into Brabant, but d fgrief hn bably, made a banneret, by the prince of Wales, who settled on him one hundred mark. During the siege of Cambray there were many skirmishes and for Iris life, payable from the manor of Bradenash in the county of Devol. lie wau also combats; sir John of Hainault, and the lord of Fauquemont, as usual, the twenty-fourth knight of the garter. —AsaxeoL. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &ec. as dom; and came himself to Peronne, in the Vermandois. During the and lodged at Vehories, where he remained a whole day, while his time the king of England was at the abbey of Mont St. Martin, his people overran all the country thereabouts, and laid it waste. The people overran the country as far as Bapaume, and very near to king then took his road to la Flamengrie, in his way to l'Eschelle, in Peronne and St. Quentin: they found it rich and plentiful, for there Tierache: the marshals, with the bishop of Lincoln, accompanied by had not been any wars in those parts. upward of five hundred lances, crossed the river Trisagee, entered Sir Henry of Flanders, to do credit to his newly acquired knight-. the Laonnois, near the estate of the lord of Coucy, and burnt St. Gouhood, and to obtain honor, made one of a party of knights, who were vin and the town of Marle. They lay one night at Van, below Laon, conducted by sir John de Hainault. There were among them the and the next day returned to the main army, as they had learnt from lords of Fauquemont, Bergues, Vaudresen, Lens, and many others, some of their prisoners that king Philip of France was come to St. to the number of five hundred combatants: they had a design upon Quentin with one hundred thousand men, and there intended to cross a town in the neighborhood, called Hennecourt, whither the greater the river Somme. They burnt in their retreat a very good town number of the inhabitants of the country had retired, who, confiding called Crecy-sur-Selle, with a great many others, as well as villages, in the strength of this fortress, had carried with them all their move- in that neighborhood. ables. Sir Arnold of Bacqueghen and sir William du Dunor had We must now speak of the expedition of sir John of Hainault, who already been there, but had done nothing: upon which all these had with him full five hundred fighting men. He came first to Guise, lords had collected together, and were desirous of going thither to do which he burnt, and destroyed the mills. In the fortress was the their utmost to conquer it. There was an abbot at that time in lady Jane, his daughter, wife of Lewis earl of Blois; she begged of Hennecourt of great courage and understanding, who ordered bar- her father to spare the lands and heritage of his son-in-law; but in riers to be made of wood-work around the town, and likewise to be vain, for sir John would not depart, until he had completed the purplaced across the street, so that there was not more than half a foot pose of his expedition. He then returned to the king, who was lodged from one post to another; he then collected armed men, provided in the abbey of Sarnaques, while his people overran the country. The stones, quick-lime, and such like instruments of annoyance, to guard lord of Fauquemont led six score German lances to Lonnion, in them. As soon as the lords above-mentioned came there, the abbot Tierache, a large level town; the inhabitants of which had almost all posted his people between the barriers and the gate, and flung the retired with what they could carry off into the woods, and there. had gate open; the lords dismounted and approached the barriers, which fortified their position, by cutting down large trees. The Germans were very strong, sword in hand, and great strokes were given to followed them, and being joined by sir Arnold Bacqueghen and his those within, who defended themselves very valiantly. Sir Abbot company, they atacked the people of Lonnion in the wood, who did not spare himself; but, having a good leathern jerlkin on, dealt defended themselves as well as they could: but they were over. about his blows manfully, and received as good in his turn. Many powered and obliged to flee. There were about forty killed and a gallant action was performed; and those within the barriers flung wounded, and all they brought there plundered. Thus was this upon the assailants stones, logs, and pots full of lime, to annoy them. country ruined without any hindrance; and the English acted as they It chanced that sir Henry of Flanders, who was one of the fore- thought proper. most, with his sword attached to his wrist, laid about him at a great rate; he came too near the abbot, who caught hold of his sword, and drew him to the barriers with so much force, that his arm was CHAPTER X dragged through the grating, for he could not quit his sword with honor. The abbot continued pulling, and had the grating been wide THE IINGS OF FRANCE AND OF ENGLAND APPOINT A DAY FOR THEIR enough, he would have had him through, for his shoulder had passed, ARMIES TO ENGAGE. and he kept his hold, to the knight's great discomfort. On the other KINs EDWAaD sat out from Saranaques, and came to IMontrEull, side, his brother knights were endeavoring to draw him out of his KN E e o o aqe, a ametoMnre n ~~~~~where lie lay one day,: and ou the mnorrow to la Flamengrie, where hands; and this lasted so long, that sir Henry was sorely hurt: he he cantonld nll his people near him: their numbers amounted to was, however, at last rescued —but his sword remained with the h atndalhspol erhm hi ubr mutdt was, however, at last rescued —but his sw~Yord remained with the, more than forty thousand men. lie held a council, and resolved, that abbot. And at the time I was writing this book, as I passed through e ta r t n mn he ac, and ole ha nhe would wait for king Philip and his army, and would there offer that town, the monks showed me this sword, which was kept there, e at f king P an ha a wu here e them battle. The k-ing of France had left St. Quentin, where lie was much ornamented. It was there that I learnt all the truth of this daily receivingi reinforcelnents, with all his army, aind advanced as far assault. Hennecourt was very vigoroslyattace thatrday an it daily receiving reinforcements, with all his army, and advanced as far ssault. s iennecourt was very viaorously atsretacked that day; and it as Vironfosse, where he stopped, and ordered his army to halt, saying iasted until vespers. Many of the assailants were killed or wounded. he would not move further, before he fought the king of England Sir John of Hainault lost a knight from Holland, called sir Herman, and his allies, who were not more than two leagues distant. As soo and his allies, who were not more than two leagues distant. As soon who bore for arms a fess compone gules, and in chief, three buckles as the ea of Hainault, who had remained at Quesnoy with his menesas the earl of Hainauit, who had remahned at Quesnoy with his menazure. When the Flemings, Hainaulters, English, and Germans, at-arms, was informed that the king of France was at Vironfosse, in who were there, saw the courage of those within the town, and that,n of giving a ~~~~n ~~~~~expectation of giving battle, he pushed forward and joined the army instead of gaining any advantage, they were beaten down and wounded, they retreated in the evening, carrying with them to their of France with about five hundred lances, and presented himself wounded, they retreated in the evening, carrying with them to their before his' uncle, who did not receive him very graciously, because q ~uarters tl wounded and bruised, he had been with his adversary before Camnbray; nevertheless the On the next morning the king departed from Mont St. Martin, and On the next mrning the king departed from Mont St. Mrtin, and earl excused himself so handsomely, that the king and his counsellors ordered, under pain of death, that no damiage should be done to theI ordered, under pain of death, that no dme should be done to the were well enough satisfied. It was ordered by the marshals, that is abbey, which was observed. They then entered the Vermandois, and to say by the marshals Bertrand and D Trie, that the arl should be at an early hour took up their lodgings on Mont St. Quentin. Theytosyb the msse anda e Ti, the ersu posted very near to th e English army. The quarters of the two kings were in a regular order of battle; and those of St. Quentin might were on *ie to the E have encountered them, had they chosen it, but they had no desireweeo the plain between Vironfosse and ha Flamengrie, without to issue out of the town. The scouts of the army went up to the any advantage of ground; and in the memory of man there had not barriers, and slkirmished with those who were there. The constable been so fine an assembly of great lords; for the king of France wa of France and sir Charles le Blois drew up their people in order of there in person, and had with him king Charles of Bohemia, the king of Navarre, and the king of Scotland, dukes, counts, barons, and battle before the barriers; and when the Englishmen, among whom nare, and the des co s ns knights without number, and they were daily increasing. were the earl of Suffolk, the earl of Northampton, sir Reginald CobWhen the king of England had halted in the champaign country ham, and many others, saw the manner in which it was done, they When the king of England had halted in the champaign country retreated to the main army of the kin, which remained encamped of Tierache, as you have before heard, he was informed, that the n n k m c king of France was within two leagues of him, and eager to give on the hill until four o'clock the next morning. A council was then him battle; he therefore summoned the chiefs of his army, and de. him battle; he therefore summoned the chiefs of his army, and de. held, to consider whether they should march straight into France, or manded of them the best method of preserving his honor, as his draw toward Tierache, keeping near the borders of Hainault. By intention was to accept the combat. The lords looked at each other, the advice of the duke of Brabant, the latter plan was followed, as and requested the due of Braant to give his opinion. The duke Iand requested the duke of Brabant to give his opinion. The duke from that country they drew all their provision; and they resolved, replied, that he was for figtig, as they could not depart honorabl.4 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~replied, that he, was for fighting, as they could not depart honorably'hant if king Philip should follow them with his army, as they supthat if king Philip should follow tem with his army, as they sup. without it; and he advised, that a herald should be sent to the king posed he would, they would wait for him in the plains, and give him of France, to offer him battle, and to fix the day. A herald, who battle without fail. They then set out from Mont St. Quentin, belonged to the duke of Gueldres, ard spoke French well, had this ranged in a regular order, in three battalions. The marshals and the commission. After being informed what he was to say, he rode to Germans led the van, the king, of England the centre, and the duke Germans led the van, the king of England the centre, and the duke the French army, and coming to the king and his counsellors, told of Brabant the rear; they advanced not more than three or four them, that the king of England, having halted in the plains, demanded leagues a day, halting early, but burning and pillaging all the coun. and required the comba-t of one rmy anst the othe. To this tn ~~~~~~~~~~and required the combat of one army against the other. To this try they passed through, king Philip answered willingly, and appointed the Friday following A troop of English and Germans crossed the river Somme, a little for the day, this being Wednesday. The herald returned back, well below the abbey of Vermans, to which they did much damage: ano- clothed with handsome furred mantles, which the.king and lords of ther troop under the command of Sir John of Hainault, and the lords France had given him for the sake of the news he had brought, and of Fauquesmont and Bacqueghen, went by a different road, and came related the good cheer he had received. The day being thus fixed, to Origny St. Benoit,5 a tolerably good town, but weakly inclosert; information of it was given to the captains of either army, and every so that it was soon taken by assault, robbed, and pillaged, an abbey one made his preparations accordingly. of nuns violated, and the whole town burnt. They then marched On the Thursday morning, two knights belonging to the ear of forward toward Guise and Ribemont. The king of England caine Hainault, the lords of Faguinelles and Tupegny, mounted their steeds; *A small town in Picardy, three leagues from St. tuentin. and these two leaving their own army, set out to view that of the 36 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. English. They rode on for some time boldly along the line of the of Dammartin, of Valentinois, of Auxerre, of Sancerre, of Geneve, English army; when it chanced that the horse of the lord of Fagui. of Dreux; and from Gascony and Languedoc so many earls and nelles took fright, ran off in spite of all the efforts of his master, and viscounts, that it would take up too much time to name them. It carried him, whether he would or no, to the quarters of the enemy. was a fine sight to see the banners and pennons flying in the plain, le fell into the hands of the Germans, who, soon perceiving he did the barbed horses, the knights and esquires richly armed. The not belong to their party, surrounded him and his horse, and took French were formed in three large battalions, each consisting of him prisoner. He remained prisoner to five or six German gentle- fifteen thousand men-at-arms, and twenty thousand men on foot. men, who immediately ransomed him. When they found out that he was a Hainaulter, they asked him whether he knew sir John of Hainault; he replied, Yes, and begged of them, for the love of God, CHAPTER XLII. to carry him to him, because he was sure he would be security for his ransom. The Germans were delighted at this, and carried him TIE Two RINGS RETIRE FROM VIRONFOSSE WITHOUT GIVING BATTLE. to sir John, who pledged himself for his ransom. The lord of Fagui- IT was a matter of much wonder how two such fine armies could nelles thereupon returned to the army of Hainault, to his earl and separate without fighting. But the French were of contrary opinions other lords. His steed was returned to him through the entreaties of among themselves, and each spoke out his thoughts. Some said it the above lord of Beaumont. Thus passed that day, without any would be a great shame, and very blameable, if the king did not other thing occurring worthy of being recorded. give battle when he saw his enemies so near him, and drawn ap in his own kingdom in battle array, in order to fight with him according to his promise: others said it would exhibit a singular instance of C H A P T E R X L I madness to fight, as they were not certain that some treachery was EIGS OF FRANCE AND NLAND DRAW U THEIR ARMIES I BATTLE not intended; besides, if fortune should be unfavorable, the king ~TBE~~E H~G FFANEADEGAN R~rU TERALwould run a great risk of losing his kingdom, and if he should con. ARRAY AT VIRONFOSSE. quer his enemies, he would not be the nearer to gain possession of WHEN Friday morning was come, the two armies got themselves England, or of the land of the allies. Thus the day passed until near in readiness, and heard mass, each lord among his own people, and twelve o'clock in disputes and debates. About noon a hare was at his own quarters: many took the sacrament and confessed them-. started in the plain, and ran among the French army, who began to selves. We shall speak first of the English order of battle, which make a great shouting and noise, which caused those in rear to imag.was drawn out on the plain, and formed three battalions of infantry. inc the combat was begun in front, and many put on their helmets, They placed their horses and baggage in a small wood behind them, and made ready their swords. Several new knights were made, and fortified it. The first battalion was commanded by the duke especially by the earl of Hainault, who knighted fourteen, and they of Gueldres, the marquis of Nuys, the marquis of Blanckenburg, sir were ever after called knights of the hare. John de Hainault, the earls of Mons and Savines, the lord of Fauque- In this situation the two armies remained all Friday, without mont, sir William du Fort, sir Arnold de Bacqueghen, and the Ger- moving, except as has been mentioned. In the midst of the debates mans. There were twenty-two banners and sixty pennons; and the of the council of the king of France, letters were brought to the king whole consisted of eight thousand good men. from Robert king of Sicily addressed to him and his council. This The second battalion was under the. duke of Brabant, with whom king Robert was, as they said, a very great astrologer and full of deep were the barons and knights of his country. First, the lord of Kus, science; he had often cast the nativities of the kings of France and the lord of Breda, the lord of Berques, the lord of Rodas, the lord of England, and had found, by his astrology and the influence of the Vauselaire, the lord Broguinal, the lord d'Estonnevort, the lord of stars, that, if the king of France fought with the king of England in Wyten, the lord d'Elka, the lord of Cassebegne, the lord of Duffle, person, lie would surely be defeated; in consequence of which, he, sir Thierry de Valcourt, sir Rasse de Gres, sir John de Cassebegne, a a a wise king, and much fearing the danger and peril of his cousin sir Waiter de Hautebergue, the three brothers De Harlebeque, sir the king of France, had sent long before letters, most earnestly to re. John Fitifee, sir Giles de Cotterebe, sir Henry of Flanders, whom we quest Iking Philip and his council never to give battle to the English had before occasion to mention, atd several other barons and knights when king Edward should be there in person. These doubts, and of Flanders, who were under the banner of the duke of Brabant; this letter from the king of Sicily, made many of the lords of Franti that is to say, the lords of Hallain and Guiten, sir Hector Villains, sir sore disheartened, of which the king was informed, who, notwith. John of Rhodes, sir Vaufiart de Guistelles, sir William d'Estrates, standing, was very eager for the combat; but he was so strongly dissir Gossuin de la Muelle, and many more. The duke of Brabant suaded from it, that the day passed quietly, and each man retired to had with him twenty-four banners and eighty pennons; the whole his quarters. amounting to seven thousand men. When the earl of Hainault saw that there was no likelihood of a The third battalion, which was the greatest, was commanded by battle, he departed with all his people, and returned to Quesnoy. The the king of England in person. With him were, his cousin, the king of England, the duke of Brabant, and the other lords, began to earl of Derby, son of the earl of Lancaster, the bishop of Lincoln, prepare for their return, packed up their baggage, and came that Frithe bishop of Durham, the earl of Salisbury, the earls of Northamp- day night to Avesnes, in Hainault, where they took up their quarters, ton and Gloucester, the earl of Suffolk, sir Robert d'Artois, who was and in its neighborhood. The next day the Germans and Brabanters called earl of Richmond, the earl of Hereford, sir Reginald Cobham, took their leave, and returned to their homes. The king of England the lord Percy, the lord Roos, the lord Mowbray, sir Lewis and sir went to Brabant with the duke, his cousin. John Beauchamp, the lord Delaware, the lord Lincoln, the lord Bas- The king of France, the Friday afternoon that the two armies had set, the lord Fitzwalter, sir Walter Manny, sir Hugh Hastings, sir been drawn out in order of battle, retiree to his lodgings, very angry John Lisle, and many others, whom I cannot name. The king that the combat had not taken place; but those of his council told created many knights; among whom was sir John Chandos, whose him he had acted right well, and had valiantly pursued his enemies, numerous acts of prowess are recorded in this book. The king had insomuch that he had driven them out of his kingdom, and the king twenty-eight banners and ninety pennons; and there might be in his of England must make many such expeditions before he could condivision about six thousand men-at-arms, and the same numberof arch- quer the kingdom of France. The next day king Philip gave perers. He had formed on his wing another battalion, under the con- mission for all to depart, dukes, barons, knights, &c., mniost courteously mand of tihe earl of Warwick, the earl of Pembroke, the lord Berkeley, thanking the leaders for having come so well equipped to serve and the lord Molins, and some others, who were on horseback, in order to assist him. Thus ended this great expedition, and every man rerally those that might be thrown into disorder, and to serve as a rear- turned to his own house. The king of France went to St. Omer, and guard. When everything had been thus arranged, and each lord under gave there his principal orders - for public affairs. He dispatched a his proper banner, as had been ordered by the marshals, the kiing great number of men-at-arms into his garrisons, especially to Tournay, mounted an ambling palfrey, and, attended onlyby sir Robert d'Artois, Lisle, and Douay, and to all the towns bordering on the empire. He sir Reginald Cobham, and sir Walter Manny, rode along the line of his sent sir Godemar du Fay to Tournay, and made him governor-genarmy, and right sweetly entreated the lords and their companions, eral and regent of all the country thereabout, and sir Edward de Beanthat they would aid him to preserve his honor, which they all promised. jeu to Mortaigne; and when he had ordered the rest of his business He then returned to his own division, set himself in battle array as to his liking, he drew toward Paris. became him, and ordered that no one should advance before the banners of the marshals. We will now speak of the king of France, as it has been related CHAPTER XLIII. by those who were present. There were eleven score banners, four kings, six dukes, twenty-six earls, upward of five thousand Iknights, SING EDWARD ASSUMES THE ARMS AND TITLE OF KING OF FRANcE. and more than forty thousand common men. With Philip de Valois, WHEN king Edward had departed from La Flamengrie, and arrived king of France, were, the kings of Bohemia, of Navarre, and of Scot- in Brabant, he set out straight for Brussels, whither he was attended land; the dukes of Normandy, Brittany, Burgundy, Bourbon, Lorrain, by the duke of Gueldres, the duke of Juliers, the marquis of Blanck and Athens; the earls of Alenqon (the king's brother,) of Flanders, enburg, the earl of Mons, the lord John of Hainault, the lord of Fau of Hainault, of Blois, of Bar, of Forets, of Foix, of Armagnac, the quemont, and all the barons of the empire, who were allied to him, as earl dauphin of Auvergne, the earls of Longueville, of Estampes, of they wished to consider what was next to be done in this war which Vendbme, of Harcourt, of St. Pol, of Guines, of Boulogne, of R1oussy, they had begun. For greater expedition, they ordered a conference to be holden in the city of Brussels, and invited Jacob yon Artaveld *a Neither Lord Bernersi nor SauVage's edition make mention of this creation of to bhoen ith c ity of Brels array, and broJgao voith him ral ~ssig~hts hot speak of sir John Clhandos as already ar knight-LEn. t tediwocm hte ngetary n ruh ihhmtl CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 37 the councils from the principal towns of Flanders. At this parliament, venge himself on his enemies, and especially on sir John of Hainault, the king of England was advised, by his allies of the empire, to solicit who had done him, as he had been informed, much mischief; such the Flemings to give him their aid and assistance in this war, to chal- as conducting king Edward into the countries of Cambresis and lenge the king of France, to follow king Edward wherever he should Tierache, and burning and destroying all he passed through. He lead them, and in return he would assist them in the recovery of Lisle, wrote therefore to my lord de Beaumont, lord of Bresne, to the vidame Douay and Bethune. The Flemings heard this proposal with pleasure; of Chalons, to the lord John de la Bone,* to the lords John and but they requested of the king, that they might consider of it among Gerald de Loire, ordering them to collect a body of men, and make themselves, and in a short time they would give their answer. The an incursion upon the lands of the lord John of Hainault, and burn king consented, and soon aftr they made this reply: them without delay. These lords obeyed the king's command, and "Beloved sire, you formerly made us a similar request; and we are secretly collected so many, that they amounted to five hundred willing to do everything in reason for you, without prejudice to our armed men, with whom they one morning came before fhe town of honor and faith-but we are pledged by promise on oath, under a Chimay, entered it, and made a large booty; for the inhabitants penalty of two millions of florins, to the apostolical.chamber, not to never imagined the French would advance so far into the country, or act offensively against the king of France in any way, whoever he venture to pass the forest of Tierache: however, they did so, and may be, without forfeiting this stun, and incurring the sentence of they burnt the suburbs of Chimay, and many villages in the neigh. excommunication: but if you will do what we will tell you, you will borhood, indeed almost all the territory of Chimay except its forfind a remedy; which is, that you take the arms of France, quarter tresses. They then retreated to Aubenton, in Tierache, with their them with those of England, and call yourself king of France. We plunder. News and complaints of this were soon brought to sir.will acknowledge your title as good, and we will demnand of you John of Hainault, who at that timrne was at Mons with his nephew, quittance for the above sum, which you will grant us as king of at which he was very angry, and not without cause: the earl was France: thus we shall be absolved, and at liberty to go with you also displeased, for these lands were held under him; but he was wherever you please." silent, and showed not any open design of revenge, upon the kingThe king summoned his council, for he was loth to take the title domn of France. and arms of France, seeing that at present he had not conquered any About the time of this disaster, it happened that some soldiers, part of that kingdom, and it was uncertain whether he ever should: who were garrisoned in Cambray, came to a small fortified house, on the other hand, he was unwilling to lose the aid and assistance of beyond the walls of that town, called Relenques, that belonged to sir the Flenings, who could be of greater service to him than any others John of Hainault, and was guarded by a bastard of his, who might at that period. IH-Ie consulted, therefore, with the lords of the empire, have with him about fifteen men; they attacked it one whole day, but the lord Robert d'Artois, and his most privy councillors, who, after it was valiantly defended. The ditches were frozen over, so that having duly weighed the good and bad, advised him to snake for any one might approach the walls, which those within perceiving, answer to the Flemings, that if they would engage, under their seals, paclked up all they could, and leaving it about midnight, set it on fire. to the agreement of aiding him to carry on the war, he would wil- The next morning, when those friom Cambray returned and saw it lingly comply with their conditions, and would swear to assist them on fire, they destroyed the walls and everything remaining. The in the recovery of Lisle, Douay, and Bethune; to which they willingly bastard and his companions retreated to Valenciennes. It has been consented. A day was fixed for them to meet at Ghent, where the before related how sir Waiter Manny took the castle of" hin-l'Eveque, king and the greater part of the lords of the empire, and in general and placed his brother Giles Manny with a garrison in it. This brother the councils from the different towns in Flanders, assembled. The made many incursions upon those of Cambray, and gave them much above-mentioned proposals and answers were then repeated, sworn to, uneasiness, fo i he was every day skirmishing close up to the barriers. and sealed; and the king of England bore the arms of France, In this state he kept them for some time. quartering them with those of England: he also took the title of king One mniorning very early he set out firom the castle of Thin, with of France from that day forward, and maintaiined it, until he laid it about six score men-at-arms, and came to the barriers at Cambray. aside by a certain agreement, as will be hereafter related in this book. The alarm was so great, that many were fiightened. The garrison At this conference held at Ghent, the lords engaged the summnier armed thernselves as fast as they could, and mounted their horses ensuing to make an active war in France, and promnised to besiege with all haste, hurrying to the gate where the skirmish was, where, the city of Tournay. The Flemings were much rejoiced at this, for finding sir Giles had driven back those of Camibray, he instantly atthey thought they should be strong enough to conquer it; and if it tacked their enemies. Among the Cambresians was a young esquire were once under the protection of the king of England, they could from Gascony, called William Marchant, who came to the field of easily recover Lisle, Douay, Bethune, and all their dependencies, battle mounted on a good steed, his shield hanging on his neck, his which of right belonged to the country of Flanders. The lords and lance in its rest, completely armed, and spurring oni to the combat. the councils were still at Ghent, much wondering why those of the When sir Giles saw him approach, hlie spurred on to meet him most country of Hainault had not come to this conference; but such proper vigorously, and they met lance in hand, without fear of each other. excuses were sent, that the king and the others were satisfied. Sir Giles had his shield pierced through, as well as all the armor near Things remained on this footing, when the lords took their leave, his heart, and the iron passed quite through his body. Thus hefell - and set out for their own country. The king of England went to to the ground. This caused as great disnmaiy to one party as joy to Antwerp; but the queen remained with her train at Ghent, where she the other. The skirmish was very sharp, several were wounded, and was often visited and comforted by Jacob von Artaveld and other many gallant actions perforrned; but at last those of Cambray kept lords and ladies of Ghent. The king left in Flanders the earls of their ground, and drove back their enemies. T'hey returned into Salisbury and of Suffolk, who went to the town of Ypres, which they the town in triumph with the body of sir Giles, whom they immegarrisoned, and thence harassed much those of Lisle and its environs. diately disarmed, and had his wound examined, and most willingly When the king's vessel was ready, he embarked with a niumerous would they have preserved his life; but their wishes were vain, for attendance at Antwerp, and sailed for London, where he arrived he died the next day. They determined to send the body to his two about St. Andrew's day, 1339, and was joyfully received by his sub- brothers, John and Thierry, who were in garrison at Bouchain, in jects, who were anxious for his return. Great complaints were made l'Ostrevant; for, althouglh the country of Hainault was not in a state to him of the ravages which the Normans, Picards, and Spaniards of war, all the frontiers toward France were strictly guarded. They had committed at Southampton; upon which hlie answered, that, ordered a handsome e'offin,t in which they placed the corpse, and whenever it came to his turn, he would make them pay dearly for it directed two monks to carry it to his brothers, who received it with -and he kept his word before the end of that year. much sorrow, and afterwards had it carried to the church of the Cor deliers, at Valenciennes, where it was buried. The two brothers came to the castle of Thin-I'Ev~que, and made a very severe war against the CHAPTER XLIV. Cambresians, in revenge for the loss they had suffered from them. Sir Godemar du Fay at this time commanded for the king ot 7IHE FRENCH DESTROY THE TERRITORIES OF SIR JOHN OF HAINAULT. SrGdmrd a tti iecrmne o h igo E FRENCH sov TE TERRITORIES OF sm JOHN OF NULT France in Tournay arnd the fortresses in its neighborhood; the lord KmN.a PmILIP, after his return to Paris, had disbanded his army; but of Beaujeu, in Mortaigne upon the Scheld; the high steward of Car he had sent strong reinforcements to the navy which he had at sea, cassonne in the town of St. Areand; sir Aimery de Poictiers in under the cnmmand of Quiriel, Bahucet, and Barbenoire. These Douay; the lord Gallois de la Bausrme, the lord of Villars, the three master corsairs had under them a mnumber of Genoese, Normans, marshal of Mirepoix, ard the lord of Marneil, in the city of Cam. Picards, and Bretons, as soldiers, and had done this winter much bray. These knights, as well as the esquires and soldiers, desired danmage to the English: they frequently came near Sandwich, Rye, nothing more ardently than pernission to enter Hainault to pillage Wimchelsen, and Dover, upon the English coast, and were mnuch and destroy it. The bishop of Camnbray, who had retired to Paris, dreaded, for they had upward of sixty thousand soldiers, and none being near the kimmg's person, complained whenever he found a fit durst leave the English ports, for fear of being pillaged and put*to opportninty, of the damage the Hiniamulters had occasioned him, arid death. These seamen had gained considerably for tIme king of Framnce that they h md~lmit and destroyed for him rrmore than any others wouid daring the course of the winter, amnd, in particular, had taken the ship Imave mione, so that thle king at last gave his consent for the soldiem Christopher, richly laden with money and wool, which the English in thi country fi Camnbry to make an invasion, and overrun the country were carrying to Flanders. This vessel had cost the king of England of Hainalt. TIlhen the garrison of Canmbray prepared six hundred a very large sum. When taken by the Normans and others, it was moen-at-armns ft~. this incuarsion, and they sent ommt on a Saturday at pillaged, and all on board put to death. The French afterwards spoke * B * Dle la Bou~e. —.D. Siam~ra~'e and LIo~'~d JBerL~rs. —ED. imuch of this capture, and made great boastings respecting if. t Lard Bernems smys they ordayn. a hore lytto rigimi henorably. aad put h~ The king of France was continually thinmking how he could re- body therein," &~. —En 38 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. nightfall from Cambray those that were ordered for it. At the same hour the high bailiff of Vermandois, who sent to their aid the vidame of those from Male.maison began their march. The two detachments met Chalons, tthe lord of Beaumont, the lord de la Bone, the lord John on the road, and came to the town of IHaspres, which was a large of Loire, and many others. These knights, with their companions. handsome town, though not fortified: nor had the inhabitants any fear, marched into Aubenton, to the amount of full three hundred men-at. for they had never received the smallest notice of war being declared arms. The town was inclosed only by a palisade, which in many against the country. The French, on entering the town, found every places was lately repaired. They had made every preparation to one within doors. Having taken and pillaged what they pleased, they wait for the H-ainaulters and defend the town, which was large, rich, burnt the town so completely, that nothing but the walls remained, and full of draperies. In Haspres there was a priory of black monks, that was dependent The Hainaulters came on a Friday evening, and took up their on that of St. Waas in Arras; the monastery was extensive, and had quarters near Aubenton, whence they considered on what side the large buildings belonging to it, which they also pillaged and burned town was most easily to be taken. The next day they marched to most villainously. They returned to Cambray after this excursion, attack it in three battalions, their banners well arranged in firont, with driving all their booty before them. News of'this was soon carried their cross-bowmen. The earl of Hainault led the first battalion, to Valenciennes, and earl William was informed of it as he was sleep- having under him a multitude of knights and esquires of his own ing in his hotel, called La Salle. He immediately rose, and dressed country. His uncle commanded the second, where there were many himself in great haste, and summoned all the lords that were with men-at-arms. The third was under the lord of' Fauquemonrit, and him: at that time there were not many, only his high steward, sir composed of Germans. Each lord was with his own people, and Gerald de Verchin, sir Henry d'Antoing, sir Henry de Huffulise, sir under his proper banner. The battle began immediately on their Thierry de Walcourt, the lords of Flayon and Potrelles, and some advancing, snd very sharp it was. The cross-bowmnen shot from few attached to his person, for the others were lodged at different within and without, by which many were wounded. The earl and houses, and were not ready as soon as the earl, who, without waiting his battalion caneic to the gate, where there was a severe assault and for them, hastened to the market-place of Valenciennes, and ordered much skirmishing. The vidame of Chalons, who was there, perthe alarm bells to be rung. This awakened all the inhabitants, who formed wonders; and on the spot he made three of his sons knights. made themselves ready as quickly as possible to follow their lord, who did many feats of arms worthy of their new honors: but the who was already out of the town, on horseback, pushing forward earl pressed them so closely, that hlie gained the barriers, and obliged toward Haspres. When he had advanced about a league, he was his opponents to retire within the gate, where the assault continued infiormed that his efbforts were in vain, for the French had retreated. very fierce. Sir John de la Bone* and sir John of Beaumont were He then went to the abbey of Fontenelles, where the lady his mother posted at the gate leading to Chimnay, which was gallantly attacked. resided, who took all possible pains to appease and soften his anger; The French were forced to retire within the gate, for they had tost but hesaid, that for this robbery he would make the kingdom of France their barriers, which the Hainaulters had carried, as well as the shortly pay dear. The lady his mother did all she could to appease bridge. The combat was here renewed with double vigor, for those him, and would most willingly have made excuses for the king of who had entered, mounting upon the gate, flung down upon their France in this disaster; but lie would not listen to them, and said he assailants logs of wood, pots full of lime and plenty of stones, by must consider in what manner he could most speedily revenge him- which those who had not very strong shlields were very much hurt. self, and burn part of the French territories. When he had remained Baldwin of Beaufort, an esquire of Hainault, received there so yiothere some little time, he returned to Valenciennes, and wrote letters lent a blow from a large stone, that his shield was split by it, and his to the knights and prelates, to have their advice what should be done arm broken, which forced him to retire to his quarters; and owing under these circumstances, and to summon them to be at Mons by to this accident, for a long time he could not give any assistance. a fixed day. The attack was pushed on with vigor, and the town defended by the When sir John of Hainault, who was at Beaumont, thinking how garrison with much valor; which was indeed necessary, as their he could best revenge the burning of his land, heard these things, he assailants were many; and, had it not been for the gentlemen who mounted his horse, and came to his nephew, whom he found at La entered Aubenton, it would have soon yielded. However, at length Salle. As soon as the earl perceived him, he came to meet him, the town was taken by force; the palisades, which were only of saying, "Fair uncle, your absencebhas made the French very proud." wood, were broken down. Sir, John of Hainault and his banner Sir John replied, " God be praised i for although I am much vexed first entered the town, with great shouting and noise of men-at-arms. at the loss you have sustained, yet I cannot help being somewhat Then the vidamine of Chalons retired toward the church with some pleased with what has happened; for you now see what return you knights and esquires, where they formed themselves, with displayed have had for the love and assistance you bore to the French: you banners and pennons, to the intent of combating as long as their must now make an incursion upon them on their own grounds." honor demanded; but the lord of Bresne and his banner withdrew " Fix upon the place," said the earl, "and it shall be directly under- in a disorderly manner: for he knew well how much sir John of taken." When the day of the conference, which was to be holden Hainault was enraged against himn, and, if he had him in his power, at Mons, was arrived, all the councils from the different towns, as would not admit of any ransom; so he mounted his steed, and galwell as those of Holland and Zealand, were there. loped off. Many proposals were made; and some of the barons were for send- When sir John of Ilainault found that he who had done so much ing persons properly instructed to the king of France, to demand if damage to his lands atChimay was gone off towardVervins, hepursued he had consented or ordered the invasion and burning of Hainault, him, with part of his company; but the lord of Bresne made greater or had sent his soldiers upon the lands of the earl, and upon what haste, and finding the gate of the town open, rushed in and saved title this had been done, as there had not been any defiance or chal- himself. Sir John had followed him sword in hand; but when he found lenge sent to the earl or to the country. Upon these proposals there that he had escaped, he returned speedily by the great road to Aubieg. was much argument and debating, but it was at last determined, that ton: however, his people meeting those who were following the neither the earl nor the country could get clear of this business with- lord of Bresne, attacked them, and killed a great many. The com!at out declaring war against the kingdom of France, as well for the continued obstinate before the cathedral, and many were killed and burning of the lands of Chimay, as for their outrages committed at wounded. Among the first were the vidame and two of his sons ~ Haspres: it was therefore resolved, that a challenge should be sent nor did any knight or esquire escape death or being made prisoner, to the king of France, and that afterwards they should enter his king- but those who had followed the lord of Bresne. Upward of two dom with a large body of men. thousand menwere taken in the town, which was pillaged of all the These letters of defiance were written and sealed by the earl and riches it contained; many wagons and carts were laden with it and all the barons; and the abbot Thibaut de St. Crispin was ordered to sent to Chimay. The town was afterwards burnt to the ground; and carry them. The earl then returned thanks to all his lords for the the Hainaulteis took up their quarters on the river side. good disposition he saw them in, for they had promised him aid and After the destruction of Aubenton, they marched toward Maubert assistance in every situation. The abbot of St. Crispin carried this Fontaine, which they took on their arrival, for it was defenceless, challenge to the king, who made but light of it, saying that his and then pillaged and burnt it. They did the same to Aubencheul nephew was an outrageous madman, and was bargaining to have his aux Bois, to Signy l'Abbaye, Signy le Petit, and all the villages country burnt and destroyed. The abbot, upon this, returned home, thereabout, amounting to upward of forty. The earl of Hainault; and related to the earl and his council what had happened to him, after this, returned to Mons, where, he dismissed all his bands, aftel with the answers he had received. The earl immediately collected returning them his thanks in so gracious a manner for their assist men-at-arms, summoned all his knights and esquires in Brabant and ance, that they all left him well pleased. He then formed the design Flanders, as well as in his own country, and exerted himself so of passing over to England to amuse himself, and at the same time much, that in a short time he got together a large body of horsemen, form a strict alliance with the king, his brother-in-law, in order to well equipped. They set out from Mons, in Hainault, and that strengthen himself; as he naturally imagined, that what he had done neighborhood, and advanced toward the land of Chimay, for it was would not be taken quietly, but that the king of France, his uncle, the intention of the earl and his uncle to burn and destroy the terri- would make some incursions into his country: for which reason ho tories of the lord of Bresne, as also Aubenton, in Tierache. was anxious to have the support of the English, the Flemings, and the Brabanters, and summoned his council at Mons, to whom he de. shared his intentions. He nominated and appointed his umcle, during C H A P T E R X L V. his absence, sir John of Hainault, governor of the three countries of tHlE EARL OF HAINATTLT TAKES AND DESTROYS AUBENTON, IN TIERACHE. Hainault, Holland and Zealand, and set out with a small company fot TimE inhabitants of the town of Aubenton were much afraid of Dordrecht, where he embarked and sailed over to England.,he earl of Hainaslt and his uncle, and had expressed their alarms to * D. Sauvage's edition reads Bouc; but Lord Berners. in this place. has Bone. —Fx CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c.;9 We shall now leave tho earl, to relate what happened to his coun- i called Geertsberg, between Oudenarde and Tournay, where he halted, try during his absence. Sir John of Hainault, as you have heard, to wait for the two earls, and for those of Franc and Blruges. remained master and governor of the three provinces, by order of When the two earls received the letters, they would not for their the earl, and he was obeyed as if he had been their true lord. He honor's sake make any delay, but sent to inform von Artaveld, that took up his quarters at Mons, which he provisioned and strengthened, they would be with him at the appointed time and place. They as well as all the forts in its neighborhood, especially those on the soon set out from Ypres with about fifty lances and forty cross-bow. frontiers of France, with a sufficient number of men-at-arms. He men, and took the road where he was waiting for them. They consent four knights, the lord of Antoin~, the lord of Waartag, the tinned their route; but, as they were forced to pass near the outskirts lord of Gommegines, and sir Henry Husphalize, to Valenciennes, as of Lisle, it was soon known in that town: accordingly, fifteen counsellors and advisers to the citizens and inhabitants. To Man- hundred horse and foot were secretly armed, and sent out in three beuge, he sent the senesehal of Hainault, sir Gerard de Werthin, divisions to lie in wait, so that these lords might not escape from with a hundred good lances and men-at-arms. To Quesnoy, the them. The earls and their company followed the guidance of sir marshal of Hainault, sir Thierry de Walcourt; and to Landrecy the Vauflart de la Croix, who had long made war upon the people of lord of Potrelles. HIe placed in Bouchain three German knights, Lisle, and still continued so to do whenever he had an opportunity; who were brothers, of the name of Conrad. Sir Gerard de Sassegnes it was for this purpose that he was come to Yprcs. He th'ought was sent to Escaudavore, and the Lord of Fauquenmont to Avesnes: himself quite certain of conducting the earls in safety, as he was all the other fortresses bordering on France were properly strength- well acquainted with all the roads in those parts; and he would have ened. He begged and entreated each captain to be attentive to his succeeded now, if those of Lisle had not thrown up a great trench own honor, and careful of what was intrusted to him, which when near their town, which was not there before. they had all promised, they set out for their different stations. We When sir Vaufiart came to this trench, and saw that their road will now return to the king of France, and speak of the expedition was cut off, he was quite astonished, and said to the earls, " My he was forming to invade and destroy Hainault, of which he made lords, we cannot go further this way, without putting ourselves in the his son, the duke of Normandy, commander. power of those of Lisle; on which account my advice is, that we turn about and seek another road." But the lords replied, "Nay, sir Vauflart, God forbid that we should go out of our way for those of ~~CHAPF~TER XLVI. ~ Lisle! Ride on, therefore, for we have promised Jacob von Artaveld, that we would be with him some time this day." The English rode T=OSEP OF TOURNAY MAK~tE AN iNCURSION INTO FLANDERS. on without care. Sir Vauflart said to them, "It is true, my lords, WHEN the king of France had been informed that the Hainaulters that you have taken me for your guide in this expedition, and I have had burnt the country of Tierache, had killed his knights, and remained with you all this winter at Ypres, and have many thanks destroyed his town of Aubenton, he ordered his son, the dulke of to give you and all your attendants; but if it should happen, that Normandy, to collect a number of forces, make an incursion into those of Lisle make a sally upon us, do not fancy that I shall wait Hainault, and destroy that country in such a manner, that it might for them, for I shall save myself as fast as I can. If by any accident never recover from it. The duke replied, he wouldcheerfully under- I should be taken, my head would pay for it, which is much dearer take this. The king then ordered the count de Lisle, a Gascon, who to me than your company." The lords laughed heartily, and told was at that time near his person at Paris, and whom he much loved, him they would excuse him, if he should do so. And as he imagined, to collect forces, and march toward Gascony, as lieutenant for the so it fell out; for, by not taking more precaution, they were surprised king of France, with the intent of making some severe reprisals upon by one of the parties from Lisle, who cried out, "Stop! stop! you Bordeaux, in the Bourdelois, and upon all the places which held or cannot pass here without our leave:" and immediately the lancemen belonged to the king of England. The count obeyed the king's and cross-bowmen fell on the English. orders, and left Paris for Toulouse, where he made his preparations As soon as sir Vauflart saw what was going on, he took care not to fulfil his commission, as you will see in its proper time and place. to advance further; but turning about as quickly as possible, galloped The king of France sent large reinforcements to the armament he out of danger. The two earls fell into the hands of their enemies, had at sea, and ordered his captains to watch the coast of Flanders and were taken as if in a net; for the ambuscade was placed be. attentively, and upon no account to suffer the king of England to tween hedges and ditches in a very narrow road, so that they conld pass over or land in Flanders; for, if hlie did so by their fault, he neither advance nor retreat to gain the open country; however, would certainly punish them with death. when they saw their mischance, they dismounted, and defdndad When king Philip heard that the Flemings had done honor to the themselves as well as they could, killing and wounding a great many king of England, he sent to them a prelate, as from the pope, to say, of their opponents; but it was all in vain, for fresh forces from that if they would acknowledge him king of France, and abandon Lisle were continually pouring upon them. They were therefore the king of England, who had enchanted them, he would forgive taken prisoners; and a young brisk esquire of Limousin, of the them all their misdoings, release them from the large sum of florins name of Raymond, nephew to pope Clement, was killed for the sake which, by an old obligation, was due to him; and moreover grant of his beautiful aimor, after he had surrendered himself, which made them, under his seal, many profitable franchises in France. The good men angry. The two earls were kept prisoners in the market. Flemings returned for answer, that they held themselves quit and place at Lisle, and aftewards sent to the king of France, who pro. absolved from everything which they owed the king of France. Upon nmised, that those of Lisle should be vwell rewarded for the good this, the king made heavy complaints to to the pope, Clement VI., service they had done him.* When Jacob von Artaveld received who issued so tremendous an excommunication against them, that this information at Geert.berg, hlie was much enraged, and giving up no priest was daring enough to celebrate divine service there. The all thoughts of his expedition, disbanded his Flemings, and himself Flemings made remonstrances on this to the king of England; who, returned to Ghent. to appease them, said, that the first time he should cross the sea, he would bring with him priests from his own country, who should say mass for them, whether the pope would or not, as he had a power C H A P T E R X L V I I. of so doing, and this satisfied them. JOHN, DUKE OF NORtMANDY, MARCHES INTO HAINtULTo When the king, of France saw that he could not make the Flem. lgs retract their opinions, he commanded those in Tournay, Lisle, THE duke of Normandy, eldest son of the king of France, issued a Douay, and the neighboring castles, to make war upon them, and special summons of his intention to be at St. Quentin about Easter, overrun their country. Upon which sir John de Roye, at that time n the year 1340. When he came thither he was attended by the in Tournay, and sir Matthew de Trie, marshl of France, together duke of Athens, the ear! of Flanders, the earl of Auxerre, the earl with sir Godemnar du Fay and many other knights, collected a thou- Raoul of Eu, constable of France, the earl of Sancerre, the earl of sand men, strongly armed and well mounted, with three hundred Porcien, the earl of Roussi, the earl of Bresne, the earl of Grandpr6, cross-bowmen, as well from Tournay as from Lisle and Douay: the lord of Coucy, the lord of Graon, anda multitude of other nobles they set out from Tournay, one evening after supper, and marched from Normandy and the Low Countries. On their being all assem.,o expeditiously, that they came before Courtray about daybreak, bled at St. Quentin and its environs,the constable and the two and before sunrise had collected all the cattle thereabouts. Some marshals of France, sir Robert Bertrand and sir Matthewde Trie, of their light-horse advanced to the gates of the town, and killed numbered them, and found there were six thousand men.at-arms, and and wounded many in the suburbs: they then retreated without eight thousand others armed with brigandines, besides followers of anlounde many inc e the sbrbsvteryso their returnbeatween them and loss, and placed the river Lys, on their return, between them and the army; which were fully sufficient, they said, to combat the earl the booty, which they had carried off that day. They brought into of Haina.lt, or any force he could bring againstthem. They began Tournay, more than ten thousand sheep, and of swine, beeves, and their mach, and took the road to Chlteau.Cambresis, going near to kine, as many more. Bohain; and advanced so forward that, they passed Chateau-Cam. The Flemings were sore vexed at this; and Jacob von Artaveld, bresis, and toolt up their quarters at the town of Montay upon the who was at that time at Ghent, swore that this expedition should be river Selle. revenged on Tournay and its neighborhood. He gave immediate Sir Richard Verchin, seneschal of Hainault, was informed by his orders for the different towns in Flanders to collect forces, and to spies, that the dute had halted at Montay. He asked those knights 3end them to him at a fixed day before Tournay; he also wrote to and esquires, who were with him, if they were willing to follow him' the earls of Salisbury and Suffolk, who w,:re at Ypres, to beg that to which they consented. Accordingly, he set off from his hotel a. they would draw toward that quarter to meet him. He then set out * This is a mistake. It was not the earl of Suffolk who was made prisoner, but 14 from Ghent, accorn.nanied by great numbers, and came to a place son, Robert de Ufford le Fitz, as he was cklled. —DveDaLS. vol. ii. 40 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. Verchin, about sunset, accompanied by about forty lances, and armed with brigandines, and came before Quesnoy, even up to the pushed on till he came to Foretz, at the extremity of Hainault, a barriers: they made a feint as if they intended to attack it but it small league from Montay, when it was dark night. Ie made his was so well provided with men-at-arms and heavy artillery, they company halt in a field to tighten their armor and regirth their horses. would only have lost their pains. Nevertheless they skirmished a He then told them, he should like to give the duke an alert; at little before the barriers; but they were soon forced to retire, for which they were all rejoiced, and said they would stick by him till those of Quesnoy let them hear their cannons' and bombards, which death; ffr which he gave them many thanks. At that time there flung large iron bolts in such a manner, as made the French afraid were with him, sir James du Sart, sir Henry de Phalicse, sir Oulphart for their horses-so they retreated and burnt Grand Wargiy and de Guistelles, sir John and sir Bertrand de Chatelet. Of esquires, Petit Warony, Frelaines, Famars, Martre, Sdmery, and Artre, Sari. there were, Giles and Thierre de Somain, Baldwin de Beaufort, Cole- ten, Turgies, Estinen; and the Hainaulters fled from these towns to brier de Brule, Moreau de l'Escuyer, Sandrat de Stramen, John de Valenciennes. The French afterwards encamped their battalions Rebersat, Bridoul de Thiaux, and many others. They set forward upon the hill of Castres near Valenciennes, where they lived in a in silence, and came to the town of Montay, which they entered, for rich and splendid manner. During their stay there, about two hun. the French had neglected to place guards there. The seneschal and dred lances, commanded by the lord of Craon, the lord of Maulevrier, his companions dismounted at a great hotel, where they thought the the lord of Mathefelon, the lord of Avoir, and some others, went duke was; but he was lodged in another part of the town. In that toward Main and attacked a large square tower, which for a long time hotel were two great lords of Normandy, the lords of Bailleul and of had belonged to John Vernier of Valenciennes, but of late to John BeautY. The door was so6n forced; and when these two knights de Neufville. The assault was sharp and severe, and lasted the saw themselves thus surprised, and heard the cry of Hainault from whole day; nor could they make the French retire before night, althe seneschal, they were quite confounded: they, however, defended though five or six were killed. Those within defended themselves themselves in the best manner they could; but the lord of Bailleul right valiantly, and did not suffer any loss. was killed, and the lord of Beaut6 taken prisoner by the seneschal, A greater number of the French marched to Trie, intending, on to whom he pledged his faith to surrender himself to him within their arrival, to pass over the Scheld; but those of the toxwn had three days at Valenciennes. destroyed the bridge, and defended that passage: nor could the The French then began to be in motion, and to issue from their Fr'ench ever have conquered it, if some among them had not beein quarters: theylighted great fires and torches, awakened every one, acquainted with the fords of the river and the country, who coneven the duke himself, whom they armed as quickly as they could, ducted upward of two hundred men to the foot-bridge at Prouvy. and displayed his banner before his hotel, to which people of all sorts When these had crossed over, they came and fell upon the men of repaired. The Hainaulters wisely retreated to their horses, which Trie, who, being few in number in comparison to them, were not they mounted, and, when they were all collected together, they car. able to resist; so they took to their heels, and many of them were ried. off ten or twelve good prisoners, and returned without the killed and wounded. smallest loss or damage, for it was so dark they were not pursued. The seneschal of Hainault left Valenciennes that day, accompanmed, About daybreak they reached Quesnoy, where they reposed and re. at the utmost, with one hundred men-at-arms, by the gate of Dou. freshed themselves, and then went to Valenciennes. zaing, to succor the inhabitants of Trie, who lie thought would have The next morning the duke of Normandy gave orders for his army enough to do. It happened that a little beyond St. Waast, he met to dislodge and enter Hainault, and burn and destroy everything about twenty-five light-horse of the French, commanded by three without exception. The baggage therefore began to move, and the knights from Poitou-the lord Boucicault, who was afterwards a lords of the advanced guard to proceed forward: they might amount marshal of France, the lord of Surgeres, and sir William Blondel: to two hundred lances, and were commanded by sir Theobald de they had passed over the bridge, very near to Valenciennes, which is Marneil, sir Galltois de la Baume, the lord of Mirepoix, the lord of called the bridge of La Tourelle, and is over the Vincel. When the Raivenal, the lord of Sempy, lord John of Landas, the lord of Han- seneschal perceived them, he stuck spur-s into his horse, and with gest, and the lord of Tramelles. The two marshals followed with his lance overthrew the lord of Boucicault, made him prisoner, amad full five hundred lances; then the duke of Normandy, attended by a sent him to Valenciennes. The lord of Surgeres saved himself by crowd of earls, barons, and other lords. The advanced troops en- flight; but sir William Blondel surrendered himself to sir Henry tered Hainault, and set fire to Fores, Bertrand, Vertigrieulx, Escar- d'Usphalise; and almost all the others were either killed or taken main, Vendegyses-aux-Bois, Vendegyses upon the river Cinel. The prisoners. This done, the seneschal hastened toward Trie; but he next day they advanced further into the country, and burnt Avesnes- was too late, for the French had already conquered it before he le-sec, Villiers-en-Cauchie, Gomegnies, Marchepois, Potel, Ansenoy, came, and were busily employed in pulling down the mills, and Perseaux, le Frasnoit, Andegay, the good town of Bavay, and all the destroying a small castle that was there. As soon as tihe seneschal country as far as the river Honneau. This second day a sharp attack arrived, they had not much leisure for such things, for they were was made on the castle of Verchin, and some skirmishing, by the driven back, killed, and cut down. Some were forced to leap into division commanded by the marshals, but without success, as it was the river Scheld, and many were drowned. Thus was the town of very well defended. The duke took up his quarters for that night Trie liberated. The seneschal afterwards crossed the Scheld, at a upon the Selle, between Hausy and Sausoy. place called Denaing, and rode on with all his company to the castle Sir Valerian, lord of Fauquemont, commanded in Maubeuge, and of Verchin, which he entered in order to defend it, should there be with him were full one hundred lances of Germans and Hainaulters. any occasion. As soon as he was informed of this incursion of the French, and how The duke of Normandy still remained upon the hill of Castres, his they were burning the country, and had heard the poor people lament army drawn out, the greater part of the day; for he thought that and bewail their losses, he put on his armor, and ordered his people those of Valenciennes would come out and give him battle. This to get themselves in readiness. He gave up the command of the they would willingly have done, if sir Henry d'Antoing, who con. town to the lords of Beaurevoir and Montigny, and told his corn- manded in the town, had not prevented them. He posted himself panions that he had a great desire to meet the French. He was on at the gate that leads to Cambray, and had much pain and trouble to horseback all that day, and rode along the borders of the forest of hinder them from going out. John de Vassey, provost of the town, Morinaulx. Toward evening he heard, that the duke of Normandy who was there with him, appeased them as well as he could, and and all his host were lodged on the banks of the Selle; upon which gave them such good reasons for their remaining quiet, that at last he said he would awaken them, and rode on that evening, and about they were satisfied. When the duke of Normandy had staid for a midnight he and his company forded the river. When they had all considerable time on the hill, and saw that no one made any attempt passed, they regirthed their horses, and set themselves to rights, and to come out of Valenciennes to fight with him, he sent the duke of advanced in silence to the quarters of the duke. When they were Athens, the marshals of France, the earl of Auxerre, and the lord near, they spurred on their horses, and at one rush drove into the of Chastillon, with about three hundred lances, well mounted, to middle of the duke's host, crying out, "Fauquemont!" They laid skirmish close to the town. They advanced in good order, and came well about them, cutting down tents and pavilions, and killing or to that side of it opposite to the Tourelle at Gogueb, and even to wounding allwhom they met. The army then, being roused, armed the very barriers; but they did not stay long, as they were afraid as quickly as they could, and drew near to where the bustle was; of the shot hurting their horses. The lord of Chastillon, however, but the lord of Fauquemont, seeing that it was time, collected his advanced so forward, that his horse was hit, fell under him, and he people, and retreated most handsomely. Of the French, there was was obliged to mount another. This detachment then changed its killed the lord of Requigny from Picardy. The viscount du Quesnes, course, and went toward the marshes, where they burnt and deand Rouvroy with one eye, were made prisoners; and sir Anthony stroyed all the mills upon the river Vincel: they then made a circuit de Coudun was severely wounded. When the lord of Fauquemont behind the Carthusian convent, and returned to their army. Some saw nothing more could be done, he set off with all his peofple, and stragglers, however, remained behind at Les Marles, to forage more seemsed the Selle without hindrance, for he was not pursued. They at their ease. When those who were guarding a neighboring town, rode easily forward, and came to Quesnoy about sunrise, when the which belonged to the heirs of Hainault, (though formerly to sir quartermaster-general, sir Thierry de Walcourt, opened the gates to Robert de Namur, by the lady Isabella his wife,) perceived them, them. The duke of Normanmdy ordered his trumpets to-:sound the next * It ham generally been supposed, that cannons were first used at the battle of Crecy. morning at daybreak, for his army to prepare themselves, and to cross four years later: but as the same words are expressed in all my copies of Froissart. the Selbe, and advance further into Hainault. The marshal of IMire- whether printed or in manuscript, I cannot but believe they were employed when he poix, the lord of Noysieres, sir Gallois do Ia Baume, and sir Thibault mentions it. It is most probable, that artillery was first used in the defence of towns; and Edward, seeing the advantage that could be derived from cannons, employed them ~de Marneil, advanced first with four hundred lances, besides thos at the battle of Crecy. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &e. 41 a d that the main body had retreated, they issued out of the town, captain, that they discomfited them. Few escaped death, or being attacked them, killed one-half, took all their forage, and re6ntered made prisoners. The pillage was recovered and brought back with it without any loss. the prisoners to Landrecy, as was the dead body of the lord of Po. The army remained in battle array upon the mount of Castres trelles. until the afternoon, when the scouts returned from all sides. There After the death of the lord of Potrelles, the lord of Floron com. was then a great council held; the chiefs said, that, everything con- manded in Landrecy and its dependencies for a long time. IHe made sidered, they were not in sufficient force to attaclk so large a town as frequent excursions upon those of Male-maison, Chateau.-Cambresis, Valenciennes; and it was at last finally determined, that they should and other places on the frontiers. The Hainaulters did so one day, retire to Cambray. They set out, therefore, and came to Main and and the French returned the compliment the next; of course many Fontenelles, where they took up their quarters for that night, and mortal combats happened. The country of Cambresis was in great kept a strong watch. The next day they marched away; but burnt tribulation, for one-half of it was burnt or destroyed; the duke ot Main and Fontenelles, and also the convent which belonged to ma- Normandy was still on the frontiers, and it was not known what his dame de Valois, sister-german to the king of France. The duke next intentions were; nor had they any news of the earl of Hainault. was much vexed at this, and had those who set it on fire hanged. Iin True it is that he had been in England, where he was most honortheir retreat, they completed the burning of the town of Trie and its ably entertained by the king and barons, and had made a strong castle; the mills were also destroyed. Prouvy, Romminency, Thyan, alliance with the king. He had left England, and gone into Ger. Moncheau, and all the flat country between Cambray and Valen. many, to the emperor Lewis of Bavaria, wlich was the reason oe ciennes, suffered in the same manner. The duke this day came his long absence. On the other hand, the lord John of Hainault before Escaudoure, a strong and good castle, belonging to thile earl was in Brabant and Flanders, and had remonstrated with the duke of Hainault, situate -upon the Scheld, which had been of great an- and Jacob von Artaveld, upon the desolation of Hainault, and ennoyance to Cambray. When the duke had been only six days before treated them on the part of his countrymen that they would give it, the governor, sir Gerard de Sassegines, who before this had never them aid and advice. They replied, that the absence of the earl been reproached for anything, nor can I say by what means he was could not be much longer; and the moment he returned, they would bewildered to do so, surrendered it undamaged, to the great surprise be ready equipped to follow him, wherever he should choose to lead of all the country, who strongly suspected both the governor and his them. esquire, named Robert Marinaux, of treason. They were taken, inculpated, and both died afterwards in a miserable manner at Mons, in Hainault. The inhabitants of Cambray demolished this castle of Escaudoure, and carried the stone into their town, to repair their THE DUKE OF NORMANDY LAYS SIEG-E TO THIN-L.'EvEQIE. own dwellings and fortifications. DuRING the time the duke of Normandy lay in Cambray, the bishop and the& inhabitants of that place informed him, that the Hainaulters ~CHAPTER XLVIC~II. ~ had taken by assault the strong castle of Thin; and they entreated him, out of love and honor, and by his regard to the country, that THE GARRISON OF DOUAY tAKtES AN INCURSION INTO OSTREVANT, DURING he would use his endeavors to regain it, as the garrison was a great THE ABSENCE OF THE EARL OF tAIiNAULT IN ENGLAND AND IN GERIANY. annoyance to all the neighborhood. The duke thea sent a flesh AFTER the destruction of the castle of Escaudoure, duke John of summons to his army, and got together a number of lords and menNormandy retired to Cambray, dismissed the greater part of his at-arms, who were in Artois and Vermandois, and who had been army, and sent the rest to the co:stle of Douay, and to the other for- with him in his former excursion. He set out from Cambray with tresses in the neighborhood. This week the garrison of Douay, in all his host, and took up his quarters before Thin upon the river conjunction with those of Lisle, made a sally, in number about three Scheld, in those fine meadows nearly opposite to Ostrevant, ordering hundred lances: they were commanded by sir Lewis of Savoy, the many large engines to be brought firom Cambray and Douay. Among earl of Geneva, the earl of Villars, sir Gallois de ta Banume, the lord these were six of an immense size, which the duke had pointed C thes foere sis andimne ie which flnghge stones hpintoetdaan of Waurain, and tile lord of Vasiers; they burnt in Hainault all that against the fortress, and which flung huge stones into it day and fine country of Ostrevant; so that nothing remained but the fortresses. iight, beating down the roofs and the tops of the towers; so that it When those of Bouchiin saw all this fire and smolte round about was not safe to remain in the chambers, and the people were obliged them, they were in a violent rage; the more so, as theywere unable to talte refuge in the vaults. to prevent it; but they sent messengers to Valenciennes, to let them This attack was severely felt, and none ever suffered more for know what was going forward, and to inform them, that if in the their honor than this garrison. The captains, upon whom fell all the night-time they would sally out with five or six hundred lances, they weight and trouble, were sir Richard Limousin, an Englishman, and might attack the French to great advantage, who were lying at their two esquires of Hainault, John and Thierry, brothers to sir Walter ease in the flat country. But those of Valenciennes were not of the Manny. They encouraged their companions, by saying, "Gallant same opinion, and would not leave their town; so the French made gentlemen, the earl of Hainault will surely conie in a few days, and a great booty, and burnt the town of Anich,' one-half of Escoux, Es- attack the French, to deliver us honorably out of our danger, and caudaing, Erin, Montigny, Santain, Varlain, Vargny, Ambreticourt, will give us his warmest thanks for having so boldly defended ourLaurche, Sauch, Roelt, Neufville, Lieu St. Amand, and all the villages selves." The besiegers by their engines flung dead horses and other which were in that country. Theqy carried off with them immense carrion into the castle, to poison the garrison by their smell; and wealth. When this detachment had retreated to Douay, those of this distressed it more than anything else, for the air was as hot as in Bouchain marched out, and burnt the other lalf of Escoux, which the middle of the summer: they therefore having considered their belonged to the French, and the French villages, even to the gates situation, and that they could not long hold out, from the horrible of Douay, and the town of Esquerchin. stench, proposed a treaty for a truoe to last fifteen days, during which I have befbre mentioned that all the towns on the firontier were time they would let sir John of Hainault, who was regent and go well garrisoned; so that there were frequent skirmiishings between vernor of the country, be informed of their distress, and, if they the two parties, and many gallant deeds performed. It chanced, were not then relieved, they would surrender the place. This treaty about this time, that there were some German soldiers, whom the was accepted, which gave great comfort to those within the castle bishop of Cainbray had stationed at Male-maison, two leagues dis- The garrison sent off an esquire, named Estralart de Sommain, taut from Chateau-Cambresis, arid bordering on the other side of according to the terms of the treaty, who came to Mons, in IHainault, Landrecy, where the lord of Potrelles, a Hainaulter, commanded; where he found the lord of Beaumont, who had had intelligence for the earl of Blois, altiough lord of it, had surrendered it to the fri'om his nephew, the earl of Hainault, that he was returning to his earl of Hainault, at the time he was attached to the French interest, own country, after having been in Germany, where he had made and the earl had kept possession of it. There were frequent quarrels alliances with the emperor and other lords of the empire, who were between the Germans of Male-maison and those of Landrecy, who friendly to the king of England. often came well mounted and armed up to the walls of the town. One The lord of Beaumont assured the esquire Estralart de Sommain, day, as they sallied forth to make an excursion and collect pillage, that the garrison of Thin should shortly be relieved, but that his news of it was brought to the lord of Potrelles, in Landrecy, who nephew must first return. Before *his truce expired the earl arrived Unmediately armed lim-rself and his companions, and mounted his in Hainault, which caused great joy to the inhabitants, as he had horse to recapture the booty. The lord of Potrelles was followed been impatiently wished for. The lord of Beaumont related to him by his men as fast as thley could. He fixed his spear in the rest, and all that had passed since his departure, and with what a powerful cried out to the French to turn about, as it was a disgrace to them army the duke of Normandy had invaded his territories, burning and to run away. Among them was a gallant esquire, named Albert of destroying all his villages and lands, as far as Valencieannes, except Cologne, who, being ashamed of this flight, instantly turned back, the fortresses. The earl answered, that he would have ample amends, and couching his lance, spurred his horse violently against the lord mad the kingdom of France was sufficiently extensive, to make him of Potrelles, who struck him such a blow on the shield, that his lance fell satisfactiom for all these ill deeds; but, first of all, he was anxious was shivered to pieces; but the German esquire hit him so strongly to go toward Thin-l'Evfique, to the relief of those good men, who with a firm spear, which broke not, but pierced through the plates had so loyally and so honorably defended it; he issued therefore his of his shield, and even his armor, passing straight to his heart, that commissions, and sent letters of entreaty tohis good friend Jacob he knocked him off his horse, wounded to death; which when his von Artaveld, in Flandems, to the dukes of Gueldres and Juliers, and brother Hainaulters, the lord of Bansiers, sir Gerard, and sir John others ii Germany, and wemt himself to Valenciennes with a large Mastin, saw, sad the rest who had come out of Landrecy with him, 5"Bretherne to thesle of.N'ams...-Lord Berners and B. Sauvage; but see chapts~ they attacked the French so roughly, in revenge for the loss of their 4. where they are spoken of as brothers to sir Giles Manny. —ED. 842 a -CHRONICLIUdS OF ENGLAND, FRANCEI, SPAIN, &c. body of men-at-arms, knights, and esquires of his own country. His The greater part of the lords agreed to this opinion. But the ear] forces increased every day; and he set off with a grand army of tents, of Hainauk was much dissatisfied, and thought his honor would suf. pavilions, and other ordinances and provisions, and encamped at Nans, fer, should the French retire without an action. He begged and upon the fine meadows and plains along the banks of the Scheld. entreated of them, and of all the barons in general, that they would Of the lords of Hainault, there were, sir John c:f Hainault, the not leave him, but consent to his wishes. After this the council lord d'Anghien, the lord of Verchin, the seneschal of Hainauit, the broke up, and each returned to his quarters. Those from Brussels lord of Antoing, the lord of Barbenson, the lord of Lens, sir William and Louvain would very cheerfully have returned home, for they de Bailleul, the lord of Havereth, governor of Mons, the lord of were so worn down with fatigue, they could scarce support themu. Montegny, the lord of Barbais, sir Thierry de Walcourt, marshal of selves; and they frequently complained to their captains, that they Hainault, the lords of Alnmede and of Gommegines, the lord of Briseul, remained at a great expense and did nothing. When the earl found the lord of Roisin, the lord of Trasegmes, the lord of Lalain, the that the council differed in opinion, and were not unanimous to cross lords of Mastiii, Sara, Vargny, Beaurieu, and many others, who en- the Scheld and fight the French, he called his uncle to him, and camped themselves near to thile earl, their lord. Soon after the earl I said, " Dear uncle, will you take a ride along the river side, and of Namur arrived, handsomely attended by two hundred lances, and call to you some man of honor from the French army, and tell him posted himrnself upon the river Scheld, adjoining the army of the earl. from me, that I will throw a bridge over the river; that I am willing The duke of Brabant came next with six hundred lances; and then and sager to fight at all events; but I ask a truce for three days to the duke of Gueldres, the earl of Mons, the lord of Fauquemont, sir build it." Arnold of Bacqueghen, and many other lords and men-at-arms from The lord of Beaumont, seeing the eagerness of his nephew, conk Germany and Westphalia, who encamped themselves upon the river plied with his request, went home to prepare himself, and rode along Scheld near each other, and opposite to the French. They were the banks of the Scheld, accompanied with two other knights, the plentifully supplied with provision from lainault, and from the ad- lord of' Fagnoelez and sir Florens de Beaurieu, with his pennon alone jacent countries. borne before him. Perceiving on the opposite bank a knight from When these lords had thus encamped themselves upon the Scheld Normandy, whom he knew by his arm.; he called to him —" My between Nans and Illois, as just related, the duke of Normandy, who lord of Marbuisson, nmy lord of Marbuisson, I wish to speak to you." was onr, the opposite bank, and with him a great number of other The knight, who knew him, stopped his horse, and asked what were gallant men-at-arms, sent to'inform the king of France, his father, his commands. " I shall beg of you," said the earl of Beaumont, that the army of the earl was increasing every day. The king, who "to have the kindness to go to the king of France and to his coun. was at that time at Peronne, in the Vermandois, where he had been cil, and say, that the earl of Hainault has sent me to ask a truce for for six weeks with a great many nobles, issued out his special orders the time necessary to throw a bridge over this river, in order that for raising a large body of men, and sent upward of twelve hundred our armies may pass. You will bring me here the answer, and I good lances to the army of his son, and soon followed after hiimself will wait for you." " By my faith, that I will cheerfully do," said as a simple solder, for lie could not enter the empire with the comn- the knight: when, sticking spurs into his horse, he galloped up to mand of an army without breakilng his oath, which made him act the king's tent, where the duke of Normandy and a great many of thus. The duke was appointed chief' of this enterprise; neverthe- the nobility were. He related his message, and had shortly this less nothing was done without the approbation of the king. When answer-" My lord of Maubuisson, you will tell him who has sent the garrison of Thin-l'Evque saw the earl of H-ainault arrive with you hither, that it is our intention to keep the earl of Hainault in the so powerful an army, they were, as may be thought, mightily rejoiced. same state in which hie is at present; and we will make him mortThe fourth day after they had been there, those of Valenciennes gage his lands; for.he shall be attacked on all sides, and, whenever came with a handsome body of men, led by John Boissy, who at we please, we will enter so far into his country, that we will burn that time was provost of the town. They were immediately ordered the whole of it." The lord of Maubuisson brought back this answer, out to skirmish with the French upon the Scheld, to examine their word for word, to the lord of Beaumont, who was waiting for him forces, and to show themselves to the garrison. Many different on the bank. He thanked him for the trouble he had given him, skirmishes passed between each armny, in which numbers were killed and returned to the earl of Hainault, whom hlie found playing at chess and wounded. Sir Richard Limosinm and his companions in Thin- with the earl of Namur. As soon as he saw his uncle, he rose up, l'Ev6que, perceiving them warmly engaged, quitted the castle and and asked what news he had brought him. "Sir," said sir John, embarked on the Scheld in boats, which hatd been prepared for them, "from what I see, the lking of France takes much pleasure in making and passed over to the opposite shore; they were carried to the earl you keep up such forces at so great an expense, and declares he will of Hainault, who received themn most joyfully and honorably, for the make you expend and mortgage all your lands; and whenever it good services they had done him; and for their sufferings in the shall be his pleasure, and not yours, he will fight you." The earl castle. VWhile these two armies were thus encamped upon the was much angered at this, and swore it should be otherwise. Seheld, the French on the side of France, and the Hainaulters near their own country, the foragers of each side scoured the country; but they never met, for the rivwr was between them: the French, howC HAP T ER L. ever, burnt that part of Ostrevant which had escaped before, as did those of Hainault that of Cambray. TIE NAVAL ENGACGEMENT BETWEEN THE KING OF ENGLAND AND THE those of Hainault that of Cambray. Jacob von Artavwld came to the assistance of the earl of Hainault, FRENCH BEFORE SLUvS. according to his request, with upward of sixty thousand Flemings, WE will now leave the duke of Normandy and the earl of Hain.. all well armned, and posted himself' strongly opposite to the French. ault, and speak of the king of England, who had embarked for Immediately after their arrival, the earl sent his heralds to his cousin Flanders, in order to go to Hainault to-assist his brother-in-law in the duke of Normindy, to say that he was ready for battle, and that his war against France. He and his whole navy sailed from the it would be a very great shame, if such fine armies should separate Thames the day before the eve of St. John the Baptist, 1340, and without an engagement. The duke gave the herald for answer, that made straight for Sluys. Sir Hugh Quiriel, sir Peter Bahucet, and he would summon his council, and consider of it. This council Barbenoire, were at that time lying between Blanckenburgh and lasted so long that the herald returned without any answer. Three Sluys with upward of one hundred and twenty large vessels, withdays afterwards the earl sent again to the duke, to know positively what out counting others: these were manned with about forty thousand his intentions and those of his army were. The duke replied that hlie men, Genoese and Picards, including mariners. By the orders of had not yet finally determined upon fighting, and could not therefore the king ofFrance, they were there at anchor, waiting the return of fix a day, addinig,, moreover,.that the earl was too hasty. When this the king of England, to dispute his passage. was told to the earl, he looked upon it only as an excuse for delay; When the king's fleet was almnost got to Slmys, they saw so many he therefore sent for all the commanders of his army, explained to masts standing before it, that they looked like a wood. The king them his intentions and wishes, and also the answers he had received, asked the commander of his ship what they could be, who answered, and desired to have their opinions upon the subject. They looked that he imagined they must be that armament of Normans, which at each other: at last the duke of Brabant, who was the principal the king of France kept at sea, and which had so frequently done commander, spoke for all, and said, that he objected to throwing a him much damage, had burnt his good town of Southampton, and bridge over the Scheld and fighting the French, fcor, to his certain taken his large ship the Christopher. The king replied, "I have for knowledge, the king of England would' very soon pass the sea, in a long time wished to meet with them, and now, please God and order to besiege Tournay; and he had promised him, upon his faith St. George, we will fight them; for, in truth, they have done me so and love: to give him every aid and assistance in that enterprise. much mischief, that I will be revenged on them, if it be possible." "' Now,' added he, "if we fight the French, and should be unfortu- The king drew up all his vessels, placing the strongest in the front, sate, he cannot have that succor he expects from us; anid, should it and on the wings his archers. Between every two vessels with be otherwise, he will not give us Tmuch thanks; it is therefore my arlchers, there was one of men-at-.arms.. He stationed some detached opinion that, as he is the chief of the war, we should never engag e vessels as a reserve, full of archers, to assist and help such as might with the forces of France, but when the hing of England is present. be damaged. There were in thais fleet a great many ladies from Now when we shall be before Tourney, and he thiere with us, it England, countesses, baronesses, and' knights' and gentlemen's would give me much uneasiness that the Fench Ihing and his army wives, who were going to attend on the queen it Ghent: these the should depart without a battle; I therefore advise, dear son, that you king had guarded most carefully by three hundred men-at-arms and decamp ("onr this place, where you stay at a very heavy expense, five hundred archers. Wlhen the king of England and his marshals and that' ll should return homneward, for within these ten days we had properly divided the fleet, they hoisted their sails to have the ahMh. heat' rom the king of England." wind on their quarter, as the sun shone full in their faces, which CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 4s they cansidered might be of disadvantage to them, and stretched out CHAPTER LI. a little, so that at last they got the wind as they wished. The Normans, who saw them tack, could not help wondering why they did ROBERT, KING OF SICILY, ENDEAVORS TO MAKE PEACE BETWrUN THR so, and said they took good care to turn about, for they were afraid KINGS OF FRANCE AND ENGLAND. of meddling with them: they perceived, however, by his banner, WHIEN king Philip of France heard of the defeat of his fleet, ana that the king was on board, which gave them great joy, as they were that the king of England was quietly landed in Flanders, he was much eager to fight with him; so they put their vessels in proper order, enraged; but as he could not amend it, he immediately decamped, for they were expert and gallant men on the seas. They filled the and retreated toward Arras. He dismissed the greater part of his Christopher, the large ship which they had taken the year before army, until he should receive other news: but he sent sir Godernar from the English, with trumpets and other warlike instruments, and du Fay to Tournay, to advise them in any difficulties, and to see ordered her to fall upon the English. The battle then began very that the city was well provided, for he was more in fear of the fiercely; archers and cross.bowmen shot with all their might at each Flemings than of any other people. He placed the lord of Bea'-jcu other, and the men-at-arms engaged hand to hand: in order to be in Mortalgne, to guard the frontiers toward Hainault, and sent strong more successful, they had large grapnels, and iron hooks with chains, bodies of men-at.-arms to St. Omer, Aire, and St. Venant; he also which they flung from ship to ship, to moor them to each other. formed sufficient magazines in the countries bordering upon Flanders. There w,re many valiant deeds performed, many prisoners made, At this time Sicily was governed by a Mong named Robert, who was and many rescues. The Christopher, which led the van, was recap- much renowned as a great astrologer; he had prohihited the king of turedl by the English, and all in her taken or killed. There were France and his council from ever engaging the English when com. then great shouts and cries, and the English manned her again with m::oded by their king, for in such cases he was ever to be unforarchers, and sent her to fight against the Genoese. tunate. This king was very desirous of bringing about a reconciliThis battle was very murderous and horrible. Combats at sea are ation between those of France and England, being so strongly more destructive and obstinate than upon the land, for it is not pos- attached to the crown of France, that he would have been much sible to retreat or flee-every one must abide his fortune, and exert hurt at any calamity which might have impaired its lustre. The his prowess and valor. Sir IHugh Quiriel and his companions were above-mentioned king went to Avignon to represent to pope Clement, bold and determined men, had done much mischief to the English and his college of cardinals, the great evils which might befal the at sea, and destroyed many of their ships; this combat, therefore, realm of France from the quarrels of the two kings, and entreat of lasted from early in the morning until noon, and the English were them to undertake the part of mediators in appeasing this disastrous hard pressed, for their enemies were four to one, and the greater war. The pope and the college replied, they would very willingly part mien who had been used to the sea. The king, who was in the do their best endeavors, provided the two kings would listen to them. flower of his youth, showed himself on that day a gallant knight, as did the earis of Derby, Pembroke, He-Icreford, Huntingdon, Northamptori# and Glioucester; the lord Reginald Cobham, lord Felton, lord CHAPTER III. Bradest-n, sir Richa:rd Stafford, the lord Percy, sir Waltdr Manny, sir Henry de Flanders, sir John Beauchamp, sir John Chandos, the THE RING OF ENGLAND AND HIS ALLIES HOLD A CONFERENCE AT lord Delaw-:re, Lucie lord Malton, and the lord Robert d'Artois, now VILVORDE. called earl of' Richmond. I cannot remember all the names of those THE conference holden at Vilvorde was attended by the following who behaved so valiantly in the combat: but they did so well, that, personages: first, the king of England, the duke of Brabant, the with some assistance from Bruges, and those parts of the country, earl of Hainault and his uncle, the duke of Gueldres, the earl of the French were coumpletely defeated, and all the Normans and the Juliers, the marquis of Blanckenberg, the marquis of Nuys, the earl othlers killed or drowned, so that not one of them escaped. This of Mons, the lord Robert d'Artois, the lord of Fauquemont, the lord was soon known all over Flanders; and when it came to the two William de Dunort, the earl of Namur, Jacob von Artaveld, and armies before Thirn-l'Evoque, the Hainaulters were as much rejoiced many other lords. Three or four men were sent by each of the prin. as their enenlies were dismayed. cipal towns in Flanders, Hainault, and Brabant, by way of council After the king had gained this victory, which was on the eve of from them. The three countries of Flanders, Brabant, and Hainault,;St. John's day, lihe remnained all tha' night on board of his ship before there entered into a treaty, that thenceforward they would succor and Slays, and there were great noises with trumpets and all kinds of other assist each other in every possible case; they then formed an alliance, instruments. Thile Fleminigs came to wailt on him, having heard of with covenants, that if either of the three were attacked by any one his arrival, and what deeds he hilad performed. The king inquired of whatever, the other two should immediately come to his assistance; the citizens of Bluges after Jacob v:on Artaveld, and they told him he and if at any future period two of them should quarrel, then the third was gone to the aid of the earl of Hainault with upward of sixty thou- should settle the matters of difference between them; and if he sand Imen, against the duke of Nolrmani dy. On the morrow, which should not be in sufficient force so to do, that then it should be laid was MIidsummer-day, the king and his fleet entered the port. As before the king of England, in whose hands these covenants had soon as they were landed, thle king, attended by crowds of knights, been declared, and sworn to be duly maintained, as the power that set out on foot on a pilgrimagi e to our Lady of Ardembourg, where he should at last make peace between them. Many statutes were then heard inas and dined. Ie then mounted his horse, and went that sworn and agreed to, which afterwards turned out ill. But for a day to GClIent, where the queen was, who received him with great further confirmation of their love and firiendship, they ordered coins joy and kindlness. The arm-y and baggage, with tile attendants of' to be struck, that should be current in these three countries, which tile kian,. fllowed him by degrees to the sanme place. were styled companions or allies. It was there also determined, The killg had sent. notice of' his airrival to the lords that were that the king of England should put himself in motion about Magbefore Thin-l'vique opposilg the French, who, as soon as they dalen tide, and lay siege to the city of Tournay; and all the lords helard of it, and of his victory over the Normuans,. broke up their present promised to be there, as well as tile forces firom the princaiip. Thle earl of Hflainsault disbanded all his troops, except the prin- cipal towns: they then set off for their homes, to get ready and pie cipa1 lords, whonml i he carried with himn to Valenciennes, and treated pare themselves properly for the business. moJst nobly, eapecially the duke of Brabant and Jacob von Artaveld. Jacob von Artaveld, in the full lmarket-place, explained the rigiht king Edwxard had to the crownl of France to all those lords that chose to hear CHAPTER LIII. him, anld of what importance it was to the three countries,that is to say, Flanlders, B131abant lnd Hfaiiault, xhen closely united. He spoke so THE KING OF ENGLAND BESIEGES THE CITY OF TOURNAY WITH A clearly, and with so much eloqluence, that he was praised by all, TOWERFIL ARMY. who agreed that he was worthy to exercise the dignity of earl of KING PHILIP, soon after the departure of these lords, was informed Flanders.* These lords then took their leave, and agreed to meet of all that had passed, and what resolutions had been entered into in eight days' time at Ghent, to see the kin1g. He received themi at this conference, andl how king Edward was to comie to Tournay; all milost collteously; as did tile queen, who was but lately recovered he therefore determined to provide it so well with ammunition, &c., frors lyvi g-in of a son, called John, afterwards duke of Lancaster, and with so many good knights, that the city should be well served in the right of his wife, the lady Blanche, daughter of Henry duke and well advised. He sent directly to the city of Tournay the flower of Lalcaster. A day of conference was then appointed to be held of his chivalry; the earl Raoul of Eu, constable of France, the young at V'iivorde. earl of Guines, his son, the earl of Foix, and his brothers, the earl of Aymery and Narbonne, the lord Aymery of Poitiers, the lord Geoffry T here is soie difierence hetweeti this passage and the corresponding French of ). of Chargay, the lord Gerard of Montfaucon, his two marshals, the auvie's ediition; nil s t Lorad Heniers his transtated it almost verbatin, his version lord Robert Bertrand and lord Matthew de Trie, tile lord of Caienx1 ksuboeined: "Anid then Jaiqlies a.tuell openly, and in the market-place, in the seneschal of Poitou, the lord of Chatillon, and sir John of Landas, pirsrenca of tll tie lairor as and of ahi"seth as sswaid tiere hyim, declared what right the'ho had with them many knights and esquires renoowned in arms kyiig of EngIall die hid to the crown ow' attrace, snd also what puyssaieice the three countrceis were o[' PFla ders, fIeyvlt~talt a~nd ~Brabanfitl surely' joined~ in one slyantle. AJld insuls ISstaleat Foater Hasii ist iisd L sTrle yeleg llntteeatscae.Aidtheekigeenreatetofhemhatrlthteythattheypouldpay smmuc he anyde~ so y his greit wysdoiae lid plesint worrdes, that all people that hiarde hym care and attention to Tournay, that nothing unfortunate might hap9rsyel imn roiie ride sunyld iowe he iad iobly spoken, 1nd by great experyeee. pen, which they all promised him. They took leave of the king of Anitd thas he "'as greatly prillsel, niid it ails sayd yt tie was well worthy to goeierse France, left Arras, and arrived at Tournay, where they fosnd sir gie coiratie of Fluiiders." ThFlis aethili miii Ilere ofiits eterhising the diaite ef Earl Godesar du Fay, *who had been sent thither before them. He red,.)'riadrs, ai ei'essriOln w'hicih would seeii to iiipiy an intention of iivelting him with thi title. —l'si ceived them joyfully, as did those of the town; and, after having 14 C IRON ICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. well examined the purveyances which were there, as well of artillery and wounded on both sides; and the Flemings exerted themselves as of provision, they ordered great quantities of corn, oats, and other to conquer or damage Tournay, so much had this war irritated them, articles of food, to be brought into it from the country round about, and they say there is never any discord so bitter, as that between so that the city was in a good state to hold out for a long time. neighbors and friends. To return to the king of Engliand, who, when the time for being be- Among these attacks there was one which lasted a whole day; fore Tournay approached, and the corn was nearly ripe, set out from much valor was shown, for all the knights that were in Tour;lay Ghent, accompanied by seven earls from his own country, two pre- were present. It was intended, by means of boats and other ma. lates, twenty-eight bannerets, two hundred knights, four thousand chines, to have forced and broken the barriers of the bridge; but men-at-arms, and nine thousand archers, without counting the foot they were so gallantly defended, that the Flemings made no impres. soldiers. He passed through the town of Oudenarde, crossed the sion, but lost a vessel in which there were one hundred and twenty Scheld, and encamped before Tournay, near St. Martin's gate, on the men, who were drowned; so they retreated toward evening, sorely road to Lisle and Douay. Soon after came his cousin, the duke of tired. During this siege some soldiers made an excursion from St. Bryal'nt, with upward of twenty thousand men, knights and esquires, Amand, where there was a strong body, and came to Hasnon, which and the companies from the different towns, The Brabanters were belonged to Hainault, burnt the town, violated the nunnery, destroyed the monastery, and took with them all they could carry off to St. Amand. Shortly after these same soldiers set out again, and having.::-::......-:0.___.:: —: _..::_._-:._.:........: passed, through the wood of St. Amand, came.o the monastery of Vicogne, with the intent ____:-A-;~;-~'~I-~-~ —-~:~~=-~;~ ~-ito pillage and destroy it: they made a great fire before the gate in order to burn it. When the abbot perceived in what danger he was, _____ —-_- he set off directly on horseback, and riding behind the wood, came to Valenciennes in ___===r=A_~-~;~'- ~~~~- ~ _ =great haste, where he requested the provost to let him have some cross-bowmen;'whom i having obtained, he led behind Raimes, and posted. them in the wood looking toward Pourcelet, and upon the causeway. Thence thoy began to shoot upon the soldiers and Genoese, before the gates of Vicogne, who no sooner felt the arrows showering upon them from the woods, than they were panic. struck, and ran off as fast as they could. By these means was the monastery saved. About this time the earl of Lisle was in Gascony, carrying on the war, by orders from the king of France. He had already taklen tha n and recaptured the country of Aquitaine, and ~U~i` ~ ~ kept the field with upward of four thousand horse; he had besieged Bordeaux by sea and land. The earl had with him the flower ot TouRy. As it appeared two hundred years since. the chivalry of the marshes of Gascony-the earl of Perigord, the earl of Cominges, the earl of Carmaing, the earl of Villernort, the encamped at Fontarses upon the Scheld (a dependence of the abbey viscount Brumquet, the lord de la Borde, and many other knights and of St. Nicholas,) as you return from the fields by the gate Valentinois. barons, and nothing resisted them but the fortresses, which the The earl of Hainault came with the fine cavalry of his country, with, English garrisons carefully guarded. Many gallant feats of arms were many Dutchmen and Zealanders, who attended upon his person as performed in this country, of which we shall speak in proper time and their lord. The earl was encamped between the king of England place; for the present we must return to Scotland, and see what and the duke of Brabant. Jacob Von Artaveld came next with more is going on there during this siege of Tourney. than forty thousand Flemings,* not reckoning those from Ypres, Poperingue, Cassel, and Bruges, who were ordered to another part, as you will hear presently. He was quartered near the gate St. Fontaine, on both sides of the Scheld, over which they had thrown CHA P TER LV. a bridge of boats, that they might have free intercourse. The duke TIHE SCOTS RECOVER GREAT PART OF THEIR COUNTRY DURING TIE of Gueldres, the earl of Juliers, the marquis of Blanckenberg, the SIEGE OF TOURNAY. marquis of Nuys, the earl of Mons, the earl of Savines, the lord of TE reader should be informed, that Sir William Douglas, son Fauquemont, sir Arnold de Bacqueghen, and all the Germans, were the brother of sir James Douglas, who was killed in Spain, the earl stationed on the side toward Hainault, so that the city of Tournay of Moray, the earl Patrick of Dunbar, the earl of Sutherland, Sir whs very col-npletely surrounded. Each division of Moray, the earl Patrickl of Dunbar, the earl of Sutherland, sir was very completely surrounded. Each division of the army had Robert Keith, sir Simon Fraser, and Alexander Ramsay, had reopen communication with each other, and no one could enter or come out of the city without permission, or without being seen. maned as governors of the remnant of Scotlad, that was not in the possession of the English. During the space of seven years they had secreted themselves in the forest of Jedworth, in winter as well as summer, and thence had carried on a war against all the towns C HA P T E R L It'. and fortresses wherein king Edward had placed any garrisons, in THE EARL OF HAINAULT DESTROYS THE TOWNS OF SECLIN AND ORCItES. which many perilous and gallant adventures befel them, and from THIS siege of Tournay lasted a long time. The army that lay which they had acquired much honor and renown. While king Ed. incloseward was beyond sea before Tournay, the king of Frane sent o ver before it was plentifully and cheaply supplied with all sorts of pro warde was beyond sea before Tournayad se the iing of France sent over visions, for they were brought to them from all the neighboring coun. some forces to Scotland, which arrived safe in the town of Perth: tries. Many gallant actions were performed; for the earl of Hainault, and he entreated the noblemen above mentioned, to carry oni so bitter a war in England, that king Edward should be obliged to desist fror who was very bold and enterprising, took this war to heart, reflect- a war in England, that kig dward should be obliged to desist from ing as he did that his country had suffered so much at its commence- his present enterprise before Tournay, promising them every aid and meat, and headed every excursion. He set out one morning ve ry assistance; in consequenceof which these lords collected their forces, early from the camp with five hundred lances, and passing below and made themselves ready. They quitted the forest of Jedworth, Lisle, burnt the good town of Seclin, and many villages in its neigh- traversed Scotland, retookl as many fortresses as they were able, passed borhood. His lightorse avaced even as far as te suburbs of by Berwick, and, crossing the river Tyne, entered Northumberland, Lens, in Artois. All this was related to his uncle, ing Philip, at whih was foerly a ingdm of itself, where they found plenty of Arras, who, though very angry, could not at this time help it. After fat cttle. aving destroyed and but the whole country as far as this excursion the earl took another route, and advanced toward the Durham, and even beyond it, they returned by another road, doing capital town of Orchies, which was taken and burnt, for it was not the same to all the countries they pased through; so that all the inclosed. - Landas and Celle~shared the same fate, as well as many country on the borders of England, to the extent of three days' considerable villages thereabout. They scoured the country and journey, was completely ruined and destroyed. They then reinu took a very great booty, with which they retreated to the army before tered Scotland, and gal ed all the fortresses which the king of Eng. Tourneyr. At the same time the Flemings made fr~equent and stroag land held, except the good town of Berwick, and three other castles, assaults on Tournay; they built boats, moveable towers, and other which annoyed them much, and which are so strong, that you wll machines of offence, with which they every day battered the town. Celebrated in Scottish story unier the name of the Kntgtt of Liddeste Lord Skirmishes very frequently took place, in which many were killed Hailes mentions his alone as being sent on the embassy to France. Robert the Stewall * Lord Berners says 60.000 —ED.. was regent of the kingdom. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 4 scarcely find their equals for strength in any country; one is called his brother, came to serve under the king of France, with as tatny Stirling, the other Roxburgh, and the third, which may be styled the men as they could collect together. There came to him also the sovereign of Scotland, Edinburgh. This last is situate upon a high dukes of Brittany, Burgundy, and Bourbon, the earls of Alengon, rock, commanding a view of the country round about; and the Flanders, Foretz, Armagnac, Blois, Harcourt, and Dammartin, the mountain has so steep an ascenti, that few can go up it without stop- lord Charles of Blois, the lord of Coucy, and many other knights ping twice or thrice. The governor of it at that time was a gallant and barons. The king of Navarre afterwards came with a number English knight, called sir Walter Limousin, brother-german to him of men-at-arms, to serve for the lands he held in France, and fox who had so gallantly defended the castle of Thin-l'Eveque against which he was a homager to the king. The king of Scotland was the French. also there, under the appointment of the king of France, and had s A bold thought came into sir William Douglas's mind, which he handsome body of men given to him. mentioned to his companions, the earl of Dunbar, sir Robert Fraser, who had been tutor to king David of Scotland, and Alexander Ramsay, who all agreed to try to execute it. They collected upward of two hundred lances of Highlanders, went to sea, and purchased oats, oatmeal, coal, and straw, and landed peaceably at a port about SOME OF THE GARRISON OF BOUCHAIN DEFEAT A BODY OF SOLDIERS three miles from the castle of Edinburgh, which had made a stronger FROM MORTAGNE,* BEFORE THE TOWVN OF CONDE. resistance than all the other castles. When they had armed them- WHEN all these lords above-mentioned, and many others, were selves, they issued forth in the night time; and having chosen ten come to Arras, the king of France advanced to a small river, which or twelve from among them, in whom they had the greatest confi- is about three leagues distant from Tournay. It was very deep, and dence, they dressed them in old threadbare clothes, with torn hats, the country about it so marshy, that it could not be crossed, but by a like poor tradesmen, and loaded twelve small horses, with a sack to very narrow causeway, on which two men would have difficulty to each filled with oats, meal, or coal; they then placed the rest in am- pass abreast. The king and his army encamped in the fields, as they buscade in an old abbey, that was ruined and uninhabited, close to could not cross this river. The next day they remained there also; the foot of the mountain on which the castle was situate. At day- and the lords about the king held a council, on the best means of break, these merchants, who were privily armed, took the road with building bridges, to pass over this river and the quagmires in safety. their horses the very best way they could toward the castle. When They sent some knights and armed men to examine the passages, who, they had got about half way up the hill, Sir William Douglas and after having well considered them, reported that it would be pains sir Simon Frazer advanced before the others, whom they ordered to thrown away, and that there was no other means of crossing this river follow in silence, and came to the porter's lodge. They informed and country, but by the Pont-h-Tressin. Everything, therefore, rehim, that they had brought, with many risks and fears, coal, oats, mained as before, and each lord took up his quarters among his own and meal, and, if there were any want of such articles, they should men. The news was soon spread abroad, that the king of France be glad to dispose of them, and at a cheap rate. The porter replied, and his army were encamped between the bridges of Tressin and that the garrison would thankfully have them, but it was so early, Bouvines, with the intention of giving his enemies battle; so that all that he dared not awake either the governor or his steward: at the men of honor, who were desirous of fame, went and joined one side same time he told him to come forward, and lie would open the or other, as pleased them best. Three German knights, who were in other gate. They all then passed quietly through, and entered with garrison at Bouchain, heard, as others had done, that the two kings their loads to the gate of the barriers, which he opened for them. were near each other, and it was thought they would fight. Upon Sir'William Douglas had remarked, that the porter had all the which two of them urged and entreated their companion that he great keys of the castle gates, and had, in an apparently indifferent would consent to remain in Bouchain, to guard and preserve it until manner, inquired which opened the great gate and which the wicket. they returned, and that they would make an excursion as far as When the first gate was opened, they turned in their nags, and flung Tournay, to seek adventures, and to see how things were going on. off the loads of two, which consisted of coal, directly upon the sill The two knights set out, whose names were sir Courrat d'Astra and of the gate, so that it could not be shut, and then seized the porter, sir Courrat de Lancenuch;t they rode till they came to Estampons, whom they slew so suddenly, that he did not utter a word. They above Valenciennes, for they were desirous of crossing the Scheld at then tookl the keys, and opened all the gates; and sir William Conde. Between Fresnes and Estampons they heard a noise, and %ouglas gave a blast upon his horn, as a signal for his companions: met many people running away; upon which they spurred their they then flung off their torn clothes, and placed all the remainder horses, and pushed on toward the place from whence the outcry of the coal between the gates, so that they could not be shut. came, with their whole company. They were altogether about When those in the ambuscade heard the horn, they sallied forth, twenty-five lances. They inquired of the first they met of the meanand hastened forward to the castle. The noise of the horn awak- ing of all the noise and flight: " Oh Lord, gentlemen," said they, ened the watch of the castle, at that time asleep, who, seeing these "the soldiers from Mortagne have made an incursion upon us, and armed men running up the castle hill, blew lustily on his horn,.and have collected a large booty in this neighborhood, which they are bawled out, " Treason! treason! Arm yourselves, my masters, as driving to their fortress, together with many prisoners they have fast as you can, for here are men-at-arms advancing to our fortress." taken." The two knights asked if they could conduct them to the They all roused themselves as quickly as they could, and when road these soldiers were going? Upon their answering in the affirm. armed came to the gate; but sir William and his twelve companions ative, they pursued the French of Mortagne, and followed these defended the gate; so that it could not be shut. The combat then honest men, who showed them a way through the woods, so that they grew hotter; but those from without maintained their ground with gained ground upon them, near to N6tre-Dame-aux-Bois. The great valor, until their ambuscade arrived. The garrison made a French were full one hundred and twenty men, and they were driving very gallant defence, killing and wounding many of their enemies; before them two hundred large cattle, with some peasants, prisoners. but sir William and his party exerted themselves so much, that the Their captain was a knight from Burgundy, called sir John de Frelais, fortress was taken, and all the English killed, except the governor under the orders of the lord of Beaujeu. As soon as the Germans and six esquires, to whom they showed mercy. The Scots remained perceived them they set up a loud shout, and rushed onl full gallop. in the castle all that day, and appointed for governor a squire of that The combat was very sharp, for the Burgundy knight made a gallant country, called sir Simon de Vesci, and left with him many of his defence, as well as some of his company, but not all, for several of countrymen. This news was brought to the king of England while them betook themselves to flight; but they were so closely pursued he lay before Tournav. - by the Germans and peasants of the country, who had armed them. selves with stakes, that few escaped death. Sir John de Frelais was taken, and all the booty recaptured and given to the proprietors, who C HAPTER LVI were very thankful to the Germans ever after. The knights then THE KING OF FRANCE ASSEMBLES A LARGE ARMY, IN ORDER TO RAISE went forward to Tournay, where they were very well received THE SEIGE OF TOURNAY. IT has been before related in what manner the king of England had besieged the city of Tournay, and that he pressed it very close; C H A P T E R L V I II. for he had upward of one hundred and twenty thousand men, in- SIR WILLIAM DE BAILLEUL AND SIR VAUFLART DE LA CROIX MIAKE cluding the Flemings, who behaved very well in all their attacks. AN EXCURSION TO PONT-A-TRESSIN. The commanders within the city, finding their provisions beginninfg to get low, sent out from it all those who had not laid in a proper SOON after the king of France had taken up his quarters, with his quantity for the occasion. They were driven out about the middle my, near the bridge of Bouviles, a conmpny of HainialtC rs put of the day, and passed through the army of the duke of Brabant,themselves in motion by the exhrltations of sir Vaufat de Ia Croix who tooki compassion on them, and had them conducted in safety to who told then he knew all the country well, and le could lead them king Phiip at Arras; he had remained there all this time, while to a part of the French army which they would be sure of conquer. thse within Tourny wee in great distress, and had need of assist ing. About one hundred and twenty of them, knights and esquires, ance and advice. The king of France published a special summon set out one day through love to each other, to do some deeds of throughoaut his kingdom, and also in many palrts of the empire, for *.fortarne-a saull town in Flanrlers. nearl thle confluence oftheSearpe anld Scheld. letvying of forces. It had so good an effect, that Charles, king of ihree leaglmes fin'onlTory:l. Bohemia, the duke of Lorrain, the earl of Bar, the bishop of Metz, t Sir Cosrrat d'Astra;llnd sir Colrrat de Ianrcenuech. The names of these krmlgibt the bish.p of Verdun, the earl of Mlolnthbeliard, the lord John of re in tle4ft.hll capter, sidto avt bee Cosrd. Courrnt" is;llln il botl,lac:ee in Lord Berners anti D'Sauvage; but ill the latter it is corrected in a marginal not. — Chalons, the earl of Geneva, the earl of Savoy, and the lord Lewis, Ed. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. arms, and advanced toward Pont-a-Tressin. They made the lord and full four hundred light troops armed crossed the, river, and Mur. of Bailleul their captain, and it was under his banner that they were tagne's three gates were besieged. The wealkest was certainly that to enlist. leading to Mande; however, that was tolerably strong. That same morning, some of the Liegeois made also an excursion, At that post the lord of Beaujeu placed himself; for hlie knew that under the command of sir Robert de Bailleul, brother-german to the all the rest were safe. He had armed himself with a very stout lance, above-mnientioned sir William de Bailleul, for he had made a promise having the head of tempered steel, and on the under side a sharp to do this to the bishop of Liege, and was bound to execute it with hook, so that, when he made his stroke, he cold fix the hook into his whole company. The Liegeeis had passed Pont-a-Tressin, were the jackets, or armor, of those who attacked, draw them to him, and toraging for their horses, anrd looking out to see if they could find make them fall into the river. By this means, in the course of the any chance to profit by. The Hainaulters had rode on, and passed day, he caught and destroyed more than twelve of tihe assailants, the bridge, without meeting with any one; for there was such a fog At this gate, the conflict was much more severe than anrywhere else, that they could not distinguish anything at the distance of a lance's and the earl of Hainault was ignorant of it: he was hard by toward length. When all had passed the bridge, they ordered sir William Brismal, drawn out in order of battle upon the bank of the Scheld. de Bailleul, and his banner, to remain there, and sir Vauflart de la The lords took counsel how they might draw out the piles, either by Croix, sir Raflet de'Monceaux, and sir John de Verchin, to advance force or ingenuity, from the bed of the river, so that they might ad as far as the quarters of the king of Bohemia, and bishop of Liege, vance upon it up to the walls of the town. They ordered an engine which were near the bridge, and to attack them. The lord of Rode- to be made in a large vessel, to draw them out one after another; mach had had the guard that night of the army of the king of Bohe. and all the carpenters were directly set upon this business. T'his mia, and was on the point of retiring, when the light-horse of the same day the Valenciennois, on their part, erected a handsome engine, Hainaulters appeared. They attacked them, as they came up, very which cast stones into the town and castle, and much annoyed the valiantly, and they were repulsed also by the Liegeois. The conflict inhabitants of Mortagne. In this manner passed the first day, and was sharp, and the Hainaulters behaved themselves well. To secure the following niglit in assaulting and devising upon the best means a retreat, however, to their banner, the Hainaulters drew toward the to molest the town. bridge, where they were followed by those of Liege and Luxembourg, On the morrow, they returned to the attack on all sides. The third and the engagement was renewed. Sir William de Bailleul was ad- day the vessel and engine were ready to draw out the piles, and those vised to recross the bridge with his banner, for many of his people ordered upon that duty were set to work, but they had so much trouble remained there; and many a gallant deed was performed, many a and labor in drawing out one, that the lords thought they should never capture made, and many a rescue. Sir Vauflart unluckily was not accomplish it, and therefore made them desist. There was, at that able to gain the passage of the bridge, so he got out of the crowd, time, a very able engineer at Mortagne, who, having considered the and saved himself the best way he could, by taling a road lie was machine of the Valenciennois, and how much it annoyed thie town, acquainted with, and hiding himself among thorns and quagmires, for it was perpetually in action, made another in the castle, which where he remained a considerable time. The rest still continued was not very large, but well made and tempered, and so well pointed, the combat; but the Liegeois, and those from Luxembourg, had that it was used only three times; the first stone fell within twvelve overthrown sir William de Bailleul. paces of the engine of the Valenciennois; the second was nearer to While this was passing, sir Robert's company, who had been out the box; and the third was so well aimed, that it struck the machine foraging, returned, and, hearing the noise, came to the bridge. Sir upon the shaft, and split it in two. The soldiers of Mortagne made Robert o-cdered his banner to advance, which was carried by a squire a great shouting at this event. The Hainaulters were thus two days called James de Forsines, crying out, "1Moriennes." The Hain- and two nights before Mortagne without conquering any part of it. auiters, who were much heated, perceiving the banner of Moriennes, The earl and his uncle thought it advisable to return toward Tournay, which is quite straight, thought it was their own, which they had which they did; and the Valenciennois went back to their town, been ordered to rally under, for there is but very little difference be- whence they had come. tween the two; the Morienne arms having bars counterbarred with two chevrons, gules, and the chevron of sir Robert had on it a small cross or. The Hainaulters made a sad mistake, and ran into the C H A P T E R LX. midst of sir Robert's troop, who received them most fiercely, repulsed and discomfited them. They lost, on their side, sir John de Vargny, TtE ARL OF ItINAULT TAKES TEEO TOWN OF ST. MAND DuRunt Tu sir Walter de Pont-a-l'Arche, sir William de Pipempoix, sir John de Soire, sir Daniel de Bleze, sir Race de Monceaux, sir Lewis Dampelu, TIREE days after the earl of Hainault had been returned from and many other knights and squires. Sir William de Bailleul saved before Mortagne, he made a request to his companions, that they himself in the best manner he could, but he lost a grenmat many of his would come with him to St. Amand; for he had received many men. Sir Vauflart de la Croix, who hid himself among the reeds in complaints of the soldiers of St. Amand having burnt the monastery the marshes, hoped to have remained there until the night, but lie of Hanon, and of their attempt to do the same at Vicoigne, as well was perceived by some troopers, who were riding through these as of many other vexations which they had committed upon the boer. marshes: tney made such a shouting and noise, that sir Vauflart ders of Hainault. The earl set out from the siege of Tournay, with came out and surrendered himself to them, who led him to the army, three thousand combatants, and came before St. Amand by the way and gave him up to their commander. He detained him a whole day of Mortagne, which town was only inclosed with a palisade. A in his quarters, and would willingly, through pity, have saved him, knight from Languedoc, and seneschal of Carcassonne, was governor as he knew his head would probably suffer. But the king of France, of it, and he had told the monks of the abbey, as well as the inhabit. having heard of it, wished to take cognizance of it himself; so sir ants, that it was not tenable against any body of men; not that he Vauflart was given up to him, and thle king tent him to Lisle, where, meant to give it up, but on the contrary, to defend,it as long as lihe as he had done much harm to the inhabitants, they would not accept could, and merntioned it merely as a piece of infornmation. These of any ransom, but put him to death. words were not much attended to, or believed; however, he had some time before sent to Mortagne all thie jewels of the monastery, and thither went also the abbot and his monks, who were not very CH AP T E R LIX. well calculated to defend themselves. The Valenciennois, who had been ordered by the ea'rl their lord to THEr EARL OF HAINAULT ATTACKS TOE FORTRESS OF AMORTAGNE IN be before St. Amrand on a certain day, as he would be there to meet VARIOUS MANNERS. them, came with twelve thousand combatants, and posting themselves THE king of France was much rejoiced at the arrival of sir Robert before the town, armed all the cross-bowmen, and made them advance de Bailleul, and his defeat of the Hainaulters. Shortly afterwards, toward the bridge over the Scarpe. The confact was here very sharp. the earl of Hainault, sir John his uncle the seneschal of Hainault, it lasted all that day, without the Valenciennois being able to make with full six hundred lances, Hainaulters and Germans, set out from any impression; but they had a great many of their men killed and the siege before Tournay. The earl had sent orders for those of wounded, and the besieged, mocking them, called out, "Go your Valenciennes to talke another route, and place themselves between ways, and drink your good ale." Toward the evening they retires the Scarpe and the Scheld, to attack the town of Mortagne. They from before the town, much wearied and surprised that they had not came there in a large body, and brought with them many engimes, heard any tidings of their lord; they called a council, and resolved to throw things into the place. I have before told how the lord of to return back to their own town. On the morrow after their deBeaujeu had been sent thither as governor: he had expected an at- parture, the earl of Hainault arrived, as has been said, by the way tack, from the situation of Mortagne upon the Scheld, and bordering of Mortagne, and he immediately began the attack: it was so violent, upon Hainault, and had driven upward of twelve hundred piles into that the barriers were instantly won, and they advanced to the gate the bed of the river, to prevent its navigation. It was not long before which opens toward Mortagne. The earl and his uncle headed this the earl and his Hainaulters arrived on one side of the town, and the attack; they fought most valiantly, and spared none. Each of them Valenciennois on the other: they made preparations for an immediate at this place received two such blows, from stones thrown down upon attack. The Valenciennois ordered their cross-bowmen to shoot, them, that their helmets were split through, and themselves stunmned. and advance to the barriers; but they were unable to do so, for the One present then said to the earl, "Sir, we shall never do anything w.ae and deep trenches which had been made before them. They effectual in this place, for the gate is very strong, the passage narrow, then bethought themselves to cross the Scarpe at any rate below amd it will cost you too many of your people to gain it; but if you Chateau l'Abbaie, and passing near St. Amand, to make an assault will order some large beams of wood to be brought, amd shed with upon the gate which opeas toward Mande. This they executed; iron in tlhe manner of piles, and strike w:th titmm against the walls CCHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 41 of the monastery, I will promise you that you will make breaches in whom were sir Florent de Beaurieu, sir Latas de la Haye, marshal of many places: if once we get into the monastery, the town is ours, the army, the lord John of Hainault, sir Oulphart de Guistelles, sir for there is nothing to stop us between it and the town." The earl Robert Glewes, from the county of Los, at that -ime only a squire, ordered this advice to be followed, for he perceived it was reasonable, and many more; amounting altogether to upwaro of three hundred and the shortest method of getting possession of the town. Great good men-at-arms. They came to Pont-h-Tressin, which they beams of oak were brought, formed, and sharpened like piles, and crossed without loss: they then held a council, on what would be to each were ordered twenty or thirty men, who bearing it in their the most advantageous plan for them to beat up and skirmish with hands, retreated some paces, and then ran with it with great force the army of the French. It was determined, that the lord of Ran. against the wall, which they battered down in many places, so that derondenc, and his son, sir' Henry de Kalkren, a mercenary knight, they entered valiantly and crossed a small rivulet; sir Thilman de Saussy, sir Oulphart de Guistelles, sir l'Alleman basThe seneschal of Carcassonne was there, with his banner displayed tard of Hainault, sir Robert Glewes, and Jacquelot de Thiaulx, before him, which was gules, with a chef argent, three chevrons in should act as light-horse, and skirmish up to the tents of the French chief, and an indented border, argent, and near him were collected that the rest of the knights and squires, who might amount to three many companions from his own country, who received the Hainault. hundred, should remain at the bridge, to keep and defend that pass, ers very gallantly, and fought as well as they were able, but it was in case of any attack. This advanced body then set out: they were min vain, as they were overpowered by numbers. It may be worth forty persons altogether, well mounted upon handsome and strong remembering, that, on their entering the monastery, there remnained chargers: they rode on till they came to the French camp, when a monk, called sir Froissart, who did wonders, killing and wounding, they immediately dashed in, and began to cut down tents and pavil. at one of the breaches where he had posted himself, upward of eigh- ions, and do every possible damage, by skirmishing with all that teen, so that no one durst venture to pass through: at last he was opposed them. That night, two great barons, the lord of Moatmo. forced to fly, for he perceived that the Hainaulters were entering the rency and the lord of Saulieu, had the watch, and were with their monastery by various other breaches; the monk, therefore, made off guard, when the Germans fell upon them. As soon as they heard as fast as he could, and saved himself in Mortagne. As soon as the the noise, they and their banners moved toward it. earl, sir John, and the knights of Hainault, had entered the monas- When the lord of Rauderondene saw them approach, he turned his tery, the earl ordered no quarter to be given, so much was he enraged horse about, and ordered his pennon and his party to push for the at the violences they had committed in his territories. The town bridge, the French following him closely. In this chase, the French was soon filled with soldiers, who pursued all they met from street to captured sir Oulphart de Guistelles, for he could not follow their street, and from house to house; very few escaped being put to death. track, his sight being indifferent. He was surrounded by the enemy, The seneschal was slain under his banner, and upward of two hun- and made prisoner, as were two esquires, of the names of Mondrop dred men with him. The earl returned that evening to Tournay. and Jacquelot de Thiaulx. The French galloped after them, but On the morrow, the men-at-arms of Valenciennes, and the com- the Germans escaped; and, being scarcely more than half an acre monalty, came to St. Amand, burnt the town, the monastery, and separated from them, they could plainly hear them crying out, "Ha, the great minster: breaking and destroying all the bells, of which gentlemen, you shall not return as easy as you came." Then one there were numbers of very good and melodious ones. The earl of of his party rode up to the lord of Rauderondenc, and said, "Sir Hainault made another excursion from the'siege of Tournay, with consider what you are about, or the French will cut us off from the about six hundred men-at-arms, in order to burn Orchies, Landas, bridge." The lord of Rauderondenc replied, "If they know one and Le Celle. He afterwards crossed, with his army, the river road to it, I know another;" and, turning to his right, led his party Scarpe above Hanon, and entering France, came before a large and along a road tolerably well beaten, which brought them straight to rich monastery, at Marchiennes, of which sir Aym6 de V'ervaulx was the river before mentioned, which is very deep, and surrounded by governor, who had with him a detachment of cross-bowmen from marshes. On their coming thither, they found they could not ford it, Douay. The attack was violent, for the knight had strongly forti- so that they must return, and pass over the bridge. The French, fled the first gate, which was surrounded by wide and deep ditches, thinking to cut off and take the Germans, went on full gallop toward and the French and monks withinside defended themselves valiantly, the bridge. When'they were come near to it, and saw the large The Hainaulters exerted themselves much; and, having procured body of men waiting for them, they said to one another, "We are )boats, they by this means gained entrance into the monastery, but a making a foolish pursuit, and may easily lose more than we can German knight, attached to the lord of Fauquemont, was drowned; gain." Upon which many turned back, particularly the banner his name was sir Bacho de la Wiere. At the attack of the gate, the bearer of the lord of Saulieu, as well as that lord himself. But thi earl, his uncle the seneschal of Hainault, and many others, proved lord of Montmorency would not retire, but pushed forward courage themselves such good knights, that the gate was gained, sir Aym6 ously, and, with his party, attacked the Germans. This attack wwm slain, and the greater part of the others. Many monks who were very fierce on both sides, and each party had many unhorsed. While there were captured, the monastery pillaged, and burnt, as well as they were engaged, the light troops made a circuit, and fell upon the village. The earl after this returned with his army to Tournay. their flank: notwithstanding this, and the hard blows given, the French stood their ground. But sir Reginald d'Escouvenort, know. ing the banner of Montmorency, under which the knight was, with CH A -P T E R L X~I. sword in hand, dealing his blows about him, camrne upon his right hand, and, with his left hand seizing the reins of his horse, stuck sint CH~ARLES DHE ONCTUORENCD, AND RANY OTHERS OF THNE FRENCH, spurs into his own, and drew him out of the combat. The lord of CAPTURErD AT tONT-A-TRESSIN. Montmorency gave many blows with his sword upon the helmet and THE siege of Tournay lasted a long time, and the town held out back of sir Reginald, which at once broke and received then. How. well; but the king of England thought he must gain it, for he knew ever, the lord of Montmorency remained his prisoner, and the Ger. that there were within it great numbers of men-at-arms, and a scar- mans fought so vell, that they maintained their ground, and made city of provision, which would oblige them to yield through hunger. fourscore gentlemen prisoners. They then repassed the bridge with. But others said, that they would find supplies through the country of out hindrance, and returned to Tournay, where each retired to his the Brabanters, who permitted frequent and large quantities of pro- own quarters. visions to pass through their army, and even to enter the town. Those from Brussels and Louvain were quite weary of remaining there so long, and petitioned the marshal of their army for leave to CHAPTER LXII. return to Brabant. The marshal replied, that he was very willing TIHE FLEMINGS ADVANCE TO ST. OMER DURING THE SIEGE OF TOURNAY. to consent to their departure, but they must leave their arms and accoutrements behind them. This made them so ashamed, that they WE will now relate an adventure which happened to the Flemings, never again repeated their request. During this siege, the Germans u nder comman d of sir Robe rt tois and sir Henry de Flandres. made an excursion toward Pont-4-Tressin, where sir Robert de Bail- They amounted to upward of forty thousand, from the towns of leul had defeated the Hainaulters, The lord of Rauderondenc, sir Ypres, Poperingue, Malines, Cassel, and Castlewick of Berues John of Rauderonde his son, at that time ire, sir John de These Flemings were encamped in great array in the valley of Cas Johnof audrondnc is on, t tat ime Sqire SirJoh desel, to oppose the French garrisons which king Philip had sent into Randebourgh, a squire also, and tutor to the lord of Rauderondenc's sel, to oppose the French garrisons which king Philip had set into St. Omer, St. Venant, Aire, and other towns and fortresses in that son, Sir Arnold de Bacqueohen, Sir Reginald d'Escouvenort Sir n eighborhood. By the king of France's orders, the dauphinof Au.. Courrat d' Astra, sir Bastien de Basties, Candrelier his brother, the neighborhood. By the king of France's orders, the dauphinof Au lord Strauren de Leurne, with many others, from the duchies of Ju- verge, he lords of Kaeuhen, Montay, Rochefort, the viscont de Touars, and many other knights from Auvergne and Limousin, liers and Gueldres, held a conference together, and resolved to make - I - 1. I nnpoted themselq(,ves in St. Omer. Tn St. Venant, and in Aire,- theman excursion on the morrow, by break of day; for which purpose posted themselves in St. Omer. In St. Venant, and in Aire, there were also a great many knights. The Flemings frequently skir. they armed, and prepared themselves well that night. Some knights bachelors" from Hainault joined them; among mished with the French; and one day, to the number of four or five thousand lightly armed, they came to the suburbs of St. Omer, pulled *lThe word bachelor, ti'om whence has come bacheler/, does not signify bas chevalier, down many houses, and pillaged wherever they could. The alarm but a knight who has notthe number of bacheclles of land requisite to display a banner; was instantly spread in the town: the lords who were there soon Ihat is to say, foeu bachelles. The bachelle was composed of tea max or mcix far. ms, armed themselves and their men, and sallied out at the gate opposite tsr domains,) each of which contained a sufficiency of land for the work of two oxen dulaan a whole year. —Gloss. do, droit. Ft. de Lrusrica. to where the Flemings were. They might amount to about six Bovatsus t rae. Tantum esse quantum bos onus colat; sex bovata~ quantumo sex. banners, two hundred armed with helmets, and six hundred infantry. n vet. autens statutorum mess.ad compositisssem mensurarurn. sic notatur. Octo be)- They made a circuit round St. Omer, as their guides, who were well vatsa tertra faciunt carucatam terrun, aeto earunete faciunt unum fbodutn militia. xvSi. acquainted with the road, led them, and came opportunel. apen sh *crae faciunt bovatam terrae.-Spelmanni Glo, saa'ium. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. Flemings, who were busily employed in collecting everything they the siege. The day after, at daybreak, tents and pavilions were could find in the town of Arques, which is close to St. Omer, so that struck, wagons loaded, and every one in motion to depart; so that they were dispersed about, without officers, and without order. The any one who had been there before, and saw this, might have hailed Freich attacked them thus unawares, with banners displayed, and a new era. lances in their rests, in regular order, crying out, "Clermont, Cler- Thus the good city of Tournay remained unhurt, but it had a na. mont, for the dauphin of Auvergne." row escape; for there were at that time no more provisions in it than When the Flemings heard this, they were sore alarmed; and, not would have been sufficient for three or four days. The Brabanters attempting to rally in any order, they fled as fast as they could, throw- began their march immediately, for they were very impatient to re. ing down all the pillage they had gotten., The French pursued them, turn. The king of England set out sore against his will, but it and killed and knocked them down in great numbers. This pursuit behoved him to consent to the will of others, and to agree to their lasted full two leagues: there were four thousand eight hundred slain, counsels. Thie king of France could not well remain longer where and four hundred captured, who were carried to St. Omer, and there he was, from the great stench of the dead cattle, and from the excesimprisoned. When those few, who had escaped, arrived at their own sive heat of the weather. The French thought they had gained much army, and related what had happened to them, it soon came to the honor in this business; giving for reason, that they had prevented the ears of their captains, who told them they had deserved what had city of Tournay from being lost, and separated the large army whicn befallen them, for they had done this without orders, and without a had lain before it and done nothing, notwithstanding the great prepaleader. About midnight, as these Flemings were asleep in their tents, rations that had been made. The lords of the opposite party claimed &o sudden an alarm and fright came upon them, that they all got up, the honor of this affair; because they had remained so long in the and could not make sufficient haste to decamp. They directly pulled kingdom of France, and besieged one of the best towns the king had, down their tentsand pavilions, flung them into the baggage-wagons, burning and destroying his country before his eyes, and he not sendand took to their heels; without waitinrrg for any one, or keeping any ing any succor or relief as he ought to have done: and lastly, beorder or regular road. When the two commanders heard of this, cause he had consented to a truce with his enemies lying before his they got up in the greatest haste, and ordered large fires and torches city, burning and wasting his kingdom. to be lighted: they mounted their horses, and, galloping after the These lords then set out from Tournay, and returned to their own Flemings, said to them, "Sirs, tell us what has ailed you, that you fly country. The king of England went to Ghent, where his queen was, thus, when no one pursues you; you ought to think yourselves very and soon after crossed the sea with all his people, except those whom secure, and yet you are still going on. Return back, for God's sake: he left to attend the conference at Arras. The earl of Hainault revou are exceedingly to blame, to run away without being pursued." turned to Valenciennes; and upon that occasion there were great But, notwithstanding all their entreaties, they would not stop, and entertainments, and a tournament at Mons in Itainault. Sir Gerard each took the nearest way he could find to his own home. These de Verchin, seneschal of Hainault, was there, and tilted' at this tour. lords, perceiving they could not prevail with them, ordered their bag- nament, at which he was mortally wounded. He left behind him a gage to be packed up in the wagons, and came to the siege of Tour- son, called John, who was afterwards a bold and hearty knight, nay, where they related to the chiefs what had happened to the Flem- though he enjoyed but indifferent health. The king of France dis. ings, which surprised all: some said, they must have been bewitched. banded his army, and went to amuse and refresh himself at Lisle, where the principal persons of Tournay came to see him. He received them with great joy; and, as a mark of favor for having so CHAPTER L XIII. gallantly defended themselves against their enemies, so that they made no conquests firom them, hlie granted them back their franchises, THE SIEGE OF TOURNAY RAISED, BY MEANS OF A TRUCE. which they had lost for some time. This made them very happy; THE siege of Tournay had lasted a long time; eleven weeks all but for sir Godemar du Fay, and many other knights, strangers to them, three days: when the lady of John de Valois, sister to the king of' had been made their governors: they, therefore, immediately elected France, and mother to the earl of Hainault, took great pains with provosts and jurats from among themselves, according to their ancient both parties to make up a peace, so that they might separate without customs. When the king had settled to his liking part of his business, a battle. The good lady had frequently, on her knees, besought it he set out for Lisle, and took the road toward his good city of Paris. of the king of France, and afterwards came to the lords of the em- The time approached for the meeting of the conference at A.rra4 pire, especially to the duke of Brabant, and the duke of Juliers, who Pope Clement VI. sent, as his legates, the cardinal of Naples, and had married her daughter, and to the lord John of Hainault. She at the cardinal of Clermont, who came to Paris, where they were re. last so far prevailed, by the help and assistance of the lord Lewis ceived most honorably by the king of France, and then proceeded tc d'Augimont, who was well beloved by both parties, that a day was Arras. From the king of France, there came the earl of Alenion fixed for a negotiation, when each of the parties was to send five well- the duke of Bourbon, the earl of Flanders, the earl of Blois, th: qualified persons to treat upon the best means of bringing about a archbishop of Seyis, the bishop of Beauvais, and the bishop of Aux reconciliation, and a truce for three days was agreed upon. These erre. On the part of the king of England there were, the bishop commissioners were to meet at a chapel, situated in the fields, called of Lincoln, the bishop of Durham, the earl of Warwick, the lord Esplotin. On the day appointed, having heard mass, they assembled Robert d'Artois, the lord John of Hainault, and the lord Henry of after dinner, and took the lady with them. On the part of the king Flanders. At this conference, there were many subjects brought of France, there came Charles, king of Bohemia, Charles, earl of forward for discussion, and a great deal of talk during the fifteen days Aeon, the ing's brother, the bishop of iee, e erl of Fn- which it lasted, but nothing positively determined upon'; for the ders, and the earl of Armagnac. On the part of the king of Eng- English made large demands, which the French would not allow eand, there came the duke of Brabant, the bishop of Lincoln, the of; they agreed only to restore the county of Ponthieu, which had duke of Gueldres, the duke of Juliers,. and the lord John of Hainault. been given as a marrige prti with Isabella, to the king of Eng When they had all entered this chapel, they saluted each other land. This conference, therefore, broke up without doing anything, most politely. with every mark of respect: they then began on the except prolonging the truce to two years, which w;as all that these business, and the whole day passed in discussing the best means to cardinals could obtain. Every one returned homeward; and the accomplish what they were met for. The lady Joan entreated of cardinals took their road through Hainault, at the entreaties of the them respectfully, but with earnestness, that they would exert them- earl, who right nobly entertained them. selves to bring about a peace: this first day, however, passed away without anything being decided, when they all separated, promising to return on the morrow. The next day they came to their appoint- CH TR LIV. C HA PT ER L XI V. ment, began upon the treaty as before, and fell upon some arrangements which seemed likely to end to their mutual satisfaction; but THE DUKE OF BRITTANY DIES WITHOUT HEIRS, UFON WHICH A WA it was too late that day to put them in writing: so they separated, ENSUES FOR THE SUCCESSION. with a promise of returning on the morrow to complete and finish it. As soon as the truce made before Tourney had been agreed to The third day these lords returned, and agreed upon a truce, to last and sealed, the lords and all others set off for their own countries. for one year, between the two kings and all the allies that were The duke of Brittany, who had attended the king of France, with present, as well as between those who were carrying on the war in Scot- his army before Tournay, better accoutred than any other prince or land, Gascony, Poictou, and Saintonge; and it was in these coun- lord, was, upon his return home, taken ill, insomuch that hlie was tries to take place forty days from that day. Each party was to obliged to stop, and his disorder increased so fast, that he died.* inform their adherents of the truce, and that they sincerely meant to The duke, at his death, had no child, nor had the duchess, his wife, abide by it; but they were to be left to follow their own inclinations, any expectations of one. He had a brother by his father's side, called adhering to it or not. the earl of Montfort, then living, and who had married the sister of France, Picardy, Burgundy, and Normandy, agreed to it, without earl Lewis of Flanders. The duke had also another brother, who any exception; and this truce was to take place immediately in the was dead, but had left a daughter, whom her uncle, the duke, had. armies of France and England. The two kings also were to send married to the lord Charles of Blois, younger son of Guy earl of Blois, four or five noble personages to Arras, where the pope was to send by the sister of king Philip of France, then reigning, and had promised as many legates; and to whatever these persons should determine her, on her marriage, the duchy of Brittany, after his decease, tho':gh, upon they promised most faithfully to accede. One of the conditions of this truce was, that each person should retain whatever he had * John III. duke ofBrittany died at Caea, 0th of April, 1341. His body was carried got in his possession. The truce was immediately proclaimed in each to the Carrnelites of Ploermel. Charles de Louvier, who lived at that periood, assure us.. n shis Snoge du Verger, that duke John seeing himself'without children, deelaree army, te the great.joy of the BraDanters, who were heartily tired of the earl of Montfort his heir CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 49 at the time, he was doubtful if the earl of Montfort Would not claim the heart of a lion, took counsel together upon holding a solemnr it, as being nearest of kindred, though he was not properly his brother. court, and a great feast at Nantes. Summons were ordered to be german. It seemed to the duke, that the daughter of his brother- sent to all the barons and nobles of Brittany, and to the councils of german ought, by reason of her proximity, to have the duchy after the great towns, inviting them to attend this court, to do their fealty his death, in preference to the earl of Moatfort, his brother. And as and homage as to their true lord, which was done. In the mean he had long had his suspicions that the earl of Montfort would, after time, before the commencement of this feast, he set out from Nantes, his decease, enforce his claim, to the prejudice of his young niece, with a great number of men-at-arms, and went toward Limoges, with all his power, he had married her to the lord Charles of Blois, where he had been informed his brother had placed the large sums with the intent that the king of France, his uncle, might more power- he had amassed. On his arrival he entered the town in a most splenfully assist him in preserving his rights, should the earl of Montfort did manner, and was nobly and honorably received by the inhabitants, attempt to encroach on them. clergy, and commonalty of the place. They all did him homage, as As soon as the earl of Montfort knew of the death of the duke his to their right lord; and the grand treasury was delivered up to him, brother, he set off directly for the city of Nantes, which is the capital by the consent of the lords and bulgesses, whom he gained by the of Brittany, and exerted himself so much among the citizens and the presents and promises he made to them. When he had feasted and i'labitants of the neighborhood, that he was received as their lord, remained at Limoges as long as was agreeable to him, he departed as being the next relation to the duke just departed; and they all with all the treasure, and came directly to Nantes, where the lady, swore fealty and homage to him. Then he and his wife, who had his wife, was expecting him. They continued there in private, with....i i I i THE ENTRY OF JOHIN DE M1ONTFORtT AND InIS 1)UCHIESS IN1TO NANT'rE; fi,rI;1 MS. Froissart of the 15th century. much joy, until the day arrived for the grand court and solemn feast, very strolanr castle, situated upon the sea-coast, called Brest: -sv and nmade great preparations for the celebration of it. Oa the day dWlter~ de Clisson was governor of it, a most noble knight, and onm of the feast, no one appeared to the summons but one knight, sir of the greatest barons of Brittany. The earl, in his march twarx, [lHery de Leon, who was a powerful and valiant man: nevertheless, Brest, so conquered all the country, except the fortresses, that th. they conltinued the feast for three days with the citizens of Nantes, inhabitants followed him, on foot or on horseback, for they dare.and those near the city, in the best manner they could. It was then, not leave him: he thereby had a numerous body of men-at-artra resolved to expend the great treasure in obtaining possession of the When he and his army were come before Brest, he ordered sir Henlr ducihy, to collect a numerous body of soldiers, hb,th horse and foot, de Leon to summon the governor, and require of him, in obediemne. and to force all that should rebel against him t.-) ask his mercy. This to the earl of Montfort, as dulke of Brittany, to surrender to hiim tmh< council was attended by all who were at Nantes, knights, clerks, castle ard town of Brest, as to his liege lord. The governor Iretlilte d and citizens. Soldiers were enlisted frrom all parts, and well paid; he would do nothing in the business, until heshould havserecetitvc c, so that they soon had a large body of horse, as well s tfoot, of those orders foion: the lord; to whom of riglhtit- belonged; The earl: tlhtf;t that were noble, as well as those that were not, and fiom all parts retreated to a small; distanee, and sent challenges to those,o thlt and countries. town and castle. On the morrow, after lie hadl heard nmsns', I he otr dered his men to arm, an n make an assault upon the astie. vs:kich CHAPTER LTXV. was very strong, and well provided wi-h-l everything. I'he governor, silr Walter d-e Clisson, on his part, vwa not inactivw THE EARL OF MONTFORT TAKES TItE TOWN AND CASTLE OF BRESt. tle armed all the garrison, who were full tlre, hundred good filhttt-t WHEN the earl of Montfort fottnd that he had men in plenty, he mena, snd sent every one to the post he had assigned them, taklumm was advised to go and possess himself, either by violent or gentle with hiln about forty of the btavest, antd advanced out of the castkc: means, of nll the country, and to subdue l his enemies. Hie saiiied sut, therefore, firom Nantes, with a large army, and drew toward a * Sir Garmmier de Clissan, Leop Berner's, and D. Sauvage's edit-Ea, s0 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &~, as far as the barriers. The assailants camne there to make their atCHAPTER LXVII. tack, which was very sharp; and many of them were slain and wounded: the governor performed wonders ~ but at last, such num- THE EARL OF MJONTFORT TAIKES THE TOWN AND CASTLE OF HEINNEIgob.4 bers came upon him, the earl urged them on so sharply, and each THE earl entered the town of Rennes in great triumph; and he exerted himself so much, that the barriers were won, and the defend- quartered his army in the fields round about it. He made up tht ers of them forced to retire toward the castle with great loss; for quarrel between the inhabitants, and then established bailiffs, pro their opponents had fought lustily: many were killed. The gov- vosts, sheriffs, sergeants, and other officers. He remained in the ernor, however, comforted them as well as he could, and conducted city three days, to repose himself and army, and to consider upon them in safety to the chief gate. When those who kiept the ward what steps he should next take. The fourth day hlie decamped, and of the gate perceived the defeat of the governor's party, they were marched to one of the best fortified castles, and the strongest town, afraid of losing the castle, and let fall the portcullis, which shut them without comparison, in all Brittany, called Hennebon. It is situated out: the knight however defended himself valiantly, though most of near the sea, and a river runs about it in deep trenches. When sir his party were killed or wounded: the governor himself, though Henry de Spinefort was informed of his intentions, bhe began to be very badly wounded, would not surrender, in spite of all entreaties. alarmed lest some mischance should befall his brother, who was Those within the castle exerted themselves with their cross-bows; governor of that place, and, taking the earl aside, said to him, "Sir, and, by throwing large stones upon the assailants, forced them to you have admitted me to the honor of your council, and I have retire, and gave an opportunity of raising a little the portcullis, so sworn fealty to you. I perceive that you mean to sit down before that the knight and the remnant of his detachment entered: all of Hennebon: I think it, therefore, my duty to inform you, that the them were dangerously wounded. town and castle are so strongly fortified, that it will not be so easily The next day, the carl of Montford ordered machines to be made, won as you may think. You may lie before it a whole year, and and got ready to attack the castle more vigorously; and he declared, never conquer it by dint of force: but if you will put your confi. that nothing should make him depart, until he had gained possession deuce in me, I will point out a method by which you may gain it. of it. On the third day he was informed that sir Walter de Clisson It is proper to use artifice when strength is of no avail. You will was dead of the wounds he had received, which was confirmed. give me, if you please, five hundred men-at-arms, for me to act with Upon this the earl ordered, his men to arm themselves, to renew the as I shall think proper: I will advance with them half a league be. attack with vigor, and the machines which had been made to ad- fore your army, with the banner of Brittany displayed. As soon as vance, and large beams of timber to be thrown across the trenches, my brother, who is commandant of the town and castle, shall see in order to come to the walls of the castle. Those within defended the banner of Brittany, and distinguish me, I am sure he will open themselves with their cross-bows, and by throwing down upon the the gates, which I will enter and seize, as well as the town and assailants stones, firebrands, and pots cio hot lime, till toward mid- castle, and arrest my brother, whom I will give up to your will, if day, when the earl again summoned tham to surrender, promising lie will not follow my advice, under your promise of honor that you them indemnity for what was past, on their acknowledging him as will not do him any bodily harm." "No, by my head, I will not," their lawful lord. Upon this they had a long consultation, and the replied the earl, "and you have hit upon a lucky expedient. I love earl ordered a cessation of arms. After they had fully considered you more than before for it, and Shall be charmed with you, if you this proposal, they freely surrendered themselves, their persons and can bring it about that I may be master of the town and castle." effects being preserved inviolate. The earl then entered the castle, Sir Henry de Spinefort, aid his party, amounting to f.ci five hun. - with a few attendants, and received the f.alty of all those of the cas- dred armed men, took leave of- the earl, and, in the evening, came tlewick. He appointed a knight, in whcm lie had great trust, as the before Hennebon. As soon as Oliver de Spineciort knew of his argovernor of it, and returned, very well pleased, to his camp. rival, he permitted him and his forces to enter the gates, and went down the street to meet him. When sir Henry saw him approach, C~HAP T ER LXVI. ~hlie stepped forward, and talking hold of him said, " Oliver, you are CHAPTER LXVI. my prisoner." ".How is this?" replied Oliver: "I trusted in you, THE EARL OF MONTFORT TAKES TIE CITY OF RENNES. and thought you were come here to help and assist me in defending WHEN the earl hadi concluded this business, and had established this town and castle." "vSweet sir'," said sir Henry, "things do not proper guards and garrisco in the castle of Brest, lie was advised to go on in that manner. I take possession of this place for the earl of advance toward the cicy of Rennes, which was at no great distance. Montfort, who at this moment is duke of Brittany; to whom I, as fe ordered his camp to be broken up, and his army to march toward well as the greater part of the country, have sworn fealty and homage; &ennes: through all the country he passed, he made the inhabitants and you will, I am sure, do the same, for it will be more agreeable 3wear homage and fealty to him, as their liege lord, and took as to do it out of love than through compulsion, and my lord the earl sany with him as lie could, to help and assist his army. None will think himself the more obliged to you for it." Oliver was so lared-to r.fuse him, for fear of their persons. When he was arrived much pressed and entreated by his brother, that he consented to his At Arras,?he ordered his tents to be pitched, and placed his arnly proposals, and confirmed it to the earl, who entered the town trifound the tewn and suburbs. Those of the town made a show of umphantly, which is a large place, and a good sea-port. After having,defending thmcuselvres; their governor was sir H-enry de Spinefort, taken possession of the town and strong castle, he placed in both, -whom they much loved for his prowess and loyalty. He one day men-at-atrms, for their garrisons. He then advanced toward Vannes,,made a sally, with -two hundred men, before the dawn, upon the and was so active in treating with the inhabitants, that they surren-,eemmy's cam p, cutting down tents, and killing some few. UponI dered it, and swore fealty and homage, as to their true lord. He es-which the arnmy cried out "To arms," and made ready for their de- tablished in that town all miannier of municipal officers, and tarried Fence: those who were upon guard, hearing these cries, and tile there three whole days. When he departed, he marched to besiege -stir, advanced to!he -place, and met those of the town returning a very strong castle, called La Roche Perion, the governor of which -home. An attack commenced, which was boldly -fought on both was the lord Oliver de Clisson, cousin-german to the lord of Clissont. -,ides; when the army had armned themselves, they advanced to the The carl remained before it niore than ten days, without being Suupport of the guard; whichr the town's-people seeinm, lost cou'rage, able to find out any means to gain this castle, it was so strong, nor.and ran away as fast as they could, but many remained on the field, obtain any parley or conference with the governor, so that he might killed and prisoners. Among the last was sir Henry de Spinefort, attempt to gain him to his obedience, either by promises or by threats. Kho being brought to the earl of Montfort, he determined to send He therefore left it until he should have a greater force, and went to jim to the inhabitants of the town, to demand their surrender, or he besiege another castle, ten leagues off, called the castle of Aurni. Sir,wvould hang the knight before the gates: for he had heard how very Geoffi'y de Malestroit was governor of it, and he had for his cornpan. -murch he was beloved by them. ion, sir Yves de Trisiguidi. The earl made two assaults upon it,'Upon this demand the commonalty had a long consultation. They but he saw he should lose more than he could gain: he consented to;loved sir Henry much, and greatly compassionated him: they had a truce, and a day of parley, through the earnest solicitations of sir:also made buj very scanty provision for enduring a long siege, so Hervd de L6on++, who at that time was with him. The parley was tthat they wished to accept the terms offered: but the higher ranks so managed, that everything was amicably adjusted, and the two.of citizens would not agree to them, for they had laid in ample knights swore fealty and homage to the earl, who immediately de.,stores. This occasioned a quarrel among them; and as those of the parted, after having appointed them as his governors of the surround.'higher ranks were nearly allied to each other, they withdrew them. ing country, and went toward a strong castle in that neighborhood,:'elves on one side, and said aloud, that all who were of this opinion called Goy Ia Forest. He who was governor of it, perceiving that.,should come to.them: so many were of their way of thinking, and the earl had a strong force, and that all the country was submitting,connected with -them, that they amounted to full two thousand itself to him, by the advice and remonstrances of sir Herv6 de L6on.against acceptingthe earl's proposals. When the lower soits saw (with whom he had formerly been companion at arms in Prussia,,qis, they begana to stir, and cried out against them, using many bad Grenada, and in many other foreign countries) yielded it up to the sand villainous expressions, and at last fell upon them and killed earl, and swore fealty and homage to him, who continued him as:-iany. The ciizens!perceiving their danger, begged for mercy, and governor of the place. He then went to Carhaix, a good town, with promised to agree to whatever the people chose. Upon this the riot ceased, and the people ran to open the gates, and deliver up the city * Situated upon the river Binvet, in the diocese of Vannes, thirty-seven leagues from to the earl of Montfort. All the inhabitants, both great and small, Nantes..id him homage and fealty, acknowledginmg him for their lord. This t The Histoire de la Bretagne, by Pdre Morice, a Benedictine monk, says, that Oti. o —-a ~~~~~~~ver de Cl~isson was the true lord de Clisson. was done out of love to sir Henry de Spinefort, and he was made verde Clisso wasna the true turd~ de Utisson o s Called Henry de Leon in chapste 64. Both Lord Bemn and D. Sauvage's editor o~~h~ of t~he carp's councu., Imad Iicuru throughoutn-ci. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 51 a strong castle. The lord of it was a bishop, who at the time was right, for there are nearer heirs than you, whom you attempt to dis. there: he was uncle to sir I-Ierv6 de L6on, and by his advice and inherit: and, in order the better to strengthen your claim, you have affection for him, he surrendered it to the earl, acknowledging him been, as I am informed, to do homage for it to imy enemy, the king as his lord, until some other should come, and show a more just title of England." to the dukedom of Brittany*. The earl answered, "Oh dear, sir, do not believe it; for, in goo? truth, you have,een misinformed: but, with regard to my claim oi which you have just spoken, with all due deference to your grace, I C H A P T E R LXVIII. believe you are quite mistalien; for I know of no nearer relation tw rim, EARL OF MONTFORT DOES HOMAGE TO THE KING OF ENGLAND FOR the duke, my brother, lately deceased, than myself: and I shall not THE DUKEDOM OF BRITTANYt. think myself a rebel, or be ashamed, for not giving up my right."5 "Sir earl," said the king, "you say well; but I command you, by 5V~tn~ should I make a long story of it? The earl of Montfort con-' i ai"si h ig o a el u omn ob W should I make a long story of it? The earl of Motfort con- what you now hold, and expect to hold, from me, that you (lqut not the tinued his conquests, gained the whole country, and was everywhere addressed as duke of Brittany. He advanced to a sea-port town city of Paris for fifteen days, when the peers and barons shall try this claim of relationship; at which time you will know what your righ: called Roscoff, when he dismissed his troops, and sent them to garri- is: and, if you act otherwise, you will incur my displeasure." "Youi son and preserve for him the different towns he had won. He then w will shall be done, sir," answered the earl. He then left the court embarked, and landed in Cornwall, at a port called Cepsee, where, and returned to his hotel to dinner. When he was come there, he and returned to hils hotel to dinner. When he was come there, he upon his inquiries after the king of England, he was informed that he retired to his own chamber an hvin retired to his own chamber; and having well weighed and considered was at Windsor. He set off for that place, and was received at s w some suspicions he had conceived, he mounted his horse and set ou. Windsori by the king, queen, and all the barons at that time there,soeupionheadccivheontdisorendeto indsor, by the king, queen, and all the barons at that time thee, for Brittany, accompanied by a very small number of attendants, and with great joy. He explained to the king, the lord Robert d'Artois, arrived at Nantes, before the king or any others, except his owr and to the council, the manner of his seizing and taking possession particular friends, kne ything of the matter It was imagined of the duchy of Brittany, which had devolved to him, as next heir particular friends, knew anything of the matter It was imagined of the d uchy of Brittany, which had devolved to himo, as next helir ill health kept him within his hotel. He related to his countess al to his brother lately deceased. He suspected, however, that the lord that had happened, and wrote, according to her advice, to all the Charles of Blois, and the king of France, would attempt to deprive towns and castles which had been surrendered to him; established in him of it by force; for which reason he had come to hold the duchy c ab cats wih p t soders c a elsi r ot the king of Engla~nd, and to do him homage for it, provided he each able captains, with plenty of soldiers, cavalry as well as infantry, ot the king of Enladantodhi oa frtpvdd and paid them handsomely. should be secured against the king of France, or any others that should attempt to molest him in his rights. The king of England, considering that his war against France would be strengthened by this means-that hlie could not have a better entry into that kingdom C H A P T E R L X X. than through Brittany-that the Germans and Brabanters had done THE DUCHY OF BRITTANY ADJUDGED, BY THE PARLIAMENT OF PARIS, TO nothing for him, but cost him large sums-and that the lords of the THE LORD CIHARLES DE BLOIS. empire had led him up and down, taking his money, without making t~ IT may be easily conceived, that the king of France, and lornI any return for it-was very happy to comply with the earl's request, IT ar y be easily conceived, that the kring of France, and lore and received his homage for the duchy by the hand of the earl, who Charles de Blois, were exceedingly enraged, on heang that the was called and addressed by the title of duke. The king then gave earl of Montfort had escaped from them. However, they waited for his promise, in the presence of the lords who had accom~panied him, his promise, in the presence of the lords who had accompanied him, the expiration of the fifteen days, when the peers and barons were to as well as before those barons of England that were there, that he give their judgment to whom belonged the duchy of Brittany. They would aid, defend, and preserve him, as his liege man, against any adjudged it wholly to the lord Charles de Blois, from the earl of Mont one, the king of France, or any other, to the uttermost of his royal fort, for two reasons. One was, because the wife of lord Charles de power. These proises and homage were written and sealed, and Blois, as the representative of her father (who after the last duke was each party had a copy of them. After this, the king and queen made the ext brother, both by ather and mother,) was a nerer relation such rich presents of jewels, and other gifts, to the earl, and to those than the earl of Montfort, who was the youngest of these brothers, by t3 ~~~~than the earl of Montfort, who was the youngest of these brothers, by suc rih resntsofjewlsan oter ifs, o te arl an t thseanother mother; which mother had never been duchess of Brittany; king, and fit to reign many years in great prosperity. They after- so that he ever could deduce any clim rom her. Another as, wards took leave, embarked, and landed at Roscoff, a town in Brit. that, supposing the earl of Moi tfort had any legal claim to ie suc tany, the place whence they had sailed; and thence he went to cession, he had forfeited it, because he had done homage for it to Nantes, where his countess had remained, who told him that he had another lord than the king of France, to whom he owed it; and also, dlone well, and had acted wisely. because he had transgressed the commands of the king of France, had broken his arrest, and had quitted Paris without leave. When the barons had publicly given theirjudgment in this affair, the king CHAP T E R LX IX. called to his nephew, the lord Charles of Blois, and said to him, HE EARL OF MIONTFORT SUNMMONED BEFORE THE FARLIAMENT OF FARIS 1 "Good nephew, you have had adjudged to you a handsome and great AT THE REQUEST OF OTHE LFF ORD CHPARLIESN OF BLOIS. heritage; make haste to take possession of it, and conquer it from AT THE REQUEST OF THE LORD CHARLESS OF BLOIS. him who wrongfully holds it; and entreat all your friends to aid and WpEN thela lord Charles of lois, who, by right of his wife, looked assist you in this undertaking. I will not fail you, but will lend you upon himself as lawful duke of Brittany, was informed that the earl money in sufficiency, and will give orders to my son, the duke of John of Montfort was conquering, by force of arms, all the country and Normandy, to take the command of the expedition." The lord fortresses which of right belonged to him, he went to Paris, and Charles made a profound reverence to the king, and returned him complained of it to king Philip, his uncle. King Philip called upon many thanks. He soon after requested the duke of Normandy his his twelve peers for their advice what was best to be done in this cousin the count d'Alenon his uncle, the duke of Burgundy, the cousin, the count d'Alenqon his uncle, thie duke of Burgundy, the business. They recommended, that the earl of Montfort should be count de Blois his brother, the duke of Bourbon, the lord Lewis of sent to and summoned, by properly qualified messengers, to appear Spain, the lord James of Bourbon, the count d'Eu, at that time con. at Paris, to be interrogated judicially; which was done. The mes- stable of France, the count de Guines his son, the viscount de oha sengrs oun th ear inthecit of ants, eepng geatfeatsstable of France, the count de Guines his son, the viscount de Rohark sengers found the earl in the city of andntes, keeping great feasts, and all the princes and barons then present, to assist him to gain hit which he made them partake of, and told them, he would be obedient ito the kings commands, and would cheerfully attend them. He right; which they all promised, and said they would cheerfully follox tothe kirymang's icmmn p aatond s cee m Natesnd t - him, and their lord, the duke of Normandy, with all the forces they nmade very magnificent preparations, set out from Nantes, and journeyed on till he came to Paris, which he entered with more than four neyedt on till he came to Paris, which he entered with more than four Lord Berners, whose account agrees with that in D. Sauvage's edition, representthundred attendants on horseback, and tarried there that day and Montfort as willing to submit to judgment, if given against mimm; and aa this is a favornight. On the morrow, about eight o'clock, he and his attendants able opportunity for contrasting the style of Lord Berners' and Mr. Johnes's transiamounted their horses, and rode to the palace, where king Philip was tions, we annex the whole passage. waiting for him, surrounded by his twelve peers, great numbers of "The next day, he (the earl of Montfort) and all his mounted on their horses, and other barons, and the lord Charles of Blois. When the earl of Mont- rode to the kynge's palayse. Ther the kynge and his xii peres, with other great lordes other barons, and the lord Charles of Blos. When the earl of n ofFraunce, taryed his commying, and the lordeCharlesofBlois with thie. Than therle fort was arrived at the palace, he withdrew to the chamber where entred into the kynge's chambre: he was well regarded and sainuted of every person the king and his barons were: he was civilly regarded and saluted Than liheenelyned hymselfe to the kyng, and sayd, Sir, I am come hyther at yomr by them. He advanced toward the king, and making him a reve- comaundementand pleasure. Than tihe kyng sayd, earl of Mountfort, fir your so doing rence, said, Sir, I come here in obedience to yourI can you good thanke, howbeit, 1 have marueyle howe that ye durste undertake on you the duchy of Bretayne, wherein ye have no right, for there is another nerer than ye good pleasure." The king replied, "Earl Montfort, I thank you for be, and ye wolde disinheryt hym; and to mentayrme your quarell, ye have ben wt myno so doing; but I am much surprised how you could think or dare, of aduersary the kynge ofEnglande, andas it is shrewed me ye haue done hym homage fot your own accord, to invade the duchy of Brittany, xvhere you have no tihe same. Than therle sayd, Sir beleue it nat, for surely ye are but yuell enfermed in that belmaif; but sir, as for the right that ye speke of, sauying your dispeasur, ye do ~ It was the bishop of auimper, Aiain ie Gal, who was probably on his visitation me therein wrong, for sir, 1 knows nore so nereto my brotmer that is departed as t;/f/l round his diocese. The author of the History of Brittany before quoted, seems to doubt 2 0 jged or plapaly declared by might that there wore a nether nerer thaa 1, Imeolde the relationship between the bishop and sir Hervr de Leon. not be rebell nor ashamed to leave it. Well, sir, quoth time kyng, ye say wmell: but I t Froissart seems to mistake this homage for the one the earl of Moatfort paid to time comnad you, in all that ye holde ofme, that ye depart not out oftimis rymie ofParys tis king of England as earl of Richmond, which had fallen to the king on the death of xv dayes, by which tyme the xii peres and lordes of my realme shall iudge this mater, earl John. But I cannot accomnt for this, as Froissart before says, king Edward created and tha ye shall knowe what right ye hane, and if ye do otimerwyse, ye shall displease Robert d'Artois earlof Richmond. Montfbrt positively denied having paid any homage, me. Thantheri sayd, sir, all siral be at yor pleasumre. Than hewent ito the courttohis when he attended the king of France, at Paris, in obedience to his summons. The lodgynge to dyner. Whan he came to his lodgynge, hie eatred into his ehambre, a054 procuration to treat with tie duke of Brittany, and the powers to receive hir homage for ther satte and ymgined many doutes, and finally, witim a small company, he mounted tile lands appertaining to the earldom of Richmond, are given to the archbishop of Can- mn his horse, and retourned agayne into Bretayne, or tire king or any other wyst wier h~ terburr. and sit Walter Scroop, botin dated the 13th March, 1331 — R~EER Some thought he had been but a lytell sirke in his lndgving." —F. 5CHRONICLFS OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPA-IN, &c. covl4 collect together Upon which every one set off Cor his own could; but they were so closely pursued, that numbers were killed, Iaome, to make himself ready, and provide properly for the occasion. and more than two hundred burgesses of the town taken prisoners. The earl of Montfort was very angry at this, and blamed sir Hervd much for having ordered the retreat so soon. Sir liervy took this to heart, and would never attend the councils of the earl, as he had C H A P T ER L X X I. formerly used to do; which conduct surprised many VHE LORDS OF FRANCE ENTER BRITTANY, WITH LORD CHARLES DE BLOIS, WEuvN all the lords of Normandy, the count d'Alengon, the duke of Burgundy, and the others that were to accompany the lord Charles de Blois, in his expedition to conquer Brittany, were ready, C H A P T E R L X X II. some of themrn set out fri'om Paris, and the rest from different places, in THE EARL OF MONTFOtT TAKEN PRISONER AT NANTES, AND THE MAN order to meet together at Angers. From thence they proceeded to I —- N~~~~~~~~~~~~~~tER OF HIls DEATHt. Ancenis which is at the extremity of the kingdom on that side. They remained there three days, for the purpose of arranging and IT came to pass, as I have heard it relate{, that the burgesses, see.rdering their army and baggage. Upon entering Brittany, they ing their property destroyed both within and without the town, and xumbered their forces, and found them to amniount to five thousand their children and friends thrown into prison, were fearful lest worse nen-at-arms, without counting the Genoese, who were at least three might happen to them: they therefore assembled privately, and, in thousand, under the command of three knights from Genoa: the their meetings, came to a determination to treat in an underhand name of one was Othes de Rae, and of another Charles Germanly.* manner, with the lords of France, about obtaining a peace, securing There was a large body of f'ot soldiers and cross-bowmen, led on their property, and delivering their children and friends out of Frison. by sir Galois ce Baume. When the whole army had marched out Their proposals were acceded to; and their friends were to be set at of Ancenis, they advanced toward a very strong castle, situated liberty, upon condition that they would allow them to pass through upon a high mountain, called Chiteauceaux, on the borders of Brit- one of the gates of the town, to attack the castle, and seize the earl tany, which was very well provided with men and ammunition. It of Montfort, without doing hurt, either to the city or to any of the was under the coimmand of two knights from Lorraine; one called inhabitants. There were some people who seemed to say, that this sir Giles, and the other sir Valerian. The lords of France, on treaty was brought about through the solicitation of sir Herve de drawing near to this castle, were of opinion to besiege it; for if they Ldon (who had formerly been one of the earl's chief advisers,) omt left a place of such strength behind them, it would dothem much of revenge for having been menaced and blamed by him, as before harmi. They therefore surrounded it, and made many assaults, related. By this means they entered the city, accompanied by as particularly the Genoese, who were eager to show themselves at the many as tIey chose, went straight to the castle broke down the gates, onset, and lost many of their men; for those within made so gallant a and took the earl of Moltfort, whom they carried off to their camp, defence, that these gentlemen remained a long time before it without without injuring house or inhabitant in the city. This event took any success. At last, however, they brought such quantities of great place in the year of grace 1341, about All-Saints day. The lords of bealns and faggots as filled up the ditches so that tlhey could get to France entered the city in great triumph; when all the burgesses and the foot of the walls of the catstle, and attacl it with greater vigor. inhabitants did homage and fealty to the lord Charles de Blois, as to The besieged flung down upon them stonies, hot lime, and brands of their true lord. They continued in the city for three days, keeping fire, notwithstanding which, their opponents advanced close to the great feasts;* they advised the lord Charles to remain there, and in walls, having secured themselves by means of large beams, so that its neighborhood, until another season, and to employ the soldiers of they could minme the walls under cover. Upon this the castle was the garrisons firom the places he had won in the most advantageous surrendered, the lives and effects of the garris'm.being spared. manner. These lords then took their leave and departed, and rode When the lords of France had thus gained the castle, the duke of on till they came to Paris, where the king was, to whom they de. Normandy, as commandeir-in- chief, gave it up to the lord Charles de livered up the earl of Montfort, as his prisoner. The king confined Blois, as appertaiinlg to him of right, who placed a garrison there, him in the tower of the Louvre at Paris, where he remamined for a with a sufficient force to gu'rd it and the neighboring country, and length of time, and at last died there, as it has been told me for a also to conduct such troops after hinm is ieht arrive.i They thenll truth.t advanced toward Nantes, which is the principal town of Brittany, and I wish now to return to the countess of Montfort, who possessed where their enemy, th earl of Montfort, had fixed his residenice. The the courage of a marn, and the heart of a lion. She was in the city earshals of the army, and the advanced guard, came to a tolerable of Rennes when she heard of the seizure of her lord; and, notwith. guo town, surr.un ded with ditches, which they iimmediately at- standisig the great grief she had at heart, she did all she could to tackedl. Those within were not very numerous, nor well armed; comfort and reanimate her firiends and soldiers: showing them a consequently'he town was soon taken and pillaged: one half of it young child, called John, after his father, she said, "1Oh, gentlemen, was burnt and the inhabitants slhuain. This town was called Carquefou, do not be cast down by what we have suffered through he loss of and is about four or five leagues from Nantes. The lords remained my lord: he was but one man. Look at my little child, here: if' it for the night in that neighborhood: the next day they advanced to please God, he shall bie his restorer, and shall do you much service. I Nantes, which they laid siege to, and pitched their tents and pavil- have plenty of wealth, which I will distribute among you, and will ions. The men-at-arms in the city, who were very numerous, and seek out for such a leader, as may give you a proper confidence." the citizens, having perceived this, hastened to arm themselves, and When the countess had, by these means, encouraged her friends and went to the diffierent posts assigned theim for defending their town, soldiers at Rennes, she visited all the other towns and fortresses, The army before it, having fixed upon their quarters, went out a for- takling her young son John with her. She addressed amd encouraged aging; and some of the Genoese and foot soldiers advanced, as far them in the same manner as she had done at Rennes. She strength. ss the barriers, to skirmish. Several young men of the town with a ened her garrisons both with men and provisions, paid handsomely o.ew soldiers sallied out to meet them, and many were slain on both for everything, and gave largely wherever she thought it would have fides. Skirmishes were continually going on as long as the army a good effect. She then went to Hennebon, near the sea, where she remained before it. and her son remained all that winter; frequently visiting her garOne morning, some of the soldiers and citizens sallied forth, to risons, whom she encouraged, and paid liberally. teek adventures. They met about fifteen carts loaded with provistons, going to the armny, conducted by sixty persons. Those firol * Tihe French remained at Nantes until the 1th December: and the earl of Montfort the town were two hunmdred. They fell upon them, seized the carts, surrendered the town himself to the duke of Normandy, on learning whlat were the real and slew mniminy. Those that escaped fled to the army, and related ctispoSitions of the tiwnsmen, and knowilng he could not longer depend on them. It is what had passed; wihen inimediatoly a detachment was sent to rescue said, hlie was deceived by the finespeechlies of the duke, who promised, on oath, to deliver hint again the town of Nantes, in the same state hie received it, and granted him passthe prisoners. They came tp with them near the barriers: the affray ports, &c.-Hist. of Brittany. them becamet more serious; for tlhose fioi the mfirmy multiplied so Froisart has been misinfrmed. "tIt was aliout this time, (1445) that the earl al quickly, that the citizens hiad enough to do. However, they took Monttibrt fbund means to escape from the tower of the Louvre, where hlie mad been conthe horses fironm the carts, anid drove them into the town, that if their finued upward of tlhree years. Somne persois, tuhed witi compassion, disgised roimn opponents should gain the field. they might not so easily carry off the mercnt, ai assisted him in escpe. e we direcl to Engnl, ni itid wagons or provismom Other soldiers camo out from the town, so king Edwavrd at WVestminster, who had just written to the Pope, to cmplhin of the inwagons or provisions Other soldiers cam out from the town, to fractions Philip de Valois was making on the tiruce concluded at Malestroit, and to exhelp their friends or relations: it became every momenit more severe, plain the reasons hlie had fbr declaring war magainst himi. le was solely occupied with and of a long continuance: many were killed and wounded on both the great armament lie svas preparing against France, and the war hlie intended to carry sides. At length, Sam Herve'1 do Leoii perceived is was time to retreat: on in Gascony. Nevertlheless, lie thoughlt proper to grant some troops to the earl of More ttbrit, to suipport him against Charles de Blois; the command of which he gave to'for, by staying, they miWht lose more than they could g ain; lie there- William Hhmrm, earl of Northampton, whom he had nomin ated his lieutenant-general, fore ordered those in the town to retire in the best manner they as well in Brittany as in France. "The earl of Montfmmrt, befbre lie quitted England, paid homage liege to the king fom the duchy of Brittany, at Lambethi, in the apartment of the archbishop, in presen~ce of ~ According to the Annals of Genoa, by Agostiino Justiniano, I thimik their namimes the earl of Bortiampton, and several other lords. ought to be Odeactrticrle Doric aind Cha~nrles G1~.i~I~rimadi.-D zENvs ShVAu C.. " He embarked with the troops fimr iis ducmly —made an unsuccessfsfi attack on Quimi V~lalmni, in his (ihroniqne Uniiverselle, makes mention of iston Iosie and Cmtarles per, which lie diid not lonmg survive. Hte died the 26'th Sepmtuember, 1345, in the castle of Grimaadi, as captains of time Genoese, at the battle of Crecy. —ldeIr. Hennelon, amnd ilvas first buried in the church of the Holy Cross at Kimperln, but wat T The historian md B;lttany saiyq, the French kept this plmce, mid that king Joh1n gave afterwiards trmansferred to time church of the Dofminicamns, in the same town. Before ha utas an apa.nagv t- his o, n, Lewis count d'Anjou. Charles V. acknowledged that it mieatai he made a will, and appointed the king of Engliand guardian to hii son0 Jo1hn 01 belonged to the dykei4 of tBuittamny, amid gave it back Brittany." —Ilist. de Brctagae. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &e. 53 CHAPTER LXXIII. they conducted him to the town of Perth. Thither came people fromn all parts to see him, and to carouse: they afterwards remon. THE KING OF ENGLAND, FOR TIIE THIRD TIME, MAKiES WVAR UPON TIlE SCOTS. strated with him upon the destruction which king Edward and the iT has been mentioned before, how the lords of Scotland, during English had done to Scotland. King David told them he would have the siege of Tournay, had retaken many towns and fortresses from ample revenge, or lie would lose his kingdom, and his life into the Whe English, which they possessed in Scotland. There only remained bargain. By the advice of his council, he sent messengers to all to thenm the castles of Stirling, Roxburgh, and Berwick. The Scots his friends, far and near, to beg and entreat they would aid and assist had laid siege to the castle of Stirling, assisted by some French lords, him in this enterprise. The earl of Orkney was the first who obeyed whom king Philip sent to aid them in their wars, and had pressed it the summons: he was a great and powerful baron, and had married so closely. that the English garrison found great difficulty in holding king David's sister. There came with him many men-at-arms. There it out. When the king of England was returned into his own coun- were such numbers from all parts, that, when they were arrived at try, he thought it advisable to make an incursion into Scotland, Perth and its neighborhood, on the day which king David had ap. which he immediately set about, and began his march between pointed, they amounted to sixty thousand men on fcot, and three Michaellnas and All-Saints. He issued out his summons for all thousand men nmore mounted on galloways, with arms, knights, and archers and men-at-arms to follow him to York. The English put squires: in short, all the nobility and gentry of Scotland. Wheo, themselves in motion to obey his commands, and came to the place they were ready, they set out, to do as much mischief as possible I appointed. The king arrived at York, where he remained waiting for his forces, who follow. ed him very quickly. When the Scots heard ofthe king's arrival at York, thiey pushed on the siege of Stirling with the greatest vigor; and by engines and cannons so pressed the garrison, that they were forced to surrender it, preserving their lives, but not their effects. This intelligence was brought to the king, where he lay. IHe began his march toward Stirling, and came to Newcastle-upon-Tyne, where, and in the neighlboring villages,' he quartered his army, and continued upward of a month, waiting for their purveyances, which had been embarked between All-Saints and St. Andrew's day. Many of their ships wereh lost; and they had sustained such contrary winds, that they were driven upon the coasts of Holland and Friezeland, in spite of all their w efforts, so that very few arrived at Newcastle. On which account the army of the king of England, which consisted of six thousand cavalry and torty thousand infantry, were in very great distress, and provisions exceedingly scarce. They could not advance farthler, as the winter was set in, and no forage or provisions to be had; for the Scots had secured all the cattle and corn in their fortresses. The Scottish lords, who, after the conquest of PART oF THIE OLD TOWs WALL oF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.- From an Original Drawiag by tlchardson. Stirling, had retired to the forest of Jedworth, understanding Tthat the king of England was comne to Newcastle with a large force, to burn and destroy their coun- their neighbors in England: for the truce was expired; or to fight.try, collected together, to consider the best means to defend them- with the king who had destroyed their country. They left, thereselves. They were not very numerous, and had carried on the war, fore, the town of Perth, in regular order, and came the first night to night and day, for more than seven years, without a leader, very much Dunfermline, where they lay, Otn the morrow, they crossed a small Uto their own discomfort: and, seeing there was no expectation of re- arm of the sea* hard by. When they had all passed, they pushed ceiving succor from their own king, they determined to send to the forward, and went under Edinburgh castle, traversing Scotland near king of England a bishop and an abbot, to solicit a truce. to Roxburgh, where there was an English garrison, but without These embassadors set out, and came to Newcastle-upon-Tyne, making an attack upon it, for fear of losing any of their men, or where they found the king surrounded by his barons; to whom, hay- despoiling their artillery; not knowing what force they might have lig come with a safe conduct, they explained so handsomely their to encounter, as they proposed doing some gallant deeds of renown mission, that a truce was granted them for four months, upon condi- before their return to Scotland. tion that the Scots should send messengers to king David in France, They then passed near to the town of Berwick, but without assault and signify to him, that if, in the month of May following, he did ing it, entered the county of Northumberland, and came to the rivet not return to his own country, with powers sufficient to defend it Tyne, burning and destroying all the country through which they against king Edward, theya would own themselves subjects to the passed. They marched on until they wexe before the town of New. king of England, and never more ackinowledge him for their lord. castle, where king David and his army halted that night, in order to Upon this the two prelates returned to Scotland, when the Scots consider if they could not achieve something worthy of them. To. ordered sir Robert de Vesci and sir Simon Frazer, with two other ward daybreak, some gentlemen of the neighborhood, who were in knights, to set off for France, to inform the king of these conditions. the town, made a sally out of one of the gates, in a secret manner, The king of England, who remained at Newcastle with his whole with about two hundred lances, to make an attack upon the Scots army in a very uncotmfortable manner, on account of the scarcity of army. They fell upon one of the wings of the army, directly on provisions and other stores, the more readily granted this truce: he the quarters of the earl of Moray, who bore for his arms three pillows, immediately set off homeward, and dismissed all his troops. The gules on a field argent. He was in his bed when they took him embassadors from'Scotland to France took their way through Eng. prisoner, and killed a great many before the army was awakened. land, and crossed the sea at Dover. King David, who had remained Having made a very large booty, they regained the town, which they seven years in France, knowing that his country had been much entered with great joy and triumph, and delivered up the earl of desolated, and that his people had suffered exceedingly, determined Moray to the governor, the lord John Nevilie.t When the army to take his leave of the king of France, and return to his own king- was awakened and armed, they ran likwe madmen toward the town, dom, to endeavor'to comfort and assist them. He therefore had set even to the barriers, where they made a fierce assault, which lasted out, accompanied by his queen, before these embassadors arrived, a considerable time. It availed them, however, nothing, but the loss and had embarked at another port, under the guidance of a mariner of their people; for the town was well provided with men-at-arms called sir Richard the Fleming,* so that he landed in the port of Moray, in Scotland, before any of the lords knew of it.t * t Ife was ifterwards exchanged for the earl of Salisbury, made prisoner by the C H A P T E R L X X I V. French nearLisle. The French would not release Salisburry, untess hemade oath, never more to hear arnie in Fran:e; and Edward Ill, consented to this extraordinary I REcondition, 20th May, 1042. —./1..eals of Scotlrnrd, vol. 2, p. 210. CASTLE-UPON-TYNE. Lord lBerners describes this attarc In these spirited words: "And in the morning a WH.EN the young king David was landed in his own country, his certayne nombrre of gentylnien thnt swere i the towne yssued out to the number of cc subjects came to him in crowds; and with great joy and solemnity nmeres. to mate is krl in the srrtt!sshie rest: thry s/calmed into dee Scottrssoe host, aighl on therle of J'forets tastes, wlriro leare ini his armsoulr, syluer thrree creylles goules; thter ~ Malcolm Fleming of Cummirnald. they toke hyrn ir his bed, nand sheese irn y, or thorst was moned, nal wan great pyllage t David 1h., with his consort, Johanna of England, landed from France, at Ilnr- T far-n thee returned ints the towne broldely with great iore, and delyuered therle Motr Warvie n Kincardineshire. 4th May. 1841. —.AnaJal Seafotl/and. I as orsone' to the canUtrtne of the csatell trei lorh Johr Nenell "-En CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. who defended themselves valiantly and prudently, which obliged tilhe wood; when he nnd his companions fell upon them, killed and assailants to retire with loss,. wounded upward of two hundred, and took one hundred and twenty horses very richly laden, which they drove toward the castle. The criers and the runaways soon reached the lordl Willianm Douglas, C H A ~T E R Lx x v. ~~who commanded the rear-guard, and had already passed the wood. C HAP T ER L XX V~ DWhoever at that time had seen the Scots return full gallop, over K DAVD OF SCOTLAND TES AN DESTROS TIE CITY OF DIiAM. mountain and valley, with sir William Douglas at their head, would WXIEN king David and his council saw that their stay before New- have been alarmed. They made such haste'that they soon came to castle was dangerous, and that they could neither gain profit nor the castle, and -scended the hill on w'hich it is situated with great honor, they departed, and entered the bishopric of Durham, burning expedition; but as they came to the barriers, those within had closed and destroying as they marched. They came before the city of them, and placed what they had seized in safety. The Scots com. Durham, which they laid siege to, and made many attacks upon it, meiced a violent assault, and the garrison defended themselves well: like men distracted in revenge for the loss of the earl;f Moray; and the two Williams did all they could devise to hurt each other. Thia they also kinew that very great wealth was carried into it by all thie lsted until the whole army, andi even the king himself, arrived there. inhabitants of the country who had fled thither. They, therefore, were When the king and his council saw their people lying dead, and the every day more earnest in their attacks; and the king of Scotland assailants sore wounded, without ganiing anything, he ordered them ordered some engines to be made, that they might approach to assault them nearer the walls. When the Scots had marched firom before Newcastle, the governor, lord John Neville, mounted a fleet courser, passed by them, foir lie was as well acquainted with all the by — roads and passes as a native,*' and made such haste, that iii five days he camine to Chertsey, where the king of England then was, and re -- hated t. the king of England all that the Scots were doing. Thie king sent out immediately his messengers, ordering all knights, squires, and others, that were able to assist him, above the age of fifteen and under sixty years, with- - __ out fail, upon hearing these orders, to set out directly toward the marches of the north, to succor and defend the kingdom against the Scots, wio were destroying it. Upon this earls, barons, knights;and the commonalties cfrom the provincial towns, made themselves ready, and hastened most cheerfully to obey the umilmons, and advance toward Berwick. The king himself set off directly, such was his impatience, without waiting for any one; mad he was followed by his subjects, as fast' its they could, from all parts. During this tinie, the king of Scotland made so many WARE CASTLE, NORTHUMBERLAND. violent attacks with the engines hlie had constructed upon thlle city of Durham, that those who were within could not prevent it from being taken, pillaged, to desist, and to seek out for quarters; for he was determined not and burnt. All were put to death without mercy, and without to leave the place before hlie had seen his men revenged. Upon this distinction of persons or ranks, men, women, children, monks, every one was employed in searching out where hlie could lodge canons, and priests; no one was spared, neither was there house himself, to collect the dead, and to dress the wounded. The king, or church left standing. It was pity thus to destroy, in Christendom, on the morrow, ordered all to be ready for the attack of the castle: the churches wherein God was served and honored.t those within prepared themselves to defend it. This assault wvas very fierce and perilous, and many gallant deeds were performed. The countess of Salisbury, who was esteemed one of the most CHAPTER LXXVI. beautiful and virtuous women in England, was in this castle, which belonged to the earl of Salisbury, who had been taken prisoner, with IE ING F SCOTLAND BESIGE W CASTLE, LOGING TO TiE the earl of Suflflk, near Lisle, and was still in prison at the Chitelet EARL OF SALISBURY. in Paris. The king had given him this castle, upon his marriage, v7IEN the king of Scotland had done this, he was advised to fall for his many deeds of valor, and for the services he had received back upon the river Tyne,t and retreat toward Scotland. As he friom the said earl, who was'ornmerly called sir William Montacute, was on the march, he halted one night hard by a castle belongiiig to as appears in another part of this book. The countess comniforted the earl of Salisbury, which wais well furnished vith men-at-arms, much those within tihe castle; and from thIe sweetness of her looks, The captain of it was sir William Montacute, son to the sister of and the charm of being encouraged by such a beautiful lady, one the earl, and so called after an uncle who had that name. When mnian in time of need ought to be worth two. This attack lasted a the night was passed, king David decamped, to pursue his march to considerable time,.and the Scots lost a great nmany men; for they Scotland; and the Scots passed through roads close to this castle, advanced boldly up to it, and brought large trees and beams to fill neavily laden, with the booty which they had made at Durham. As up the ditches, that they might bring, their machines, if' possible, soon as sir WVilliam saw that they had passed the castle without nearer, to play upon the castle: but the garrison made so good a halting, he sallied out of it well armed on horseback, with about defence, that they were forced to retreat; and the king ordered the forty companions, and followed in eilence the last division, which machines to be watched, to renew tIhe attack the next day. Each consisted of horses so loaded with money and riches that they could retired to their quarters, except those who guarded the machines: scarcely get on, and came up with them at the entrance of a small some bevailed the dead, others comforted the wounded. Those of soebwildtheda, other comore ah one.Toeo * "ar l svei t~en esadresses et ]es refuges du p-ays, commre cehdi qui eTn estoi, " Car it savoit hien e dreses et les rfges di pays, cesium ce/i if e ett," the castle saw that they lhad too hard a task, for they were much are the words used hy Froissart, and they should probably be rendered, "fir lie had a fatigued; and, if king David were steady to his purpose, they should nautive's knowlecdge of the by-roads and passes." Sir John Neviil here spoken of was have difficulty to defend it. They therefore thought it advisable to thi eldest son and heir ofRalph lord tie Nevill, and father of the first earl of Westmiore- send some one to kin0 Edward, who was amrived at Berwick,* which land. and the estates of the firanily lay in the north.-ED. t Lord Berners translates this passage rather more correctly, as Froissart did not nean they knew for truth, from some of the Scott prisoners they had tsken, o say that tihe burning of churches in a pagan country would not be equally a pity as and were looking out for a proper person for this business: for not one m Christendom. "'The city was wcil by thrce, and robbed and clene birent: and all would agree to quit the defence of the castle, or of the beautiful lady, manner of' people put to deth without minercy, men, swoee n, and chyldren, ioakes, in order to carry this message, end there was much stuife among preestes and ciaanons; so that tiher abode alyue no manier of person, house amor church, but it'a-is destrosedso the atiicie wtiss treat ptte so sr ies c/ri sithem,: which, when their captain, sir William iMotaontacute, saw, he but it was destro:yed; the whiehe was great pytte so to aa~rycr.tn lodad the tchirches of God whierein tha.tGod washoonourel and seried." said, " I am very well pleased, gentlemen, with your loyalty and This pissage is erimarkal~ie a asn illustration of the superstitious fee in s of these chi- heartiness, as well as for your affection to the lady of this house; so vairic timeos. lye have hefbre had nianr accouints ofbfurnings and massacres, nay, even that, out of my love for her and for you, I will risk roy person in this of the violation of' iiiins, hlo, all were passed hiy as mere niatters ofcourse. " I taim a uodv leadint: Jihnes's F'roissart," says MIrs. ahiimiiuld in one of lier eiegant letters, "and I adven ture. I have great confidence and trust in you, and that you,hink! was never orne struck u-ithli tme horrors of var —sihnply because he secims not at will defend the castle until I shall return. On the other hand, I a'l struck iViwis tliem." It is only when the churches are included in the destruction have the greatest hopes in our lord the king, and that I shall bring that the comripassion rif the canon is excited, —Eu). As XVialr Castle is sitiatel on the Tweed, it must.e thee Tsseed, inisteaud of Tynae. I have, ia ronseqnueice, altered Scotltnd for Carlisle, as it is in the original; othen'ihme * This seeins uncorcect, as in that reie tShe Engish army would have intercepted tim it would be iticonrect as to the geography of the country. i3cot tn liei return. Lord Berners read Yores, and Sauvage's edhition /ai-rick. —El~ CHIRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 55 iack with me, speedily, such succor, to your greatjoy, that you will she ordered all the gates to be thrown open, and went to meet him, dil be rewarded for the gallant defence you shall have made." most richly dressed; insomuch, that no one could took at her but This speech cheered both the countess and all present. When with wontder, and admiration at her noble deportment, great beauty, night came, sir William prepared himself the best way he could, to and affability of behavior. When she came near the king, she made Iet out of the castle privately, and unseen by any of the Scots. her reverence to the ground, and gave him her thanks for comning to F'ortunately for him, it rained so hard all night, that none of them her assistance, and then conducted him into the castle, to entertain luitted their quarters: he therefore passed through the army without and honor him, as she was very capable of doing. Every one was being noticed. Shortly after, and about daybreak, he met, on his delighted with her: the king could not take his eyes off her, as he road, two Scotsmen, about half a league from their army, driving thought he had never seen so beautiful or sprightly a lady; so that thither two oxen and a cow: sir William, knowing them to be a spark of fine love struck upon his heart, which lasted a long time, Scotsmen, wounded them both very severely, kilied the cattle that for he did not believe that the whole world produced any other lady they might not carry them to the army, and said to them, "1 Go and so worth.of being beloved. Thus they entered the castle, hand in tell your king, that William Montacute has passed through his army, hand: foi the lady led him first into the hall, then to his chamiber, and is gone to seek for succor fi'om the king of England, who is which'as richly furnished, as belonging to so fine a lady. The now at Berwick." When thie Scots lords heard this,* they said to king kept his eyes so continually upon her, that the gentle damrne was one another, "The king often miakes his men be wounded and killed quite abashed. After he had sufficiently examined his apartmnent, without any reason;" aid, believing that the king of England would he retired to a window, and leaning on it, fell into a profound reverie. come to give them battm- before they should gain the castle, they The countess went to entertain the other knights and squires, ordered went in a body to t-e king, and told him, that his longer stay there dinner to be made ready, the tables to be set, and the hall ornamented would neither br;ng him lionor nor profit; that their expedition had and dressed out. When she had given all the orders to her servants turned out exceedingly well, and that they had done much mischief she thought necessary, she returned, with a cheerful countenance, to to the English by renifining in their country twelve days, and burning the king, who continued musing, and said to him, " Dear sir, what and destroying the city of Durham; that, everything considered, it are you musing on? So much medit:iting is not proper for you, was now proper for theti to return to their own kingdom and homes, saving your grace: you ought rather to be in high spirits, for having and carry off safe the booty they had made; and that, at another driven your enemies before you, without their having had the cour. season, they would follow him to England, according to his will and age to wait for you, and should leave the trouble of thinking to pleasure. The king did not choose to act contrary to the opinions others." The king replied, "Oh, dear lady, you must know, tha' of his chieftains, but consented to their advice, sore against his will. since I have entered this castle, an i(nea has struck my mind that 1 Ott the morrow, he and his whole army decamped and marched was not aware of; so that it behoves me to reflect upon it. I am straight for the forest of Jedwortlht, where the wild Scots lived at uncertain what may be the event, for I cannot withdraw my whole their case; for he was desirous of' knowing what the king of Eng- attention from it." "Dear sir," replied the lady, " you ought to be land meant to do, whether hlie would return to his own kingdom, or of good cheer, and feast with your friends, to give them more advance further northward.t pleasure, and leave off thinking and meditating; for God has been very bountiful to you in all your undertakings, and showed you so much favor, that you are the most feared and renowned prince in CHAPTER LXXVII. Christendom. If the king of Scotland have vexed you by doing harm to your kingdom, you can, at your pleasure, make yourself TH Itt OF ENLAN Is ENMOR wI THE CONTESS OF amends at his expense, as you have done before: therefore come, if sALIsBsRY. you please, into the hall to your Iknights, for dinner will soon be TmrT same day that the Scots had decamped from before the ready." castle of Wark, king Edward, and his whole army, arrived there "4Oh, dear lady," said the king, "-other things touch my heart, about midday, and took utip their position on the ground which the and lie there, than what you think of;. for, in truth, the elegant car. Scots had occupied. When he found that they were returned home, riage, the perfections and beauties which I have seen you possess, he was much eniraged; for he had come with so much speed, that have very much surprised me, and have so deeply impressed my both his men and horses were sadly fatigued. He ordered his men heart, that my happiness depends on meeting a return from you to to take up their quarters wherte they were, as hlie wished to go to my flame, which no denial can ever extinguish." the castle to see the noble dame within, whom hlie had never seen "Sweet sir," replied the countess, " do not amuse yourself in since her marriage. Every one made up his lodgings as he pleased; laughing at, or tempting me;' for I cannot believe you mean what and the king, as soon as he was disarmed, taking ten or twelve you have just said, or that so noble and gallant a prince as you are knights witq him, went to the castle, to salute the countess of Salis- would ever think to dishonor me or my husband, who is so valiant a bury, and to examine what datuage the attacks of the Scots had knight, who has served you faithfully, and who, on your account, done, and the manner in which those within had defended them. now lies in prison. Certainly, sir, this would not add to your glory; selves. The moment the countess heard t of the king's approach, nor would you be the better for it. Such a thought has never once entered my mind, and I trust in God it never will, for any man liv* Vroissart's words, according to D. Sauvnge's edition, with which Lord; Berners ing: and, if I were so culpable, it is you who ought to blame me,'nearly agrees, are as follows: "They talked one to ianother while king David still and have my body punished through strict justice." -on-timtsed'to tmake fierce attacks, and seeiig that tie king caused his people to be The virtuous lady then quitted the king, who was quite astonished, Amonded and sacrificed (martyrer) without reason, and that the king of Enghand might wmmmrtled amid sacrificed mmimartyrer) w8itimot reasoim, sort that time kimig olEngmtnid migt and went to the hall to hasten the dinner. She afterwards returned to well come and give them battle before tihe castle slhouldbe takeni, they said to king David nde the kit a s t h ir c e t te with one accord, that his longer stay," &c. —ED. the king, attended by the knights, and said to him, "Sir, come to the t All this seems to be fibulous, and to have been inventedby some person who meant hall; your knights are waiting for you, to wash their hands, for they, to impose on thie iniquisitive cretulityofFroissart. Itcannot e recoieiledwithknosn as well as yourself, have too loag fasted." The Iing left his room, historical dates, withi the char.acters anid conditions of the persons therein mentioned, or and came to the hall; where, after e had washed his hands, with thIe general tenor of authenticated events. Had David violated the patrimony of o the hall; where, after he had washed his hands, e St. Cuthbert in the savage manner related by Froissart, tihe English Ihistories would have seated himself, with his knights, at the dinner, as did the lady also. teemed with declamations on an enormity, more Iheinous, in tihe opinion of those-dayts, than ahy crime prohibited by the decalogue. Besides, the smcking of Durham, related well amende it whian it shall please you,. as ye. haue done dyuerse tymes or this. Sir. by Froissart, was an. event too singular and' momentous to be altogether omitted'; and ]eaue your musing and come into the hall if it please you; your dyner is all redy. A yet thie English historians make no mention of it: neither does Fordun, whose siinple ftyre lady, quoth tie kIyng, other thynges lyeth at my hert that ye knowe nat of, bul. marration I have chosen to ftbllow. —,lmmnnls of Scotland, vol. ii. p. 211. surely your swete behauyng, the perfect wysedom, the good gracenoblenes and excellent I We hope our readers will pardon our again transcrilbing at passage from the terse beauty that I see in you, hath so sore surprised my hert that I can nat hut loue you, and:, old English of Lord Berners, but we could not refiaini fmorn givlmg his beautiful ro- without your hone i am but deed. Than thelady saydem A ryght noble prince for Goddee mance, for it is no more, in his very poeticaldiction, whimin does full justice to, if indeed sake mocke nor tempt me nat; I can nat beleue that it is true that ye say, nor that so it do not surpass, his author. "As sone as the Iady knceewe of the kynge's comyng, she noble.a prince as ye be wolde thynke to dyshonour me and. my lorde my husbande, who set opyn the gates and came out so richly besene, that euery man marueyled of her is so valyant a knyght and hathi done your grace so godb-seruyce and as yet lyethe in pribeauty, and coude-nat cease to regard her nobleness, with liher great beauty and'sthe gra- son for your quarell. Certely sir ye. shulde in tils case haue but a small prayse and. cyous wvordes and countenaunece that she made. When she came to the- kyng she nothing the better therby. I had neueras yet such a-thoght, in my hert, nor I trust in) knelyd downe to thie yerth, thanklyng hymi of his sucours, and' so ledde hym into the God, neuer shall haue ftr no man lyneng: ifI hadany suihe.intenecyon your grace ought. castell to make hym crhere and ihonour as she that coude ryght well do it. Enery man nat all onely to blame me, but aiso to punysshe my body, ye and by true iustice to b,' regarded her maruelussly; the kynge, hymseltiL coud nmat witholde his regardyng of dismembred. Th'leiwith thie lad departed fi'o the kyng and went into thehall to hast thieher, fir ihe thought that lie neuer saw before so noble nor so finyre a lady; he mas dyner; than she returned agayne to the kyng and broght some of'his knyghtes with stsr'ken therwith to the hert wlith a spercle of fyne loue that endured long after; lie her, and sayd, Sir, yf it please you to come into tihe hall: your knyghtes abideth fbr you. thougmht no lady in the worlde so worthy to bie beloude as she. Thus they entred into to wvasshie; ye haue ben to long fmistyng. Than the k.yng wentinto the hall and wassht, thie castell hande in hande; the lady ledde hym first into tie hanll, and after into the and satdowni ammmong his lordes and the lady also. Thie kyng ete but lytell, he sat stygin chmambre nobly aparelled. The king regarded so the lady that she was abasshed; at musing, randas lie durst hlie cast his eyen upon the Ihdy. Ofhissadhesse his knyghteshad.ast hewent to a wyndo to rest hym, and so fell into a great study. The lady went maruell for lie ewas nat acustomed so to be; some thoughtitwas becaust the Scotts were — abonmt to muske chiere to the lormies and knyghtes thiat were ther, amid comnaAunded to dresse scaped fi'o hm. All tht day the kyng tarydther and wyst nat what to do. Sometime' the hahi for dyner. WWhan she had al deuysed and gomaunided them she camne to the he ymagined that honour andl trouth defemidel hym to sat his hertin such a case to dyskynge with a mery cthere, (who was ins a great study) and she said Dere sir, wIny ho you honour such a nlady anm so true a knight as her husband was who ind-alwayeswell ann.. stndy so, fimr your grace nat dyspheased, it aparteynethm nat to yomm so to do: rathmer ye truely serued hym. On thiother part toue so constraynedhym that time power therofsurshnlds make good rhere and be joyfmllI seying ye hame chased anwmmy your esmmnies who mounted- honour and trouth. Thus the kyng debated- in hymself all:tthnt day and alt;: durnst nit abyde you; let other men stsui fbr time renmmymnint. Tihan the king sayd, A that night. In the mornyng he arose and dyssloged all his hoost and- drewe after time ]mre lady, knowe for trouthe that smth I entred into time caisteli thor'is n. study comi to my Scottes to chase mhem out of his realme. Than tie toke isame of the lady sayeng, My nmynde so ttmt I can nat chuse bmt to muse, nor I camin nat tell wlit siahall fail thereof; dere lady to God I comende you tyll I returns agayne, tequiryng you to aduyse yott~ put mt out of my herte I can nnt. A sir, quoth the Indy, ye ought alwm yes to make good otherwyse thamn ye haue sayd to me. Noble prince, quoth the lady,:God the father — ~hire to comfort therwith your peple. Gol math ayded you so in your besynes and gloriousbe your conduct, and put you out ofallvylayne thoughts. Sir I tar and eue, hamt gymen you so grent graces, that ye be tIme umoste mIommted n mmd mnmmmured prinmce in alt shal be redy to do your grace sernyce to your monos" and to rayne. Tuhe-it. ita a kvm-: emnrtseendome, and if the kynge ofrScottes haue domea "u an,4yspyte or damage y*o ay departed nit abasshec.."-lm. 56 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. but the king ate -very little, and was the whole time pensive, casting that her young son should take for his wife one of the daughters of his eyes, whenever he had an opportunity, toward the countess. the king, and give her the title of duchess of Brittany. Such behavior surprised his friends; for they were not accustomed to The king, at that time, was in London, feasting the earl of Salis. it, and had never seen the like before. They imagined, therefore, bury, newly returned from prison. When sir Amauri de Clisson had that it was by reason of the Scots having escaped from him. The made known to the king the cause of his visit, his request was king remained at the castle the whole day, without knowing what was readily complied with. The king ordered sir Walter Manny to to do with himself. Sometimes he remonstrated with himself, that collect as many men-at-arms as sir Amauri should judge proper, and h:.onor and loyalty forbade him to admit such treason and falsehood to make every possible haste to go to the assistance of the countess rlto his heart, as to wish to dishonor so virtuous a lady, and so gal- of Montfort; and also to take with him two or three thousand ot lant a knight as her husband was, and who had ever so faithfully the best archers of England. Sir Walter, therefore, embarked with served him. At other times, his passion was so strong, that his honor sir Amauri de Clisson; and with them went the two brothers do and loyalty were not thought of. Thus did he pass that day, and a Land-Halle, sir Lewis and sir John, le Haze of Brabant, sir Herbert sleepless night, in debating this matter in his own mind. At day- de Fresnoi, sir Alain de Sirefonde, and many others, with six thoubreak he arose, drew out his whole army, decamped, and followed sand archers. But they were overtaken by a great tempest, and, the Scots, to chase them out of his kingdom. Upon taking leave by contrary winds, forced to remain at sea forty days. The lord of the countess he said, "My dear lady, God preserve you until I Charles, in the mean time, kept Rennes closely besieged, and harassed return; and I entreat that you will think well of what I have said, the citizens so much that they would willingly have surrendered it; and have the goodness to give me a different answer." "Dear sir," but sirWilliam de Cadoudal would not listen to them. When they had replied the countess, "God of his infinite goodness, preserve you, been harder pressed, and saw no lilkelihood of any succors arriving, and drive from your heart such villainous thoughts; for I am, and they became impatient; but sir William continued firm: at length always shall be, ready to serve you, consistently with my own honor, the commonalty seized him, flung him into prison, and sent word to and with yours." He left her quite surprised, and. went with his lord Charles that they would surrender themselves to him on the army after the Scots, following them almost as far as Berwick, and morrow, on condition that those of the Montfort party might retire look up his quarters four leagues distant from the forest of Jedworth, in safety to wherever they thought proper. The lord Charles corn where, and in the neighboring woods, king David and all his people plied with these terms; and thus was the city of Rennes surrendered, were. He remained there for three days, to see if the Scots would in the year I342, in the beginning of May. Sir William de Cadou venture out to fight with him. During that time there were many dal, not desiring to remain at the court of lord Charles of Blois, left skirmishes; many killed and taken prisoners on both sides. Sir it, and went to Hennebon, where the countess of Montfort was, who William Douglas, who bore for arms argent on a chef azure,* was had not had any tidings of sir Amauri de Clisson, or of his company always among the foremnost in these attacks. He performed many gallant exploits, and was a great annoyance to the English. CHAPTER LXXX. THE LORD CHARLES OF BLOIS BESIEGES THE COUNTESS OF MONTFORT CHAPTER LXXVIII. IN HENNEBON. THE EARLS OF SALISBURY AND MpORAY ARE SET AT LIBEMCY IN SOON after the surrender of Rennes, and when the inhabitants had EXCHANGE FOR EACH OTHER. performed their homage and fealty to lord Charles of Blois, he was DURING these three days, there were some discreet men on both advised to set out for Hennebon, where the countess of Montfort sides, who held conferences, in order if possible to conclude a treaty resided; for as her husband was safe confined at Paris, if he could of' peace between the two kings; at last they succeeded in obtaining but get possession of her person, and of her son's, the war must be a truce for two years, provided the king of' France assented to it; concluded. The countess had with her in Ilennebon, the bishop for there was so close an alliance between the kings of Scotland and of Leon, uncle to sir Herv6 de L(on, who was attached to lord France, that he could not make peace, or a trucer without the king of Charles, and had ever been so since the capture of the carl of MontFrance agreed to it. If king Philip should refuse his consent, then fort; sir Yves de Tresiquidi, the lord of Landreman, the before. the truce was to iast only until the first of May. The earl of Moray mentioned sir William de Cadoudal, the governor of Guingamp, the was to have his liberty,'if the king of Scotland could obtain that of two brothers de Quirich, sir Oliver, and sir Henry de Spinefort, and;he earl of Salisbury from the king of France. This was to be done many others. When the countess and her knights heard that their oy the feast of St. John the Baptist. The king of England consented enemies were coming to besiege them, and that they were hard by, the more readily to this truce, because he was carrying on war in they ordered the alarmnbells to be rung, and every one to arm himself France, Gascony, Poictou, Saintonge, and Brittany, and had soldiers for defending the town. Lord Charles drew near to Hennebon, and everywhere. The king of Scotland then departed, and sent embas- then encamped his men. Some of the youths among the Spaniards, sadors to the king of' France, that the truce might be confirmed. French and Genoese advanced to the barriers to skirmish; which The king agreed to it, and sent the earl of Salisbury immediately those in the town seeing, sallied out to meet them; so ithere was a into England, when, as soon as he arrived, the king of England sent sharp conflict, and the Genoese lost more than they gained. About the earl of Moray to king David in Scotland. vespers, they all retired to their different quarters. On the morrow, the lords determined to make an assault on the barriers, to see what mien those within had, and to try to gain some advantage. On the second day, therefore, they made so very vigorous an attack upon the C H A P T E R L X X I X. barriers early in the moreing, that those within made a sally: among OD HARLES OF BLOS, WITH SOME OTHE LORDS OF FNCE TA them were some of their bravest, who continued the engagement THE CITY OF RENNES. till noon with great courage; so that the assailants retired a little to the rear, carrying off with them numbers of wounded, and leaving You before have heard how tre duke of Normandy, the duke of behind them a great many dead. When the lords of France perBurgundy, the duke d'Alencon, the duke of Bourbon, the earl of ceived their men retreat, they were much enraged, and made them Blois, the constable of France, the earl of Gaines his son, sir James return again to the assault more fiercely than before; while those of de Bourbon, sir Lewis d'Espagne, and the other barons and knights th town were in earnest to make a handstme defence. the town were in earnest to make a handsome defence. from France, had left Brittany, after conquering the strong castle of The countess, who had clothed herself in armor, was mounted on a Chateauceaux, and the city of Nantes, anrid had taken and given up to war-horse, and galloped up and down the streets of the town, entreat the king of France the earl of Moutfort, whom he had confined in the in and encourging the nhabitants to defend themselves hnorably. igand encourraging the inhabitants to defend themselves hinorably. tower of the Louvre at Paris. The lord Chariles of Blois hiad remained She ordered the ladies and other women to unpave the streets,* She ordered the ladfies and other women to unpave the streets,* in the city of Nantes, and in that country, which he had reduced to carry the stones to the ramparts, ard throw them on their enemies obedience, until a more favorable opportunity for carrying on the She had pots of quicklime brought to her for the same prrpose. That war than winter. When the summer wa-s returaied, the above-men- same day the countess performed a very gallant deed: she ascended liened lords, and a great many others, came, with a larg-e army, to ioned lords, and a grt many others, ca, ith a re army, a high tower, to see how her people behaved; and, having observed.assist the lord Charles in reconquering the remainder of the duchy that all the lords and others of the army had quitted their tents, and ~of Brittany. They resolved to besiege the city of Rennes, which the as captain were come to the assault, she immediately descended, mounted her countess of Montfort had well fortified, and placed there as captain horse, armed as she was, collected three hundred horsemen, sallied;sir William de Cadoudal, a Breton. The French lords surrounded out out at their head by another gate that was not attacked, and gallop-,t on all sides, and did a great deal of damage, by the fierce assaults ig up to the tens f her emies, cut tem down, and set trn on ing up to the tents of her enemies, cut them down, and set them on nhey made upon it; but the garrison defended themselves so valiantly, fire without any loss, for there vere only servants and boys, who ~that their opponents lost more than they gained. As soon as the fled upon her approach. As soon as the French saw their camp on.countess of Mortnfort was inforrhed of the return of the Frerrch lords fire, and heard the cries, they immediately hastened thither, bawvling'into Brittany, with so great a force, she sent sir Amauri de Clisson to out, "Treason! Treason!" so that none remained at the assault;king Edward in England, to entreat his assistance, upon condition'_' * Lord Berners reads, SShe caused damoselles and other Winhen "to cut shorta ~'The most prominent feature in the Douglas a:nlls, as now borae, is the Heart, which their kyrtels,' instead of'to unpave the streets," as Mr. Johnes translates it. The.was added toeit in conseqsuence ofthe honor cosfenred by Robert B3ruce on his death-bed, words in D. Sauvage's edition are, "dipecer,eschaussies," to tear up the causewraya,'as has been already related, but when this distintive mark was adopted, I believe is but whben we consider that the streets of citres were very rarely paved at thsis period.'r.incertain. Lord Berners' version appears tise more probable, ansi may be reconciled to time text tIeromqern ers gives the original arms-"Azure a comble syluer,'three starres goule i" if we read'"chrusses" for "chanussie," which is not unlikely to be an error in ttans-,~hich is correct. —Eu 1 scribing. —Eu. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 57 The countess, seeing this, got her men together, and, finding that made use of such good arguments, that these lords were in much she could not rdenter Hennebon without great risk, took another suspense all night. On the morrow he continued the subject, and road, leading to the castle of Brest, which is situated near. The succeeded so far as to gain them over, or very nearly so, to his lord Lewis of Spain, who was marshal of the army, had gone to his opinion; insomuch that sir Herve de L6on had advanced close to tents, which were on fire; and, seeing the countess and her conmpany the town to take possession of it, with their free consent, when the galloping off as fast as they could, he immediately pursued them countess, looking out from a window of the castle toward the sea, with a large body of men-at-arms. He gained so fast upon them, cried out, mostjoyfully, "I see the succors I have so long expected:hat he came up with them, and wounded or slew all that were not and wished for coming." She repeated this expression twice; and well mounted; but the countess, and part of her company, made the towns-people ran to the ramparts, and to the windows of the such speed that they arrived at the castle of Brest, where they were castle, and saw a numerous fleet of great and small vessels, well received with great joy. trimmed, making all the sail they could toward Hennebon. They On the morrow, the lords of France, who had lost their tents rightly imagined, it must be the fleet from England, so long detained and provisions, took counsel, if they should not make huts of the at sea by tempests and contrary winds. branches and leaves of trees near to the town, and were thunderstruck when they heard that the countess herself had planned and executed this enterprise: while those of the town, not knowing CHAPTER LxX I what was become of her, were very uneasy; for they were full five days without gaining any intelligence of her. The countess, in the SR WALTER NNY CONDUCTS TE ENLIS INTO BRITANY. mean while, was so active that she assembled from five to six hun- WHEN the governor of Guingamp, sir Yves de Tresiquidi, stl dred men, well armed and mounted, and with them set out, about Galeran de Landreman, and the other knights, perceived this suc. midnight, from Brest, and came straight to Hlennebon about sunrise, cor coming to them, they told the bishop that he might break up his riding along one side of the enemy's host, until she came to the conference, for they were not now inclined to follow his advice. gates of' the castle, which were opened to her: she entered with The bishop, sir Guy de Leon, replied, "My lords, then our com. great triumph and sounds of trumpets and other warlike instruments, pany shall separate; for I will go to him who seems to me to have to the astonislhmnent of the French, who began arming themselves the clearest right." Upon which he sent his defiance to the lady, to make another assault upon the town, while those within mounted and to all her party, and left the town to inform sir Herve de L6on the walls to defend it. This attack was very severe, and lasted till how matters stood. Sir Herv6 was much vexed at it, and irmmepast noon. The French lost more than their opponents: and then diately ordered the largest machine that was with the army to be the lords of France put a stop to it, for their men were killed and placed as near the castle as possible, strictly commanding that it wounded to no purpose. They next retreated, and held a council should never cease working day nor night. He then presented his whether the lord Charles should not go to besiege the castle of Aural, uncle to the lord Lewis of Spain, and to the lord Charles of Blois. which king Arthur had built and inclosed. It was determined that who both received him most courteously. The countess, in the he should march thither, accompanied by the'duke of Bourbon, the mean time, prepared, and hung with tapestry, halls and chambers, to earl of Blois, sir Robert Bertrand, marshal of' France; and that sir lodge handsomely the lords and barons of England whom she saw HervD6 de L6on was to remain before Hennebon, with a part of the coming, and sent out a noble company to meet them. When they Genoese under his command, and the lord Lewis of Spain, the were landed, she went herself' to give them welcome, respectfully viscount of Rohan, with the rest of the Genoese and Spaniards. thanking each knight and squire, and led them into the town and They sent for twelve large nimachles which they had left at Rennes, castle, that they might have convenient lodging: on the morrow to cast stones and annoy the castle of Hennebon; for they perceived she gave them a magnificent entertainment. All that night, and the that they did not gain any ground by their assaults. The French following day, the large machine never ceased from casting stones divided their army into two parts: one remained before Hennebon, into the town. and the other marched to besiege the castle of Aurai. The lord After the entertainment, sir Walter Manny, who was captain of Charles of Blois went to this last place, and quartered all his division the English, inquired of the countess the state of the town and e1 in the neighborhood; and of him we will now speak, and leave the the enemy's army. Upon loolking out of time window, he said, he others. The lord Charles ordered an attack and skirmish to be made had a great inclination to destroy that large machine which was upon the castle, which was well garrisoned: there were in it full two placed so near, and much annoyed them, if any would second him hundred men-at.arms, under the cosmmand of sir Henry de Spinefort Sir Yves de Tresiquidi replied, that he would not fail him in this and Oliver his brother. his first expedition; as did also the lord of Landrenan. They went The town of Vannes, which held for the countess of Montfort, was to arm themselves, and sallied quietly but of one of the gates, taking four leagues distant from this castle; the captain whereof was sir with them three hundred archers; who shot so well, that those who Geoffry de Malestroit. On the other side, was situated the good guarded the machine fled; and the men-at-arms who followed the town of Guingamup, of which the captain of Dinant was governor, archers, falling upon them, slew the greater part, and broke down who was at that time with the countess in the town of Hennebon; and cut in pieces this large machine. They then dashed in among but he had left, in his Ilhotel at Dinant, his wife and daughters, and the tents and huts, set fire to them, and killed and wounded many had appointed his son, sir Reginald, as governor during his absence. of their enemies before the army was in motion. After this, they Between these two places thlere was a castle * which belonged to made a handsome retreat. When the enemy were mounted and the lord Charles, who had well filled it with men-at-arms and Bur- armed, they galloped after them like madmen. Sir Walter Manny, gundian soldiers. Girard de MIaulin was imaster of it.; and with seeing this, exclaimed, "May I never be embraced by my mistress hirm was another gallant knight, called sir Peter Portebmuf, who and dear friend, if I enter castle or fqrtress before I have unhorsed hIarassed all the country rounid about, and pressed these two towns one of these gallopers." lie then turned round, and pointed his so closely that no provisions or merchiandise could enter them, spear toward the enemy, as did the two brothers of Lande-Halle, le without great risk of being taken; for these Burgundians made Haze de Brabant, sir Yves de Tresiquidi, sir Galeran de Lanare. conistant excursions, one day toward Vannes, and another day to nman, and many others, iand spitted the first coursers. Many legs Guingamnp. They contimued their excursions so regularly, that sir were made to kick the air. Some of their own party were also on. Reginald de Dinant took prisoner, by means of an ambuscade, this horsed. The conflict became very serious, for reinforcements were sir Girard de Maulin and thirty-five of his men, and at the same time perpetually coming from the camp; and the English were obliged rescued fifteen merchants and all their goods, which the Burgundians to retreat toward the castle, which they did in good order until they had taken, and were driving them to thuir garrison, called la Roche came to the castle ditch: there the knights made a stand, until all Periol; but sir Reginald conquered them, and carried them pris- their men were safely returned. Many brilliant actions, captures, o ners to Dinant, for which he was much praised. and rescues might have been seen. Those of the town who had not We will now return to the counttess of Montfort, who was be- been of the party to destroy the large machine now issued forth, and, sieged by sir Lewis of Spain in Hennebon. He had made such ranging themselves upon the banks of the ditch, made such good progress by battering and destroying the walls with his niachines, use of their bows, that they forced the enemy to withdraw, killing that the courage of those within began to falter. At that moment, many men and horses. The chiefs of the army, perceiving they had the'bishop of L6on held a conference with his nephew, sir Herv6 de the worst of it, and that they were losing men to no purpose, L6on, by whose means, it has beena said the earl of Montfort was sounded a retreat, and made their men retire to the camp. As soon made prisoner. They convetrsed on diffi tent things, in mutual con- as they were gone, the townsmen rbentered, and went each to his fidence, and at last agreed, that the bish p should endeavor to gain quarters. The countess of Montfort came down firom the castle to over those within the town, so that it might be given up to the lord meet them, and with a most cheerful countenance, kissed sir Walter Charles: and sir Herv6, on nis side, was to obtain their pardon from Manny, and all his companions, one after the other, like a noble and the lord Charles, and an assurance that they should keep their goods, valiant dame. &c., unhurt. They thlen separated, and the bislhop rdentered the town. The countess had strong suspicions of what was going C H A P T E R L X XX II. mtrward, and begged of the lords of Brittany, for the love of God, tlla. they would not doubt but she should receive succors before three days were over. But the bishop spoke so eloquently, an'd TmmE next day, the lord Lewis of Spain called to him the viscount de Rohan, the bishop of L6on, sir Herv6 de L6on, and the commander * La Roche terion. Thim Dinunt is a dititerent place from the town of the same of the Genoese, to have their advice what was to be done; for they pave'.: %'e diocese of St. Malo. —Hist. de Bm-etagmme. l ottulm imagine, it must be St Sauveur de Dinaa, which is a village in Brittany.'" l e Conquit, a seaport town in Brittany five leagues from Brett. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. saw how strong, the town of Iennebon was, and that succors had I France; such as sir Lewis of Poictiers, count de Valence, the count arrived there, particularly those archers who had always discomrnfited i d'Auxerre, the count de Porcien, the count de Joigny, the count de then. If they remained longer, it wowild be but lost time; for there Boulogne,' and many others, whom king Philip had sent to their aswas not the smallest appearance that tney could gain an advantage; sistance; some had come as volunteers, to see the lord Charles, and they therefore riesolved to decamp on the morrow, and make for to serve under him. The strong castle of Aurai was not yet won; Aurai, which the lord Charles was besieging. They broke up their but there was so severe a famine in it, that for the last seven days huts and tents, and set off; as they had before determined: the towns. they had eaten nothing but horse flesh. Lord Charles would grant people, pursuing them with hootings, and attempting to harass their them no other conditions, than that they should surrender themselves rear, were driven back, and lost some of their men before they could for himto do with them as he thought proper. When they saw, thererienter the town. When the lord Lewis of Spain was come to fore, that they could not expect anything but death, they issued out by lord Charles with his army and baggage, he explained to him the God's will silently in the night, and passed through one of the wings reasons why he had quitted the siege of Hennebon. It was then of the enemy's army. Some few were perceived, and killed: but determined, by a full and long council, that the lord Lewis should sir Henry de Spinefort and his brother Oliver saved themselves; they march to besiege the good town of Dinant, which was only defended escaped through a little wood hard by, and came to the countess in by a palisade and ditch. During his march, he passed near an old Hennebon. Thus the lord Charles conquered the castle of Aurai, castle called Conqukt, in which the countess had placed as governor, after having lain more than ten weeks before it. He had it put in a Norman knight of the name of Mencon, who had with him many good repair, well supplied with men-at-arms, and all sorts of provis. soldiers. The lord Lewis drew up his army, and made an assault ions; he then set out with his army to besiege the town of Vannes upon it, which was very sharp, and lasted until midnight; for those which was commanded by sir Geoffry de Malestroit, and encamped within defended themselves well. Finding he then could not do all round it. On the morrow, some Bretons and soldiers, that lay in more, he lay with his men before it, and renewed the attack on the the town of Plodrmel, issued forth in hopes of gain; they fell upon morrow. The assailants came quite close up to the walls, for the the army of lord Charles, and gave them an alert; but they were ditch was not deep, and made a large breach in them; through surrounded by the enemy, lost many of their men, and the rest who which they entered, and put all to death, except the governor, whom fled were pursued as far as the gates of Plofirmel, which is near to they made prisoner. They appointed another in his room, and Icft Vannes. When they were returned from this pursuit, they made, with him sixty soldiers to guard it. Then the lord Lewis departed, that same day, so violent an assault on the town of Vannes, that they and marched to lay siege to Dinant. took by storm the barriers, and one of the gates of the town: there The countess of Montfort, upon hearing that the lord Lewis of the conflict became more violent, and many were killed on both sides, Spain was with his army before Conqu~t, sent for sir Walter Mianny It ended with the night, when a truce was agreed upon, to last all and his brethren at arms, and told them, that if they could break up the next day. The citizens assembled together to consult if they the siege before this castle, and discomfit the lord Lewis, they would should surrender or not; and, on the morrow, they determined to obtain great glory. They assented to it, and, on the morrow, left surrender, in spite of their governor, who, when he saw this, got seHennebon with so many volunteers that few remained behind. They cretly out of the town, during their conferences, and went away to pushed on till they cane to the castle about noon, and found there Hennebon. The conference ended in such a manner, that the lord the French garrison who, the evening before, had conquered it; upon Charles and the lords of France entered the city, where they remained which sir Walter said, he would not leave it before he knew what five days, and then set out to besiege another town called Carhaix. they were made of, and how they got it. But when he was informed that the lord Lewis was gone to besiege Dinant, he was much grieved, as he should not have an opportunity of fighting with him. He and CHIAPTER LXXXIV. his friends made ready to attack the castle, and began the assault well covered with their shields. The garrison, seeing such a force cominng SR WALTER MANNY DEFEATS TIHE LORD LEWIS OF SPAIN, AT QUINIrERLE. against them, made as good a defence as they were able; but the WHEN the lord Lewis of Spain had embarked with his company tttack was very severe, and the archers came so close that they dis- at the port of Courrande, they sailed toward Lower Brittany, and covered the breach through which the castle had been gained the came to the port of Quimperl6, which is near to Quimpercorentin and preceding evening. They also entered by this breach, and killed all St. Mah6. They disembarked, and began to pillage and destroy the within, excel)t ten, whom some knights took under their protection. country; where they found a great deal of riches, which they carried'They then returned to Hennebon, for they did not think it safe to be to their vessels, and then set off to do the same in other parts, not at too great a distance from it, and left the castle of Conqu6t without finding any to oppose them. As soon as this news was brought to any garrison, for they saw that it could make no resistance. sir Walter Manny and sir Amauri de Clisson, they had a great desire to go after them; and having opened themselves on this subject to sir Yves de Tresiquidi, the governor of Guingamp, the lord of LanCHAPTER LXXXIII. dreman, sir William de Cadoudal, the two brothers de Spinefort, and to all the other knights at Hennebon, they consented cheerfully to TIIE LORD LEWTIS TAKES THE TOWNS OF DINANT AND GUEREANDE. follow them. To return now to the lord Lewis; he quartered his army in haste They immediately set off, embarking with tnem three thousand all round the town of Dinant, and ordered boats and vessels to be im- archers, and never slackened sail until they came to the port where nmediately prepared, that hlie might attack it by sea as well as by land. the vessels of the lord Lewis were. They entered the harbor, killed When the inhabitants of the town, which was only defended by a all those who guarded the vessels, and were astonished at the quanpalisade, saw this, they were much frightened, both great and small, tity of riches they found in them. They then disembarked, and went for their lives and fortunes: on the fourth day after the army had en- to many places, burning the houses and villages. Having divided camped before it, they surrendered, in spite of their governor, sir themselves into three divisions out of prudence, the more readily to Reginald de Guingamp, whom they murdered in the market-place, find their enemies, and leaving three hundred archers to guard the because he would not consent to it. After the surrender of the town, vessels and the riches they had taken, they set out after them by difwhen the lord Lewis had received the homage and fealty of the citi- ferent roads. News of this event was soon carried to the lord Lewis -ens, hlie tarried there two days, and gave them for governor sir Ge- of Spain, who collected his army together, and began his retreat with yard de Maulin, whom he had found there prisoner, and the lord Peter great speed toward his vessels; but, meeting with one of the three Portebce-if, as his colleague. He then marched toward a large town, divisions, he saw he must fight, and put a good countenance upon it, situated upon the sea coast, called Guerrande. He besieged it on the He made many knights upon the occasion, especially his nephew land side, and found at Croisic.a great many boats and ships full of named Alphonso. When the lord Lewis and his party made their wine, which merchants had brought thither, from Poictou and Re- first onset, it was so brilliant, numbers were unhorsed; and they would chelle, for sale. The merchants soon sold their wine, but they were have carried the day, if the other two divisions had not come up, badly paid for it: the lord Lewis seized these vessels, in which he em- alarmed by the noise and cries of the country people. The attack barked men-at.arms, with some of the Genoese and Spaniards, and was then very serious, and the English archers performed so well, that assailed the town on the morrow, by sea and land. It'was so ill the Genoese and Spaniards were discomfited, almost all being killed. fortificd that it could not make any defence: it therefore was soon or wounded; for the country people pursued them with stones and taken by storm, and pillaged without mercy. Men, women, and slings, so that the lord Lewis had difficulty to escape, very badly children were put to the sword, and fine churches sacrilegiously burnt: wounded. He fled towaid his vessels: and of the six thousand, at which the lord Lewis was so much enraged, that he immediately which his army consisted of, he did not save more than about three ordered twenty-four of the mrost active to be hanged and strangled hundred: he left dead his nephew, whom he much loved. When ha upon the spot. The booty they gained there was immense, every came to his ships, he was prevented from entering them by those one got as much as he could carry; for the town was very rich, from archers who remained to guard the fleet. He then embarked, in the its great trade. After they had taken this town of Guerrand'e, they greatest haste, on board a vessel called a lique, with as many of: his'ere uncertain which way they should proceed to gain more: the people as he could collect together, and escaped with all possible lord Lewis therefore, in company with sir Antony Doria and some expedition. other Genoese and Spaniards, embarked in the vessels they had seized, As soon as sir Walter Manny and his party were come to the fleet, and sailed to seek adventures at sea. The viscount of Rohan, the in pursuit of the lord Lewis, they embarked on board the first yes. bishop of L6on, sir Hervd de L6on his nephew, and the others, re- sels they found ready, and hoisting every sail, made after him, leaving turned to the army of the lord Charles, which was lying before Aurai. those of the country to take care of what remained of his army, to They found there a great many lords and knights newly arrived from revenge themselves, and recover what they had been robbed of. Sbi CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 59 Walter and his company had a favorable winl; but, though they could approach the walls; in which, with mallets and pick-axes were within sight, all the time, of the lord Lewis, they could not they made an opening six feet wide. They then entered throuig come up with him. His mariners made such exertions that they got this opening, took the castle by storm, and slew all that were within. into the port of Redon, where he immediately landed, with all those They remained there that night; on the morrow they continued their who had escaped: having entered the town, he made no long stay there, march, and arrived at Hennebon.* for the English had disembarked, and were close after, to fight with him; so he hastened away, mounted upon such horses as he could borrow in the town, and made for Rennes, which was not far off. CHAPTER LXXVI. Those who could not get any were obliged to do as well as they CH A E X could, and follow their companions on foot. Many were so tired and THE LORD CHARLES DE BLOIS TAKES THE TOWN OF c.Ratuix.t badly mounted, that they fell into the hands of their enemies. The WHEN the countess of Montfort was informed of the return of the lord Lewis, however, made such speed that he got into Rennes; and English and Bretons, she went out to meet them, and most nobly the English and Bretons returned to Redon, where they reposed thanked them with kisses and embraces; she gave a grand dinner themselves that night. On the morrow they embarked, in order to and entertainmentto all the knights and squi:es of renown. At this return to the countess, their lady, at Hennebon; but they had con- period, the lord Charles had conquered the town of Vannes, and was trary winds, which forced them to land about three leagues from the besieging Carhaix. The countess and sir Walter Manny sent spe. town of Dinant. They advanced into the country, destroying it as cial messengers to king Edward, to inform him how the lord Charles they marched, and taking what horses they could lay hands on; so of Blois, and the lords of France, had recaptured Rennes, Vannes that some were mounted without saddles or bridles, and went for- and many other large towns and castles in Brittany; and that, unless ward until they came to Roche Perion; when sir Walter Manny there were succors speedily sent, they would gain the remainder of addressing his companions, said, "Gentlemen, I should like much that duchy. The embassadors set out from Hennebon, and arrived to attack this strong castle, all fatigued as I am, if I had any to assist at Cornwall, whence they journeyed toward Windsor. me, to see if we could not conquer it." The other knights replied, We will now return to lord Charles of Blois, who had so pressed Go on, sir, boldly; we will follow you until death." They then the town of Carhaix by his attacks and his engines, that it was surall set forward to the assault of the castle. The captain of it was rendered to him, the lives and fortunes of the inhabitants being preGirard de Maulin; the same who had been prisoner at Dinant, as served. He pardoned what was past, and the inhabitants swore before related: he armed his people, and placing them upon the bat- homage and fealty to him, acknowledging him for their true lord& tlements and other parts of the defence, without sheltering himself Lord Charles placed new officers in the town, and remained there behind them, prepared for the assault. It was very sharp and peril- with the lords of France, to recruit themselves and the army. He ous; among many who were severely wounded were, sir John Bo- held a council upon marching to Hennebon, which being determined teler of Warrington, and sir Matthew Trelawney; insomuch that on, they besieged it as closely as they were able. That town was they were obliged to be carried off, and laid in a field, with the other very well provided with men, provisions, and ammunition. wounded. The lord Lewis of Spain came to these lords the fomurth day after they had begun the siege: he had remained at Rennes six weeks, in c H A T E R L X XX V~. order to have his wounds properly attended to and cured. They were rejoiced to see him, as he was much esteemed by these noble SIR WALTER MANNY TAKIES THE CASTLE OF GOY LA FORET. men. The French army increased every day; for as great numbers Tus irard de unha a brother of the name of n d of barons arnd knights were daily returning from the king of Spain Maulin, who was captain of another little fort, called Faouet, situated (who at that time was at war with the king of Granada and the Sara. at least half a league from Roche Perion. W'Ihen Rene heard that cens,) in passing through Poitou, hearing of this war in Brittany, they the English and Bretons were attacking his brother, he armed forty turned their steps thither. The lord Charles lid erected fifteen or n ~~~~~~~~~~~~turned their steps thither. The lord Charles had erected fifteen or of his companions, and set out for Roche Perion, to adventure his sixteen large intines before hennebon, which threw great stones own person, and to see if by any m.reans he could give aid to his a hm o hyhdtkneeypeato osetrtesle own person, and to see if by arty means he could give aid to his over the walls into the town: but those within were not much alarmed brother. Rend therefore came suddenly upon those knights and aat them, for they had taken every precaution to shelter themselves squires, who lay wounded in the field, attended by their servants; against their effcts: they frequently came to the walls and battleand failling upoi them, made them prisoners, and drove them before t n, by way of joe, ept rubin them, crying out, "Go m etand, see wyou fred whoae, sleptrbing inthem plains oft G him to Faonet, wounded as they were. Some of their attendants your ways, and seek your fiends who are leepng in the plains of youiprl;1 ways, vexd sehtlytek lourd Le-wis wof slepaing and thepliso fled to sir Waiter Manny, who was eagerly engaged at the assault; Guimper; which vexed mightily the lord Lews of Spain and the when they had informed him what had happened he put an end to Geoese. it, and with all his company hastened toward Faouet, in order to overtake those who were carrying his friends away prisoners; but, C H A P T E R L X X X V I I. with all his speed, he was not in time to hinder Ren6 from entering Jon BOTELER AND SIR IATTIIEW TRELAWNEY nE RESCUED FROM this castle with them. DEATH. When the English and Bretons had come there, they directly made eai an assault, tired as they were; but they did little, for the garrison: THE lord Lewis of Spain came one day into the tent of lord Charles defended themselves valiantly, and the night was far advanced. They of Blois,, where were numbers of the French obility, and requested Iav before it that night, in order to renew the assault the next day. of him a boon for all the services he had done him, and as a recomGirard de Maulin was soon informed of what was passing, and Ipense for them. The lord Charles promised to grant whatever he G~~~irard de Maul i n w ~ ~ ~ sholdask asoo lehdiniefoudrmany obligatin wao pasimg,an mounting his horse, set out alone for Dinant, where he arrived a houl ask, as e held hisef under ay obliations to him. little before dybrea. He related to the lord Peter Portebuf, Upon which the lord Lewis desired that the two prisoners, sir John go:vernor of Dinant, the cause of his coming; who, when it was day, Boteler and sir Matthew Trelawnoy, who were in the prison of the litte bfor dabrek. e rlatd t th lod PterPorebcufBotelet and sir Matthew Trelawney, who were in the prison of the V(3,ernr o Diant th case f hs cmin; wo, henit as aycastle of Fouet, might be sent for, and delivered up to him, to do summoned all the citizens to the town-hall. Girard de Maulin then castle of Fonet, might be sent for, and delivered up to him, to do so eloquently displayed the reasons of his arrival, that the citizens ith ei as should please him best. This is the boon I ask; for and soldiers were unanimous to assist him. All sorts of people im- they have discomfited, pusued, ad rouded, have also slain the mediately armed themselves, and set off toward Faouet in the best lord phonso my nephew, and I have to other way to be revenged manner they could; in l11, they were six thousand persons at least. on them than to have them beheaded in sight of their friends who are shut up in Hlennebon."1 The lord Cha'rles was much amazed at. Sir' Walter Manny was informed of this by a spy; and calling a are shut up in Ilennebon." The lord Charles xvas much amazed at Sir alte Many wa inorme of his y aspy;and allig athis request, and replied, "I will certainly give you the prisoners,, council of his companions, they considered it would be best for them this reqest, and replied, "I i certaily give you the prisoners, to rtreat toward ennebon; for their situation would be very dan- since you have asked for them; but you will be very cruel and much to rttreat toward Henneboa; for their situation would be very dangerous, if those from Dinant should attack them on one side, and the to blame if you ptt to death two such valiant men; and our enemies army of the lord Charles of Blois on the other: they might be sur. will have an equal right to do the same to any of our friends whom rounded and taken prisoners or slain. They therefore judged it they may capture, for we are not clear what may happen to any one rounded and taken prisoners or slain. They therefore judged itofiseeyd..Itrfrenradarirridwetcunha most expedient, for the present, to leave their friends in prison, and of s every day. I therefore entreat, dear sid weet cousin, tha gave up all thoughts of assisting themn till a better opportunity should you ould be btter advised." ord ewis said, tha if he did not ~~~ofi'~~~~~~~fer. ~keep his promise, he would quit the army, and never serve or love ol~~~~~~~er. ~~~~~~~him so long as lie lived. When the lord Charles saw that he must As they were returning to Hennebon, they passed near a castle, hi so long as he lived When the lord Cares saw that he must called Goy la Forat, which a fortnight before, had surrendered itself comply, he sent off messengers to the castle ofFaouet, who returned to the lord Carles. Sir alter told his companions, he ould not ad- with the two prisoners, and carried. them to the tent of lord Chares., to tihe lord Charles. Sir Walter told his companions, he would not ad- Nihrpaesnretete ol rvi nIr ei odss Vailce a step farther, in spite of his fatigue, until he had made an assault Neither prayers nor entreaties could prevail on rd Lewis to desist on this fort,and seen who were within it. Then hanging his target to from his purpose of having them beheaded after dinter, so much was his neck, he galloped up to the barriers and ditch of te cstle, the he enraed gainst thelm. English and Bretons following him. The attack was sharp, and those All the conversation, and everything that pased betveen the lord writhin defenlded themselves vigorously. Sir Hervd do LCeon and sir Charles rind lord Lewis, relative to these two prisoners, was told to Guy do Coy wore with the lord Charles before Carhaii. The as- sir Walter Manny and sir Amanri de Clisson by friends and spies, oault lasting some time, sir Walter encouraged his men, by posting * I suspect, altlrough the historian of Brittany copies Froissart exactly, that Lea Roche aimself at their head in the most dangerous situations; the archers Peioa muist tie Rosperden, which is in Bleau's map ot Brittany; and Berners calls it shot so dexterously, that those within the castle dared not show them- Rosternan; but I cannot tied anywhere this Dinan, for tihiah le Sauaveur is in the die selves. Sir Waiter and his party made such exertions, that the cese ofSt. Male, which niust have been too tar off. There is much confusion in the iichnrm on one side were filled with straw and wood, so that they nameh ofitluices. C'arhtaix, a town itt the dioeese of Q~uiniper. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. who represented the danger in which the two knights were. They ordering his different garrisons to their posts, it happened that a rich bethought themselves what was best to be done, but, after consider- citizen and great merchant of the town of Jugon was met by his ing different schemnies, could fix on none: at last sir Walter said, marshal, sir Robert de Beuvais,* whom he captured, and brought to Gentlemen, it would do us great honor if we could rescue these lord Charles in the town of Carhaix. This citizen provided all the two knights: if we adventure it, and should fail, king Edward would purveyances for the countess of Montfort, in the town of Jugon and hold himself obliged to us; and all wise men who may hear of it in elsewhere, and was much beloved and esteemed in that town, which times to come, will thank us, and say that we had done our duty. I is well inclosed and finely situated: the castle is also handsomc and will tell you my plan, and you are able to undertake it; for I think strong He was very much afraid of being put to death, and begged we are bound to risk our lives in endeavoring to save those of two that he might be allowed to pay for his ransom. To make short of such gallant knights. I propose, therefore, if it be agreeable to you, it, the loid Charles had him so often examined on diffbrent subjects, that we, arm immediately, and form ourselves into two divisions: that at last he agreed to betray the town of Jugon tohiun, amnd enone shall set off, as soon after dinner as possible, by this gate, and gaged to deliver one of the gates of it at a certain time in the night; draw up near the ditch, to, skirmish with and alarm the eneomy: who, for he was so much respected in the town, that he had the keeping you may believe, will soo e muster to that part; and, if you please, of the keys; and, to give security for his promise, he left his son as you, sir Amauri de Clisson, shall have the command of it, and shall hostage for him. Lord Charles promised to give him five hundred take with you a thousand good archers, to make those that may come livers of yearly rent. to you retreat back again, and three hundred men-at-arms. I will The day fixed for the opening of the gate of Jui3n arrived, and have with me a hundred of my companions, and five hundred archers, lord Charles entered the town at midnight, with a large force. The and will sally out at the postern on the opposite side privately, arnid watch of the castle, perceiving this, gave the alarm, and cried out, coming behind tlhemn, will fall upon their camp, which we shall find "Treason! treason!" The inhabitants, not suspecting anything, unguarded. I will take with me those who are acquainted with the began to stir; and, when they saw that their town was lost, they ran road to lord Charles's tent, where the two prisoners are, and will in crowds toward the castle. The citizen who had betrayed them make for that part of the camnp. I can assure you, that I and my ran thither also, in order to hide his treachery. As soon as it was companions will do everything in our power to bring back in safety day, lord Charles and his party entered the houses of the inhabitants, these two knights, if it please God." to repose themselves; and took whatever they pleased. When lihe This proposal was agreeable to all; and they directly separated, saw that the castle was so strong and full of citizens, he declared he to arm and prepare themselves. About the hour of dinner, sir would never quit the place, until he should have possession of it. Amauri and his party set off;. and having had the principal gate of The governor, sir Girard de Rochefort, and the citizens, soon found Hennebon opened for them, which led to the road that went straight out they had been betrayed; they seized, therefore, the traitor, and to the army of lord Charles, they rushed forward, making great cries hung him on the battlements, on theoutside of the walls of the castie. and noise, to the tents and huts, which they cut down, and killed all Having received notice of the lord Charles's declaration, that he would that came in their way. The eneminy was much alarmed, and, putting not depart until he had gained. the castle, and finding that they had themselves in nmotion, got armed as quickly as possible, and advanced not provisions for more than ten days, they consented to surrender it, toward the English and Bretons, who received them very warmly. upon having their lives spared, and the remnant of their chattels reThe skirmish was sharp, and many on each side were slain. When stored to them. This was granted; and they swore homage and sir Amauri perceived that almost the whole of the army was in fealty to lord Charles, who continued the same sir Girard de Rochemotion, and drawn out, he retreated very handsomely, fighting all fort govermor of it, having reinforced the town and castle with men the time, to ithe barriers of.the towvn, when he suddenly halted: then and provisions. While these things were passing, some prudent and the archers, who had been posted on each side of the ditch before- wise men in Brittany were busy in proposing a truce between the hand, made such good use of their bows, that the engagement was flord Charles of Blois and the countess of Montfort, who consented very hot, and all the army ran thither, except the servants. During to it, as did all iher allies: for the king of England had advised them this time, sir Walter Manny with his company issued out privily by so to do, by the messengers whiidh came.to hilm from the countess the postern; amd making a circuit, came upon the rear of the enemy's and sir Walter Manny. As soon as this'truce was;concluded, -the camp: they were not perceived by any one, for all were gone to the countess of Montfort embarlked, and passed ove.r to England skirmish upon the ditch. Sir Walter made straight for the tent of lord Charles, where he found the two knights, sir John Boteler and sir Matthew Trelawney, whom he immediately mounted upon two CHAPTER LXXXIX,. couisers which he had ordered to be brought for them, and, returning TE KIN as fast as possible, entered Hennebon by the same way as he sallied THE iNO OF ENLAND ATIES GFRET FEASTS AND TOURNAMELNTS AT forth. The countess came to see them, and received them with great LOu o AFFECTION FOR TE COUNTESS OF SISUR. joy. The English and Bretons continued still fighting at the barriers, IT has been related in the foregoing parts of'this history, how the whlere they gave their enemies sufficient employment. king of England had great wars in many distant!parts and countries, News was soon brought to the nobles of Franice, that the two and that hlie maintained everywhere armies and garrisons at a heavy knights had been rescued; which, when the lord Lewis heard, he expense: that is to say, ini Picardy, Normandy, Gascony, Poiton,, was sorely disappointed, and inquired the way the English and Bre- Saintonge, Brittany, and in Scotland, You have also heard how tons, who had rescued them, had taken: they informed him, that they passionately he was smitten with the charms of:te nioble lady, Cath. had immediately returned, and were probably now in Hennebon. erine of Salisbury; insomuch that he could not put her out of his T'he lord Lewis, upon this, left the assault, and retiredl to his tent in mind, for love reminded hini of her day and night, and represented despite; and all the rest of' the army began to retreat from the bar- her beauty and lively behavior in such witching points of view, tlhat miers. In this combat, two knights of the countess's were captured, he could think of nothing else, notwithstanding that the earl c;f Salts who had adventured too far; tihe lorld of Landrenian and the governor bury was one of his most trusty counsellors, and one who in Englauo of Guilgairpp; which gave the lord Charles much pleasure. They had most loyally served him. Out of affection for the said lady, and were carried to his tent, where they were so effectually talked to, that his desire to see her, lhe ordered a great feast and tournamimnent to he they turned on his side, and swvore hinomage and fealty to him. proclaimed, to be holden in London the middla of August.,,-He semit Three days after, there was a council of all the nobles held in his proclamation into Flanders, Hainault, Brabant, and France, prolord Charles's tent, to consider what was best to be done; for they mising passports to all knights and squires, fiomm whatever couutry saw that'the town and castle of Hlennebon was too well providedl they might come, for their arrival and return. He conimmamded, tllat with men and provisions for them to expect to make any impression all barons, lords, knights, and squires, of his own reairn, should he there; and, on the other hand, the countrv round about was so destroyed there without fail, if they had any love for him: and hlie expressly that they had difficulty in fiiiding forage: winter was also approach- ordered the earl of Salisbury to have the lady his wife there, with ais ing. They therefore deternmined to separate; and they earnestly many young ladies as he could collect to attend her. The earl very advised lord Charles to place sufficient garrisons, with able and val. cheerfully complied with the king's request; hlie thought of nothing iant captains, in all the castles and towns he had taken, to prevent evil; and the good lady dared not say nay. She came, however, his enemies from reconquering them: they agreed, that if any person much against her wili; for she guessed the reason which made the should interfere, and propose a truce, to last until Whitsuntide, they king so earnest for her attendance, but was afraid to discover it to would readily consent to it. her husband, imagining, at the same time, by her conduct and con. versation, to make the;king change his opinion. There were at this feast, which was very noble and magnificent, CHIIAPT ER LXXXVIII. William earl of Hainault, sir John his uncle, and great numbers of barons and knialhts of high birth: the dancing and feasting continued LORD CHARLES OF BLOIS TAKiES THIE TOWN AND CASTLE OF JUGON.* for the space of fifteen days. The lord John, eldest son of the visALL the army agreed to what this comuncil had determined upon; countt Beaumont in England, was killed at this tournament. He for it was between the feasts of St. Remy and All Saints 1342: they was a handsome and hardy knight, and bore for arims a shield azure, then separated, and went each to his country. Lord Charles marched besprinkled with flower-de-lInes, or, with a lion or rampant, and to Carhlix, and took with him all time barons of Brittany that were battoon geules upon the shield. The ladies and damsels were most of his party. He also Ikept with hinm many of tixe French nobles, to superbly dressed and ornamented, according to their different degre~,~ advise with and consult. While he was in Carhaix, settlinmg and -- ____________________________________________________ * Robenm oe Keaumano mir, aomaresthali de Bretagne. — Jist. de Bretagnac. * In the diocese of the St. Pol de L6on, five leagoes from the sea, mmnd seven from St t No menution is made of this in Dugeale, and timers were no viecounts, but bar~e, at irieux. i that pernoi. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &e 61 except the countess of Salisbury, who came there in as plain attire husband's dishonor. At this feast were henry, surnamed Wry.neck, as possible. She was not willing that the king should give up too earl of Lancaster, sir Henry his son earl of Derby, lord Robert d'Armuch time to admire her; for she had neither wish nor inclination tois earl of Richmond, the earl of Northampton and Gloucester, the to obey him ir, anything evil, that might turn out to her own or her earl of Warwick, the earl of Salisbury, the earl of Pembroke, the 11Mbu11 ll E \ ti 1 TOURNAMENT-From a MS. Froissart. of the fifteenth century er'!,.f Hereford, the earl of Arundel, the earl of Cornwall, the earl selves should request a truce. His council, however, witn all due of.;ford, the earl of Suffolk, the lord Stamford, and many other deference, said, that that would not be the most advisable means, barto and knights of England. The king, on the departure of these considering he had before so ruined and destroyed that country, and nobl s, received letters from different lords in the countries of' Gas- that he had more important affairs on his hands in other parts. They cony, Bayonne, Flanders, and from his great friend Jacob von Arta- added, that it was great wisdom, when engaged in different wars, to veld. He also heard from the borders of Scotland, from the lord pacify one power by a truce, another by fair words, and make war on Roos of Hamlake and lord Percy, and the lord Edward Baliol, who the third. The king was persuaded, by these and other reasons, and was governor of Berwick, that the Scots kept the truce, which had begged the above-mentioned prelate to undertake this mission. The been agreed to last year between the English and Scots, very indif- bishop would not say nay. but set out on his journey. He soon re. ferently; and that they had issued out proclamations for assembling turned without doing anything, and related to the king, that the king a large force, but he was uncertain to what part they would direct it. of Scotland had no power to make a truce without the will and conThe garrisons which he kept in Poitou, Saintonge, la Rochelle, sent of the king of France. Upon hearing this, the king exclaimed and the Bourdolois, wrote to inform him that the French were making aloud, that he would shortly so ruin and destroy the kingdom of great preparations for war; and that as the truce agreed to by the Scotland, it should never recover front it He issued out a procla. kings of France and England, after the breaking up of the siege of mation through his realm, for all persons to assemble at Berwick, Toulrnay, was near expiring, it behoved his mnajesty to have good by the feast of Easter, properly armed, and prepared to follow him advice. He answered every part of their letters. wherever he should lead them, except those who were to go into Brittany. When Easter came, the king held a great court at Berwick. All C H A P T E R X C. I the princes, lords, and knights, who at that time were in England, were there, as well as great numbers of the common people of the THE K(NTG OF ENGLAND SENDS THE LORD ROBERT D'ARTOIS INTO BRITTANY. I. t E LORD ROERT country. They remained there three weeks, without making any DulING the sessions of a parliament held at London, the king was excursion; for prudent and good men were busily employing themdesilrons of pu)tting everythingr else aside, and to succor the countess selves to form a truce, which at last was agreed and sworn to, for of Montfort, who at that time was on a visit to the queen of England. two years; and the Scots had it confirmed by the king of France. He entreated, therefore, his dear cousin lord Robert d'Artois, that he The king of England sent all his people to their own homes; he woulld collect as many men-at-arms and archers as he could, and pass himself returned to Windsor. He sent the lord Thomas Holland and over with the countess into Brittany. The lord Robert made his sir John Darvel to Bayonne, with two hundred men-at-arms and foui preparations, and, having assembled his numbher of men-at-arms and hundred archers, to guard that frontier against tile French. archers, went to Southampton, where they iay a considerable time on account of contrary winds. About Easter, they embarked and put to sea. At this same parliament, thle barons earnestly advisedl CHAPTER XCI. the king, in consideration of the lmultitllde of bulsiness he had ulponl his hands, to send the bishop of Linc:ldn t, his:)rothele-in-law e teOFF G.RNE BETEN THE LOR ROBERT a king of Scotland, to treat for a firm and stablel tlruce to last tor two OTS ANT LR EWS OF SAN otnlr years Tbel he k ing waYs ioath to chit it; (as ne weas desirous to W|VE must now return to lord Robert d'Artolis anld his army. Enaster arcr. e rh th,lvar against the Scots in such a all;nnrr that they them- fell so late that year, that it was about the beginnlling,f May; anld f62 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. the middle of that month was the period when the truce between the I there: and falling in with foibur vessels belonging to Bayonne, which lord Charles and the countess of Montfort was to expire The lord I were coming from Flanders, they attacked and took them, and put Charles had received information of the countess of Montfort's jour- all whom they found on boarl to death. They made for La Ro. ney into England, of her solicitations for assistance, and of the succor chelle, and, in a few days, came to Guerrande, where they landed; the king of' England was to give her: on which account, the lord and, having heard that the lord Robert d'Artois was laying siege to Lewis of Spain, sir Charles Grimaldi, and sir Otho Doria, were sta- Vannes, they sent to lord Charles, who was at Rennes, to know how tioned off Guernsey, with thirty.two large vessels, having on board he would have them act. three thousand Genoese, and a thousand men-at-arms. The lord The lord Robert, as you have heard, was before Vannes, with a Robert d'Artois, the earl of Pembroke, the earl of Salisbury, the earl thousand men-at-arms, and three thousand archers. He overran, of Suffolk, the earl of Oxford, the baron of Stamford, the lord De- burnt, and destroyed all the country round about as far as Dinant spencer, the lord Bouchier, with many other knights from England, and Goy la Fort, so that no one dared remain in the fiat country. and their followers, were accompanying the countess of Montfort to During this siege of Vannes, there were many skirmishes and attacks Brittany, and had a wind to their wish: when in an afternoon, as at the barriers of the town, the inhabitants of which were eager to they were near the island of Guernsey, they perceived the fleet of defend themselves. The countess remained all the time with tile the Genoese, of which the lord Lewis was commander. Upon this, lord Robert at the siege. Sir Walter Manny, who had continued in the sailors cried out, " Gentlemen, arm yourselves and make ready, Hennebon the whole time that the countess was in England, gave for here are the Genoese and Spaniards bearing down upon us." up the charge of it to the lord of Cadoudal; and taking with him sir The English then sounded their trumpets, spread out their pennons Yves de Tresiquidi, a hundred men-at-arms, and two hundred arch to the wind, ornamented with the devices of their arms and with ers, came to the army before Vannes. Soon after his arrival, thn the banner of St. George. Every one posted himself properly at his town was assaulted in three places at once; and the English archers quarters, and filling up the intervals with archers, they advanced full shot so quickly, that scarcely any one dared to shpw themselves at sail toward the eneniy. They might be about forty-six vessels, great the battlements. This combat lasted a whole day, and many were and small; but there were none so large as nine of those under the killed and wounded on both sides. Toward evening, the English lord Lewis, who had likewise three galleys, in each of which were retired to their quarters, and the inhabitants to their houses, quite the three leaders, the lord Lewis, sir Charles Grimaldi, and sir Otho tired, when they disarmed themselves: but the army did not so; Doria. The fleets approached each other, and the Genoese began to they only took off their helmets, and drank once to refiresh themshoot with their cross-bows at random, which the English archers selves. Presently after, by the advice of lord Robert, the army was returned. This continued some time, and many were wounded: but drawn out again in three divisions: two of them were led to that when the barons, knights, and squires were able to come to close part of the town where they intended to make the strongest assault, combat, and could reach each other with their lances, then the battle and the third was ordered to remain quiet, until the engagemient raged, and they made good trial of each other's courage. The should have lasted some time, which would probably bring all the countess of Montfort was equal to a man, for she had the heart of a inhabitants to that quarter to defend themselves: they were then to lion; and, with a rusty sharp sword in her hand, she combated advance to the weakest part of the place, and, being provided with bravely, rope ladders and iron hooks, they were to attempt to sdale the walls The Genoese and Spaniards, who were in these large vessels, and conquer the town. This was executed. The lord Robert threw down upon their enemies great bars of iron, and annoyed them marched with the van division, and skirmished close up to the bar much with very long lances. This engagement began about vespers, riers: the earl of Salisbury did the same at another gate: and be. and lasted until night parted them; for, soon after vespers, there came cause it was very late, to alarm the inhabitants more, they made on such a fog, they could scarcely distinguish each other; they there- great fires, so that the flames lighted the whole town; which made fore separated, cast anchor, and got their ships in order, but did not many think their houses were on fire. They cried out " Treason! disarm, for they intended renewing the fight the next day. About treason! arm yourselves;" for many were already gone to rest, as midnight, a violent storm arose; and so tremendous was it, that it they had worked hard in the day time. They got up as quickly as seemed as if the world would have been destroyed: there were not, they could, and ran, without any order, and without speaking to their on either side, any so bold, but who wished themselves on shore; captains, to the part where the fires were The lords also, who were for these barges and vessels drove so furiously against each other, in their hotels, armed themselves. In the midst of this bustle, the that they feared they would go to pieces. The English lords inquired earl of Oxford and sir Walter Manny advanced, with the third div] of the sailors what was best to be done: they answered, to disembark sion, to a part where there was no guard; and, having fixed thei! as soon as they could; for there were such risks at sea, that if the ladders, mounted them, with their targets on their heads, saad entered wind should continue as violent as it then was, there would be danger the town very quietly, without the French or Bretons, who were of their being all drowned. They therefore drew up their anchors, within it, having the least suspicion until they saw their enemies il set their sails about half a quarter, and made off. On the other hand, the streets. They then all took to flight, each to save himself: theib the Genoese weighed their anchors, and put off to sea; for their yes- captains, not having time to get into the castle, mounted their horses, sels being so much larger than the English, could weather the tempest and, passing through a postern, gained the fields, to save their lives. more securely; and also, if they should drive too near the shore, they happy were those who could by this means escape. However, the ran a risk of being wrecked, which made them take to the deep. As four knights mentioned at the beginning of this chapter, saved them they *ere going off, they fell in with four English vessels, laden with selves, and a part of their people; but all who were encountered by provisions, which had kept out of the engagement: they seized them, the Engtish were slain or made prisoners. The town of Vannes and took them in tow. The wind and tempest were so vehement, was overrun and sacked; all sorts of people entered into it; and the that, in one day, they were driven more than a hundred leagues from countess of Montfort made her entry there with lord Robert d'Artois, the place where they had fought. The lord Robert gained land at a to her great joy. small port near the city of Vannes; and they were all rejoiced when they set foot on shore. CHAPTER XCIII. THE DEATH OF THIE LORD ROBERT D'ARTOIS, CHAPTER XCI I. THUS, as I have related, was the town of Vannes taken.. Five THE LORD ROBERT D'ARTOIS TAKES THE CITY OF VANNES. days after that event, the countess of Montfort, sir Walter Manny, THus by this tempest was the engagement at sea interrupted, be- sir Yves de Tresiquidi, and many other English and Breton knights, tween the lord Robert and lord Lewis and their fleets. It is difficult returned to Hennebon. At the same time, the earl of Salisbury, the to say to whom the honor belongs; for they separated unwillingly, earl of Suffolk, the earl of Pembroke, with three thousand men-at. on account of the badness of the weather. The English, having arms and three thousand archers, took leave of the lord Robert, lef landed near Vannes, disembarked, on the sand, their horses, provis- Vannes, and went toward Rennes, which the lord Charles and his ions, and arms. They then ordered their fleet to make for Henne- lady had quitted four days before, and were gone to Nantes; but bon, and determined to lay siege to Vannes. The lords Herv6 de they had left in that city great numbers of knights and squires. The L6on and Olivier de Clisson were in it, as governors for the lord lord Lewis of Spain remained at sea with his Genoese and SpanCharles of Blois: the lords of Tournemine and Loheac were there lards, and so carefully guarded the coasts of England, that no one also. When they perceived that the English were coming to besiege could come from thence, or go into Brittany, without much. danger; them, they looked well to the castle, their watch-towers, and gates; and this year he did great damage to the English. and at every gate they posted a knight, with ten men-at-arms and The country was much agitated by the capture of the city of twenty archers among the cross-bows. To return to the lord Lewis Vainves; for they imagined that the captains who were within it and his fleet, who were, all that night and the morrow until noon, ougl,' to have defended it against all the world, as it was sufficiently violently driven about by the tempest, and in very great danger: strom,.~, very well provided with men-at-arms, artillery, and all other they lost two of their ships, with all that were on board. The third sorts of provision. The lord of Chisson and sir Herv6 de L{on were day early, the stormy weather abated, when the knights asked the quit, ashamed of their mishap; and, their enemies speaking villain. sailors which was the nearest land; who answered, the kingdom of ousl- of what they had done, they sent to a great number of knights Navarre: and the masters of the vessels said, the tempest had driven and: juires of Brittany, and entreated they would meet them at an them more than one hundred and twenty leagues from the coasts of appo; ated rendezvous, by a certain day, with as many followers as Brittany. They east anchor, and waited for the return of the tide. they ould bring. They ail cheerfully promised, and exerted them. When the flood caime, they had a tolerably fair wind to carry, therim selvei',o much, as did many of the people in Brittany, that, by the oward La Rochelle. They coasted by Bayonne, but did not touch a npolted ime, there came before the town of Vannes twelve thou EXTRA NEW WORLD. 63 sand men armed. including freemen and feofib. Thither cam6, with the lord Charles, who was within it, sent frequent information to the a numerous body, the lord Robert de Beaumanoir, marshal of Brit- king of France of the state of his affairs, who had already ordered tany; and having besieged the city on every side, they began to his son, the duke of Normandy, to his assistance, and which duke assault it very sharply. When the lord Robert found himself thus was then come to Angers, where he had fixed the rendezvous for his besieged in Vannes, he was not negligent to defend it valiantly against forces that came to him from all quarters. During this siege, the the Bretons, who repeated their attacks with great courage and eager- king of England made frequent skirmishes, but without success, ness, lest those who had gone for Rennes should return and disap- always losing some of his men. When, therefore, he found he could point their enterprise. They gave one assault so well supported by gain nothing by his assaults, and that the lord Charles would not the knights, squires, and even by the commonalty of the country, come out into the plains to fight with him, he established there the that they overpowered the barriers of the town, then the gates, and earl of Oxford, sir Henry Beaumont, the lord Percy, the lord Roes, entered the town by storm, putting the English to flight, killing and the lord Mowbray, the lord Delawar, sir Reginald Cobham, sir.ohn wounding many. Among the last was the lord Robert, who was Lisle, with six hundred men armed and two hundred archers. lie very badly wounded, insomuch that it was with'difficulty he escaped himself advanced into the country of Brittany, wasting it wherever being taken: he fled through a postern gate, and lord Stafford with he went, until he came to the town of Dinant, of which sir Peter him. At this capture of Vannes, the lord Despencer, son of the lord Portebceuf was governor. He immediately laid siege to it all round, Hugh Spencer, mentioned at the beginning of this history, was taken and ordered it to be vigorously assaulted: those within made a val.prisoner by sir Herv6 de L6on; but he was so badly wounded that iant resistance. Thus did the king of England, in one season and he died the third day afterwards. Thus did the French regain the in one day, make an assault by himself, or those ordered by him, upon town of Vannes. three cities in Brittany and a good town. Lord Robert d'Artois continued some little time in Hennebon; out at last he was recommended to return to Englland, where he would find more skilfiul surgeons and physicians. On his voyage, C H A P T E R X C V. he was so much affected and oppressed by sea-sickness that his THE LORD OF CLTSSON AND SIR HERVE DE LEO0 ARE TAKEN PRISONERS wounds grew worse: he survived but a short time after he had been BY THE ENG.ISH. carried to London. He was courteous, courageous, and gallant, and of the fist blood in te i e was buried at London in the DURING the time that the king of England was thus overrunning the of the first blood in thie worhd. I-e was buried at London in the cutyo rtay i ryta a eign ansmd vr church of St. Paul; and the hing of England made his obsequies as country of Brittany, his army that was besieing Vannes made every solemrn as if they had been for -his wousin-german the earl of Derby. clay some sharp assaults upon one of the gates: all the, most expert The lord Robert,as im nuch laniented in England; and when the warriors of each side were attracted to that place, and many gallant king was informed of hii death, he swore he would never rest until deeds of arns were performed; for those of Vannes had opened the he had revrenged it: he would go himself into Brittany, and reduce gate, and posted themselves at the barriers, because they had noticed the country to such a sitnationn thit it should not recover itself for the banners of the earl of Arundel,. the earl of Warwick, the baron forty years. He issued out his summons for all manner of persons of Stafford, and sir Walter Manny, who appeared to them to adven. to get themselves in readiness to follow him at the end of the mnonth; ture themselves too rashly. Upon which the lord of Clisson, sir and hie collected a numnerous fleet, well provided with everytiring n. nd he collected a numerous fleet, well povided ith everyting Herv6 de Leon, and some other knights, took more courage.. The that was necessary. At tihe end of the month he put to sea, and ~ that was necessary. At the end of the month he put to sea, and engagement was well supported on both sides, and lasted a consider. anchored near Vannes, at the same place where lord Robert had ab e from the barriers. The Breton knights, opening the barriers, pushed landed with his army. It took them three days to disembark their horses, provisions, &c.: on the fourth, they advanced toward Vannes. forward, sword in hand, leaving behind them six knights, with a suf The earls of Salisbury and Pembroke, with the English befbre named, ficient force, to guard the town, and pursued the English, who fouglt all this time carrying on the siege of enne. well as they retreated. The conflict became stronger; for the Eng. were all this time carrying on the siege of Rennes. lish increased and were strengthened, which forced the Bretons to retire, but not so regularly as they had advanced. The struggle now was very hard: the Breton knights had much difficulty to return, C H A P T E R X C I V. and many were killed and wounded. When those at the barriers THE KiING OF ENGLAND CONTINUES THE WAR IN PERSON IN BRITTANY. saw their people retreating and driven back, they closed them, but so untimely that the lord of Clisson was shut out, and also sir Hervr TuE English kinag was so active from the time of his landing i' de L6on, who were both taken prisoners. On the other hand, on Brittany, that he -advanlced with his, whole army before Vannes, and the part of the English, who had advanced too eagerly, was the baron laid siege to it. At that tinle there was in Vannes Olivier de Clis- of Stafford, who was inclosed between the barriers and the gate, son, 1sir Herv' doe Leon, the lord of Tournemine, sir Geoffry de where the combat raged fiercely. The lord Stafford was taken, and Malestroit, sir Guy de Loheac, who having imagined for some time So te English many of his people were made prisoners, or slain. So the English theat the king of England would came to Brittany, had oamply pro retreated to their quarters, and the Bretons into the city of Vannes vided the town and castle with men, and every lind of stores and provisions. When the king had quartered his men, he ordered an assault, and his archers to make good use of their bows. This lasted half a day; but he won nothing, though he labored hard, so well was C H A P T E R XC VI. the town defended. As soon as the countess of Montfort knew of THE KING OF ENGLAND TAKES TE TOWN OF DINANT. THE LORD LEWIS THlE K~ING OF ENC.LAND TAK~ES TIIE TOWN OF DINANT. THE LdaD LEWL~Y the arrival of the king of England, she set out from Hennebon, ac- OF.SPAIN MAKES SOME CRUISES AT SEA. companied by sir Walter Manny and other knights and squires, and came toward Vannes to compliment the king, and entertain him and IN the manner above related were these knights taken prisoners. all the barons of. hit army. After a stay of four days, she an(" her After that engagement, there were not many others of consequence; suite returned to Hennebon. for each side was upon the guard. The king of England had laid We must now speak of the lord Charles of Blois, who remained siege to Dinant, who when he had been four days before it, collected in the city of Nantes. When he was informed that the king of a great number of boats, in which he placed his archers, and had England was come into Brittany, Ihe signified it to the king of France, them rowed up to the palisades of wood with which the town was his uncle, in order to obtain assistance. The king of England per.. inclosed. They shot so well that no one dared scarcely to show him.ceiving that Vannes was strong, and well provided with every neces- self at the windows, or anywhere else, to defend it. With the archers, sary, and hearing from his people that the country round about was there were others who with sharp axes, while the archers made use poor, and so destroyed that they had difficulty in getting forage for of their bows, cut the palisades, and in a short time did so much themselves and horses, as they were very numerous, ordered the earl damage that' they flung down a large part of them, and entered the of Arundel, the baron of Stafford, sir Walter Manny, sir Yves de town by force. The towns-people fled toward the market-place; Tresiquidi, sir Girard de Rochefort, with five hundred men-at-arms but there was little regularity or order among them, for those who and six thousand archers, to remain there. He himself, with the rest had passed the ditch in boats, and had entered the town, advanced of his army, advanced toward Rennes, burning and ruining the to the gate, and opened it, so that every one might pass. Thus was country on all sides, and was most joyfully received by his army, the town of Dinant in Brittany taken, sacked and pillaged, and the who lay before it, and had been there fir a considerable time. When governor, sir Peter Portebmuf, made prisoner. The English took he had tarried five days, he learnt that the lord Charles was at Nantes, whatever they pleased, and made a rich booty, for the town at that collecting a large force of men-at-arms. He set out, therefore, leaving time was very wealthy and full of merchandise. When the king of those whom lie found at Rennes, alnd came before Nantes, which he England had achieved this deed, and had conquered the town, he left besieged as closely as he could; but he was unable to surround it, it empty, not having any intention of keeping it, and advanced such was its size and extent. The marshals, therefore, and their toward Vannes, where he took up his quarters. people, overran the country, and destroyed it. The king of England We must now speak of the lord Lewis of Spain, the lord Charles drew out one day his arlmy in battle array on a hill near Nantes, in Grimaldi, and the lord Otho Doria, who at this time had under their expectation that the lord Charles would come forth, and offer him command eight galleys, thirteen barges, and thirty-nine vessels, manan opportunity of fghting with him: but, having waited_.from morn- ned by Genoese and Spaniards. They kept cruising between Eng. ing till noon in vain, they returned to their quarters: the light horse land and Brittany, and at times did great mischief to the English however, in their retreat, galloped up to the barriers, and set fire to who were coming to recruit their countrymen with troops and pro..he suburbs. visions. Once among other times, they attacked the fleet of the The king of England, in this manner remained before Nantes: king'of England, that lay at anchor in a small port of Brittany near 64 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. Vannes, which not being sufficiently guarded, they slew a great part neste and the cardinal of Clermont, who made frequent visits from of the mariners, and would have done much more damage, if the I one armyto theother, to endeavor to reconcile them; but they would English, who were before Vannes, had not hastened to their assist- not consent to a peace.* There were frequent engagements between ance. When this news was brought to the army, every one was in the foragers, and many killed on each side. The English were motion: but, notwithstanding the speed they made, they could not obliged to go out foraging in large parties, for fear of falling into am. prevent the lord Lewis and his party from carrying off four vessels buscades; and every time they went abroad they were in great dan laden with provisions, and sinking three others, the crews of which ger of them. Add to this, that the lord Lewis of Spain, and his were all drowned. Thre king was then advised to send one part of fleet, guarded so carefully the coast, that the English army could. his fleet to the harbor of Brest, and the other to that of Hennebon, scarcely receive anything from England, which made them suffer which he complied with, and continued to besiege both Vannes and much. It was the intention of the duke to keep the king thus in a Rennes. manner besieged: but the French enldured much pain friom the incle. mency of the weather, for it rained night and day, which destroyed C HAPTER XCVI I. the greater part of their horses, and forced them to dislodge and lie in the open fields, from the great quantity of water which inundated TIlE DUKE OF NORMANDY BRINGS wITHI nIM SOME LORDS OF FRANCE, their camp. The cardinals n(ew exerted themselves so efibctually, TO oPPosE THlE KIN-G OF ENG~LAND IN BRITTANY. TO OPPOSE TE IG OF ENGLAND IN iANY. that a truce for three years was agreed to; and the king of England WE will now return to the army which the duke of Normandy and the duke swore, as is customary, not to infringe it duringf that was marching into Brittany, to assist his cousin the lord Charles of time. Blois. The duke, after having colleected his forces, was informed how the king of Eogland was laying waste all the country of Brit- C A T R CIX C,, I 1-1 ~~~~~~~~~~C HAP T ER X CI X. tany; that he was besieging three cities, and had taken the town of Dinant; he set out therefore with a very great force from the city TIHE KING OF FRANCE ORDERS THiE LORD OF CLISSON, AND /MANY OTIIEI of Angers, having more than four thousand men-at-arms, and thirty LORDS OF BRITTANY AND NORMANDY, TO BE BEItIEADED. thousand others. All the baggage took the high road for Nantes, TI-iUS these great armies were separated, and the siege of Vannes under the cormmand of the two marshals of France, the lord of Mont- raised. The duke of Normandy retired to Nantes, and took the two morency, and the lord de St. Venant. After thenm came the duke cardinals with him; the king of England went to the countess of of Normandy, the earl d'Alen8on his uncle, the earl of Blois his jMoatfo,rt at Hennebon. There was an exchange made of the lord cousin, the duke de Bourbon, the earl de Ponthieu, the earl of Bou- of Clihson for the baron of Stafford. When the king of England logne, the earl of Vend6me, the earl of Dammartin, the lord of Craon, had been some time at Hennebon with the countess, and had arranged the lord of Coucy, the lord of Sully, the lord of Fresnes, the lord of his affairs, he gave her in charge to the two brothers de Spinefort, Roye, apd so many barons and knights from Normandy, Auvergne, sir William de Cadoudal, and others, and set out with his knights Limousin, Berry, Maine, and Poitou, that it would take too much for England, where he arrived about Christmas.t The duke of Nortime to name them all; and they were every day increasing, for the mandy returned into France, and having disbanded his army, each king of France had reiterated his summons. The E aglish lords be- vent to his own home. fore Nantes received intelligence that the duke of Normandy was on Soon afterwards, the lord of Clisson was arrested, upon suspicion his march with forty thousand men; this news they sent off in great of treason, and confined in the pitson of the Chktelet in Paris; at haste to king Edward; the receiving of which made him very which all who heard it were inuch surprised.'The barons and knimhts thoughtful; and he had at one time the idea of breaking up the siege of France asked each other what could be the reason, for they of Vannes, as well as that of Rennes, and to retire toward Nantes. could not make out anything siatisfactory: but they imnagined it He was, however, advised to continue where lie was, as his position might be occasioned by jealous-y, because the king of Englandtl had was strong, and near to his fleet, and to wait for his enemies. He preferred to exchange hiin for lord Stafford to sir Hervi6 de Leon, was also advised to send for the division of his arnmy that was before who was still a ijrisne so thit the favor tie king of IEnnland Nantes, and continue the siege of Rennes; as that place was not so had shown to the lord of Cliszon in preference to sir Herv6, his enear distant but that his army could come to his assistance, if there mies thought had been improperly gained, and groundied upon thtat should be any necsssity for it. The king followed this counsel, and the suspicion for which he lost his head at Paris, and whic oc.Casent for those that were before Nantes, where the lord Charles, and sicloned great grief, for no one could find a sufficient reason for it.l a number of knights were. The lords were lodged in the town, and Shortly afterwards, many other kimiohts were accused of similar the army round about; for there was not room for them in the city crimes. The lord of Malestroit and his son, the lord of Avaugotr, or suburbs. sir Tibaut de Morillon, and otner lords of Brittany, to the number of ten knights and squires, were beheaded at Paris. Four other C H A P~T HR C ~V ~Ij. Iknights of Normandy, sir Witlianm Baron, sir Henry de Malestroit, C HAP T ER X C VII I. the lord of Rochetessn, and sir Richaid de Persy, were put to death TiE ICING OF ENGLAND AND TIHE DUKE OF NORMANDY ENCAMP THEIR upon reports, whethier well eouned or not I am ignorant, which ARIIES OPPOSITE TO EACH OTHER, NEAR TO VANNES. caused afterwards great troubles in Brittany and Normandy. The DURING the time the dulte of Normandy remlained in Nantes, the lord of Clisson left behind him a son, named Olivier de Clisson after lords of England who were before Rennes made a vigorous assault his father, who ihrew hinselfirnmdiatey to the castle of it upon that city; they had, for a long time before, prepared machines fort, with the countess and her son, who, was nearly of the same ag,. for this attack. Though it lasted a whole day, they gained no ad- with himself, and without a father; for in truth the earl of IMontfors vantage, but lost many of their men. The baron d'Ancenis, the lord had died in the Louvre at Paris.} du Pont, sir John de Malestroit, Yvain Charruel, and Bertrand dui Gueselin, then a squire, were in the town, and, as well as the bishop, defended themselves so valiantly, that they suffered no loss. Not- C I A P T E R C. withstanding this, the English remained before the place, and wasted RING EDARD NSTITUTES TE ORDER O ST. GEORE, T WINS. n'~~~~~~~~~KING EDWARD INSTITUTES THE'ORDER OF ST. GEORGE, AT WINDSOR. and destroyed the country round about. The duke of Normandy left Nantes with his army, and was ad- AOT this time, the king of England resolved to rebuild and evised to advance toward Vanles, that he might the sooner meet tie ellish the groat emstle of Windsor, which king Arthur had fird bepistadwher the hrad castled afWndestablwishe kigAthuhad ir enemy; for he had heard that that town was much straitened, and founded in te past, ad where e had eected and established th fol oundedi table pastoan whence so ha retdany gsallatkighshad thau' in greater danger of being lost than Rennes. I4e and his whole army, noble round table from whence so nny gallant knihts had isu theeore, took teir route to Vannes, der te command of the forth, and displayed the valiant prowess of their deeds ait arms over therefore, took their othe cto rian ne s d. King Ed o t ha two marshals and sir Geoffry de Charny: the earl of Guines, son tohe wo ward, therefore, determined to establish an or the constable of France, had the rearward. They continued their der of knighthood, consisting of himself, his children, and the mosf march until they came pretty near to Vannes, on the opposite side gallant knights in Christendom, to the mber of forty. e odered to where the king of England was quartered; they then halted, en. it to be denominated "knights of the blue garter," and that the feat shoul be cenominated evihs fter ylegarte," atWndsrui that Gheogs cam]rped in a fine meadow, and made a large ditch in their front. The feast should be celebrated every year, at indsor, po t. George's marslhals, and sir Robert de Beaumanoir, marshal of Brittany, made day. He summoned,,therefore, all the earls, barons and knights of fi'.~qjueult excnrsions: there were skrirmishes on both- sides, which fiequet excrsions: thoerte were skirmisThes on both sides, which The first of these'prelates was Peter des Pr6s, born in Querry, chancellor of the ocicasioried the overthrow and death of many. The king o1 England church of Rome, and bishop of Frescati; the other was Annimhai de Cecano, bishop o solnt for the earl of Salisbury, the earl of Pembroke, and the rest who Palestine. The conference was held in the priory of the Magdalen, in tihe town of Males were besiegiung Rennes. The English, and the Bretons of the Mont- troit. The commissioners oni the part of France were, Eudesduke of Buirgiundy, and forpaty nht amountto two thousan fie Peter duke of Bourbon; on the part of England, -Ienry earl of Lancaster, W illiam Boforlt par'ty, might amount to nearly two thousand five hundred men- hnad~liln Rotct.-~t eU~tge nearly ~~~~~~~~~hun and Wvilliame Montarute.-Hist. de Bretagne. at amrns, six thousand a'chers, and three thousand men on foot. The t Edward embarked about the end of February, and landed at Weymouth, on a Sun,French were four times that number, well conditioned and well day, 2nd March, 1343. —RYMEa. narmted. TIle king of England had taken such a position before 4 The lord Stafford was exchanged for Olivier de Clisson, and Godfrey tie [tarcourt Vaimles, that tho Frenchi could not atttichi Ilimp but to their disadvari- They entered into a treaty with Edwaril, and the earl of Salislmry was the persoii to whom It was intrusted. On the earl's return to England, on hearing.fiom i. is ouintese t;aip; and s ince the arrival of the duke dif Normandy, he had not Emiward's conduct to her iturinig lis ahseemme, lie retired firom the court secretly, and ma:le Iny assamlt upon the town, wishing to spare his men alld his west to France, when lie delivered up to Philip de Valois the engagenments oft)livier de unl~tili~!r. Clisson inid the other knights. ()livier wmms iteheaded, and his body hiung on time gibboe at Montftincon. Gilfi'ey de Harcourt, beimig bmmnished the kingdom, retired to Emmngila I'll,~S th~r~set two, arniies tlay near eaclh o~l,!:er. fi.r a I,.mg~ timne. W~hen — Hist. de Bia. deitagne. Vul. i. p. 268. the winter set in, pi>pe Cleminment rI.. sent thither the cardinsl of Pro-. I ee a formner note, p. id, respecting his death. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. his realm, to inform them of his intentions; they heard it with great Abbeville, where they procured horses; but sir Herv6 was so ill, he pleasure; for it appeared to them highly honorable, and capable of could not bear the motion of the horse: he was therefore put in a increasing love and firiendship. Forty knights were then elected, litter, aald came to Paris, to king Philip, to whom he delivered his according to report and estimation the bravest in Christendom, who message, word for word; but he did not live long. He died in resealed, and swore to maintain and keep the feast and the statutes turning to his own country, in the city of Angers. God have merey which had been made. The king founded a chapel at Windsor, in on his soul! honor of St. George, and established canons, there to serve God, with a handsome endowment. He then issued his proclamation for CHAPTER CII this feast by his heralds, whom he sent to France, Scotland, Bur-. gundy, Hainault, Flanders, Brabant, and the empire of Germany, THE KING OF ENGLAND SENDS THE EARL OF DERBY TO MARE WAR IN gun ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~GAscoNY. and offered to all knights and squires, that might come to this cere- GASONY. mony, passports to last for fifteen days after it was over.* The cele- ST. George's day drew near, when the grand feast was to be celebration of this order was fixed for St. George's day next ensuing, to brated at the castle of Windsor. The king had made great preparabe held at Windsor, 1344; and the queen was to be present, accom- tions for it; and there were earls, barons, ladies, and damsels, most panied by three hundred ladies and damsels, all of high birth, and nobly entertained. The festivities and tilts lasted a fortnight. Many richly dressed in similar robes.t knights came to them from beyond sea, from Flanders, Hainault, and Brabant, but not one from France. During the holding of these feasts, the king received intelligence from different countries, par. ~CHAP ~T ER C ~. ~ticularly from Gascony. The lord de l'Esparre, the lord de Chaumont, the lord de Mucident, were sent thence by the other barons TIHE KING OF ENGLAND SETS AT LIBERTY SIR HERVE DE LEON. and knights who at that time were dependent on the king of England.; WHILE the king of England was employed in making preparations such as the lord' d'Albret, the lord de Puntiers, the lord de Montferfor the reception of the lords and ladies whom he expected at this rant, the lord of Duras, the lord of Craton, the lord of Grailley, and feast, news was brought him of the death of the lord of Clisson and many others; and some were likewise sent by the cities of Bordeaux the other knights. He was so much enraged at it, that he had deter- and Bayonne. These embassadors were most courteouslyentertained mined to retaliate upon the body of Sir IHerve de L6on, who was his and received by the king and his council; to whom they explained. prisoner, and would surely have executed it, if the earl of Derby, his the weakness of the country of Gascony, and that his good friends cousin, had not remonstrated, and showed in council such good rea- in that country and the loyal city of Bordeaux wanted aid: they there — sons, as, for the sake of his own personal honor, induced him to re- fore entreated, that he would send thither such a captain and force frain from this revenge. He added, "My lord, if that king Philip of men-at-arms, as he might think able to make head against the has, through rashness, had the villainy to put to death such valiant French, who kept the field in opposition to all that were sent to meets knights as these were, do not suffer your courage to be tainted by it; them. The king soon afterwards appointed his cousin the earl of for in truth, if you will but consider a little, your prisoner has no- Derby leader of this expedition, and nominated those knights that he. thing to do with this outrage:,have a goodness, therefore, to give had fixed upon to be under him; first, the earl of Pembroke, thehim his liberty, at a reasonable ransom." The king ordered the cap- earl of Oxford, the lord Stafford, sir Walter Manny, sir Frank valmt, tive knioght to be brought before him, and said, " Ha, sir Herv6, sir Halle, sir I-Henry Earn of Brabant, sir Richard Fitzsimon, sir Hugh. Herv6, my adversary, Philip de Valois, has shown his treachery in Hastings, sir. Stephen Tombey, sir Richard Haydon, sir John Noi too cruel a manner, when he put to death so many knights. It has wich, sir Richard Radcliffe, sir Robert Oxendon, and several more, given me much displeasure; and it appears as it were done in de- They were fully three hundred knights and squires, six hundred men — spite of us. If I were to take his conduct for my example, I ought at-arms, and two thousand archers. The king advised the earl his. to do the like to you; for you have done me more harm in Brittany cousin to take plenty of gold and silver with him, and to bestow it; than any other; but I shall endure it, and let him act according to liberally among the knights and squires, in order to acquire their: his own will. I will preserve my own honor unspotted, and shall good opinion and affection. allow you your liberty at a trifling ransom, out of my love for the The king also, during the time of these festivals, sent sir Thomas. earl of Derby, who has requested it; but upon condition, that you Dagworth into Brittany, to reinforce the countess of Montfort, and perform what I am going to ask of you." The knight replied, assist her in preserving that country; for notwithstanding the truce,,, Dear sir, I will do, to the best of iny power, whatever you shall he doubted not but that king Philip would begin the war, on account. conmmand." The king said, "I khow, sir Herv6, that you are one of the message he had sent to him by sir Herv6 de L6on. HIe there-. of the richest knights in Brittany; and, if I were to press you, you fore dispatched thither one hundred men-at-arms, and two hundred would pay me thirty or forty thousand crowns for your ransom. But archers, under the command of sir Thomas. He likewise ordered you will go to king Philip de Valois, my adversary, and tell him from the earl of Salisbury into the county of D'ulnestre; for the Scots had, me, that, by putting so many knights to death in so dishonorable a rebelled against him, had burnt much in Cornwall, and had advanced manner, he has sore displeased me: and I say and maintain, that he as far as Bristol, and besieged the town of D'ulnestre.* However, has by this means broken and infringed. the truce which we had the earl of Salisbury marched thither, with three hundred men-at-arms, agreed to; and that from this moment I consider it as broken, and and six hundred archers well appointed. Thus the kingsent forth send him by you my defiance. In consideration of your carrying his people, and directed his treasurers to deliver out to the command.. this message, I will let you off for ten thousand crowns, which you ing officers a. sufficiency of money for their own expenses, and to pay will pay, or send to Bruges, in five days after you shall have crossed their fellow-soldiers; and each set out according to the orders he had: the sea. You will also inform all such knights and squiies as wish received. to attend my feast, for we shall be right glad to see them, not to de- We will speak first of the earl of Derby, as he had the greatest sist on this account, for they shall have passports for their safe return, charge, which he conducted to Southampton, and embarking oh. to last for fifteen days after it be over." "Sir," answered the board the fleet. stationed there for him, made sail for Bayonne: it: knighbt, "I will perform your message to the best of my abilities; was a handsome city, and had always held outifor the English. He: and God reward you and my lord of Derby for your kindness to me." arrived there, withoutaccident, on the 6th day of June, 1344, where. Sir Herv6 de L6on did not after this remain long in prison, but, he disembarked and landed his stores; they were joyfully received; having taken leave of the king, went to SOuthampton, and embarked by the inhabitants, and he remained there seven days, to refresh hins.. on board a vessel, with the intention of landing at Harfleur. A vio- self and his horses. The earl of Derby and his army left Bayonne. tent storm, however, which lasted fifteen days, p revented it. He the eighth day after his arrival, and set out for Bordeaux, where a lost his horses, as well as those of his servants, which were thrown grand procession came out to receive him. The earl was lodged in: overboard; and he himself was so ill by it, that he never after en- the abbey of St; Andrew and his people within the city. When the-, ioyed good health. At last the mariners, with much danger, landed count de Lisle was informed of the arrival of the English, he serti at Crotoy;t from whence sir Herve and his suite went on foot to for the count de Comminges, the count de Perigord, the count de Carmain; the viscount de Villemur, the count Duras, the count de.s *The number of knights of the garter were only twenty-six: underneath are the Valentinois, the count de Mirande, the lord of' Mirade, the lord de. names of the first knights: la Barde, the lord of Pincornet, the viscount de Chatillon, the tord& 1. K(ing Edward. 14. Thomas lord IHolland. of Chateauneuf, the lord de Lescun, the abbot, of St. Savin, andi 2. nEdward prince of Wales. 15. John lord Gray of Codnore. for all the other lords.who were; attached to the king of Franc:. 3. 1tenry earl of Lancaster. 16. Sir Richard Fitzsirnmon. As soons they ereall assemle, hedemnded their cuel o 4. Thlaomas earl of Warwick. 17. Sir Miles Stapleton. As st ofeas they were all assembled, loedeian ded their couteel ow B. Piers de Greilly, raptal of Buch. 18. Sir Thomas Wale. the arrival of the earl'ofDerby. The:.lords, in reply, said, they were; 6. Ralph lord Stafford. 19. Sir Hugh Wrottesley. sufficiently strong to defend the passage of the river Dordtigne;a5.m 7, Wrilliam earl of Salisbury. 20. Sir Nele Loring. 7. William erl ofalisbury.. Sir Nele Lorin. Bergerac, against the English. This answer mightily pleased thes 8. Roger earl of March. 21. Sir John Chandos. 9. John lord Lisle.. 22. Lord Janmes Audley. II. Bast~holnmew lord Bucgherst. 21. Sir~tho Hollandt. * This passage has puzzled me much. Mr. Barnes, in Iris!ife of Edward Itt., sa~, 11. Jonlr lord Beauchamp. 24. Sir Henry Ernr ofsBralsant. it was the young earl of Salisisury. One it mry MSS. caslls him tire lord Witisitsm eamrl P 12. Johln lordi Mohuar of Dunster. 25. Sir Snachic d'Amnbretirourt. Salisbury, which was the name of the earl's son. But l)ugdarle contents Ihissisell' s.:iti 13. IHugh lord Coomgenay. 26. Sir Waiter Paveley. saying, that in tire 18th of Edwavnrd Ill.," thie earl of Salislurry (speaking,f tle timS For firrther p.rticufars respecting the order of the garter, see Asimonsle and Anstis. earl)" was sent into the north, with the sorl if Ulster, ore hundred men-al-aria,. tlThe first mention of robes for the queen, &c., is an. 7 Ric. 2; but it is supposed the six humndlred acl'hers, agarinst the Scuots, then in hostility." tastirm oiriginatedl at the institutirsn.-AsHlmomE. If the Scots lmad adlvanced to Blristol, thern it maiy perlhps be Dunster crastle. t Crotoy, a town in Picardy, situated at the mouth of the Somme, opposite to St. Froissart seerrs to hlasve been umider a amistake, i'iom rmisinthrnmrtion, mr I csors 6mt m Valeryl I Oyar traces of this invasion. 56 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. count de Lisle, who was at that time like a king in Gascony, and had next the river; for it was there only fortified by palisades. The earl Been so since the conmmencement of the wars between the two kings. of Derby sent therefore to the fleet at Bordeaux for vessels, which He had taken the field, captured towns and castles, and waged war he ordered to come to him up the Dordogne; there were upward upon all who were of the English party. These lords sent imme- of sixty barks and other vessels lying at Bordeaux, that came to diately to assemble their dependents on all sides, and advanced to Ber- Bergerac. In the evening of the following day, the English made gerac, where they entered the suburbs, which are large, strong, and their arrangements, and at sunrise, all those who were ordered to partly surrounded by the Dordogne. They had all their purveyances attack the town, and the fleet, were quite ready, under the combrought to them there in safety. mand of the lord Stafford. There were many knights and squires who hal requested to be un this expedition, in hopes of prefer. \:~~~~ ~~ment, as well as a body of archers. They advanced in haste, and CHAPTER CIII. came to some large round piles placed before the palisades, which they flung down. The townsmen, seeing this, went to the count de THE EARL OF DERBY CONQUERS BERGERAC.O* Lisle, the lords, knights, and squires, who were present, and said to WHEN the earl of Derby had remained at Bordeaux for about fifteen them, "Gentlemen, we pray you to take heed what you are about; days, he was informed that the barons and knights of Gascony were for we run a great risk of being ruined. If the town be taken, we in Bergerac: he therefore, one morning, marched that way with his shall lose all we have, as well as our lives: it will therefore be army, and ordered his marshals, sir Walter Manny and sir Frank van much better that we surrender it to the earl of Derby, before we Halle, to push forward. The English marched that morning no more suffer more damage." The count replied, "We will go to that than three leagues, to a castle called Montcroullier, which belonged to quarter where the danger is; for we will not consent to surrender it them, and was situated a short league from Bergerac. At this castle so easily." The Gascon knights and squires came, therefore, to deof Montcroullier, they tarried that day and night. The day following, fend the palisades; but the archers, who were in the barks, kept up their scouts were sent as far as the barriers of Bergerac: and, on so quick an attack with their arrows, that none dared to show themtheir return, they related to sir Walter Manny, that they had recon- selves, unless they chose to run the risk of being killed or wounded. noitred the position of the French, which did not appear to them any- In the town there were with the Gascons two or three hundred Ge thing very formidable. This day, the English dined early; and, noese cross-bowmen, whose armor shielded them from the arrows during the repast, sir Walter Manny, addressing himself to the earl they kept the archers well employed all the day, and many on each of Derby, said, "My lord, if we were good knights, and well armed, side were wounded. At last, the English who were in the vessels we might, this evening, partake of the wines of these French lords exerted themselves so much that they broke down a large piece of who areingarrisonin Bergerac." The earl answered, "that it should the palisades; those of Bergerac then retreated, and requested time not be his fault if they did not." When their companions heard this, to consider if they should not surrender the place. The remainder they said, "Let us hasten to arm ourselves; for we will ride toward of that day and night was granted them, upon condition that they Bergerae." It was no sooner said than done: they were all armed, did not attempt to repair the breaches: and every one retired to his and mounted, in an instant. When the earl of Derby perceived such quarters. The lords of Gascony held, that night, a long council; willingness in his men, he was exceedingly joyful, and cried out, and about midnight, having packed up all their baggage, they set " In the name of God, and of St. George, let us march to our ene- out from Bergerac, and followed the road to la RioIe,* which is not rnles." They then rode on, with banners displayed, during the far distant, whose gates were opened to them, and there they took greatest heat of the day, until they came to the barriers of Bergerac: up their quarters. ~ which was not a place easily to be taken, for a part of the river Dor- The English, on the morrow morning, re/mbarked on board their dogrne surrounded it. The French lords who were in the town, fleet, and came to the part where the palisades had been broken -seeing the English coming to attack them, said they should be well down; they found in that place great numbers of the townsmen, aeceived, and sallied forth in battle array: they had with them a mul- who intreated the knights, that they would beseech the earl of Derby rhitude of foat soldiers, and country people badly armed. The Eng- to have mercy on them and allow them their lives and fortunes, and tish made their approaches in close order, so that they were plainly thenceforward they would yield obedience to the king of England. to be distinguished by the townsmen, and the archers began to shoot The earl of Pembroke and the earl of Oxford replied, that they.thickly. When the foot soldiers felt the points of the arrows, and would cheerfully comply with their request, and went to the earl of saw the banners and peunons glittering in the air, which they had Derby who was not present, and related to him what the inhabitants vot been accustomed to see, they fell back upon their men-at-arms: of Bergerac had desired of them. The earl of Derby answered, " Ife the archers continued to shoot with great quickness, doing much mis- who begs for mercy should have mercy shown him: tell them to chief to them. The lords of England then advanced, mounted on open their gates, and let us enter, and we will assure them of safety,their excellent coursers, with lances in their rests, and, dashing into from us and from our people." The two lords returned, and reported t:he midst of this infantry, drove;them down at pleasure, and killed what the earl had said. Upon which the townsmen went to the.and wounded the French men-at-arms in abundance; for they could market-place, where every one men and women being assembled, not in any way exert themselves, as these runaways had blocked up they rang the bells, threw open the gates, went out in procession to -the road. meet the earl of Derby, and with all humility conducted him to the There was a severe engagement, and many were killed and un- church, where they swore homage and fealty to him, acknowledging horsed: for the English archers, being posted on each side of the him as their lord, for the king of England, by virtue of a procuration road, shot so well together, that no one dared *to venture upon it. which he had with him.'Thus were those of Bergerac driven back again to. the suburbs, but with so much loss, that the first bridge and bars were taken by storm,:and the English entered with them. Upon the pavement were many knights and squires slain and wounded, and many prisoners 1made of C H A P T E R C I V.,those whocame forward todefend, the passage. The lordof'Mirepoix THE EARL OF DERBY CONqUEats MANY TOWNS AND FORTRESSES N was slain under the banner of sir Walter Manny, who was the first UPPER GASCONY.,:,hat entered the suburbs. W~hen the count de! Lisle saw that the; at enhe count do Lisle sawthat the THE same day that the count de Lisle, the barons and knights of English had got possession of the suburbs, and were knocking down Entlsh had got possession of the suburbs, and were knocking down -Gascony, had retreated to la RIsole, they held a council, and resolved:and killing his people without mercy, he and the other lords of Gas- to separate, and withdraw into fortresses, to carry on the war fo.to separate, and withdraw into fortresses, to carry on the war fi'om ~ cony maeahnsm erat toward the town, and passedthle bridge ny,ade a handsome retreat toward the townand passedte bride these garrisons, and to form a body of:four or five hundred combat. with great difficulty. At this place the engagement wasvery severe, antsy way of a frontier guard, uner te command of the seeschal ants, by way of a fi'ontier guard, under the command of the seneschal,and lasted a considerable time: the noblemen of France and of Eng- of Toulouse. The countide Villemur was ordered to Auberoche; land, named in the preceding chapters, combated most valiantly hand sir Bertrand de Pres toPeagrue; the lord Phiip d yon to MAto hand: neither knight nor bachelor could there conceal himself. sir B ertrand des Pres to Pelagrue; the lord Phiip de Dyon to M.a Sir Walter Manny had advanced so far among his enemies,:that hre tagret;~ the lord of Montbrandon to Mauduran; sir Arnold de Dyon.Sir Wlter Manny had advanced so far among his enemies, that he to 1W:. tgis; Robert de Malmore to Beaumont, in Laillois; sir Charles was in great danger. The English made prisoners of.the viscount - de Poitise to Pennes in the Angenois. All these knights departed dfe Bousquetin, the lords of Chatillon, of.Chateauneuf, and of Lescun. for their different garrisons; but the count de Lisle remained in ls'The French retreated into the fort, let down the portcullis, and R, and had the fortress put in proper repair. When the earl ot anRiole, and had the fortress put in proper repair. When the earl ot:getting upon the battlements, began'to throw stones and other things, Derby had taken possession of Bergerac, and staid there two days, Derby had taken possession of Bergerac, and staid there two days, to drive:their enemies away. This assault and skirmish lasted until he asked the seneschal of Bordeaux, what was most advisable for vespers, whenthe English'retreated, quite weary, into the suburbs, him next to undertake, as he wished not to remain idle. The senes,whiich~they had won; where~they found such quantities of provision chal replied, that he thought it would be best to go toward Perigord.and wine,l that might, on occasion, have' lasted them for four months and upper Gascony. The earl of Derby then gave out his orders to umost'plentiftil!y. Whafen'thelp morr w dawned, the earl of Derby had histrum march toward Perigord, and left sir John de la Sant[I1. captain ot ounded, a dhs mo~rces dawn out inR battle arrayto approach thmet Bergerac. As the English advanced, they came to a castle called sounded, and his.forces drawn ouit in battle array, to apIproach the - town,. and make a mighty assault, which lasted until noon. They Rdole-a town of heBazadois.ontheGaronne. had not much success; for they found that there were within it? In Perigord, diocese of Perigueux. men who defended themselves valiantly. At noontide, the English t A smal town of Condomois, in the diecese ofCondom. retreated, perceiving that they only lost their time. The lords then ~ A town in Perigord, diocese of Perigueux. assembled in council, and determined to attack the town on the side ii In one MS. it is Sonct; in Barnes's history of Edward Hi., sir John st. John: b; he does not mention his authority for so altering it. is my printed copy and anotb/ A Ivovulous town ki Perigio'dl, d/oceese of Periguaeuxc. i lMS. it is Santd, and is so in l ord Berner's translation CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 67 Langon,* of which the provost of Toulouse was governor: they dismounted, and, sword in hand, fought with the English, and mani. halted there, not thinking it prudent to leave such a post in their tained their ground so well that they lost nothing. rear, and the marshal's battalion immediately began the assault, which The English returned to the earl of Derby, who marched forward lasted all that day, but they gained nothing. Almost the whole army until he came before Pelegrue, where he remained six days, and was employed against it the next day; and, with wood and faggots many an assault was made upon it. During the time he continued they filled up the ditches, so that they could approach the walls. Sir there, the earl of Oxford and his companions were exchanged, for Frank van Halle asked the French if they were willing to surrender, the viscount de Bousquetin, the viscount de Ch.tilloii, the lord of because they might delay it until it was too late. Upon this, they Lescun, the lord of Chateauneuf; and upon condition that the lands demanded a truce to consider of it, which being granted them, after of Perigord should remain in peace for three years: not, however, some little time spent in counsel, they all set out for Monsac,t in the but that any knight or squire might take up arms, without forfeiting French interest, but took nothing with them. The earl of Derby the treaty; but nothing was to be burnt or pillaged in that country appointed a squire called Aymon Lyon, governor of the castle of for that space of time. The English therefore departed from before Langon,4 and gave him thirty archers. Pelagrue, as it was part of Perigord, and rode toward Auberoche,* The earl of Derby then rode on toward a town called Le Lac; but where there is a handsome and strong castle, appertaining to the the townsmen came out to meet him, brought him the keys of the archbishop of Toulouse. The English took up their quarters round town, and swore homage and fealty to him. The earl passed on, about it, as if they meant to remain there for a length of time, and and came to Mandarant, which he took by storm: after he had sent word to those within, that if they did not surrender speedily, placed a garrison in the fortress, he came before Montgis, won it in when the town was taken, they should be all put to the sword withthe same manner, and sent the governor prisoner to Bordeaux. He out mercy. The inhabitants of the town and castle were much afterwards advanced to Punach, which he took, and did the same to alarmed; and, seeing no appearance of any succor coming to them, the town and castle of Lieux~, where he staid three days to refresh they put themselves under the obedience of the earl of Derby, upon himself and army. On the fourth day he marched to Forsath,[[ condition that their lives and fortunes were spared, and acknowledged which he gained easily enough, and then the town of Pondaire. He him as their lord, for the king of England. next came to a town of considerable size, called Beaumont en Lail- The earl then made a handsome retreat toward Bordeaux, having lois, which was a dependency on the count de Lisle. The earl was left in Auberoche a sufficient garrison, under the command of sir three days before it, and many vigorous attacks were made; for it Frank van Halle, sir Alain de Finefroide, and sir John Lendal. On was well provided with men-at-arms and artillery, who defended his road he came to Libourne, a fair and large town, twelve leagues themselves as long as they were able; at last it was taken, with from Bordeaux; to which he laid siege, and told those about him, mu'h slaughter on all those that wefre found in it. The earl of Derby that he would not quit it before he had got possession of it. The recruited his forces there with fiesh men-at-arms, and then advanced inhabitants consulted together; and considering well the good and toward the principal town of the inheritance of the count de Lisle, evil of being assaulted and vexed, they surrendered themselves to which was under the command of the Lord Philip de Dyon and the the earl of Derby, and did homage to him during the three days lord Arnold de Dyon. He invested it on all sides, and made his he remained there. The earl of Derby sent the earl of Pembroke to archers advance to the barriers, where they shot so well that none Bergerac, and left the lord Stafford, sir Steven de Courcy, and the durst appear to defend them; the English having won the barriers, lord Alexander de Haulfiel,t with their men, in Libourne. He him. and everything even to the gate, retired in the evening. On the self, accompanied by the earl of Oxford and sir Walter Manny, took next morning, they renewed the attack in different places at once, the road for Bordeaux, where they arrived. rmd gave those within so much to do, that they did not know which way to defend themselves. The inhabitants therefore requested two knights who were there to treat with the earl of Derby for a peace, C H A P T E R C V 1 that their fortunes might be saved. They sent before them a herald, COU who obtained a short truce, to see if any agreement could be entered TE T DE LISLE, LIEUTENANT FOR TE ING O FRNCE I into. The earl of Derby ordered his men to retire, and came him- GASCONY, LAYS SIEGE TO THE CASTLE OF AUBEROCHE. self, accompanied by the lord Stafford and sir Walter Manny, to the TnHE earl was joyfully received on his return to Bordeaux: the bars, to confer with the inhabitants. The earl at first would hear ceergy and inhabitants of the town came out to meet him, in a grand of nothing but unconditional submission: at last it was settled, that procession: they allowed him to take provisions,, and whatever else the town should put itself under the dependency of the king of Eng. he desired, according to his will and pleasure; and he and his army land, as duke of Guienne, and that twelve of the principal citizens continued in the town, amusing themselves with the citizens and should be sent to Bordeaux as hostages. The French knights and their wives. squires left the place with passports, and went to la Rbole. We will now return to the count de Lisle, whom we left in la Riole: as soon as he was informed that the earl, of Derby had returned to Bordeaux, and had taken up his residence there, he did ~~~~~CHAPTER CV. not think it probable he would undertake any more expeditions this season. He sentletters therefore to the earls of Perigord, of Car.'TIME EARL OF OXFORD IS TAKEN PRISONER IN GASCONY, BUT SET AT main, of Comminges, of Bruniguel, and to all the barons of Gascony LIBERTY BY EXCHANGE. that were in the French interest, to desire that they would collect as AFTER this conquest, and that the earl of Derby had left there many people as they could, and come with them properly armed, by men-at-arms and archers, he came before Bonneval,~ and made a an appointed time, to meet him at Auberoche, as he intended to violent attack upon it, in which many were killed and wounded., besiege it. They all obeyed his summons; for he was as a king in At last he took it, and showed mercy. After he had reinforced it these parts of Gascony. The knights who were in Auberoche were with men-at-arms, and another governor, he pushed forward, and, not aware of this, until they found themselves so closely besieged on entering the country of Perigord, passed by Bordelles,** but did not all sides that no one could go out of the garrison without being seen. attack it, as he saw it would be only pains thrown away. He still The French brought from Toulouse four large machines, which cast advanced, until ne came before Perigueux.tt There was in the town stones into the fortress night and day; and they made no other the earl of Perigord, the lord Roger de Perigord his brother, the lord assault; so that in six days' time they had demolished all the roofs of Duras, and fully six-score knights and squires of that country. of the towers, and none within the castle dared to venture out of the When the earl of Derby came there, he considered in what manner vaulted rooms on the ground floor. It was the intention of the army he might attack it most advantageously, for he saw it was very to kill all within the castle, if they would not surrender themselves strong. But, after having maturely weighed it, he thought it most unconditionally. prudent not to waste his.time: he therefore retreated two leagues, News was brought to the earl of Derby, that Auberoche was be. and took up his quarters upon the banks of a river, in order to attack sieged; but he did not imagine his friends were so hard pushed. the castle of Pelagrue.tt When sir Frank van Halle, sir Alain de Finefroide, and sir John Toward midnight, about two hundred lances, well mounted, sallied Lendal, who were thus besieged, saw how desperate their situation out of Perigueux: they rode so fast, that before daylight they came was, they asked their servants, if there were not one among them to the English camp, and falling upon it, killed and wounded many. who would, for a reward, undertake to deliver the letters they had They entered the tent of the earl of Oxford, whom they found arming written to the earl of Derby at Bordeaux. One from among them himself: he was immediately attacked and taken prisoner, as well stepped forward, and said, he would be the man who would cheeras three knights of his household, otherwise he would have been fully undertake the commission, not through lust of gain, but from slain. The Gascons finding they had awakened the whole army, his desire to deliver them from the peril they were in. The follow. wetired, and took their road to Perigueux. It was time for them to ing night the servant took the letters, sealed with their seals, and do so: and fortunately they found the gates of the barriers open; sewed them up in his clothes. He was let down into the ditches: for they were so closely pursued that they were thrown into con when he was at the bottom, he climbed up the opposite side, and took fusion: but the Gascons, as soon as they could rally themselves, his road through the army; for he could not avoid passing through - Langen-a town in Bavadois, upon the Garonne, about six leagues fromit. He was met by the first guard, but was not stopped, for he under Langen —atownm Bavadois. upon the Garonne, about six leagues omBordeaux. stood the Gascon language well, and named one of the lords of the t A town in Perigord, diocese of Sarlat.: Barnes calls him an English squire, T/imathy Lyon; but I see no authority for it. army, as if belonging to him; so he was suffered to pass on: but he ~ In Gascony, diocese of Comminge. was afterwards arrested, and detained under the tents of some other U Fronsac —upon the Dordogne, six leagues fi'om Bordeaux. lords, who brought him to the main watch. He was interrogated, ~ A village in the diocese ofAgen. ** Capital of Perigord. "t1 A villagein Bazadois, election of Condom.:: A town in the Condomois * A town in Perigord. s Ba.es makes hin Sir Alexander liussey. 68 ~ C H ItCHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN. &c. searched, and the letters found upon him, and guarded until morning, them to the trees, and allowed them to pasture, in expectation of the when the principals of the army assembled in the tent of the count arrival of the earl of Pembroke; they waited all that morning, and de Lisle, where the letters were iead. They were rejoiced to find until noon, in vain, not knowing what to do; fior they were but three that the garrison was so much straitened that they could not hold hundred lances and six hundred archers, and the Frellch were from out longer; and, seizing the servant, they hung the letters round his ten to twelve thousand men. They thought it would be cowardice neck, thrust him into one of the machines, and flung him into to suffer their friends to be lost, when they were so near them. A; Auberoche. The valet fell quite dead amid the other valets of the last sir Walter Manny said, "Gentlemen, let us who are now here castle, who were much terrified at it. mount our horses, skirt this wood, and advance until we come to their About this time, the earl of Perigord, his uncle sir Charles de Poi- camp; when we shall be close to it, we vill stick spurs into our tiers, the earl of Carmain, and the lord of Duras, mounting their horses, and, with loud shouts, fall upon them. It will be about their horses, rode as near to the walls of the castle as they could, and calling hour for supper; and we shall see them so much discomfited, that out to those within by tway of derision, said, " Gentlemen, inquire of they can never rally afain." The knights present replied, that the} your messenger where he found the earl of Derby, and whether he would all do as he had proposed. Each went to his horse, re-girthea is prepared to assist you, since your man was so eager to quit your him, and tightened his armor: they ordered their pages, servants and fortress, and has returned as quickly." Sir Frank van Halle replied, baggage, to remain where they were. "By my faith, gentlemen, if we be so closely confined in this place, They advanced in silence by the side of the wood until they came we will sally forth whenever it shall please God and the earl of Derby. to the other end, where the French army was encamped in a wide I wish to Heaven he were acquainted with our situation; for if he valley, near a small river: they then displayed their banners and were, the proudest of you all would be afraid of standing your ground; pennons, and sticking spurs into their horses, dashed into the rmidst and, if you will send any one to give him this information, one of us of the French and Gascon forces, who were quite confounded and will surrender himself to you, to be ransomed as becomes a gentle- unprepared for this attack, as they were busy about their suppers, man." The French answered, "Nay, nay, matters must not turn many having set down to table. The English were well prepared to out so: the earl of Derby, in proper time, shall be made acquainted act, and crying " Derby, Derby forever!" they cut down tents and with it; but not until our engines have battered your walls level with pavilions, and slew and wounded all that came in their way. The the ground, and you shall have surrendered yourselves to save your French did not know where to turn, so much were they surprised; lives." "That, for certain, will never happen," said sir Frank van Halle, and when they got into the plains, if there were any large body of for we will not surrender ourselves, should we all die upon the walls." them, the archers and cross-bowmen made such good use ru' their The French lords then rode on, and returned to their army. The weapons, that they were slain or dispersed. The count de Lisle was three English knights remained in Auberoche, quite confounded by taken, in his tent, badly wounded; the earl of Perigord in his pavilion, the force of these engines, which flung such quantities of stones, that and also sir Charles, his uncle; the lord of Duras was killed, and so in truth it seemed as if the thunder from heaven were battering the was sir Aymery de Poitiers; but his brother, the earl of Valentinois, walls of the castle. was made prisoner. Every one took to his heels as fast as he could but the earl of Coinminges, the earls of Carmain, Ville. mur, and Bruniguel, the lords de la Barde and de la Taride, with others, who were quartered on the op. ---- ---- *== == =posite side of the castle, displayed their banners, and having drawn up their men, marched for the plain:......._ = -~ the English, however, who had already defeated the._ g__ -_~___ - - largest body of the army, fell upon them most vigor.. - ------ - -- ~-~ — ____________ - ously. In this engagement, many gallant deeds of arms were performed, many captures made, and many rescues. As soon as sir Frank van Halle and sir Jo30hn Lendal, who were in Aubercche, heard the noise, and perceived the banners and pennons of their friends, they hastened to arm themselves, and all those that were with thern; when, mounting their horses, they ==___ —-_-_ sallied out of the fortress, made for the plain, and:?}~I- -_ -dashed into the thickest of the combat, to the great encouragement of the English. Why should I make a long story of it? All those carvig'who were of the count de Lisle's party were discornfited, and almost all taklen prisoners, orslain. Scarcely ~In I~'}, }~ in~~~~~ ~. ~~any would have escaped, if night had not closed so soon. Nine earls and viscounts were made prisoners, and so many barons, knights and squires, that there was not a man-at-arms among the English that had not for his share two or three. This battle befotre Auberoche was fought on the eve of St. Laurence's day, in the year 1314. The English treated their prisoners like friends: they received many upon their promises to surrender themselves by a certain day ~~~_.~_j_ _U~...=__-_._at Bordeaux, or Bergerac. The English retired into;ef -~5~ —~ tAuberoche; and the earl of Derby entertained at sup. per the greater part of the prisoners, earls, viscounts, barons, and knights. They gave thanks and praises The TREBUCHET, a machine for casting stones, engraved in rose's Military Antiquities. From an ivory to God, for having enabled them to overcome upward carving of the period. of ten thousand men, when they themselves were not more than one thousand, including every one, and to rescue the town of Auberoche, in which were their C tII A P T E R C V I I fr'/ends, that must have been captured in two days' time. On the THE EARL or DnaY MAKES vRE COUJ oF LILE AND NINE MORE COUNTS next morning, a little after sunrise, the earl of Pembroke arrived with AND VISCOUNTS PRISONERS, BnrFOR AUD oCHE. three hundred lances.and four thousand archers; he had been in. Ari the se speeches, the treatment of the messenger, the contents formed of the event of the battle as they came along, and said to tue of the letters, and the perilous situation of Aubeoche, were known earl of Derby, "Certainly, cousin, you have neither been courteous, to the earl of Derby, by means of a spy hle had in the French army. nor behaved honorably, to fight my enemies without waiting for me, The earl therefore sent orders to the earl of Pembroke in Bergerac, to seeing that you had sent fo me; and you might have been assured, meet him at an appointed place and hour; and also to the lord Stafford that nothing should have prevented my coming to you." The earl and sir Stephen Tombey, who were at Libourne. The earl of Derby replied, "Fair cousin, we were very anxious for your arrival, and we then, accompanied by sir Walter Manny and the forces he had with waited for you from the morning until vespers: when we saw no him, took the road toward Auberoche as secretly as possible; for he appearance of your coming, we dared not wait longer; for had our had guides who were acquainted with all the by-roads. They came enemies been informed of our arrival, they would have had the ad. to Libourne, where they staid a whole day for the earl of Pembroke; vantage over us; but now, thanks to God, we have conquered them, but hearing no ikdings of him, and being ilnpatient to succor their and we pray of you to help us in conducting them to Bordeaux." friends who were'so distressed, the earl of Derby, the earl of Oxford They remained that day and night in Auberoche: on the next day sir Walter Mann%., sir Richard Hastings, sir Stephen Tomboy, the early, they were armed and mounted, and set off, leaving there a lord Ferrers, and other knights, set out from Libourne: riding all G-ascon knight in their interest, as governor, named the lord Alex. night, they came on tlie morrow within two leagues of Auberoche. ander of Chaumont. They tools the road to Bordeaux, and carried They entered a wo.ai' ~'hen, alighting from their horses, they tied with them the greaterpart of their prisoners. CHItRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 69 C H APTER CVIIi. Sir Walter Manny went to relate this proposal to the earl of Derby, who acceded to it, upon condition that there should not in the mean rHE EARL OF DERBY TAKES DIFFERENT TOWNS IN GASCONY, IN HIS E EAR OF DERBY TAKES DIFFERENT TOWNS N GASCON, IN HI time be any repairs made to the fortifications of the town, and that, ROAD TOWARnD LA REOLE. if any of the English army should want provisions, they might be at THE earl of Derby and his army, upon their arrival at Bordeaux, liberty to purchase them. Upon this there were sent twelve of the were received with very great rejoicings: the inhabitants thought principal citizens as hostages, who were ordered to Bordeaux. The they never could enough testify their joy to the earl, and to sir Walter English refreshed themselves with provisions from the town, but Manny, for their enterprise; in which the count de Lisle and more none were suffered to enter it. They then continued their march,;han two hundred knights were made prisoners. The winter passed burning and destroying all the country as far as Aiguillon; the gov-.ve', without any action taking place in Gascony that is worthy of ernor of which place came out to meet the earl, and surrendered the being recordied. Easter, which may be reckoned the beginning of town and castle to him, on condition of their lives and fortunes being the year 1345, was about the middle of May, and the earl of Derby, spared, to the great astonishment of all the country, for it was one of wvho had tarried all the winter in Bordeaux, collected a very large body the strongest castles in the world, and almost impregnable. When of men-at-arms and archers, and declared he would make an expe- the squire, who had thus surrendered Aiguillon, came to Toulouse, dition to la Rbole, where the French had fixed their head-quarters. which is seventeen leagues distant, the townsmen arrested him on He went the first day from Bordeaux to Bergerac, where he found the suspicion of treason, and hung him. This castle is situated on the *xarl of Pembroke ready with his troops. These two noblemen, with point between two navigable rivers. The earl ordered it to be reIheir forces, remained for three days in Bergerac, and on the fourth victualled, and the fortifications repaired, in order to its being fit to departed. When they were got into the open country they halted receive him on his return, and that it might serve for a secure guard iheir men, counted them, and found that they had about a thousand to his other possessions. He gave the command of it to sir John de men-at-arms, and two thousand archers. They pushed forward, until Gombry.* He then came to a castle called Segart, which he took they came to a castle called St. Basile, to which they laid siege. Those by storm, and put all the foreign soldiers he found in it to death; within, considering that the principal barons of Gascony were pris- from thence he came to the town of La Rbole. oners, and that they had no expectations of receiving succors from any place, resolved to swear fealty to king Edward of England. The earl of Derby continued his route, and took the road toward Aiguillon*; but, before he arrived there, he came to the castle of Roche- C H A P T E R C I X. milon, which was well provided with soldiers and artillery; never- THE EARL OF DERBY LAYS SIEGE TO LA REOLE, WHICH SURRENDERS theless, the earl ordered it to be vigorously assaulted. As the English TO HIM. advanced to the attack, those within threw down upon them stones, WHEN the earl of Derby was arrived at la ole, he encompassed bars of iron, and pots full of hot lime; by which many were slain and i e al o er ws i t lai, e oevr wounded who adventured themselves too rashly. it closely all round, erecting towers in the plains, and near to every When tedew arl of Derby perceived that his men were laboring in road, that no provision of any kind could enter it. He caused it to vain, and getting themselves killed without any advantage, he sounded be assaulted almost every day. Tis siege took up much of the sum I~~~b Isale a los eery ady when thee timeha expie which thoe oMnseurmha a retreat: on the morrow, he ordered the peasants to bring great me; and, when the te had expired which those of Monsegur had qantities of brushwood, faggots, straw, and turf, and to throw them fixed for surrendering themselves, the earl of Derby sent thither, and all into the ditches of the castle, and plenty of earth wi them. he e inhabitants fthe town became liege men to the arl, who in all ng ~~~~~~~~~~the inhabitants of. the town became liege men to the earl, who in all a part of the ditch was so filled that one might get to the foot of these cases, was the representative of the king of England. Even t3 ~~~~sir Hug,,h de Bastefol served under the earl with the, men of Monse. the walls, he assembled three hundred archers, well armed, and in sir Huh de Bastefol served under the earl with the men of Monse battle array, and sent before them two hundred countrymen covered gur, for a certain salary, which he received from the said earl, for himself and his fellow-soldiers. The English, who were besieging with shields,t having large pick-axes and hooks: while these first himself and his fellow-oldiers The English, who wee besieging were employed in picking the walls, the archers made such good use la R6ole had lain before it more than nine weeks, and had con. structed two large towers of great beamns of wood, three stories high: of their bows, that no one dared to show himself on the battlements. structed two large towers of great beams of wood, three stories high: This lasted the greatest part of the day, when the pick-axe men made ec tower was plced on wheels, and covered over with prepared so large a breach in the walls, that ten men might enter abreast, leather, to shelter those within from fire and from the arrows: in The inhabitants of the town and castle were quite confounded; some each story were one hundred archers. These two towers, by dint fled toward the church, and others by a back way out of the town.. fled towanrd the church, and others by a back way out of the town, of men's force, were pushed close to the walls of the town; for, duThe fortress was immediately taken and pillaged; and all the garri- ring the time they were building, they had filled up the ditches, so son were put to death, excepting such as had taken refuge in the that these towers could easily pass over them. Those that were in hrch, whom the arl of Derby pardoned, for they had submitted to them began immediately to shoot so well and quick, that none dared his mercy. The earl placed in the castle a fresh garrison, under the to appear upon the battlements unless he were well armed, or had a to shield. Bpntebttlemen thness e toowers were posted, tor huard me command of two English captains, Richard Willes and Robert Scot; shield. Between these two towers were posted two hundred men and then he came before Monsegur,4 where he ordered his men to with pick-axes and bars, to make a breach in the walls; which they and~en ie amebefre Mnseur~ whre e orere hi me todid, and cast away the stones. The inhabitants seeing this, came prepare huts for themselves and horses: he continued before it fifteen did, and cast away the stones. The inhabitants seeing this, came days. upon the walls, and inquired for some of the chie/s of the army, to The governor of the town was sir HIugh de Bastefol, and there speak to them. The earl of Derby, being informed of it, sent thither never passed a day without some assault being made upon it. They sirWalter Manny and the lord Stafford, who found the townsmen sent for large machines fi~om Bordeaux and Bergerac; and the stones C sent for latrg~e machines fmom Bordeaux and Ber~gerac; and the stones willing to surrender the town, on condition of their lives and fortunes which they cast into the town destroyed roofs, tiles, and the princi- being spared. pal buildings. Tne earl of Derby sent every day to let them know, When the governor, sir Agos do Bans, a Provenqal, found that the that if they suffered the town to be stormed, every one would be put inhabitants wanted to surrender the town, he retired into the castle to the sword: but, if they would render obedience to the king of of la Roole, with his fellow-soldiers; and, while this treaty was goEnland, be would pardon them, awnd treat them like friends. The ing on, he had conveyed into it great quantities of wine and other 17ownsmii en would paerdonl haeisurrendetred;atd they liewrends. Tohe ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~poision. Ile then ordered the gates to be fastened, and said, he townsmen would cheerfully have surrendered; and they wen't to the provision. sIe then ordered the gates to be fastened, and said, he would never surrender in so shameful a manner. The two knights governor to consult him, and to sound his intentions, who answered would never surrender ino them by ordering them to the battlements, for that he had provision returned to the earl of Derby, and related to him that the townsmen of every sort in sufficiency to hold out for half a year, if it were ne- were desirous of surrendering upon the terms above named: the earl cessary. They left him in apparent good-humor; but about the time seat then back, to know what the governors intentions were re. of vespers they seized him. and closely confined him; assuring him specting the castle. They returned with the answer, that he had at the same time, he should never be set at liberty, if he did not as- shut himself up in the castle, and would not yield it. After a little tn shut himself up in the castle, and would not yield it. After a littie sist tliem to make some terms with the earl of Derby. When he had consideration, the earl said, Well, well, let us have compassion on sworn that he would do everything in his power, they let him go; the inhabitants: bymeans of the town, we shall soon gain the casn ent directly to the arris of the tow, and made signs that he Ie." The knights again went to the townsmen, and received their ne, went directly to the barricrs of the townr, and made signs that he ie t spe withthe earl of Der. Sir Water ann being submissions. They all came out to the plain, and presenting the present csanke to the governor, who said to him, Sir Walter M annyn, keys of the town to the earl, said, "Dear sir, from this day forward, we you ought not to be surprised if we shut our gates against you, for you ought not to be surprised f we shut our gates against you, for acknowledge ourselves as your loyal subjects, and place ourselves, in we have sworn fealty to the king of France: but not perceiving any every respect, under the obedience of the king of England." They C, by th~~~~every reaspc, under they wouldieneofth king any Engannd." asThey one coming from him to stop your career, and believing that you swore by their eads, that they would not in any manner, assist or sucor hos inthe castle, but on the contrary, distress them all i~n will still proceed further-for these reasons, in behalf of myself and succor those in the castle, but on the contary, distress them all in th inhbitants of this town, we wish you would allow us these their power. The earl forbade under pain of death, that any hur' terms, namely, that no hostilities be carried on against us for the should be done toward the ithabittnti of Ia Rhole. He then entered *pace of one month; and if in that time the king of France, or the it with his army, and surrounding the castle, erected all his machines duke of Normandy, come into this country in such force as to give against it; but they did little mischief, fior the castle was very high y and built of a hard stone, It was erected a long time since by the but if iieither of them come, we will then enter under the obedience Saracens, who laid the foundations so strong, and with such curious of the king of England." workmanship, that the buildings of our time cannot be compared to ~ A town of Guienne, situated at the confluence of the Lot and Garonne. t Pavisse, says Lord Berners, that is large shields or coverings of planks, which being * Barnes says, to the teal Johnlmloahray but 1 do not see upon what grounds. supported by some of the party, sheltered the others while at their work. —e. should rather imagine it was.ohin de.Sofe.tgornoiie, who was captain of Calais in the A town of Bazadois, election of Condom. near to Is ldole 21st of Edward Itt.. sad had other cisrgis of trust. '10 C 1 R O N 11 R ICLE;8 OF ENt LLAND,. F'RANC I, O'AI1N, &C it, When the earl found that his machines had no effect, he com. army, he ordered them to undermine the ditches of the castle, so thal manded them to desist; and, as he was not without miners in his they might pass under. This was not however soon done.' -- BitAciNe Towzz: Men-at-arms storming the walls; archers in the moat, shooting under crv er of their Pavisors. From an ancient carving of the period, engraved in Grose's Military Antiquities. ~H A P T ER CX. to king Philip the Fair, was besieging la Rbole, and had been ther; SIR WALTER MANNY FINDS IN LA REOLE THE SEPULCHRE OF HIS some time; for it appertained, as well as many other cities and FATHER. towns, to the king of England, the father of him who besieged Tour. WHILE they were lying before this castle, and miners only could nay; so that the lord of Manny on his return went to visit the ear be employed, sir Walter Manny was reminded of his father, who Charles of Valois, as William earl of Hainault had married the lord formerly had been murdered in his journey from St. James of Corn- Charles's daughter, and showed him his letters; for, in these parts, postella; and he had heard in his infancy, that he had been buried in he was as king of Frtance. It chanced, one night, as he was return. la Rbole, or in that neighborhood. He therefore made inquiries in ing to his lodgings, he was watched and waylaid by the kindred of the town, if there were no one who could inform him of the truth of him on whose account he had performed this pilgrimage, and was this matter, and offered a hundred crowns to whoever would conduct murdered at a small distance from the earl Charles's h6tel. No one him to the spot. This brought forward an old man, who said to sir knew positively who had done this deed; but the relations of the Walter Manny, "Certainly, sir, I think I can lead you to the place Gascon knight above mentioned were very strongly suspected: how. where your father was buried, or very near to it." Sir Walter re. ever, they were so powerful, that it was passed over, and excused; plied, "If you prove your words true, I will stick to my bargain and for none took the part of the lord of Manny. The earl of Valois even go beyond it." To explain this matter more clearly, you must had him buried immediately in a small chapel, which at that time know that there was formerly a bishop of Cambray, a Gascon, and of was without the walls of la Rbole; and, when the earl of Valois had the families of Buc and Mi:epoix; and, during the time of his hold conquered the town, this chapel was inclosed in it. The old man ing that see, a magnificent tournament was held at Cambray, where remembered all these circumstances perfectly well, for he had been there were upward of five hundied knights. A knight from Gas- present when the lord of Mailay was interred. When sir Waltet cony tilted with the lord of Manny, the father of sir Walter: the came to the spot, where his father had been formerly buried, with Gascon knight was so roughly handled and wottnded, that he never his aged conductor, he found there a small tomb of marble, which enjoyed his health afterwards but died. His death was laid to the his servants had erected over him; and the old man said, "Y.~u door of the lord of Manny, and the bishop and his kindred vowed re- may be perfectly assured, that your father was buried and lies under venge for it. Two or three years after, some good-hearted people this tomb.'" Sir Walter then caused the inscription, which was in endeavored to reconcile them; and peace wsas agreed to, on condi- Latin, to be read to him by a clerk, and found that the old man had tion tind by way of penance that the lord of Manny made a pil- told him the truth. Two days afterwards, he Aad the tomb opened, grimage to St. James of Cotupostella. took out the bones of his father, and, placing them in a coffin, sent Dutring the time of this journey, the earl Charles of Valois, brother them to Valenciennes, in the county of Hainault, where they were CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. D again buried in the church of the Frbres Mineurs, near the choir. night. On the morrow morning, a knight from Gascony came tr lie ordered masses to be said, and continued yearly, him, called sir Alexander de Chaumont, and said, "Sir, pretend re decamp with your army, leaving only a small detachment here before the town; and, from the knowledge I have of its inhabitants, I am C HAPTER CXI. sure they will sally forth to attack them Your men will aefend themselves as they retreat, and by placing an ambuscade under,hese THE EARL OF DERBY CONQUERS THE CASTLE OF LA REOLE olive trees, which as soon as they have passed, one part of your army THE earl of Derby was more than eleven weeks besieging the may fall upon their rear, and the other make for the town.? The castle of Ia Rbole: the miners, however, made such advances, that earl followed this advice, and ordered the earl of Oxford to remain they had got under one of the courts of the castle; but they could behind, with only one hundred men, giving him directions what he not undermine the donjon, for it was built on too hard a rock. The wished to have done. He then ordered all the baggage to be packed lord Agos de Bans, the governor, then told his companions they were up, and to march off, as if he were going to another place: after undermined, and in great danger, who were much alarmed at it, and having posted a strong ambuscade in the valley among the olives said, "Sir, you will be in equal peril with ourselves, if you cannot and vines, he rode on. Find some method of avoiding it. You are our captain, and we ought When the townsmen of Castel Moron perceived that the earl and.o obey you. In truth, we have defended ourselves honorably, and the greater part of his army were marching off, they said among no one can blame us if now we enter into a treaty. Will you, there- themselves, "Let us hasten to arm, and sally forth to combat this fore, talk with the earl of Derby, and know if he will accept of our handful of English that stay behind: we shall soon discomfit them, surrender, sparing our lives and fortunes, seeing that we cannot at and have them at our mercy, which will bring us great honor and present act otherwise?" Sir Agos went down from the great tower, profit." They all agreed to this proposal; and, hastening to arm and, putting his head out of a window, made signs that he wished to themselves, they sallied out for the fastest, and might amount to about speak with some one from the army. A few of the English came four hundred. As soon as the earl of Oxford and his party saw them near him, and asked what he wanted: he replied, that he would coming, they began to retreat, and the French to follow them with speak with the earl of Derby, or sir Walter Manny. When this great eagerness; they pursued them, until they had passed the am. was told the earl, he said to sir Walter Manny, and to lord Stafford, bush, when those posted there advanced upon them, calling out, " Let us go to the fortress, and see what the governor has to say to "Manny for ever!" for sir Walter commanded this ambuscade. One us:" they rode therefore up to it. When sir Ages perceived them, part of his detachment fell upon those that had come from the town, tie saluted each very respectfully, and said, " Gentlemen, you know and the other made for Castel Moron, where they came about mid. for fact that the king of France has sent mnie to this town and castle, night, and found the gates wide open; for the guards thought it was to defend them to the best of my abilities. You know in what their own people returning. The first comers therefore seized the manner I have acquitted myself, and also that I should wish to con. bridge, and were soon masters of the town; for the inhabitants that tinue it on: but one cannot always remain in the place that pleases had sallied out were surrounded on all sides, and either slain or made one best. I should therefore like to depart from hence, with my prisoners.. Those that had remained in the town surrendered them. companions, if it be agreeable to you; and that we may have your selves to the earl of Derby, who received them kindly, and, out of permission, if you will spare our lives and fortunes, we will surrender his nobleness of disposition, respited the town from being pillaged this castle up to you." The earl replied," Sir Ages, sir Ages, you and burnt. He made a present of it, and all its dependencies, to sir will not get off so: we know that you are very much distressed, and Alexande- de Chaumont, through whose advice he had gained it. that we can take you whenever we please; for your castle now only Sir Alexander made his brother, who was a squire, called Antony stands upon props: you must surrender yourselves up uncondition- de Chaumont, governor: and the earl of Derby left with him his ally, and so shall you be received." Sir Agos, answering, said, archers, and forty infantry armed with bucklers, in order to enable' Certainly, sir, if we should do so, I hold you of such honor and him the better to guard the town. The earl then came before Villegallantry, that you will show us every mark of favor, as you would franche, which he took by storm, as well as the castle. He made wish the king of France should do toward any of your knights; and, an English knight, sir Thomas Cook, governor of it. Thus did the please God, you will never stain your honor and nobility for a few earl of Derby march through every part of the country, without any poor soldiers, that are within here, who have gained their money one venturing out to prevent him. He conquered many different with great pain and trouble, and whom I brought with me from Pro- towns and castles; and his army gained so much riches, that it was vence, Savoy, and Dauphind: for know, that if the lowest of our men marvellous to think on. be not treated with mercy, as well as the highest, we will sell our lives in such a manner as none besieged ever did before. I therefore entreat of you to listen to me, and treat us like brother soldiers, that CHAPTER CXIII. we may feel ourselves obliged to you." The three knights withdrew to a little distance, and conversed a ThE EarL OF DErbY CONQUERS THE CITY OF aNGOULEME. long time together: when, considering the gallantry of sir Agos, that WHEN the earl of Derby gained Villefranche, he advanced toward he was a foreigner, and besides, that they could not undermine the Miraumont,* approaching nearer to Bordeaux; for, in all this expeo. donjon, they returned, and said to him, "Sir Agos, we shall be happy dition his light-horse, or scouts, had never come near to Port Sainte always to treat every stranger knight as a brother at arms; and if, Marie.t He was three days before Miraumont, and on the fourth it fair sir, you and yours wish to leave the castle, you must carry nothing surrendered. The earl gave the command of it to one of his squires, with you but your arms and horses." " Let it be so then," replied called John Briscoe: his army took afterwards a small fortified town sir Agos. Upon this he returned to his companions, and related upon the Garonne, called Tonniens,4 and the strong castle of Dams. what he had done: they immediately armed themselves, and capari. zan, which was well provided with men-at-arms and archers. He soned their horses, of which they had only six remaining. Some then came to the city of Angoul6me,j[ which he closely besieged, purchased horses of the English, who made them pay dearly for them. and declared he would not depart before it was in his possession. Thus sir Ages de Bans gave up the castle of la Rbole, of which the The townsmen hearing this entered into a treaty that their city English took possession; and he went to the city of Toulouse. should remain unhurt for one month; and twenty.-four of the princi.. pal inhabitants were sent to Bordeaux, as hostages: if during this time the king should send forces sufficient to make head against the earl of Derby, the hostages should be returned, and they be accounted. ~C~HA~P ~T E~R C X II. free to take which side thpvey pleased; but if otherwise, they woul.d THE EARL OF DERBY TAKES CASTEL MORON,* AND AFTERWARDS VILLE- put themselves under the ooedience of the king of England. FRANOHE,t IN rERIGORD. The earl of Derby continued to march, and came before Blayes', WHEN the earl of Derby had gained possession of the town and which he besieged on all sides. Two knights from Poitou were castle of la R6ole, where he had spent a long time, he pushed for- governors of it, named sir Guiscard de l'Angle,** and sir W;llianm ward, but left there an English knight, to see after the repairs, that de Roche-chouart, who declared they would never surrender tb any it might be put in a similar situation as when he had come before it. man. While the English were besieging Blayes, a detachment of: The earl advanced toward Monpouillant, which he instantly ordered them marched on to Mortaignett in Poitou, which was under theto be attacked the moment he arrived. There were in the castle command of the lord of Boucicault; and there was a sharp engagenone but the peasantry of the country, who had retired thither with ment, which ended in nothing, except leaving behind many of their their cattle, depending on the strength of the place; they. defended men dead and wounded. They returned, therefore, and came by themselves as long as they were able; but at last it was:taken by Mirabeau and Aulnay to the siege before Blayes, where almost everyc escalade, though it cost the earl dear, in the loss of many archers, day there was some gallant deed of arms performed. The term of and a young English gentleman called sir Richard Pennort,~ who the month being expired when the town of Angou1eme was to srbore the banner of the lord Stafford. The earl gave the command render, the earl sent his two marshals thither, to whom they swore. of the castle and its dependencies to a squire of his own, called homage and fealty, in the name of the king 6$C England: the city bye' Thomas Lancaster, and left him with twenty archers. The earl then came to Castel Moron, which he attacked; but, finding he could *La the diocese of Aea. tA town oaths Garoaae, near Aiguitlos mh Barnes and lord Berners call him Bristol. but t see no authority. not make any impression, he took up his quarters before it for that ~In the Agenois, diocese ofAgen. I The capital cf the Angoumois, ~An ancient town upon the Garonne. * A town of Bazadois, isear la Edole. * A towa of Bazadois. **See more of him, and sir Frank Van Halls, in the histories of the order of tla Ira' t A small town, not far from Bergerac ~ Penfbrd, according to Barnes.'V, and also of sir -Ienrv Earm. It Diocese of Roelsele. 730 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. this means enjoyed peace, and had their hostages returned to them; Jacob von Artaveld remained some little time longer with the king and the earl, at their request, made sir John Norwich* governor of of England, in order to be made acquainted with all his afiairs: hlie, it. The siege of Blayes was still continued, until the English began in return, promised and assured him that he would bring his couitry to be weary of it; for winter was approaching,, and as yet they had men over to his opinion; but he deceived himself, and did wrong in gained no advantage. They held a council, to consider if it would staying behind, and not being at Ghent at the time when the citizens not be better to retire to Bordeaux, and return in a more favorable who had been deputed by the corporations of the town arrived there: season. This was agreed to, and they decamped, passed the Ga- for as soon as they were returned, taking advantage of the absence ronne, and came to Bordeaux. Soon afterwards the earl divided hid of von Artaveld, they collected a large meeting of high and low in forces, and sent detachments to different garrisons, to keep order, the market-place, and there explained to them the subject of the late and spread more over the country. conferences at Sluys, and what the king of England had required of them, through the advice and information of Jacob von Artaveld. The whole assembly began to murmur against him; and this request CHAPTER CXIV. was received unfavorably by all. They said, "that if it pleased God, they never would be pointed out, or found so disloyal, as to disinherit sI GDFREY DE HAROURT BANISHED FRO FRANcE. their natural lord, in fatvor of a stranger." They then left the marABOUT this period, sir Godfirey de Harcourt incurred the anger of ke,-place much discontented, and angry with Artaveld. Now, see the king of France. He was a great baron in Normandy, brother to how unfortunately it fell out; for if he had gone to Ghent, instead of the earl of Harcourt, and lord of St. Sauveur le Vicomte, and'of Bruges and Ypres, and had remonstrated with them upon the quarrel many other towns in Normandy. This was occasioned through of the king of England, they would all have consented to his wishes, jealousy; for a little before he was so much in favor with the king as those of the two above-mentioned towns had done: but he trusted and duke, that he could do as he liked with either.t He was pub- so much to his prosperity and greatness, that he thought he could lcly banished from France; and, if the king's rage had not subsided, recover everything back in a little time. he would have been served as sir Olivier de Clisson and. the other When on his return he came to Ghent about midday, the townsknights who had been beheaded the preceding year in Paris. Sir men, who were informed of the hour he was expected, had assembled Godfrey, however, had some good friends, who gave him informa- in the street that he was to pass through; as soon as they saw him, tion privately how much the king was incensed against him. He they began to murmur, and put their heads close together, saying, quitted the kingdom as speedily as possible, and went to Brabant, "c Here comes one who is too much the master, and wants to order in where the duke John, his cousin, received him most joyfully. He Flanders according to his will and pleasure, which must not be lon. remained there a considerable time, and spent what revenue he had ger borne." With this they had also spread a rumor through the town, in Brabant; for in France he had nothing, as the king had seized all that Jacob von Artaveld had collected all the revenues of Flanders, his estates in Coutantin, and received the rents for his own use. for nine years and more; that he had usurped the government withThe knight could never regain the love of the king of France, not- out rendering an account, for he did not allow any of the rents to withstanding all the earnest entreaties of the duke of Brabant. pass to the earl of Flanders, but kept them securely to maintain his -This hatred cost dear to France, especially to the province of own state, and had, during the time above-mentioned, received all Normandy; for the traces of it appeared a hundred years afterwards, fines and forfeitures: of this great treasure he had sent part into Engas you will find by the following history.; land. This information inflamed those of Ghent with rage; antd, as he was riding up the streets, he perceived that there was something in agitation against him; for those who were wont to salute him very C HAP T ER CXV. respectfully, now turned their backs, and went into their houses. He'~JACOB VO DIS URDEED T GHNT.began therefore to suspect all was not as usual; and as soon as he AOBVON'Atl. TAVELD IS MURDERED AT GttENT. had dismounted, and entered his hbtel, he ordered the doors and win.JAcoB VON ARTAvELD, the citizen of Ghent that was so much dows to be shut and fastened. attached to the king of England, still maintained the same despotic Scacely had his servants done this, when the street which he in 1-3 ~~~~~~~~~~~Scarcely had his servants done this, when the street which lie in. lk- wer over all Flanders. He had promised "the king~of England, habited was filled from one end to the other with all sorts of people, tv-at he would give him the inheritance of Flanders; invest his son the eily by the lowest of mechanics. His mansion wassur. but especially by the lowest of' mechaniics. Ilsmninwsur };,nce of Wales with it, and make it a duchy instead of an earldom. rounded on every side, attacked and broen ino by force. Those rounded on every side, attacked and broken into by force. Those rpon which account the king was, at this period, about St. John the within did all they could to defend it, and killed and wounded many: Paptist's day, 1345, come to Sluys, with a numeious attendance of but at last they could not hold out against such vigorous attacks, for barons and knights. He had brought the prince of Wales with him parts of the townwere there. When Jacob von Ataved saw m)three parts of the town~were there. When Jacob von Artayeld saw in order that Jacob von Artaveld's promises might be realized. The what efforts were making, and how hardly he was pushed, he came to king remained on board his fleet in the harbor of Sluys, where he kept a window, and, with his head uncovered, began to use humbe and a window, and, with his head uncovered, began to use humbte and his court. His friends in Flanders came thither to see and visit him; fine language,saying, "My good people, what aileth you? Why are and there were many conferences between the king and Jacobvon you so enraged against me? by what means can I have incurred your Artaveld on one side, and the councils from the different capital towns displeasure? Tell me, I will conform myself entirelyto your wills." on the other, relative to the agreement before-mentioned; as to which, Those who had heard him made answer, as with one voice, " We.hose fr'om the country did not unite in sentiment with the king or hose from the country did not unite in sentiment with the king or want to have an account of the great treasures you have made away with von Artaveld, who kept continually reminding him of their with, without any title or reason." Artaveld replied in a soft tone, quarrel, and exhorting them to disinherit earl Lewis, their natural " Gentlemen, be assured that I have never taken anything from the lord, and his youngest son Lewis, in favor of the son of the king of treasures of Flanders; and if you will return quietly to yur homes, Englnd: ut tey dclaed tey nver oul conent o suh atreasures of Flanders; and if you will return quietly to your homes, England: but they declafred they never whouldi consent to suh and come here to-morrow morning, I will be provided to give so good thing. At the last conference, wh~ich was held in the harbor of an account of them, that you must reasonably be satisfied." But they Sluys, on board the king's ship, the Catherine (which was of such cried out, "No, no, we must have it directly, you shall not thus esan enormous size that wonders might be told of it,) they made this cape from us; for we know that you have emptied the treasury, and unanmou rely:11 earsir th reqestyouhav mae hs gvencape fr'om us; for we know that you have emptied the treasury, and unanimous reply: "Dear sir, the request you have made has given sent it into England, without our knowledge: you therefore shal sent it into England, without our knowledge: you therefore shall us much uneasiness, and may in times to come be prejudicial to suffer death." When he heard this, he clasped his hands together, Flanders and our successors. True it is, that there is not in the began to weep bitterly, and said, " Gentlemen, such as I am, you world any prince whom we love so much, or for whose profit and yourselves have made me: you formerly swore you would protect me advantage we would exert ourselves so greatly as for you: but we against all the world; and now, without ay reason, you want to alone cannot agree to this proposition, unless all the commonalties urder me. You are certainly masters to do it if you please; or ot lanersgiv thir onsnt.Theefoe ech f u wil rtur tomurder me. You are certainly masters to do it if you please; for I ot Flanders give their conset. Therre ech of us i return to am but one man against you all. Think better of it, for the love of our different towns, and will explain in a general way this business God: recollect former times, and consider how many favors and kind. to the inhabitants: when, if the greater part of them shall consent, nesses I have conferred upon you. You wish to give me a sorry we also will agree to it: we will return to you again within a month, recompense for all the generous deeds you have experienced at my and bring such answers as we hope will 1e satisfactory." Neither hands. You are not ignorant, that, when commerce was dead in this:the king of England nor Jacob von Artaveld could at that time oh- country, it was I who restored it. I afterwards governed you in so tain more or any other answer. They wished to have had a shorter peaceable a manner, that under my administration you had all things,day appointed, but in vain: so the king answered, he was satisfied according to your wishes; corn, oats, riches, and all sorts of mer.:hat it should be as they determined. The conference broke utip, and chndise which have mde you so ealthy. hey bean to bal,,eah rtured o te twn rom hene, e hd ben epued. chandise which have made you so w-ealthy."1 They began to bawl each retuned to the town from whenc he d been deputed out, " Come down, and do not preach to us from such a height; for a Summoned to parliament the 16th and 3i4th Edward Ill. —See Duoi)ALE. we will have an account and statement of the great treasures of Flahi]Sir Godfrey de Harcourt's disgrace was causedt by a qutrrel he had with the mart- ders, which you have governed too long without rendering anoy ac. -chat de Briquebec, on account of a marriage being broken. They fought. The king count; and it is not proper for an officer to receive the rents of a ordered the affair to be discussed in his parliament: bat Harcourt, instead of appearing, lord or of a country, without accounting for them." When Jacob i;besieged a castle belonging to the bishop of Bayeux, brother to the marlstal, entered intoe,:negotiations with the enemies of his country, and by his hatred to his king gained the von Artaveld saw that he could not appease or calm them, he shut the. favor of Edward. window, and intended getting out of his house the back way, to take Grands Chroniques de St. D)enis, a beautiful copy on veltum in the HIafod Librari. shelter in a church adjoining; but his hatel was already broke hub ~They had tarmed a part of the celebrated tibrary of Diane de Poitiers, at Anet. on that side, and upward of four hundred were there calling oat to ].Godfrey de Harcourt did homage to king Edward, as king of France, the 13th June, him. At last he was seized by them, and slain without mercy: hit;,; when Edward engaged, if hse could not recover for him his estates in Normandy, "' rgive him theirequivalent in England. —RyssEa ath-stroke was given him by a saddler, called Thomas Denys. It CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN,'&c. 73 this manner did Jacob von Artaveld end his days, who in his time C H A P TER CXVII. nad been complete master of Flanders. Poor men first raised him, SIR JOHN OF HAINAULT QUITS THE ALLIANCE OF ENGLAND FOR THAT and wicked men slew him. News of this event was' soon spread abroad; some pitied him, while others rejoiced at it. The earl Lewis O FRNE. had remained all this time at Dendremonde, and with much pleasure SooN after this, king Philip of France endeavored by a treaty, heard of Jacob von Artaveld's death, as he had very much opposed through the means of the earl of Blois, to persuade sir John of him in all his undertakings: nevertheless, he durst not yet place con- Hainault to take part with France. He promised to allow him the fidence in those of Flanders, nor return to Ghent. same subsidy which he received from England, and would assign it When the king of England, who was waiting at Sluys for the re- upon whatever lands his council might think best. But sir John was turnm of the deputies, was informed in what manner the inhabitants of not willing to comply; for he had spent the flower of his youth in CGhent had slain his faithful friend and companion Artaveld, he was fighting for England, and king Edward had always much loved and in a mnighty passion, and sore displeased. He immediately departed, esteemed him. When the earl of Blois, who had married his daughput to sea, and vowed vengeance against the Flemings and all Filnn- ter, and had three sons by her, Lewis, John and Guy, found that he ders, declaring that his death should be dearly paid for by them. The could not succeed in this business himself, he endeavored, by means councils of the principal towns guessed that the king of England of the lord of Faguinelles, who was the chief friend and adviser of would not be much enraged against them; they therefore considered sir John, to gain his point. In order to make him alter his opinion that their best method to soften his anger, would be to go and excuse of the English, they made him believe that they would not pay lim themselves from the murder of Jacob von Artaveld, especially those his subsidy for a considerable time. This put sir John so Iinuch out of Bruges, Ypres, Courtray, Oudenarde, and the franc of Bruges. of humor, that he renounced all treaties and agreements which he They sent to the king and his council for a safe conduct, that they had entered into with England. The king of France was no sooner mighit come over to make their excuses; and the king, whose anger informed of it, than he sent to him persons sufficiently authorized, was somewhat cooled, granted it to them. wh6 retained }lim, as well as his council, for France, at a certain The principal persons of all the chief towns in Flanders, except salary; and he recompensed him in his kingdom with a greater those of Ghent, came into England about Michaelmas. The king revenue than he derived from England. was at that time in Westminster, near London. They made very fair excuses, and swore most solemnly that " they were guiltless of the mnurder of von Artaveld, which, had they suspectedl, they would CHAPTER CEVIII. have guarded and defended him: that they were exceedingly vexed at his loss, and regretted it mostsincerely; for thiey knew how kind TH DUKE OF NORMANDY MARCHES WITII A GREAT ARMY INTO GAZ he had been to them, how useful he was in all their affairs, and that CONY AGAINST THE EARL OF DERRY. he had reigned and governed Flanders most wisely: that since those THE king of France having received information of the expeditions of Ghent had slain himt, they should nmake ample amends for it." of Ghent had slain him, th~ey should mlakie ample amends for it.",and conquests that the earl of Derby had made in Gascony, issued a They also explained to the king and his council, " that though Jacob special summons for all nobles, and others, that were pable of tD special summons for all nobles, and others, that were capable of von Artaveld was dead, he was not the less beloved, or less in the bearing arms, to assemble in the cities of Orleans and Bourges, and good graces of the Flemings, save and except in the investiture of in that neighborhood, by a certain day. In obedience to this suln. Flanders, which he wished to be taken from the earl, their natural monS, there came to Paris, Eudes duke of Burgundy, ant his son the lord, however he may be attached to tile French interest, and from earl of Artois and Boulogne; they presented themselves before the his son, their lawful heir, to give it to the prince of Wales; for the king with a thousand lances. Next came the duke of Bobon, the Flemings would not, on any account, listen to it. But, dear sir, you erl of Ponthie his brother; then the arl of Eu and of Guignes, earl of Ponthieu, his brother; then the earl of Eu and of Guig'nes, have a fine family of sons and daughters: the prince of Wales,your constable of France, each attended by a numerous body of men-ateldest son, cannot fail being a great prince, with an ample inherit- arms. t e o ancarville, the dauphine of Auvergre, the earls ance, without desiring that of Flanders: and you have also a young of Forte, Dammarl of Tia, endme; the lords of Coucy, of Crorl, o ance, ~ InofForfits, Dammartine, Vend~me; the lords of Coucy, of Craoll, of daughter; we have too a young lord, whom we are bringing up and Slly, of Fresnes, of Beaujen, of Roye, the bishop of BeauvaisE, the taking care of, that will be lord of Flanders: it perhaps may be, that lord John of Chalons, and nany others, assembled at Orleans: and a marriage could be brought about between them, so that the country those from tie west side of the Loire; those from tile easterl side of Flanders will in the end he possessed by one of your children." and beyond Poitou, Saintange, la Rochelle, Quercy, Linmousin, Au. These speeches softened very much the anger and ill-will of the king vergne, asseabled in the neigborhood of Toulouse. These all of England; and, in the end, both he and the Flemings were equally advanced towrd oege, where they foud get multit es cl. advanced toward Ronergue, where they fioun~d great multitudes col. satisfied with each other. Thus, by degrees, was the death of Jacob lected in the city of dez, and on the borders of Auvergne ad von Artavetd forgotten. ~~~~~lected in the city of Rhodez, and on the bordr o' Avrnand ~von~~ Artaveld forgotten. ~Provence. At last these lords were all assenabled, with their men, in and near Toulouse, for they were too great in numbers to be lodged in the city: they aimounted, in the whole, to ulpward of a hundred ~~CHAPTER CXVI~. ~thousand persons. This was the year of grace 1345. Soon after the feast of Christmas, the duke of Normandy, who was the com. WILLIAM EARL OF HAINAULT IS SLAIN IN FRIEZLAND, AND MANY mander-in-chief of this army, set out to join it, and ordered hlis marNOBLEMEN WVITII HIM. shals, the lord of Montmlorency and the lord of St. Venant, tu advance AT this time and season, William earl of Hainault was layin wit the van. They cgme first to the castle of irumnt, which the English had conquered in the suimmner, and most vigorously assiege to the town of Utrecht, and had been there for a long time, in nte ish had c ere ithe sum and most v or as order to recover some rights which lie claimed as belonging to him. He pressed the siege so closely by his vigorous assaults, that he defnce, under the command of John Biscof. brought it back to its duty, and obtained everything he wished for. ith the French were the lordeis of Sain, and a nume of Soon afterwards, in the same year, about the feast of St. Remy (Ist Genoese cross-bowmen, that spared none; those within could not of October,) the earl collected a large body of men-at-arms, knights thegselves against so superior a force, hut were taken anI and squires, from Hainault, Flanders, Brabant, Holland, Gueldres, the greter pat of them slain vn their captain. The marshals, and Juliers; and, embarking themn on board a considerable fleet atancmebfrVilrnlenthcotyfAeos.Tery and Juliers; and, embarking them on boardl a considerable fleet at having recruited their battalion with fresh men, advanced further, Dordrecht, made sail for Fniezland; for the earl considered himself and came before Vilefanche, in e county of Agenois. The rmy as lord thereof. If the Friezianders had been people to listen to the halted there, and surrounded it on all sides. Sir Thomas Cook, the legality and reasonableness of the clhim, the earl was entitled to it governor, was net there, but at Bordeaux, whither the earl of Derby hgdvernt-or, hims notthere, bthordeax whithin thde eavorlofs Deft-ee but, as they were obstinate, he exerted himself to obtain it by force had sent for h. ever, those within de a viglrous defence; band was slain, as well as a great many other knights and ut, in the end they were taken by storm, and the greater part of God have mercy on their souls ara ayohrkihs dsquires. the garrison put to the sword. The army then marched toward the God have mercy on their souls! ciyo!nolmlaigtetw n ateo ilfacesad Sir John of Hainault did not accompany his nephew, but went to city of Angoume, leaving the town an castle of Villefranche tananother part. On hearing of his nephew's death, he wanted to com- g undemolished, and withot any guard. Te city of ngo bat the Frielanders like one out of his senses; when his servants lame was closely besieged, and the governor of it for the king of found the state hlie was in, they took him and carried him on board a England was sir John Norwich. The earl of Derby, who was at Bordeaux, heard of the arrival of vessel, whether he would or no. Sir Robert de Glewes, who was his The earl of Dery, who was at ordeaux, heard of the aiv f i this great army fr'om France, and that they had already recaptured body squire, was most active in saving him. They returned in snall this grat army from France, and that they hd already ecptu numbers, and ii disorder, to Gertruydenberg in Holland, where the Miraumont, and Villefranche, which they had plundered and burnt, except the citadel. Having sent for four of his knights, in whom lie lady Jane his niece, the wife of the above-mentioned earl, was wait- except the citadel. aing sent for four of his nightsin wm e Ilgfor him. She was the eldest daughter of the due of Brabant, plcd much confidence, he ordered tlihem to take sixty men-at.arms and from that moment withdrew to the territory of Binch," which and three hundred archers, and set out for Villefiranche to gain pos. session of the castle, which was empty, and put it, as webl as the gates of the town, inlto good repair; if the French should come to and was governed by sir John of Hainault, until the lady Marg~aret, gates of them town into good repair; if the Fec should hnt come toei mother to earl Albert, came thither, and took possession of the hentage; to whom all the lords did homage and fealty. This lady Mar- assistance, let it cost what it would. These kniahts did according garet, countess of Hainault, was married to the lord Lewis of Bavaria, to their orders, andtheir uameswero sir Stephen Tomboysir Richard emp~eror of Rome and king of Germany. Heydon, sir Ralph Hastings, and sir Normant de Finefr'oide. The earl then requested the earl of Pembroke, sir Walter Manny, sir * Bincli, near Mni, iainsutaiaat. Frank van Halle, sir Thomas Cook, sir John Touchet, sir Richard 74 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. de Beauvais,* sir Philip Radcliff, sir Robert Neville, sir Thomas Bis- city; that his provisions were growing short, and that the earl ot ret, and many other knights and squires, that they would immediately Derby showed no signs of coming to his relief: having also per. set off to defend Aiguillon, for he should be very much displeased if ceived that the inhabitants were much inclined to the French, and he lost that town. They departed, in number about forty knights would have turned to them before, if they had dared: he began to and squires, and three hundred men-at-arms and archers. They got be suspicious of treason, and bethought how he could best save him. into the castle of Aiguillon, where they found about six score brother self and his companions. On the eve of the Purification, he came soldiers, whom the earl of Derby had left there. They laidin a suffi- on the battlements of the walls of the city alone, without having cient stock of meal, and all other sorts of provision. As the four mentioned to any one his intentions, and made signs with his cap first-mentioned knights were on their road to Villefranche, they col- that he wanted to speak with some one from the army. Those who lected a quantity of cattle, sheep, corn, and all other provision, which had noticed the signal came to know what he wanted: he said, " he they drove before them to Villefranche. They entered the castle, wished to speak with my lord the duke of Normandy, or with one of and repaired its walls, as well as those of the town, and were upward his marshals." They went to inform the duke of this, who came of fifteen hundred fighting men, well supplied with provision for six there, attended by some of his knights. As soon as sir John saw months. the duke, he pulled off his cap, and saluted him. The duke returned The duke of Normandy was a long time before Angoul6me; and, the salute, and said, "Sir John, how fares it with you? Are you when he found that hlie made no impression by his assaults, so well inclined to surrender yourself?" "I have no intentions to do that," was it defended, but lost many of his people every day, he ordered replied sir John; "but I could wish to entreat of you, in reverence them to cease from their attacks, and to take up their quarters nearer to the feast of our Lady, which is to-morrow, that you would grant the city. One day during this siege, the seneschal of Beaucaire us a truce for that day only, that neither of us may hurt the other, came to the duke, and said, "Sir, I am very well acquainted with but remain in peace." The duke said, " he was willing to consent all this country; and, if you will let me have six hundred men-at- to it." arms, I will make an excursion, in search of cattle and provision; Early the next morning, which was Candlemas day, sir John and for very shortly, if we remain here, we shall be in need of both." his companions armed themselves, and packed up all they had. This was very agreeable to the duke and his council; and on the They then ordered one of the gates to be opened, and issued forth; morrow morning, the seneschal took those knights and squires who which being perceived by the army, some part of it began to put were desirous of advancement. Among those who placed them- itself in motion: sir John, upon this, rode up to them, and said, selves under his command were the duke of Bourbon, his brother the " Gentlemen, gentlemen, beware that you do no harm to us; for we earl of Ponthieu, the earls of Tancarville, Forkts, the dauphine of have had a truce agreed on for this whole day, as you must know, Auvergne, the lords of Pons, of Partenay, of Coucy, of Daubigny, of by the duke of Normandy; and we shall not touch you. If you have Aussemont, of Beaujeau, sir Guiscard d'Angle, the lord of Saintre', not been informed of it, go and inquire; for we can, upon the faith and many others, to the amount of nine hundred lances. Toward of this truce, ride and go wherever we please." This information the evening they mounted their horses, and riding all night, came was brought to the duke, and he was asked what was to be done, about the dawn before a large town called Athenis,t which had but who replied, "Let them go, in God's name, whatever way they lately surrendered to the English. A spy came to the seneschal, and choose; for we cannot force them to stay. I will keep the promise informed him that in the town there were six score men-at-arms, I made them." Thus sir John Norwich passed through the whole Gascons and English, and three hundred archers, who would defend French army unhurt, and took the road to Aiguillon. When those themselves well, if they were attacked: "but," added the spy, "I who were in garrison there heard in what manner he had escaped have observed that their cattle are without the town; and in a and saved his men, they said he had acted very cunningly. The meadow underneath it are two hundred large beasts feeding." The inhabitants of Angou6ime held a council on Candlemas day, and seneschal then addressed himself to his companions, and said, " Gen- determined to surrender themselves to the duke: they sent persons tlemen, I think it most advisable that you should remain in this val- properly authorized to treat, who managed so well, that the duke ley: I will go, with sixty men, to collect the booty, which I will showed them mercy, and pardoned them. He entered the city and drive this way; and I am mistaken, if the English do not sally out, castle, where he received their homage, and appointed sir Anthony thinking to rescue them, which will throw them into your power." de Villiers governor, with a hundred soldiers to defend it. The This was executed; and the seneschal, accompanied by sixty com- duke afterwards decamped, and came before the castle of Damazan,* panions well mounted, rode through by-roads round the town, until which he laid siege to for fourteen days. There were continued he came to the fine meads, where the cattle were pasturing. He assaults; but at last it was taken, and'all within it, Gascons and then separated his companions, for them to collect the beasts to- English, put to the sword. The duke gave this castle and its depend. gether, and drive them under the walls of the town by a different encies to a squire, from Beausse, named the Borgne de Nully. He road. then came before Tonniens,t which is situated on the Garonne, and The watch on the walls and on the castle, seeing this, began to which he found well provided with Gascons and English. There make a great noise, and to sound the alarm to awaken their fellow- were many attacks and skirmishes; and he remained some time besoldiers and the townsmen; for, as it was very early, many were fore it. However, at last they surrendered, upon condition of pre. asleep: they immediately began to stir, and, saddling their horses, serving their lives and fortunes, and to be conducted in safety to assembled in the market-place. They came there as well armed as Bordeaux. When these foreigners had left it, the town entered unthey could, and left none in the town but servants. The English der obedience to the duke, who staid here with his whole army, and were very eager in the pursuit, to recover their cattle, crying out to on the banks of the Garonne, until after Easter, when he advanced the French, "You must not think to get off so." The seneschal toward Port St. Marie upon the same river. There were about two hastened the more, so that the English fell into the ambuscade, hundred English to defend the town and this passage, who had which attacked them; and, through the disorder they were in by strongly fortified it; but they, and all within, were taken by assault. their too great eagerness, in the space of an hour they were all over- The French, after they had repaired and reinforced it with men-atecome. Their captain, sir Stephen Lacy, was made prisoner, as well arms, set out and took the road toward Aiguillon. as those who, through a point of honor, were around him: the rest were slain. The French then made for the town, which they entered by storm; for there were none to defend it. The first battal- CHAPTER CXX. ion which entered was that of the duke of Bourbon. These lords took possession of it; and, having placed a new garrison and gov- TH DUE OF NORANDY LSE TOGUILLO WITH A H ED ernor, they set out with all their booty and prisoners, and returned TOA eN the next day to the army before Angou16me. Notwithstanding there THE noblemen of France, under the command of the duke of were many greater lords in this expedition than the seneschal of Normandy, pushed on until they came before the castle of Aiguillon, Beaucaire, he had all the honor and glory of it. when they encamped and divided their forces in the extensive and'handsome meadows on the banks of the river Garonne, which is navigable for great vessels. Each lord was posted with his own CHAPTE R CXIX. people, and every company by itself, according to the orders of the marshals of the army. This siege continued until the beginning of IX1 JuRN NORWICH ESCAPES FROM ANGOULEME, WHEN THAT TOWN October; and there were upward of one hundred thousand men in SURRENDERS TO THE FRENCH. arms, including cavalry and infantry. Those within were obliged to TiE lords of France remained for a very considerable time before defend themselves against this army two or three times every day, Angoul6me. The French overran all the country which had been and most commonly from noon until eve without ceasing; for there conquered by the English: they created much trouble, and, when- were continually pouring upon them fresh forces, Genoese or others, ever they found a fit opportunity, brougl' to their camp many pris- who gave them no repose. The chiefs of the French ar'my found oners and much pillage: the two brothers of Bourbon acquired great they could never attack, with advantage, the fortress, unless they praise from all, as they were the foremost in every excursion. When passed the river, which was wide and deep: the duke therefore sir John Norwich, the governor of Angouisme, found that the duke ordered a bridge to be constructed, that they might cross it: ehree of Normandy would not break up the siege until he had gained the hundred worlumen were employed at' this bridge, who worked day and night. As soon as the knights who were in Aiguillon perceived * Bayeux.-BAENES. that this bridge was nearly finished, and that one half of it was com. tMr. Barnes makes it Oqncenis; but that is too ftaroff; and he quotes Du Cfcsume, pleted, they prepared three vessels, in which they embarked, and, page R3. In my opinion, it must be St. Jean d'.ngely, as that is in iSaintonge, and not too far distant for this excursion. * A town in Gaecony, in the election of Condom. t Diocese o! Agen. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 75 driving away the workmen and guards, iastantly destroyed what had besieged let off four martinets, which they had newly constructed, to taken so much time to make. The lords of France, seeing this, got defend themselves against these towers. These four martinets cast ready other vessels to attack them, in which they placed a number such large stones, and so very rapidly, that the men-at-arms in the of men.-at-arms, Genoese cross-bowmen and infantry, and ordered the towers were much hurt by them: and, having no means to shield workmen to continue their works, under the support of these guards. themselves, they returned back as fast as they were able; but in their When these workmen were thus employed, sir Walter Manny, and retreat one of the vessels foundered and sunk: the greater number some of his companions, embarked about noon, and, dashing upon of those that were on board were drowned, which was a great pity, them, made them quit their work and run off: he soon destroyed all as they were chiefly valiant knights who were eager to distinguish that they had done. This kind of skirmish was continued daily; themselves. When the duke found that this scheme did not answer but at last the French sent such large detachments to guard the work- his expectations, he ordered them to disembark from the three men, that the bridge was completed in a gohd and strong manner. remaining vessels. He was at a loss what plan to follow, by which he The army then passed over it in order of battle, and attacked the could gain the castle ofAiguillon; for he had vowed he would nevey castle for the space of one whole day, but did no harm; and, in the quit the place until he was master of it and the garrison, unless the evening, they retreated to' their camp, where they were plentifully king, his father, ordered otherwise. The lords therefore advised him supplied with everything, to send the constable of France and the earl of Tancarville to Paris, Those within the castle repaired what damage had been done, for to inform king Philip of the state of the siege, and to know if' the they. had plenty of workmen. On the morrow, the French resolved king wished the duke of Normandy to continue before Aiguillon, to divide their army into four divisions; the first of which should until he had, through famine, made himself master of it, since he make an attack on this fortress firom the dawn,until about nine could not gain it by force. o'clock; the second from that time until noon; the third from noon The king of England, having heard how much pressed his people till fiur o'clock; and the fourth division from that time till night. were in the castle of Aiguillon, determined to lead a great army into This mode of attack was continued for six successive days. How- Gascony. He set about making his preparations, summoned all the ever, those within the castle were never so much harassed but that vassals in his kingdom, and collected forces from whatever quarter they could defend themselves valiantly; and their enemies gained he could, that were willing to enter into his pay. About this time nothing but the bridge, which was before the castle. The French sir Godfirey de Harcourt, who had been banished from France, lords, upon this, held a council, and sent to Toulouse for eight of arrived in England. He was received by the king in his palace; their largest battering engines, and constructed four other large ones and he assigned over to him a handsome estate in England, to mlainupon the spot. These twelve engines cast stones into the fortress tain him, suitable to his rank. Soon after this, the king assembleda day and night; but the besieged had taken such pains to avoid what large fleet of ships at Southampton, and sent thither his men-at-arms mischief they could do, that they only destroyed the roofs of the and his archers.t About St. John the Baptist's day, 1346, the king houses: they had also made counter-engines, which played upon took leave of the queen, and, setting out, left her to the care of his those of their enemies, and!n a short space of time totally ruined six cousin, the earl of Kent. He appointed the lord Percy, and the lord of them. Neville of Ruby, the archbishop of York, the bishop of Durham, and During this siege, sir Walter Manny made frequent excursions the bishop of Lincoln, to be his lieutenants for the northern parts of beyond the river, with about six score companions, to forage, and his kingdom; and he did not take so many forces out of the realm often returned with his booty in sight of the army. One day the but that there was a sufficiency of men-at-arms left to defend it, lord Charles of Montmorency had been on a foraging party, with five should there be occasion. He took the road to Southampton, where or six hundred men, and was conducting a great number of cattle to he tai'ied until he had a favorable wind, when he embarked with victual the army, when he met sir Walter Manny under the walls of his whole army. On board the king's ship, were the prince of Wales Aiguillon. They immediately began an engagement, which was and sir Godfrey de Harcourt: the other lords, earls, and barons emvery sharp; and many were killed and wounded on both sides. The barked with their men, as they had been ordered. There might be French were at least five to one. News was brought of this into about four thousand men-at-arms, and ten thousand archers, not Aiguillon, when every one sallied out for the fastest, and the earl of including the Irish and the Welch, who followed the army on foot. Pembroke with the foremost: they dashed into the midst of them, I will enumerate the names of those lords that accompanied king and found sir Walter Manny unhorsed, and surrounded by his ene- Edward. I must mention first the prince of Wales, who at that time mies, but fighting most -aliantly. He was directly rescued and was only thirteents years old, or thereabouts: there were Huimphry remounted. During the heat of'the engagement, the French Bohun earl of Hereford and Essex, his brother William Bohun earl hastened to drive off the cattle to a place of safety, or they would of Northampton, Thomas Beauchamp earl of Warwick, Richard have lost them; for the English were coming in crowds to succor Fitzalan earl of Arundel, John Vere earl of Oxford, William Clinton their countrymen, and, falling upon the French vigorously, they put earl of Huntington, Robert Hufford earl of Suffolk: of barons, there them to flight, rescued those they had made prisoners, and captured were the young lord Roger Mortimer, the lord Gerard Lisle, and his also many from them. The lord Charles de Montmorency had great kinsman the lord John Lisle, the lord Reginald Cobhliam, the lor&s difficulty to escape, and retreated as fast as he could, quite discom- John and Roger Beauchamp, and the lord John Mowbray, the lord fited. When it was over, the English returned to Aiguillon. William Roes of Hamlake, the lord Thomas Lucy of Cockermouth, Such skirmishes frequently happened, for scarcely a day passed the lord William Felton, the lord Thomas Bradestan, the lord Ralph without some engagement. The French having one day drawn out Basset of Sapcoat, John lord Willoughby of Eresby, the lord Peter their army, ordered those noblemen that were fi'om Toulouse, Car'- Manly fifth of the name, Thomas lord Ughtred, John lord Fitzwalter, cassonne, and Beaucaire, and their dependencies, to make an attack Williamin lord Kerdeston, the lord Roger Say, the lord Almaric de with their men, from the morning until noon; and those from Rou- St. Amand, the lord Robert Bourchier, the lord John le Strange, the ergue, Cahors, and Agenois, to continue it from their retreat until lord Edward Montagu, the lord Richard Talbot, the lord John Mohun the evening. The duke promised to any of his soldiers who should of Dunster, William lord Boteler of Wemme, Robert lord Ferrers, lain the draw-bridge of the castle, a reward of a hundred golden John lord Seymour, John lord Grey, William lord Botreaux, the lord rrowns.? The duke, in order to assist this attack, commnianded a Hugh Spencer, the lord John Striveling, Michael lord Poynings number of vessels and barges to come down the river, in which Robert lord Morley, Thomas lord Ashley, John lord Sutton, the lord many embarked to cross it, while the remainder passed over the Nicholas Cantilupe, and others; of knights-bachelors, sir John bridge. Those in the castle made a gallant defemce; but at last, Chandos, the lord Peter Audley, and the lord James Audley, the lord some of the French got into a small bhat, and, passing under the Bartholomew Burgherstjunior, the lord Thomas Holland, the lord Fulk bridgqe, fastened strong hooks and chains to the draw-bridgrre, with Fitzwarren, sir Richard Pernbridge, and several others. There were which they pulled so lustily, that they broke the iron chains which few strangers: only sir Oulphart de Guistelles, from the country of held the bridge, and forced it down. Ilninault, and five or six knights from Germany, whose names I have The French, so eager were they to gain the promised reward, forgotten. leaped upon the bridge in such haste that they tumbled oer each When they embarked, the weather was as favorable as the king other. The besieged flunig down upoim them stones, hot lime, large commId wish, to carry him to Gascony; but on the third day, the wind beams, and boiling water, so th:at mmasy were hurt, and drowned in vwas so. contrary, tltat they were driven upon the coasts of Cornwall the ditches. The bridge, however, was taken, though it cost them wherethey cast anchor, and remained for six days and six nights tmnre than it was worth: but they could not gain the gate: therefore, During this time, the king altered his mind withl respect to going to as it was late, they returned to their camp, for they had need of rest; ward Gascony, through the advice and representations of sir Godfrey and those within the castle sallied out, and repaired the bridge, de Harcourt, who convinced him that it, aould be mpre fir his inte making it stronger than ever. rest to land in Normandy, by such words. as these: "Sir, that pro On the next day, two principal engineers canme to the duke, asid said, If he would find them wood and workmen, they would build * Du Cango, supplement, under the word.larmtinethms, calls it an instrument oe war for s fonr sue hiaga wers, a, whs they were advanced to the and qootes this passage for his authority, but does not explain it fimrther. walls of the castle, should overtop them. The dumke commaanded all dss'anml appaimmim miS son, Lionel, liestemmnt of the realm, dunimrl Imis aimemce, hyar ordimamnce miated Porchester, 5th June, i:1i43. —IvMmR. the carpenters of thle country to be sent for, and haamdsomely paid. He was at Porcniester the 1st and 2nd of July, 13.16. —RY.r~n. These four towers were.constructed, and placed on the decks oi John de Ofl'rd, chamncellor, delivered up the great seal to Johi do Thoreshy, the2na four large vessels; ibut they took a long timaie in makiing, and cost Jolt, im time tsteofWirmmt. mitch money. Those ordered upon this ttack esbarked on board Timin is a umistake fbr le was born the 15th June, 130: he must therefore have been. Those ordered ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ upntiatakebrdonordsxteen. the vessels, and, when they were about half way over the river, the I have copied the names out of Barnes's Life of Edward III., where;n lie mentinil _______ ----- ____________________________________________________ - that twenty'-two of them, from lord Ughitred, are taken from an old MS in C. C. C ~ 6s. 8d. each.-Ban.sis. uibrary, Cambridge, intituled, "Acts Edwardi filii, Edwardi tertii. 76:CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. vince is one of the most fertile in the world; and I Will answer on called Cherbourg,* which they burnt and pillaged in part; but they my head, that you may land in any part of it you shall please without could not conquer the castle, as it was too strong, and weli garnrhindrance, for no one will think of opposing you. The Normans soned with minen-at-arms; they therefore passed on, and came before have not been accustomed to the use of arms; and all the knight- Montbourg, near Valognes, which they pillaged, and then set fire hood, that otherwise would have been there, are at present with the to it. In this manner did they plunder and burn a gre:t manay towns duke before Aiguillon. You will find in Normandy rich towns and in that country: and acquired so nmuch riches that it w.iull have handsome castles, without any means of defence, and your people been difficult to have counted their w-ealth. They fteirr n ns rhcd will gain wealth enough to suffice them for twenty years to come. to a very considerable town, and well inclosed, called Carentani,' Your fleet may also follow you, up the river Orne, as far as Caen. which had a strong castle, garrisoned by a number of soldiers.'Those I therefore entreat you will listen, and give belief to what I say." lords that were on board the fleet then disenmbarl;ed with their peoe. The king, who at that time was in the flower of his youth, and who pie, and made a vigorous attack upon it; which, when thie townr:ien desired nothing better than to combat his enemies, paid much atten- perceived, they were fearful of li.sing their own lives, as w.ll1 as tion to what sir Godfirey de Ilarcourt, wholm he called cousin, bad those of their wives and children,,red opened the g:tes t.: tih i.r in said. He comnmanded his sailors to steei straight for Normandy, and spite of the men-ati-armns,and cldie:a thmt were within t thiwit. ordered the flag of the admiral, the earl of Warwick, to be hoisted They voluntarily offered the English a'll they had, thinli ii it best on board his ship; he took the lead, as admiral of the fleet, and for their advantage. T'he men-atarinls, finding the inhabitants determade for Normandy, with a very favorable wind. The fleet anchored mined to admit the English, retired into the fortr ess, *which wax very near to the shores of Coutantin, and thile king landed at a port strong; and the English entered the town; but, not thinking' it right called La Hogue St. Vast. News of his arrival was soon spread to leave so strong a place behiid them, for two successive d'eys they abroad: it was told all over the country, that the English had landmed kept up a strong assault against the castle. Those within, not hearwith a very great army. Messengers were instantly dispatched to ing of any assistance coming to them, surrendered, oen Cordition Paris, to the king, from the towns of Coutantin. He had already of their lives and fortunes being spared. They marchld out, aind ocen informed, that the king of England had embarked a numerous withdrew to another part of the country. The Engoli:,h did wvha, army, and was on the coasts of Normandy and Brittaniy; but he was they pleased in the town anid castle; but, finding that they could not not sure for what particular part. he intended to make. As soon, conveniently keep them, they burnt and destroyed both, ad forced therefore, as he heard the English had landed, he sent for his con- the inhabitants to embark on board their fleet, and go with them, as stable, the earl of Guignes, and the earl of Tancarville, who were they had done to those of Barfleur, Cherbourg, Montebourg, and all.ust come from Aiguillon, and ordered them to set off directly for the ether townrs which they had plundered on the sea-coast. Caen, to defend that place and the neighborhood against the English. We will now return to the expedition of the king of England. As They replied, they would cheerfully do it, to the utmost of' their soon as he had sent part of his army, under the command of the power, and left the king at Paris, taking with them a nuniber of earl of Warwick, one of his marshals, and the lord Reginald Cobmen-at-arms, whose ranks were every day increasing, and rode oni to ham, along the sea-coast, as you have heard, he set t fiomim La Caen, where they were received most joyfully by the inhabitantsand Hogue, where he was lodged, under the guidance of sir Godfiey do the good people of the country, who had retired thither, wi th teir Harcourt, who was well acquainted with every part of' Normandy. effects. These lords immnediately made inquiries into the state of the Sir Godfirey, as nmarshal, advanced before the king, with thle vantown, which at that time was not walled, and ordered arms to be guard of five hundred armed men and two thousand archers, and prepared, to supply every one with them according to his degree. rode on for six or seven leagues' distance fiom the main arnmi, burn. We will now return to the king of England, who had landed at la ing and destroying the country. They found it rich and plentifiid, Hogue St. Vast, not far from St. Sauveur le Vicomte,t the inherit- abounding in all things: the barns full of every sort of corn, and ance of sir Godfrey de I-Iarcourt, who at that time was a partisan of the houses with riches: the inhabitants at their ease, having cars, England.t carts, horses, swine, sheep, and everything in abundance which the country afforded. They seized whatever they chose of all these good ~~~~CHAPTER ~ CX I. ~things, and brought them to the king's ammy; but tihe soldiers did not give any account to their officers or to those appointed by the?fBE KIN[ OF BNGLAND MARCHES INTO NORMANDY WITH HIS ARMY IN king, of the gold and silver they tookl, which they kept to thiernselves THREE BATTALIONS. In this manner did sir Godfirey, every day, proceed to the left of tIhe WHEN the fleet of England was all safely arrived at La Hogue, the king's army; and each night retumned, with his pasty to the plice kinga leaped on shore first; but by accident he fell, anid wvita such where Ihe knew the king intended fixing his quarters. Somietimes, violence that the blood gushed out of his nose: the knights that whlen he found great plenty of forage and booty,-he was two or tlhrce were near him said, "Dear sir, let us entreat you to return to your days before he returned. The king, therefore, with his armv and ship, said, n o t think sfningt-, lerthi us enrat yu nt rturtnate, were near o your ~~~~~~~~baggage, advanced toward St. Lo,t in Coutantin; but, beoilre he ship, and not think of landing to-day, for this is an umifortumate baggage, advanced texvard St. Lot in Comitantims, but befome he omen." The king instantly replied, "For why? I look upon it as arrived there, he took up his quarters on the ianks f' the riv, to very favorable, and a sign that the land is desirous of ame." wait for the return of that part of his army which lie hid selat along the sea-coast. When they were come back, with all thleir booty his people xere much pleased with this answer. The king and tha -cmt When they ere come k it ll t bty satfely packed in wagons, the earl of Wariwick, the earl of' Stiff lk, his army Lay that aighlt upon the sands. Ia the mean tine, taey dis- smfely 1acked in wagons, tIme earl of Warwick, thu ml of I ff 1k, ebarlked their baggage, armor, and horses; and there was a council the lord Thoias aHollamd, and tie iord Rgimaad C illsii toIt their mrhwihtheilrd bTtoas:liond, oid the oridt bRegingl "liat.., thei held, to consider how they could act most advantageously. The march, with their battalion, on the right, burnin anm dtimtroyui, the king created two nrarshals of his army: one was sir Godlfrey de -Har- country in the same way that sir Godfi'ey de I-Iarcourt xas ding. curtmm tilt other thae earl of VWarwick: and he ni;mde tse earl of The king marched, with the main body, between these two battalioisa; Arundel his constablae. HIe ordered the earl of Huntington to remain and every night they encamped together. withi his let, l itli ii hiundred or six score men-at-ermnis, iand four huntdred archers. file then sheld another council respectiing the order of miarch, and determined to divide the army into three batt:mlions; C H A P T E R C X X II. omie of which shou!ld advance on his right, followinmg the sea-coast, TE iN O FRNCE COLLECTS AR FOi T O E:1 ~~~~~~THE KING OF FRANCE COLLECTS A LARGE FORCE, TO OPPOSE T13F, anml anothier on his left; iand he himself, with the prince his son, and RING OF ENiOmAnD. the main body, in the centre. Every night, the marshal's battalion was to retire to the quarters of thie king. They thus began their Ts, wile the Englis wer burn i dti TfNrnands,whl the kEnglish werane wurin not idle.trbi: Iv m'csti-prte niarch, as they had resolved upon: those who were on loard the fleet of Nor dy, te g of ranc s nt idle at d i ois summonsdto the lordJoh o f Fraincwasult, widec tt had i~c w.~ith coasted the shores, and toolt every vessel, great and small, they niet i sios to te r Jh of Hiaul xo ie i l il t, a~~~~~i poerulcmpany tof kuth lordhn of Hainsuit, wh an(!ek t.> hit,. with with. Both the armies of sea artd land went forward, until they p rful company of iht fom H lt an mre: e alsn toweeyearfl bconpanydo knights tionHaint wnder~e,;: lwe camne to a strong town, called Barfleur,~ which they soonr gained; lso sent to eey arl, bro ad kigt t were ii t alsom Thent tobeery edaris barno n auch knight tat werae hade~dnt, tlhe inhabitanits havimig surrendered immediately, for fear of losing hi. Teobeyed is smons i uia as c id hi.To e o beed yhis; summonse in suchreigne as Ftranes- had their lives: but tihat did not prevent the town from being pillaged not see r aunled yea; bt as hse in coties re not~~~~~~~~~- senf. ~hnrdyar;bt thoe l~in oe onrie wr and robbed of goldt, silver, and everything precious that cuild be at great diancs tey ee g efe they iv the ig'n ~~~~~of England had overrun and destroyed the -whole district of'Cotutanfound thereim. There xas so much wealts, that the boys of the of EingNland had overrun and destroyed tile whole uhtatmict of Cummtnmmiarmy set no value one gowns trimmed with fiar. They made all the ti in Nomudy, to its at dtriet. When kingPip firsthardy tof itshea destrucionmeki, OEnt. townsmen quit the place, and embarked them on board the fleet; e ing Php fit heard of the estcton te L of I-1 lahnd wa king Pini fist realmd othe dN1estructio the k11ring hof Fag for they did not choose that, after they had continued their miarch, iad as a is realm, he s re tt te l ehi they should collect togethler, timid ittaick thems. mnever return without his having combated with therma; andm, thiat the After the town of Barfloumr had beem pillaged, bhut not burnt, tley mmsclsef tiey had deie to his meohle alseuld be denily paiI frmlie mischief they had done to his people should be dearly paid for. I-e spread thienselvos over tie ommiliny, mrair the sea-oaest, where tley hastened therefore, to dispatch his letters: he sent firht tim his poyd did whvte'er they pleased, for there were none to oppose them. friends in the empire, because they xvere at tme greatesrismasmee, They edvmmced until ~lsey eannle to a comsiderab.e amd xemulthy ten amd so to tle gallant kivig of Bohemia, whom he much loned, and ________ ______ to the lord Charles of Bolhemia his son, who had then the title of * Cmmmtustin-an ditnict of Nmormamidy, of whicl Coumiimsceu is ut.e capital town, kimg of Germany, which he had obtained, as was xvell known, Diocese if Ceitmumicem. througi h the influence of his father and the king of Francne, and lie timn the uing's landing at La Heogue, lie creutedl tne prince of Wales a kisght, ammd, m conseqruence, doemimamed the usual aid on such occasions, dateil Calais, the Nativity * Diocese of' Coutances.,f our lauly, lt~in. —tRvI:R. 1' About three leagues from the sea, diocese of Cumoutnaces. ~ DfLise of CoutalmCsi. f Diocrse of Ceoutancas. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 77 had already quartered the arms of the empire. King Philip entreated sir Robert de B!argny was governor, with a garrison of three hundred of them to come speedily to his assistance, for he was inpatient to Genoese. meet the English, who w re despoiling his kingdom. These lord- In the heart of the town was the earl of Eu and of Guignes, thile had no intention of excusing themselves, but set about collecting a constable of France, and the earl of Tancarville, with a crowd of large body of men-at-arms, from Germany, Bohemia, and Luxem- men-at-arms. The king rode on very prudently; and, having uniLed his bourg, and came to the king of France with a powerful army. The three battalions, he took up his quarters, for that night, in the fields, king of France wrote also to the duke of Lorraine, who came to two short leagues from Caen, near a town called Estreham,* where serve him with upward of three hundred lances. The earl of there is a haven. He ordered the earl of Huntington, whom he had made admiral of his fleet, to sail for that place. The con. stable of France, and the other lords who were asrembled in Caen, watched it well that night; and, on the morrow, they armed themselves, and ________ Ah —._____ earl of rltall the inhabitants. After they were drawn out, the consta ble the oarsalsonhe ight and left, adh n f noeand the earl of Tancarvilie Wale I in the centre. They advanced by shordered that no one should day thy.ncamped lbetween teave the town, but should ttle /on tryguard well the bridge, thfe seek for forage, except willed of which was a rgates, and the river. Th ey gave up the suburbs to thle English, because they were to SERVO them.:knightss not inclosed; and they thought they should find sufficient erni. ployment to guard the toavin, which was only-defended by the river. The townsmen, and...... however, said, they would march out into the plains, as they were in sufficient iorce to fight with the English,r batle. hey dd notturlti ut dvacedto nne When the consta ble perceive d their willingness, hlie said, " It w _f ~ SL wu neshall be so then; but, in G ods' ~ themyou ight ounteightor cre tat enagedome f ~those archers, w on name, you shall not fight witl in a h t in f ldw ce athout me." They then marche out of the town, in: handsome order, and made a show as it they would fight valiantly, and risk their lives upon the event. CHAPTER CXXIIi. THE BATTLE OF CAEN —THE ENGLISH TAKE THE TOWN. BATTLE OF CAEN —From a MS. Frowssart of the Fifteenth Century ON this day the English rose very early, and made themselves ready to march to Savb,N the earl of Saltzburgh, the earl of Flanders, and earl William Caen: the king heard mass before sunrise, and afterwards mountof N, nur, came also to king Philip, each of them with a very hand- ing his horse, with the prince of Wales, and sir Godfrey de Har. some?ompany. court (who was marshal and director of the army, and througlYo:i have before heard the manner of the king of England's march: whose advice the king had undertaken this expedition) marched for. the tw-o marshals, on the right and left, and the king and prince of ward in order of battle. The battalion of the marshals led the van, Wale in the centre. They advanced by short marches; and every and came near to the handsome town of Caen. day they encamped between ten and twelve o'clock. They found When the townsmen, who had taken the field, perceived the the country so abounding with provisions, that they had no need to English advancing, with banners and pennons flying in abundance, seek far forage, except wines, of which there was a reasonable and saw those archers whom they had not been accustomed to, they quantity. It is not to be wondered at, if the people of the country were so frightened that they betook themselves to flight, and ran for were alarmed and frightened; for they had never seen any men-at. the town in great disorder, without regarding the constable and the arms, and knew nothing of war or battles: they therefore fled before men-at-arms who were with them. The English pursued them the En,ish, as soon as ever they heard they were coming, leaving eagerly; which, when thile constable and the earl of Tancarville saw, their houses and barns quite full, for they had neither means nor art they gained a gate at the entrance of the bridge in safety, and a few to save them. knights with them, for the English had already entered the town. The king of England and prince of Wales had, in their battalion, Some knights and squires of the French, who knew the road to about three thousand men-at-arms, six thousand archers, ten thou. the castle, made for it; and the governor, sir Robert de Blargny, sand infantry, without counting those that were under the marshals; received them all: as the castle was very large, and plentifully vict. and they nmarched on in the manner I have before mentioned, burn- nailed, those were safe that could get there. ing and destroying the country, but without breaking their line The English, who were after the runaways, made great havoc, of battle. They did not tura toward Coutances, but advanced to for they spared none. When the constable, and those that had taken St. L6, in Coutantin, which in those days was a very rich and com- refuge with him within the gate of the bridge, looked round then;, marcial town, and worth three such towns as Coutances. In the and saw the great slaughter the English were making, for they gave town of St. L6 was much drapery, and many wealthy inhabitants: no quarter, they began to fear lestthey should fall into the hands of among them, you might count eight or nine score that were engaged some of those archers, who would not know who they were. But in commerce. When the king of England was come near to the they perceived a knight who had but one eye, named sir Thomas town, he encamped: he would not lodge in it for fear of fire. He Holland (whom they had formerly known in Prussia atd Grenada,) sent, therefore, his advanced guard forward, who soon conquered it, coming toward them, in company with five or six other knights: at a trifling loss, and completely plundered it. No one can imagine they called to him, and asked if he would take them as his prisoners? the quantity of riches they found in it, nor the number of bales of Sir Thomas and his company advanced to the gate, and, dismountcloth. If there had been any purchasers, they might have bought ig, ascended to the top, with sixteen others, where he found the enough at a very cheap tate nabove-mentioned kunights, and twenty-five more, who surrendered The English then advanced towarld Caen, which is a much larger themselvs to3 sir Thomast ~owu, stronger, and foulsc i ii di n ties and dl o her sorts of mar — Having left a sufficient guard over them, he mounted his horse, chandise, rich citizens, noble dalmes asad O'i iae a-id flue churches.'__ In particular, there are two very ritIt moun:ateries; one dedicated to St. Stephen, andr! thle othfer' ti, the I'ro~it'~.'iphl? ce:~ctle? is situ~ated o1 Ck* FEstreha —dioces. of Btayeux, at the mouutil of the river Or()e, liar leagues froe one ________ _______ ________n: it is tile h:~nl~i3,:;i-li~,~t iii!I! Nc~rl-r~a~ t " lut here whiatsoever Vroissart d,ii, report of the taking of this town, aid t.f the Thw ea or Savos dud no oicm. as )tu u il see frl'thei on. of these two noblemen. it is to bo'ouveul. that the stud amnl oat'Tausca ville we. 718 CCHRONICLES OF ENGL AND FRAI CE, SPAIN, &c. rode through the streets, and prevented many acts of cruelty' as did C H A P T E R C X X 1 V. also other knights and squires, to whom several of the citizens owed their lives, and many a nun was, protected from violation by their THE ENGLTSH COsIneT GREAT DISORDERS IN NORMANDY. SIR GODFREY interference. It was fortunate for the English, that it was ebb tide DE IAROORT ENCOUNTERS THE IsEN-AT-AENS OF AMIENS, ON THEIR in the river, which carries large vessels, and the water very still, so WAY TO PARIS, AND KING EDWARD MARCHES INTO PICARDY. that they could pass and repass it without any danger from the WHIEN the king had finished his business in Caen, and had sent bridge.* Those inhabitants who had taken refuge in the garrets his fleet to England, loaded with cloths, jewels, gold and silver plate, flung down from them, in these narrow streets, stones, benches: and and a quantity of other riches, and upward of sixty knights, with whatever they could lay h-ands on; so that they killed and wounded three hundred able citizens, prisoners; he then left his quarters and Mpward of five hundred of the English, which so enraged the king continued his march as before, his two marshals on his right and of England, whei he received the reports in the evening, that he left, burning and destroying all the flat country. He took the road ordered the remainder of the inhabitants to be put to the sword, and to Evreux,* but found ht: could not gain anythillg there, as it was the town burnt. But sir Godfrey de Harcourt said to him: "Dear well fortified. He went or. toward another town called Louviers,t sir, assuage somewhat of your anger, and be satisfied with what has which was in Normandy, and where there were many manufactories already been done. You have a long journey yet to make before of cloth: it was rich and commercial. The English won it easily, you arrive at Calais, whither it is your intention to go: and there as it was not ilnclosed; and having entered the town, it was plhn. are in this town a great number of inhabitants, who will defend dered without opposition. They collected much wealth there; andt, themselves obstinately in their houses, if you force them to it: be- after they had done what they pleased, they Inarched on into the sides, it will cost you many lives before the town can be destroyed, county of Evreux, where they burnt everything except the fortified which may put a stop to your expedition to Calais, and it will not towns and castles, which the king left unattacked, as he was desirous redound to your honor: therefore be sparing of your men, for in a of sparing his men and rtillety. He therefore made for the banks month's time you will have call for them; as it cannot otherwise of the Seine, in his approach to Rouen, where there were plenty of happen, but that your adversary king Philip must soon come to give men-at-arms from Normandy, under the command of the earl of you battle, and you may meet with many difficulties, assaults and Harcourt, brother to sir Godfirey, and the earl of Dreux. skirmishes, that will find full employment for the number of men The English did not march direct toward Rouen, but went to you have, and even more if we could get them. We are complete Gisors,t which has a strong castle, and burnt the town. After this, masters of the town without any more slaughter; and the inhabitants, they destroyed Vernon,~ and all the country between Reoen and and all they possess, are at our disposal." The king replied: " Sir Pont-de-l'Arche:j they then came to Mantes~ and Meulan,*. which Godfrey, you are our marshal; therefore order as you please; for they treated in the same manner, and ravaged all the country round this time we wish not to interfere." about. They passed by the strong castle of Roulleboise,tt and everySir Godfrey then rode through the streets, his banner displayed where found the bridges on the Seine broken down. They pusised before him, and ordered, in the king's name, that no one should forward until they came to Poissy,tt where the bridge was also de. dare, under pain of immediate death, to insult or hurt man or woman stroyed; but the beams and other parts of it were lying in the river. of the town, or attempt to set fire to any part of it. Several of the The king remained here five days, while:hey were repairing the inhabitants, on hearing this proclamation, received the English into bridge, so that his army might pass over without danger. His martheir houses; and others opened their coffers to them, giving up their shals advanced very near to Paris, and burnt St. Germain- en-Laye,~~ all, since they were assured of their lives. However, there were, in la Montjoie,IIII St. Cloud,~~ Boulogne near Paris, and Bourg la spite of these orders, many atrocious thefts and murders committed. Reine.***- The Parisians were much alarmed, for Paris at that The English continued masters of the town for three days; in this tinse was not inclosed. King Philip upon this began to stir, and time, they amassed great wealth, which they sent in barges down having ordered all the pent-houses in Paris to be pulled down, went the river of Estreham, to St. Sauveur, two leagues off, where their to St. Denis,ttt where he found the king of Bohemma, the lord John fleet was. The earl of Huntington made preparations therefore, of Hainault, the duke of Lorrain, the earl of Flanders, the earl of with the two hundred men-at-arms and his four hundred archers, to Bloss, and great multitudes of barons and knights, ready to receive with the two hundred men-at-arms and his four hundred archers, to carry over to England their riches and, prisoners. The king pur- him. When the Parisians learnt that the king was on the point of chased, from sir Thomas Holland and his companions, the constable quitting Paris, they came to him, and falling on their knees, said, of France and the earl of Tancarville, and paid down twenty thou- "Ah, sire, and noble king, what are you about to do?' to leave your s~~~~~ arldo Tnobvles n pi downtet theousand nobles for them.t fine city of Paris?" The king replied: "My good people, do not be afraid: the English will not approach you nearer than they have taken by one surnamed Legh, ancestor to sir Peter Legh now living: whetherin thie fight done." He thus spoke in answer to what they had said, that "our orwithin the tower I have not to say; but for the taking of the said earl, and for other enemies are only two leagues off: as soon as they shall know you manlike prowess showed here and elsewhere in this journey, king Edward, in recoi- have quitted us, they will come hither directly; and we are not able pease of his agreeable service, gave him a lordship in the county of Chester, called to resist them ourselves, nor shall we find any to defend us. Have Hanley, which the said sir Peter Legh doth now possess, as successor and heir to his ancestor, the foresaid Peter Legs, to whom it was so first given."-Ho LLINoSHED. the kindness, therefore, sire, to remain in your good city of Paris, to * This is scarcely intelligible. Lord Berners says, "the ryuer was so lowe that men take care of us." The king replied, " I am going to St. Denis, to,vent in and out besyde the bridge," that is across the bed of the river, avoiding the danger of pressing in crowds over a narrow bridge.-ED. remained in the abbey; and in another quarter of the town was another noble hbbey o. tAs the reader soap perhaps wish to see another account of Edward's progress, by an ladies and nobody remained in the said abbeys nor in the town on that side of the water, eye-witness, I copy from Robert de Avesbury's " Historia de Mirabilibus Gestis Edwardi where tthe castle was; and the inhabitants laad gone over to the town on the other side tertii," the following very curious letter: a of the water, where were the constable of France and the chamberlain of Tankerville, De Progressu Regis lnglir de Hogges usque Cadamumn. who is a very great lord, and many gentlemen, to the number of five or six hundred, and'You may remember that our lord the king and his army landed at La Hogue St. tile commons of the town. The people of our host attacked the bridge without comVast, the twelfth day of July, and remained there some days to unship the horses, and mand and without order. The bridge had been strengthened with battlements and barrepose himself, and his people, and provide bread, until the following Tuesday. They riers, and there was much to do, for the French defended it very stoutly, and they bore found eleven ships at La Hogue, eight of which had castles before and behind: these a much before they gave way; and then the said constable and chamberlain were taken, man seton fire. On the Friday, while the king still remained, a party proceeded to Bar- together with abont a hundred knights, and six or seven score esquires. A great fieur, where ther expected to have found many people, but there were none of any multitude of knights, esquires, and others, people of the town, were slain in the streets, consequence. Here were eleven ships with castles betbre and behind, two carracks, and houses and gardens; no one can tell how many people of note, for the bodies were a number of smaller vessels lying at the quays. The town is about as large, and of the despoiled so they could not be known. No gentleman was slain on our side, except same importance. as Sandwich. When this party retired, the mariners set fire to the one esquire, who was badly wounded and died two days afterwards. Wines, protown, and several good towns and manors were burnt in the country round about. visions, and other goods, and moveables without number, were found in the town, When the king removed on Tuesday he went to Valognes, where they remained all which is larger than any town in England, except London. When the king let5 night and fiundplenty of provisions. The nextday they made a long march, as far as a La Ilogue, two hundred ships remained, which were taken to Rothemasse; then the bridge which the inthabitants of Carantan had broken down. The king caused it to be country was burnt two or three leagues inland, and many things were taken and brought reppaired tihe same night, and the next day proceeded to Carantan, which is not above an to the ships: they went as far as Cherbourg, which was a good town, with a strong castle English league iomn the bridge. This town is as largeas Leicester, and here thiey found and a handsome and noble abbey: they burnt the said city and abbey, and the whole plenty of wine and provisions. A great part of the city was burnt, in spite of the king's country on every side, from the sea at Rothemasse to the army at the haven of Caen, a efforts to prevent it. On the Friday the king went on, and lodged in the villages on the distance of twenty-six English leagues. And the number of ships that were burnt was banks of a river difficult to pass, fbr the inhabitants of St. L6 had broken down the bridge. sixty-one ships of war, with castles before and behind, and twenty-three carracks, besidles The king caused the bridge to be repaired, and passed it the next day with all his army, of other smaller vessels more than twenty one; they also destroyed thirty tuns oh wine. and took post close to the town. Those of the town had begun to strengthen it, and On the Thursday afterthe king had come before Caen, they of the city of Bions demanded had drawn together many men-at-arms, who ought to have defended the place, but they of our lord the king, that they might surrender themselves and their city to him, and do left it before the coming of the king. Great riches were found in the town, a thousand him homage, but he would not admit them to any conditions, but that they should be tuns ofwine, and a great quantity of other goods. Tihetown is largerthbsn St. Nicholas. saved from darnage." Anwl the next day the king went his way and abode at an abbey, and his host at the vii- *An ancient town in Normandy, and a bishopric, twenty-eight leagues from Caen, hages round about; and those of the host made excursions every day, robbing and destroy- t Louviers —in the diocese of Evreux. It still maintains its celebrity for the goodne hg every day five or six leagues about, and burnt several places. And the Monday the of its cloths. ting removed and lodged in the villages, and Tuesday also. And Wednesday, about $ Diocese of Rouen, fourteen leagues ftom Rouen. the hour of noon, they arrived before the town of Caen, and received intelligence that a ~ Diocese of Evreux, thirteen leagues from Rouen..number of men-at-arms were in the town. The king drew up his forces in good order DioceseofEvreux, four leaguesfrom Enuen. am in strong number, and sent some of his people to reconnoitre the town. They found ~ In the Isle of France, diocese of Chartres, nineteen leagues from Rouen. the castle well built and strong, and that it was held by the knights and men-at-arms of:~* In the Isle of France, ten leagues from Paris, twesty-thres from Rouea. the Bishop of Bayeux. The town on the side of the water is very strong and large, and tt A village in Normandy, election of Cisumool. in one part of the town is tin abbey as noble as can be, where William the Conqueror f$ In the Isle of France, seven leagues from Paris. leburied; it is inclosed with walls and large and strong battlemented towers; no person ~ ~ In the Isle of France, five leagues from Paris. []][ Q.. if not Montjoye St. Denis. a This is given by Mr. Johnes in the original old French, but we considered it would be ~ ~ Isle of France, two leagues from Paris. more agreeable to our readers to present it in an English dress, and have accordingly *** Isle o' France, one league from Paris. mnanslated it.-Eo.?t~ Il.e;' Yrance, two leagues from Paris. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 7m my army, for I am impatient to pursue the English, and am resolved had been broken down, and their situations were well guarded by to fight with them at all events." men-at-arms. The two marshals, at the request of the king, followed The king of England remained at the nunnery of Poissy to the the course of the river, in order if possible to find a passage for the middle of August, and celebrated there the feast of the Virgin Mary. army: they had with them a thousand men-at-arms and two thousand He sat at table in his scarlet robes without sleeves, trimmed with archers. They passed by Lomprd,* and came to Pont de Remy,f furs and ermines. He afterwards took the field, and his army which they found defended bynumbers of knights, squires, and peopla marched as before: sir Godfrey de Harcourt, one of his marshals, of the country. The English dismounted, and attacked the French had the command of the vanguard, with five hundred men-at-arms, from the very dawn of the morning until near ten o'clock: but the and about thirteen hundred archers. By accident, he fell in with a bridge was so well fortified and guarded, that they could not gain large party of the citizens of Amiens on horseback, who were going anything, so they departed, and went to a large town called Fon. to king Philip at Paris, in obedience to his summons. He imme- taines-sur-Somme4 which they completely plundered and burnt, as it diately attacked them with those under his command; but they made was quite open. They next came to another town, called Long, in a good defence, as they were very numerous and well armed, and Ponthieu;~ but they could not gain the bridge, so well was it guarded. had four knights from Amiens with them. The engagement lasted They then rode on to Pecquigny,I] but found the town, castle, and a long time, and many were slain at the onset; but at last those from bridge, so well grrisoned that it was impossible to pass. In this Amiens were overthrown, killed or taken prisoners. The English manner had the ring of' France ordered all the bridges and fords of seized all their baggage and arms, and found many valuables; for the river Somme to be guarded, to prevent the king of England from they were going to the king excellently well equipped, and had but crossing it with his army; for he was resolved to force them to fight just quitted their city. Twelve hundred were left dead on the spot. when he should see the most favorable opportunity, or else to starve The king of England entered the country of Beauvais, destroying all them. the flat country, and took up his quarters in a rich abbey called St. The two marshals, having thus in vain followed the course of the Messien, near to Beauvais,* where he lodged one night. The mor- Somme, returned to the king of England, and related to him that row, as he was on his march, he by chance turned his head round they were unable to find a passage anywhere. That same evening, and saw the abbey all in flames; upon which he instantly ordered the king of France took up his quarters at Amiens, with upward of twenty of those who had set fire to it to be hung, as he had most one hundred thousand men. The king of England was very pensive: strictly forbidden that any church should be violated, or monastery he ordered mass before sunrise, and his trumpets to sound for de. set onifire. He passed near Beauvais without attacking it, for he camping. All sorts of people followed the marshals' banners, accordwas anxious to be as careful of his men and artillery as possible, and ing to the orders the king had issued the preceding day; and they took up his quarters at a small town called Milly.t The two mar- marched through the country of Vimeu,~ drawing near to the good shals passed so near to Beauvais, that they advanced to attack it and town of Abbeville. In their march, they came to a town where a slkirmish With the townsmen at the barriers, and divided their forces great number of country people had assembled, trusting to some small into three battalions; this attack lasted until the afternoon; for the fortifications which were thrown up there; but the English conquered town was well fortified and provided with everything, and the bishop the town, as soon as they came to it, and all that were within. Many was also there, whose exertions were of more service than those of of the townsmen and those from the adjoining country were slain cm all the rest. When the English found they could not gain anything, taken prisoners. The king lodged, that night, in the great hospital. they set fire to the suburbs, which they burnt quite close to the gates The king of France set out from Amiens, and came to Airaines of the town, and then came, toward evening, to where the king was. about noon: the English king had quitted it about ten o'clock. The The next day, the king and his whole army marched forward, French found there provisions of all sorts; meat on the spits, bread burning and wasting all the country as they went, and lay that night and pastry in the ovens, wine in barrels, and even some tables ready at a village called Grandvillier. On the morrow, he passed near spread, for the English had left it in very great haste. THe king of to Argis: his scouts not finding any one to guard the castle, he at- France fixed his quarters there, to wait for his nobles and their retinue. tacked and burnt it, and passing oni, destroyed the country, and came The king of England was in the town of Oisemont.** When his to Poix,t which was a handsome town with two castles. The lords two marshals returned in the evening, after having overrun the counof both were absent, and no one was there but two handsome daugh- try as far as the gates of Abbeville, and to St. Valery, where they had ters of the lord of Poix, who would have been violated,, if two Eng- a smart skirmish, the king of England summoned a council, and iish knights, sir John Chandos and lord Basset, had not defended ordered many prisoners, whom his people had made in the districts them. In order more effectually to guard them, they brought them of Ponthieu and Vimeu, to be brought before him. to the king, who, as in honor bound, entertained them most gra- The king most courteously asked, "if any of them knew a ford ciously: he inquired whither they would wish to go? they answered, below Abbeville, where he and his army could pass without danger;!' To Corbie,~ to which place they were conduc'ed in safety. The and added, " Whoever will show us such a ford shall have his liberty, king of England lay that night in the town of Poix. The inhabit- and that of any twenty of his fellow-soldiers whom he nmay wish to ants of Poix, as well as those of the castle, had a conference with select." There was among them a common fellow whose name was the marshals of the army, in order to save the town from being plun- Gobin Agace, who answered the king, and said, "Sir, I promise dered and burnt. They offered to pay, as a ransom, a certain number you, under peril of my life- that I will conduct you to such a place, of florins the ensuing day, as soon as the army should have marched where you and your whole army may pass the river Somme without off. On the morrow morning, the king and army departed, except any risk. There are certain fordable places where you may pass some few, who remained behind, by order of the marshals, to receive twelve men abreast twice in the day, and not have water above your the ransom from the townsmen. When the inhabitants were assem- knees; but when the tide is in, the river is full and deep, and no bled together, and considered the small number of the English who one can cross it; when the tide is out, the river is so low that it may were left with them, they resolved to pay nothing, told them so, and be passed, on horseback or on foot, without danger. The bottom directly fell upon them. The English defended themselves gallantly, of this ford is very hard, of gravel and white stones, over which all and sent after the army for succor. When lord Reginald Cobham your carriages may safely pass, and from thence is called. Blancheand sir Thomas Holland, who commanded the rear-guard, were told taque. You must therefore set out early, so as to be at the ford of this, they cried out, "Treason! treason!" and returned back to before sunrise." "Friend," replied the king, "if I find what thou Poix, where they found their countrymen still engaged with the hast just said to be true, I will give thee and all thy companions their townsnmen. Almost all the inhabitants were slain, the town was liberty; and I will besides make thee a present of a hundred nobles." burnt, and the two castles razed to the ground. The English then The king gave orders for every one to be ready to march at the first followed the king's army, which was arrived at Airaines,l[ where he sound of his trumpet, and to proceed forward. had ordered the troops to halt, and to quarter themselves for that night, strictly commanding, under pain of death, that no harm should be done to the town or inhabitants, by theft or otherwise; for he C H A P TER C X X V I. wished to remain there a day or two, in order to gain information THE BATTLE OF BLANCHETAQUE, BETWEEN TIlE KING OF ENGLAND AND where lie could best cross the river Somme, which he was under the SIR GODEMAR DU FAY. necessity of doing, as you will shortly hear. THE king of England did not sleep much that night, but, rising at midnight, ordered his trumpet to sound. Very soon everything was C H A P T E R C X X V. ready; and, the baggage being loaded, they set out from the town of Oisemont about daybreak, and rode on, under the guidance of GoTHE KING OF FRANCE PURSUES THE KING OF ENGLAND, IN THE COUNTRY bin Agace, until they came to the ford of Blanchetaque, about sun oF BE.AUVAIS. rise: but the tide was at that time so full, they could not cross I wiSH now to return to king Philip, whom we left at St. Denis The king, however, determined to wait there for those of his army witk his army, which was increasing every day. He marched off who were not yet come up; and he remained until after ten o'clock, with it, and pushed forward until he came to Coppigny les Guises, when the tide was gone out. The king of France, who had his which is three leagues distant from Amiens, where he halted. The scouts all over the country, was informed of the situation of the king king of England, who was still at Airaines, was much embarrassed.... how to cross the Somme, which was wide and deep, as all the bridges Lompre-Corps-SaiatSa onall town in Picardy. t In the election of Abbeville. ~A city in the Isle of France, sixteen leagues from Paris. $ In Picardy I A town in the diocese of Beanvais. ~ A fertile district of Picardy, between the rivers Somme and Canche: Poix —a town in Picardy, six leagues from Amiens. i] A town in Picardy, on the Somme, three leagues from Amiens. ~ Corh-ie-a town in Picardy, four leagues from Amiens. ~ A district in Picardy, of which St. Valery is the capital. J A town in Picardy, four leagues from Asmiens. wn in Picardy, four leagues from Amiens. five from St? Valerly CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. of England: he imagined he should be able to shut him up between Abbeville, to learn if the king of France meant to take the field this 4bbeville and the Somme, and thus take him prisoner, or force him Friday; but they returned, and said they saw no appearance of it;.o fight at a disadvantage. From the time of his arrival at Amiens, upon which, he dismissed his men to their quarters, With orders to bie had ordered a great baron of Normandy, called sir Godfmar du be in'eadiness by times in the morning, and to assemble in the same Fay, to guard this ford of Blanchetaque, which the English must place. The king of France remained all Friday in Abbeville, waitcross, and nowhere else. Sir Goddrmar had set out, in obedience to ing for more troops. I-HIe sent his marshals, the lord of St. Venant. this order, and had with him, in the whole, one thousand men-at. and lord Charles of Montmorency, out of Abbeville, to examine the arms and six thousand foot, with the Genoese. He had passed St. country, hnd get some certain intelligence of the English. They Ricquier* in Ponthieu, and from thence came to Crotoy,t where returned, about vespers, with information that the English were en-'his ford was; he had collected, in his march, great numbers of the camped on the plain. That night the king of France entertained at country people. The townsmen of Abbeville had also accompanied supper, in Abbeville, all the princes and chief lords. There was nim, excellently well appointed: they had arrived at the passage be- much conversation relative to war; and the king entreated them., fore the English. They were, in all, fully twelve thousand men: after supper, that they would always remain in friendship with each among them were two thousand who had jackets, resembling wag- other; that they would be friends without jealousy, and courteous oners' frocks, called torviquiaux. without pride. The king was still expecting the earl of Savoy, who On the arrival of the English army, air Godfmar du Fay drew up ought to have been there with a thousand lances, as he had been his men on the banks of the river, to defend and guard the ford. well paid for them at Troyes in Champaign, three months in advance The king of England, however, did not for this give up his intention of crossing; but, as soon as the tide was. suficiently gone out, he ordered his marshals to dash into the water, in the name of God and H A P T E R CXX V II. St. George. The most doughty and the best mounted leaped in first; and, in the river, the engagement began: many on both sides THIE ORDER OF BATTLE OF THE ENGLISH AT CRECY, WHO WERE DRAWN were unhorsed into the water: there were some knights and squires, U P IN THREE BATTALIONS ON FOOT. from Artois and Picardy, in the pay of sir God6mar, who in hopes. THE king of England, as I have mentioned before, encamped ts -V',-TE king of England, as I have mentioned before, encamped this of preferment, and to acquire honor, had posted themselves at this Friday in the plain: for he found the country abounding in provisions ford, and they appeared to be equally fond of tilting in the water as but, if they should have failed, he had plenty in the carriages which but, if they should have failed, he had plenty in the carriages which upon dry land. attended on him. The army set about furbishing and repairing their The French were drawn up in battle array, near the narrow passing gave a supper that evening to the ars a armor; and the king gave a supper that evening to the earls and leading to the ford; and the English were much annoyed by them barons of his army, where the made good cheer. On their taking as they came out of the water to gain the land; for there were leave, the ki remainedalonewith te lords of his be-chamber: he among them Genoese cross-bowmen who did them much mischief. retired into his oratory, and, llng on his ohees befor e the alt, On the other hand, the English archers shot so well together that retired into his oratory, and, alling on his knees before the altar, they forced the men-at-arms to give way. At this ford of Blanche- prayed to God, that, if he should combat his enemies on the morrow, they forced the nmen.at-arms to give way. At this ford of Blanche-id he might come off with honor. About midnight he went to bed; and, taque many gallant feats of arms were performed on each side: but, rising early the next day, he and the prince of Wales heard mass, and in the end, the English crossed over, and, as they came on shore, corunicated. The greater part of his army did the same, confessed, corrm-unicated. The greater part of his army did the same, confessed, hastened to the fields. After the king, the prince, and the other andmadeproperpreparations. After maSs,thekingorderedhis men lords had crossed, the French did not long keep in the order they to arm themselves, and assemble on the ground he had before fixed were in, but ranl off for the fastest. W~hen sir God~mar du Fay were in, but ran off for the fastnst. When sir Gode'mar do Fay on. He had inclosed a large park near a wood, on the rear of his found his army was discomfited, he saved himself as quickly as heary in which heplcdalhsbggewonadhre;ad could, and many with him; some making for Abbeville, others for army, placed all his bggge-wagons and horses; and this park had but one entrance: his men-at-arms and archers remained St. Ricquier. The infantry, however, could not escape; and there fo were numbers of those from Abbevile, Arras, Montreuil, and St. T The king afterwards ordered, through his ednstable and his two Ricquier, slain or taken prisoners: the pursuit lasted more than m arshals, that the army should be divded i nto t hree battalions. n lbague. The English had scarcely gained the opposite bank, when marshals, that the army should be dividedinto three battalions. fn some of the Elight horse ofcre g the French army, particularly the first, he placed the young prince of VWales, and with him the those be- arls of Warwick and Oxford, sir Godfrey de Harcourt, the lord Regio longing to the king of Bohemia and sir John of Hainault, advanced nald Cobha, lord Thomas ollnd, lord Staffor, lord uley, the adnald Cobham, lord Thomas Holland, lord Stafford, lord Manley, the upon the rear, took from th~em some horses and accoutrements, and upon the rear, took from them some horses and accoutrements, lord Delaware, sir John Chandos, lord Bartholomew Burgherst, lord slew several on the bank who were late in crossing. The king of Rbert Neville, lord Thomas Cliffor, the lord Bourchir, the lod France had set out from Airaines that morning, thinking to find the t Latimer, and many other knights and squires whom I cannot name. English on the banks of the Somme: when news was brought to There might be, in this first division, about eight hundred men-athim of the defeat of sir Godemar and his army, he immediately arms, two thousand archers, anid a thousand Welshmen. Theyad halted, and demanded fi'om his marshals, what was to be done: theyarstwthundrcesadatosadWlmn.Ty d haltned, and demanded from his marshals, wht was to be done: they vanced in regular order to their ground, each lord under his banner answered, You ca only cross the iver by the bridge of Abbe- and pennon, and in the centre of his men. In the second battalion ville, for the tide is now in at Blanchetaque." The king of France te erl of Northmton, the arl of rundel, the lords oo, nwere the earl of Northampton, the earl of Arundel, the lords Roos, therefore turned back, and took up his quarters at Abbeville. The kingeofe Eurnglban, wen h k ha c isse the t Ameve T Willoughby, Basset, Saint Albans, sir Lewis Tufton, lord Multon, the king of Eng, and when he had crossed the Somme, gave thanks to lord Lascols, and many others; amrounting, in the whole, to about God fbr it, and began his march in the same order as he had done eight hundred men-at-arms, and twelve hundred archers. The third before. He called to him Gobin Agace, gave him his fireedom with- befoe. feclledohi~obn~gce~gveliiinhisreeomwth-battalion was commanded by the iking, and was composed of about out ransom, as well as that of his companions, and ordered the hunll- battalion was commnded by te kin, and was composed of about - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~seven hundred men-at-arms, and two thousand5 archers. dred nobles of gold to be given him, and also a good horse. The seven hundred men-at-arms, and two thpusandf archers. Thle Ming then mounted a small palfrey, having a white wand in king continued his march, thinking to take up lii quarters at a good his aindlar~g ne town calle oyee situated har y buaet wen his hand, and attended by his two marshals on each side of himr: he and large town called NoyelteJ situated hard by; but wl-len he was rode a foot's pace through all the ranks, encouraging and entreating informed that it belonged to the countess d'Aumarle, sister to the de a foot's pace through all the ranks, encouraging and entreating the army, that they would guard his honor and defend his right. He late Robert d'Artois, he sent to assure the inhabitants, as well as all spoke this so sweetly, and wit such a ceerful countenance, that all the armrs bloning o hr, tat hey houd no behurt Hespoke this so sweetly, and with such a cheerful countenance, that all the farmers belonging to her, that they should not lbe hurt. He who had been dispirited were directy comforted by seeing and hear. marched further on; but his two marshals rode to Crotoy, near theWhen he had thus visited all the battalions, it was near ten sea; they took the town, and burnt it. In the harbor they found manyshipsandothervessesladenithwinesfrom Sam-o'clock: he retired to his own division, and ordered them all to eat many ships, and other vessels, laden with ines, from Poitout heartily, and drinkr a glass after. They ate and drank at their ease; ronge, and la Rochelle: they ordered the best to be carried to the English army: thenn oftemarshal push ed for, even and, having packed up pots, barrels, &c., in the carts, they returned English army: then one of the marshals pushed forward, even as -ie marshals' orders, and seated far as the gates of Abbeville, and returned by St. Ricquier, followingto their battalions, according to therhl es and se followinguthemselves on the ground, placing their helmets and bows before the sea-shore to the town of St. Esprit do Rue.~ These two battalions of the marshals came, on a Friday in the them, that they might be the fresher when their enemies should arrive These two battalions of the marshals came, on a Friday in the afternoon, to where the king was; and they fixed their quarters,5all three together, near Crecy in Ponthieu. The king of England, who had been informed that the king of France was following him, in C H APT E R C X XV II I. order to give him battle, said to his people: "Let us post ourselves THE ORDER OF THE FRENCH ARMY AT CRECY. here; for we will not go further before we have seen our enemies. TAT same Saturday, the king of France rosebetie nd heard I have good reason to wait for them on this spot; as I am now upon TA ame Saturday, the king of France rosebetimes, and heard the lawful inheritance of my lady-mother, which was given her as mass in the monastery of St. Peter's in Abbeville, where he was lodged: having ordered his army to do the same, he left that town ier marriage portion; and I am resolved to defend it against my de hng ore hi ary t dth am h t t h tow adversary, Philippe do Valois." On account of his not having moreafesure.W nheadmcedbotwolgesrmAwdvesarl, hilppede Vloi." n acout ofhisnothavng orebeville, and was approaching the enemy, he was advised to form his than an eighth part of the forces which the king of France had, his marshals fixed upon the most advantageous situation; and the alrmy army in order of battle, and to let those on foot march forward, that Went and took possession of it. He then sent his scouts toward they might not be trampled on by the horses. The king, upon this, sent off four knights, the lord Moyne of Bastleberg,t the lhod of Noy. ers, the lord of Beaujeu, and the lord of Aubigny, who rode so near to *St. Riequ~ier —two leatgues andf n ha lffi'om Abbeville. t A aossa in Picirdy, at the mouilt ofthe Somme. opposite to St. Valery. I Ou:c~verarsenllt oh- Mosinresil. * I). Sauvage's edition and lord Berners' say twelve hundred archer. -Igl. i Two leagues'inom St. Valery. I believe it is now called Rue only. t The lord Moyne of Hastleburg in Bsohe:oia. —BaErIs. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &e. 9l the English that they could clearly distinguish their position. The C C EFnglish plainly perceived they were come to reconnoitre them: nowever, they took no notice of it, tbut suffered them to return un- THE BATTLE OF CRECY, BETWEEN TIlE NINGS OF FRANCE AND OF molested. When the king of France saw them coming back, he ENGLAND. halted his alrny; and the knights, pushing through the crowds, came THE English, who were drawn lip in three divisions, and seated on near the kiing, who said to them, "My lords, what news?" They the ground, on seeing their enem-ies advance, rose undauntedly up, looked at each other, without opening their mouths: for neither chose and fell into their ranks. That of the prince was the first to do so, to spreak first. At last, the king addressed himself to the lord Moyne, | whose archers were formed in the manner of a portcullis, or harrow, and the men-at-arms in the rear.'The earls of Northamp. ton and Arundel, who comn BATTLEF.C-F a M..... ro oupanded the second division, had posted themselves in gu,,d lr —-— t~~~~~~ h a t e o e g B e order onv his wing, to assist and nigh4ts:. hristedm The i succor the prince, if necessary - it ple --....... a You must know, that -these pla j,:~1 iti ng_. or you.....' \ kings, earls, hbarons and, lords I ___ ~rti\ th n r t s e h e eany regslar order, but oie after t5~rayed. l\ On~ the ot.rro, or any way emost I -~,, -~ —-.'\,,:.?~ C:_~.~,,' to themselves. As I -SW v / 44//lsoon as the king of France /i~ ~~ ~~ ~~~ "~ caie in sight of the English, you."~ The~ king~ commanded thatitshouldsobedone:and. his blood began to boil, and he,g'cried out to his marshals, "Or-. m4 begin the hattle, in the name f iGod and St. Denis." There were about fifteen thousand *A X h d e s g w Genoese cross-b nowtmen; ut.. un t ll~ they wiere quite fatigued, hav ~i~i~-~~ 1ing marched on foot that day the' n s could top;hem, but they marched without:ally:ordersix leagues, completely armed,........lad with their cross-hws.. They told the constale, theye al e do "n te were not in a fit condition tod washenpaceandroomenouhf r ohv asd d gdo aany great thingsr that day i battle. The earl of Alencon hearing this, said,'This is. 1/ N what one gets by employing such scoundrels, who fall oil! f/3~ people, s, whwhen there is aony need fort them." During this time a, Vvw by thunder and a very terrible couI hr iemeclipse of the sun; and before this rain a great flight of crows. Imagine, ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i~z,~~~~ r hovered in the air over all those:j ~ ~~5~ ~ ~ ~ battalions, ma king aloud noise,. Shortly afterwards it cleared. BATTLE OF Casey-From a MS. Froisart of the 15th Century. up, and the sun shone very bright; but the Frenchmen, had it in their faces, and the, who was attached to the king of Bohemia, and had performed very English in their hacks. When the Gesoese were somewhat id many gallant deeds, so that he was esteemed one of the most valiant order, and approached the English, they set up a loud shout,f in order. knights in Christendom. The lord Moyne said, " Sir, I will speak, to frighten them; hut they remained quite still, and did not seem tm' since it pleases you to order me, but under the correction of my corn- attend to it. T'hey then set ip a second shout, and advanceda little,. panions. We have advanced far enough to reconnoitre your enemies, forward; hut the English never moved. Know, then, that they are drawn up in three battalions, and are They hooted a third time, advancind with their cross-bows presented,, waiting for you. I would advise, for my part, (submitting, however, and began to shoot. The English archers then advanced one step to better counsel,) that you halt your army here, and quarter them forward, and shot their arrows with such force and quickness, that it: for the night; for before the rear shall come up, arid the army be seemed as if it snowed. When the Genoese felt these arrows, which, properly drawn out, it wiM be -very late, your men will be tired and pierced their arms, heads, and through their armor, some of them cut. in diisorder, while they will find your enemies fresh and properly ar- the strings of tneir cross-bows, others flung theri on tine ground, and raved. On the morrow, you may draw up your army more at your all turned about and retreated quite discomfited-'The French had a. ease, rnd may reconnoitre at leisure on what part it will be most ad- large body of men-at-arms oin horseback, richly dressed, to support; vantageous to begin the attack; for, be assured they will wait for the, Genoese. The king of France, seeing then thus fall hack, cried? out, "HIalt banners, in the name of God and St. Denis." Those that were atbnrs in the frnau those bed saind SthDey" w hou e thalt, C w Lord Berners' account of the advance of the Genoese is somewhat different from were in the front halted; but those behind said they would notn halt, this; hie desrribes them as leapiig forward with a fell cry, ad as ttis is not aentioned in until they were as forward as the front. When the front perceived the printed editions, it seems s itobahle that he followed a MS. varying from those examtIne rear pressing on, they pushed forward; and neither the Iing nor ined hy Mr. Johnes. The whole passage is so spirited and graphic that we give it entire,. the marshals could stop them, but they marched without any order fobr tsh;giratification of the reader.-ED. until they came in sight of their enemi s. As soon as the foremost "TWisan the genowayes were assembled toglyder and heganne to aproche, they made ksaw t fell back at once, in great disorder, which a great leape and crye to riassie thenglysshmen, hut they stode styl and styreddte nit rank sawthem, they fellbackatonceigreatdi w for all that. Than the gehowayes agayne the seconde tyme made another - leane and alarmied those in the rear, who tiought they had been fighting. There fell'rye and stepped forwarde a lytell, ani tlenglysshmen remened nat olefoted; thirdly was then space and room enough for them to have passed forward agayne they leipt and cryed, and went fortie tell they caie within shotte- than they had they been willing so to do: some did so, but others remained shy.' shotte feersty w\ith their croishoves. Than lienglysslie arrliers siept fcsithsaerepnseanrd. h lette fly theirngroes so hotly and so thycle that it sermed snowe. ryan thev All the roads between Abbheville and Crecv were covered vith com- liete athe rowes so hotnd hye itemedsne. nsgewan monapeople, who, whn they were come within three oftheir felte the arowestpersynge throneg oseedes, arnes, and brestes, manyofthey cast douvne mon ei peoleae who when theo worern m, within thee crleagues of tleir crosowes and did cutte their strynges and retourne dyseonfitedl. Whan the. enemies, drew their swords, bawling out, " Kill, recll and with Irincle kygersawe them foe away, le said, Sueethese rascals finS they Elishnel erie andme emn were mnay great lords that were eager tlo sakre show of their trouble nc without reasin than you shoulde hase pere thiS men of arnies dashne id. couaitige. There Is no man, unless he had been present, that can among them and kygled a great combrse of thean; and e oer yli the englysihunen shot describe truly, the confusion ofbthat day; especially the where as they sawe thycorest prece, the shorpe arowes wtaus into this men oft armeti imagine, or an itbefo their horses, and many fell hotee and sie snsow.ge the genowayes, and which: or number. dWhat I now, and shall relate in this book, I have learnt opertlicwe a nether. Aid also usmongeihe englysthemen there were certayne ratscallec from thedEnglish, whorhad well observed the confosion they that uent a fate with great knfies, ansd they vent in among the men ofp nrlnnes ar-I cisiefly from the English, who had well obsered tse sntd ahurdredde ninny as they lay ofi the grosrsde, hoth erles, furownes, gnyghtrn,. were inl, and from those attached to sir tohn of Ilainnult, who was rnd siplycs, whereof the tyngof Englande was alter dlysphesed, forhe lund rgtherthus utways near the person of the king of France. Ild been t.ken prisoners.' 82 CHRONICLEb OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. any reason." You would then have seen the above-mentioned men- It is a certain fact, that sir Godfrey de Harcourt, who was in tho at-arms lay about them, killing all they could of these runaways. prince's battalion, having been told by some of the English, that' The English continued shooting as vigorously and quickly as be- they had seen the banner of his brother engaged in the battle against fore; some of their arrows fell among the horsemen, who were sump- him, was exceedingly anxious to save him; but he was too late, for tuously equipped, and, killing and wounding many, made them caper he was left dead on the field, and so was the earl of Aumarle his and fall among the Genoese, so that they were in such confusion they nephew. On the other hand, the earls of Alenqon and of Flanders could never rally again. In the English army there were some Corn- were fighting lustily under their banners, and with their own people; ish and Welshmen on foot, who had armed themselves with large but they could not resist the force of the English, and were tthere knives: these advancing through the ranks of the men-at-arms and slain, as well as many other knights and squires that were attending archers, who made way for them, came upon the French when they on or accompanying them. The earl of Blois, nephew to the king were in this danger, and, falling upon earls, barons, knights and of France, and theduke of Lorraine, his brolher-.inlaw, with their squires, slew many, at which the king of England was afterwards troops, made a gallant defence; but they were surrounded by atroop much exasperated. The valiant king of Bohemia was slain there. of English and Welsh, and slain in'pite of their prowess. The earl He was called Charles of Luxembourg; for he was the son of the of St. Pol and the earl of Auxerre were also killed, as well as many gallant king and emperor, Henry of Luxenibourg: having heard the others. Late after vespers, the king of France had not more about order of the battle, he inquired where his son, the lord Charles, was: him than sixty men, every one included. Sir John of Hainault, who his attendants answered, that they did not know, but believed hlie was was of the number, had once remounted the king; for his horse had fighting. The king said to them; "Gentlemen, you are all my peo- been killed under him by an arrow: he said to the king, " Sir, re. pie, my friends and brethren at arms this day: therefore, as I am treat while you have an opportunity, and do not expose yourself so blind,* I request of you to lead me so far into the engagement that 1 simply: if you have lost this battle, another time you will be the may strike one stroke with my sword." The knights replied, they conqueror." After he had said this, he, took mde bridle of the king's would directly lead him forward; and in order that they might not horse, and led him off by force; for hlie had before entreated of him lose him in the crowd, they fastened all the reins of their horses to retire The king rode on until he came to the castle of la Broyes, together, and put the king at their head, that he might gratify his where he found the gates shut, for it was very dark, The king wish, and advanced toward the enemy. The lord Charles of Bohe- ordered the governor of it to be summoned: he came upon the mia, who already signed his name as king of Germany, and bore the battlements, and asked who it was that called at such an hour? arms, had come in good order to the engagement; but when he per- The king answered, "Open, open, governor; it is the fortune of ceived that it was likely to turn out against the French, he departed, France." The governor, hearing the king's voice, immediately and I do not well know what road he took. The king, his farther, descended, opened the gate, and let down the bridge. The king had rode in among the enemy, and made good use of his sword; for and his company entered the castle; but he had only with him five he and his companions had fought most gallantly. They had advanced barons, sir John of Hainault, the lord Charles of Montmorency, the so far that they were all slain; and on the morrow they were found lord of Beaujeu, the lord of Aubigny, and the lord of Montfort. on the ground, with their horses all tied together. The king would not bury himself in such a place as that, but, having The earl of Alengon advanced in regular order upon the English, taken some refreshments, set out again with his attendants about to fight with them; as did the earl of Flanders, in another part. midnight, and rode on, under the direction of guides who werewell These two lords, with their detachments, coasting, as it were, the acquainted with the country, until, about daybreak, he came to archers, cam"e to the prince's battalion, where they fought valiantly Amiens, where he halted. This Saturday the English never quitted;for a length of time. The king of France was eager to march to the their ranks in pursuit of any one, but remained on the field, guarding place where he saw their banners displayed, but there was a hedge of their position, and defending themselves against all who attacked archers before him. He had that day made a present of a handsome them. The battle was ended at the hour of vespers. black horse to sir John of Hainault, who had mounted on it a knight,,,f his, called sir John de Fusselles, that bore his banner: which horse rtan off with him, and forced his way through the English army, and, CHPTE CX X. P. ~~~~~~~~C HAP T ER C X XX.,when about to return, stumbled and fell into a ditch and severely,,wounded him: he would have been dead, if his page had not fol- TE ENIS ON THE MORO AGiN DEFEAT TE RENC dowed him round the battalions, and found him unable to rise: he WHEN, on the Saturday night, the English heard no more hooting,had nat, however, any other hindrance than from his horse; for the or shouting, nor any more crying out to particular lords or their English did not quit the ranks that day to make prisoners. The page banners, they looked upon the field as their own, and their enemies,alighted, and raised him up; but he did not return the way he came, as beaten. They',ade great fires, and lighted torches because of:,as he woul.d have found it difficult from the crowd. This battle, the obscurity of the night. King Edward then came down from his.which was fought on the Saturday between la Broyest and Crecy, post, who all that day had not put on his helmiet, and, With his whole -was very murderous and cruel; and many gallant deeds of arms were battalion,advanced to the prince of Wales, whom he embraced in his iperformedithat were never known. Toward evening, many knights arms and kissed, and said, "Sweet son, God give you good perse.;and squires ofithe French had lost their masters: they wandered up verance: you are my son, for most loyally have you acquitted your-;and downthe:piain, attacking the English in small parties: they self this day: you are worthy to be a sovereign." The prince were soon destroyed; for the English had determined that day to bowed down very low, and humbled himself, giving all the honor to:give no quarter, or hear of ransom from any one. the king his father. The English, during the night, made frequent Early in the day, some Frencn, Germans, and Savoyards, had thanksgivings to the Lord, for the happy issue of the day, and with. ibroken, through the archers of the prince's battalion, and had engaged out rioting; for the king had forbidden all riot or noise. On the with the men-at-arms; upon which the second battalion came to his Sunday morning, there was so great a fog that one could scarcely see'aid, and it was time, for otherwise he would have been hard pressed. the distance of half an acre. The king ordered a detachment firom'The first division, seeing the danger they were in, sent a knightt in the army, under the command of the two marshals, consisting of;great haste to the king of England, who was posted upon an emi- about five hundred lances and two thousand archers, to make an nence, near a windmill. On the knight's arrival, he said, " Sir, the excursion, and see if there were any bodies of French collected,earl of Warwick, the lord Reginald Cobham, and the others who are together. The quota of troops from Rouen and Beauvais, had, this;about your son, are vigorously attacked by the French; and they en- Sunday morning, left Abbeville and St. Ricquier in Ponthieu, to treat that you would come to their assistance with your battalion, for, join the French army, and were ignorant of the defeat of the preced-,if their numbers should,increase, they fear he will have too much to ing evening: they met this detachment, and, thinking they must be -do." The king replied, "Is my son dead, unhorsed, or so badly French, hastened to join them. woundedthat he cannot support himself?" "Nothing of the sort, As soon as the English found who they were, they fell upon them; thafrik God," rejoinedathe knight; but he is in so hot an engagement and there was a sharp engagement; but the French soon turned.;that he has great need of your help." The king answered, "Now, their backs, and fled in great disorder. There were slain in this:sir Thomas, return'back.tothose that sent you, and tell them from flight in the open fields, under hedges and bushes, upward of seven;me, not to send againfor methis day, or expect that I shall come, let thousand; and had it been clear weather, not one soul would have'what will happen, as' long as my son has life; and say, that I comrn- escaped. ~mand them to let the boy win his spurs; for I am determined, if it imand them t~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~o lttebywnhssus o mdtriei tpyned the archers of the princes batayle, and came and 1bught with the men at armed iplease God, that all. the glory and honor of this day shall be given to oyned the archers of de princesbatayle a'nd came and uht withsocour the meprince's hande to haade. Than the second hatayte of thenglyshe men cameto soceur the prince's'him, and to those into whose care I have intrusted him." The knight batayle, the whiche was tyme, for they had as than moche ado, and they with the:returned to his lords, and related the king's answer, which mightily prince sent a messangar to the kynge who was on a lytell wyndmill hill. Than the ncuraged them, and made thei repent they had ever sent such a kyght sayd to the kyng, Sir therle of Warwyke and therle of Cafort (Stafford) Sir Reynolde Cobham and other such as be about the prince your sonne are feersly fbught ge thmadmae epenthehaevesensucawith all, and are sore handled, wherefore they desire you that you and your btayle well come and ayde them, for if the frenchemen encrease as they dout they well your sonne * His blindness was supposed to he caused by poison, which was given to him when and ttey shall have moche a do. Than the kynge sayde, is my sonne deed or hurt or on engaged in tihe wars of Italy. —BoNmev. Jlfsm. de 1' ylcadimie. vol. xxiii. the yetrhe felled? No, sir, quoths the knight, buthe is hardely matched wherfore he hath t A village in Picardy, election of Mondidier. nede of your ayde. Well sayde the kyng, retourne to hym and to them that sent yoe: Sir Thomas Norwich. —MSS. hyther, and say to them that they sende no more to me for any adventure that falleth as ~ Tie style of Lord Berners, in many instances, is so different from the mode of expres- long as my sonne is alyve; and also say to them that they suffer hym this day to wynne saan adopterd by Mr. Jotnes, as almost to makethe parallel passage appear a distinct nar- his spurres, for if God be pleased, I woll this tourney be his and the honoore thmerof siad rative, and in such cases it is interesting to compare the two translations. The following to them that be aboute hym. Than the knyght retourned agayn to them and shewed h Lord Berners' version of this narration. —ED. the Imynges wordes, the which greatly encouraged them, and repoyned in that they hal In thme nornyng the day of the batayle certayne frenchemen and almaygnes verforce sende to the kynge as they dyd." CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 83 A little time afterwards, this same party fell in with the archbishop and gave to each two sterlings, as charity and alms, for which many of Rouen and the great prior of France, who were also ignorant of of them prayed earnestly for the king. the discomfiture of the French: for they had been informed that the king was not to fight before Sunday. Here began a fresh battle: for those two lords' were well attended by good men-at-arms; however, C H A P T E R CXXX I I I. they could not withstand the English, but were almost all slain, with the two chiefs who commanded them; very few escaping. In THE DUKE OF NORMANDY RAISES THE SIEGE OF AIGUILLON. the course of the morning, the English found many Frenchmen who THE duke of Normandy, whom we left before Aiguillon, which had lost their road on the Saturday, and had lain in the open fields, he was besieging, and sir Walter Manny and the other knights who not knowing what was become of the king, or their own leaders. were within it, made, about the middle of August, a skirmish before The English put to the sword all they met: and it has been assured the castle, which increased so much that almost his whole army was to me for fact, that of foot soldiers, sent from the cities, towns and engaged in it. Near about this time, the lord Philip of Burgundy, municipalities, there were slain, this Sunday morning, four times as earl of Artois and of Boulogne, and cousin-german to the duke, many as in the battle of Saturday. arrived. He was a very young knight: as soon as this skirmish commenced, he armed himself, and, mounting a handsome steed, stuck spurs into him, in order to hasten to the combat; but the horse, ~ C H A P T E R C X X X I. taking the bit between his teeth, ran off with him, and, in crossing a ditch, fell into it, upon the knight, who was so grievously bruised THE ENGLISH NUMBER THE DEAD SLAIN AT THE BATTLE OF CRECY. D SLAIN AT THE BATTLE OF that he never recovered, and in a short time died. Soon afterwards, TaIs detachment, which had been sent to look after the French, the king of France sent to his son, the duke of Normandy, to lay returned as the king was coming from mass, and related to him all all other things aside, and raise the siege, in order to return directly that they had seen and met with. After he had been assured by into France, to defend his inheritance against the English. The them that there was not any appearance of the French collecting duke, upon this, demanded advice from the earls and barons there another army, he sent to have the numbers and condition of the dead present; for he had vowed he would never move from thence until examined. he had the castle, and all within it, in his power: but they assured He ordered on this business, lord Reginald Cobham, lord Stafford, him, since the king, his father, had so expressly ordered him to re. and three heralds to examine their arms,* and two secretaries to turn, he might comply without' any forfeiture of his honor. On the write down all the names. They took much pains to examine all morrow, at break of day, therefore, the French decamped, and, trus. the dead, and were the whole day in the field of battle, not returning sing up tents and baggage with great haste, took the road for France. but just as the king was sitting down to supper. They made to him The knights who were in Aiguillon, seeing this, armed themselves, a very circumstantial report of all they had observed, and said, they and mounting their horses, sallied forth; the pennon of sir Walter had found eighty banners, the bodies of eleven princes, twelve hun- Manny taking the lead, fell upon the French, who were scarcely dred knights, and about thirty thousand common men. all marched off, cut down and slew numbers, and took upward cf The English halted there that day, and on the Monday morning forty prisoners, whom they brought back to the castle. From them prepared to march off. The king ordered the bodies of the principal they learned the successful campaign the king of England had made knights to be taken from the ground, and carried to the monastery in France, and that at present he was laying siege to Calais. Before of Montenay, which was hard by, there to be interred in consecrated the king of France left Amiens, after the battle of Crecy, to go for ground. He had it proclaimed in the neighborhood, that he should Paris, he was so much enraged against sir God6mar du Fay, for not grant a truce for three days, in order that the dead might be buried. having done his duty in defending the ford of Blanchetaque, by He then marched on, passing by Montrieul-sur-mer.t which means the English had entered Ponthieu, that he had deterHis marshals made an excursion as far as Hesdin,; and burntVau- mined to hang him; to which many of his council also were inclined, bain and Serain; but they could make nothing of the castle, as it for they were desirous that sir Godemar should make some amends, was too strong and well guarded. They lay that Monday night upon by his death, for the defeat the king had suffered at Crecy, and called the banks of the Canche, near Blangy. The next day they rode him traitor; but sir John of Hainault excused him, and averted the toward Boulogne, and burnt the towns of St. Josse and Neufchatel:- king's anger, by saying that it would have been difficult for him to they did the same to Estaples, in the country of the Boulonois. The have resisted the English army, when all the flower of the French whole army passed through the forest of Hardelou, and the country nobility could do nothing. Soon after this, the duke of Normandy of the Boulonois, and came to the large town of Wisant, where the arrived in France, where he was joyfully received by his parents, the king, prince, and all the English lodged; and having refreshed them- king and queen. selves there one whole day, they came, on the Thursday, before the strong town of Calais. CHAPTER CXXXIV. C H A P T E R C X X X I I. SIR WALTER MANNY, BY MEANS OF A PASSPORT, RIDES THROUGH FRANCE, FROM AIGUILLON TO CALAIS. rHE KING OF ENGLAND LAYS SIEGE TO CALAIS-THE POORER SORT OF THE INHABITANTS ARE SENT OUT OF IT. ABOUT this time, sir Walter Manny had a conversation with a A sURGUNDr knight, named sir John de Vienne, was governor of great knight from Normandy, whom he detained as his prisoner, and asked him, what sum he was willing to pay for his ransom? The Calais; and with him were sir Arnold d'Andreghen, sir John de Su- asked him, what sum he was willing to pay for his ransom? The ie, sir Bardo de Bellebourne, sir Geoffry de la Motte, sir Pepin de knight replied, " Three thousand crowns." Upon this, sir Walter ere, and many other knights and squires. On the king's arrival said, "I know you are related to the duke of Normandy, much beWere, and many other knights and squires. On the king's arrival loved by him, and one of his privy councillors. I will let you free before Calais, he laid siege to it, and built between it and the river loved by hono, and one of his privy councillors I will from him a and bridge, houses of wood: they were laid out in streets, and thatched upon your honor, if you will go to the duke, and obtain from him a andwith strawidge or broom: and ind: thisey were laid of the king' streets, and thathere was passport for myself and twenty others, that we may ride through wieverything necessar y form: and in this town of the king's, there was France, as far as Calais, paying courteously for whatever we may there were markets, every Wednesday and Saturday, for- butchers' want; if therefore you obtain this from the king, I shall hold you meat, and all other sorts of merchandise: cloth, bread, and everything free from your ransom, and also be much obliged to you; for I have a great desire to see the king of England, and will not remain in else, which came from England, and Flanders, might be had there, a great desire to more than one king of Englyou cannotd will not remain i as well as all comforts, for money. The English made frequent any town more than one night. If you cannot accomplish it, you excursion well as all comforts, for money.ighborhood, and to the gates of St. will return in a month to this fortress, as to your prison." The knight excursions to Guinesl] and its neighborhood, and to the gates of St. set out for Paris, and having obtained from the duke the passport, Omer and Boulogne, from whence they brought great booties back set out for Paris, and having obtained from the duke the passport, to the and rmy. The king made no attacks upon the town, as he knew returned with it to sir Walter at Aiguillon, who acquitted him of his to the army. r The king made no attacks upon the town, as he knew ransom. Sir Walter, shortly afterwards, set out With twenty horse, it would be only lost labor; and he was sparing of his men and artil. ransom. Sir Walterwards, set out ith tenty horse, lery; but said, he would remain there so long that he would starve and took and, at every place he stopped, showed his passport, and washe the town into a surrender, unless the king of France should come was, and, at every place he stopped, showed his passport, and was there to raise the siege. When the governor of Calais saw the pre directly set at liberty; but at Orleans he was arrested, although he theparations othe siege WEnnd he governor of Calais saw the poor showed his papers, and from thence conducted to Paris, where he parations of the king of England, he collected together all the poor was confined in the prison of the ChAtelet. When the duke of Nor. inhabitants, who had not laid in any store of provisions, and, one mandy heard of it, he went immediately to the king and remonstrated Wednesday morning, sent upward of seventeen hundred men, wo- with him on the subject, because sir Walter Mannyhad had his passmen and children, out of the town. As they were passing through the English army, they asked them, why they had left the town? They port through his means, and demanded that he should, as soon as replied, because they had nothing to eat. The king, upon this, possible, be set at liberty; otherwise it would be said that he had allowed them to pass through in safety, ordered them a hearty dinner, betrayed him. The king answered, that he intended putting him to'___________________________ _ odeath, for he looked upon him as one of his greatest enemies. Upon In thosedays, knights, orpersons of note, wore overtheir armor a surcoat, having which the duke said, that if he put his intentions in execution, he heir arms blazoned upon it. This may beseen in any old paintingosof that age. would never bear arms against the king of England, and would pre. t In Picardy, diocese of Amiens. vent all those dependent on him from doing the same. Very high ~ Iln Artis.sitsatedo the Canehe, diocese ofi EArras. words passed between them; and he left the king, declaring he would U In Picardy two leagues and a half from Calais. It was in the possession of the never serve in any of his armies, so long as Waiter Manny should UBliah abose two hundred years remain in prison. 84 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. Things remained in this situation along time. There was a knight it on one side; for he had not forces sufficient to surround it. HIe from Hainault, named sir Mansart d' Aisnes, who was eager to serve immediately made an assault; but the townsmen of the poorer sort sir Waltez, but had great difficulty in getting access to the duke of were so numerous, though little prepared for such an attack, and deNormandy: however, at last the kling was advised to let sir Walter fended the town so well, that the earl's people gained nothing: they out of prison, and to pay him all his expenses. The king would retired to their quarters much fatigued. On the morrow some of the have sir Walter to din:e with him in the h6tel de Nesle at Paris; earl's knights armed themselves, rode'round the town, and afterwhen he presented him with gifts and jewels tothe amount of a thou- wards made their report to him of what they had seen and heard sand florins. Sir Walter accepted of them, upon condition, that There was then a council held; and it was resolved to attack th3 when he got to Calais he should inform the king, his lord, of it; and town in three different places at once the next day, a'nd to post the if it were agreeable to his pleasure, he would keep them, otherwise greater number of the men-at-arms and archers at the weakl-est part; he would send them back. The king and duke said, that he had which was executed. Bpoken like a loyal knight. Sir Walter then took leave of them, It happened, that at that time there was not any gallant knight in rode on by easy day's journeys to Hainauklt, and remained, to refresh the town who knew what deeds of arms were; nor were they pro. himself, three days in Valenciennes. He arrived at Calais, where vided with any accustomed to wars, that might advise them how piro he was well received by the king of England, who, upon being in- perly to defend themselves. The earl's people, therefore, at this formed by sir Walter of the presents he had had from the king of assault entered the town at the weakest part: and, when those within France, said, "Sir Walter, you have hitherto most loyally served us, saw themselves thus conquered, they fled for the fastest out of the and we hope you will continue to do so; send back to king Philip other gates, for there were many. Upward of seven hundred were his presents, for you have no right to keep them: we have enough, slain; for the earl's people put every one to the sword, men, women thank God, for you and ourselves, and are perfectly well disposed to and little children. The city was instantly plundered, and was full do you all the good in our power, for the services you have rendered of wealth, as well of its own inhabitants, as of those in the neighborus." Sir Walter took out all the jewels, and, giving them to his hood, who had retired into it as to a place of safety. The army decousin, the lord of Mansac, said, " Ride into France, to king Philip, stroyed many churches, committed great waste, and would have done and recommend nme to him; and tell him, that I thank him many much more, if the earl had not forbidden, under pain of death, times for the fine jewels he presented me with, but that it is not that either church or house should be set on lire; for he was desirous agreeable to the will and pleasure of the king of England, my lord, of remaining there ten or twelve days. Part of' the disorders were thatf I retain them." The knight did as he was commanded; but stopped, but much thieving still continued. The earl renlainedin the the king of France would not take back the jewels: he gave them city twelve days: he might have stayed longer had he chosen it, for to the lord of Mansac, who thanked the king for them, and had no no one came to oppose him, and the whole country tlembled: nonr inclination to refuse them. dared to show themselves out of their strong garrisons. Ile left Poi., tiers empty, for its size rendered it untenable. The army at its departure was so laden with the riches they had found there, that they CHAPTER CXXX V. made no account of clothes, unless they were of gold and silver, or TI-TE EARL OF DERBY TAKES MANY TOWNS AND CASTLES IN POITOU, AND trimmed with fisrs.' They returned by easy marches to St. Jean THE CITY OF POITIERS. d'Angely, where they remained for some time. The carl durins tiis stay made h~andsome presents to the ladies and d~amsels of ithe town~I fr has been before mentioned, that the earl of Derby had remained stay made handsone presont to the ladies and dasels of the town, and almost every day gave them grand dinners or suppers. lie en. in the city of Bordeaux during the siege of Aiguillon. As soon s livened them so much that he acquired great popularity and they he was informed that the duke of Normandy had raised the siege, he poblicly said, he was the most noble prince that ever mounted stood. issued out his summons to all knights and squires in Gascony that On his taking leave of them, lie made the niyor and principal citiwere attached to the English. In obedience to which, there canie to enw their ot, tht tey wol eep and defend the town, zeuis renew their oath, thrat they wvould keep and defend the town, as Bordeaux the lords d'Albret, de l'Esparre, de Rosem, do Mucidan, the legal inheritance of the king of England. The earl then rods on de Pumiers, de Courton, de Bouque-on, sir Aymery de Traste, and with with his whole army to Bordeaux. passing by the fortresses he had many others. The earl collected twelve hundred men-at-arms, twod, when lie di p, and gave them any tha conquered, when lie dismissed his troops, and gave them many thaitics thousand archers, and three thousand infantry. With these he eemisd hse for the serlvices theyhad 2lone. crossed the Garonne, between Bordeaux and Blayes, and toolk the road for Saintonge. He first came before Mirabeau, which he toolk by assault as well as the castle; and, having placed therein a garrison of his own men, rod CHAPTE~~~~~C ~I I P ER CXXXV1. $ I son of his own men, rode on to Aulnay,t which he also took and its C H A P T E R C X X X V I. castle, and then Benon{ and Surgeres:~ but they could make nothing TIE KING OF SCOTLAND, DURING THE SIEGE OF CALAIS, INVADES of the castle of Marans,Il which is about three leagues from la Rn- ENGLAND. chelle: they pushed on, therefore, to Montaigne-sur-mer in Poitou, I TAVE been silent some time respecting the king of Scotland; which they toolk and re-garrisoned. They then advanced to Lusig- but until this moment I have not had anything worth relating; for, nan~ and burnt the town, but could not gain the castle. They next as I have before said, mutual truces had been granted between him marched to Taillebourg,** and, having conquered the bridge, town and the kig of E land, which had not bt infried. Durin the and the king of En'gland, which had not been infringed. During th-e and castle, put all the inhabitants to the sword, because they had in time the ing of ngnd was carrying o te siege of Cla, the time the king of.!?rngland was carrying, on the siege of Calais, the the assault killed a valiant knight. The whole country was so much Scos determined t me war upon him, tinking it a good ppor Sct determined to rmake war -upon him, thinking it a good oppor. alarmed that they fled before the English, leaving their houses enmpty tunity to be revenged for the many disasters he had brought on them and defenceless, to shut themselves up in the fortified towns. There England had at that time very few men-at-nrms, as tIe king had a was not any appearance of opposition from the knights and squires wpo rts and suiresgreat number with him before Calais, as well as in his other armies of Saintonge, who had retired to their fortresses, without making anyin Brittany, Poiton, and Gascony. The king of France tool grea in Brittatny, Poitou, and Gascony. T~he k~ing of France took great effort to combat the English. TheearlofDerbyt las came beor thi twofS.Ja pains to foment this war, in order that the English might have so The earl of Derby at last came before the town of St. Jean d'An- n i-uch to employ themselves at home as would oblige them to raise. gely,tt and immediately began an attack upon it. There were not h emo thslv tm th ttis In ~~~~~~~~~the sieg-e of Calais, and return to England. in the town any men-it-aros; and at vespers, when the attack e as nearl ended, sr W aria and at vespers, wothen the anttac was King David issued his summons for a parliament to be holden at nearly ended, sir William de Rin, mayor of the town, and the prin- Prth; which was attended by the earls, prelates, and barons of Scotcipal inhabitants, sent to demand passports for six of the citizens to ld, who wre unanimous for invadin Engand as speedily as pos come and treat with the earl: it was granted them for that night, and sible. Raynld, lord of the isles, wiso governed the wild Scots, ad Zn sable. Raynauld, lord of the isles, who governed the wild Scots, and the whole of the next day. On the morrow, these citizens cams to whom alone they obeyed, was sent to, aid entreated to attend the the earl in his tent, and swore to be good Englishmen as long as the parliament. Ie complied with ths request, and brought tree thouking of England, or any one from him, would keep them in peace sand of the wildest of his countrynen with him. When all thi from the French-. The earl refreshed himself in the town for four Scots were assembled, they amounted together to about forty thoudays, and received the homage of the inhabitants: he then advanced sand combatants: but they could not make their preparation' so to Niort,tt of which sir Goiscard d'Angle was governor. Hle made secretly as to prevent news of it coming to the knowledge of the three attacks upon it; but inot gaining anything, he passed on, and queen of England, who had taken up her residence in the north, came to the village of St. Maximilen, which he took by storm, and slew near the borders. She wrote, and sent summons to all that were all that were within it. He next marched to Montreuil Bonin,' attached to England to come to York by a certain day. Many menwhere there were upward of two hundred coiners, who were mint-. tarms ad archers, who ad remained at home, put themselves in at-arims and archers, who had remained at home, put themselves in ing money for the king of France, and who declared that they would motion, and advanced to Newcastle-upon-Tyne, which the queen not obey the summons of the earl; but there was so sharp an assault d appointed as the final place of rendezvous. In the meanwhile, ade on i~t,,that the town was taken and all within put to death. The the Scots set out from Perth, and advanced the first day to Dunfermearl placed ae new garrison in the castle, and advanced to Poitiers, line; the next day they crossed a small arm of the sea; but the king which is a large s~trTgling city: he could only therefore lay siege to went to Stirling, crossed the water there on the morrow, and came to Edinburgh. Here they halted and numbered their men. There * A town im Poiton, diocese of Poitiers. t A town in Poitou. $ A town in Ancenis. ~ A town in Ancenis. * The original, according to D. Sauvage's edition, rnis thus' "qu'ils ne faisoietn A a town in Ancenis. ~ A town in Poitiu. copte de praps: fors d'or et d'argect, et de penaes." The meining here is not very ~'* A town in Saintonge, three leagues from Saintes. clear, mnd Mr. Johnes has endeavored ito overcomue tihe difficulty by substituting fimm tfor tt In Saintonge, diocese of Saintes. feathers. The a.uthor probabhly intiendled to say, that they made no account of cloth l A city in Poitou, nineteen leagues from Poitiers. except it was oi gold or silver, nor of anytiming eise except feathers. Lord Berners sayr, 4 A town in Poitou, three leagues from Poitiers. "they sette by nothynge but gold amd myluer and fethers for men of warre." —ED. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &- were full three thousand knights and squires, well armed, and thirty X whence they began to destroy and burn the country of Cumberland thousand others, mounted on galloways. They marched to Rox- Some of their scouts advanced as far as York, where they burnt all without the walls and down the river, and returned to their army, within one day's march of Newcastle. ___ CHAPTER CXXXVII. THE BATTLE OF NEVILLE'S CROSS. THE queen of England, who was very anxious to defend her king. dom, and guard it from all disturbers, in order to show that she was in earnest about it, came herself to Newcastle-upon-Tyne. She took up her residence there, to wait for tile forces she expected from dif. ferent parts of the kingdom. The Scots, who were informed that - Newcastle was the place of rendezvous of the English army, advanced thither, and sent their vanguard to skirmish near the town; who, on their return, burnt some hamlets adjoining to it. The smoke and - flames came into the town, which made the English impatient to d A-mp sally out upon those who had done this mischief, but their leaders!-'>/ 7-' | ~ m~mmg ---—.would not permit them. On the morrow, the king of Scotland, with full forty thousand men, including all sorts, advanced within three \'/St~ffiX X \W\X\\X2 Ishort English miles of Newcastle, and took up his quarters on the hand of the lord Neville. He sent to inform the army in the town,'~ i]~ that, if they were willing to come forth, le would wait for them and \, which lie acknowledges bei'relhand of England, who at that time was very big with child, fell on her the services this citizen may render him, either by keepins good order in tihe town of knees, and with tears said, "Ah, gentle sir, since I have crossed the Calais, or in watching over its security. Here then is this fimous'St. Pierre, one dany the sea with great danger to see you, I have never asked you one favor: hers, amd the next the complaaisant betrayer of his country; one moment theiobject of th e revenige and cruelty of Edward, thie next of his confidence and favor. Tie interests now, I most humbly ask as a gift, for:the sake of the Son of the fthis prince forced him to a necessary rigor. He wished to preserve Calais,as it opened blessed Mary, and for your love to me, that you will be merciful to to himn an entrance into France: and hlie could not leave their inhabitants too much these six men." The king looked at her for some time in silence, attamehed to their own country not to hate its destroyer. Those who refused to swear and then said; Ah, lady, I wish that you had been anyhere else fidelity to him were obliged to quit the town, and maike room Sir a new populaition thand theres: yu hae etatdyI winsh a ethat In c-annerefse imported from England:; andthis St. Pierre, this St. Pierre whose noble courage should than here: you have entreated in such a manner that I cannot refuse have rendered, him the most to be dreaded, is one of those whom the conqueror retains. you; I therefore give them to you, to do as you please with them." and who is by him charged to overlook the conduct of iithiers. The queen conducted the six citizens to her apartments, and had the "TThe English monarch certainly showsed signs of severity. We see, by the letter he halters takei from round their iecks, after which she new clothed wrote to the archbishop of Canterbury, that when Philip, encamped.near'to Calais, had, demainded, as a preliminary of peace, that the inhabitanits should have liberty to qumit them, and served them with a plentiful dinner: she then presented the town withitheir fortunes, it was refused: and when Edwvard.granted,to the huamiian each with six, nobles, and had them escorted out of the camp in tion of thi townsmen what tIe had refused to Philip, lie only detained'as prisoners sone safety.* of the principal citizens; but detainming them as prisoners is very riffesent from having _____________Ithem put to death beforebis eyes. This kingof France did not forsake thi miseramib " Froissirt alonsanoaog Ilila contemporaries relates this remarkrablo fatct: amid time. Cahesians whmsm they were ririvems out of their toxin, but gave them all this office~s xvhdehh simplicity oh'. his style, may give even tins fatnle thins appearanece of' truth. Edw ard was. wore thsn vacaist in hsis~rsahm, with powers. to sell thiemo, or exercise them by dteputies. generous: he is here memneesented as a fsreloiomss conqlueror, whom love alone could: t-i aiso granted th~eis handed or other estaten ilnat mielit eselieat to this crows. Bute so fn, and vhio obsshiastely persists to pumnish a nouns-ge xviiiih Ins. ought to Inave es whlether these resources came too hate, or were insufficient; svlethser thin moinsarchm met teemed. Time actismi of these six resns, thus devotimng themselves for their feltimu ciii- w~ithi eommtraiictiens ins these acts of beneficence, it is asserted that a. great number of minis svmas suhiciemithy great to Iliars linen trsnilpeted t hlnesun sh F1 ransceby thin thousand the Calesimna myers reduced to beggary." amidc thsininspamis voices oh Fa~nie. Th~is anuso, unosever~, brilliant a.s it xvns, and wh~Iich La E3ascc anna leas ian Presnici~s Faintis thinssrrrethes intrien omit of Cumlais winiuhm hnmive spoiines of everyehierle, xvas tninnioxen rn uase Al Leseaqec, pp 518, &c. thme capital. If it hind linen othiesrise, thin Chirmnnicln of St. hiemnis. amnmi other histories of * "'Trumpes, rahouns, nakqnayres and Iiornes." —Lao 1 asEREs. thin time. xvimnldi nut nrave liens~ sileint on the sUbjC1et and yet sot one mentions it. Ayes- 1i Margairet of Cahais was married to thin lord Johni Hastingos, earl of Pembroke brag b~ury, ma foghlishmman amid comitemporary who $s very partirulmir am to all thme circumui- died besure lier husband, without iSSUe.-BARE5S. 99 CCHRONICLES O eNGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. allowed to carry off any of their furniture or wealth; and they re- The town of Donzere* was treated in this manner; and many otkel ceived no assistance from the king of France, for whom they had towns and castles were taken, and afterwards ransomed. Amnong lost their all. They did, however, as well as they were able; and other robbers in Languedoc, one had marked out the strong castle of the greater part,vent to St. Omer.* Cobourne in Limosin, which is situated in a very strong country. The cardinal Guy de Boulogne, who was come into France as He set off in the night-time with thirty companions, and took and de embassador, and was with his cousin king Philip in the city of stroyed it. He seized also the lord of Cobourne, whomrn h. inipris. Amiens, labored so earnestly, that he obtained a truce between the oned in his own castle, and put all his household to death. le kep' two kings and their adherents, which was to last for two years. him in prison until he ransomed himself for twenty-four thousand This truce was agreed to by all parties except the rivals for the duchy crowns paid down. The robber kept possession of the castle ansi of Brittany; but there the two)adies carried on the war against each dependencies, which he furnished with provisions, and shence made other. The king and queen reourned to England; and sir Aymery war upon all the country round about. The king of France, s}hort[v de Pavie was appointed governor of the castle of Calais: he was a afterwards, was desirous of having him near his person: he pur. native of Lombardy, and had been much promoted by the king.t chased the castle for twenty thousand crowns, appointed hin ilns The king sent the thirty-six substantial citizens, with their wives and usher-at-arms, and heaped on him many other honors. The name f-amilies, to Calais: their number increased daily; for he multiplied of this robber was Bacon, and he was always mounted on handsome and enlarged their privileges so much, that many were eager to go horses of a deep roan color, or on large palfreys, apparelled like an there, in order to gain fortunes.t earl, and very richly armed; and this state he maintained as long as ADout tnis time the lord Charles of Blois, who called himself the he lived. duke of Brittany, was brought prisoner to london. He was sent to the Tower, but not as a close prisoner, where the king of Scotland and the earl of Moray were also confined. He did not, however, long remain there, but at the entreaties of the queen of England, to CHAPT R CX V II. whom he was cousin-germnan, was set at liberty on his parole, and A FGE, OF THE NAE OF CROQUART, TURNS ROBBER. rode all over London wherever he pleased; but he was not permitted THEREwere similar disorders in Brittany; and robbers carried on to lie a night out of the Tower, except it was in such places where the like methods of seizing and pillaging different towns and cas the royal family were.~ The earl of Eu and Guines was also in ties, and then selling them back again to the country at a dear rate London a prisoner: he was a ]ery gallant knight, and so amiable by which means many of their leaders became very rich. Among that he was always well received by the king, queen, barons, and others, there was one of the name of Croquart, who was originally ladies of the court. but a poor boy, and had been page to the lord d'Ercle in Holland. When this Croquart arrived at manhood, he had his discharge, and went to the wars in Brittany, where he attached himself to a man. CH APTE R CXLVII. at-arms, and behaved very well. It happened, that in some skirA ROBBER, OF THE NAME OF BACON, DOES stUCII sIISCHIEF IN LANGUEDOC. tuish his master was taken and slain; when, in recompense for his ALL this year of the truce, the kings remained at peace. But prowess, his companions elected him their leader in the place of his late master; he then made such profit by ransoms, and the taking lord William Douglas, and the Scots, who had taken refuge in the late master; he ten made such proit by ransoms, and the taking forest of Jedworth, carried on the wr against the English, wherever of towns and castles, that he was said to be worth full forty thousand they coul d meet with them. Those in Gascony, Poitou, and Sain- vr adoeadsrnado epra oo.H a h they could mneet. wyith them. Those in G-ascony, Poirou, and Sam- cr owns, not including his horsee, of which he had twenty or thirty, tonge, as well French as English, did not observe the truce any yety handsome and strong, and of a deep roan color. He had the better, but conquered towns and castles from each other, by force or puttion of beig the most expert man-at-arms of the cotry, was intrigue, and ruined arnd destroyed the country day and night.inti-igue, and ruined and destroyed the country day and ni ht, chosen to be one of the thirty that engaged against a similar num. hre were frequently gllnt deeds of arms performed, with aler er, and was the most active combatant on the side of the English. I,late success. anI~te success. took ~maKingr John of France made him the offer of knighting him, and Poor rogues took advantage of such times, and robbed both towns aying him very richly, if he would uit the Engli party, an wd castles; so that some of them, becomling rich, constituted them- promised to give him two thousand livres a-year; but Croquart would es captais of bands of thieves: there were among them those never listen to it. It chanced one day, as he was riding a young worth caprty thousand crowns. Their method weas, to marke out te horse, which he had just purchased for three hundred crowns, and particular towns or castles, a day or tw$'s journey from each other: ws putting him to his full speed, t the horse n ay with hi, hey then collected twenty or thirty robbers, and, travellin throuh nd in leaping a ditch, stumbled into it, and broke his master's neck. they then collected twenty or thirty robbers, and, travelling through by.roads in the night-time, entered the town or castle they had fixed Such was th end of Croquart. on about daybreak, and set one of the houses on fire. When the inhabitants perceived it, they thought it had been a body of forces I A tewa of Dauphiat, oa the BAlso, electioa of Montelimart sent to destroy them, and took to their heels as fast as they could.1! t I have been much surprised that Froissart, who in general is so vers, minute in re — lating every transaction, should have omitted an account of thiis exrtrardinary engage* Wo, cubjoin Lord Berners' version of this passage; it is much more striking and ment. The relation of it which fbllows is taken from the IHistoire de Bretarire, vol. i. ffeecting. "We thynk it was great pyte of' the burgesses and other men of the towne p. 280. of Calys and women and chyldren, whan they were faTyne to forsake their houses, hery- After the death of sir Thomas Daggeworth, thie king appointed sir Was-lter B3ertly tages and goodes, and to here away nothing; and they had no restorerneat of the commander in Brittany. The rEngislh being iruch irritnated at tile deathl of' )arrgewrth,l, fienche kyng for whose sake they lost all. The most part of them went to Saynt and not being able to revenge themselves on those who slew him, did sr ori tioe wlilo omers."-ED. country by buning anid destroying it. The marsral ro learuns oiir, iesiirs o pitting t Sir John Montgomery was appointed governor of the town ofCalais, the 8th Octo- a stop to this, seat to Bembro, wio corumanded in Ploorinel, fbr a.issimt ir sld a ber, 1347, by the king at Calais; sir John Gattesden was at the same time nominated conference with him. The marshal reprobated tihe conduct of the;-lisil, and ligh marshal of thIe town. —RtymER. words passed betsreen them; for Benimbro had been the comparion in arms to I)ggeAn ancient manuscript gives the annexed establishment of the army of iking Edward worth. At last one of them proposed a combat of thirty oni each side; tile place apr Itt., in Normandy and before Calais, in the 20th year of his reign, with their several pointed fbr it was at the hallvay oak-tree between Josselin andi Plo'rsnel; and tihe day stipends: was fixed for the 27th -March, thIe fourth Sundray inii Leit, 1351. Bseauisrnroiar cshose irun.t pei- diem. knights and twenty-one squires; the first wiere, thie lord de Titeniac, rGruy de Rochte-. s. d. fort, Yves Charruel, Robin Raguenel, iuon de St. Yvon,, ro de Bodegat, (0livier My lord the prince.................0...............................1 0 0 Arrel, Geoffiry du Bois, John Rousselet, &c. Beinbro could or fiitd a suticient UrinBishoir of Durham..............................0 6 8 her of English in his garrison; there were but twenty, tihe rentaister were Gernriatis and 13 earls, each..........................................................0 6 8 Bretons. Among them were sir Robert KTnolles, Croquart, Hervo ie LesIrlel, rJohn 44 barons and bannerets...............................................0 4 0 Plesanton, IRichard and Hugh le Gillart, Jannequin Tltaillart, Ressetnrt, l nichard (e ia 1046 knights............................................................. 2 0 Lnrle, Thomnelin Billefort, Hugh Clalverly, Robiret iMlipars, Yti'ri or lsan ai,,!ohn 4022 esquires, constables, centenary, and leaders........................0 1 0 Russel, Dagorne, anrid a soldier named I-ulbit6e. of a very large size, and of great 5104 vintenars and archers on horseback................................,0 0 6 strength, &c. Bembro first entered thie field of battie, d d rew uip hris trrop. Bearma335 pauncenars. noir did the same. Each made a short lharangue to his men, exhorting themr to surp500 hobblers. port their own honor, and that of their nation. Bembiro added, there was ini old pro15,480 foot archers..........................................0 0 3 phecy of Merlin, which promised victory to the English. As they were on thIe Isiat l 314 masons, carpenters, smiths, engineers, tent-makers, miners, armorers, engagin,, Bembro made a sign to Be:snmanoir lie wished to speak to him, nund repregunners, and artillery-men —sorne at 12d., 10d., 6d., and 3d. per diem. seited le had engaged in this matter ratber imprudently; tbr such combats ought first 4474 Welsh foot, of whom 200 vintenars at...............................0 0 4 to have had tile permission of their respective princes. Beaumnanoir replied, he had Tihe rest at...................................0................. 0 2 been somewhat late in discovering this; and the nobility of Brittany would not retuirn 700 masters, constables, mariners, and pages. withont hitving proved by battle who had the fairest mistresses. The signals was given 903 siips, barges, balingers, and victualers. for tihe attack.. Tmeir arms were not similar; for each was to choose such as lie liked. Sum total for the aforesaid men, besides lords, 31,2941.; and for some men firom Ge- Billefbrt fought with a mallet 25 lbs. weirht, and others with what arms they chuse, many and France, who each receive for their wages 15 florins per month. The advantage, at first, was for the English; as the Bretons had lost five of their men. The iumn total of the walges if war, with the wages of the mariners, firom the 4th day Beammanoir exhorted them not to mind this, ais they stopped to take breath; when, of' June, in time 20th of the said king Edward, to the 12th day of October in the 21st of each party hsavinmg had some refreshments, tire combat was renewed. Pemibro was the same.king, for one year, 131 dasys, as appears from the book of purtirular accounts killed. On seeing this, Crotuart cried 2mt- Coipanions, don't hot as tiir if time of Walter XVentwnghit, then treasurer of tire household, entitled, "Wages nif War in prorphsecies of Mierlinm, but depend on our courage and arms; keep yourselves clrse tisgeNormandy, France, and before Calasis," was 127,2011. 2s. 91d. —GRos's d}ilitery tmier, be firm, and fightas I do." Beruarnoir, heing wounded, was quitting the liehl to.~,itiqruities, vol. i. p. 330. quencih iris thirst, when Geoifri du PBeis cried out, "Beaumanoir, drink thry biood, amnd c Gcoirge d Lesien, physician to Charles de Blots, and Oliver she Bignoii, his vslet de tby thirst will go off." This mtoie him ashniuameed, and retffrn to the battrle. Tire Brochsumbre, aiiiirsedl that their master was closely confinerd ftor tivo yeors; thast Ie si' s nt i~tst gsairsed the day, by trie ofutheir party breathing cm horsebh.rk thise raks of'time lsut up every night iin the tower, frosims ihvienice hie osuly cainme out to walk in the counit of Enis hi the greater part imf whsisimn were killed. Kniolles, Crlverly, and Croquurt wse-re the castle, where the Englislh soldliers insulted shimn; and tdat lie never mountedi a suore ms'ndn urrissrnos, ini carmicu ts thin rnthe of losnohim.?1istemnirs, sn tis sine us' tim uring these two years. —Hist. de Br-eta'nge, p. 278. Itstures;[, smih Croarrrnnrt, sit mthe Englishm, obttained the prize of valoIr. Such ivas the imsti, ii Lrorl Bernerrs here adds, " aird thiut ilissnne thete brigant isolhe sreoe us croier' asid [i t'Lihisse.k s crb somtoifThirtyso, so glorio us to the Pretons, hbut whiCt decicidel nntht. g bomuses and robbe and take what they lyste, snd flye away wvham times hiad (Ini.sm —-l. i as to time' lios~ssion of the ductry of Brittany. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 3 CHAPTER CXLIX. CHAPTER CL. bIR AYMERY DE PAVIE PLOTS WITH SIR GEOFFRY DE CIIARG INY TO SELL THE BATTLE OF CALAIS, BETWEEN THE KING OF ENGLAND, TINDER THE TIHE TOLWN OF CALAIS. BANNER OF SIR WALTER MANNY, WITH SIR GEOFFRY DE CHIARGN~ AND AT this time sir Geoffry de Chargny was stationed at St. Omer, to THE FRENCH. defend the frontier; and, in everything touching war, he acted as WHIEN the king of England was informed of this, and knew that if he had been king. He bethought himself, that as Lombards are the day was for a certainty fixed, he set out from England with very poor, and by nature avaricious, he would attempt to recover three hundred men-at-arms and six hundred archers. He embarked;he town of Calais, by means of Aymery de Pavie the governor: at Dover, and came so privately to Calais, that no one knew of his and as, from the terms of the truce, the inhabitants of the towns of being there. He placed his men in ambuscade in the rooms and St. Omer and Calais might go to each place to sell their different towers of the castle, and said to sir Walter Manny, " Sir Walter, I merchandises, sir Geoffiy entered into a secret treaty with sir Ay- will that you be the chief of this enterprise: and I and mly son will fight under your banner." Sir Geoffiry de Chargny had left St. Omer the latter end of Deceiber, with all the forces lie had col. on_______ __ _ twenlected, and arrived near to Calvais about midnight, the last day of' the month. IHe it! brad_ —-_ee-n halted there for his rear ___ald,~~~~~~~ he ~~to come up, and sent for. — hildre, I 1.!l th' ~to~:ward two of his squires, who found sir Aymery waiting for them; they asked if it were time for s 4et time to break tfrieohvnrcv btex il dsrnsir Geoffry to advance? the o:L The k~ "ad brought up Lombard answered that m erpidism i thtyoituc hnflfme it was. The two squires upon this returned to sir scre t. In the e time,'li lili~l~llliiii Geoffry, who marched his _______ oi his_ um men in battle anmray over _________ __llee; -the bridge ofeNeiullet: he then sent forward twelve ~.........iti~!~....,)) —~ i of. his knights, wvith one I ~~~hundred men-at.-arms,. to mean] of hls take possession of the castle of Calais; for he thought, if he had posses. sion of the castle, he should sooIn be master of the town, considering what strength he had with him; and in a few days' time he could have as much more, should there be occasion. He gave orders for twenty thousand crowns to be delivered to sir Odoart de Renty, who was in this expedition,,.::~:~a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~for him to pay to the Loni. bard; and sir Geofifry re. mained in the plain in BIATL, oF CaLAIS, between the king of England (undersir Walter de Manny) and the French —From a MS. Froissart of the 15th century. silcnce, his banner dieplayed before him, with the rest of his army; for mery, and succeeded so far that he promised to deliver up the town, his intention was to enter the town by one of its gates, otherwise on receiving twenty thousand crowns. The king of England, how-x he woe'd not enter it at all. ever, got intelligence of it, and sent to Aymery the Lombard, orders The Lombard had let down the draw-bridge of the castle, and to cross the sea immediately, and come to him at Westminster. He opened one of the gates, through which his detachment entered unobeyed; for he could not imagine that the king knew of his treason, molested; and sir Odoart had given him the twenty thousand crowns it had been so secretly carried on. When the king saw the Lonm- in a bag, who said, " he supposed they were all there; for he had bard, hlie took him aside, and said, "Thou knowest that I have in- not time to count them, as it would be day immediately." I-He flung tasted to thee what I hold dearest in this world, except my wife and the bag of crowns into a room, which he locked, and told tile French children, I mnean the town and castle of Calais, which thou hast sold he would conduct them to the great tower, that they might tile sooner to the French, and for which thou deservest death." The Lombard be masters of the castle: in saying this, lie advanced'on, and pushing flingfl hinself on his knees, and said; "Ah, gentle king, have mercy back the bolt, the door flew open. In this tower was the king of on me, for God's sake. All that you have. said is very true; but England with two hundred lances, who sallied forth, with swords and there is yet time to break the bargain, for hitherto I have not received battle-axes in their hands, crying out, " Manny! iMIanny to the one penny." The king had broug0ht up this Lombard from a child, rescue: what, do these Frenchmen think to conquer the castle of and much loved him; he replied, "Aymery, it. is my wish that you Calais with such a handful of men!" The French saw that no diecontinue on this treaty; you will inform me of the day that you are fence could save them, so they surrendered themselves prisoners to ldeliver up Calais, and on these conditions, I promise you my par- and scarcely any of them were wounded. They were na-ide to enter don." The Lombard then returned to Calais, and kept everything this tower, whence the English had sallied, and there shut in. The secret. In the mean time, sir- Geoffry de. Chargny thought himself English quitted the castle, and, forming themselves in airray, mounted sure of having Calais, and issued out privately his summons for five their horses, for they knew the French uwere mounted, and made for hundred lances; the greater part were ignorant where he intended the gate leading to Boulogne. Sir Geoffiry was there with his banner to lead them; for it was only known to a few barons. I do not displayed; his arms were three escutcheons argent on a field gules, believe he had even informed the king of France of his plan, as he!and he ws very impatient to be the fiat that sowld enter (-ii1 would hsave dissuaded him from it, on account of the truce. The He said to those knights who xxei.e near him, thit " if this Loambird Lombard had consented to deliver tip the towvvn to him, the last night delayed opening the gate, they should all die with cOld." " Iii Goil's of the year, with which he made the king of Englanid acquainted by name," replied sir Pepin de WVercm these Lombrnds are a mliciris means of his brother t sort of people; perhaps lie is examining your forins, test theri schould _______________________________________________________be any false ones, and to see_ if the_ ve right in nunbier." Di i * Poverty was not the general shaacteristiuc if the L )nii'rds, hi,:wever julstly they confidence' I therefbre think, with 5I. levesq5e. thait IAvesl xry's acc,-unt is mLrO' liy hoe chanrged with avarice; Loend iernersuiid ). Sauvige's ed. allude only to the probable. DI ictus vei{ gecuicisen.es I -!',,dme r tege i li, nghruln lhiiiniim suuin......ta Alisrmr n ti, inen sili pmnrtlsisln msiens imnnruno re. erin, e,,den) dmsinoc t,'sr Agracry die Parlee 11ls appintjiied oomnmsnnler nu the,.n Joleys by the hisyr, iltted Galfildo pacifice loiueis, i doloii suis -uu.doitus ciallidis adnji,.vit.' — A. sancitY Westmnnster, 24th April, 1'At. Sir Aymery doeli,eorn to aove firnfeited Edward', p. 18t, 94 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. this conversation, the king of England and his son advanced, under his countenance altered, and looking at him askance, hlie said, "Sir the banner of sir Walter Manny. There were many other banners Geoffry, I have but little reason to love you, when you wished to also there, such as the earl of Suffolk's, the lord Stafford's, lord John seize fromn me by stealth, last night, what had given me so much Montacute's, brother to the earl of Salisbury, the lord John Beau- trouble to acquire, and has cost me such sums of money. I am, how. champ's, the lordBerkeley's, the lord de la Waae: all these were ever, rejoiced, to have caught you thus in attempting it. You were barons having banners; and no more than these were in this expe- desirous of gaining it cheaper than I did, and thought you could par. dition. chase it for twenty thousand crowns; but, through God's assistance, The great gates were soon opened, and they all sallied out: when you have been disappointed." He then passed on, and left sir the French saw this, and heard the cries of" Manny to the rescue!" Geoffry standing, without having a word to say for himself. When they found they had been betrayed; and sir Geoffriy said to those he came to sir Eustace de Ribeaunmont, he assumed a cheerful look, around them, "Gentlemen, if we fly, we shall lose all: it will be and said, with a smile; "Sir Eustace, you are the most valiant more advantageous for us to fight valiantly, in the hopes that the knight in Christendom, that I ever saw attack his enemy, or defend day may be ours."' "By St. George," said some of the English, who himself. I never yet found any one in battle, who, body to body, were near enough to hear it, "you speak truth: evil befal him who had given me so much to do as you have done this day. I adjudge thinks of flying." They then retreated a little, and dismounted, to you the prize of valor above all the knights of my court, as what driving their horses away, to avoid being trampled on. When the is justly due to you." The king then took off the chaplet, which was king of England saw this, he halted the banner under which hewas, very rich and handsome, and placing it on the head of sir Eustace, and said, "I would have the men drawn up here in order of battle; said; Sir Eustace, I present you with this chaplet, as being the best and let a good detachment be sent toward the bridge of Nieullet; combatant this day, eitherwithin or without doors; and I beg of you for I have heard that there is posted a large body of French, on horse- to wear it this year for love of me. I know that you are lively and back and on foot." Six banners and three hundred archers left his amorous, and love the company of ladies and damsels; therefore, army, and made for the bridge of Nieullet, where they found the lord say wherever you go, that I gave it to you. I also give you your MIoreau de Fiennes, and the lord of Crequi, who guarded it. There liberty, free of ransom; and you may s-et out to-morrow, if you please, was also posted, between the bridge and Calais, the cross-bowmen and go whither you will.* from St. Omer and Aire, who had that day sharp work: more than In this same year, 1349, king Philip of France married his second six hundred were slain or drowned; for they were immediately dis- wife, at Brie-comte-Robert,t on Tuesday the 29th day of January. comnfited, and pursued to the river: it was then scarcely daybreak. She was the lady Blanche, daughter of Philip king of Navarre, who The knights of Picardy maintained this post some time; and many had died in Spain: was very well beloved; and about eighteen years gallant actions were performed; but the English kept increasing old. On the 19th of the following February, which was Shrovetide, from the town, when, on the contrary, the French fell off, so that the duke of Normandy, eldest son of the king of France, was married when they found they could not longer keep the bridge, those at St. Genevieve, near St. Germain-en-Laye, to his second wife, Jane that had horses mounted them, and betook themselves to flight. The countess of Boulogne: she was the widow of the lord Philip, son of English immediately pursued them, and many were overthrown: the duke of Burgundy, who died before Aiguillon, 1346. The but those that were well mounted escaped; among them were the countess was the daughter of earl William of Boulogne, by the lords de Fiennes, de Crequi, de Sempy, de Lonchinleich, and the daughter of Louis earl of Evreux, and held in her own right the lord of Namur. Many were taken through their own hardiness, who duchy of Burgundy, the counties of Artois, Boulogne and Auvergne, migt otherwise have saved themselves. When it was broad day- with many others. light, that each could see the other, some knights and squires collected themselves together, and vigorously attacked the English, insomuch that several of the French made good prisoners, that. brought them A D D I T IO N S, much profit.* From two 3ISS. in the Hafod Zibrary, not in any of the Printed We will now speak of the king of England, who was there incog- Copies. nito, under sir Walter Manny's banner. He advanced with his men. You have heard related how the young earl Lewis of Flanders had on foot, to meet the enemy, who were formed in close order with been betrothed to the lady Isabella, daughter of king Edward oi their pikes, shortened to five feet, planted out before them. The England, and that afterwards e had escaped from Flanders int, England, and that afterwards he had escaped from Flanders int~ first attack was very sharp and severe. The king singled out sir France, where he was joyfully received by the -king and his barons, Eustace de Ribeaumont, who was a strong and hardy knight: he who told him he had acted wisely, for that such forced marriages fought a long time marvellously well with the king, so that it was a were of no avail: and the king added, that he would otherwise ally pleasure to see them; but, by the confusion of the engagement, they him more to his honor and profit. Things remained in this state for were separated; for two large bodies met, where they were fighting, about a year. Duke John of Brabaut was not much displeased at and forced them to break off their combat. On the. side of the this; for hlie was desirous of marrying the young count of Flanders French, there was excellent fighting, by sir Geoffry de Chargny, sir to his second daughter, the eldest being countess of Hainault. He John de Landas, sir Hector and sir Gavin Ballieul, and others; but sent embassadors to king Philip, to entreat he would consent to the they were all surpassed by sir Eustace de Ribeaumont, who that day match between the count of Flanders, and his daughter: that, if he struck the king twice down on his knees: at last, however, he was consented, he would in future be his good neighbor, and that neither obliged to surrender his sword to the king, saying, " Sir knight, I sur. he no-ayo h would erbarrmagifo th kn he nor any of his children would ever bear arms again for the king render myself your prisoner, for the honor of the day must fall to the of England. ofEngland. English." All that belonged to sir Geoffry de Chargny were either The king ofFrance, who knew the duke of Brabant to be a pow. slain or captured: among the first wee sir Henry du Bois, and sir erful lard, that could hurt or assist him according to his pleasure, Pepin de Werre: sir Geoffry and the rest were taklen prisoners. The Pepin de Werre: sir Geoffry and the rest were taken prisoners. The listened to his proposal in preference to any other, and let the duke last that was taken, and who in that day excelled all, was sfr Eustace know, that if he could prevail on the states f Flanders to consent to de Rienumnt. his usinss ws fiishe undr th wals ofknow, that if he could prevail on the states of Flanders to consent to de Ribeaumont. This business was finished under the walls of 0 delRibthelaumont. Ti busness wasr d the wealr of this marriage, he would be agreeable to it, and would press it on the Ctais, thelast day of December, toward moring, in the year of earl. The duke, in his answer, engaged for the consent of the states, grace 1348. He instantly sent able commissioners to the principal towns, to negotiate with them this marriage: he treated, as I may say, sword in C H APTER CLI. hand; for he gave them to understand, that if they married the young THE KING OF ENGLAND PRESENTS A CHAPLET OF PEARLS TO SIR EuSTACE earl otherwise, he would instantly declare war against them; and, T KNOELDRE ACrT rELTSESCon the contrary, if they complied with his desire, he would unite DE RIBEAUMONT. himself strongly with them, and defend them against any other lords. WHEN the engagement was over, the king returned to the castle The councils of the principal towns heard with attention the propo. in Calais, and ordered all the prisoners to be brought before him. sals and promises the duke of Brabant, their neighbor, made them. The French then knew for the first time that the king of England They knew their young lord was not within their power, but under had been there in person, under the banner of sir Walter Manny. the direction of the king of France and the lady his mother, and that The king said he would, this evening of the new year, entertain his heart was entirely French. Upon mature consideration, therefore, them all at supper, in the castle. When the hour for supper was they thought, that as the duke of Brabant was a very powerful prince come, the tables spread, and the king and his knights dressed in new and of great enterprise, it would be much more advantageous to conr robes, as well as the French, who, notwithstanding they were prisoners, made good cheer (for the king wished it should be so:) the king * Mr. Johnes seems to have missed the exact sense of this passage; the proclaiming seated himself at table, and made those knights do the same around the giver of the chaplet, was the condition on which the knight's liberty was granted him, in a most honorable manner. The gallant prince of Wales, and The passage in lord Berners is as follows: "Than the kinge came to Syr Eustace of Ry the knights of England, served up the first course, and waited on bauont and lonsly to him he sayd, Sir Eustace ye are the knyght in the worlde that I their guests. At the second course, they went and seated them- knygh ne most valyant assayle his enemyes and defende himself, nor 1 never ftkmnde knyght that euer gaue me so moche ado, body to body, as ye haue done this day; selves at another table, where they were served and attended on wherefore I gyue you tihe price aboue all the knightes of my court by right sentamre very quietly. Than the kyng toke the chapehet that was upon his heed beyng bothe fayre goodly When supper was over, and the tables removed, the king remained and ryche, and sayd, Sir Eustace. 1 gyue you this chapelet for the best doar in armes in in the hall, among the English and French knights, bareheaded, ox- this journey past ofeyther party, and I desyre you to here it this yere for the lone of me. i~t a chaplet of fine pearls, which was round his head. e I knowe well ye be fresshe and amourouse, and often tymes be among ladyes and copt a chaplet of fine cond. -lamoselles; Sqy whem'seever ye come that I dyd gyue it yea and I quyte yoe aor'u versed with all of them: but, when he came to sir Geoffry de Chargny, pri-oe, and ransome, and ye shall depart tomorrowe if it please you." —Eo. t A market-town of Brie-Francaise, diocese and election of Paris. seven leagte's flrom ~ bloth honour and profl# — Loag B:r5Kk.~es. Pain. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 95 elude a match with him than with any one else; for by it they would the king of England, and whatever force he might have at sea. In. enjoy peace, and have their lord among them, which they very much tending to engage the English fleet, they advanced with a favorable desired. The business was so well arranged that the young earl of wind until they came opposite to Calais. The king of England being Flanders was broughtto the city of Arras, whither the duke of Brabant at sea, had very distinctly explained to all his knights the order oL sent his eldest son, the lord Godfirey earl of Mons, the earl of Los, battle he would have them follow: he had appointed thelord Robert and all his council. The principal towns of Flanders sent thither de Namur to the command of a ship called Le Salle du Roi, on board also their magistrates. Many conferences were held; and the young of which was all his household. The king posted himself in the earl and his countrymen engaged for his marriage with the daughter fore part of his own ship: he was dressed in a black velvet jacket, of the duke of Brabant, provided it were agreeable to the church. and wore on his head a small hat of beaver, which became him This had been already secured, and the dispensation from the pope much. He was that day, as I was told by those who were present, was arrived. Not long after this, the young earl came to Flanders, as joyous as he ever was in his life, and ordered his minstrels to play where all due homage was paid him; and greater powers were before him a German dance which sir John Chandos had lately ingranted to him than even his father, or any of his predecessors, had troduced. For his amusement, he made the same knight sing with enjoyed. The earl married the duke's daughter; and, by the mar- his minstrels, which delighted him greatly. From time to time he riage-articles, the towns of Mechlin and Antwerp were to revert to looked up to the castle on his mast, where he had placed a watch the earl of Flanders, after the death of the duke; but this treaty was to inform him when the Spaniards were in sight. While the king so secretly managed, that few heard of it. The duke gave so much was thus amusing himself with his knights, who were happy in see. to his daughter, that great wars were the consequence between ing him so gay, the watch, who had observed a fleet, cried out, "Ho, Flanders and Brabant in after times, as you will hear: but, as this I spy a ship, and it appears to me to be a Spaniard." The minstrels is not as yet the subject-matter of my history, I shall briefly state, were silenced; and he was asked if there were more than one: soon that the king of England was sorely vexed with all parties for this after he replied, " Yes; I see two, three, four, and so many that, marriage: with the duke of Brabant, because he was his cousin- God help me, I cannot count them." The king and his knights then german, and had carried off from his daughter the heir of Flanders, knew they must be the Spaniards. The trumpets were ordered to to whom she had been betrothed; with the earl, because he had bro- sound, and the ships to form a line of battle for the combat; as they ken his engagement with him, respecting his daughter. The duke were aware that, since the enemy came in such force, it could not sent, however, very prudent and handsome apologies; as did after- be avoided. It was, however, rather late,about the hour of vespers. wards the earl ofFlanders. The king ordered wine to be brought, which he anrid his knights drank; when each fixed their helmets on their heads. The Span. lards now drew near; they might easily have refused the battle, if ABOUT this period, there was much ill-will between the king of they had chosen it, for they were well freighted, in large ships, and England and the Spaniards, on account of some infractions and had the wind in their favor. They could have avoided speaking pillages committed at sea by the latter. It happened at this season, with the English, if they had willed, but their pride ard presumption that the Spaniards who had been in Flanders with their merchandise, made them act otherwise. They disdained to sail by, but bore in. were informed they would not be able to return home, without meet- stantly down on them, and commenced the battle. ing the English fleet. The Spaniards did not pay much attention to this intelligence: however, after they had disposed of their goods, they amply provided their ships from Sluys with arms and artillery, WHENr the king of England saw from his ship their order of battle, and all such archers, cross-bowmen and soldiers as were willing to he ordered the person who managed his vessel, saying, " Lay me receive pay. The king of England hated these Spaniards greatly, alongside the Spaniard who is bearing down on us; for I will have and said publicly: "We have for a long time spared these people; a tilt with him." The master dared not disobey the king's order, for which they have done us much harm, without amending their but laid his ship ready for the Spaniard, who was coming full sail. conduct: on the contrary, they grow more arrogant; for which reason The kiing's ship was large and stiff; otherwise she would have been they must be chastised as they repass our coasts." His lords readily sunk, for that of the enemy was a great one, and the shock of their assented to this proposal, and were eager to engage the Spaniards. meeting was more like the crash of a torrent or tempest; the rebound The king therefore issued a special summons to all gentlemen who gaused the castle in the king's ship to encounter that of the Spaniard: at that time might be in England, and left London. He went to the so that the mast of the latter was broken, and all in the castle fell coast of Sussex, between Southampton and Dover, which lies oppo- with it into the sea, when they were drowned. The English vessel, site to Ponthieu and Dieppe, and kept his comwt in a monastery, however, suffered, and let in water, which the knights cleared, and whither the queen also came. At this time and place, that gallant stopped the leak, without telling the king anything of the matter knight, lord Robert de Namur, who was lately returned from beyond Upon examining the vessel he had engaged lying before him, lIe sea, joined the king: he came just in time to be one of this arma- said; "Grapple my ship with that; for I will have possession of ment; and the king was exceedingly pleased at his arrival. On find- her." His knights replied; "Let her go her way: you shall have ing that he was not too late to meet the Spaniards on their return, better than her." That vessel sailed on, and another large ship bore the king, with his nobles and knights, embarked on board his fleet; down, and grappled with chains and hooks to that of the king. The and he was never attended by so numerous a company in any of his fight now began in earnest, and the archers and cross-bows on each former expeditions at sea. side were eager to shoot and defend themselves. The battle was not The same year the king created his cousin, Henry earl of Derby, in one place, but in ten or twelve at a time. Whenever either party duke of Lancaster, and the baron of Stafford an earl, who were now found themselves equal to the enemy, or superior, they instantly both with him. The prince of Wales and John earl of Richmond grappled, when grand deeds of arms were performed. The English were likewise on board the fleet: the last was too young to bear had not any advantage; and the Spanish ships were much larger and arms, but he had him on board because he much loved him. There higher than their opponents, which gave them a great superiority in were also in this fleet, the earls of Arundel, Northampton, Hereford, shooting and casting stones and iron bars on board their enemy, Sufbfolk, and Warwick, the lord Reginald Cobham, sir Walter Manny, which annoyed them exceedingly. The knights on board the king's sir Thomas Holland, sir Lewis Beauchamp, sir James Audley, sir ship were in danger of sinking, for the leak still admitted water: Bartholomew Burghersh, the lords Percy, Mowbray, Neville, Roos, this made them more eager to conquer the vessel they were grappled de Difort, de Gastrode, de Berder, and many others. There were to: many gallant deeds were done; and at last they gained the ship, four hundred knights;"norwas he ever attended by a larger company and flung all they found in it overboard, having quitted their own of great lords. The king kept the sea with his vessels ready pre- ship. They continued the combat against the Spaniards, who fought pared for action, and to wait for the enemy, who was not long before valiantly, and whose cross-bowmen shot such bolts of iron as greatly he appeared. He kept cruising for three days between Dover and distressed the English. Calais. Tins sea-fight, between the English and Spaniards, was well and WHEN the Spaniards had completed their cargoes, and laden their hardly fought: but, as night was coming on, the English exerted vessels with linen cloths, and whatever they imagined would be pro- themselves to do their duty well, and discomfit their enemies.. The fitable in their own country, they embarlked on board their fleet at Spaniards, who are used to the sea, and were in laige ships, acquitted Sluys. They knew they should meet the English, but were indif. themselves to the utmost of their power. The young prince of Wales ferent about it; for they had marvellously provided themselves with and his division were engaged apart: his ship was grappled by a all sortsof warlike ammunition; such as bolts for cross-bows, cannon, great Spaniard, when he and his knights suffered much; for she had and bars of forged iron to throw on the enemy, in hopes, with the so many holes, that the water came in very abundantly, and they assistance of great stones, to sink him. When they weighed anchor, could not by any means stop the leaks, which gave the crew fears of the wind was favorable for them: there were forty large vessels of her sinking; they therefore did all they could to conquer the enemy's such a size, and so beautiful, it was a fine sight to see them under ship, but in vain; for she was very large, and excellently well de. sail. Near the top of their masts were small castles, full of flints fended. During this danger of the prince, the duke of Lancaster and stones, and a soldier to guard them; and there also was the flag- came near, and, as he approached, saw he had the worst of the enstaff, from whence flutteredtheir streamers in the wind, that it was gagement, and that his crew had too much on their hands, for they pleasant to look at them. If the English had a great desire to meet were bailing out water: he therefore fell on the other side of the them, it seemed as if the Spaniards were still more eager for it, as Spanish vessel, with which he grappled, shouting, "Derby to the will hereafter appear. The Spaniards were full ten thousand men, rescue'" The engagement was now very warm, but did not last including all sorts of soldiers they had enlisted when in Flanders: long, for the ship was taken, and all the crew thrown overboard, not this made them feel sufficient courage not to fear the combat with one being saved. The prince, with his men, instantly embarked on 96 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. board the Spaniard; and scarcely had they done so when his own and rose as speedily as he could; but notwithstanding his haste, he vessel sunk, which convinced thenm of the imminent danger they had could not arm himself before his court-yard was filled with soldiers. been in. He was thus made prisoner with his mistress; but nothing was pil laged in the castle, on account of the existing truce between France TuE engagement was in other parts well contested by the English and England; and besides sir Geoffry only wanted to take Aymery. knights, who exerted themselves, and need there was of it, for they He was greatly pleased with his success, and carried sir Aymery to found those who feared them not. Late in the evening, the Salle St. Omer, where he did not suffer him to languish in prison, but had du Roi, commanded by lord Robert de Namur, was grappled by a him put to death, with much cruelty, in the market-place of St. large Spaniard, and the fight was very severe. The Spaniards were Omer, in the presence of the knights and common people of the determined to gain this ship; and, the more effectually to succeed country, who had been sent for thither. Thus died sir Aymery de in carrying her off, they set all their sails, took advantage of the Pavie; but his mistress escaped, for his death freed her, and she wind, and in spite of what lord Robert and his crew could do, towed afterwards attached herself to a squire of France. her out of the battle: for the Spaniard was of a more considerable size than the lord Robert's ship, and therefore she more easily con. THIS year of our Lord 1349, there came from Germany, persons quered. As they were thus towed, they passed near the king's who performed public penitences by whipping themselves with ship, to whom they cried out, "Rescue the Salle du Roi," but were scourges having iron hooks, so that their backs and shoulders were not heard; for it was dark; and, if they were heard, they were not torn: they chanted also, in a piteous manner, canticles of the rescued. The Spaniards would have carried away with ease this nativity and sufferings of our Saviour, and could not, by their rules, prize, if it had not been for a gallant act of one Hanequin, a servant remain in any town more than one night: they travelled in compato the lord Robert, who, with his diawn sword on his wrist, leaped nies of more or less in number, and thus journeyed through the on board the enemy, ran to the mast, and cut the large cable which country performing their penitence for thirty-three days, being the held the mainsail, by which it became unmanageable; and with number of years JEsus CaHRIST remained on earth, and then returned great agility, he cut other four principal ropes, so that the sails fell to their own homes. These penitences were thus performed, to on the deck, and the course of the ship was stopped. Lord Robert entreat the Lord to restrain his anger, and withhold his vengeance; seeing this, advanced with his men, and, boarding the Spaniard for, at tuis period, an epidemic malady ravaged the earth, and desword in hand, attacked the crew so vigorously, that all were slain stroyed a third part of its inhabitants. They were chiefly done ia or thrown overboard, and the vessel won. those countries the most afflicted, whither scarcely any could travel, but were not long continued, as the church set itself against them. I CANNOT speak of every particular circumstance of this engage- None of these companies entered France: for the king had strictly ment. It lasted a considerable time; and the Spaniards gave the forbidden them, by desire of the pope, who disapproved of such king of England and his fleet enough to do. However, at last, vic- measures, by sound and sensible reasons, but which I shall pass over. tory declared for the English: the Spaniards lost fourteen ships; All clerks or persons holding livings, that countenanced them, were the others saved themselves by flight.* When it was completely excommunicated, and several were forced to go to Rome to purg.e over, and the king saw he had none to fight with, he ordered his themselves. trumpets to sound a retreat, and made for England. They anchored About this time, the Jews throughout the world were arrested at Rye and Winchelsea a little after nightfall, when the king, the and burnt, and their fortunes seized by those lords under whose prince of Wales, the duke of Lancaster, the earl of Richmond and jurisdictions they had lived, except at Avignon, and the territories other barons, disembarked, took horses in the town, and rode to the of the church dependent on the pope. Each poor Jew, when he mansion where the queen was, scarcely two English leagues distant. was able to hide himself, and arrive in that country, esteemed himThe queen was mightily rejoiced on seeing her lord and children: self safe. It was prophesied, that for one hundred years people she had suffered that day great affliction from her doubts of success; were to come, with iron scourges, to destroy them: and this would for her attendants had seen from the hills of the coast the whole of now have been the case, had not these penitents been checked in the battle, as the weather was fine and clear, and had told the queen, their mad career, as has been related.* who was very anxious to learn the number of the enemy, that the Spaniards had forty large ships: she was therefore much comforted by their safe return. The king, with those knights who had attended CHAPTER CLII. him, passed the night in revelry with the ladies, conversing of arms and amrors. On the morrow, the greater part of his barons who T DET O IN PHILIP, AND COONATION OF IS SON II ON had been in this engagement, came to him: he greatly thanked IN the beginning of August, in the year 1350, RaoUl de Cahours,t them for all the services they had done him, before he dismissed and many other knights and squires, to the number of one hundred them, when they took their leave, and returned evdry man to his horne. * Here end the additions. I cannot help supposing there must have been more: for Froissart would certainly have particularly mentioned this sad calamity of the plague, You have before heard how Aymery de Pavie had plotted to sur- that afflicted all Europe, and he scarcely notices it. render the town and castle of Calais, for a sum of florins to the It began in Lhe spring of the year 1148, and came from Asia. It destroyed in some French, and how it befel them: that sir Geoffry de Chargny and the parts the fourth, in others the third of their population: sometimes it left not the tenth lknights with him were made prisoners, and carried to England, prt. It carried off in Paris from 40 to 50,000, and in the little town of St. Denis, 100(. There were sometimes, at Paris, 800 burials in a day: and in the single church-yard o. whence they ransomed themselves as soon as they could pay the the Charter-house, London, were buried 200 daily. It broke every bond of attachment money, and returned to France. It happened, that, during the time asunder: servants fled from their masters, wives firom their husbands, and chiltren from he was at St. Omer by order of the king of France, he hoard that theirparents. There wereno laws in force: the greatestexcesses were committed; and, when the contagion was at an end, morals wvere found more corrupted. Aynmery de Pavie was at a castle in the country near Calais, called when the contagio was t an e, morals ere found more corrupted. I refer my readers to the different chroniicles of the times, for more particular informaFretun, which the king of England had given him. The Italian tion. Lord Hailes dates its ravages in 1349, and says; "The great pestilence, which lived there at his ease with a beautiful English woman, whom he had long desolated the continent, reached Scotland. The historians of all countries had brotght thithler as his mistress; and h fancied the French had spekwith iorrorof this pestilence. Ittook awiderrange, and proved mnore destructive than any calamity of that nature known in the annals of mankind. Barnes, pp. 428forgotten his courtesy to them: but that was not the case, as you sil forgotten 441 co otesy tother:but tha was no the case, as you h 41, has collected the accounuts given of this pestilence by many historians; and hence shall hear. As soon as sir Geoffry received this information, h lie has, unknowingly, furnished materials for a curious inquiry into the populousness of secretly inquired from those of the country who knew this castle, if Europe in the fourteenth century." it could easily be taken: they assured him it might; for that sir "The same cause which brought on this corruption of manners produced a new speAymery lived there without any suspicion, and without guards or es offanaticismi. There appeared in Germany, England and Flanders, numerous conhimse asu safe asifhewerein Lonn o r Clais. fraternities of penitents, who, naked to the girdle, dity and filthy to look at, flogged watch, thinking himself as safe as if he were in London or Calais. themselves in the public squares, chanting a ridiculous canticle. Underneath are two Sir Geoffry did not let the matter sleep, but, collecting privately a stanzas of their canticle, consisting of nineteen in the whole. It is entire in a chronicle band of men-at-arms. loft St. Oner in an evening, tilting with him belonging to M Brequigny, which is the only one supposed to express it: the cross-bows that were quartered there, and marched all night,Bat "Oannt, cntre noun tuit frer,.Battens nos charoignes bien fort, when, at daybreak, he arrived at the castle of Fretun. They Ensremembrant la grand misere instantly surrounded the castle, as it was not of any size, and having De Dieu, et sa pitease mort entered the ditch, passed through. The servants, awakened by the Qui fut pris de la gent'amere, noise, ran to their master, who was asleep, and said, " My lord, rise Et venduz, et traiz tort, Et battu sa char vierge et claire; instantly; for the castle is surrounded by a large body of men-at- On nom de ce, battens plus fort. arms, who are forcing their way into it." Aymery was much alarmed, Roiz des roiz, char precies, t= 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Roiz des roiz, char precieuse, Dieuz Pete, Filz, Sains Esperis, * Anno Gratits millesimo trecentissimo quinquagossime, qui est nonus regni regis Diesu Pere, Filz, Sains Esperis. Edwalrdi i coniestu tertii vicesirnst quartus, commissure est bellurn navale inter, Auglinus et Hlispanos quarto calendas Septembris. Edwardus nempe rex Anglirn com Ft pendue crin parJus pa ucis navihus obviavit navigio I-Iispani e, vinis bellicosis refertissimo juxta Winchelsee. Er Ia fut grie t doloreuse: Er. theto atrocissimo confiictu, multi hesi sinit ex utraque parte. Nam tam fervens erat hblliusi, tain crebrt vulaerna inflicta ex omni purte, quod ab illo prarlio vix aliquis evasit Fit la croix vermeille et hideuse, Loons Dieu et battons nos pis." illrosmnM. Lersni (llsts volente, victoria cessir Amglie. Gaptis snt ihi igirur26 naves Lo Diou etpp 530, non pss magnse, rehiquis sitibmersis, ve] in fagamn versis. In hoc conflictu dum Hispani timiidi et superrbi., tqsie fidetites in robore suo et strenuitate, dedignantur se reddere jussu regis 1 Rtaoul te Cahours was of the English party, hut gained over by the magnificent Edwartlu, omnies nliserabileter iterierant, alii ferro cesil, alli aquis subnersi."'-TnioMrs promises of king John. He first changed his side at this battle, when he fought with sVIatslNsIiiA,, Ifist..,Jnglin, p. 16t9. the commander in Brittany, who had only one hundred men, and_might have gaimed Stwe stirs, thlt Edlwttni returned triumph-rot, hut bewailing the loss of sir Richard the day, if he had not been too rash. King Joun, as a recompense, gave hilim 24,000 Gohldashorourigh. Pane 250. livres, and allowed him the possession of the lands of' Beauvoir, the island of Chauvet CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. anod twenty men-at-arms, or thereabouts, combated with the coin- The lord Guy de Nesle, marshal of France, had an engagement, o0 mander for the king of England in Brittany, called sir Thomas the first of April, in Saintonge, with the English and Gascons; tie Daggeworth, before the castle of Aurai. Sir Thomas* and all his army of the marshal was defeated: he himself was taken prisoners, men were slain, to the amount of about one hundred men-at-arms. with his brother the lord William, lord Arnold d'Anreghen, and many On the 22nd of August, in the same year, king Philip of France others. On Palm Sunday, which was the 10th of April, 1351, Giles departed this life at Nogent-le-Roi,t and was carried to Notre-Dame Rigault de Rouffy, who was abbot of St. Denis, and lately made a car, in Paris. On the Thursday following, his body was buried at St. dinal, was presented with the red hat, in presence of king John in hi, Denis, on the left hand of the great altar: his bowels were interred palace, by the bishops of Laon and of Paris. This had never been at the Jacobins at Paris, and his heart at the convent of the Carthu- done before; but the pope had directed it to be so, by a bull addres. 6ians at Bourgfontaines in Valois. The 26th day of September en- sed to these bishops. saing, John, eldest son of king Philip, was crowned king, on a In the following September, the French recovered the town of St. Jean d'Angely, of which the English had kept possession for fivt years. It was surrendered by the garrison without striking a blow, and merely through want of provisions. In the month of October, the firaternity of the noble house of St. Ouen,* near Paris, was estab. lished by order of the king. All those who were of this order wore a star on their hoods, and another on the front of their mantles.t -__ ___-..: _ This year, there was the greatest scarcity of provisions all over the kingdom of France ever known in the memory of man. Wheat was sold at Paris for eight livres parsist the septier:~ a septier of oats for forty sols parsis, and a boisseaull of peas eight sols, and other ________; ~grains according to their value. In this month of October, on the day of the celebration of St. Ouen, the English took the town of Guignes, notwithstanding the truce: and in this year the constable of France was married to the daughter of lord Charles of Blois. CHAPTER CLIII. THE KING OF NAVARRE CAUSER THE LORD CHIARLES OF SPAIN, CONSTABLE. OF FRANCE, TO BE MU'RDERED —WITH OTHER MATTERS. IN the year 1352, on the eve of the feast of our Lady, the middle, of August, the lord Guy de Nesle, lord of Ossemont, at that timel marshal of France in Brittany, had an engagement, in which the, marshal was slain in battle, and also the lord of Briquebec, the. baron of Beauvais, and many other nobles, as well of the country of. Brittany, as of other parts of France. The 4th of. September wae..o)H, KiNG OF FRANCE-Drawn on his return from England, in 1309: by BEUCLARE. the day appointed for the combat~ at Paris, between the duke of, Croix of St. Eloy, Paris. Brunswick' and the duke of Lancaster, for words which the duke of Lancaster had spoken, and for which the duke of Brunswick had" summoned him to answer at the court of the king of France. The. Sunday, at Rheims. His wife, Queen Jane, was also crowned at the two dukes came to the field completely armed, and entered the list. same time. The king, on this occasion, made many knights: his twhich had been prepared for the German appellant, and the English. eldest son, the dauphin of Vienne; his second son, Louis earl of respondet. As the English were at war with Frace, the du f respondelm. As the English were at war with France, the duke, c~ Alenqon; the earl of Estampes; the lord John d'Artois; Philip Lancaster had come thither under a safe-conduct from king John,. duke of Orleans, brother to the king; the duke of Burgundy, son to defend his honor. The king of France, however, would not per., of the Queen, by her first marriage with the lord Philip of Burgundy; mit them to fight; but, although they had armed themselves, and. the earl of Dammartin, and many others. The king set out from had taken the oaths, and were mounting their steeds, he took the, Rheims on the Monday, and returned to Paris, by way of Laon, business into his own hands, and made up the difference between Soissons and Senlis. The king and queen made their public entry them. into Paris on a Sunday, the 17th of October. There were great On the 6th day of December, pope Clement VI. died, at Avigno, On the 6th day of December, pope Clement VI. died, at Avigno.n, feasts, which lasted the whole week. The king remained at Paris in the eleventh. year of his pontificate; and, on the 11th of the foL. at the h6tel de Nesle, or at the palace, until near Martinmas, when he lowing moith, a cardinal from Limosin, styled cardinal of Ostia, hut,, assembled his parliament. because he had been bishop of Clermont, commonly called cardinal On Tuesday, the 16th day of November following, Raoul, earl of of Clermont, was elected pope, about the hour of ten in the morning,, Eu and Guignes, constable of France, who was but lately returned in his room. He took the title of Innocent VI., though his own from his prison in England, was arrested by order of the king, in pp name was si Stephen Aubet. proper name was sin' Stephen Aubert. the h6tel de Nesle,t where king John resided, by the provost of On the 6th day of January, 1353, soon after daybreak, the lord ~111;IIVL~ Ut: Y~tjl;~f 11Slt n~ll JVIII ICJO n t h e 6th day of January, 1353, soon after daybreak, the lot&dybrea, theiord Paris, and was detained in confinement in his h6tel, until the next Charles Navarre, earl of Evreux, caused the lord Charles of Spain,. Thursday; when, about the hour of matins, he was there beheaded, constable of France, to be murdered in his bed, at an inn in the in the presence of the duke of Bourbon, the earl of Armagnac, the town of Aigle in Normandy, by some men-at-arms whom he sent?n town of Aisle** in Normandy, by some men-at-arms whom he sen tti earl of Montfort, the lord John Boulogne, the earl of Rueil, and there he remained in a barn without the town, until they were many other knights, who attended the execution by command of returned to him after the performnce of this deed. It was said he returned to him after the performance of this deed. It was said he, the king, at that time in his palace. He was thus executed, for great treasons, of which he had confessed himself guilty to the duke of * St. Ouen is a small town in the Isle of France, diocese and election of Paris. Athens, and some others. His body was buried in the Augustins at t Banies says, that on the Oth September, 1351, king John revived the almost obsolete.-.Paris, within the walls of the monastery, by permission of the king, order of the Star, in imitation of the Garter; and the first chapter of it was held at hisout of respect to the friends of the constable."~ In the mouth of the palace (sf St. Oen. At first there were but eighteen knights; the rest were added at: different chapters. ensuing January, Charles of Spain, to whom the king had given the T1hey wore a bright star on the crest of their helmets, and one'pendent at their necks earldom of Angoulame, was appointed by him constable of France. and the same was embroidered on their mantles. The slay fixed for the annsual celebration of this order was the Epiphany, and the stas and other estates which he had seized from Jane de Belleville. Cahours engaged in chosen fir t les emblem. return, to deliver into the king's hands Vannes, Guerraisle, Brest, Iennebon, &.- Te eiteen it kights were: John king of France, sovereign. ItRoul de Cahours was made commander in Poitou, by writ of privy seal, dated Philip duke ofOrleans, lii only brother. Hist. de.Bretagne. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Philip duke of Orleans, his only brother. tou mde 7hJanuary, m-adecmmandrin bywitofCharles of France, dauphin ot'Vienne-Louis duke of Anjou-John duke of BerryElthti m' 17th January, 13417. —RymE.Phrp ueofTurie-igJons os The 4th July, 1348, the king grants him ~1000 a year, in Po itou, besides other advan- Pilip uke of Touraie-king John's sons. tages. —Idem. It~~~~a e~~~~~e.-Ie-~~~l. ~Charles kiing of Navarre. Dugdale, in his Baronage, says he was slain through the treachery of the French. Peter lduke of Bourboro —James Bourbon count de la Marche —brothes' A town in Beauce. on the river Eure, five leaghes fiiom Ciartres. Charles tie ii Cerda of Spain, earl of Angoulome. $'Iie hltel de Nesle is now demolished; and its situation would be nnknown, were Aold G l'Aydreclien-John di Cleriont-marshas of France. it not for it curious memoir respecting it, in the xxiiid. vol. of the AMemoires de I'Acad6- Gef ct de Cirgy, great chierla of France. mis, by M. Bonamy, to which I iefer the reader. Charles earl of Tancarvile. ~ De Dole Regis Francie.Johananis, &-c. —" Comes de Ewe, constabularius Francira, William de resenne, duke of AthenS, master of the horse. qui in confictu inter Anglicos & Norianos, anne Domini millesimo. cccmo. XLvito. JoisVs e Artois, earl of CE-Cisales of Artois, couit de Longusville-John viscosuns apud Cadansum sabito, captus fuit, & tune missus in Angliam, per im. annos & amplius de Melun, sons of Robert d'Artois. /biiler remainserat sub carcerali custodit mancipatus, circiter testuln Sancti Michadlis, For ne particulars, see Favine's Fhiatrs d'onneur. Siiio lirsaini millesimo. crme. LIme. liCenriatus per regesa Anglorum brca sa in par- Cotgrave says, that a livre parisis is 2s. 6d., and that ten sols p arisis is equal to osu tibus Francisa visitare, Parislosvenit ad novum Franciri regem Johannem, utirmue statura shilling. magnum & discretum, minus tamen graciosum, & famna pulien referente libidine ple- ~ A septiet ofWheat, according to Cotgrave, weighs 240 pounds. hum, ab sxore propria divertentem, foriicarisque tam secularibus quam religiosis atim A beisseau of wheat weighs 20 pouids. incestuose turpiter amiharentem, k paucis magnatibus vel plebeis dilectum. Tune idem ~ See Dugdale's Baronage, for a more particular account of: this duel, ane of an end rex, se amicum ipsius comitis simulans, & padifice sibi loquens, convivavit eundem. being put to it by the king of France, at the entreaty of the duke of Brunswick, who, Sed stautis nocte sequenti, misso spiculatore crum quibusdam satellitibus ad hospichia through cowardice, submitted to his award..irti cismitis, ipsum comitem theft subito decohlari.'"-AvsnnuauY, p. 137.'. ** nocese of Evreun. 98 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. was accompanied by the lord Philip of Navarre his brother, the lord the love and affection-he bears my ladies the queens, here present, Lewis de Harcourt, and lord Godfrey de Harcourt his uncle, and who have mostearnestly entreated him in your behalf; and, because many other knights, as well from Navarre as from Normandy. The he believes you have committed this crime through bad advisers, he King of Navarre and his company retreated to the city of Evreux, pardons you heartily and willingly.", The two queens, and the king of which he was lord, provisioned it, and added to the fortifications. of Navarre, upon this, fell on their knees, and thanked the king With him went the above-mentioned Harcourts, the lord of Malue, The cardinal added, "that in f:ture if any of the king's relations, or John Maller lord of Gravilie, the lord Almaury de Meulent, and others, should dare commit such a crime as the king of Navarre had many other noblemen of Normandy. Shortly after, the king of done, and even if it should again happen to the king's son, Jp insult Navarre went to Mantes: he had befbre sent many letters sealed, to or injure the lowest officer of the king, he sh,)uld infallibly be pundifferent towns in the kingdom, to inform them that he had put to ished." Upon this, the court broke up.* death the constable, for various evil deeds which the constable had The 22nd of March, a knight-banneret of the low marches, called sir done against him. He sent the earl of Meaux to the king of France Reginald de Pressigny, lord of Marans near la Rochelle, was drawn at Paris, on the same subject. The king dispatched to the king of and hanged on a gibbet, by orders of the parliament and many of Navarre at Mantes, the cardinal de Boulogne, the bishop of Laon, the the great council of the king. On the 4th of August, 1354, the duke de Bourbon, the earl of Vend6me, and others, who entered into king of France was reconciled to the earl of Hiarcourt and the lord a treaty with the king of Navarre: forasmuch as he had married the Lewis his brother, who were, as it was then said, to reveal to him king's sister, the mere pardon of the king for this crime would not many things of consequence, especially all that related to the death satisfy him; but he required of the king, his lord, many other things. of the constable. In the following month of September, the car. Every one in France imagined that a war was unavoidable, between dinal de Boulogne set out from Paris to go to Avignon, and, it was the two kings; for the king of Navarie had made many alliances, commonly reported, not in the good graces of the king; howbeit, collected troops in different places, and had victualled and fortified during the space of a year that he had remained in France, he had his towvns and castles. At last, however, after many treaties, there was lived as well with the king as any other courtier. About this time, one agreed to, of which the following are some of the principal points. lord Robert de Lorris, chamberlain to the king of France, suddenly The king of France was to give the king of Navarre thirty-eight quitted the kingdom. It was said, that, had he been taken, he thousand livres tournois, on account of an annuity which the king of would have suffered, for having revealed to the king of Navarre the Navarre received from the treasury of Paris, in lieu of lands which, secrets of the king of France, in the like manner as the Harcourts according to an agreement made between their royal predecessors, had done to the king of France. were to be assigned to him, for the county of Champagne, as well as The king of Navarre, in the month of November, set out from on account of his marriage with the king of France's daughter, when Normandy, and passed through divers places, amusing himself until he was promised as much land as would amnount to twelve thousand he came to Avignon, and from thence went to Navarre. And this livres a-year. The king of Navarre wished to have the lordship of month the archbishop of Rouen, chancellor of France, and the duke Beaumont-le-Roger, the lands of Breteuil,t in Normandy, Conches,/ of Bourbon, set off for Avignon; as did the duke of Lancaster, and and Orbec,~ the viscounty of Pont-Audemer,l and the bailiwick of others of the English, in order to hold a conference touching a peace Coutantin: which were acceded to by the king of France, though between the two kings. This same month the king of France left the first four lands belonged to Philip duke of Orleans, the king's Paris, and went into Normandy as far as Caen. He took possession brother, and he gave him other estates in lieu of them. The king of all the lands belonging to the king of Navarre, and appointed consented also, for the sake of peace, that all the Harcourts and his new officers and garrisons in all the castles belonging to him, excelpt other allies should hold from him, as their lord, all lands dependent six; viz. Evreux, Poht-Audemer, Cherbourg, Gavrey,~'Avranches, on Navarre, in whatever part of France they might be situated; and Mortain,~ which were garrisoned by men from Navarre, who would it was at.their option to do him, if they pleased, homage for them. not surrender themselves, but answered those sent to them from the'The king of Navarre obtained also, that these lands, and those he king of France, that they would not give them up save to their lord, possessed before, should be holden by him as a peerage: and he had the king of Navarre, who had put them under their guard.,the power to hold, twice a-year, a court of exchequer as nobly as the In the month of January, the lord Robert de Lorris returned to,duke of Normandy. The king of France consented to pardon all Paris, by a passport from the king, where he remained a fortnight who had been concerned in the death of the constable, antd promised, without having permission to see him; and, when he was admitted.upon his oath, that neither now nor hereafter would he seek to do to his presence, he was not fully reconciled; he therefore, by the:them hurt for this act. The king of Navarre, in addition, received advice of the king's council, returned to Avignon, that he might be from the king of France a large sum in golden crowns; and, before present during the conferences. Toward the end of February, news:he would come to Paris, he made the king send him, by way of was brought, that the truce which would expire in April, between!hostage, the earl of Anjou, his second son. the kings of France and England, had been prolonged by the pope When he came to Paris, he was attended by a numerous body of to the nativity of St. John the Baptist, in order that he might find *men-at-arms. The 4th day of March following, he came to the some means of making a permanent peace; and that the commis-'chamber of parliament, where the king was sitting, attended by many sioners from each king had consented to it. The pope sent embas peers of France, the parliament, and some of his council: the cardi- sadors to the kings, respecting another mode of carrying on the treaty nal of Boulogne was there also. The king of Navarre besought the than what had hitherto been practiced. This same month, the king king of France to pardon him the death of the constable, alleging of France coined florins of fine gold, which were called Lamb Florins,'that he had good reasons for so doing, which he offered then to lay because on the reverse was the figure of a lamb. They were valued before the king, or at any other time. He swore he had not done it at fifty-two the marc;11 and when they were coined, the king gave out of any contempt to the king of France, or to the office of con- forty-eight for a mare of pure gold, and forbade the currency of any stable; and he added, that he should not feel anything so much, as other florins. This month, sir Gaucher de l'Orme came to Paris, to:to be thought he had incurred the anger of the king. Upon this, the the king of France, as embassador from the king of Navarre; he;lord James de Bourbon, constable of France, by order of the king, returned the following March, carrying with him passports for the:gave his hand to the king of Navarre, and drew him aside. Shortly king of Navarre. after, the queen Joan, aunt to the king of Navarre, and queen This year, about Shrovetide, many of the English advanced near Blanche, his sister; the first of whom had been the wife of Charles to Nantes, and by means of rope-ladders, about fifty-two of them:le Bel, and the last of king Philip, lately deceased; came into the got into and took the castle: but sir Guy de Rochefort, who was!.presence of the king, and made a low reverence: sir Reginald de the governor, and at that time in the town, attacked them so vigorTrie, falling on his knees, said: "My most redoubted lord, here are ously that he regained it that same night; and the fity-two Eng.,my ladies the queens, Joan and Blanche, who have heard that my I lish were either slain or taken prisoners. King John, about Easter'lord of Navarre is in your ill graces, and are much hurt at it. They 1355, sent his eldest son, Charles dauphin of Vienne, into Nor.'beseech you to have the goodness to pardon him; and, if it please mandy, as his lieutenant, where he remained all the summer, and iGod, he will for the future behave himself in such a manner, that the province granted him three thousand men-at-arms for three:you and all the people of France shall be satisfied." months. In the month of August following, the king of Navarre The constable and the marshals then went to seek the king of landed at the castle of Cherbourg, and with him tenthousand meno Navarre, who, coming again into the presence of the king, placed including every one. There were many treaties begun between -iimself between the two queens, when the cardinal spoke as follows: those attached to the king of France and those belonging to the king " My lord of Navarre, no one ought to be surprised, if my lord the of Navarre: each sent respectively embassadors to the o'.,er. The:king of France is offended with you, for the crime you have com- king of Navarre's garrisons in Evreux and Pont-Audemer plundered,mitted. There is no occasion for me to name it, you have made it all the country thereabout: some of them advanced to the castle of -so public, by your letters and otherwise, that it is known to all. You Conches, which at that time was in king John's hands, took it, and are so much beholden to him, that you ought never to have done it: filled it with provisions and men-at-ar'ms. Several other acts of hos. you are of his blood, and nearly related to him; besides, you are his tility were done by the men of Navarre against the subjects of the i liege man, and one of his peers, and have also espoused his daughter; therefore this deed is so much the more blameable. However, for * The cause of the murder of Charles d'Espagne, constable of France, by Charles is Mauvais, was the opposition the constable made to the pretensions of the king of Na*A market town in Normandy, on the Rille, diocese of Evreux. varre to the counties of Cthampagne, Brie, and to the duchy ofBurgundy. —See Ferreracr t Election of Conclmes. Hist. of Spain, vol. v. pp. 276, 277. 4 A market-town in Normandy, diocese of Evreux. t A market town in Normandy four leagues from Coutances. $ A town ot Normandy, diocese of Lisieux.: A town in Normandy —a bishop's see. II Pont-Audemer —a town in Nonnandy, diocese of Lisieux. seventeen leagues from ~ A town in Normandy —diocese of Avranches ~en~ fUl Eight ounces of gold, silver, or bullion. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND,, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 99 king of France. At last, peace was made; and the king of Na- except by some of the nobles and citizens from the chief towns in varre then went to the dauphin of Vienne, in the castle of Verneuil,* Picardy, and many other towns in Normandy. Those who had ex. who conducted him to the good city of Paris. On the 24th day of amined the receipt of the taxes were also there; and upon their September, they both came to the king, who then resided at the information that it was not sufficient, a new subsidy was resolved castle of the Louvre at Paris: and, when admitted to his presence, on; and it was ordered, that all manner of persons, of the blood the king of Navarre made his reverence before the many nobles who royal or not, priest or layman, monk or nun, privileged or unprivi. were there assembled. He excused himself very honorably for hav- leged, innkeepers, heads of churches, who possessed rents, or reve ing quitted the realm, and added, that he had heard some had found nues from offices or administrations, widows as well as those who fault with his conduct toward the king: he therefore requested the held estates in their own right, children, married or not, who had king to name those who had done so: for he swore that, since the any fortune in the hands of trustees or otherwise; coiners, and all death of the constable, he had done nothing against the king of others who had formerly been exempted from taxation, and who were France but what a loyal subject should and ought to do. Neverthe- possessed of one hundred livres a.year, or under, whether by inherit. less, he besought the king of France, that he would pardon all that ance, annuity, wages or pension for life, should pay a subsidy of' four was passed, and admit him to his favor. He promised that in future ilivres, to defray the expense of the war; those of forty livres a-year he would be as good and loyal as a son ought to be to a father, or a and under, to pay forty sols: ten livres a-year, and upward, twenty vassal to his lord. The king informed him, through the duke of sols; and under ten livres a-year, children, whether in wardship or Athens, that he forgave everything heartily. upward of fifteen years old, laborers and workmen gaining their live. lihood by work, should pay ten sole: if they had any fortune besides what they acquired by labor, they were to pay as the others. Ser. C H A P T ER C L I V. vants and all who worked for hire, so that they gained a hundred sols, and upward, a-year, were also to pay ten sols. The sol was to THE TAX OF THE GABELLEt IIMPOSED THROUGIIOUT FRANCE, BY TItE be taken as the sol parisis, in those parts where this mode of reckonTHREE EsTATEs, ON ACCOUNT OF TIE WAR. ing was usual, and as the sol tournois in the other parts. Those THE prince of Wales went into Gascony some time in the month servants who did not gain more than the exact sum of one hundred of October, 1355, and advanced as far as Toulouse, where he crossed sols a-yeas, or under, were to pay nothing; but if they had any equi. the Garonne, and went to Carcassonne.t He burnt the suburbs, but valent fortune, they were to pay according to the rate of the others. could do nothing to the town, as it was well defended. Hie then None of the mendicant monks, nor those in cloisters without office marched to Narbonne~ burning and destroying the country, and in or administration, nor children under the age of fifteen, without any the month of November, returned to Bordeaux with great plunder property, were to pay this subsidy. Nuns were also exempted, who and a multitude of prisoners, without having met with any oppposi- had not any incnme exceeding ten livres. Wives paid nothing, be. tion, notwithstanding that the earl of Armagnac, the king of France's cause their husbands we're taxed, and theirfortunes would be reckoned lieutenant in Laguedoc, was at that time in the country, as well as as part of their husbands'. With regard to the clergy, whether they the lord of Foix, the lord James de Bourbon, lord of Ponthieu and were prelates, abbots, priers, canons, curates, or others who possessed constable of France, and the lord John de Clermont, marshal of upward of one hundred livres a-year, by benefice-, or inheritance France, with a more numerous army than that of the prince of friom the holy church, or by both, and extending to five thousand Wales. livres a-year, they were to pay four livres for the first hundred livres, The king of England landed at Calais in the month of October and forty sols for every hundred of the five thousand. No further of this year, and marched to Hesdin,[[ where he destroyed the out- aid was to be required for any sum above five thousand livres. Tho works, and burnt the houses within them; but he did not enter the revenues of the benefices were to be estimated by the tax of the town or castle. The king of France, on hearing this news of the tenth penny, and no one was allowed to claim any privileges from English, issued out his summons for an army to assemble at Amiens, their tenths if they had been once granted. and marched toward the king of England, who had retreated toward With regard to the nobility, and citizens of the chief towns, who Calais. The king of France advanced as far as St. Omer, whence had upward of one hundred livres a-year: the nobles were to be he sent to inform the king of England, by the marshal de Authain, taxed as far as five thousand livres of rent, and fo,'ty sols for every and many other knights, that he was willing to give him battle, either hundred livres, besides the four livres for the fihrst hundred. The in single combat, or with his army, any day he would choose to inhabitants of the towns in the same manner, as far as one thousand name; but the king of England refused the combat, and crossed the livres a-year. As for the furniture of those noblemen who did not sea to England. The king of France returned to Paris. possess a hundred livres a-year, it was to be valued as high as one In this same year, about St. Andrew's day, the king of France thousand livres, and no higher; and for those who were not noble, summoned all the prelates, chapters, barons, and citizens of the and had not four hundred livres a-year, their furniture was to be principal towns, to Paris, when he laid before them, through his valued as far as four thousand livres, that is to say, at the rate of one chancellor, in the chamber of parliament, the state of the war, and hundred livres for every ten livres' of rent; and they were to pay the requested of them to consult together on what aids they could grant tax in the manner above specified. If it should happen that any that should be sufficient to enable him to carry it on. And because nobleman possessed but just the rental of one hundred livres, and the king had heard that his subjects complained of being much ag- his furniture or no higher value than one thousand livres; or that grieved by the alteration in the coin, he offered to coin money that any one, not a noble, had a rental of four hundred livres, and furshould be good and weighty, if they would grant him other supplies niture to the amount of four thousand livres, then their rentals and sufficient to enable him to pursue the war. Upon which they an- furniture should be entered together, as high to the nobleman as one swered, that is to say, the clergy by the mouth of the archbishop of thousand livres, and to others as far as four thousand livres, and io Rheims, the nobles by the duke of Athens, and the citizens by Ste- more. phen Marcel, provost of merchants in the good town of Paris, that On Saturday, the 5th of March, 1356, there was a dissension in they were willing to live or die for him, and offered him the disposal the town of Arras, between the higher and lower ranks of inhabitof their lives and fortunes, requiring only a little time to deliberate ants; the lower sort killed, that day, seventeen of the higher rank together. This request was willingly complied with. in the town. On the Monday following, they murdered four others, The king of France gave this year, on the vigil of the feast of the and banished many more: so that they remained masters of the Conception of the Virgin Mary, the duchy of Normandy to his eldest town of Arras. son the dauphine of Vienne, earl of Poitiers; and, on the morrow, he did homage for it. CHAPTER CLV. After the three estates had deliberated, they replied to the king of France, in the chamber of parliament, by the aforementioned per. THE ICNG OF FRANCE ARRESTS THE KING OF NAVARtE, AND ORDERS Til sons, that they would grant him an army of thirtythousand men, to EARL OF HARCOURT AND OTHERS TO BE BEHEADED AT ROTTEN. be maintained by them for one year; and in order to have the fund THE king of France, on Tuesday the 5th of April, which was the for paying this,which was estimated at fifty thousand livres parisis,~ Tuesday after midlent Sunday, set out early, completely armed, from the three estates ordered that there should be levied upon all persons Mainville,* attended by about one hundred lances. There were with whatever their state may be, churchmen, nobles or others, a tax of him his son the earl of Anjou; his brother the duke of Orleans, eight deniers parisis per pound, on all sorts of provisions; and that the lord John d'Artois, earl of Eu, the lord Charles his brother, the tax upon salt should be established throughout France. But, as cousins-german to the king, the earl of Tancarville, sir Arnold it was not known if this tax, and the extension of the gabelle, would d'Andreghen, marshal of France, and many other barons and knights be sufficient, it was ordered that the three estates should remain in They rode straight for the castle of Rouen, by a back way, without Paris, to see and examine the result of this tax, and that on the 1st passing through the town, and on entering found, in the hall of the of March following they should again assemble; which was done, castle, Charles, duke of Normandy, Charlds king of Navarre, John ~ Verneuil-a city of Normandy, twenty-nine leagues and a half from Paris. earl of Harcourt, the lords do Preux, do Clerc, do Graville, and some? The Gabelle is a tax upon salt, first imposed by Philippe le Long. All persons others seated at dinner. The king immediately ordered them all, in France before the Revolution in 1789. when it was abolished, were obliged to pay a except the dauphin, to be arrested, as also sir William and sir Louis eertain sum for salt, whether they used any or not. This necessary article was monopo- do Harcourt, brothers to the earl, the lord Fricquet de Friquart, tlu lized by contractors, who enriched themselves at the public expense. lord de Toumneben, the lord Maubu6 do Mamesnars, two squires: A considerable town in Languedoc, twenty-three leagues from Toulouse. ~ & large city in Languedoc, an archbishopric, thirty-seven leagues from Toulouse. called Oliver DOublet and John do Vaubatu, and many others. H I A strong town in Artois, on the Canche, twenty-two leagues from Calais. had them shut up in different rooms in the castle, and his reoor ~ My two MSS. say tianquant cent mille livres." which appears most probable from il1 sverity of the tax. * Maiville —- market town: in Vexin Normandy in the electior. cf (Cisors 100 CHRONICLES OF ENGL AND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. or so doing was, that, since the reconciliation made on occasion of sure, but, immediately on the receipt of these letters, set out to meet the death of the constable of France, the king of Navarre had con- him on the borders of Touraine and Blois; for he was determined to spired and done many things contrary to the honor of the king, and fight the English. The king, to hasten the business, marched from the good of his realm; the earl of Harcourt had also used many inju- Paris; for he had at this time a large body of' men-at-arms in the field; rious expressions in the castle of Vaudreuil,* when an assembly was and vent to Chartres, to gain more certain intelligence of the enemy. holden there to grant a subsidy to the king of France, against the He remained there some time, and great crowds of troops and mensaid king, in order to prevent, as much as lay in his power, the sub- at-arms came to him from the different countries of Auvergne, Berry, sidy from being agreed to. The king, after this, sat down to dinner, Burgundy, Lorraine, Hainault, Vermanois, Picairdy, Brittany, and and afterwards, mounting his horse, rode, attended by all his com- Normandy. They passed through the town on their arrival, to show pany, to a field behind the castle, called the Field of Pardon. The their musters, and took up their quarters in tl.e fields, according to king then ordered the earl of Harcourt, the lord of Graville, the lord the orders of the two marshals, the lord John de Clermont and'lord Maubu6, and Oliver Doublet, to be brought thither in two carts: their Arnold. d'Andreghen.'T'he king gave orders for all the towns in heads were cut off, and their bodies dragged to the gibbet at Rouen, Anjou, Poitou, Maine and Touraine, to be well garrisoned and pro. where they were hung, and their heads placed upon the gibbet. In vided with all things, especially those on the borders, by which it the course of that day and the morrow, the ki-sg set at liberty all the was hoped the English would pass, that they might be inclosed, and other prisoners, except three; Charles king of Navarre, who was cut off friom any subsistence for themselves and horses. In spite of conducted to prison in the Louvre at Paris, and afterwards to the this, however, the prince, who had with him two thous-nd men-at. ChAtelet; some of the king's council were appointed as a guard arms and six thousand archers, rode on at his ease, and collected over him. Friquet and Vaubatu were also confined in the Chatelet. everywhere provisions in plenty. They found the country of Au. Philip of Navarre, however, kept possession of several castles which vergne, which they had entered and overrun, very rich, and all things the king his brother had in Normandy, and when the king of France in great abundance; but they would not stop there, as they were sent him orders to surrender them, refused to obey, but in conjunc- desirous of combating their enemies. They burnt and destroyed all lion with the lord Godfrey de Harcourt and other enemies of France, the countries they passed through; and when they entered any town raised forces in the country of Coutantin, which they defended which was well provisioned, they rested there some days to refresh against the king's troops. themselves, and at their departure destroyed what remained, staving On Wednesday after Easter, 1356, sir Arnold d'Andreghen went the heads of wine casks that were lull, burning the wheat and oats, to Arras, and there very prudently, and without the help of his sol- so that their enemies could not save anything. They kept advanc. diery, arrested one hundred of those who had put the town in a state ing, and found plenty everywhere; for the countries of Berry, Poitou, of rebellion, and who had murdered the citizens. On the morrow, Touraine and Maine are very rich, and full of forage for men-at-arms. he had twenty. of them beheaded; and the rest he kiept in prison The English advanced so far that they came to the good city of until the king should have ordered otherwise. By this means the Bourges,* where there was a great skirmish at one of the gates. town was rendered obedient to the king. In the nmonth of June fol- Two knights, the lord de Cousant and the lord Hutin de Memelles, lowing, the duke of Lancaster landed in the country of Coutantin, had charge of the city. Many gallant deeds were performed; but and joined the lord Philip of Navarre and sir Godfrey de Harcourt. the English left it without doing any damage, and went to Issodun,t They were about four thousand combatants. They marched straight where there was a strong castle. They attacked it very briskly, with for Lisieux, Orbec, and Pont-Audemer, where they reinforced the their whole army, but they csuld not gain it; for the governor and castle, which had been besieged for upward of two months. The the knights who were with him too valiantly defended themselves. lord Robert de Hotetot, captain of the cross-bowmen in France, who The English therefore passed on, and came to a large townt and with other nobles had laid siege to it, broke it up, as he heard of the castle: the town, being weakly fortified and badly defended, was coming of the duke of Lancaster, leaving behind him his machines taken by storm. They found there great plenty of fvines and other and artillery, which were captured by those of the castle.'The duke provisions, and remained three days to repose themselves. News and lord Philip made an excursion as far as Breteuil,t which they was brought there to the prince of Wales, that the king of France strengthened, robbing and plundering the country through which was in the city of Chartres, with a very large army, and that all the they passes. When they found that the city and castle of Evreux passes and towns on that side of the Loire were secured, and so wel had lately surrenaered to the king of France, who had for a length guarded no one could cross the river. The prince then held a counof time laid siege to it, and that the town and cathedral had been cil, when it was resolved he should set out on his return to Bordeaux, pillaged and burnt by the men of Navarre, who gave up the castle whence he had come, through Touraine and Poitou, and destroy all by capitulation; as well as by some of the king's forces, who were the country as he passed. They began their retfeat after they had besieging the town, the duke and lord Philip went forward to Ver- done their pleasure with the town; and this day they gained the neuil,4 which town and castle they took and plundered: they also castle, and slew the greater part whom they found in it. burnt part of the town. They marched toward Romorantin.~ The king of France sent The king of France, on hearing of the landing of the duke of Lan- into Berry three gallant barons, the lord of Craon, the lord of Boucieaster, had issued out his orders for raising troops: he assembled a cault, and the hermit of Chaumont, to defend the frontiers, and to large body of mdn-at-arms and infantry, set out in pursuit of hin, observe the motions of the English. They had with them three hun. and, passing through Cond6,~ made straight for the town of Verneuil. dred lances; and, skirting the borders of the province, they followed He passed by l'Aigle,1[ and followed him to Tubceuf, two leagues them for six days, without finding any opportunity of intercepting or distant from l'Aigle. The king of France was then informed that of attacking the enemy; such good and close order did the English he could not pursue him further; for there were immense forests in maintain on their march. The French, therefore, had recourse to which his party could secrete themselves: the king therefore re- an ambuscade, near to Romorantin, in a wonderfully narrow spot, turned, and came with his whole army before the castle of Thilliers,~ which the English were obliged to pass. That same day, there left which they said was in possession of Navarre. He took it, and gar- the prince's army, from the battalion of the marshals, by permission risoned it with his own people. He afterwards came to the castle of of the prince, the lord Bartholomew Burghersh, the lord of Muyssidan, Breteuil, which was defended for the king of Navarre. The king a Gascon, the lord Petiton Courton, the lord Delawar, the lord Basset, of France remained befsre this castle the space of two months, when sir Walter Pavely, sir Richard Pontchardan, sir Nesle Loring, the it was surrendered. on capitulation that the garrison might go whither young lord Despencer, sir Eustace and sir Sanchez d'Ambreticourt, they pleased, and all they could carry with them. with about two hundred combatants, in order to push forward to Romnorantin. They passed through the ambuscade of the French without molestation; but, the moment they were clear of it, thi C H A P T E R C L VI. French, who were mounted on excellent a-nd well-dressed horses, fLmE KING OF FR.ANCGE ISSUES OUT A SUMMONS FOR ASSEMBLING AN AXtY stuck spurs into them, to overtake them. The English, who had To KoIBAT THE F RINCE IOF W ASUO, WT O wSAMS OVERAnBIN THE rAN vM- got far forward, hearing the sound of horses' feet, turned round and INCE OF DsERBY1.C MtAv H. YN L W nNGT O found it was the enemy. They immediately halted, to wait for the French, who advanced on a gallop, fully determined what to do, WHEN~ king John of France had finished his expedition, and had with their lances in their rests. The English, seeing them thus reconquered all the towns and castles in lower Normandy which charge full speed, opened on each side and let them pass through, st belonged to the king of Navarre, whom he detained in prison, he that no more than five or six were unhorsed: they then closed their returned to the city of Paris. He had not been long there before he ranks, and fell upon the rear of the French. This engagement was heard that the prince of Wales, with his whole army, had invaded very sharp: many knights and squires were unhorsed. raised up again his kingdom, and was advancing toward the fertile country of Berry. and rescued on both sides. It lasted a long time, and no one could When this was told him, the king said, with an oath, that he would tell, so valiantly was it disputed, to which side victory would incline, immediately set out after Itim, and give him battle wherever he should when the battalion of the marshals appeared in sight. The French ind him. He issued out a special summons, to all nobles and others first noticed it, as it marched, skirting along a wood, and immediately who held fiefs under him, that they should not, under any pretence thought of saving themselves as fast as they could, taking the road whatever, absent themselves without incurring his highest displea- to Romorantin: The English followed on full gallop, overthrowing * Vandreuil —a small town ofNormandy, diocese of Evreux, six leagues from Rouen. all they, could, without sparing theemselves or their horses. The t A town in Normandy, election of Conches. I A city in Normandy, twelve leagues from Evreux. * A large city in Berry, and an archbilshorpnc. ~ A village in Normandy, in the election of Alenton. t In Berry, diocese of Bourges, and eight leagues distant. it A small city in Normandy, diocese of Evreux, electionof Vernenil. $ Vierzon, accorting to a narginal note in D. Sauvage's edition. —ED..~ Thiliess ii a vllage of Pica rdy, near Montidier., ~ Romorantin —a considerable town on the Saudre, in Blaisois,.and capital of Sologu CHRONICLES OF E'NGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 101 slaughter was great, and many were killed and unhorsed. One half by some able and expert knights of France and Burgundy, who sent of them, however, got safe into the castle of Ronorantin, whose the king particular information of its movements. The king of gates were opened to receive them. There the three barons saved France then advanced to La Haye,* in Touraine. His army had themselves, as well as some knights and squires who were the best.crossed the Loire, by the bridges of Orleans, Mehun, Saumur, Blois mounted. Thle town of Romorantin was taken on the first arrival and Tours, and wherever else they could. There were such num. of the English, for it was not fortified. The remainder of the French hers of good and able men, that they were at least twenty thousand endeavored to escape by getting into the castle, men-at-arms, without reckoning the others: there were twenty.fivb dukes and earls, and upward of six score banners. The four young sons of the king were also with him; Charles duke of Normandy, C H A P T E R C IV I. the lord Lewis, who was afterwards duke of Anjou, the lord Jolw, since duke of Berry, and the lord Philip, the younger, who was TIHE PRINCE OP WALES TAItES TIlE CASTLE OF ItOMORANTIN. afterwards duke of Burgundy. afterwards duke of Burgundy. WHEN the prince of Wales was informed that his people had been About this time, pope Innocent VI; had sent into France two car. engaged, he hastened the march of jiis army toward Romorantin, dinals, sir Bertrand, cardinal of Perigord, and sir Nicholas, cardinal and, when he entered the town, found it full of men, who were d'Aigel,t to endeavor to make a peace between the king of France studying how they could take the castle. The prince called sir John and his enemies, and especially between him and the king of Navarre, Chandos, and ordered him to go and hold a parley with those in the who was still detained in prison. The two cardinals held frequent castle. Sir John vent to the barriers, and made a sign that he conferences with the king on this subject, during the siege of Bre. wished to speak with some one: those upon guard inquired his teuil, but were not able to bring it to a conclusion. The cardinal of name, by whom he was sent, and then went to inform their masters. Perigord had retired to the city of Tours, where he was informed Upon which, the lord of Boucicault and the hermit of Chaumont that the king of France was marching in all haste after the English. came down to the bars. WVhen sir John saw them, hlie saluted them, He therefore left Tours, and hastened to Poitiers, as he had learnt and said: "Gentlemen, I am sent to you by my lord the prince, who that the two armies were approaching near to each other in that wishes, as it appears to me, to behave courteously toward his ene- quarter. mies, and thus says, that, if you will surrender the castle and your- When the king of France heard that the prince of Wales was selves, he will show you mercy, and give you good company." The making as much haste as possible to return, he did not think hlie could lord of Boucicault replied: "We have no sort of inclination to ac- any way escape from him. He marched fromn La Haye, with his cept of such terms, nor to commit such an act of folly without any whole army, and made for Chauvigny,t where he took up his quarters necessity; for we are determined to defend ourselves." Upon this on Thursday, as well in the town as without the walls, in meads they parted; and the prince ordered his men to quarters, for the next along the banks of the river Vienne. On the morrow, after break. day he meant to attack the castle: they were therefore commodi- fast, the king crossed the river at the bridge of Chauvigny, and im. ously lodged in the town of Romorantin, and close about it. agined that the English were just before him, but he was mistaken. On the next morning, the men-at-arms prepared themselves, and However, in the pursuit, upward of' forty thousand horse crossed the archers advanced under their respective banners, and made a this bridge on Friday; many others did so at ChMtelleraut;~ and all, sharp attack upon the castle. The archers, who had posted them- as they passed, took the road to Poitiers. On the other hand, the selves on the ditches, shot so justly, that scarcely any one dared to prince of Wales and his army were ignorant of the exact motions show himself on the battlements. Some got upon hurdles and doors, of the French; but they supposed they were not far distant, for their with pickaxes and miattocks in their hands, anud swam over the ditch, foragers found great'difficulties in procuring forage, of which the when they began to undermine the walls. Those within flung down whole army was in extreme want. They repented of the great upon them large stonies and pots of hot lime. On this occasion, waste they had made in Berry, Anjou, and Touraine, and that they there was slain on the part of the English, a squire called Remond had not more amply provisioned themselves. de Gederlach, who belonged to the division of the captal de Buch. It happened on this Friday, from the king of France in person The attack lasted the whole day, with little intermission. The Eng- passing the bridge of Chauvigny, and the great crowds which attended lish retreated, toward night, to their quarters, in order to take care him, that three great barons of France, the lord of Auxerre, the lord of the wounded; and on the morrow at sunrise, the marshals' trum- Raoul de Joigny, and the earl of Joigny, were obliged to remnain all pets sounded. All who were ordered for this assault got themselves that day in the town of Chauvigny, and a part of their people with in readiness: the prince of Wales himself attended in person, and them: the others passed over without baggage or armor except what by his presence mightily encouraged the English. A squire, of the they had on their backs. On the Saturday morning, they dislodged, name of Bernard, was killed close at his side, by a stone thrown crossed the bridge, and followed the army of the king, which was from the castle: upon which the prince swore, he would never move about three leagues off. They made for the open fields and the from that place until he had the castle and all in it in his power, and heaths, which were surrounded by woods, in order to arrive at immediately ordered reinforcements to the assault. Poitiers. This same Saturday, the prince decamped from a village Sonme of the wisest thought that they might use lances and ar- hard by, and sent forward a detachment to seek adventures, and to rows for ever in vain; and therefore they ordered cannons to be bring some intelligence of the French. They consisted of about brought forward, and dlso aqueraux, to fire le feu Gregeoist into the sixty men, well armed and mounted for the occasion. Among the lower court of the castle, so that it was all in a blaze. The fire in- knights were sir Eustace d'Ambreticourt and sir John de Guistelles. creased so much, that it gained a large tower which was covered By accident, they got on the heaths surrounded by the woods above with thatch. When those within the castle found that they must mentioned. The French soon saw they were enemies; they fixed either surrender themselves or perish by fire, the lord of Craon, the on their helmets, and unfurled their banners as quickly as they were lord of Boucicault, and the hermit of Chaumont, came down from able; when, fixing their lances in their rests, they stuck spurs to the castle, and surrendered themselves to the prince, who made them their horses. ride anrid attend him, as his prisoners: many other knights and The English no sooner perceived these Frenchmen, who were squires who were in the castle were set at liberty, and the castle was about two hundred lances, than they allowed themselves to be pur.destroyed. sued, as the prince and his army were not far distant: they therefore wheeled about, and made for the rutty road through the wood. The C HAPTER CLVIII. French chased them with shouts and a great noise, ant as they HE IN OF FRANCE LEAS A REAT AMY TO THE BATTLE OF galloped on, fell in with the army of the prince, which had halted rile KINC~G OF FRANCE L'EADS A O~REAT At%5'Y TO TRlE BATTLE OF h o Ru d among the heaths to wait for their companions. The lord Raoul de POITIERS. Joigny, and those under his banner, were advanced so far that they AFTER the taking of the castle of Romorantin, and the above. came right upon the banner of the prince: the engagment was very mentioned knights, the prince and his army marched forward as be- sharp, and sir Raoul fought well: however, he was made prisoner, fore, burning and destroying the country, in his approach to Anjou as were the earl of Joigny, the Viscount de Breuse, and the lord of and Touraine. The king of France, who had resided at Chartres, Chauvigny: the greater part were either slain or captured. By these;et out from that place and came to Blois,t where he remained two the prince learnt, that the king of France had marched forward, and days. He then came to Amrboise,( and then to Loches,li where he that he could not return without fighting him. Upon which he col. heard that the English were in Touraine, taking the road for their lected all the stragglers, and ordered that no one, under pain of return through Poitou; for the English army was constantly observed death, should advance or skirmish before the battalion of the marshals * lerai.I DM e psae eere oa They marched on this Saturday, from about nine o'clock until Rtqueraulz.a InDu Cange, this passage is referred to as authority for the word; lie vespers, when they came within small leagues of Poitiers. The alls it uchbins bellA. [Itseems tiat the aqueraslx were weapons projected Irom it e I' I. " the cannons, and not machines used for castisng the Greek fire. Froissart's words are,'et captal de Budh, sir Haymenon de Pomiers, sir Bartholomew Burg. ordolndreist i porter canons en avant et k traireen aqueraux et k lisu Greyeois." They otdes-cd cansscsrs to be brought up eand aeqoe-eau and GreekJitre to be shotfross thema. * A town in Tourine. on the Crense, twelve lesagues firom Toprs. — En.] j In some, it is d'Urgel. t Fen Gregeels, or feos Grecquois, was composed ofsulphmr, naptha, psitch, gum, and A A town in Poitln, on the Vienne. diocese of Poitiers, six leagues from Poitiers. bitumaen. It is only extinguislable by vinegar mixed with sands or urine, or bh raw ~ A town in Poitou, on the Vienne, diocese of Poitiers, ten leagues distant. hides. It swas first used by tml Greeks, about the year -60. For furthern accountis, see The Captel de Bitch. The title of captal hled anciently been affected by some of ancyclopaedia Britannica. word Fsire. i the most illustrious lorsls ofAquitaine. It seems that it was originally equivalent to the ~nA lsdlsase city cud bishopric, 00 the north side of the Loire, forty-four leagues title of cousst, anset stacked even Is susperiority, as tihe word capitalis announces, principal tad a Ioulf frosis Paris. chief. This dignity, at first personmidI, as well as all the others, became, in length oftime, ~ A ssnallcity'of Toursine, on the Loire, ten leagues from Blois. i attached to partichlsr fasmsilies, netd to the estates of which they were possessed. In the I[ A town in Touraine, on the tndre, diocese of Tous,. silty-nine leagues from Pauins time of the first dukes of Aquitsine, there were several captals; but th, title, perhaps by 102 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. herst and sir Eustace d'Arbreticourt were ordered to advance, and that is the only road for an attack, one must pass through the midst observe where the French were encamped. These knights, with of them. This lane has no other entry; and it is so narrow, that two hundred men well armed and mounted on their best steeds, set scarcely can four men ride through it abreast. At the end of this out, and soon perceived the French king's army. All the plain was lane, amid vines and thorns, where it is impossible to ride or march covered with men-at-arms; and these English could not refirain from in any regular order, are posted the men.at-arms on foot; and they attacking the rear of the French; they unhorsed many, and took have drawn up before them their archers, inthe manner of a harrow, som1 e prisoners, insomuch that the main army began to be in motion. so that it will be no easy matter to defeat them." The king asked, News was brought of this to the king of France, as he was on the in what manner they would advise him to attaclk them: "Sir," r&. point of entering the city of Poitiers: upon which he turned back, plied sir Eustace, "on foot: except three hundred of the most and ordered his whole army to do the same, and make for the open expert and boldest of your army, who must be well armed and ex. fields, so that it was very late before they were quartered. The cellently mounted, in order to break, if possible, this body of archers, English detachment returned to the prince, and related to him to and then your battalions must advance quickly on foot, attack the appearance of the French, that they were in immense numbers. men-at-arms hand to hiand, and combat them valiantly. This is the The prince, on hearing this, said, "God help us; we must now best advice toit I can give you; and, ift' any one know a better, let consider which will be the best manner to fight them the most ad- him say it." The king replied; "Thus shall it be then;" and, in vantageously." This night, the English were quartered in a very company ithli his two marshals, lie rode from battalion to battalion, strong position, among vineyards and hedges, and both armies were and selectedl, in cotoformity to their opinions, three hundred knighte well guarded. and squires of the greatest repute in his army, each well armined and mounted on the best of horses. Soon after, the battalion of the Germans was formed, who were to remain on horseback to assist the CHAP T E R C L I X. marsha s: they were commanded by tlhe earls of Saltzburg, Neydo, THE DiSFOSITION OF THE FRENCH BEFORE THE BATTLE OF rOITIE S. and Nassau. Kinig lohn was armed in royal armor, and nineteen others like ON the Sunday morning, the iing of France, who was very i- imm*. He had given his eldest son in charge to the lord of St. patient to combat the English, ordered a solemn mass to be sung in Venant, the lord of Landas, and the lord Theobald de Bodenay. his pavilion; and he and his four sons received the communion. The lord Geory de Chry carried the banner of France, as be. Mass being over, there came to him the duke of Orleans, the duke ig the niost valiant and prudent krnight of the army. The lord of ourontheear ofPonhie, he ordJams d Borbo, t~eing tile most valiant and prudenI knight of the army. The lord of Bouibon, the earl of Ponthieu, the lord James de Bourbon, the Reginald de Quenolle t, surnamed the Archpriest, wore the full duke of Athens, constable of France, the earl of Tancarville, the armor of the young earl of Alenaon. earl of Saltzburg, the earl of Dammartin, the earl of Vantadour, and many barons of France, as well as other great lords who held fiefs in the neighborhood, such as my lord of Clermont, sir Arnold d'AnC dreghen, marshal of France, the lord de St. Venant, the lord Johii de C H A P T E R C L X. Landas, the lord Eustace' de Ribeaumont, the lord de Fiennes, the THE CARDINAL Or PERIGORD ENDEAVORS TO HVARE PEACE BETWEEN THE lord Geoffry de Chargny, the lord of Chatillon, the lord of Sully, tile KINrh'G O FRANCE ANI) THE PRINCE O WALES, PREVIOuS TO THIE BATTLE lord of Nesle, sir Robert de Duras, and many more, according to a oF POITIERS. summons they had received for a council. They were a considera.. WHEN the battalions of the king of France were drawn up, and ble time debating: at last it was ordered, that the whole army should advance into the plain, and each lord should display his banner, nd each lord posted under his proper baner, and informed how they were to act, it was ordered, that ail those who were armed with push forward in the name of God arid St. Denis. Upon this, the lances should shorten them to the length of five feet, that they might trumpets of the army sounded, and every one got himself ready, be the more manaable, an that every one should take off his mounted his horse, and made for that part of the plain where the As te ble a thaeer on shu tae king'sbnnrasplntdndflttri n wd Thre tspurs. As the French were on the point of marching to their ene. kig's banner was planted and fluttering in the wind. There might mies, the cardinal de Perigord, who had left Poitiers that morning be seen all the nobility of France, richly dressed out in brilliant early cae fll alop p to the kig, min a low reverence, and early, came full grallop up to the king, making a low reverence, and armor, with banners and pennons* gallantly displayed; for all entreated him, with uplifted hands, for the love of God, to halt a the flower of the French nobility were there: no knight nor squire, moment, that he might speak to in:he thus began: " Most dear In 1110moment, that lie mnight speak to him: he, thus began: "Most dear for fear of dishonor, dared to remain at home. By the advice of the sire, you have here with you all the flower of knighthood of your constable and the niarshals, the arniy was divided into three bat-sieyohaeerwthoullhefwrofkgtodofor constable and the ntarshals, the army was divided into three bat- kingdom against a handful of people, such as the English are, when talions, each consisting of sixteen thousand men-at-arms, who had before shown themselves men of tried courae The duke of Or compared to your army; you niay have them upon other terms than brhtser, - by a battle; and it will be more honorable and profitable to you to leans commanded the first battalion, where there were thirty-six gain them by these means than to risk such a fine army, and such banners and twice as many pennons. The second was under the command of the duke of Normandy and his two brothers, the lord noble persons as you have now with you. I therefore beseech you, command of the due of Normady, and his two brothers, the iord in all hunmility, and by the love of God, that you will permit me to Lewis and lord John. The king of France commanded the third.e, and remonstrate with him on the dangerous si go to the prince, and remonstrate with him on the danger~ous situa-. While these three battalions were forming, the king called to tion he is in." The king answered, "It is very agreeable to us; him the lord Eustace de Ribeaumont, the lord John de Landas, and but make haste back atain." the lord Guiscard de Beaujeu, and said to them, "1Ride forward, as the lord Guiscard de eaje, and said to them, "Ride forard, as The cardinal upon this, set off, and went in all speed to the prince near the English army as you can, and observe their countenance, whom he found on foot in the midst of his army, in the thickest part taking notice of their numbers, and examine which will be the most of a vineyard When the cadinal came there, he dismounted, and of a viueyard. When the cardinal came there, he dismounted, and advantageous manner for us to combat them, whether on horseback advanced to the prince, who most affably received him, and, after he or on foot." The three knights leftthe king to obey his commands. had made his reverence, said: Fair son, if you have well considThe king was mounted upon a white palfrey, and, riding to the ered the great arry of the king of France, you will permit re to head of his army, said aloud: " You, men of Paris, Chartres, Rouen make up atters between you both, if I possibly can." The prince, make up matters between you both, if I possibly can."1 The prince, and Orleans, have been used to threaten what you would do to tha who was but in his youth, replied: "Sir, y own honor, and that of English, if you could find them, and wished much to meet them in my army saved, and I aml ready to listen tor any r~easonlable terms." arms: now, that wish shall be gratified: I will lead you to them; The cardinal answered: Fair son, you say well: and I will brin and let us see how you will revenge yourselves for all the mischief and damage they have done you; be assured we will not part with- * This custom of arminug several in like manneru to the comanderofan arminy. seeis out fighting." Those who heard him replied: " Sir, through God's to have bee imonal and was carried dssn to err Iticintlii's tine. Shahispes to have been usual, anid was carried dowvn to our Richard tl.'s time. Shaktspeare out fihting11 Thse whoheardhim rplied ir, troughGod'smakes Richard say in the/bourth scene of the last act: assistafce, we will most cheerfully meet them." At this instant the akes icrd sa i te orth scee tie ast act: "t think, there le six Riclimonds in the field: three knights returned, and pushing through the crowd, came to the Five savhe I slin i-sly, inslead of Jim." tD ~~~~~~~~~~~~Five have I shain to-day, instead of himn." king, who asked what news they had brought: sir Eustace de Ri- Also in the First part of h-lery IV. Douglas says: beaumont, whom his companions had requested to be their spokes- "Another king! they grow like hydiras' heads; man, answered: "Sir, we have observed accurately the English; I as tie Doil-as, Fatal to all those That wear these colors on them. What art thou, they may amount, according to our estimate, to about two thousand That counterfeit'st thle person of a king?" men-at-arms, four thousand archers, and fifteen hundred footmen. t His name was Arnaut de Cervole. They are in a very strong position; but we do not imagine they can "The fiamily of Cervole, Cervolle, or Servola, held a distinguished rank among tie make more thanli one battalion; nevertheless they have posted them- iliy f Prd A ut ws f t fiy. Soe thrs ke him a Gaon. because formerly all borderers on the Garonne were so called. selves with great judgment, have fortified all the road along the "Tie title of archipresbyter de Verniis, which Domn. Vaissete translates,'arch }ldge.side, and lined the hedges with part of their archers; for, as priest of Vezzins,' was given to himn, for though a knight an(i a married mani, hlie possessed an arclpriestship of that nanme. It is known, that HIugh, duke of France and neglect, was replaced isy othera, so that, toward the fourteenth century, there were so Burgundy, earl of Puris and Orleans, who died in 966, was surnanmed the Abbot, because, more than two catptals ackmnowledged, that ofBuch and that of Fransc. —Vide Gloss. though a layman, he possessed tie abbeys of St. Denis, St. Germanin-des-p rms, and St. Ds Gmuigs ad. oe 1. Gmpitahis. AiMtartin-de-Tours. Vizzins was probably an archpriestshlip, whose revenues Cervolie *'Tle pennsmon was the proper ensign of a bimhelor or simsple knight. Dou Fesne received. Omme cannotdetermiine shere it was situated, fi~r villages and harnlets of this uhows, that even squsires mighst 1sea pennons, pirsvided they could bring a sufficint suit name are in Anjou,' ouraine, Houergue, and in Brittany.".fyvsssals to the field. —.ote iss Gsrose's }filrtarsy.Ssstiqmsihtes. See also p. 206, vol. i., For fatilier particulars, I shall refer to M. de Zurlauben's memoir itself, in the xxv~t for an accountofthe banner and bsmneret, amid p. 256, vol. ii. I volume of the MLnmoires de l'Acadimie. In computing the numbercs of an ar'my, every man-at-arms should be cdup.ted as "In this same year [13661, about Trinity-day, sir Arnold de Cervole, surnamed the.hree' finm each hid his squmire to s)ear his lasnee, &c., and also his body squire. i Arahpriest, who comnandedi a lasrge body of men-at-arms in the kingdom of France. Villaret, in his Hlstory of France, says that th-ree thousand,nen-at-~trms amounted to was put to death by his own men, which rejoiced many." —See mona in the Gran~e ~aaly twelve thousand mien. Vol. v. 4th edit. p. 179. Chroniques do France, T. 3. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 102 about a treaty, if I can; for it would be a great pity, that so many of it. These were all the alterations the prince had made in his worthy persons, who are here, should meet in battle." The cardinal order of battle: he himself was with the main body, in the midst returned to the king of France, and said: " Sir, you have no occa- of the vineyards: the whole completely armed, with their horses sion to be so impatient to fight with them, for they cannot escape near them, if there should be occasion for them. They had fortified friom you: I therefore entreat you would grant them a truce from and inclosed the weaker parts, with their wagons and baggage. this time, until to-morrow's sunrise." The king at first would not I wish to name some of the most renowned knights who were agree to it, for a part of his council refused their consent: however, with the prince of Wales. There were Thomas Beauchamp ear' the cardinal spoke so eloquently, that the king at last assented. He of Warwick, John Vere earl of Oxford, William Montacute earl of ordered a very handsome and rich pavilion of red silk to be pitched Salisbury, Robert Hufford earl of Suffolk, Ralph lord Stafford, the on the spot where he stood, and dismissed his army to their quarters, earl of Stafford, the lord Richard Stafford, brother to the earl, sir except the battalion of the constable and marshals. John Chandos, the lord Reginald Cobham, the lord Edward Spen. All this Sunday, the cardinal rode from one army to the other, cer, the lord James Audley and his brother the lord Peter, the lord and was very anxious to reconcile the two parties. But the king Thomas Berkley (son of the lord Maurice Berkley, who died at would not listen to any other terms than that four principal persons Calais nine years before,) Ralph lord Basset of Drayton, John lord of the English should be given up to his will, and that the prince Warren (eldest son to John Plantagenet, late earl of Warren, Strath. and his army should unconditionally surrender themselves. Many erm and Surrey, by his first lady, Maude de Hereford,) Peter lord proposals were made: the prince offered to surrender to the king of Mauley, the sixth of the name, the lord John Willoughby de Eresby France all the towns and castles which he had conquered in this the lord Bartholomew de Burghersh, the lord William Felton and expedition; to give up, without ransom, all his prisoners, and to the lord Thomas Felton his brother, the lord Thoma~ Bradestan; sir swear he would not for seven years take up arms against the king of Walter Pavely, sir Stephen Cossington, sir Matthew Gournay, sir France. The king and his council refused to accept of this, and William de la More, and other English. From Gascony, there were the affair remained some time in suspense: at last, they declared the lord of Pumiers, the lord d'Albret, the captal de Buch, the lord that, if the prince of Wales and one hundred of his knights did not John de Chaumont, the lord dke lEsparre, the lord of Rosen, the lord surrender themselves prisoners to the king of France, he would not of Cousen, the lord de Montferrand, the lord de Landulas, the lord allow them to pass on without an engagement. The prince and his Souldich de la Traine,* and many more whom I cannot remembers army disdained accepting of such conditions. Of Hainaulters, there were sir Eustace d'Ambreticourt, the lord John While the cardinal was riding fromone army to the other, en- de Guystelle, and two other strangers, the lord Daniel Phaselle and deavoring to make peace, some knights of either party rode forth, Lord Denis de Morbeque. The whole army of the prince, includ skirting their enemy's army, to examine its disposition. It chanced, ing every one, did not amount to eight thousand; when the French, on that day, that sir John Chandos had rode out near one of the counting all sorts of persons, were upward of sixty thousand comwings of the French army, and lord John de Clermont, one of the batants; among whom were more than than three thousand knightst. king's marshals, had done the same, to view the English. As each knight was returning to his quarters, they met; they both had the same device upon the surcoats which they wore over their other H PT R CLI. clothes; it was a Virgin Mary, embroidered on a field azure, or, encompassed with the rays of the sun argent.* On seeing this, lord THE BATTLE OF POITIERS, BBTWEEN THE PRINCE OF WALES AND TiN Clermont said: "Chandos, how long is it since you have taken upon KING OF FRANcE. you to wear my arms?" "It is you who have mine," replied Chan- WHEN the prince of Wales saw, from the departure of the cardinal dos; "for it is as much mine as yours." "I deny that," said the without being able to obtain any honorable terms, that a battle was lord of Clermont; "and were it not for the truce between us, I inevitable, and that the king of France held both him and his army would soon show you that you have no right to wear it." " Ha," in great contempt, he thus addressed himself to them: "Now, my answered sir John Chandos, "you will find me to-morrow in the gallant fellows, what though we be a small body when compared to field, ready prepared to defend, and to prove by force of arms, that the army of our enemies; do not let us be cast down on that account, it is as much mine as yours."'rhe lord of Clermont replied: for victory does not always follow numbers, but where Almighty " These are the boastings of you English who can invent nothing GoD pleases to bestow it. If, through good fortune, the day shall be new, but take for your own whatever you see handsome belonging ours, we will gain the greatest honor and glory in this world; if the to others." With that thley parted, without more words, and each contrary should happen, and we be slain, I have a father and beloved. returned to his own army. The cardinal de Perigord, not being able brethren alive, and you all have some relations, or good friends, who by any means to reconcile the king and prince, returned to Poitiers will be sure to revenge our deaths. I therefore entreat you to exert late in the evening. That same day the French kept in their quar- yourselves, and combat manfully; for, if it please God and St; ters, whore they lived at their ease, having plenty of provisions; George, you shall see me this day act like a, true knight."t By while the English, on the other hand, were but badly off, nor did such words and arguments as these, the prince harangued his men; they know whither to go for forage, as they were so straitly kept by as did the marshals, by his orders; so that they were all in high the French, they could not move without danger. This Sunday they spirits. Sir John Chandos placed himself near the prince, to guard made many mounds and ditches round where the archers were and advise him; and never, during that day, would he, on any ac posted, the better to secure them. count, quit his post. On Monday morning, the prince and his army were soon in readi- The lord James Audley remained also a considerable time near ness, and as well arrayed as on the former day. The French were him; but, when he saw that they must certainly engage, he said to also drawn out by sunrise. The cardinal, returning again that the prince: " Sir, I have ever served most loyally my lord your father,. morning, imagined that, by his exhortations, he could pacify both and yourself, and shall continue to do so, as long as I have life. Dear parties; but the French told him to return where he pleased, and not sir, I must now acquaint you, that formerly I made a vow, if ever attempt bringing them any more treaties or pacifications, else worse I should be engaged in any battle where the king your father or any might betide him. When the cardinal saw that he labored in vain, of his sons were, that I would be the foremost in the attack, and the he took leave of the king of France, and set out toward the prince best combatant on his side, or die in the attempt. I beg therefore - of Wales, to whom he said: "Fair son, exert yourself as much as most earnestly, as a reward for any services I may have done, that possible, for there must be a battle; I cannot by any means pacify you would grant me permission honorably to quit you, that I may the king of France." The prince replied, " that such were the post myself in such wise to accomplish my vow." The prince intentions of him and his party; and God defend the right." The granted this request, and, holding out his hand to him, said;" Sir.: cardinal then took leave of him, and returned to Poitiers. In his James, God grant that you may this day shine in valor above all company, there were some knights and men-at-arms more inclined other knights." The knight then set off, and posted himself at the to the French than to the English, who, when they saw that a battle front of the battalion, with only four squires whom he, had detained was unavoidable, stole away from their master, and, joining the with him to guard his person. This lord James was a prudent'and French forces, chose for their leader the castellan of Ampostat, who valiant knight; and by his advice the army had thus been drawn up, at that time was attached to the cardinal. The cardinal knew in order of battle. Lord James began to advance, in order to figtit nothing of this, until he was arrived at Poitiers. with the battalion of the marshals. In like manner, sir Eustace: "? The arrangement of tie prince's army, in respect to the battalions, d'Ambreticourt took great pains to be the first to engage, and was w'as exactly the same as what the three knights before named had so, or near it: and, at the same time that lord James Audley wasf:clated to the king of France, except at this time he had ordered pushing forward to seek his enemies, it thus befel sir:Eustaee. If some valiant and intelligent knights to remain on horseback, similar so the battalion of the French marshals, and haHl also commanded * He is called sir Sandich de la Trane in the account of the knights of the garter,.I- hreeI —— 3 - hd m-at-arms, and amnyrce o rb to —.See Anstis's Order of tihe Garter,where there is a shortm history of him. He supposes thethemselvres onatheright ond a smallhill,'thatwas on ot too steepword Seuldich (but says he can nowhere find the meaning of it) to be that of somapost themselves on the rght on a small hill, that was not too steep office. like to captal, which, in the custons of Bordeaux, article 75, is ranked with~thq. nor too high, and, by passing over its summit, to get round the wing viscounts and barons. of the duke of Normandy's battalion, who was in person at the foot t Noow sirs, though we be but a small company, as in regarde to the puyssance~of thoe ennemyes, let us nat be abasshed therefore, for the vyctorie lyeth nat in the multitude of people but wher as God wyll sende it, if it fortune that the iourney be o00, we sshat * This blazonry seems erroneous; at all events it is incorrectly expressed. The words be the most honoured people of all the worlde; and if we dye in our rightquarell, I have ~ hi Sauvage's ed. are "une bleue Dame ouvrie d'une brodure, an ray du soleil:" a blue the kyng my father and bretherne, and also ye have good f'endes and k'~ynsmen; Chese A ladossna asorked jam enbrsmdcry, sara-smded by s unbeams and it is the same in Lord shall reuenge us. Therfore sirs, for Goddes sake, I requyre you do your deuoyersrthi. Ssrners. —ED. day, for if God be pleased and Saynt George, this day ye shall se me a good'knyght -- * t Among the cortes of Spain was the castellan of Amposta.. LORD BeaReas. 104 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &C. mentioned before that the Germans attached to the French interest i small bush on his right hand, with his banner beside him, and ten oi were drawn up in one battalion on horseback, and remained so, to twelve of his people; upon which he ordered two of his squires and assist the marshals. Sir Eustace d'Amnibreticourt, bei-,g mounted, three archers to place the body upon a shield, carry it to Poitiers, placed his lance in its rest, and, fixing his shield, stuck spurs into his and present it from him to the cardinal of Perigord, and say, that horse, and galloped up to this battalion. A German knight, called " I salute him by that token." This was done; for he had been lord Lewis von Coucibras (who bore for arms five roses, gules, on a informed how the suite of the cardinal had remained in the field of shield argent, while those of sir Eustace were ermine, three humets, battle in arms against him, which was not very becoming, nor a fit in pale gules,) perceiving sir Eustace quit his army, left his battalion, deed for churchmen to do, as they, under pretext of doing good and that was under the command of earl John of Nassau, and made up establishing peace, pass from one army to the other, they ought not to him: the shock of their meeting was so violent, that they both ther fore to take up arms on either side. These, however, had done fell to the ground. The German was wounded in the shoulder, so so, at which the prince was much enraged, and for thishad sent the that he could not rise again so nimbly as sir Eustace, who, when cardinal his nephew sir Robert de Duras, and was desirous of strik. upon his legs, after he had taken breath, was hastening to the knight ing off the head of the castellan of Amposta, who had been made that lay on the ground; but five German men-at-arms came upon prisoner, notwithstanding he belonged to the cardinal; but sir John him, struck him down, and made him prisoner. They led him to Chandos said," My lord, do not think of such things at this moment, those that were attached to the earl of Nassau, who did not pay when you must look to others of the greatest importance; perhaps much attention to him, nor do I know if they made him swear him. the cardinal may excuse himself so well, that you will be convinced self their prisoner: but they tied him to a car with some of their he was not to blame." harness. The prince, upon this, charged the division of the duke of Athen.s, The engagement now began on both sides: and the battalion and very sharp the encounter was, so that many were beaten down. of the marshals was advancing before those who were intended to The French, who fought in large bodies, cried out, " Montjoye St. break the battalion of the archers, and had entered the lane where Denis!" and the English answered them with, "St. George fol the hedges on both sides were lined by the archers; who, as soon as Guienne!" The prince next met the battalion of Germans, under they saw them fairly entered, began shooting with their bows in the command of the earl of Saltzburg, the earl of Nassau, and the such an excellent manner, from each side of the hedge, that the earl of Neydo; but they were soon overthrown, and put to flight. -horses, smarting under the pain of the wounds made by their bearded The English archers shot so well, that none dared to come within arrows, would not advance, but turned about and, by their unruli- reach of their arrows, and they put to death many who could not ness, threw their masters, who could not manage them, nor could ransom themselves. The three above-named earls were slain there, those that had fallen get up again for the confusion: so that this bat- as well as many other knights and squires attached to them. In the talion of the marshals could never approach that of the prince: how- confusion, sir Eustace d'Ambreticourt was rescued by his own men, ever, there were some knights and squires that were so well mounted, who remounted him; he afterwards performed many gallant deeds that, by the strength of their horses, they passed through, and broke of arms, and made good captures that day. the hedge, but, in spite of their efibrts, could not get up to the bat- When the battalion of the duke of Normandy saw the prince ad. talion of the prince. The lord James Audley, attended by his four vancing so quick upon them, they bethought themselves how to squires,* had placed himself, sword in hand, in front of this bat- escape. The sons of the king, the duke of Normandy, the earl of talion, much before the rest, and was performing wonders. He had Poitiers, the earl of Touraine, who were very young, too easily be. advanced through his eagernes~ so far, that he engaged the lord lieved what those under whose management they were placed said Arnold d'Andreghen, marshal of France, under his banner, when to them; however, the lord Guiscard d'Angle and sir John de they fought a considerable time, and the lord Arnold was roughly Saintr6, who were near the earl of Poitiers, would not fly, but rushed enough treated. The battalion of the marshals was soon after put into the thickest of the combat. The three sons of the king, acto the route by the arrows of the archers, and the assistance of the cording to the advice given them, galloped away, with upward of men-at arms, who rushed among them, as they were struck down, eight hundred lances who had never been near the enemy, and took and seized and slew them at their pleasure. The lord Arnold d'An- the road to Chauvigny. When the lord John de Landas, who, with dreghen was there made prisoner but by others than the lord James the lord Theobald de Bodenay and the lord of St. Venant, were the Audley or his four squires; for that knight never stopped to make guardians of the duke of Normandy, had fled with hinm a good any one *prisoner that day, but was the whole time employed in league, they took leave of him, and besought the lord of St. Venant fighting and following his enemies. In another part, the lord John not to quit him until they were all arrived at a place of safety; for, Clermont fought under his banner as long as he was able; but, being'by doing thus, he would acquire more honor than if he were to re. struck down, he could neither get' up again nor procure his ransom: main on the field of battle. On their return, they met the division he was killed on the spot. Some say, this treatment was owing to of the duke of Orleans. quite whole and unhurt, who had fled from his altercation on thp preceding day with sir John Chandos. behind the rear of the king's battalion. True it is, there were many In a short time, this battalion of the marshals was totally discomrn- good knights and squires among them, who, notwithstanding the fited; for they fell back so much on each other, that the army could flight of their leaders, had much rather have suffered death than the not advance, and those who were in the rear, not being able to get smallest reproach.t The king's battalion advanced in good order, forward, fell back upon the battalion commanded by the duke of to meet the English; many hard blows were given with swords, Normandy, which was broad and thick in the front, but it was soon battle-axes, and other warlike weapons. The king of France, with the bin enough in the rear; for, when they learnt that the marshals had lord Philip his youngest son, attacked the division of the marshals, been defeated, they mounted their horses and set off. At this time, the earls of Warwick and Suffolk; there were also with the mara body of English came down from the hill, and, passing along the shals some Gascons, such as the captal de Buch, the lord of Pumiers, battalions on horseback, accompanied by a large body of arch ers, the lord Amery de Charree, the lord of Languran, the lord de l'Esfell upon one of the wings of the duke of Normandy's division. To trade. The lord John de Landas, with the lord Theobald de Bodenay, say the truth, the English archers were of infinite service to their returning in good time, dismounted, and joined the battalion of the army; for they shot so thickly and so well, that the French did not king. On one side, the duke of Athens, constable of France, was know which way to turn themselves, to avoid their arrows; by this engaged with his division; and, a little higher up, the duke of Bour. means they kept advancing by little and little, and gained ground. bon, surrounded with good knights, friom theBourbonois and Picardy. When the men-at-arms perceived that the first battalion was beaten, Near to these were the men of' Poitou, the lord de Pens, the lord do and that the one under the duke of Normandy was in disorder, and Partenay, the lord de Dampmaire, the lord de Montabouton, the lord beginning to open, they hastened to mount their horses, which they de Surgeres, the lord John de Saintr6, the lord Guiscard d'Angle, had, ready prepared, close at hand. As soon as they were all mounted, the lord d'Argenton, the lord de Linieres, the lord de Montrande, they gave a shout of "St. George, for Guienne!" and sir John the viscount de Rochechouart, the earl of Aulnoy. Many others Chandos said to the prince," Sir, sir, now push forward, for the day were also engaged, such as the lord James de Beaujeu, the lord of is ours: God will this day put it in your hand. Let us make for our Chateau-Villain, and other knights and squires firom Burgundy. In.adversary the king of France; for where he is will -lie the main another part were the earls of Vantadour and Montpensier, the lord.stress of the business; I well know *that his valor will not let him James de Bourbon, the lord John d'Artois, as:d the lord James his'fly; and he will remain with us,:if it please God and St. George; brother, the lord Arnold de Cervolle, surnamed the Arch-priest, but he must be well fought with; and you have before said, that _ -you would show yourself this day a good knight." The prince re- * This i icorrectly translated; the castellan's crneetion with the cardinal was tie;plied; " John, get forward; you shall not see me turn my back very reason why the Iprince desired his death. Lord Berners properly translates the -this day, but I will always be among the foremost." He then said words of the original, "pourtantqu'il estoit," "bycause hewas pertaynynge."-ED.:tIo sir Walter WMoodland, his banner~bearer, "( Banner, advance, in T My manuscripts make here a new chapter, and it beg-ins as ffillows: th nWamter WofGodland, his Ganneorge. Ter, k ni beyadvhe o "'aYou have heard before related in this history the battle of Crecy, and Ihow fortune, the name of God and St.t George;" The knight obeyed the com-,was mnarvellously unfavorahle to the French. They had equally ill-luck at tire bttle,mands of the prince.'In that. part, the battle was very hot, and ot Poitiers: for the French mel-at-arms were at least sevento one. It must themeflore be g greatly crowded; many a one was unhorsed; and you must know, looked upon as very unfortunate that, with this advantage, they could rot gain tiheiele -: that whenever any lone fell,'mhe could not getup again, unless he were fiom their enemies. But, to say the truth, this battle of Poitiers was much better hgh than that of Crecy: and the men-at-arms brad more leisure amid better opportunities to.quickly and well:assisted.'As;the prince was thus advancing upon observe their emmermies, than they had atCrecy: for that battle dil not begin beftrre ees-,his enemies, followed by his division, and upon the point of charg. pers, and with an army in disorder, while the battle of Poitiers commenced early ini the l:ing them, he perceived'the lord Robert de Duras lying dead near a morning, and the French army well arranged. There were many more gallant deeds Tperformed, without comparison, in this than in the former battle; and there were not ~ Their names were:t Dutton of. Dutton- Delves of Doddington —Fowlehurst of so many great lords slain. Those that were there behaved theraselves so loyat h &~. grew —Hawkestone of'Wainehil.-AsHmsoLa's Garter. their heirs. to this day, are honored for their sake." CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 105 armed as the young earl of Alengon. There were also from Au- CH PTER CLXII. vergne, the lord de Marcueil, the lord de la Tour, the lord de Chalenton, the lord de Montagu, the lord de Rochefort, the lord de la TWO FRENCHMEN, RUNNING AWAY FROM THE BATTLE OF POITIERS, ARE Chaire, the lord d'Achon; and from Limousin, the lord de Linal, PURSUED BY TWO ENGLISHMEN, WHO ARE THEMSELVES MADE FRISONERS. the lord de Naruel, and the lord Pierre de Buffiere. From Picardy, AMoNG the battles, skirmishes, flights and pursuits, which hapthere were the lord William de Merle, the lord Arnold de Renne. pened in the course of this day, an adventure befel sir Edward de val, the lord Geoffry de St. Dizier, the lord de Chauny, the lord de Roucy, which I cannot omit relating in this place. He had left the Hely, the lord de Monsant, the lord de Hagnes, and many others. field of battle, as he perceived the day was irrecoverably lost; and, not The lord Douglas,* from Scotland, was also in the king's battalion, wishing to fall in the hands of the English, was got about a league and for some time fought very valiantly; but, when hlie perceived off; when he was pursued by an English knight, his lance in rest, that the discomfiture was so complete on the side of the French, he who cried to him, "Sir knight, turn about: you ought to be ashamed saved himself as fast as he could; for he dreaded so much being thus to fly." Upon this, sir Edward halted, and the Englishman taken by the English, that he had rather have been slain. attacked him, thinking to fix his lance in his target; but he failed, The lord James Audley, with the assistance of his four squires, for sir Edward turned the stroke aside, nevertheless he did not miss was always engaged in the heat of the battle. HI-e was severely his own: with his spear he hit his enemy so violent a blow on the wounded in the body, head and face; and as long as his strength helmet, that he was stunned and fell to the ground, where he reand breath permitted him, he maintained the fight, and advanced mained senseless. Sir Edward dismounted, and, placing his lance forward: he continued to do so until he was covered with blood: on his breast, told him he would certainly kill him, if he did not then, toward the close of the engagement, his four squires, who were surrender himself his irisoner, rescued or not. The Englishbnan auras his hody-guard, took him, and led him out of tihe engagement, rendered, and went with sir Edward, who afterwards ransomed him. very weak and wounded, toward a hedge, that he might cool and It happened that, in the midst of the general pursuit, a squire from take breath. They disarmed him gently as they could, in order to Picardy, named John de Helennes, had quitted the king's division, examine his wounds, dress them, and sew up the most dangerous. and, meeting his page with a fresh horse, had mounted him, and King John, on his part, proved himself a good knight; and, if the made off as fast as he could. At that time, there wasnear to him fourth of his people had behaved as well, the day would have been the lord of Berkeley, a young knight, who, for the first time, had that his own. Those, however, who had remained with him acquitted day displayed his banner: he immediately set out in pursuit of him. themselves to the best of their power, and were either slain or taken When the lord of Berkeley had followed him for some little time, prisoners. Scarcely any who were with the. king attempted to John de Helennes turned about, put his sword under his arm in the escape. Among the slain, were the duke Peter de Bourbon, the manner of a lance, and thus advanced upon the lord Berkeley, who duke of Athens, constable of France, the hishop of Chalonst in taking his sword by the handle, flourished it, and lifted up his arm Champagne, the lord Guiscard de Beaujea, and the lord of Landas. in order to strike the squire as he passed. John de Helennes, seeing The archpriest, sir Theobald de Bodenay aind the lord of Pompadour, the intended stroke, avoided it, but did not miss his own; for as they were made prisoners, badly wounded. In another part of the field passed each other, by a blow on the arm he made lord Berkeley's -f battle, the earls of Vaudemont and Genville, and the earl of Ven- sword fall to the ground. When the knight found that he had lost donie, were prisoners. Not far firom that spot were slain, the lord his sword, and that the squire had his, he dismounted, and made for William de Nesle and the lord Eustace de Ribeaumont, the lord de the place where his sword lay: but he could not get there before the la Tour and the Lord William de Montagu. The lord Lewis de squire gave him a violent thrust which passed through both his thighs, Melval, the lord Pierre de Buffiere and the lord de Senerach, were so that, not being able to help himself, he fell to the ground. John taken. In this engagement, upward of two hundred knights and upon this dismounted, and., seizilng the sword of the knight, advanced squires were killed or captured. A band of Norman knights still up to him and asked himnif he were willing to surrender. The knight kept up the battle, in another part of the field; and of these, sir required his name: " I am called John de Helennes," said hie, "what Guinenton de Chambly and sir Baudrin de la House were slain: is your name?" "In truth, companion," replied the knight, "' my many others were discomfited, who were fighting in small bodies. name is Thomas, and I am lord of Berkeley, a very handsome castle * Lord Douglas, forgetful of his religions pilgrirmage, off'ered his sword to the French situated on the river Severn, on the borders of Wales." Lord of king. Hewas received with distinguished honors,'vwas made a knight of his hande,' Berkeley," said the squire, /"ybu shall be my prisoner: I will place Scala Chron. ap. Leland, and Isis service sras accepted. To say that a person received you in safety, and take care you are healed, for you appear to me to the honor of knighthood, is, in modern language, uninteresting, and sometimes it isiludi- e badly wounded." The knight answered, I suede yself 11 ~~~~~~be badly wounded." The knight' answered, "I surrender mnyself crous. This must always be the case, when names and ceremonies are retained, while from a total change of manners, that which gave dlignity to such names and ceremonies willingly, for you have loyally conquered me." He gave him his is forgotten by the vulgar. word that he would be his prisoner, rescued or not. John then drew " Great carnage was mt5de of the Scots at the battle of Poitiers. Lord Douglas, after his sword out of the kniight's thighs and the wounds remained open; having been wounded, was forced off the field by his surviving companions. Archibal but le bound then up tightly, and, placisg him on his hose, led him Douglas, a warrior eminent in our history, fell into the power of thie enemy; but, by the a footpace to Chteeraut. He contined there, out o fesip extraordinary presence of mind of sir William Ramisay of Colluthy, he was concealed, and e.aped unknown. T'ihe story of Archibald Douglas's escape, as related byFor- to him, for fifteen days, and had medicines administered to him dun, is curious. It shallbe translated as nearly as possible in hIis own manner.'Archi- When the knight was a little recovered, he had him placed in a litter, bald Douglas, having been made prisoner along with tihe rest, appeared in more sump- and conducted him safe lo his house in Picardy; where he remainem tuous armor than the other Scottish prisoners; and, therefore, he was supposed by the more than a year befoe e was quite cured, thoug he contiued English us be some great lord. Late in the evening after the battle, when the English were about to strip off his armor, sir William Ramsay ofColluthy, happening to be pres- lame; and when he departed, hlie paid for his ransom six thousand ent, fixed his eyes on Archibald Douglas, and affecting to le in a violent passion, cried nobles, so that this squire became a knight by the great profit he got out, "You cursed, damnable murderer, how comes it, in tihe name of mischief(ex porte from the lord of Berkeley. daboli,) that you are thus proudly decked out in your master's armor? Come hither, and pull off my beots." Douglas approached trembling, kneeled down, and pulled off one of the boots. Ramsnay, taking up tihe boot, beat Douglas with it. The Eng CHAPTER CLXIII. lish bystanders, imagining him out of his senses, interposed, and rescued Douglas. They said, that tihe person whom hlie had beaten was certainly of great rank, and a THE MANNER IN WHICH KING JOHN WAS TAKEN PRFISONER AT THE lord. "What, hlie a lord?" cried Ramsay: "lie is a scullion, and a base knave, and HATTLE OF POITIERS. as I suppose, has killed his master. Go, you villain, to the field, search for the body of my cousin, your master; and when you have found it, conme back, that at least IT often happens, that fortune in war and love turns out more fav I may give him a decent bunal." Then he ransomed the feigned serving-man for orable and wonderful than could have been hoped for or expected forty shillings; and, having buftfeted himo smartly, he cried, Get you gone; fly." To say the truth, this battle which was fought near Poitier, in the Douglas bore all this patiently, carried on the deceit, and was soon beyond the plains of eauvoir and upertius, rs very boody ad perilous: read' ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~plains of Beauvoir and M aupertius, was very bloody and perilous: teach of his enemies.' "This story, as to some of its circumstances, may not seem altogether probable; many gallant deeds of arms were performed that were never known, ret, in the main, it has the appearance of truth. Had I been at liberty to vary thie and the combatants oni each side suffered much. King John himself narrative, I would have made Ramsay suspect, that the feigned serving mun had did wonders: ho was aimed with a bittle-axe, with which he fought stripped his master, after he had been slain or mortally wounded. This Archibald was the natural son of the renowned sir James Douglas, slain by the Saracens in and defended himself. The earl of Tancarville, in endeavoring to Granada."-LoRD HAILIC'S A/nnals of Scotland, vol. i. pp. 240, 245. brealk through the crowd, was made prisonier close to him: as were tThe bishop of Clialoss. We see, by the example of this prelate and of the archbishop also sir James de Bourbon, earl tf Ponthieu, and the lord John d'Al ofSens, who assisted at the battle of Poitiers, that the custom, arising out of the feudal tois, earl of Eu. In another part, a little farther off, the lord Charles law, which obliged ecclesiastics to personal service in the armies, subsisted in many parts of France The hews of the church condemsned this practice, to which their tenporal dArtois and many other knights and squires were captured by the possessions subjected the clergy. This contradiction inthe form of our government with division under the banner of the captal de Buch. The pursuit con tis spirit of our religion existed until the practice was insensibly abolished by different dis- tined even to the gates of Poitiers, where there was much slaughte pensations, and exchanged fir contributions of money and men. Francis I. by Ihis edict and overthrow of men and horses; for the iihabitants of Poitiers of the 4th July, 1541, regulated the clauses for their exemption. Since that period,. t heaes clergy have been exempted from service of ban and arriere ban, by differentletters patent, had shut their gates, and would suffer none to enter: upon which and particularly by an edict ofthe29tlh April, 1636, underLewis Xlll.-VILaIaT, A THist. account, there was great butchery on the causeway, before the gate, Ade lb-nce, vol- v.2.o 1.where such numbeus were killed or wounded, that several surrentcdered themselves the moment they spied an Englishman: and the'e were many English archers who had four, five, or six prisoners. The lord of Pens, a powerful baron in Poitou, was slain there, as * This chump. in the originsal eel. is numbered CLX. scnd chap. XIX. is there numberes XV[tI.; consequently from the latter point to tisis chapter, the present numberiing is onei higher, and huenceforwanm will be two higher, thiai thie original ed. of 3ir. Johsnes. Thia is here noticed to avoid r onfusion in quotations. —Ea. 106 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. were several other knights and squires. The viscount de Roche- the same time, as belonging to each of them. The two barons then chouart, the lords de Partenay and de Saintonge, and the lord of pushed through the crowd by main force, and ordered all to draw Montendre, were taken prisoners: as was the lord John de SaintrB, aside. They commanded, in the name of the prince, and under pain but so beaten that he never afterwards recovered his health: he was of instant death, that every one should keep his distance, and not apt ooked upon as the most accomplished knight in France. The lord proach unless ordered or desired so to do. They all retreated behind Guiscard d'Angle was left for slain among the dead: he had fought the king; and the two barons, dismounting, advanced to the king well that day. The lord de Chargny, who was near the king, com- with profound reverences, and conducted him in a peaceable manner bated bravely during the whole engagement: he was always in the to the prince of Wales. crowd, because he carried the king's sovereign banner: his own also was displayed in the field, with his arms, which were three escutch. eons argent on a field gules. The English and Gascons poured so fast upon the king's division that they broke through the ranks by force; and the French were so intermixed with their enemies, that at times there were five men attacking one gentleman. The lord of _ — Pompadour and the lord Bartholomew de Brunes were there captured. The lord de Chargny* was slain, with the banner of France in his hands, by the lord Reginald Cobham; and afterwards the earl of Dammartin shared the same fate. There was much pressing at this time, through eagerness to take the king; and those who were nearest to him, and knew him, cried out, " Surrender yourself, surrender yourself, or you are a dead man.".n that part of the field was a young knight from St. Omer, who was engaged by a salary in the service of the king of England; his name was Denys de Morbeque; who for five years had attached himself to the English, on account of having been banished in his younger days from France for a murder committed in an affray at St. Omer. It fortunately happened for this knight that he was at the time near to the king of France, when he was so much pulled about; he, by dint of force, for he was very strong and robust, pushed through the crowd, and said to the king in good French, "Sire, sire, surrender', yourself." The king, who found himself very disagreeably situated, turning to him, asked, " To whom shall I surrender myself: to whom? Where is my cousin the prince of Wales? if I could see him, I would speak to him." " Sire," replied sir Denys, " he is not here; but surrender yourself to me, and I will lead you to him." " Who EDWARD THI BLACK PRINCE-From the Tomb at Canterlurr are you?" said the king. " Sire, I am Denys de Morbeque, a knight from Artois; but I serve the king of England, because I cannot belong to France, having forfeited all I possessed there," The king C H A P T E R C L X I V. then gave him his right hand glove, and said, "I surrender myself to TILE PRINCE OF WALES MAKES A HANDSOME PRESENT TO THE I t.ID you." There was much crowding and pushing about, for every one JAMES AUDLEY, AFTER THE BATTLE OF POITIERS. was eager to cry out, "I have taken him." Neither the king nor SooN after the earl of Warwick and the lord Reginald Cobham his youngest son Philip were able to get forward, and free themselves had left the prince, as has been above related, he inquired from those from the throng. knights who were about him of lord James Audley, and asked if any The prince of Wales, who was as courageous as a lion,t took great one knew what was become of him: " Yes, sir," replied some of the delight that day to combat his enemies. Sir John Chandos, who was company, " he is very badly wounded, and is lying in a litter hard near his person, and had never quitted it during the whole of the by." "By my troth," replied the prince, " I am sore vexed that he day, nor stopped to make prisoners, said to him toward the end of is so wounded. See, I beg of you, if he be able to bear being carried the bat le; "Sir, it will be proper for you to halt here, and plant your hither: otherwise I will come and visit him." Two knights directly banner on the top of this bush, which will serve to rally your forces, left the prince, and coming to lord James, told him how desirous the that seem very much scattered; for I do not see any banners or pen- prince was of seeing him. " A thousand thanks to the prince," nons of the French, nor any considerable bodies able to rally against answered lord James, "for condescending to remember so poor a us; and you must refresh yourself a little, as I perceive you are very knight as myself." He then called eight of his servants, and had much heated." Upon this the banner of the prince was placed on a himself borne in his litter to where the prince was. When he was high bush: the ministrels began to play, and trumpets and clarions to come into his presence, the prince bent down over him, and emdo their duty. The prince took off his helmet, and the knights at- braced him, saying; " My lord James, I am bound to honor you very tendant on his person, and belonging to his chamber, were soon much; for, by your valor this day, you have acquired glory and reready, and pitched a small pavilion of crimson color, which the prince nown above us all, and your prowess has proved you the bravest entered. Liquor was then brought to him and the other knights who knight." Lord James replied; "l My lord, you have a right to say were with him: they increased every moment; for they were return- whatever you please, but I wish it were as you have said. If I have ing from the pursuit, and stopped there surrounded by their prisoners. this day been forward to serve you, it has been to accomplish a vow As soon as the two marshals were come back, the prince asked that I had made, and it ought not to be thought so much of." " Sir them if they knew anything of the king of France: they replied, James,'" answered the prince, " I and all the rest of us deem you the "No, sir, not for a certainty; but we believe he must be either killed bravest knight on our side in this battle; and to increase your renown, or made prisoner, since he has never quitted his battalion." The and furnish you withal to pursue your career of glory in war, I retain prince then, addressing the earl of Warwick and lord Cobham, said; you henceforward, for ever, as my knight, with five hundred marcs* "I beg of you to mount your horses, and ride over the field, so that of yearly revenue, which I will secure to you from my estates in on your return you may bring me some certain intelligence of him." England." "Sir," said lord James, "God make me deserving of the The two barons, immediately mounting their horses, left the prince, good fortune you bestow upon me." At these words he took leave and made for a small hillock, that they might look about them: from of the prince, as he was very weak, and his servants carried him back their stand they perceived a crowd of men-at-arms on foot, who were to his tent: he could not have been at a great distance, when the advancing very slowly. The king of France was in the midst of earl of Warwick and lord Reginald Cobham entered the pavilion of them, and in great danger; for the English and Gascons had taken the prince, and presented the king of France to him. The prince him from sir Denys de Morbeque, and* were disputing who should made a very low obeisance to the kMingi ands:gave him as much corn have him, the stoutest bawling out, "It is I that have got him:"' fort as he was able, which he knew; well' how to administer. He "No, no," replied the others, "we have him." The king, to escape ordered wine and spices to be brought, which he presented to the from this peril, said, " Gentlemen, gentlemen, I pray you conduct me king himself, as a mark of his great affection. and my son in a courteous manner to my cousin the prince; and do not make such a riot about my capture, for I am so great a lord that I can make all sufficiently rich." These words, and others whichR C XV. fell from the king, appeased them a little; but the disputes were always beginning again, and they did not move a step without riot- THE ENGLISH GAIN VERY CONSIDERABLY AT THE BATTLE OF POITIERS. ing. When the two barons saw this troop of people, they descended THUS was this battle won, as you have heard related, in the plains from the hillock, and sticking spurs into their horses, made up to of Maupertius, two leagues from the city of Poitiers, on the 19th them. On their arrival, they asked what was the mnatter: they were day of September, 1356.t It commenced about nine o'clock, and answered, that it was the king of France, who had been made prisoner, and that upward of ten knights and squires challenged him at 8 The mare is 3s.4d —PHILLIPS t Froissart calls it on the 22nd day of September, 1357; but Bouchet proves it to be e mistake, in his Annales d'Aquitaine, from the regiates of the convent where the noble* Monseigneur Geoffroy de Chargny.-D. SAUvAor. I men that were slain were buried: and in my two MISS. itis 1356. Also in the Annales t Courageous and cruel as a lion, says Lord Berners; the edition of D. Sauvage has Rerum Anglicarum, Wilhelmi Wincester, 136. " Hoc anno, xix die Septembris, captio the ame woead I is Johannis Franciae, per Edwardum principem." CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 107 was ended by noon; but the English were not all returned from the prize and garland for it." At the end of this speech there were pursuit, and it was to recall his people that the prince had placed his murmurs of praise heard from every one; and the French said, the banner upon a high bush. They did not return till late after vespers prince had spoken nobly and truly, and that he would be one of the from pursuing the enemy. It was reported that all the flower of most gallant princes in Christendom, if God should grant him life to French knighthood were slain; and that, with the king and his son pursue his career of glory.* the'Lord Philip, seventeen earls, without counting barons, knights or the lord Philip, seventeen earls, without counting barons, knights or Extract taken from the convent of the Frdres Mineurs, in the city of Poitiers, oftlhe equires, were made prisoners, and from five to six thousand of all names of those knights who were slain in the battle of'Poitiers, and other gentlemen that sorts left dead in the field. When they were collected, they found were buried in that convent. they had twice as many prisoners as themselves: they therefore con- "First, the underneath knights: The duke of Athens, constable of France Sir William de Linnieres sulted, if, considering the risk they might run, it would not be more Thebishop of Challon, (Regnauld Chaveau Sir Olivier de St. Giles advisable to ransom them on the spot. This was done: and the -Chronique de Wassebourg) Sir William de Romeneuil prisoners found the English and Gascons very civil, for there were M. Andrb, viscount de Chauvigny Sir John de Cranches many set at liberty that day on their promise of coming to Bordeaux Sir Lewis do Brosse M. Yvon do Pont, lord of Rochecheruie Sir John, lord of Mailly in Berry Sir William de Mongy before Christmas to pay their ransom. Sir Geoffi' y de Chargny in Champagne SirJohn de Tigny When all were returned to their banners, they retired to their M. de Montjouan Sir John Brigdene camp, which was adjoining to the field of battle. Some disarmed Sir John de Lisle Sir John de Noirterre themselves, and did the same to their prisoners, to whom they showed Sir Gris Mouton do Chambely Sir William do Paty Sir Peter de Chamobely, his brother Sir Robert de Chalus every kindness; for whoever made any prisoners, they were solely M. de Chatenau Vilain, in Champagne Sir Adam de Beauvillieri at his disposal, to ransom or not, as he pleased. It may be easily Sir John de Montigny Sir Bonabes de Roges supposed that all those who accompanied the prince were very rich Sir John de Maulmont Sir Vynies de St. Denis sir John do Bourbon Sir Mac6 do Grosbois in glory and wealth, as well by the ransoms of his prisoners, as by Sir Johil do Bonteon Sir Mac de Grosbois Sir Philip de Bontennillier Sir Louis de Nully the quantities of gold and silver plate, rich jewels, and trunks stuffed Sir Hugh de Maille Sir Simon Oynepuille full of belts, that were weighty from their gold and silver ornaments, Sir Geoffiry de St. l)izier Sir Henry, Ihis brother and furred mantles. They set no value on armor, tents, or other Sir Aymery de la Barre M. de Champrecour things; for the French had come there as magnificently and richly SirWilliam do Blese Sir William Sanvage Sir John de Grillon Sir William do ItRetail dressed as if they had been sure of gaining the victory. M. de Chitre, lord of Rademonde Sir Sequin de Cloux M. Clerin de Cherues 1. le Vidarme de la Roche Dagon M. Baudin (le Gargalingaen Sir Raol de Resay Sir Ansiaulme de Ilois Sir John de la IMirabeau C H A P T E R C L XVI. Sir Michael de Pomnmoy Sir Guiscard de Chantyion Sir Richard de Beaulieu M. Ancelin de Carou, lord of'Hes IE LORD JMES AUDE GIVES TO IS SQURES TE PENSION OF FIVE Sir William de Fuylle lI. Guy des Barres, lord of Chaumont. HUNDRED MARCS HE HAD RECEIVED FROM THE PRINCE. Sir Hugh Bonnyn Sir John de Cloys M. DBnnoe de Melon M. le Borgne de Prie. WHEN the lord James Audley was brought back to his tent, after Sir Willia de Greneur Sir William die Croneur having most respectfully thanked the prince for his gift, he did not SQUIRES. remain long before he sent for his brother sir Peter Audley, the lord Bernard de Douzenac.lohn Defeat Bartholomew Burghersh, sir Stephen Coffington, lord Willoughby of Robert Giles de Miraumont Guy do Bournay and lord William Ferrers of Groby: they were all his r Guicheaux de Maronnay Le Moine de Montigny Eresby, and lord William Ferre ts of Groby: they were all his rela- Girard de Pierre Guinet de Biysson,ions. He then sent for his four squires that had attended uponhim WVilliam de la Fosse John de Brinac that day, and, addressing himself to the knights, said: " Gentlemen, Robert de la Roche Pierre de Bras Ymnbert de Chamborant it has pleased my lord the prince to give me five hundred mares as a Joh ihe, lord of orbon rnt d'Agu - ~~~~~~~~~Celart Heraunsnt John Sarrayn yearly inheritance; for which gift I have done him very trifling CeHoart deHInpe dorausant Johnter de Sart. raenis yearly B~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~opart do H-anpedourt, Peter do St. Denis bodily service. You see here these four squires, who have always Guymno Pery Perrine de Pache served me most loyally, and especially in this day's engagement. William dela Jarracere Ferry Pate What glory I may have gained has been through their means, and by William Griso John Dynie William Griau John Dynie Olivier de Ia Rosay Le Petit d'Inchequin their valor; on which account I wish to reward them. I therefore Girard Delec Jehannot de Moutabis give and resign into their hands the gift of five hundred marcs, which Berart de Lemont Jolivet Buflhrt my lord the prince has been pleased to bestow on me, in the same leymronnet Ernbert John de Bournmeuille form and manner that it has been presented to me. I disinherit Jobert d'Artoy John Martin myself- otn i t tmRichalnrd de Vendel Ardouyn de la Touche myself of it, and give it to them simply, and without a possibility of William Soeurin William de Lusange revoking it." The knights present looked on each other, and said, John du Flume Le Petit Bidaut de la Rochedegon. " It is becoming the noble mind of lord James to make such a gift;" "Many other bodies slain at the aforesaid battle, by licence fi'om the official, and perand then unanimously added: " May the Lord God remember you mission of the mayor of Poitiers, were brought in carts from the Frmres Mineurs of that for t We will bearwitness to thisgt to tm wresoeer ad town, and buried in large graves in their church-yard, without tihe chlrch, thie feast-day for it! We will bear witness to this gift to them wheresoever and of St. Valentine, 1356; and honorable obsequies were performned in all the churches and whensoever they may call on us." They then took leave of him; convents in thie town of Poitiers, at the cost of tle good citizens ofthat town. when some went to the prince of Wales, who that night was to give "UUnderneath are the names of those who were buried in thle church of les Frdres Presahe supperwn to the kringe of Franes fi'omta hish ownrvsos: fo thve a supper to the king of France from his own provisions: for the cheurs, oftie ton' of Poitiers, whlich I have taken and extractedfrom thIe book called the Kalendar of the Con vent, and translated firom the Latin into French, chapter fifth. French had brought vast quantities with them, which were now fallen The duke of Bourbon on the right of the great altar. into the hands of the English, many of whom had not tasted bread Time mareclhal de Clermont on the opposite side. for the last three days. Lower down, Ibut near him, sir Aubert d'Anget. Atter him the viscount de Roclheehouart. In the middle of the choir, Aymer de a Rochlefoucault. At tihe entranceof tihe choir, on the rilght, Sir Jotla de Sancerre. CHAPTER C LX VII. Ins the clapel of the Magdalen, Sir Johln tie St. Didier. In tile same chapel, near the wall, Thibaut de Laoal. =tE PRINCE OF WALES ENTERTAINS THE KING OF FRANCE AT SUPPER, THE In the chapel of the Apostles, near thue wall, sir Thomas de Motuz. EVENING AFTER TIHE BATTLE. In the chapel ofour lady, sir Walter de Montagu. Adjoining to him. sir Raoul Rabinard. W.H EN evening was come, the prince of Wales gave a supper in In thIe nave, near tie door, sir John Fetrchaut. his pavilion to the king of France, and to the greater part of the Near to him, sir Peter iarchadier, anid ieliot his brother. Opposite the statue of St. Michael, sir Oliver de Mouville. princes and barons who were prisoners. The prince seated the king Ope te stt sS ii s O princesmOn the other side, sir Philip (le Forges. of France and his son the lord Philip at an elevated and well.covered Beftbre thie great door, sir Willimni de Bar and sir John de Nully. table: with them were, sir James de Bourbon, the lord John d'Artois, "The names of those who were interred in tihe cloisters oftlie said convent. the earls of Tancarville, of Estampes, of Dammartin, of Gravitle, Le chevalier Miloton, Sir bt Dcre Sir John te Chatmbes Sir John la Gb rpe,unt appel le filDanere and the lord of Partenay. The other knights and squires were placed SirJon sclnm Sir lnwis Deferinel at different tables. The prince himself served the king's table,, as Simiver de St. George Sir John de Vernicourt well as the others, with every mark of humility, and would not sit sn.. Yibert de St. Saturn Sir Peter Andouyn Snt - rahet do t. SiurninSir Peter Amidonyn down at it, in spite of all his entreaties for him so to do, saying, that SirJohni d Ridde Sir John me Vermoie n3 Sir Hugh Odard Sir John de Montmorillon and his so* "'he was not worthy of such an honor, nor didit appertain to iimrn to Sir Hugh Odrr SirJohn de Moatmorillon and hisa Sir Giles Cherchemont Sir H-ugelin de Vauxr eeat himself at the table of so great a king, or of so valiant -a man as Sir GJohn de Senyc Sir John de Almnaine he had shown himself by his actions that day." He added also with- Sir WJom. de Digoyne and his son Tie lord d'Esprmaigany a noble air: "Dear sir, do not make a poor meal because the Al- Sir John-Drouvn de Metz in Loraine Sir Hugh de Tinctes Sir Robert d'Aulnay The lord of St. Gildart nmighty God has not gratified your wishes in the event of this day; aster Joi Dannermarie Sirt Henry de i l'Adnoy for be assured that my lord and father will show you every honor Sir John de la Lang Sir Girard de Helchemany and friendship in his power, and will arrange your ransom so reason- Sir Simon rie Renooyrle Sir Gourmard Guenif ably, that you will henceforward always remain friends. In my Sir Pimilip do ierreficte SirVipert Beau opinion, you have cause to be glad that the success of this battle did SrWhin oMtmea i er iiie Sir %~illiam de Mausenac i en Mcn I lpinttrm yout hase youse;o for jlad that the success of this battld Sir Williaso de Mimmers Sir John de Brie nlot turn out as you desired; for you have this day acquired such Sir IRaoul do Bouteillier Sir Raoul Sell high renown for prowess, that you have surpassed all the best knights Sir Peter do a Roedele Sir Symon dot lesy on your side. I do not, dear sir, say this to flatter you, for all those Time lord do ha Fayele Sir Hugi Orry do Wile A German called Erroys Pincrmne Sir Segnyn de Cltfys of our side who have seen and observed the actions of each party, Sir Boulenuille, viscount d'AumaJle Sir Thosmas de Baiignel have unanimously allowed this to be your due, and decree you the i Sin John Fretart Sir Peter Baillon e106 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN &c. CHAPTEBR CLX VIII. Andrew, where they were both lodged; the king on one side, and the prince on the other. The prince purchased from the barons, THE PRINCE OF WALES RETURNS TO BORDEAUX, AFTER THE BATTLE knights and squires of Gascony, thile ransoms of the greater part of ~OF F~OITIERS. ~the French earls who were there, and paid ready money for thenm WHEN they had supped and sufficiently regaled themselves, each There were many meetings and disputes among the knights and departed to his lodging with the knights and squires they had cap- squires of Gascony, and others, relative to the capture of the king of tured. Those that had taken them asked, what they could pay for France. Onil this account Denys de Morbeque truly and by rigi t of their ransoms, without much hurting their fortunes; and willingly arms claimed him. Ho challenged another squire of Gas, n-y, believed whatever they told them; for they had declared publicly, named Bernard de Trouttes, who had declared that he had an eq al that they did not wish to deal harshly with any knight or squire that right to him. There was much disputing between them before tle his ransom should be so burdensome as to prevent his following the prince and the barons present; and as they had engaged to fight profession of arms, or advancing his fortune. Toward morning, each other, the prince put them under an arrest, until they should be when these lords had heard mass, and had eaten and drunk a little, arrived in England, and forbade anything more being said on tie while the servants were packing up or loading the baggage, they subject till they were in the presence of the king his father. How. decanmped and advanced toward Poitiers. ever, as the king of France gave every assistance to sir Denys in That same night, the lord of Roy had entered the city of Poitiers support of his claim, and leaned more to him than to any of the other with a hundred lances, that had not been engaged in the battle, for, claimants, the prince ordered two thousand nobles to be given prihaving met the duke of Normandy near Chauvigny, he had com- vately to Sir Denys, in order to enable him the better to support his manded him to march for Poitiers, and to guartl it until he should rank. receive other orders. When the lord of Roye had entered Poitiers, Soon after the prince's arrival at Bordeaux, the cardinal de Perihe ordered the oates, towers, and walls, to be well watched that gord came thither as, it was said, embassador from the pope. It was night, on account of the English being so near; and on the morning upward of a fortnight before the prince would speak to him, on ache armed all sorts of people, and posted them wherever he judged count of the castellan of Amposta and his people having been engaged most convenient lor the defence of the town. The English, how- against him at the battle of Poitiers. The prince believed that the ever, passed by, without making any attempt upon it; for they were cardinal had sent them thither; but the cardinal through the means so laden with gold, silver, jewels, and great prisoners, that they did of his relations, the lord of Chaumont, the lord of Montferrant, and not attack any fortress in their march, but thought they should do the captal of Buch, gave such good reasons for his conduct to the great things if they were able to convey the king of France and his prince, that he admitted him to an audience. Having obtained this, son, with all their booty, in safety to the city of Bordeaux. Tbvy he exculpated himself so clearly that the prince and his council were returned, therefore, by easy marches, on account of their prisoners satisfied; and he regained the place he before held in the prince's and heavy baggage, never advancing more than four or five leagues affection. All his people were set at liberty at moderate ransoms: a day' they encamped early, and marched in one compact body, the castellan's amounted to ten thousand francs, which he paid.,vithout quitting the road, except the division of the marshals, who The cardinal, soon after, began to touch upon the deliverance o' king advanced in front, with about five hundred men-at-arms, to clear the John: but I shall say little on that head, as nothing' its done in the country. They met with no resistance anywhere; for the whole business. The prince, with his Gascons and English, remained all country was in a state of consternation, and all the men-at-arms had that winter at Bordeaux, where was much feasting and merriment; retreated into the strong fortresses. and:they foolishly expended the gold and silver they had gained. In During this march, the prince of Wales was informed how lord England also, there were great rejoicings, when the news arrived of James Audley had made a present of his pension of five hundred the affair of Poitiers, and of the defeat of the French. Solemn thanks. marcs to his foursquires.:He sent for himn: lord James was carried givings were offered up in all churches, and bonfires made in every in his litter to the presence of the prince, whe received him very town and village. Those knights and squires who returned to Enggraciously, and said to him: "Sir James, I have been informed, land, after having been in this battle, were honored in preference to that after you had taken leave of me, and were returned to your tent, any others. you made a present to your four squires of the gift I presented to you. I should like to know if this be true, why you did so, and if the gift were not agreeable to you." "Yes, my lord," answered CHAPT R C1X lord James, "it was most agreeable to me, and I will tell you the THE THREE ESTATES OF FRANCE ASSEMBLE AT PARIS, AFTER TIHE BATTh. reasons which induced me to bestow it on my squires. These four OF FOITIERS. squires, who are here, have long and loyally served me, on many DURING the time of this defeat at Poitiers, the duke of Lancaster great and dangerous occasions; and until the day that I made them was in the county of Evreux, on the borders of Contantin; and with this present, I had not any way rewarded them for all their services; him were sir Philip do Navarre and the lord Godfrey do Harourt. and never in this life were they of such help to me as on that day. They had made war on Normandy from that quarter, and had con. I hold myself much bound to them for what they did at the battle of tinued to do so all that summer, on account of the king of Navarre0 Poitiers; for, dear sir, I am but a single man, and can do no more whom the king of France detained in prison. Those three lords thanmy powers admi*, but, through their aid and assistance, I have wo thkigfFrnedandipsn.T seheeld accomplished my vow, which for a long time I had made, and by p'eres et ldautres, Dieu nousa en toutes nos besoignes be' vucliz aide; de quoi nous their means'vas the first combatant, and should have paid for it with sumes a tols jo's tenuz de lui grazier, en p'ant cque v're part ancy vieullietz faire e i my life, if they had not been near to me. When, therefore, I con- continuantdev's nons come devant ces heures avetz fiitde quoinous nous tenons g'n'sider their courage, and the love they bear to me, I should not have menttenuz a vous. Et, rev'entpiere, endroitde n're estat, dent nos penceohs bien q'vous been courteous nor grateful, if I had not rewarded them. Thank desirez la v're merci doler bones nouvelles, vuellietz entendre q' a la taisance de centes estions sains et heures et tout en bon point, loiez en soit Dieux q' nous donit y ces inseses God, my lord, I have a sufficiency for my life, to maintain my state; de vous toutes soitz oir et saver, et de ce nons vnellietz certifier p'r yevos I'res et p' les entreand wealth has never yet failed me, nor do I believe it ever will. If, venantz a plus souvent q' vousp'res bonement eu droitde nouvelles ceancdroitz. Vueil thlerefore, I have in this acted contrary to your wishes, I beseech letzsavoirq'Iavetledelatracslation SaintThomas deCanterbire, nom encees you, dear sir, to pardon me; for you willbe ever as loyally erved chivauch' eve n're povarv's les parties de France et souvraignemeatp' cause q' nous entesdismes ]a venue de n're treshlonn'e seign'r et piere le roy la endroitz, et si nelsemes by me and my squires, to whom I gave your present, as heretofore." dev's les parties de Bergies en Berye, Orlions et Tours, et avions nosivelles q' le roy de The prince answered: "Sir James, I do not in the least blame you France ave g' ntpovar bien pres de celles marches venoit p' combattre sve no's, et apprfor what you have done, but, on the contrary, acknowledge your cheasmes tantq' la battaille se pristentre nousen tiele maniereq' lesenemis estoient disbounty to your squires whom you praise so much. I readily confi consitez, grace en soitDieux, et le dit iroi et son fils et plusieurs atnres g'ntz pris et mortz, bounty to your squires whom you praise so much. I readily confirm 1 them; but I shall insist upon your accepting of six les noms de queauz nons vous envions p' n're tresch' bachiler mons, Roger de Cottesfi'rd your gift to prtoirthem; but I shall insist upon your accepting of sixiriDieux, et n'retreschami, leSait Espritvosait toute hundred marcs, upon the same terms and conditions as the former ioursen saguarde. gift."9'Donn6 souz n're seal a Birdeaux, le xxejour d'Octob'r.' "-./n'cheeloogia, vol. i. p. 213 The prince of Wales and his army kept advancing, without meet- We subjoin a translation of this curious letter. —ED. ing any obstacle, and, having passed through Poitof and Saintonge, teverend fither in God, and very dear friend.-We thank you heartily fir, as we have came to Blaye, where he crossed the Garonne, and arrived in the heard, you have been well and affectionately (naturelment) inclined toward us in praying -c ~ toB wer e rose teGaonean rrve i teto God for us and our enterprise; which we are very certain succeeded on account of your good city of Bordeaux.* It is not possible to relate all the feasts and prayers and those of others. God has been pleased to aid us in all our necessities; fbr entertainments which the citizens and clergy of Bordeaux made for which we are bound to give him thanks forever, and wepriay that you will also do your the prince, and with what joy they received him and the king of part continuis with us as heretofore, for which service we hold ourselves msch indebted France. The prince conducted the king to the monastery of St. to you. And, reverend faither, in regard to our health, of which we believe that you in your kindness desire to hear good news, know that at this time we are well and happy and altogether in a good condition, praise be to God, which enables us now to let yoa "Eight were buried in thre, graves, whose names and surnames were unknown; and hear and know that which we wish you to certify in your letters, and in frequent visits among them was the body of a knight, whose surcoat of arms was three chovrons or, in Iwhich you priests good naturedB; permit, forthe purpose ofcirculatiilng news. You msust a shield gules..know that on thIe eve of the translation of St. Thomas of Canterbury. we commenced an "The arms of all the princes, knights, and lords above-mentioned were blazoned on incursion with our power, into the French territory, chiefly because we expected the smIthe stalls of the convent, in order to keep them in perpetual remembrance. val of our much honored lord and father in those parts; and thus we advanced h~to the BOeUCEIET'S Anneales d'.Sqrsitaine, 4me paste, folio 15. countries of Bergos in Berry, Orleans and Tours, and had news that the king of France "A letter fi'om tue Black Prince to the bishop of Worcester, dated 21th October with a great power was at hand, and was coming to fight with us, and we approached 13513, relating to the battle of Poitiers, wherein the Frenclh king was reade prisoner, &c. so near that a battle took place between us, irs which the enemy was discomfited, tharnks Ex regisrt Regirnaldi rrien, Wirirn. episcopi, fri. 113. be ti God, anrd the said king and iris son, and several other gentlemen were taken or "L'ra D'ni PricipisWall' de Capcione R. Franciae par le prince de Gales. killed, for whose names we refer you to our very clear bachelor Mr. Roger de Cottesford, "Reve'nti pierre enr Disc, ei tresch' ansi.-Nours vans rmercions eritieroreent de ce e the bearer of these. Render thanks to God, and may the Holy Ghost haave you oeu".ver no001ua-is sentendu q'vous estes si bien st si siatrnrehrent porte dev's noes, err p'arrt s eam friendl, alwoais in Isis keeping. Dseux p'r conss c t p'r n're exploit; et sunigs tout certieens q' p'r cause do veas iveute; Giver under ar seal at Bordeanx, the twentieth day of October. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 1 had done all in their power to join the prince of WVales; but it was The duke replied, that he could not advise his being set at lilrty not possible, for all the passages of the river Loire were too well for the king his father had ordered him to be confined, and he was guarded. When they were informed that the prince had made the ignorant of the cause or reason of it. king of France prisoner, and of the manner in which the battle of At this period, news was brought to the duke and to the three Poitiers had been won, they were much pleased, and put an end to estates, that sir Godfrey de Harcourt was waging a destructive wai their excursions; for the duke of Lancaster and Philip de Navarre against Normandy; that his army, which was not very nunmerous wished to go to England, which they did. They sent sir Godfrey de overran the country twice or thrice a week, as far as the suburbs of Harcows t to guard the frontiers, at St. Sauveur le Vicomte. Caen, of Saint L6 *, Evreux and Coutances, and no one went out to If the kingdom of England and its allies were much delighted with oppose him. The duke and the three estates ordered an expedition the capture of the king of France, that realm was sore troubled and of men-at-arms, consisting of three hundred lances and five hundred vexed. It had very good cause to be so; for there were great dis- with iron armor: they nominated four captains to command them, tresses and desolations in every quartelr, and men of understanding the lord de Reyneval, the lord de Chauny, the lord de Riville, and foresaw that greater mischiefs might arise: since the king of France the lord de Frianville. This army set out from Paris, and marched and all the flower of chivalry of that kingdom were either slain or to Rouen, where there was a large body collected from different made prisoners, and the three sons of the king, Charles, Louis, and parts. There were many knights~from Artois and Vermandois, such John, who had escaped, were very young in years and understanding, as the lord of Crequi, the lord Lewis de Havesquerque, the lord so that no great expectation could be formed from them; and neither Edward de Renti, lord John de Fiennes, lord Enguerrant de H6din, were they willing to undertake the government of the kingdom. and many others: there came also from Normandy many expert Add to this, that the knights and squires who had returned from the men-at-arms. These lords, with their troops, advanced until they battle were so much despised and blamed by the common people, came to the city of Coutances, which they garrisrsoaP thft they very unwillingly entered the great towns. There were many conferences held, and much discontent appeared; when the most prudent and wise perceived that this state could not continue, nor longer go on without some remedy; for the English C H A P T E R C L X X I. and Navarrois were in force in Coutantin, under sir Godfr',y de Har- THE BATTLE OF COUTANTIN, BETWEEN SIR GODFREY DE HARCOURT, ANr court, who was overrunning and destroying the country. The pre- SIR RAOUL DE REYNEVAL. lares of the church, bishops and abbots, and all the noblemen and HEe Harcourt, who was strong, bold, and cour knights, the provost of merchants and citizens of Paris, as well as N sir Godfrey d ageou, heard that the French were come to the city of Coutances. the council from the other capital towns in the kingdom, assembled aeous, heard that the French were come to the city of Coutancs together in the city of Paris, in order to consult and advise upon the he collected together as many men-at-arms as possible, archers an best manner of governing the kingdom of France, until king John other friends, and said he would go to meet them. e left, there n fore, St. Sauveur le Vicomte, accompanied by about seven hundred should be set at liberty. But they were first determined''to inquire fore, St. Sauver le Vicote, accompanied by about seven hundred what was become of the great sums of money that hadbeen Lraised men, including every one. This same day, the French also sallied out, and had sent forward their scouts to examine the country, who in France by way of dismes, maletostes*, subsidies, by the coinage out, and had sen forward their scouts to examine the country, who returned and informed their lords that they had seen the Navarrois. and otner vexations. Notwithstanding the country had been much e harassed and distressed by levying them, the aruy had been badly On the other hand, sir Godfrey had sent out his scouts, who had paid, and the kingdom ill guarded and defended: but there was no taken a different road, and, having examined the army of the French, ione who could give any account of them. Th clergy, therefore, had counted their banners and pennons, and to what numbers they one who could give any account of them. The clergy, therefore, aone.SrGdry oeepi u iteatnint hi amounted. Sir Godfrey, however, paid but little attention to their resolved to select twelve of the wisest from among themselves, to conesider and tedetermine what would be most advisale to be done, report: he said, that since he saw his enemies he would fight with c onsider and determigt chos welve alst attendbto th business them. He immediately placed his archers in the front of his men, them. He immediately placed his archers in the front of his men, The barons and knights chose twelve also, to attend to this business.arnhen and drew up in battle array the Englishmen and Navarrois. When The citizens likewise did the same, according to their unanimous lord aul de Reyneval perceived he had drawn up his men, he agreement. These thirty-six personages were to remain at Paris, together tile f th 1 1~ordered part of the French to dismount, and to place large shields in order to confer together upon the better government of the king- ore t o dom; and all affairs were to be laid before these three estates: all before them to guard themselves against the arrows, and for lone to advance without his orders. prelates, noblemen, and all cities, towns and commonalties, were to obey them and execute their orders. In the beginning, however, The archers of sir Godfiey began to advance, as they were cor. there were many in this selection that were not agreeable to tle manded, and to shoot their arrows with all their strength. The dukere ofre Nmandy, orn tohis counn French, who were sheltered behind their shields, allowed them to shoot on, as this attack did not hurt theni in the least. They reThe first act of the three estates was to forbid the coining any mained so long in their position without oving, that these archers money in the manner in which it was then done, and to seize the dies. They next required of tile duke of Normandy, that he would had expended all their arrows they then cast away their bows, and fther to be arrested, the lord began to fall back upon their men-at-arms, who were drawn up order the chancellor of the king his fgther to be arrested, the lord Robert Lorris, the lord Simon de Buci t, as well as many other alongside of a hedge, sir Godfrey in front, with his banner displayed. masters of accounts and counsellors in former times to the king, tha The French then began to make use of their bows, and to pick up they night give a just account of what sums through their advice arrows everywhere, for there were plenty of them lying about, which they employed against the English and men of Navarre. The men. had been levied and raised in the kingdom. When all these per- they mployed agaiist the English and men of Navarre. The men. at-arms made a vigorous charge; and the combat was very sharp and sonages heard of this, they quitted the realm as speedily as possible, s me v r c e and th bt w v ry r and took refuge in other kingdoms until the face of affairs should severe, when they were come hand to hand; but the infantry of sir Godfrey could not keep their ranks, and were therefore soon discornbe changed. _______e~~~~~ cfited. Sir Godfrey, upon this, retreated into a vineyard which was inclosed with strong hedges, and as many of his people as could get C H A P T E R C L X X. in followed him. When the French saw this, they all dismounted, TIE THREE ESTATES SEND MIN-AT-ARMS AGAINST SIR GODFREY DE surrounded the place, and considered how they could best enter it. HARCOURT. They examined it on every side, and at last found an entrance. As THE three estates, after this, established and appointed, in their they went round, seeking a passage, sir Godfrey and his nen did the same, and halted at the wsakesit part of the hedge. names, receivers to collect whatever taxes might be due to the king, same, and halted at the weakest part of the hedge. or to the realm. T yoiedmoeyoffieoAs soon as the French had gained this entrance, many gallant or to the rea ha. They coined money of fine gold, which was calledfore deeds of arms were penformed; but it cost the Fr~ench dearr before Moutonst: and they would with pleasure have seen the king of they l~elivered fomhs so nhcsteofnthey were complete masters of it. The banner of sir Raoul was avarre from his prison in the castle of Crevecour the first that entered. He followed it, as did the other knights and Cambresis, where he was confined; for it appeared to many memsquires. When they were all in the inclosure, the combat was rebers of the three estates, that the kingdom would be stronger and e ie-wed with greater vigor, and many a one was beat down.Ti more ably defended, provided he would be true and loyal: for there newed with greater vigor, and many one was beat dow. The army of Sir Godfr'ey would not keep the order ~vhich lie had apwvere few noblemen at that time in France that were able to make army of Sir Godrey would not keep the ode vich e had - y good defence, the greater part having been slain or de - pointed, according to the promnise Inade to him; but the greater part.~ny goo~d defence, thle greater parrt having been slain or made prison- ld n od t T'htn'f Ircc. i diey sig fled, and could not withstand the French. Sir Godfrey, on seeing ers at the battle of Poitiers. They therefore requested the duke of this, declared, that he would prefer death to being taken, and, arming Normalndy to give him his liberty; for they thought he had been unhimself with a battle-axe, halted where lie was he placed one foot july sed nor did they know for what reason he was a prisonr, before the other, to be firmer; for he was larme of one leg, tho-lgh AsletC:ste-an extraordi.,ar- tax, or subsidy, levied the year 1296, by Philip le Bel, very strong in his armns. In this position, he fought a long time viz. at lirst the value of the hundredth, and afterwards of the fiftieth part of all either most valiantly, so that few dared encounter his blows; when two lay or churchmtna's goods. —Co'reaxve's Dictio'ssrst. l~Je~ wahills tat prosideat of rho I'arloioest.-tt~isAulr. Frenchmen mounted their horses, and, placinm their lances inl theio ~' lie was filst presid~ent of thle palrlianmrlnt. —ll,~tN.,~tL'r.' [ The goli coio called.leurstes had the ismpression of the Agnus Dei, which the rests, charged him at the same time, and strcik hinl to the ground. vularn mistok thir a sheep; hence it got the ridiculous ctme of Noutons. This coain some men-it-arms immediately rushed upon him with their swords, was ongitunlly of the valhe of twelve sols six deaiers ftne silver. —J/wnals of &:?ttUand, which they ran through his body, and killed him on the spot. Tbhe vol. ii. sote, p. 231. Le masoton d' or wavs a coin on which was impressed the figure of a lamb, with this hUscuiptioa: "Agnus Dei, qai tollit peccata mundi, muiserere nohis; and on the reverse who were able to escapie r'etturned to St. Sauveur le Vicornte. Thie a cross, with these wosrds, "Christus vincit, Christuss regnet, Christus ipropeat," There happened in the winter of 1356, about 51artinmns. were fifty-two of these piece, in. a msare of line gold. —)u CANoE., Gloss. ad verb i~nie. f ~ornmandy, situated on the Vire, diocese of Couttices, 110 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. CHA PTER CLXXII. which they all dressed themselves very richly in companies, and the different manufactories of cloth appeared with various pageants." THEf PRINCE OF WALES CONDUTCTS THE KING OF FtANCE FROM BOE- The king and prince remained one day at Canterbury, where they DEAUX TO ENGLAND. made their offerings to the shrine of St. Thomas. On the morrow, AFTER the death of the before-mentioned knight, sir Godfrey de they rode to Rochester, where they reposed themselves. The third Harcourt, as soon as the country had been freed from his incursions day they came to Dartford, and the fourth to London, where they by the defeat of his troops, the French returned to Coutances, were received with every honor and distinction, as indeed they had carrying with them their booty and prisoners. Shortly afterwards, been by all the chief towns on their road. they returned to Paris, to the duke of Normandy, who was styled The king of France, as he rode through London, was mounted on Regent, and to the three estates, who paid much honor to the knights a white steed, with very rich furniture, and the prince of Wales on and squires who had been in Coutantin. From that time, the town a little black hackney by his side. He rode through London, thus of St. Sauveur le Vicomte, and all the landowners of sir Godfrey de accompanied, to the palace of the Savoy, which was purt of the inHarcourt, attached themselves to the English; for he had sold it, heritance of the duke of Lancaster. There the king of France subject to his life, to the king of England, and had disinherited the kept his household for some time; and there he was visited by the lord Louis de Harcourt, his nephew, because he would not follow king and queen of England, who often entertained him sunmptuously, his party. When the king of England was informed of the death of and afterwards were very frequent in their visits, consoling him ai; sir Godfrey, he lamented him much, but embarked men-at-arms, in their power. The cardinals de Perigord and St. Vital soon after knights, squires, and cross-bowmen, to the amount of upward of came to England, by command of pope Innocent VI. They en. four hundred men, to take possession of St. Sauveur le Vicomte, deavored to make peace between the two kingdoms, which they which was well worth thirty thousand livres annual rent. Hfe labored hard to effect, but without success. However, by some nominated the lord John Lisle governor of the lands and castles. fortunate means they procured a truce between the two kings and The three estates, all this time, paid great attention to the better their allies, to last until St. John the Baptist's day, 1359. Thle lord ordering of the realmi of France, which was governed by them. Philip de Navarre and his allies, the countess of Montfort and the The pnrce of Wales, and the greater part of those lords who had duchy of Brittany, were excluded from this truce. been with him at the battle of Poitiers, remained all this winter at Shortly afterwards, the king of France and. all his household were Bordeaux, revelling, making preparations for shipping, and settling removed from the palace of Savoy to Windsor castle,h where he was their own affairs, or engaged in making arrangements for conducting permitted to hunt and hawk, and take what other diversions he the king of France, his son, and the principal lords who were pris- pleased in that neighborhood, as well as the lord Philip his son oners, to England. When the season was sufficiently advanced, and The rest of the French lords remained at London, but they visited everything was ready for the prince's departure, he sent for the great the king as often as they pleased, and were prisoners on their parole barons of Gascony, the lord d'Albret first, and the lords de Mucident, of honor. de l'Esparre, de Longueren, do Pumiers, do Courton, de Rosem, do Chaumont, de Montferrant, de Landuras, sir Aymery de Tarse, the C HAPTER CLXXIII. captal de Buch, the souldich de la Trane, and many others. He received them with every sign of affection and friendship, and promised DVD BRUCE, IN OF SCOTLAND, OBTAINS S IBTY. them great rewards and profits, which is all that a Gascon loves or You have before heard how king David of Scotland had been a desires. He then informed them of his intention of going to Eng- prisoner in England, where he had remained upward of nine years. land; that he should take some of them with him, and the rest he Shortly after this truce was agreed to between France and England, should leave in different parts of the province, to guard the frontiers the two cardinals, in conjunction with the bishop of St. Andrew's in against the French, and should put all the cities and castles under Scotland, undertook the enlargement of the king of Scotland. The their management, as if they were their own property. treaty was formed upon this ground, that the king of Scotland should When the Gascons learnt that the prince of Wales intended taking never bear arms against the king of England, in his realmn; neither away with him the king of France, whom they had assisted to make advise nor consent that any of his subjects should molest or wage prisoner, they were unwilling to consent to it, and said to the prince: war upon the English: that the king of Scotland, upon his return to 1r Dear sir, we owe you, as it becomes us, all honor and obedience, his kingdom, should make every exertion in his power to obtain his to the utmost of our power, but it is not our intention you should subjects' consent that the crown of Scotland be held in fief and carry the king of France from us, who have so largely contributed homage from the king of England. If the country would not submit by our services to place him in the situation he is now in. Thank to this, then the king of Scotland would swear solemnly to maintain God, he is at present well in health and in a good city: and we are and keep a firm and lasting peace with the king of England. He powerful enough to guard him against any force France may send was also to bind himself and his kingdom, as its own real lord and to take him from us." The prince replied, "My dear lords, I will. heir, in the payment of five hundred thousand, nobles within ten ingly agree to all you have said, but the king, my father, wishes to years. And, upon the demand of the king of England, hlie was to have him, and to see him. We are very sensible and thankful for send good hostages and securities for the performance of this treaty, the services which you have done both to him and myself, and you such as the earl of Douglas, the earl of Moray, the earl of Minr, the may depend on being handsomely rewarded for them." These earl of Sutherland, the earl of Fife, sir Thomas Bisset and the bishop words, however, did not satisfy the Gaseons, nor would they agree of Caithness, who were to remain in England as prisoners or hostages to the departure of the king of France, until lord Reginald Cobham for their lord and king until there should have been paid the whole and sir John Chandos found a means of appeasing them. They of the above sum. Public instruments were drawn up according to were well acquainted with the avaricious disposition of the Gascons, these resolutions and obligations, with letters patent, sealed by each and therefore said to the prince, "Sir, sir, offer them a handsome of the kings. sum of florins, and you will see they will soon comply with whatever The king of Scotland then left England, and returned to his own you wish." Upon this, the prince offered them sixty thousand country, with his queen Johanna,a sister to the king of England. florins; but they would not listen to him: at last it was settled that He was received by his subjects with every honorable mark of dis. the prince should give them one hundred thousand florins, to be tinction, and, after having visited them, gave orders for his castle of distributed among the barons of Gascony, and that he might set out Scone, near Perth, to be repaired, as it was in ruins. This is a good with the king when he pleased. After this, he nominated four of and commercial town, situated upon a river called the Tay.~ them as governors of the country until his return: the lords d'Albret, c* Unless Mr. Johnes's MSS. differed here from D. Sauvage's edition, he seems to have de 1'Esparre, de Pumiers, and de Rosemr. This being done, the misconceived Froissart's meaning, "Adoncquesceux deLondres se vestirentpar Conprince embarked on board a handsome ship, and took with him a nestablies, et tred richemrent: et tous les maistres, en draps differens des autres," are the great many Gascons; among them were the captal de Buch, sir wordsin)D. Sauvage's edition, wlhichLord Bernersthustranislates: "Then they oflLonAymery de Tarse, the lord do Tarse, the lord do Landuras, the lord ohr"-Ddon arrayed themselfe by companyes: and the chiefn masters clothtng different fro ths other."-ED. de Mucidont, the souldich de la Trane, and many others. He was afterwards confined in Hertford Castle, undter the guard of Roger de BeauThe king of'France was in a ship by himself, in order that he champ. David king of Scotland was likewise a prisoner there. John was rernovedi to might be more at his ease. In the fleet there were five hundred men- different other castles, from a suspicion of his being delivered by treason or force.at-arms and two thousand archers, to guard against any acci"dents atAsmLC at-arms and two thousand archers, to guard against any accidents at There is a strange diversity among historians concerning the time of the death of sea, and also because tie prince had been informed before he left this unfortunate lady. Fordun, I. xiv. c. 18, says,'she vent to England in 1357, and Bordeaux, that the three estates, who then governed France, had died after she had remained there for some time. In Scala Chron. ap. Leland, t. i. p. raised two large armies, which were posted in Normandy and at 58e, it is said, the queen of Scotland, sister to king Edward, came out of Scotland to Crotoy,* to meet the English, and to carry off the king, but they saw Wyndesore, to speak with him, and after was with her mother, queen Isabella, at HertCotoy,* of them. TEygwere eleven darysf and knght at sea an o ford, and there died. This imports, that she died either before her mrother, or soon after nothing ofthe They were eleven days and nights at sea, and on her. It is certain that her mother died in the autumn, 1358.' Fordun and the author of Ihe twelfth they arrived at Sandwich, where they disembarked, and Scala Chronica are in a mistake. Queen Johanna must have lived beyond the year took up their quarters in the town and neighborhood. They re- 1337 or the year 1318. ler husband speaks of hier as alive on te 21st February, 1_ 9r-9, Fredera, t. vi. p. 118. Nay more, on the 2nd May, 1362, a passport is granted by Edward out and came two Cans trefrbury. 113mselves, and, n the third, seHI. to John Heryng, the servant of Johanna qseen of Scotland. our sister; Feders, t. out and came to Canterbury. vi. p. 364; and, therefore, I incline to follow Walsinginm, p. 179, who places her death When the king of England was informed of their arrival, he gave in 1312." —Ilnnals of Scotland, vol. ii. p. 210. orders for the citizens of London to make such preparations as were a "The treaty, which had been in agitation so many years was at length concluded, suitable: to receive so great a prince as the king of France. Upna Berwick, 3rd October, 157. By it the king of Scots was released, alter a captivity of elevene years. The Scottish nation agreed to pay one hundred thousand marks sterling A.nt h h as the ransom of their sovereign, by yearly payments of ten thousand marlrs on trle 2[t}' A vllagre in Picardy, near the mouth of tl~ Somme. June. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE SPAIN &c. 111 a short gown, and over all his cloak. He had under his arm a smnall C H A P T E R C L X X I V. battle-axe, and, thus equipped, he came, attended by his servant, THE DUKE OF LANCASTER LAYS SIEGE TO RENNES. whom he had let into the secret, to wallk upon the square before the ABOUT the middle of May, in the year 1357, the duke of Lancaster castle, as had been of late his custom. He walked there so long a raised a large body of men-at-arms, of English and Bretons, for the time, that the governor, who usually came to the gate twice or thrice assistance of the countess of Montfort and her young son, who at about that time, opened the gate of the castle to look about him, but that time bore arms, and was a party in their excursions. There it was only the wicket-gate, and he placed himself right before it. might be a thousand men-at-arms, well equipped and appointed, and When sir William perceived him, he approached nearer by little and five hundred others among the archers. The army left Hennebon,? five hundred others among the archers. The army left H-Iennebon, little, saluting himmost respectfully. The governor, though he re. scouring and burning all the country until they came to the good turned the salute, kept his position. Sir William, however, at last town of Rennes, which the duke besieged on every side, and lay a came up to him, and began to converse with him on different sub long time before it, making many assaults, by which he gained not jects: he inquired if he had heard what was doing in France. The much, for there were in the town the viscount de Rohan, the lord de governor, from being constantly shut up in the castle, had enjoyed Laval, sir Charles de Dinan, and many others. little communication from without, and being eager to learn the There was also in the town a young knight-bachelor called sir news, replied that he had heard nothing, and would thank him- to let Bertrand du Guesclin, who, during the siege of Rennes, fought with him know what was passing. "Very willingly," answered sir Wilan Englishman named sir Nicholas Dagworth. The terms of the liam. "It is reported in France, that the kings of Denmark and combat were to be three courses with spears, three strokes with bat- Iceland* have made an alliance, and have sworn never to return to tie-axes, and three stabs with daggers. The two knights behaved their countries before they shall have destroyed sngland and brought nighs beavedtheir countries before they shall hv etoe ~ln n ruh most valiantly, and parted without hurting each other. They were back the king of France to Paris. They have an armament at sea, seen with pleasure by both armies.* The lord Charles of Blois was with upward of one hundred thousand men: and the English are so at that time returned to the country: but, as he could not bear arms much alarmed and frightened, that they know not which way to turn himself, he was perpetually teazing the regent of France to send him themselves to defend their coasts; for it was a very old saying with a sufficiency of men-at-arms to raise the siege of Rennes. But the them that they were to be destroyed by the Danes." The governor regent was too much occupied with the affairs of France, which were inquired from whom he had learnt this news. Sir William said, that in great confusion, to attend to his request, and therefore the siege a knight in Flanders had written it to him as a fact, and added, of Rennes was still continued. 4" He has sent me the handsomest set of chess men I ever saw." He had invented this tale, because he had learnt the governor was very fond of playing at chess. The governor said, he should be very ~C ~H ~A ~P TER C~XXV. glad to see them. "Well," replied sir William, " I wiIl send for them, but on condition you play with me for some wine;" and, turnA KNIGHT OF THE COUNT'Y OF EVREUX, CALLED SIR WILLIAM DE GRA- ing to his servant, said, "Go, look for the chess-board and men, and VILLE, lECONQUERS THE CITY AND CASTLE OF EVREUX FROM THE bring them to us at the gate." KING OF FRANCE, WIV-O HAD TAKEN IT FROM TIHE KING OF NAYARRE. The servant set off, and the governor and sir William entered the A KNIGHT, named the lord do Graville, who was attached to the first gate of the castle. The governor fastened the wicket on the king of Navarre by his faith and oath, was much hurt at his imprison- inside with abolt, but did not lock it. Sir William said," Governor, meit, as were likewise many of the inhabitants of the Evreux; but op this second gate; you may do it without ay risk." The they could not help themselves so long as the castle was in the governor opened the wicket only, and let sir William pass thrugh enemy's possession. This sir William lived about two short leagues to see the inside of the castle, while he himself followed. Tilhe from Evreux, and whenever he came to that city, was received by a servant, in the mean time, went to those citizens who had the armed citizen, who in former times had been a great friend to the king of men in their houses, led them up to the castle, and then blew his Navarre. When sir William came to the house of this citizen, he horn, as had been agreed on between him and his master. When ate with him, and, during their repasts, discoursed on various sub- sir William heard the horn, he said to the governor, "Let us go out, jects, but generally of the king of Navarre, and of his imprisonment, and pass this second gate, for my servant will soon return." Sir which vexed them sorely. William repassed this wicket, and stood close by it on the other It happened one day that sir William said to him: " If you will side. When the governor had put one foot through, and had lowered give me your assistance, I will surely reconquer this city and castle his head, sir William drew out the axe he had under his cloak, and forthekin ofNavrre " How will you do that?" replied the citifor the king of Navarre. "How will you do thats?" replied the citi struck him such a blow that he split his head asunder, and felied zen, "for the governor is strongly attached to the French interest; him dead on the sill of the door. He then ent to the first gate, and, without having gained the castle, we dare not show ourselves, which he opened. for he is master of the town and suburb-s." SrWlimased The watch of the castle had heard with astonishment the servant's "I will tell you. You must get three or four citizens of your friends, horn, for it had been proclaimed in the city, that no one should dare "[ wil tel you.You must get three or four citizens of your friends, t that are of the same way of thinking as yourself, and fill your houses to sound a horn, under pain of losing his hand. -e perceived also toedme sourndn tar thorn under upanolosng hish ha ond.Hpecied also well with armed men that can be depended on; and I promise you armed men running toward the castle; upon which he soundedhi on my head, that we will enter the castle by a trick, without incur- horn, and cried out, "Treason treason!" Those that were in the ring any danger." The citizen was so active, that he soon collected castle hastened to the gate, which, to their surprise, they found open a hundred of his friends, who were as well inclined as himself. the governor lying dead across it, and sir William, his axe in his Sir William went inand out of the town without any suspicion; hand, guarding the passage. The men-at-arms, who were to assist for he had not borne arms in the last expedition with the lord Phili him soon arrived, and having passed the first and second gates, de Navarre, because the greater part of his property lay near to fiercely drove back the garrison. Several were killed, and as sany Evreux, and the king of France, at the time he conquered Evreux, taken as they chose. They entered the castle: and in this manner had made all the landholders in the neighborhood swear allegiance was the strog castleof Evreux retaken. The citizeis and inhabitto him, otherwise hlie would have taken possession of their lands; he ants of the town immediately surrendered, when they drove omt all had thus only gained outwardly their affections, but their hearts re- the French. They sent to inform lord Philip de Navarre of this mained attached to the interest of Navarre. If king John, however event, who was but lately returned from Englaid. He came inmehad been in France, this sir William would not have dared to attempi diately to Evreux, and made it his principal garrison to carry the war w~at he performed. h e v h b ds of pub-into the rich countiy of Normandy. There were with him sir Robert wha. But lie perceived the embarrassed state of pub-Knolles, sir James Pipe, the lord Fricquet de Fricquant, le Bascle de lic affairs, and that the three estates were desirous of giving the king nll sir Ja e, h f ter a, sl e Marneil, sir John Jewel, who afterward, as you will hear in this of Navarre his liberty.Frne Sir William having made his preparations, the citizens were ap- history, did much mischief to France. prized what they were to do: he armed himself at all points, put on Twenty young men of quality, and among them the eldest son of the Stewart, were CHAPTER CLXXVI. to be given as hostages; and for further security, three of the following great lords were to place themselves in the hands of the English: the Stewart, the earls of March, Mar, THE ARCHPRIEST ASSEMBLES A COMPANY OF MEN-AT-ARMIS —ME IS MUCb Ross, Angus, and Sutherland, lord Douglas and Thomas Moray of Bothwell. It was HONORED AT AVIGNON. provided, that a truce should continue between the two nations until complete payment ABOUT this period, a knight, named sir rnold d Cervole, bt of tihe rans-m. AOUT this period, a knight, named sir Arnold de Cervole, but "The king of Scots, the nobility and the boroughs, ratified this treaty the 5th of Octo- more commonly called the archpriest, collected a large body of men. ber, and tihe bishops ratified it on the following day. at-arms, who came from all parts, seeing that their pay would not be "David, immediately afier his release,-summommned a parliament, laid the treaty before continued in France, and that, since the capture of the king, there the three estates, obtained their approbation, and then ratified the treaty anew, at Scone, 6th November." —.Annals of Scetland, vol. ii. p. 244. was not any probability of their gaining more in thatcountry. They * The historian of Brittany says, it was William de Blancbourg, brother to the gov- marched first into Provence, where they took many strong towns and ernor of Fougeral, who had been slain by Bertrand. In confirmation of this, Dugdale castles, and ruined the country by their robberies as far as Avignon makes no mention of this duel, which he would probably have done, had sir Nicholas Pope Innocent VI., who resided i Avignon, was much alarmed, as Dagworh beem time person. not knowing what might be the intentions of the archpriest, the leader Bertrand, in the first course, pierced the coat of mail of Blancbourg, and his own of these forces; and, for fear of personal insult, he and the cardinals helmet suffered the same. The two ensuing courses were harmless. Bertrand asked if le would run three more: which was accepted. In the first course, Bertrand struck him kept their household armed day and night. When the archpriest so violently on the body, his lance entered very deep, and unhorsed him. He would not and his troops had pillaged all the country, the pope and clergy entered kill him, from respect to the duke of Lancaster, but seized iis horse, which he carried -- away as a trophy of his victory. ~*reland, according to Do Sauvage and Lord Berners. —E. 112 CHRONCLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. into treaty with him. Having received proper security, he and the C ItA PT ER C L XXI X. greater part of his people entered Avignon, where he was received with as much respect as if he had been son to the king of France. He dined BY WHAT MEANS THE KING OF NAVARRE ESCAPES OUT OF PRISON. many times with the pope and cardinals, who gave him absolution SHORTLY after this happened, the lord John de Piquigny ant from all his sins; and, at his departure, they presented him with forty some other knights, through the advice of the provost of merchants thousand crowns, to distribute among his companions. These men, and the principal persons of some of the other considerable towns, therefore, marched away to different places, following, however, the went to the strong castle of Alleres* in Pailleul, situated in Picardy, directions of the archpriest.* where the king of Navarre was imprisoned, under'the guard of sir Tristan du Bois. These gentlemen brought such certain and assured CHAPTER C LXXVII. tokens to the governor, that he allowed them to watch the opportunity when sir Tristan should be absent, so that by their means the A WELSHMAN, OF THE NAME OF RUFFIN,t COMMAmNs A TROOP OF THE king of Navarre was delivered out of his prison, and carried by FREE COMPANIES. them with great joy to Amiens, where he was gladly and honorably AT this time, also, there was another company of men-at-arms, or received. robbers, collected from all parts; who stationed themselves between He dismounted at the house of a canon, who was much attached the rivers Loire and Selne, so that no one dared to travelbetween to him, whose name was the lord Guy Kyrec. The king was con. e dredto rael etwento him, whose name was theloduyye.Thkigwson Paris and Orleans, nor between Paris and Montargis, or even to re- ducted thither by the lord John de Piquigny; and he remained main in the country: the inhabitants on the plains had all fled to with the canon fifteen days, until he had completed his equipage, Paris and Orleans. This company had chosen for their leader a and was assured of the duke of Normandy's dispositions; for the Welshman named Ruffin, whom they had knighted, and who ac- provost of the merchants, who much loved him, obtained by entrea. quired such immense riches as could not he counted. These com- ties his pardon from the duke, as well as firom his fellow-citizens at panies advanced one day near to Paris, another day toward Orleans, Paris. Upon this, the king of Navarre was escorted to Paris by the another time to Chartres; and there was no town nor fortress but lord John de Piquigny and others, citizens of Amiens, where he was what was taken and pillaged, excepting such as were strongly gar- gladly seen by all sorts of people: even the duke of Normandy en. risoned. St. Arnout,t Galardon,~ Broumaulx, Aloes, Estampes,lI tertained him; for it was necessary he should do so, as the provost Chartres,' Montlehery,** Plouviers in the Gatinois, Milly,ti Lar- and his faction had exhorted him to it; and the duke dissembled his chant,14 Chktillon,~~ Montargis,Il[j Yssieres, were plundered, and so own inclinations, to comply with those of the provost and the Pa. many other towns that it would be difficult to recount them all. risians. They rode over the country in parties of twenty, thirty, or forty, meeting with none to check their pillage; while, on the sea.coast of CHAPTER CLXXX. Normandy, there were still a greater number of English and Navarrois, plunderers, and robbers. Sir Robert Knolles was their leader, THE KING OF NAYARRE tAKES A SOLEMN HAXRANGUE TO THE PARISIANS. who conquered every town and castle he came to, as there was no WHEN the king of Navarre had been some time in Paris, he coone to oppose him. Sir Robert had followed this trade for some lected an assembly of all sorts of people; prelates, knights, and the time, and by it gained upward of 100,000 crowns. lIe kept a great students at the university. He made to them a very long and studied many soldiers in his pay; and, being very liberal, he was cheerfully harangue in Latin. The duke of Normandy was likewise present. followed and obeyed. He complained of the grievances and ills he had unjustly suffered, and said that no one could possibly entertain a doubt that his sole C H APTER CLXXVIII. wish must be to live and die defending the realm and crown of France. It was his duty so to do; for he was descended from it, in TEIE PROVOST OF THE MERCHANTS OF PARIS KILLS THREE KNIGHTS IN a direct line, both by father and mother; and by his words he gave THE APARTMENT OF THE PRINCE. them to understand, that if he chose to challenge the realm and DURING the time that the three estates governed the kingdom, all crown of France for himself, he could show that his right to them sorts of people united themselves together; under the name of Free was incontestably stronger than that of the king of England. Companies; they made war upon every man that was worth robbing. It must be observed, that he v;as heard with great attention, and I must here inform you that the nobles and prelates of the realm much commended. Thus, by little and little, he won the hearts of and church began to be weary of the government and regulations the Parisians, who loved and respected him more than they did the of the three estates: they therefore permitted the provost of the regent, duke of Normandy. Many other cities and towns in France merchants to Paris to summon some of the citizens, because they followed this example: but, notwithstanding all the love and affeo were going greater lengths than they approved of. tion which the provost of merchants and the Parisians showed to the It happened one day, when the regent of France was in his palace king of Navarre, the lord Philip de Navarre would not be seduced at Paris, with many knights, nobles, and prelates, that the provost by it, or consent to come to Paris. He said, that in commonalties of the merchants collected also a great number of the common there was neither dependence nor union, except in the destruction people of Paris who were devoted to him, all wearing caps~~ simnilar of everything good. to his own, that they might know each other; and attended by this crowd, the provost came to the palace. He entered the apartment of the duke, and demanded of him, in an insolent manner, to take C H A P T E R C L X X X I. the management of the kingdom of France, and to govern it wisely THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE INFAMOUS JAQUERIE OF BEAUYOISIS. (since it would become his by inheritance,) that all those free compa- N after the deliverance of the Ig of Navarre out of prison, a nies, who at present were overrunning the country, might be prevented from doing further mischief. The duke replied that he would very marvellous and great tribulation befel the kingdom of France, in willingly comply with his request, if he had the means to cry it Beauvoisis, Brie, upon the river Marne, in the Laonnois, and in the willingly comply with his request, if he had the, means to carry it ihoodofSson.Some of the inhabitants of the, country into execution, but that it more properly belonged to those who had neighborhood of Soissons. tonsihoho ofossen.Smbed together inhBabvi ithotants leaer the cuty raised and received the imposts due to the realm, to perform it. towns assembled together in Beuvoisis, witout ay leader: they wYere not at first more tlhan one hundred men. They said that the I cannot pretend to say how it happened, but words increased so were not at first more than one hundred men. They said that the much and with such warmth, that at last three of the principal coun nobles of the kingdom of France, knights and squires, were a dissellors of the duke were slain, and so near to him that their blood grace to it, and that it would be a very meritorious act to destroy flew over his ribe: he himself was in very great danger, but they them all: to which proposition every one assented, and added, shame befal him that should be the means of preventing the gentlemnen had put one of their caps on his head, and he consented to pardon befal him that should be the means of preventing the gentlemen the death of his three knights. Two of them were knights of arms, from being wholly destroyed. They then, without further counsel, and the other of laws. Their names were, the lord Robert d Cler- collected themselves in a body, and with no other arms than the mont, a gallant and magnificent knight, and the lord do Conflans- staves shod with iron, which some had, and others with knives, the knight of laws was the lord Simon de Buci.*** the knght o lawswas te lordSimondo Bni.***marched to the house of a knight who lived near, and breaking it some_ ~ __ ~~~~~~~~~~ _open, murdered the knight, his lady, and all the children, both great * So some of his company departed: but styll the archpriest kept his company to- and small; they then burnt the house. gether.-LoaD BEaRNER's. Hares calls him rit, bt mets no authority.INRS. After this, their second expedition was to the strong castle of A tow10 liesue eilectionu mof n D oria another knight, which they took, and, having tied him to a stake, IA town in Beauce, election of Dourdon. ~A town in Beanuce, election of Chartres. niany of them violated his wife and daughter before his eyes: they II A city in Beauice, thirteen leagues firom Paris. then murdered the lady, her daughter, and the other children, and I1 A city ofOrleanois, capital of Beauce, twenty-two leagues from Paris. last of all the knight himself, with much cruelty. They destroyed " A town in the isle of France, seven leagues from Paris. tiA tows ia ther isle of Fresco, seven iegues from Path. and burnt his castle. They did the like to many castles and hand. It A market-town in Gatinois. It St. Mathurin de Larchant, a town in Gatinois. some houses; and their numbers increased so much that they were ~~ A tows is Beasce, election of Ch~teatsdsn. in a short time upward of six thousand: wherever they went, they Ca!I (3pstai of Gatisois, twosty-soves leagues and a baifirom Paris. received additions, for all of their rank in life followed them, while ~ ~ Mi partie bleu. ~**' Etiennee Marcel was provost ofthe merchants. The president, Henauit, only men- every one else fled, carrying off with them their ladies, damsels, and lions Robsert de (Clernmont, marechal de Normandie, and Jean de Confians. marechal de children, ten or twenty leagues distant, where they thought they Champagne, es having been slain in the apatrtment of the regent. Mezeray says the 1*1ne. Siiop de Huci he states as premier presidlest, and ennobled 1. 39. This insolence * Q. if not Allery, which is a town in Picardy, near to Amiens. It was said before ef Mlarcel he putl under the year 1358, and the king of Navarre's escape'from prison that tihe castle of Crevac'ur was his prison, Banme says it was.drleuz, a towsn 0 the diocese of Cambray and Dounay. CHRONICLES OF ENG AN D, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 113 could place them in security, leaving their houses, with all their have amounted to more than one hundred thousand. When they riches in them. were asked for what reason they acted so wickedly; they replied, These wicked people, without leader and without arms, plundered they knew not, but they did so because they saw others do it; and and burnt all the houses they came to, murdered every gentleman, they thought that by this means they should destroy all the noblh and violated every lady and damsel they could find. He who com- and gentlemen in the world. mitted the most atrocious actions, and such as no human creature At this period, the duke of Normandy, suspecting the king of Navarre, the provost of merchants and those of his faction, for they were always unaniu mous in their sentiments, set out fi'om Paris, an went to the Fifteenth_; bridge at Charenton. I'.....-:ev.... dupon-Marne, where he would have issued a special sumhe greatest ma amongthemmons for the attendi -~-~ nc niance of the crown Aimon other infamous actstevassals, and sent a de, fastened h i m' t a spfiance to the provost of merchants, and th'o:t They.hadchosena ing' all those who should ul", denominated him Jamesupport him. The pro. o~~o"ed a~ I~~vost, being fearful he anl destroyed in the cwould return in the ~-~ —""~,'~F~'~ nng ~_sBBL ~ "night-time to Paris, nr~~ ~'LH (which was then un. ILq~ au O inclosed,) collected as.'~,.',WI,~. 1* many workmen as pos. By the acts sible from all partso,. and employed them to make ditches quite: bE h a every l a dy, knig htr, aound Paris. He also. surrounded it by a wall with stro ng gatea-. For the space of one: year, there were threei Ansulted an fewrmreed h uhs fNrhundred workmleh b:m daily employed; the. expense of which waes equal to maintaining:, an army. Imuse t sfay,, that to surround, wvith,. a sufficient defence,. such a city as Paris,, was an act of greater BATTLE OF:MEAUX, in Brie, where the Jacquerie were defeated by the count de Foix and tile captal de Buch From a MS. Froissart of the utility than any pro.. Fifteenth Century. vest of merchants had: ever done before; for. otherewise it w ould.; would have imagined, was the most applauded, and considered as have been plundered and destroyed several times by the different: the greatest man among them. I dare not write the horrible and factions. inconceivable atrocities they committed on the persons of the ladies. Among other infamous acts, they murdered a knight; and having CHAPTER CLXX IV. fastened him to a spit, roasted him before the eyes of his wife and his children, and, after ten or twelve had violated her, they forced THE BATTLE OF MEAUX IN BRIE, WHERE THE VILLAINS ARE DISCOMFITbD ther to eat some of her husband's flesh, and then knocked her brains By THE EA L OF FOIX AND THE CAFTAL OF BUCIH. out. They had chosen a king among them, who came from Cler- AT the time these wicked men were overrunning the country, ther mont in Beauvoisis: he was elected as the worst of the bad, and earl of Foix, and his cousin the captal of Buch were returning from a, they denominated him James Goodman.* These wretches burnt croisade in Prussia.* They were informed, on their entering France,. and destroyed in the county of Beauvoisis, and at Corbie, Amiens, of the distress the nobles were in; and they learnt, at the city of Aid Montdidier, upward of sixty good houses and strong' casties. Chalons, that the duchess of Orleans, and three hundred other ladies,,, By the acts of such traitors in the country of Brie and thereabout, it under the protection of the duke of Orleans, were fled to Meaux on behoved every lady, knight, and squire, having the means of escape, account of these disturbances. The two knights resolved to go to, to fly to Meaux, if they wished to preserve themselves from being the assistance of these ladies, and to reinforce them with all theirinsulted and afterwards murdered. The duchess of Normandy, the might, notwvith:4-,bndin the captal was attached to the English; but. duchess of Orleans, and many other ladies, had adopted this course at that time thim:e was a truce between the two kings. They might: to save themselves from violation. These cursed people thus sup- have in tmcsir company about sixty lances. They were most cheer. ported themselves in the countries between Paris, Noyon, and Sois- fully received, on their arrival at Meaux, by the ladies and damsels;. sons, and in all the territory of Coucy, in the county of Valois. In for these Jacks and peasants of Brie had heard what number of ladies, the bishoprics of Noyon, Laon, and Soissons, there were upward married and unmarried, and young children of quality, were in of one hundred castles and good houses of knights and squires de- Meaux; they had united themselves with those of Valois, and werestroyed. on their road thither. On the other hand, those of Paris had also beeR informed of the treasures Meaux contained, and had set out from, that place in crowds. having met the others, they amounted together te, C H A P T E R C L X X X III. nine thousand men: their forces were augmenting every step they TIlE KING OF NAVARRE DEFEATS MANY OF THESE VILLAINS IN BEAU- advanced. VOISIS. THE PROVOST OF MERCHANTS BUILDS A WALL ROUND PARIS. They came to the gates of the town, which the inhabitants opened' WHVEN the gentlemen of Beauvoisis, Corbie, Vermandois, and of to them,and allowed them to enter; they did so in such numbers: the lands where these wretches were associated, saw to what lengths that all the teet ere quite filled, as far as the maretpic, whic their madness had extended, they sent for succor to their firiends in is tolerably strong, but it requiied to he guarded, though the rh'er' Flanders, Hainault, and Bohemia: from which placeumbers soon Maine nearly surrounds it. The nole danies who were lodged there,., came, and united themselves with the gentlemen of the country. They seein such multitudes rushing toward them, were exceedingly began therefore to kill and destroy these wretches wherever the fiohtened. On this, the two lords and their company advanced to. met them, and hung them up by troops oii the nearest trees. Tli the gate of the market-place, which they had opened, andmarchinq king of Navarre even destroyed in one day, near Clermont in Beau. under the banners of the earl of Foix and duke of Orleans, and the voisis, upward of three thousand: but they were by this time so mnuch increased in number, thut had they been Baltogether, they would * Barns says that the lord Fauconbridge was with them, and quotes Dugdale. vol. [i' —~ —--- — p 4: but I do not see that he mentions anything relative to this ma'tr, excspt that Ab * Jacoues Boo o-t,,sins. esa4d aoyage to the toly Land. 114 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, F'.ANCE, SPAIN, &c. pennon of the captal of Buch, posted themselves in front of this peas- These things being settled, the king of Navarre returned to St. antry, who were badly armed. When these banditti perceived such Denis, and the duke went to Meaux in Brie, where he dismissed his a troop of gentlemen, so well equipped, sally forth to guard the mar- army. Some of the citizens of Paris, to whom the treaty had given ket-place, the foremost of them began to fall back. The gentlemen more freedom to speak their minds, entreated the duke to return to then followed them, using their lances and swords. When they felt Paris, in all security, and that they would pay him every honor in the weight of their blows, lhey, through fear, turned about so fast, their power. The duke answered, "that he should consider the peace they fell one over the other. All manner of armed persons then as good, having sworn to it; that it should never, with God's per rushed out of the barriers, drove them before them, striking them mission, be infringed by him; but that he would never again enter down like beasts, and clearing the town of them; for they kept Paris, unless he had satisfaction from those who had insulted him.' neither regularity nor order, slaying so many that they were tired. The provost of the merchants, and those of his faction, frequently They flung them in great heaps into the river. In short, they killed visited the king of Navarre at St. Denis: they remonstrated with him upward of seven thousand. Not one would have escaped, if they on the indignation of the duke, which they had incurred on his achad chosen to pursue them furthe'. count (for they had delivered him out of prison and brought him to On the retuirn of the men-at-arms, they set fire to the town of Paris,)and that in the name of God, they would not place any confiMeaux, burnt it; and all the peasants they could find were shut up dence in the duke, nor in his council. in it, because they had been of the party of the Jacks. Since this The king replied: " Be assured, gentlemen and friends, that you discomfiture which happened to them at Meaux, they never collected shal not suffer any ills without my partaking of them; and, as you again in any great bodies; for the young Enguerrand de Coucy* had have at present the government of Paris, I would advise you to pro plenty of gentlemen under his orders, who destroyed them, wherever vide yourselves with gold and silver, so that, if there should be any 1hev could be met with, without mercy.t~ necessity, you may know where to find it, and send it confidentially here to me at St. Denis, trusting to my faith: I will take good care of it, and will keep secretly a body of men-at-arms, and other conmpanions, with whom, in case of need, you may make war upon your C H A P T E R C L X X X V. enemies." The provost of the merchants followed this advice; and rARIS BESIEGED BY THE DUKE OF NORMANDY, REGENT OF FRANCE. thrice* every week afterwards, he conducted two horses laden with florins to the king of Navarre, at St. Denis, who most cheerfully NOT long after this event, the duke of Normandy assembled many received them. noblemen and gentlemen, as well those of his own kingdom as from the empire, by means of subsidies. They might arnmount, in the whole, to more than three thousand lances. With this force he marched to lay siege to Paris, toward the suburbs of St. Antoine, C H A P T E R C L X X X V I. along the river Seine. IHe took up his quarters at St. Maur,t and SOME FARISIANS ARE SLAIN AT ST. CLOUD, BY THE ENGLISH WHO HAD encamped his army in that neighborhood; whence he made excur- BEEN SOLDIERS IN PARIS. sions with it every day toward Paris. Sometimes the duke resided at Charenton, at others at St. Maur. at Charenton, at others at St. Maur. I. THERE had remained in Paris a great number of the English and Nothing could enter Paris, by land or water, on that side; for the Navarre soldiers, whom the provost and commonalty of Paris had duke had possession of the two rivers, Marne and Seine: his people in their pay, to assist them against the duke of Normandy, and very had burnt all the villages around Paris, which were not inclosed, in loyally and well had they served them during the time the war lasted.,order to chastise more severely the Parisians. Paris itself would Vhen the treaty was concluded, between the duke and the Parisians, have been destroyed if it had not been fortified, as before related; some of these soldiers left Paris, others remained. Those that quitted,and no one dared to enter or go out of it, for fear of the duke's army, it went to the king of Navarre, who retained them all, but there were cwho scoured both sides of the Seine as they pleased, for none yenleft behind in Paris about three hundred, who enjoyed themselves,.uWred to oppose them. The provost of merchants still continued his and spent their money cheerfully. There happened, however, a quar-,attachment to the king of Navarre as strong as ever; as did the rel between them and the inhabitants, when upward of sixty English enuncil and commonalty of Paris; and, as before said, he employbd were slain. The provost was exceedingly angry at this, and blamed,people night and day the more strongly to fortify the city. He had the Parisians highly; but to appease the commonalty, he seized one also a large, body of men-at-arms, Navarre soldiers and English arch- hundred and fifty of the English, whom he confined over three gates,,er, ad othe c m p aion wih hm.There were among the inhab- n rsas iers, and other companions with him. There were among the inhb- and told the Parsians, who were so much incensed that they wanted itants some very determined and able men, such as John Maillart to murder them, that he would have them punished, according to his rother Symon, and many of their relations, by whom he a their deserts, which satisfied them. When night came, the provost very much disliked on account of his hatred to tlie duke of Normandy; set them at liberty to go where they pleased; they went to St. Denis.but the provost had attached to himself such a strong party, that no to the king of Navarre, who accepted their services. one dared to contradict him, unless -he wished to be murdered with- In the morning, when the Parisians found that the English were ~~~~~~~ou~~t mn~ercy.. ~let out of prison, they were much enraged against the provost; but,out mercy.. ~~~~~~~~~~he, who was a prudent and wise man, knew well how to dissem-ble The king of Navarre, who was acquainted with all this vatriance he, who was a prudent and wise man, knew well how to dissemble,between the duke of Normandy and the Parisians, justly imagined, what part he had in it, and to turn it off, so that it was soon forgotten. that things could not long continue in their present state; nor had he When these soldiers, English and Navarrois, were all collected toanyver grat onidence in the commonalty of Par'is: he therefore any very great conmmlene in the commonalty of Paris: he therefore gether at St. Denis, they were upward of three hundred. They re. quitted Paris as handsomely as he could, and went to St. Denis, solved to be revenged for the murder of their companions and the where there was a large body of men-at-arms in the pay of the Pni insults they themselves had sustained. They first sent a challenge sians. In this position, the king remained for six weeks, and the to the Parisians, and then made war upon them, cutting off and slay.,duke at Charenton. The two armies pillaged and ruined the country ing all those who issued omt of the town, so that no one dared to on all sides. The archbishop of Sens, the bishop of Auxerre, the venture beyond the gates. The provost of the merchants was, upon bishop of Beauvais, thelord of Montmorency, the lord of Fiennes and this, required to arm a part of the commonalty, and take the field,,the lord de St. Venant, undertook to mediate between them. They for they were desirous of fighting these English. He complied with,managed so wisely with both parties, that the king of Navarre, of his their request, and said he would accompany them. He armed, therefore, a body of the Parisians, and marched out, to the number of',own free will and accord, went to the duke, his brother-in-law, at fore, a body of the Parisians, and marched out, to the number of.Charenton, and mlade excuses for having given him cause of suspi- twelve hundred, who, when they were in the plains, were informed cion. First, for the death of the two marshals and master Simon de tt the English they ere in search of were i te neighborhood of:Buci; also for the insult which the provost of the merchants had St. Cloud. Upon this intelligence, they divided themselves in two offered to him in his own palace at Paris, which he swore had been bodies, and took separate roads. These two parties were on their:done without his knowledge. He promised the duke to remain with march all that day round Montmartre, but did not meet their enemies "him at all events, during this expedition. Upon this peace was made It chanced that the provost had the smallest division, and, after between them. The king of Navarre added, that he would have the searching all about, entered Paris by St. Martin's gate, without Parisians corrected for the evil deeds they had committed. The com- having done anything. The other division, who were ignorant of.monalty were to be included in this peace; but the duke was to have the return of the provost, kept the field until vespers, when they be. the provost of the merchants delivered up to him, and twelve of the gan their retreat, but without any regular order, like those who did e~itizens, according to his choice, to punish in what manner he should not look for or expect any hindrance. They came back in crowds think best. quite fatigued; some carried their helmets in their hands, others slung them round their necks; some dragged their swords after them' En'agem-s'mnd de Coucy was one of the hostages given by France to England, at on the ground, while others hung theirs on their shoulders. They the treaty for the liberty of king Johmn. had taken their road so as to enter Paris by the gate of St. Honor6,t Edward, to attach him to his interest, married him to Isabella his second daughter, and when suddenly they came upon the English, to the amount of four gave him very large possessions in England. He erected time barony of Bedford into hundred in a hollow road, who, upon seeing them, began to shout, anm earldloma in his favor. For fhither particumars relating to Enguerrand de Coucy, see M. de Zurlauhen's me- "Here are the Frenchmen!" and fell upon them, which made them molr, in the xxvth vol. of the Mimoires de l'Acaddmie des Inscriptions, p. 118. fly in every direction. At the first onset, there were upward of two t Barnes says, that'"their captain, James the Goodman, being here taken alive, was sent to the dauphin, who, understanding that he had assumed the name of a khng, caused him to be crowned witlh a trivet, or time three-legged frame of an iron skellet, red' Lord Berners and D. Sauvage say twIce. —Eu. not, and so to be hanged, in remuits, for all his barbarous cruelties t At that period the gate of St. Honor6 was near the Quinze-Visgts - -.M5,mires ad t Probably St. Maur des-Fossez, in the Isle of France 1' cadSnmie. tom. xvii. p. 696. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 115 hundred overthrown. The French, who had not kept any order in Maillart and two masters in Parliament, sir John Alpnonso, and their march, were so much astonished that they never thought of master John Pastorel, to the duke of Normandy, who resided ai rallying, but made, the best of their way to escape, and were killed Charenton. They related to the duke the event that had hapnened ip in their flight like so many sheep. There were upward of six hun- Paris, and besought him to return thither to direct and counsel the dred slain in this pursuit; they were followed even beyond the bar- city henceforward, as all his adversaries were slain. The duke riers of Paris. The commonalty of Paris threw all the blame of replied, that he would willingly comply with their request. He ac. this accident on the provost of the merchants, and said that he had cordingly came to Paris, attended by sir Arnold d'Andreghen, the betrayed them. On the next morning, the near relations and friends lord of Roye, with many other knights, and took up his lodgings in of those that had been slain, issued out of Paris with cars and carts, the Louvre.. to seek for the bodies of the dead to bury them: but the English had placed an ambuscade near the field of battle, when they killed * All this chapter I have translated from my copy printed on vellum, which is con and wounded more than six score of them. formable to Denys Sauvage's edition, and to lord Berners's translation: but, onil comnpar iThe Parisians were thrown into great trouble and dismay, for they init with two of my manuscripts, there is a very great difference; they are perfectly The Parisians were thrown ito great trouble and dismay, for they similar inthe text to the three manuscripts mentioned by M. Dacier in his memoir, "'To did not know whom to trust. They were night and day under much whom ought to be attributed the glory of thle revolution whilch saved Paris during the alarm, for the king of Navarre was grown cold in his proffered as- captivity of king John "-JMlmoires de lPcadcmic des Inscriptions, &c., vol. xliii sistance to support them, on account of the peace which he had 513. M. Dacier proves very clearly, that John Maillart, so far from being the hero whi sworn to the duke of Normandy, and also for the outrage which the saved his country, was a rebel, and connected with the provost: that the regent, on that Parisians had committed on the English soldiers: he connived, account, confiscated the property whichl John Maillart had in the county of DParripmuar therefore, at the chastisement they had received. On the other hand. tin, and gave to John de Chastilson, earl of Porcien, and his heirs for ever, on account the duke of Normandy was much enraged, that the provost of the o the services he had rendered, and was still rerndiering to the king, a rent charge of five hundred livres of this confiscated property in Danipmartin and elsewhere. Extracted merchants should still keep the government of Paris. The provost from tihe Tr6sor des Chartres-LRegistro 86, piece 142. and his faction were not quite at their ease; for the Parisians, as M. Dacier continues: "If this piece should leave any doubts upon the want of exact they were well informed, despised them exceedingly. ness in the narration of Froissart, I hope to be able to showv, that the commonly-received. narration is not the true text. I believe Ihave found this text in thlree manuscripts in the king's library, two of which are perhaps the most ancient and authentic that exist in any library. One, numbered 83i8, has a date, which marks its age; upon one of the leaves of the vellum, at the beginring, iswritten: "''This is a part of tihe chronicles done by master John Froissrart, a Hainaulter, fi'on CHAPTER CLXXXVII. the time of king Charles IV., of tIe wars betvween France and Englrrand; which chron icles nmaster Williamn Boisratier, master of requests of the kinrg's palace, one of his counTRE DEATH OF THE PROVOST OF THE MERCHANTS OF PARIS. sellers, and counsellor also to the duke of Berry Iris lordl, gave to tile aforesaid dulke his THE provost and those of his party held many secret councils iABlorr, in his hotel de Neelle, thIe 8th day of Noverrber in the year 1407.'-Signed THE pr;ovost and those of his party held many secret councils LML - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~FLxstnEL. among themselves, to consider in what manner they could best keep "The manuscript cannot be later than this date; and one may see by the signature of their authority. They knew they should not find mercy from the W Boisratier, which is on a leaf of parchmert pasted on the inside of the cover, thant duke of Normandy, whose general answer to the Parisians was, that he had been owner of it some time befbre hie presented it to the duke of Berry; so that he would never make peace with them, until twelve persons from Paris it ray, without difficulty, be estimated as having been written the latter etnd of tie 14th should be given up to him, according to his choice, for him to deal century. The second manuscript is so perfectly conformaable to the fist in thie quality of the vellum, the color of the ink, and the form of the letters, that it clearly belongs to the with as he pleased. This declaration had very much alarmed the same period." provost and his friends; they thought it preferable to remain alive M. Dacier does not believe these manuscripts copied from the same original, nor from in good prosperity than to be destroyed, and that it was much better each other. I-le then goes on to the to slay than to be slain. They entered, therefore, into a secret treaty "Third manuscript, numbered 6760, whiich is less ancient. It appears to have been with the English, to continue on the war against Paris. It was written toward tire middleof tIe l5tr entury. in omparirigitwiti tie twopreceriirsg, I have ibund some diffllerences that prove it is not a copy ti'om them. This lbrms a third agreed upon between them, that the provost and his friends should testimony in favor of tihe text of Froissart. As this text Ihas never been published, 1 be posted over the gates of St. Honor6 and St. Anthony, so that the shall transcribe the whole chapter, except tile first twenty lines, in whicns the historian English and Navarrois might together enter Paris at midnight, pro- lays down the plan of thie conspiracy of Marcel similar to what is in thIe printed editions. periy prepared to ruin and destroy the town, except such parts where "That very night which was to disclose all this mischief; (that is to say, tile destruesignals should be placed at the doors or windows: wherever this tion of Paris,) God mtpiri ed and alarmed some of tihe citizens of Paris, whlo were and ever had been attached to the duke of Nornmandy, of whom sir Pepin des Essarts any" signal was not found, they were to put men and women to the sir John de Charrny were thIe leanders; and these were, as we niay snppose, inlli'rrred by sword. divine inspiration that Paris was to be overrun and destroyed. Threy soon arrmed theam The night on which this enterprise was to take place, God showed selves, made all those of their party do tile same, and secretly spread abroad their intel his mercy to some of the citiens who had always been attched to ligence in dilfferent qtarters, that they might have more assistance. This sir Pepin then set out, with many other determined companions, well arrrmed. Sir Pepin displayed the the duke, that is to say, John Maillart, his brother Symon, and many banner of France, crying out.su Roi, and.8u Dure, followed by crowds of people. others, by divine inspiration (as one may well suppose it) gained in- until they came to the gate of St. Antheony, where they found the provost of the mci formation that Paris was to be sacked and destroyed. They there- chants, holding the keys inhis hands. fore armed themselves secretly, made all their party do the same, 1"John Maillart was liikewise there, who, having had that day a dispute with the pro vest and with Jesseran de Matscon, hlad joined the party of the duke of No~rmandy, and whispered their suspicions abroad, in order to acquire more help. yost and with Josseran de Mascon, mad joined tie party of the duke of Nnrnsandy. Tihe provost was severely taunted by words and arguments; and there was such a noise They all came properly armed, a little before midnight, to the gate of made by the crowd, that scarcely anythinng could be heard: they kept crying out,'Kill St. Anthony, where they found the provost of the merchants with the them, kill them kill the provost of the merchants and his allies, for they are all traitors.' keys of the gate in his hand. Upon this, John Maillart said to him, cal Tlherec was a great tumult; and the provost, who was standing on the steps of the tfort him by his name: Stephen, what do you here at this time of St. Anthony, would willingly have escaped, but he was so beset that he could not. hug ib rm Se e h ohra itm fSir John de Charny struck him to the ground by a blow of his banttle-axe on the hIead. night?" The provost replied: "John, why do you ask it? I am here to He was then attacked by master Peter Fouace and others, who never quitted him until take care of, and to guard the city, of which I have the government." he was dead, as well as six of his party: among whom were Philip Guiflrrt, John de "LBy God, answered John, " things shall not go on so: you are not Lille, John Poiret, Simon le Paonnier, and Giles Marcel. Many more were taken ano sent to prison. They then made search in all the streets of Paris, put the town in a state here at this hour for any good, which I will now show you," addres- of security, and kept a strong guard all that nighit. sing himself to those near him; "for see how he has got the keys "You ftnust know, that as soon as the provost of the merchants and thIe others, had of the gate in his hand, to betray the city." The provost said, been slain and made prisoners, which happened on Tuesday, the last day of July, 1318. "1Joha, you lie." John replied, " It is you, Stephen, who lie;" and in the afternoon, messengers were sent in Ihaste to carry this news to tihe duke of Norrushing on him, cried to his people, Kill them, kill them: now strike mandy, at that time at Meaux, which gave him, and not without reason, great pleasure. ushing on him, crieda to his people, "Kill them, kill them: now strike a He made preparations for his journey to Paris; but, before his arrival, Josseran de Mashome, for they are all traitors. There was a very great bustle; and con, who was the treasurer to the king of Navarre, and Charles Toussac, sheriff of the provost would gladly have escaped, but John struck him such a': Paris, who had been made prisoners, were executed in the square of the Grive, by hayblow with his axe on the head, that he felled him to the ground, ing their heads cut off, because they had been traitors, and wsere of the provost's party although he was his comrade, and never left him until he had killed The body of this provost and of those that had been slain with him, were dragged into the court of the church of St. Catherine du Val des Ecoliers, and, naked as they were, him. Six others, who were present, were also killed: the remainder extended before the cross in that court, and left there a considerable time fbr thie view were carried to prison. They then put themselves in motion, and of all those that chose it: they were afterwards thrown into the river Seine. awakened every one in the different streets of Paris. "The duke of Normandy, who had sent a sufficiency of men-at-arms to Paris, to deJohn Maillart and his party went to the gate of St. Honor6, where fend and reinforce it against the English and Navarrois, who were in the neighborhood they found those of the provost's faction, whom they accused of continually harassing it, set out from Meaux, where he then resided, and came with t aey fond whose oexcuses were of no avail, Mayof thor w uer speed to Paris, attended by a noble and numerous escort of men-at-arms. He was retreason, and whose excuses were of no avail. Many of them were ceived by the good town of Paris, and by all persons with greatjoy, when he dismounted taken, and sent to different prisons: those who would not suffer at the Louvre. John Maillart was at that time near his person, and much in his grace themselves to be made prisoners, were slain without mercy. This and favor; and, to say the truth, he was then very deserving of it, as you have heard same night, all those who were inculpated in the treason, for which related above, notwithstanding he had been formerly, as it was said, one of the allies of the provostof the merchants. Shortly afterwards, the duke sent for the duchess of Normandy his wife, and all the ladies who had for some time taken refuge at Meaux in Brie. been sent to prison had confessed the fact. On the morrow morning, When they came to Paris, the duehess alighted at the hotel of the duke, which had John Maillart assembled the greater part of the commonalty of Paris been the hotel de St. Pol, whither he hmad retired, and where he had remained for a conniderable tine." in the market-place; where, having mounted a scaffold, he explained, Daie thend in general terms, his reasons for having killed the provost of the " This is the new reading I announeed, and which appears to me fa1r preferable to the merchants. All those who had been of the faction of the provost c ommon one, because it unites the double advanitage of coming from the most authentic were then condemned to die by the elders of the commonalty, and manuscripts we know, and of agreeing much better than the printed copies, as well were accordingly executed with various tortures. with tine conteamporary historians, as with the othrer monuments of the times, to which These things done, John Maillart, who was so much in the Pan. it may oerve both as a commentary and supplement." I shall refer the reader, forfurthee proofs thlt John RMalilart was not the hero who saved Paris, to the memoir oflM. Dacie& lians~ favor, and some of the elders attached to him, sent Symon {n the u liiid. vol. of thid ire Memoirs of trq 4p,te.dey of Inscriptions. &c. 116 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. C H A P T ER C L X X X VI. the king of Navarre, and that their numbers were daily increasing, C HA PT ER CL XX X VI II. he sent to all the principal towns in Picardy and Vermandois, to THRE ]KIN OF NAVARRE DECLARES WAR AGAINST FRANCE, THE FRENCH require that each should, according to his proportion, send a certain KING BLEING AT THE TIME A FRISONER IN RNGLAND. number of men-at-arms, on foot and on horseback, to oppose the WHEN the king of Navarre was informed of the death of his great Navarrois, who were ruining the kingdom of which he had the gov. friend the provost of the merchants, and of those who were attached ernment. The cities and chief towns willingly complied with his to him, he was sorely vexed; for the provost had always been very request; they taxed themselves, according to their fortunes, with favorable to his designs. And because he had the reputation of being men-at-arms, both horse and foot, archers, and cross-bowvmen. These the chief cause of the. provost's treasons, the lord Philip de Navarre, advanced first toward the good city of Noyon, making straight for who at that time was at St. Denis with him, advised him, as he could the garrison of Mauconseil, because they thought this the weakest not see any means of getting clear of this suspicion, to declare war of the fortresses of the Navarrois, and that which had most harassed against the kingdom of France. He sent his challenge to the duke the inhabitants of Noyon and the country of Vermandois. of Normandy, to the Parisians, and to the whole realm of France. The bishop of Noyon, the lord Raoul de Coucy, the lord de RsHe quitted St. Denis, and his people overran the whole country, venal, the lord de Chauny, the lord de Roye, and sir Matthew de plundering it as far as Melun-sur-Seine, where the queen Blanche Roye, his brother, were the captains and leaders of these men-at. his sister, the widow of king Philip, resided. That lady received arms, and the other troops. These lords had with them many othel him cheerfully, and gave up to him everything she possessed. knights and squires from Picardy and Vermandois, who, laying The king of Navarre made this town and castle his principal gar- siege to Mauconseil, made many assaults on it, and hardly pressed rison. He collected men-at-arms from all parts, and soldiers from the garrison; who, when they could not hold out much longer, sent Brabant, Germany, Hainault, and Bohemia. People everywhere to inform sir John de Piquigny of their distressed situation. I-lHe came willingly to serve under him; for hlie paid them largely out of then resided in the castle of la Herielle. All these garrisons aind the treasures he had amassed, through the means of the provost of places were under his command. He made haste, therefore, to sucmerchants, from the city of Paris, as well as from the neighboring cor his good friends in Mauconseil, and sent orders privately to the towns. The lord Philip de Navarre withdrew his forces to Mantes,t garrison of Creil, to arm themselves directly, and to march to a cerand Meulan,4 upon the river Seine, where he posted garrisons. Every tain spot which he pointed out to them; for he meant to make an day their forces were increased by those who were desirous of getting excursion through the country with all the men-at-arms under his money. In this manner did the king of Navarre begin his war upon command. When they were all assembled, they amounted to one the kingdom of France, which was especially directed against the thousand lances at least. They rode on, under the direction of city of Paris, for he was master of the three rivers, the Seine, Marne, guides, all that night, without halting, and came before the castle of and Oise. Mauconseil at daybreak. There was so thick a fog that morning, The Navarrois multiplied so fast, that they took the strong town that they could not see the length of an acre of ground. Imme of Creil:~ they were besides the masters of the river Oise, and the diately on their arrival, they fell suddenly on the French army, who, strong castle of Heriellell three leagues distant firom Amiens, and not expecting them, nor having a sufficient guard, were sleeping as afterwards of Mauconseil.~. The capture of these three fortresses if in perfect safety. The Navarrois set up their cry, and begarn to was the cause of innumerable ills to the realm of France. There kill and cut down both men, tents, and pavilions. The skirnmish were at least fifteen hundred combatants who were overrunning the was very sharp, insomuch that the French had not time to ari themn. country, without any attempt made to oppose them. They soon selves or collect together, but ran off, as fast as they could, to No. spread further, and took, shortly afterwards, the castle of St. Valery,** yon, which was hard by, and the Navarrois after them. Many were of which they made a very strong garrison. Sir William de Bonne- slain and unhorsed between Noyon and Orcamp,* and between mare and John de Segurest — were governors of it. They hind under Noyon and Pont l'Evcque,t and in that neighborhood. The deatd them full five hundred fighting men, with whom they scoured the and wounded lay in heaps on the ground, on the highways, and be. country as far as Dieppe and Abbeville, along the sea-coast, to the tween the hedges. gates of Crotoy, Roye, and Montreuil.sur-mer. These Navarrois, The pursuit lasted as far as the gates of Noyon, which put thai whenever they had determined to take a castle, whatever its strength town in great danger of being ruined; for some of both parties who might be, never failed of succeeding. They frequently made excur- were there, have declared, that if the Navarrois had chosen, they sions of thirty leagues in a night, and fell upon a country that never might for a certainty have entered the town, as those who belonged suspected they could come to them. Thus did they ruin and destroy to it were so much frightened, when they returned, that they forgot, the fortresses and castles in the kingdom of France. They took or had not time to shut the gate leading to Compiegne. The bishop pleasure to summon knights, ladies, and damsels, before they were of Noyon was taken prisoner, near the barrliers, and gave his word out of bed, for their ransoms. Sometimes they seized all they had, to surrender himself, or he would have been killed. On the morrow and then turned them out of doors. the lord Raoul de Coucy was taken, as were the lord Raoul de Ravenal, The lord Fondrigais of Navarre was chief governor of CreiL.upon- the lord de Chauny, and his two sons, le borgne I de Rouvroy, the Oise. He gave passports to those who wished to go from Paris to lord de Turte, the lord de Vendneil, the lord Anthony de Coudun, and Noyon, or from Noyon to Compiegne, or from Compeigne to Sois- full one hundred knights and squires. sons, or Laon, as well as to other parts in the neighborhood. These There were upward of fifteen hundred men slain; the greatest passports were worth to him, while he remained at Creil, one hundred loss fell upon those who came from the city of Tournay; they sufthousand livres. Sir John de Piquigny, who, though of Picardy, feted much, as many had come from that part. Some said, that V, was strongly attached to the cause of Navarre, resided in the castle the seven hundred which they at first were, scarcely any returned of Herielle. His troops grievously oppressed the inhabitants of baclk, but all were either killed or taken prisoners. The garrison of Montdidier, Arras, Peronne, Amiens, and all that part of Picardy on Mauconseil made a sally, to complete this defeat, which happened the river Somme. In the castle of Mauconseil were three hundred in the year 1358, on the Tuesdsy following the feast of our Lady, men, under the command of Rabigeois de Dury,tI Charles Frang- the middle of August. The Navarrois conducted the greater part nelin, and Hannequin Fran~ois; they plundered the country all of their prisoners to Creil, because it was a good and strong town. round Noyon, and all the large towns and monasteries which were'They acquired by this expedition much wealth, as well in jewels as not fortified, if their inhabitants did not ransom themselves from by the ransoms of their prisoners. From this time they became rich, these captains, by paying them a certain number of florins weekly. and ransomed the citizens of Tournay and those of the other towns On any other conditions they would have been burnt and destroyed, whom they had captured cheerfully, for such sort of ware as swords, for these ruffians were very cruel to their enemies. From such causes axes, spearheads, jackets, doublets, housings, and for all the differ. as these, the lands were uncultivated; for no one dared to till them; ent sorts of tools they were in want of. The knights and squires so that very great scarcity soon added to the disasters under which took their payments in ready money, in coursers or other horses; the kingdom already labored. and one poor gentleman that had not wherewithal to pay, they made serve for a quarter of a year: two or three were treated in this manner.~ With regard to wines and provision, they had plenty: for all CHAPTER CLXXXIX. the flat countries supplied them handsomely by way ofransom. The THE NAVARROS AR BESIEGED IN THE CASTLE OF AUCONSEIL, B THE towns got nothing, but in an underhand manner, or by means of their passports, which they sold at a high price. By this method MEN OF FICARDY. they could obtain all they wanted, except hats of beaver, ostrich fea. WHEN the duke of Normandy, who resided at Paris, heard that thers, and spearheads; which things they never would insert in their these men-at-arms were destroying the country, under the name of passports. The garrison of Mauconseil destroyed the greater part of ~ Melun —an ancient town in the Isle of France, ten leagures and a half from Paris. the fine abbey of Orchamps, at which the governor was much ent Mantes —in the Isle of France, capital of the Mantois, fourteen leagues from Paris. raged when informed of it. Meolan, or IMeullent —in the lute of France, fror leaguer from Mantei, menu from Paris. These Navarrois spread themselves over many places, along the ~ Creil —a town in the Isle of France, on the Oise, twenty leagues and a half from Amiens, ten leagues and a half from Paris. banks of the Somme and theOiee; and two of their men-at-arms, H La Herielle —a village in Picardy, in the election of Montdidier, near Breteuil. called Rabigeois de Dury and Robin l'Escotll took by escalade, the ~ Q. If not Maucoort, which is a village of Picardy near Noyon. ** A town in Picardy, at the mouth of the Somme, four leagues and a half from * t "Villages near N.oyon. Abbeville. $,. Borgne —whether one-eyed; or some title, as captal or souldich? ]t Sir John Segar, an Englishman.-BAngsus. 5 And of a poor gentylman that had nothing to pay, they took their seruyce for a:tf Barnes says, that "in Mauconseil were three hundred men-at-arms, under these quarter ofa yere or a halls or thre quarters. as they could agree.': —/Lrd srsnmrs —wle mapmains, Habigois of Derry, an Irishman, Franklin and Hawkins. two squires of Eng- in this agrees with D. Gauvage. —En. land, akRobert Knolles irs comnpanions." Page 544. It Qf The flint, see note th, 1st cot, the second Robin Scott. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 117 good town of Berly,* in' which they placed a garrison, and strongly they had not been discovered, much worse things would have beea fortified it. These two companions had in pay, under their corn- done, though in truth they did enough. mand, about four hundred men, to whom they gave fixed wages, and During this time, the duke of N ormandy and his brothers resided paid them every month. The garrisons of Beaulieu, Creil, Maucon- at Paris. No merchants nor others dared to venture out of the sell, and la Herielle, scoared all parts of the country, as no one op- town, to look after their concerns, or to take any journey: for they posed them; the knights having sufficient employment in guarding were attacked and killed, whatever roads they took. The kingdom their houses and castles. These English and Navarrois went armed was so full of the Navarrois, they were masters of all the flat counor unarmed, and rode over the country at their pleasure, to amuse tries, the rivers, and the principal towns and cities. This caused themselves, from one garrison to another, as if all had been at peace. such a scarcity of provisions in France, that a small cask of herrings The young lord. de Coucy had his towns and castles extremely well was sold for thirty golden crowns, and everything else in proportion. guarded; lihe was also lord paramount of that part of the country. Many of the poor died with hunger. This famine lasted more than The canon de Robesart watched the Navarrois better than any other, four years. The great towns, in particular, were, much distressed and harassed them much; for frequently he had overthrown many for salt, which could only be had through the ministers of the duke of them. of Normandy, who sold it at a very dear rate, in order to collect more money to pay the soldiers. CHAPTER CXC. SEVERAL OF THE CITIZENS OF AMIENS ATTEMPT TO GIVE UP THAT CITY TO THE NAVARROIS. A FAMINE IN FRANCE. C A TE CX I. THE lord John de Piquigny, who was much attached to the king THE ]SEN OF PICARDY BESIEGE THE NAVARROIS IN ST. VALERT. TB) of Navarre, was the chief of his council, and through whose assist. INOM OF RANCE IS FILED WITH NAVAROIS. ance he had escaped from prison, resided at la Herielle, three leagues THE constable of France'and the young earl of St. Pol acquired from Amiens. He had tampered sc successfully, by fine speeches great populariiy in Picardy, for the succors which they had brought and otherwise, with several of the principal citizens of Amiens, tha.t to Amiens. The knights and squires of that province united themthey had consented to admit the Navarrois into the city. These selves to them; and they thought they were now in suticient force treacherous citizens had even hid in their chambers and garrets some to lay siege to St. Valery. The constable sent to all the principal of the Navarrois that were to assist in destroying their town. Lord towns, to inform them of it: upon which those of Tournay, Lisle, John de Piquigny, lord William de Graville, lord Fricquet de Fri- Douay, Arras, Bethune, St. Omer, St. Quentin, Peronne, Amiens, quant, lord Lin de Belaysy, and the lord Fondrigay, came one night, Corbie, aind Abbeville, met together: they engaged to find a certain with upward of seven hundred men to the gates of the city, which number of men, whom they sent to the constable and the earl of St. lead to la IHerielle, on assurance of their friends within the town, Pol. Even the knights and squires of Hainault put themselves in that they should be open; and they kept their promise. Upon this, motion, and came thither, on account of the estates they had in those who had been hid in cellars and garrets sallied forth, shouting, France. The lord d'Andreghen seot thither the young seneschal "Navarre!" while the inhabitants, being awakened, cried out, of Hainault, the lord John de Verthin, magnificently equipped, the "Treason, treason!" and collecting themselves together, hastened1 lord Hugh d'Antoing his cousin, with maniy others; when they toward the gate where the greatest tumult was, between the suburi.s marched to lay siege to St. Valery. There were full two thousand and the city. The first comers defended the gate well, and with knights and squires; and the chief' towns had sent twelve thousand good courage; numbers were slain on both sides. If the Navarra!s common soldiers at their expense: Abbeville, in particular, was too had hastened to enter the city instantly on their arrival, they would heavily taxed, for thence they took all their purveyances. have won ii; but they loitered in the suburbs, and performed the The siege of St. Valery lasted some time. There were many enterprise in a cowardly manner enough. sharp assaults and skirmishes. Almost every day there was some This same night, God inspired the lord Morel de Fiennes, consta- thing of the sort going forward; for the young knights and squires ble of France, and the earl de St. Pol, who were at Corhie in great were eager to make trial of their arms, and they readily found those force, with the design to go to Amiens. They rode there so fast, who would gratify them. The lord William de Bonnenare, sir John and came so opportunely, that the Navarrois had butjust gained the Segar, and several other knights, who were in the garrison, advanced suburbs: they were exerting all their efforts to win the city, and must from the barriers of the castle, to tilt and skirmish with those of the have succeeded, if these gentlemen had not arrived. As soon al army; so that there were generally some killed or wounded on both they had entered the city of Amiens by another gate, they advanced sides daily. There might have been in St. Valery three hundred to the place where the battle raged, and having displayed their ban- companions, without counting those of the town, whom they forced ners, drew up their men in the street, without passing through the to fight and assist them, otherwise it would have ended badly. The gate to the suburbs; for they gave them up as lost, which in truth chiefs of the besiegers ordered engines of war to be brought from they were. They, by this timely succor, inspired courage into the Amiens and Abbeville, and to be pointed against St. Valery, which men of Amiens, who lighted the streets with a number of torches, cast large stones, and much harassed the inhabitants, who had and with pitched ropes in iron lanterns. The lord John de Piquigny, cannon and springalls,? with which they annoyed the army. and the Navarrois, on hearing that these lords and their squadrons While this siege was carrying on, and the king of Navarre making were arrived, and drawn up in the city, thought that, if they remained, war in all parts of France, the captal of Buch, cousin to the king of they ran a risk of losing more than they could gain: lord John, there- Navare, arrived at Cherbourg, according to his entreaties, being fore, collected his people together, and sounded a retreat, which he retarined by him, with two hundred lances in his pay. made as handsomely as he could, but not before he had destroyed The captal, on his arrival in Normandy, took the field, and, passing and burnt the suburbs. There were at least three hundredt houses, through the lands of the king of Navarre, came to Mantes, where he and a number of handsome hotels, with parish churches, burnt; for found the lord Philip de Navarre, with whom he tarried some days. nothing was spared. Thus did the Navarrois carry off with them He then set out secretly with all his companions, and made such great wealth, which they had found in the large suburbs of Amiens, expedition in one night, through the good country of Vexin and and returned with many prisoners to their different garrisons. Beauvoisis,t that he arrived at Clermont ihi Beauvoisis, which is a The constable and the earl of St. Pol, upon the retreat of the large town, though not inclosed, with a handsome castle, having Navarrois, separated their troops, and sent them to all the different one large tower walled all round. Immediately after having sum. gates of the city, with orders, under pain of death, to suffer no one moned it, he took it by escalade, though the tower had hitherto been to quit the town. On the morrow morning, these two lords, and deemed impregnable. Nevertheless he succeeded by means of rope. some of the citizens of Amiens, who were acquainted with the man- ladders, and by using arrow-heads to attach them to thle walls. The ner in which the town had of late been governed, and who suspected first person who entered was sir Bernard de la Salle, climbing like some of the citizens of both sexes of this treason, went to the houses a cat. He, in his time, had taken many other places by similar of those they were in search of, and arrested seven, who were soon means. The captal (1e Buch exerted himself so much that he conafter beheaded in the public market-place. The abbot of Gars was quered Clermont, which he and his companions kept possession of among the number, who had been an accomplice to this treason, and for a long time. He frcnm that post harassed the countries of Vexin even lodged some of the Navarrois in his house. Shortly after, six and Beauvoisis, with the assistance of the Navarrois, who were in of the principal inhabitants of Laon were arrested and executed, for garrison in the neighboring fortresses, such as Creil, la Herielle, and a similar crime: and it would have gone hard with the bishop of Mauconseil. All the flat countries were at their disposal, as there that place if he had been caught, for he was accused of being con. were none to oppose them. cerned, which afterwards he could not deny: but he quitted the In such manner was the whole kingdom of France kept in a state town secretly, as he had good friends, who gave him notice of what of warfare, under the name of the king of Navarre. Many strong was likely to happen, and went immediately to the king of Navarre, castles were taken in Brie, Champagne, and Valois, in the bishopnic at Melun-sur.Seine, who most courteously received him. Such of Noyon, Soissons, Senlis, and Laon, of which divers knights and adventures as these happened often in France: on which account, the barons and knights, as well as the cities and principal towns, *Espringatles, orespritgolds, orspringolds, were machines whence canme shot, stonea were always upon their guard. To speak truly, the king of Na- or bolts. —Satas'sa's Jictiotma'r?. varre had malny frietds intermixed in every part of France; and, if "And eke within the castii were Springoldis, geontcs, bowes, and archers." CleAuc:sa's ltoartna de la Rose, verses 5. 49,k * O,. If not Beaulieu, which is a town in Picardy in the diocese and election of Noyon. t A small province in the isle of France. Beauvais is the capital ieord Berner. and D. Sauvage say three tjousu;and. —ED.; Fifteen leagues from Paris. 11s CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. squires from foreign parts were made governors. In that part of the Pierrepont,* and entreat the canon de Robesart to come to our assist. country, near Pont-sur-Seine, toward Provins,t Troyes,t Auxerre,~ ance." The page answered, " Suppose I should meet with him, and Tonnerre,[l they were so overrun with soldiers that no one dared how will it be possible for him to arrive in time, for it is five leagues to venture out of the strong cities and well-fortified towns. Sir distant from hence?" The knight said, "Do thy duty." The page Peter Audley resided in the castle of Beaufort, between Chalons and immediately set off, and left his master fiercely attacked by these Troycs, which was part of the duke of Lancaster's inheritance. Sir plunderers of Vely and Roucy. The lord de Pinon and his company Eustace d'Ambreticourt, a Hainaulter, resided sometimes at Pont- defended themselves with great valor. He kept possession of the sam-Seine, sometimes at the castle of Nogent, with about five hun- advantageous position in the ditch, without any loss, from ten o'clock dred combatants, who pillaged all the country round about. In in the morning until the afternoon. another part of Champagne, lived a squire from Germany called I will now return to the page, who never broke gallop until he Albret. These three captains kept possession of Champagne and came to Pierrepont in the Laonnois. He delivered his message to the country on the Marne, and upward of sixty castles and fortified the canon de Robesart, wvho replied that hlie would do his duty, and houses. At any time they pleased, they could bring into the field hasten to the place where the lord de Pinon was engaged, as he was more than two thousand combatants. perfectly acquainted with the spot. He ordered his trumpet to sound, That whole district was under their subjection: they ransomed and his companions, who might be about six score, to mount their or robbed every one. They had pillaged and burnt the good towns horses. At the same time, he sent off one of his servants to Laon, of Ay, Epernay,~ and Vertus,** and all the chief towns on the Marne, which was not far distant, to inform a captain who was stationed as far as the Chateau-Thierrytt, with those that were in the neighbor- there what was going forward. He would not wait for the arrival hood of Rheims.-i They had also taken the good town and castle of this reinforceiment, but set off directly, full gallop, which he con. of Ronay,~~ and the strong castle of Hanslil[ in Champagne, ascending tinned until he cmie to the lord de Pinon and his company, whom the river as far as St. Antoine in Pertois.~~' Further advanced on he found so hard pressed by the Navarrois, that they could not have the borders of Burgundy and Pertois, Thibat de Chaufour and John held out amuch lo.nger. The canon imnmediately placed his lance in de Chaufour had taken up their quarters in the name of the king of its rest, and rushed upon the Navanrois with such force, that he Navarre. They had got possession of a strong castle called Mont struck down three the first onset. His people being fresh and in Sangon,* * in the diocese of Langres; inwhich they had a garrison spirits, drove down the Navarrois!, who were quite fatigued with of four hundred men, who scoured the country as far as the bishopric having comnbated the whole day. The canon de Robesart gave such of Verdun and the country of Soissons. deadly blows with his battle-axe, that none co uld stand before him. Between Laon and Rheims were other pillagers, whose principal T'ihese plunderers were totally routed: more than one hundred and garrison was at Vely, in which were six hundred men. Rabigeois fifty were left dead on the field of battle; and if any attempted to de Dury, an Englishman, was the governor of it. He retained all save themselves they were met by the detachment from Laon, who sorts of persons, who wished to serve under him; and, as he paid made such a slaughter, that, of the three hundred they amounted to well and punctually, he was duly obeyed. He had with him Robert at first, fifteen only escaped; the rest were either slain or made Scott, as companion in his gains and losses, who, during the Christ- prisoners. nmas holidays, won and plundered the strong castle and town of Roucy,tti in which he established a garrison that was a great grievance to the neighborhood. He ransomed the earl, his lady, and CHAP ER CX III. daugliter, for the sum of twelve thousand gold florins aes mouton, and TtE NAVARROIS SURRENDER ST. VALERY TO THE FRENCH, WnO HAD BE kept possession of the town and castle all that winter and ensuing SIEoED IT A LONG TIME. summer of 1359. As soon as the earl of Roucy had paid his ransom, I HAVE before related, that the lords of Picardy, Artois, Ponthieu he went to reside in Laon, and in divers other places. During this and the Boulonnois, were a considerable time before St. Valery; that period, there was not any tilling of the ground, so that it caused a they had made many grand attacks upon it by machines and other great scarcity in a short time. instruments. Among other events, it ehanaced thait the lord de 3acienr from Picardy, having got into a boat to reconnoitre more particularly the castle, was strucik with a bolt fro an espringail, of which he died CII A P T E R CXCII.'The garrison had such quantities of artillery, that eveiy attack upon them. was attended with great danger. This siege, therefore, lasted TRE CANON DE ROBESART DEFEATS THE NAVARROIS IN THE LAONNOIS, h td ~NEAR TO O~REIL. ~from the beginniing of August uiitii the following Lent. The lords NEAR TO CREIL. then declared they would starve them to a surrender, since they could ArouT this time, as I have been informed, the canon de Robesart not tmke it by assault. They therefore remained a lon time inactive, perfolrmed a very gallant action. It fell out, that as the lord of Pinon, but tool great care to guaid all the passes, so that nothing could a knight-banneret of Vermandois, was riding from one strong place enter the town by se o land 1 enter the town by sea or land. to another, accompanied by about sixty men-at-arms, the garnsoms Their provisions soon began to lessen, for th.ey could not verture of VelyHt{ and Roucy, to the number of three hundred, but without abroad to foe: on te other hand, they w no apparane of ty their captains, were also abroad to see what they could capture. As sucords coming to them. They therefore deterined in comncil to succors coming to them. They therefore determined in council to they advanced toward Creil, they perceived the lord of Pinon march- treat with the constable of Frince, the earl of St. Pol and tile other ing in good order, in the plain near that town, with his pennon dis- barons of the army, to surrender the fortress upon condition that their played. They immediately saw they were French: the lord of lives and frtunes should e sared, and that they mht be allowed Pinon also knew they were his enemies, and that he had no way to to o wherever they pleased. This was gran ised them; buthey wer escape from them. However, he and his little troop turning to the to leave the place unarmed. Some diwficulties also attended te coma. ri5ght and skirting Creil, for the Navarrois had cut off his retreat the tlevtepacunrd.Smdifctesloatnedh om right nd sirting Crei, for the Navarrois hd cut off his retreat th pliance with their proposals, for the earl of St. Pol insisted on their way he had come, stuck spurs into their horses to save themselves, surremdering unconditionally. At this time, the lord Philip de Na. if possible, by flight; but the Navarrois pursued them, crying out, varre was advanced toward St. Valery, to raise the siege, which he " St. Georgre, Navarre!" and, being better mounted, would have would have done, if the garrison had not been in such haste to surcome up with them in less than half a league. come up with them in less than half a leagiue. render. Hle and his army were very angry at the event; but they It chanced that the lord de Pinon, in his flight, met with a large could not now by any mens prevent g C, ~~~~could not now by any means prevent it. and deep ditch, inclosed on one side by strong hedges, and having only one entrance, which was so narrow horses could not pass through. As soon as he was come near, he noticed the advantage that might be made of it, and said, " Dismount, dismount: it is much better to CHPTER CXC wait here the chance of war, and defend ourselves, than to be slain THE LORD rHILir Dr NAVARRE ASSEMB~LES THREE THOUSAND tEN TO or made prisoners in our flight." Upon which, all his people dis- RAISE THIE SIEGE OF ST. VALERY. mounted; as did the Navarrois on their arrival. In the troop of the TUF lords of France were still drawn tp in thi plain; and, though lord de Pinon, there was a knight,{~~ who, calling his page, said, no one had left the army, yet they wereabout departing; their tents, "Mount my courser, and spare him not, but gallop to the garrison of pvilions and baglftge were ptcking utp; when nepns was brought _________________________________________________pavilions and baggage wvere packing up; when news was broughi them that the Navarrois were upon their march, and not more than A town in Champagne, diocese ofSeas, twenty-eight leagues from Paris. threeleagues off. It was the lord Philip of Nivarre who governed' An ancient city ofBrie; diocese of Sens, twenty-two leagues firom Paris. A large city of Champagne, thirty-eight leagues aid a halffromParis. all the territories of the king his brother; that is to say, the county, ~ An ancient city of Burgundy, capital of the Auxerrois, forty-oneleagues and aof Evreux; and all the different parties that were making war on halffrom Paris. France obeyed his orders. He had been informed by sir John de rI A town in Champagne, diocese of Langres, forty-eight leagues and a half fron Piquigny, that the garrison of St. Valery was on the point of surP~aris' ~ An ancient city ofChampagne, diocese of Rheims, thirty-three leagues from Paris. rendering. The lord Philip was encouraged to attempt raising the ** A town in Chaonpacgne. niear Epernay. siege: and for this purpose he had assenabled secretly, at Mantes ft A city in Brie, diocese of Soissons, twenty-one leagues and a half from Paris. and Meulan, three thousand men, one with the other. The young:t An ancient city and archbisliopric in Chamnpagne, thirty-eight leages from Paris. earl of Harcourt, the lord do Gratville, sir Robert Knolles, amd sir ~~ A village in Chianpagne, diocese and election of Troyes. lii A village in Champagne, election of St. IMenehould. John de Piquigny, were there, with many other knights and squires, ~ql Pertois, a tentile country of Cliampagne. who had fbllowed him to within three leagues of St. Valery when it *** Q. if not Mansaiujon? which is ini the diocese of Langrem. ik A town i not P~ic~sardy, n?hioe ise and electionee of Enon.r. Iwas surrendered. He was assured of the truth of it, by the arrival UlT A town in Picartdy. diocese and election of Laon. I-..... sit Vely, a chiattellany in Picardy, diocese of Soissons. tj~ A squire according to D. Sauvage and Lord Berners. —ED. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 119 of the lord de Bonnemare and sir John Segar, who met him on his in their neighborhood; but recollecting that the drawbridge was up, march. they were somewhat reassured, as that would prevent them from When the French, who had taken possession of St. Valery, heard doing any mischief. They asked, who they were that were conic'of the approach of the Navarrois, the constable, the earl of St. Pol, there at such an unusual hour: the constable answered, "We are the lord de Chatillon, the lord de Poix, the lord de Beausault, the such and such persons, and wish to pass through this town in pursuit lord de Helly, the lord de Crestkes, lord Odoart de Renty, lord of the Navarrois, who have stolen away firom Thorigny, and are Baudoyn d'Ennekin, and some other barons and knights who were flying from us: we command you therefore, in the king's name, in. present, retired into the castle, to a council; when it was resolved stantly to open the gates." The guard replied, that the keys were they should advance to combat their enemies. The constable issued with the magistrates in the town. Two of the guard went to those his orders for every one to fall into his rank, and prepare for combat; that bad the keeping of the keys, who told them they would not upon which they all marched forward in good order, as if they were consent to open the gates till they had consulted the inhabitants. immediately to fight with the lord Philip. The Navarrois, learning By this means, so much time was lost that it was after sunrise, before that the French were marching toward them in battle-array, to the they had considered what answer to give: they then ascended ovex amount of thirty thousand men, did not think it advisable to wait the gateway, and, putting their heads out of the windows, thus adfor them, but crossed the river Somme as speedily as possible, and dressed the constable and the earl of St. Pol, who were waiting: took post in the castle of Long in Ponthieu, with their horses, bag- "Dear lords, have the goodness to take compassion and excuse us gage, and whatever else they had, which straightened them much this time; but it is the determination of the commonalty of the town, for room. They had scarcely entered it, when the French, who that only five or six of you may enter, out of the respect we bear you: were in pursuit of them, came before it, about the hour of vespers. the others must go any other way they choose." The lords were Their numbers were continually increasing; for the common soldiers so much enraged at this, that many high words and abusive language from the cities and chief towns could not march so fast as the men- ensued; nevertheless, those of St. Quentin would not open their at-arms. The lords held a council, and determined to take up their gates. These lords, therefore, gave up all thoughts of following quarters that night before the castle, to wait for more troops, which further the Navarrois, as it would have been in vain. By the advice were dropping in one after another, and on the morrow to make a of the constable, the French separated themselves, and the earl of general assault upon it. This was done. But the Navarrois within St. Pol went to his castle of Bohain, in such a rage that no one the castle, being short of provisions, as soon as it was midnight sal- dared to speak to him. lied out at a back way, without any noise, and took the road for the Vermandois. They were more than two leagues off before the French knew of CHA T R CX V. their departure: they immediately armed themselves, and set out after them, following the tracks of their horses. Thus did both par- sIR PETEt AUDLEY LEADS A PARTY OF NAVARROIS, IN THE NIGHT, TO TAil; ties push forward, the Navarrois first, and the French behind them, CHALONS. until the Navarrois came to the little village of Thorigny, which is situated on an eminence whence there is a good view of all the THUS did this grand expedition end; the French separating, went country round about. It is in the Vermandois, between the St. one way, and the Navarrois another: the last came that day toVely, Queutin and Peronne. There the Navarrois halted, to refresh them- where they crossed the river Oise at a ford: when, finding they were selves and horses, and to fight their enemies, if they were forced to Out of all danger, they halted and refreshed themselves. As soon as it. Thby had formed themselves in a circle on the summit of the they thought proper, they returned into Normandy, and journeyed eminence, so that they might profit firom the situation of the place. from fortress to fortress in perfect security, as they were masters of They had not remained long before they saw the whole country all the rivers and fiat country. Having again entered the district o below them covered over, and full of Frenchmen, who seemed to belo hem covered over, and full of Frenchen, who seemed to Coutantin, they carried on the ir excursions, as before, through Nor. amount to upward of thirty thousand. When the Navarrois perceived mndy. During this time, the ing of avarre remained at Melun they had the appearance of coming to attack them, they issued out sur-Seine, with a large body of men-at-arms. of the town, and drew up their army in three battalions: the first of It happened that while Sir Peter Audley was governor of Beaufort, them was given to sir Robert Knolles, the second to sir Lewis de which is situated between Troyes and Chalons, he imagined, that if Navarre, and the third to the earl of Harcourt. Neither of these he could cross the Mane above the town of Chlons, and advance battalions consisted of more than seven hundred fighting men. They by the side of the monastery of St. Peter, he might easily take the cut their lances to five feet in length, and ordered their servants to town. To carry this scheme into effect, he waited until the river carry their spurs to the slope of the hill, where they were to fix them Marne was low, when he secretly assembled his companions from with the rowels uppermost; so that their enemies might not ascend five or six strong castles he was master of in that neighborhood. His the hill at their ease. The lord Philip de Navarre knighted the army consisted of about four hundred combatants. They set out young earl of Harcourt, why displayed his banner, as did also the from Beaufort at midnight. He led them to a ford of the river Marne, young lord de Granville. which he intended to cross, for he had people of the country as The French halted in sight of the Navarrois, and dismounted, for guides. On coming thither, he made them all to dismount, and give many were desirous to give them immediate combat, while others their horses to their servants, when he marched them through the thir wihorasverylw All thavincrosservnt, whnhe laced them throwlyth were against it, saying, "Our people are fatigued; besides, we have rivr which was very low. All having crossed, he led them slowly such numbers in the rear, that it is proper we wait for thn, and towatnt the monastery of St. Peter. There were many guards and take up our quarters where we are for the remainder of the day. It watchmen scattered over the town of Chlons, and in the pubic will be night soon; and we can fight them to-morrow in better order." squares: those who were nearest to the monastery of St. Peter, In this situation, the French encamped themselves, placing all wwhich is situated above the town, heard very distinctly the noise of their baggage-wagons round them, of which they had great numbers. the Navarrois: for as they were advancing, their arms, by touching When the Navarrois found that there was no intention of attacking ech other, made a noise and sounded. Many who heard this won. them, they retired toward evening into their village of Thorigny, tered what it could be: for all at once, sir Peter having halted, the making great fires and smoke, to let them understand they meant to noise ceased, and, when he continued his narch, the same sounds remain there that night: but as soon as it was dark, they got their were again heard by the sentinels posted in St. Peter's street, as the horses ready, having previously made every other preparation, and wind came from the opposite quarter; and some among them said, set off in silence. The night was dark and foggy; and they marched "It must be those English and Navarrois thieves that are advancing,. down to the river Somme, which they crossed at a ford, near a small to take us by escalade: let us immediately sound the alarm, and village not far distant from Bethencourt;t thence they took the road awaken our fellow.citizens." Some of them went to the monastery,. to the wood of Bohain,t which they skirted: they marched that night to see what it might be. They could not, however, make such speed upward of seven leagues, which caused many of the worst mounted but that sir Peter and his army were in the court-yard; for the walls to remain behind, who were made prisoners by the inhabitants of in that part were not four feet high; and they immediately rushed Bohain. The peasants also of the country slew many who were un- through th gate of the monastery into the street, which was large able to keep up with their masters, and all who had lost their road. and wide. The citizens were exceedingly alarmed, because there The French were informed of the departure of the Navarrois a were cries from all parts of, "Treason, treason! To arms, to arms!"' [ittle before daybreak; when they resolved to cross the Somme by They armed themselves in haste, and, collecting in a body to be the. the bridge at St. Quentin,{ and to push forward toward Liannes,[[ stronger, advanced to meet their enemies, who overthrew and killeid. and by this means to come up with them. Every one, therefore, the foremost of them. mounted his horse as quickly as possible, and galloped on for the It happened, very unfortunately for Ch'lons, that Peter de Chloas.. fastest, takring the road for St. Quentin, where they arrived as day who had been governor of the city upward of a year, with a hundred; appeared, for it was but two short leagues distant. The constable lances under his command, had lately left it, on account of not being: and the earl of St. Pol were among the first. When the guards of able to get paid according to their wishes.. The commonalty of the the town who were stationed over the first gate heard the bustle of city were numerous, and set themselves in earnest to make a good. their arrival, they began to be alarmed, as they knew the enemy was defence. It was high time; but they suffered much, and the Navar-. rois conquered all the lower town, as far' as the bridges over the', * Long et le Castlelet —a villa.e of Picardy, near Abbeville. Marne. Beyond the bridges, the citizens collected themselves, and; TA village is Pitaidy, electien eonf Peronne. defended the first bridge, which was of greatservice to them. The $ Bohain —a small town in Picardy. election of Guise, near St. Quenti. skirmish was there very sharp: the Navarrois attacked and fough. ~ A strong city in Picardy, diocese of Noyon, generality of Amieaw. Some of the Englisharchers advanced, and, passing over ths: U Liannes, a village in Picardy, generality of Aan~ens. well. 120 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. supports of the bridge, shot so well, and so continually, that none St. Pol, the lord Arnold d'Andreghen, marshal of France, the lord from Chalons dared to come within reach of tneir arrows. Arnold de Coucy, the bishop of Troyes, the Lord Broquart de Fenes This engagement lasted until midday. It was said by some, that trages, Peter du Bar and Philip des Armoyes, with others, amounting Chalons must have been taken, if sir Odes de Grancy had not learnt, in the whole to three thousand lances. They besieged Melun all as it were by inspiration, this excursion of the Navarrois. In order round, and had brought from Paris a number of springals and other to defeat it, he had entreated the assistance of many knights and engines, which,day and night, kept continually throwing stone:, into squires; for he knew that there was not one gentleman in ChIons. the fortress, against which also many assaults were made. He had come therefore, day and night, attended by sir Philip de Jan- The Navarrois within the town began to be alarmed, more par. court, the lord Anceau de Beaupr6, the lord John de Guermillon, ticularly those queens, who would cheerfully have seen this siege and many others, to the amount of sixty lances. As soon as they raised at any rate: but the governors of the town, lord John Pippes were come to Chalons, they advanced toward the bridge, which the and lord John Carbinaux*, desired the ladies not to be so much inhabitants were defending against the Navarrois, who were exerting frightened, for in a few days this siege would be raised, as they had themselves to the utmost to gain it. The lord de Grancy displayed learnt from the king of Navarre, who was at that time at Vernont. his banner, and fell upon the Navarrois with a hearty good will. The The lord Philip de Navarre also was assembling a body of men at arrival of the lord de Grancy mightily rejoiced the people of Chalons; Mantes and Meulan, to come to their assistance; and at those places and well it might, for without him and his company they would have all the various garrisons in the Navarre' interest were collecting to. been hard driven. When sir Peter Audley and his friends saw these gether. On the other hand, the duke of Normandy, who knew the Burgundians, they retreated in good order the way they had come, Navarrois intended to attempt raising the siege, retained soldiers and found their servants with their horses on the banks of the Marne. wherever he could get them, and sent them to Melun. But good They mounted them, and, crossing the river without molestation, re- people interposed between the duke and the king; for at that time turned toward Beaufort, having by a trifle missed their aim. The the cardinals de Perigord and de St. Vitalis were in France, who inhabitants of Chalons were much pleased at their departure, and exerted themselves so emfficaciously, that a day was appointed for gave thanks to God for it. After expressing their obligations to the treating of a peace between them at Vernon. The duke of Norlord de Grancy for the kindness he had done them, they presented mantdy and his council came thither; as did the king of Navarre, him with five hundred livres for himself and his people. They en- accompanied by the lord Philip his brother; when a peace was made. ~ treated the lord John de Besars, who was present and a near neighbor, The king of Navarre swore, that from henceforward he would be a to remain, to advise and assist them. He consented to their request, loyal Frenchman. There were included in this peace as many as for the handsome salary they allowed him, and set about fortifying three hundred knights and squires, who were pardoned by the duke: the city in those places which were the weakest. some others, however, were excepted, whose evil deeds he refused to forgive. The lord Philip of Navarre would not accept of the peace. He told the king his brother, he was bewitched for so doing, and was CH A P T ER C X C V I. acting very ill toward the king of England, who was his ally, and ITHE EARL DE ROUCY TAKEN A SECOND TIME. who had always faithfully assisted him. In despite of his brother the king of Navarre, the lord Philip, with three others, set off, and ABOUTh this period, the two garrisons of Vey and Rhoucyh united rode as fast as they could to St. Sauveur-le-Vicomte, where was an together, and took by assault the town of Sissonneo, which they gar. English garrison. The lord Thomas Dagwoxth commanded there, -English garrison. The lord Thomas Dagwo~rth commanded there, risoned with all sorts of people: the captain of it was Hannequin in the iame of the king of England, who received the lord Philip, Fran.ois,t a lad from Cologne on the Rhine. He was so cruel in all and told him ho had acquitted himself loyally toward the king his his excursions, that he showed neither pity nor mercy to any one ld. who fell in his way. He burnt all the country, slaying men, women d and children, whom he could not ransom according to his will. The earl of Roucy, who had still at heart the loss of his town and castle, which these robbers had wrested from him, entreated the assistance C H A P T E R C C C V I I I. of those knights and squires who were his neighbors. He collected SIR BROQUART D FENESTRAGES, WITH ANY FRENCH, DRAW UP IN BAT upward of a hundred lances and forty horsemen, whom he conducted TLE ARRAY, AGAINST SIR EUSTACE D'AMBRETICOURT AND TIE ENGLIS9 from the city of Laon. Among them were the earl de Porcien, lord IN CHAMPAGNE. Robert de Canency, the lord de Montegny in Ostrevant, and others. They advanced toward Sissonne, and meeting with that garrison, BY the articles of this peace, many towns and castles in Normandy, who were burning a village, fell upon them merrily. This Hanne- which had been in dispute, were given up to king Charles of Na. quin and his followers immediately dismounted, and placed their varre, particularly Mantes and Meulan. Peace was also mado archers in the front. The engagement was very sharp; but those between the young earl of'Harcourt and the duke of Normandy. firom Laon retreated toward their city without having done much. The lord Lewis de Harcourt, uncle.to the earl, who was of the The other Frenchmen remained, and fought manfully for a long tile. council and household of the duke, interested himself much in its However, the fortune of the day was against them: the earl de Rouey success; and the duke gave to the earl in marriage the daughter of was severely wounded, and made prisoner: the lord Gerald de Ca- the duke of Bourbon, sister to the duchess of Normandy. The nency, the lord de Montegny and many other men-at-arms, were siege of Melun-sur.-Seine was raised. The town remained to the likewise captured. Thus was the earl of'Roucy made prisoner twice French. But, in spite of this peace, the kingdom of France was in the space of one year. torn in pieces by war as before; for the truce between the two king. The lord Eustace d'Ambreticonrt resided at this time in Cham. donms of France and England had lately expired; so that those cappagne, with seven hundred fighting men under his command; by tains who had carried on the war for the king of Navarre, in the whose means he acquired great wealth, from the ransoms of towns, provinces of Burgundy, Normandy, Champagne, Picardy, Brie, and castles, vineyards and private houses, as well as by granting pass- Beauce, still continued it in a powerful and shameful manner, in the ports. He was master of at least twelve fortresses, and much in name of the king of England. They never passed any fortress love with the lady Isabella de Juliers,; daughter of the earl of Juliers, without attacking it, notwithstanding the peace; for these soldiers whom hlie afterwards married. The lady was greatly attached to sir had learnt to pillage or ransom the inhabitants of the country, and Eustace, for his gallant deeds of arms, which had been related to to make excursions sometimes in bodies of two thousand, many of her; and she sent him coursers, haclkneys, and letters full of love, whom had from ten to twelve horses, who, if they had not kept up which so much emboldened sir Eustace, and spurred him to perform this war, would perhaps have gone on foot. such feats of chivalry and of arms, that all those under him made After the siege of Melun had been raised, the duke of Normandy fortunes. besought the lord Broquart de Fenestrages, who was from Lorraine, and who had in his pay five hundred men, to assist him in tdriving the English out of the province of Champagne, where they had C H A P T E R C X C V II. established themselves, and were harassing the country day and THREE QUEENS, WITH THE NAVARROIS, ARE BESIEGED IN MELUN. night. Sir Broquart consented, on condition of receiving a large AFTER the surrender of St. Valery, as you have heard related, the sim of florins for himself and for his people. Upon this, the bishop duke of Normany collected upward of three thousand lances, set of Troyes, the count de Vaudemont, the count de Jouy, the lord,duke of Normandy collected upward of three thousand lances, set Jlod John de Ch'Mons, and the lord Broquart de Fenestrages, assembled out from Paris, and laid siege to Melun-sur-Seine, of which the Na- Chlons, nd te lord oquart d Fenestages, seled'varro~~,!iskppoeson. At tha-t time, three queens resided therein:' varrois kept posses!~on At three queens resided tla: mon-at-irms in the provinces of Champagne and Burgundy: they Jane, aunt to the ig of Navarre and widow of Charles king of amounted to full two hundred lances, and fifteen hundred footmer.Jane, aunt to the kring of Navarre and widowv of Charles king of who advanced and posted themselves before the strong castle France; Blanche, widow of king Philip of France and sister to the as ~king of Navarre: the third was the queen of Navarre, sister to the n Champagne, which the English had takis and kept puss -fluke of Normandy. The duke of Normandy sent his forces thither, sion of a year and a half. They carried it by assault at the thi ~ but did not accompany them ii person: they were under the com. attack; and there were upward of fourscore English slain, for non annd of the lord Morel do Fiennos, constable of France, the earl do were spared. The French then retreated to the city of Troyes; and, _______________________________________ when they had refreshed themselves, they sallied forth with twelve * Towns in Picardy, diocese of Laon. + Mentioned in chapter 188. as one of the garrison of Mauconseil. —ED. * Lord James Pipe-sir Hugh Calvery —English natives.-BARNES. S "Niece to the queen of Enogland, and widow of the earl of Kent." —Jhlarginsl note,. Vernon-sur-Seine-a town in Normandy, diocese of Evreux.;.~ SAUVAmoI. t Hans-a village hi Champagne, in the election of St. Menehould CHRONICLES:OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 121 xundred lances,- and nine hundred footmen, taking the road to never were able to rally: the pennon of sir Eustace, which was their Nogent-sur-Seine.t standard, was taken and torn to pieces. When the English were Sir Eustace d'Ambreticourt, who was informed of this expedition, thrown into confusion, many were beaten down, and the French collected those garrisons under his command, to the amount of four made prisoners at their choice. Sir Eustace fell into the hands of a hundred lances and two hundred archers, with whom he set out knight who served under the count de Vudemont, whose niame was from Pont.sur-Seine.t He was completely armed, except his hel- sir Henry de Quenillart, to whom he surrendered himself, and who met, and was mounted on a hackney which had been given to him, had great difficulty to save his life; for the common people of but he had a very fine war horse led by one. of his people. Hle had Troyes wanted to put him to death for the gallant deeds of arms he not rode far before he heard of the French from his scouts, who had performed in Champagne. Lord John de Paris and lord Martin brought intelligence that they had seen his enemies. IHad sir Eus- of Spain were also made prisoners, as well as many other knights tace known that they were in such numbers, he would have asked and esquires. Those that were able to escape fled to the garrison assistance from the lord Peter Audley and lord d'Albret, who could of Nogent; but very few were so fortunate, as almost all were slain easily have sent to his aid four hundred combatants. Sir Eustace or taken. having drawn up his men beyond Nogent, placed himself on a small Sir Courageous de Manny* was left for dead on the field ot hillock, in the midst of a vineyard, his archers in front. As soon as battle, and by this means forgotten: but after the defeat, and when the French arrived, they formed themselves into three battalions: all the French were retired, he, who had been grievously wounded, the first under the command of the bishop of Troyes and sir Bro- and more than half killed, raised his head a little, and saw nothing quart; the second under the lord.Tohn de Chilons and the count de but dead bodies around him. Hle then got up as well as he could, Jouy; the third under the count de Janville.~ and seating himself, looked about to see if he were far from Nogent, Sir Eustace, who was in the midst of his people, said to them which had an English garrison; and, by crawling on his hands and' Gentlemen, let us fight courageously, and the day will be ours: knees, in about an hour's time he came to the foot of the tower of we then shall be masters of all Champagne, which was formerly an Nogent. He made signs to the garrison, that he was of their party. earldom. Perhaps I may in time do such essential services to the Upon which, they carried himn into the fortress; and, by dressing king of England, whom I hold as the rightful king of France, that and sewing up his wounds with much care, he was completely he may confer this earldom on me." He then called to him some cured. This engagement took place in the year 1359, the vigil of young squires, such as the courageous Manny, his cousin John of the feast of St. John the Baptist. Paris, Martin of Spain and others, whom he knighted. Having dismounted his mien, he caused their lances to be shortened to the length of five feet, and placed his pennon before him, which had CH A P T ER CC. his arms, ermine, three humets in pale guies. TIHE PILLAGERS WHO HAD KEPT FOSSESSION OF DIFFERENT FORTRESSES IN FRANCE BEGIN WONDERFULLY TO FALL OFF. AFTER the defeat of Nogent-sur-Seine, which I have just related. C H- A P T E rl C x Cr I xs. the country being cleared of the enemy, the French barons and'ruE BATTLE OF NOGENT-SUR-SEIiNE, BETWEEN SIR BROQUART DE FENES- men-at-arms returned to Troyes, carrying with them their booty; TRAGES AND THE FRENCH, AND SIR EUSTACE D'ABIBRETICOURT AND TIIE but the prisoners they sent by different roads to several of the French ENCOLISn. garrisons, because the common people at Troyes were desirous of WHEN sir Broquart de Fenestrages, who was a bold and coura- putting them to reath. When those who had remained at Pont-surgeous knight, saw that sir Eustace d'Ambreticourt and his battalion Seine heard that sir Eustace, their captain, was mad.e prisoner; that were not inclined to quit their position, he said, "Let us march to all his army were slain or taken; they packed up their baggage and them, for we must fight, whatever be the consequences." Upon set out as quickly as possible, for they were but a very few in number. which, he advanced with his battalion. Sir Eustace received the Those also who were at Torcis,t Espoye4 Ausy, Mery,11 auG attack of this battalion in such a manner, that he broke it and threw Pleusy,9~ and in all the forts that had been under the command of sir it into confusion. At the first shock he unhorsed upward of forty,ll Eustace, did the same, and left them void, for fear of the bishop of and would have completely routed themni, if the second battalion of'I'royes and sir Broquart de Fenestrages, who were great warriors;' the French had not imminiedia1tely moved forward to their assistance, they united themselves with other garrisons at a distance. Sir who, having rallied them, collected all the stragglers together. Upon Peter Audiley did not, for this check, quit Beaufort;*' nor sir John this, the English archers bega-n to use their bows, and so well, that Segar, Nogent; nor the lord Aibret, Gid-sur-Aube.tt none dared to come within the reach of their arrows. The third About this time, the lord John of Piquigny died in an extmorbattalion of the French now advanced on their flank, to support the dinary manner at his castle of la Herielle, within three leagues of other two; and the engagement was very sharp and bloody, but the Amiens: it was reported that he was strangled by his chamberlain; French were three to one. Sir Eustace struck to the ground four and that sir Luke de Bekusy, wiho was of his council, died miuch in of the most vigorous of his enemies, with the spear he had in his the same minanner. Near this period, as some of the solnli'rs belong. hand; which was no sooner perceived by sir Broquart de Fenestra- ing to sir Peter Audley were riding thirough the country, they came ges, than hlie flung his lance over the heads of all those that were to ai good large village of the name of Ronay,tt which they plunbetween him and sir Eustace, and, hitting him on the visor of his dered; insomuch that, as the curate of the,place was celebrating helmet, it penetrated through and broke three of his teeth: this, high mass, an English squire entered.the church, took the chalice however, did not prevent sir Eustance firom continuing the combat. fromr the altar, in which tihe curate was preparing to consecrate the The English had the advwntage of the hill, and they kept so precious body of our Saviour JEsus CHRIST, and cast the wine upon closely together that they could not be broken. The French were the floor. Upon the curate remonstrating with him for this conduct, on horseback, the English on foot. The archers had retreated, in a he struck him so hard a blow with his gauntlet upon the hand, that battalion by themselves, to sonmewhat higher ground, and shot the blood spirted upon the altar. These pillagers then riarched onut briskly against the French; and when the French attenmpted, by into.the fields, and the squire carried with him the sacred vessels marching about, to surround themi, they kept their front to face the and the cloth. He was, however, scarcely got into the fields, when enemy. At this time, however, the French infantry, who could not his rorse began to caper, and to-play such violent tricks that no one make such haste as the men-at-arnrms, arrived. This infantry were dared to approach himi: after miany plunges, they both fell to the full nine hundred men, and, being armed with lances and large ground with their necks broken, and were immediately turned into shields,~ broke through the rine of the archers, and flung them in cinders and dust. His companions, seeing this, made a vow, that disorder; for their shields were so strong, that the arrows made nio from henceforward they would never violate the sanctity of any impression on them. They kept up the fight as long as they could; church. but, being thrown into confusion, the second battalion of the French The garrison of Mauconseil, not having any provisions, sold the men-at-arms galloped after them, and slew them all. This second place to the inhabitants of Noyon,~~ and those in its neighborhood, battalion then went to the boys who were guarding the English for about twelve thousand gold moutons,il[i with liberty to go away horses, and killed or made prisoners the greater part of them, for in safety, which they did, carrying off all that belonged to them. very few escaped. They withdrew into the fortresses of Creil, Clermont, la Herielle, During this time, the two other battalions of the French were engaged with the English; and in the end they brolke them, that they * I cannot find anything relative to this Mlonseigneur Courageux de Manny in Dugdale's Baronage. Lord Walter MiTanny seemns to have left at his death unly one daughter, married to tihe earl of Pembroke. Denys Sanuvage has on this passage the following note, in the margin: Barnes says, he was coeinI to sir Eustace and nephiew to sir Walter Manny andt wa From what follows it appears to me that each lance was, unpon both sides, only one honored always with the epnithet corsageouns. man." This is proban.bly in reference to tihe nnmbers whiich could have been furnished t A village in Chanmpagne, diocese and election of Troyes. by ord Audley and lord d'Albret, "four hundred combaanrrts," wthich F'roissart speamks $ A village in Champagne, diocese of Itheirms. of as sufficient to have insured sir Enrstace's success. Such a reirfbrcement would nave A Ausson is a town and village in Champagne —Arcy Ie Pousard, election o. been of great service, if the twelve hundred French lances coneeted only of that hum- Rhleimns. her of individuals, but would have been quite ineticient if' they hadl amounted to three II Mery-sur-Seine —a towa in Champagne, diocese of Troyes. or four times that number. The remark is, however; confinned to this particular instance ~' A towrn in Chnampagne, diocese ofTroyes. — in genera each lance was equal to three men. See Note, p. 10. —En. ** Beaufort-les-Regnnicourt, a village in Chnammpagne, election of Rheims. l Nogentsur-Seine —a town in Chammpagne, between Paris and Troyes, diocese of it Git —a village inn Champagne, election of BInr-sur-Aube. Bens.,} Rornay —n village of Chamnpague, diocese and election ofTroyes.: Pont-sr:x-Seine — a town in Champagne, diocese of Sens, election of Nogent. ~ ~ Noyon —an ancient town in Pictrrdy. Its bishop is suffragan to the bisho~ of ~ 05. if not Joinville. Rheimus. U Slxty. —Loro BERNERs. ~ Pavisses.-Los n BzaRERs. Ill Mouton —see note. p. 109. 122 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. Vely, Pierrepont, Roucy, and Sissonne, which, for a length of time, which caused great grief among all the followers of his fortunes had been held by the Navarre party; but since the conclusion of the Upon this, the English and Germans, who were united in carrying peace with the king of Navarre, they had remained with the Eng- on the war in the name of the king of England, consulted together, lish. As soon as those of Noyon were in possession of Mauconseil, and determined that they could not fix on a more proper leader than they razed it to the ground. sir Eustace d'Ambreticourt, who was then recovered from his wounds. Sir JThn Segar sold also Nogent to the bishop of Troyes, and gave They sent Faucon the herald into the county of Vaudemont, to conft it up for a large sum of florins, which he was to receive, and had it with the earl of that name, and with the lord Henry de Quenillart, ratified to him under the hand and seal of the bishop. Upon this, who had made him prisoner, touching his redemption. His liberty he went to the city of Troyes, and dismounted at the h6tel of the was granted, on condition of his paying down twenty-two thousand bishop, who said to him: "John, you will stay with me two or three French livres for his ransom. Sir Eustace thus recovered his free. days; and, while you are courteously treated, I will prepare the dom; the different garrisons in Champagne and Brie having made a money for your payment." Sir John, who had come thither on the subscription for that purpose, when each man cheerfully paid his part. bishop's word, agreed to the proposal: but the populac3 began to He obtained his hackney and war-horse that he had lost at the battle murmur, and to say, "How can our lord bishop make sich a mock of Nogent, which had been sent to him by the lady Isabella de Jul. of us, as to entertain at his house the greatest pillager of all France, iers, countess of Kent, from England, out of her affection to him. besides wanting to make us give him our money?" They then The English also surrendered at that time the castle of Conflanst in collected together, sent strong guards to each of the gates, to prevent Champagne, of which they were in possession. his escape, and marched in a body of six thousand, with arms, to When these troops, who were carrying on the war against France, slay sir John Segar in the court of the bishop's h6tel. When the had thus ransomed sir Eustace d'Ambreticourt, they elected him bishop saw this, he spoke to them, and said: "My good friends, he their chief, and all sorts of persons enlisted under his banner. He is come here under the security of my passport; and you know that made an excursion into'Rhetelois,t where no one had been before, a treaty has been made between us, with your consent: it would and took by storm the good town of Attigny~ upon the Aisne, where therefore be highly disloyal to do anything, under this assurance, that they found upward of a hundred butts of wine. They fixed upon may be hurtful to him." However, notwithstanding the endeavors this as the principal garrison, and overran from it the whole country of the bishop, they forced into the hall and the apartments, in which in the environs of Rheims: they pillaged Epernay,H Damery,~ Tou. they made so exact a search that they found sir John Segar, slew raine,** and the town of Vertus,tt where they met with very great him, and cut him into pieces. booty; they placed there another garrison, which scoured the country from the river Marne to la Fert6-Milon;t while those of Attigny overran it as far as Mesieres~~ upon the Meuse, Donchery,JjII and CHAPTER CCI. even to le Chine Pouilleux.~~ THE FRENCH REFUSE To RATIFY THE TREATY WHICH RING JOHN HAD ENTERED INTO WITH ENGLAND. I HAVE been a long time silent with regard to the king of England: CHAPTER CCIII. but until this moment there has not been any cause for speaking of SIR BROQUART DE FENESTRAGES FORCES FAYMENT FROM THE DUKE 07O him; for as long as the truce lasted, his people did not carry on the NORMANDY, REGENT OF FRANCE. war in his name. The truce having expired the first day of May, ABOUT this time it happened, that sir Broquart de Fenestrages, 1359, from that period the English and Navarre garrisons made war who had been to the aid of the duke of Normandy and the French, for him as king of France, and continued so to do daily. It happelied that soon after the peace between the duke of Normany and against the English and men of Navarre, and had much assisted them tekint sof Naferrte h ead ebeen c uedu h f bindy n their conquests, and in driving them out of their fortresses in the kring of Navarre had been concluded, as has been related, the related, the Champagne, had been very badly paid for his assistance, insomuch lord Arnold d'Andreghen, marshal of France, returned to England; that there was owing to him and his men, for theirsubsidy, thirty 1= that there was owing to him and his men, for their subsidy, thirty for he was not yet ransomed since he was made a prisoner at Poitiers. thousand livres. He sent therefore certain persons to the due at At that time also, the king of England and the prince of Walesthuadive.Hsnthrfoectinpsnsotedket Atm that time also, e the king of England and the ance of Wales Paris, who did not give them very pleasant answers, for they returned cameo to Westminster, to meet the ring of France and lord James without having been able to do anything. Upon this, sir Broquart de Bourbon; when wthese four assembled togetther in council, and sent a defiance to the duke and to all France, and took possession aged on a peace, without any arbitrator between them, upon certain nagreedon whc wer w ritte down and also a letwe ter was crindt of a handsome town called Bar-sur-Seine,*** where at that time there conditions which were written down, and also a letter was indited were nine hundred h6tels, and plundered the inhabitants; but the to be snt to Fance t the due of Nomandy.were nine hundred hcstels, and plundered the inhabitants; but the to be sent to France to the duke of Normandy. castle was so well guarded, he could not gain it. Having packed The earl of Tancarville and sir Arnold crossed the sea with these dThes, ealad at ulone, and hAr sed oto Paris here up his booty, he carried away upward of five hundred prisoners, and dispatches, landed at Boulogne, and hastened on to Paris; where they fundthedue of Norny and thekng of varro who burnt the town so completely, that nothing remained but the walls. they found the duke of Normandy and the king of Navarre, to whom His men retreated to Confians, which they had made their garrison, they delivered their letters. The duke of Normandy consulted the and afterwards committed more atrocious acts in Champagne than I - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~and afterwards committed more atrocious acts in Champagne than king of Navarre on the subject of them, who advised that the pre- ever lares, nobles, and the councils of the principal towns should be as.ev the English or men of Navarre had done. When sir Broquart sicnibled, which was accordingly ordered. It appeared to the king and his troop had thus overrun and pillaged the country, there was serobled, which was accordingly ordered. It appeared to the king a gemn aewt hm n ahmnwspi vnmr of' Navarre, the duke of Normandy and his brothers, as well as toan agreement made with them; and each man was paid even more thim council of state, that the conditions of peace were too hard: and than he demanded; so that sir Broquart retreated into Lorraine, they gave an unanimous answer to the two lords who had brought whence he had come, carrying with him all his soldiers: he left theJ gae a unaimos aswe to he wo ord whohadbroghtpeaceably the kingdom of France and country of Champagne, after them, that "tkey would much rather endure the great distress they peaceably the kingdom of France and country of Champagne, after were in at present, than suffer the kingdom of France to be dimin- having done a sufficiency of evil to each of them. ished, and that king John must remain longer in England." When the king of France was informed they had not succeeded in their mission, he said, "Ha, ha, my good son Charles, you consult with C H A P T E R C C I V. the king of Navarre, who deceives you, and would deceive forty SIR ROBERT ENOLLES MARES AN EXCURSION INTO BERRY AND AUVERGIE. such as you." The king of England, on receiving their answer, HE IS PURSUED BY THE GENTLEMEN OF THOSE COUNTRIES. said, that since it was so, before the winter was over, he would enter France with a most powerful army, and remain there until there was AT this same period, in the year 1359, sir Robert Knolles prepared an end of the war by an honorable and satisfactory peace. He began an expedition, consisting of three thousand persons, including every making more splendid preparations than he had ever done before. one. With this army, he quitted the marches of Brittany; and hay. About, this season, which was the middle of August, 1359, the ing followed the course of the Loire upward, entered the province lord John de Craon, archbishop of Rheims, the inhabitants of that of Berry, overrunning and'destroying all that part of the country. It town and its neighborhood, with many other knights and squires of was reported that his intentions were to pass through Auvergne, to the counties of Rethel and Laon, marched and laid siege to the castle pay a visit to the pope and cardinals at Avignon, and get some oftheir of Roucy: they pressed it so hard for five weeks, that the garrison florins, as the archpriest had done before. The gentlemen of Au surrendered, on condition of saving their lives and fortunes. For vergne and Limousin assembled, in large bodies, to oppose this in. this effect, they had letters, with permission to go wherever they vasion; in particular, the count de Forests, who brought with him pleased with surety, under the hands of the archbishop, the count de Porcien a-:i the count de Braine, who were there: but when they * Barnes calls him sir Henry de Quingey, but why, I know not were setting out, the common people came forth to meet them, and t Diocese and election of Chalons, near Chtlons..t A country of C'hampalgne, near Rhetel. slew the greater part, in spite of the lords, who with much difficul A country of Champagne, near Rhetel.t ty ~ A market-town in Champagne, diocese of Rheims, and near Rhetel. saved the life of their leader, Hannequin Frangois. Thus had the II Diocese of Rheims, eight leagues from Chalons. count de Roucy once more possession of his town and castle. ~ Damery-a village near Epernay. ** I can find only Touraille, a village in Champagne, election of Chaumont, maee Ligny. tt A town in Champagne, six leagues from Chilons. C H A P T E R C C I I - f; A town in Picardy, diocese of Senlis, election of Crespy. ~~ A strong city in Champagne, on the Meuse. $tIR RUtlSTACE~ D~'AMBRET'I'COURT OBTAINS HIS L;IBERTY BY A GREAT RANSOM, 1iii A town in Champagne on the Meuse, borderin g on Luxembourg. Ss~~ Chesne Pouilleux —a town in Champagne, in the election of Rhetel, near Sedan-. Soon after the recapture of the castle of Roucy, sir Peter Audley made ftmous by the retreat of the duke of Brunswick. before Dumouriez. io the y~sarl7M foil sick, and died in his bed, at the castle o~ Beaufort in Champagnoo ~c*** A town of Burgundy. on the Seine, diocese of Langres. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 123 four hundred lances: and they were very numerous when all were much this year, and provided themselves handsomely in horses and Iassembled. equipage in the best manner they could, each according to his rank, Sir Robert Knolles and his troops, who were all called Englishmen, and hastened as fast as possible, by the frontiers of Flanders, to Cacontinued their i.arch from Brittany unmolested, until they came to lais, where they remained, to wait for the king of England. It hap. the borders of Auvergne. The lords of Auvergne, with their array, pened that the king could not come thither with his army by the advanced to within a short day's journey of sir Robert. They ob- time appointed, which caused such numbers to remain at Calais, that served from a mountain, where they had posted themselves, all that there were no lodgings for them, nor stables for their horses. In adthe English were doing. On the morrow, they marched to that part; dition to this, bread, wine, hay, oats, and all sorts of provisions, were there were only two short country leagues between them; when they so scarce, that none could be had for money. halted, and took post on a mountain, and the English did the same Thus did these mercenary Germans, Bohenians, Brabanters, Flcm. on another: each army saw the fires the other was making. The ings, Hainaulters, both poor and rich, wait from the beginning of next morning, the French decamped, and advanced still nearer to August until St. Luke's day; so that many were forced to sell the meet them, for they were well acquainted with the country, and, about greater part of their jewels. If the king had arrived then, they would noon, took up their quarters on an eminence right before the English: Inot have known where to have lodged him and his people, except in tue two armies were only separated by a meadow of about twelve the castle, for the whole town was occupied. There was also some acres. The English i-mmediately drew up in order of battle, and doubt if these lords who had spent their all, would have quitted Calais, placed their archers on the declivity of the hill, in the front. The for the king or any one else, if their expenses had not been allowed French lords then drew up their army in two battalions, each of which them. The king had not sent for a fourth part of them. Some came consisted of upward of five thousand men. The count de Clermont, out of good-will to him, in hopes of grace and favor: others, with the dauphin of Auvergne, commanded the first battalion; his name was expectation of gaining firom the plunder of France. Berault. HIe was knighted on the spot, and displayed his banner, The king of England at last ordered the duke of Lancaster to Ca which was quartered with the arms of Auvergne and Clermont. lais, with four hundred men in armor and two thousand archers and There were near to his person, his uncle the lord Robert Dauphin, Welchmen. When the dulke came to Calais, he was much rejoiced the lord of Montagu, the lord of Talenqon, the lord of Rochefort, the to see so many foreign lords, who made earnest inquiries after the lord of Serignac, the lord Godfrey of Boulogne, and many young king. He excused the king for not coming, on the impossibility of squires from Limousin, Quercy, Auvergne, and Rouergue. In the getting all preparations ready for so large an army by the time hlie had second battalion, were the count de Forests, the lord John of Bou- fixed. He then told these lords, that a longer residence there would logne, the count d'Auvergne, the lord d'Archer and his sons, the lord be of no service; that as he intended making an excursion into d'Achon, the lord d'Uzes, the lord Reginald de Forests, brother to France, to see what he could find, he entreated of them to accom. the count, and great numbers of knights and squires, with a thorough pany him, offering to lend to each a sum of money, to pay their land. good will for the combat, as was apparent. On the other hand, sir lords and other expenses, as well as to supply them with as much pro. Robert Knolles and his troops showed an equally good countenance vision as their horses could carry. They accepted the duke's proposal, to engage. for they were ashamed to refuse it: and having had their horses new Thus then they remained until the evening, each in their intrench-. shodden, and packed up their baggage, they set out from Calais in a ments, without moving, except some young knights and squires, who, magnificent train, accompanying the duke toward St Omrer. They in hopes of gaining glory by feats of arms, descended into the mea- might be about two thousand men with armor, without counting the dow, with the leave of their marshals, in order to tilt with their oppo- archers or footmen. They passed by St. Omer, riding on toward nents. He who conquered his adversary carried him off prisoner. Bethune,* which they also left unmolested, and came to Mont St. Toward night, each party retired to his quarters, and'kept a good Eloy,t where there was a large and rich monastery, situated two and great guard. The lords of France held a council, and resolved leagues distant from Arras. Here they halted four days, to refresh at the hour of midnight to descend the mountain, not on the side next themselves and their horses, as they found a sufficiency for both in the English, but by that which they had ascended; when, by making the monastery. a circuit of only two leagues, they would come to the opposite side When they had robbed and plundered the country round about, of the hill where the English were posted, which part was not high they advanced until they came to the town of Braye,t which they nor difficult of ascent: they had hopes to arrive there so early, that attacked a whole day. A knight-banneret~ of England was slain the English would not be all armed. Each lord was to give these there, with many others; for the townsmen defended themselves orders to his own people: this, however, was not done so secretly valiantly, owing to a reinforcement which the count de St. Pol and but that the English were informed of it by one of thei: countrymen, the lord de Lameval, with others, to the amount of two hundred a prisoner in the French army, who made his escape, and told sir lances, had thrown into the back part of the town. When the Eng. Robert Knolles of their intentions. Sir Robert summoned a council lish perceived they could make no impression, they marched off, of tsose in whose opinion he most confided, who, considering the following the course of the river Somme, being in great distress for superiority of the French forces, thought it not advisable to wait for bread and wine, until they came to a town called Cherisy,l[ where them. Upon this, their baggage was immediately loaded: they de. they found enough of both. They crossed the river at this last place camped, and were conducted by those of the country whom they had by the bridge, which Was not destroyed, and remained there that made prisoners. night and the feast of All-Saints. That day, a messenger brought At midnight, the French were drawn up in battle array, and the news to the duke, that the king was air:,ed at Calais, with orders marched according as it had been ordered. They arrived by day- for him and his troops to join him immediately. Upon which they break on the mountain, where they thought to have found the Eng- all returned to Calais. In this expedition was sir Henry of Plan. lish: but, when they saw they had decamped, they sent off some of ders, with two hundred lances. From Brabant, there were sir Henry their most expert and best mounted, over the hills, to see if they de Beautresen, lord of Bergues, the lord Girard de la Harde, and could get any tidings of them. They returned about nine o'clock, lord Franque de Halle.~ From Hainault, the lord Walter de and reported that they had seen them on their march, named the Manny and the lord John de Gommeguines. From Bohemia, sir roads they had taken, and added they were advancing toward Limo. Walter de la Hautepomme, sir Reginald de Boullant, the lord God. ges. When the lords of Auvergne heard this, they broke up their frey de Harduemont, and the lord John his son, the lord Duras, expedition, and each returned to his own home. Thierry de Ferram, the lord Russe de Jumeppe, the lord Giles SorVery soon after, a treaty of marriage was entered into, and com- les, the lord John de Bermont, the lord Reginald de Bergehes, and pleted, between the gallant knight the lord Berault, dauphin of Au. many other noblemen. The Germans and mercenaries from strange vergne, with the daughter of the count de Forests, whom he had by countries, I am unable to name; therefore, for the present, I shall a sister of the lord James de Bourbon. be silent on that head. CHAPTER CCVI. CHAPTER CCV. THE KING OF ENGLAND LEADS A GREAT ARMY INTO FRANCE, DURIN{ Wv)IE GERMANS WAIT FOR THE KING OF ENGLAND AT. CALAIS, TO 4TTEND THE TIME THE KIIG OF FRANCE WAS A PRISONER IN ENGLAND HItM IN ItS EXPEDITION INTO FRANCE, DURING THE TIME KING JOHN THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE ARMY OF ENGLAND. WAS IN ENGLAND. As the duke of Lancaster, with his barons and knights, were re. DURING all this time, the king of England was making such great turning to Calais, to salute the king of England, who was impatient preparations for his expedition into France, that the like was never to see them, they met, within four leagues of Calais, such a multiseen before: on which account, many barons and knights of the tude of people, the whole country waq filled with them; and they German empire, who had formerly served him, exerted themselves were so richly armed and dressed out, that it was a pleasure to view their arms glittering in the sun, their banners waving in the wind, * In ali my manuscripts anl printed editions, it is Auvergne and.Tmlrqmel. Deays and the whole army marching slowly in battle array. When the Uauvage says, that there must be some mistake, and proposes Clermoent in lieu of Merqinel, which, as he was count de Clermont as wvell as dauphin of Auvergne, seems to me * A streag owa in Artoim. proper. Bames changes the word Merrquel into &laortecques; but he gives no reasn or t A village of Artois, diocese of Arras. authority for so doing. S Braye.sur-Somme —a village in Picardy. The counts of Auvergne added the title of dauphin, in rivalship to the daupihin of ~ Barnes says it was sir Thomas Murrers, but gives no authority. V fennois, 1167. How long they continued it I know not. The last dauphin of Viennois I A village in Picardy, diocese ofNoyan. was Humbert, wvto ceded tise title and his estates to the crown of France, 1345, on con- ~[ Sir Francis van Halle was afterwards captain of Calais, and a commissioner fre dition of tire heir apparent to that crown bearing it. Dauphin was formerly a title of treating of peace with France. tie was installed knight of the garter in the r2rd stall benor. as duke, marquis, &c. is now. in the room of sir Otho Holland, —BuswELn's.lccoumet of ite, Garter, No. 50. 124 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRAN CE, SPAIN, &c. duke and the above-mentioned lords were come to the king, he re- to sixty years, that did not go; so that almost all the earls, barons, ceived them very graciously, and thanked them much for their ser- knights, and squires of the realm went to Dover, except those whom vices. Shortly afterwards, these mercenary Germans, Brabanters, the king and his council had ordered to remain to guard his castles, and Bohemians, having assembled together, informed the king, that, bailiwicks, mayoralties, sea-ports, havens, and marches. When all having spent their money, and sold their horses and armor, very little were collected together at Dover, and the vessels ready, the king orremained with them for his service, according to the design of their dered both small and great to assemble at a particular place out oCf coming, and that, if there should be occasion, they had not where- the town, where he distinctly told them, that his intentions were to withal to return to their own country: they entreated him, out of pass into France, and never to return until he should have put an end to his generosity, to pay some regard to their situation. The king thus the war, and obtained an honorable and efficient peace; that he replied: "I am but ill prepared at this place to give you a complete would die sooner than not accomplish this object; and that if there answer; and, as I imagine, you must all be much fatigued; if you were any among them who disapproved of what he had said, he will go and refresh yourselves in Calais for two or three days, I will desired they would return home. They all approving, enmb;lrked on consider your requests this night, and to-morrow will send you such board the ships, to the cries of" c God and St. George!" and alrrived an answer as ought to be satisfactory to you in reason, and according at Calais two days before the feast of All-Saints, 1359. to my means." These lords then leit the king and the duke, and advanced toward Calais. When they had marched about half a league, they met a great number of handsome wagons, and soon C H A P TER C C I. after the prince of Wales, who, as well as all his attendants, were mos-t brilliantly armed, and in such numbers that the whole country THE KIN OF ENGLAND LEAVES CALAIS. THE ORDER OF IIIS ARIY IN seemed covered with them: they marched slowly in close order, as THEIR MARCH TIROUGH PICARDY TOWARD REIMS. if they were about to engage in battle, and always a league or two WHEN the king of England was arrived at Calais, attended by in the rear of the king's division, with their baggage and provisions the prince of Wales and three other sons, namely, Lionel earl of between them; which arrangement the foreign lords viewed with Ulster, John earl of Richmond, and Edmund, afterwards earl of delight. Cambridge, the youngest of the four, with the following lords armd These lords attentively considered this army, and respect — fully saluted the prince, the barons, and the other lords that - were with him. After the prince __ had courteously and handsomely received them, like one who knew well how to do so, on their tanking leave, they informed him also of their poverty and situta- tion, beseeching him that he would have the goodness to attend to their necessities. The prince listened to them, and / aheerfully complied with their s request. They then rode on, __ and came to Calais, where they d Li took up their lodgings. The second day after they had been there, the king of England sent them his answer by three worthy him knights, who told them plainly, (tt i that the king had not with him adequate sums of money to pay all their expenses, nor what they might perhaps demand: that he A l. had brought with him only sufficient for the enterprise he had undertaken: that, however, if they thonght proper to accom- pany him, and partake of his "o good and bad fortune, shouled.. any success ensue, they should partake of it, and largely; but WAR WAGONS AND BAGeAGiE TRAINS ON THEIR MARCH. From Authorities of the Fifteenth Century. Engraved and describes that he would not be understood in Grose's Military Antiquities. as obliged to pay them any wages, nor anything for horses destroyed, or other expenses which they might be put to; for he their attendants, he ordered the cavalry, provision, and baggage, had brought an army from his own country equal to the business to be landed, and remained there four days. He then commanded that he had undertaken. This answer was not very agreeable to every man to get ready; for he was desirous of marching after his these lords, nor to their companions, who had labored hard, and cousin the duke of Lancaster. expended their all; they had also pawned their horses and armor, He left the town of Calais on the next morning, and took the field having sold everything superfluous through necessity. Nevertheless, with the largest army and best appointed train of baggage-wagons, they could obtain nothing except some small sums lent them to that had ever quitted England. It was said, there were upward of carry them home again. However, some of these noblemen chose six thousand carts and wagons, which had all been brought with him. to remain with the king and share his adventures; for they would He then arranged his battalions: they were so richly and welL have been blamed if they had gone back to their own country with- dressed that it was a pleasure to look at them: he nominated his out having done anything. cousin the earl of' March, whom he much loved, his constablle. I shall now point out the manner of the arrangement of the king First marched five hundred knights, well armed, and a thousand of England's forces, which he brought with him for this expedition. archers, in the van of the king's battalion, which was composed of It ought not to be passed over in silence, for so large an army* had three thousand men-at-arms and five thousand archers; himself and never left England before. Previous to the king's embarking for attendants riding among them in close order after the constable. In France, he sent all the French earls and barons, his prisoners, into the rear of the king's battalion, was the immense baggage train, different parts and strong castles in his kingdom, in order to be more which occupied two leagues in length.: it consisted of upward of five ander command. He placed the king of France in the Tower of thousand carriages, with a sufficiency of horses to carry the provision London, which is very large and strong, and situated on the river for the army, and those utensils never before accustomed to be carThames: his young son Philip was sent thither with him: but they ied after an army, such as hand-mills to grind their corn, ovens to were deprived of many of their attendants, curtailed in several com- bake their bread, and a variety of other necessary articles. Next forts, and more closely confined than before. tmarched the strong battalion of the prince of Wales: he was accom. WVuhen he was ready to set out, he summoned all those who had panied by his brothers: it was composed of full two thousand men provided themselves with everything necessary to attend him in at-arms, most excellently mounted and richly dressed. Both the France, to advance toward Dover, where they would find veseels to men-at-arms and archers marched in'close order, so that they were cross the sea. Each man got himself ready as fast as he could: ready instantly to engage, should there be occasion. On their march., there was not knight, squire, or man of honor, from the age ol twenty they did not leave even a boy behind'them without waiting for them, I so that they could not well advance more than four leagues a-day. C Or so well ordered. —LoaD BUERNERS. In this. state, they were met by the duke of Lancaster with t]c CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 125 %reign lords, as has been before related, between Calais and the set out early in hopes of gaining honor or booty by pillaging tihe abbey of Licques,* in a handsome plain. There were also, in this country; and we may perchance meet with them, and make them army of the king of England, five hundred pioneers with spades and pay our score. His companions immediately agreed to this proposal, pick-axes, to level the roads, and cut down trees and hedges, for the kept it secret among themselves, and were ready with their horses more easily passing of the carriages. saddled at break of day. They took the field in good order, and, I wish now to name the great lords of England who crossed the leaving the road which led to Peronne, skirted the woods to see if sea with the king, and the duke of Lancaster his cousin-german: they could meet with any one: they arrived at a village, the inhabit. First then, there were his four sons already named; Henry duke of ants of which had fortified the church: sir Galahaut dismounted at Lancaster; John earl of March, Constable of England; the earls of this place, where there was wine, with bread and meat in plenty, Warwick and Suffolk, marshals of England; the earls of Hereford, which were offered to them by those within. While they were at Northampton, Salisbury, Stamford, Oxford; the bishops of Lincoln this place, sir Galahaut called to him two of his squires, one of whom and Diurham; the lords Percy, Neville, Despenser, Roes, Manny, was Bridoul de Tallonne, and said to them: "Ride forward, and Reginald Cobham, Mowbray, Delaware; sir John Chandos, sir examine the counuy round, to see if you can perceive any one: and, Richard Pembridge,t the lord Maine, the lord Willoughby, the lord if you find nothing, return here to us: we will wait for you." The Felton, the lord Basset, the lord Charlhon,t the lord Silvancier;t sir two squires set off, mounted on good horses, and made for a wood James Audley, sir Bartholomew de Burghersh, the lord Scales, sir which was about half a French league distant. Stephen Cossington, sir Hugh Hastings, sir John Lisle, sir Nesle The same morning, sir Reginand de Boullant, a German knight Loring, and a great many others whom I cannot recollect. belonging to the duke of Lancaster's division, had rode forth since These lords then rode on in the same order I mentioned on their daybreak, and, having made a large circuit without seeing any one, quitting Calais, and marched through Artois, passing by Arras, taking had halted at that spot. The two squires, being come thither, imag. the same road which the duke of Lancaster had done before. They, ined they might be some persons of the country, who had placed however, could not find any provision in the flat countries, for every- themselves there in ambuscade, and rode so near that each party saw thing had been carried into thle different garrisons. The country the other. The two Frenchmen, therefore, consulted together, and had been so pillaged and destroyed, that the ground had not been said, "If they be Germans, we must pretend we belong to them: if cultivated for the last three years; and there was such distress and they be of this part of the country, we will tell them who we are." famine in the kingdom of France, that if corn and oats had not been When they were so near each other that they could speak, the two sent from Hainault and the Cambresis, into Artois, Vermandois, the squires soon perceived, by their uniforms, that they were Germans bishopric of Laon, and Rheims, must have died with hunger. It was and their enemies. Sir Reginald de Boullant spoke to them in upon this account, that the king, who had been informed of the German, and inquired whose soldiers they were. Bridoul de Talpoverty and distress in France, had made such ample provision be- lonne, who well understood that language, answered, "We belong fore he quitted England. Each lord had done the same according to sir Bartholomew Burghersh." "And where is sir Bartholomew?" to his rank, except in the articles of straw and oats, and for that they "Hie is," replied he, "in that village." "' For what reason has he did with their horses as well as they could. The season, however, stopped there 7" " Sir, because he has sent us forward, to see if wa.s very rainy, which hurt greatly both themselves and their horses; we can find anything to forage in this part of the country." "By for almnost every day and night it rained in torrents, so that the vin- my faith, there is not," answered sir Reginald; ".for I have been all tage of this year was worth nothing. over it, and have not been able to pick up anything. Return to him, The king continued his march, by short journeys, with his m.,ole and tell him to advance, and we will ride together as far as St. army, until he came near Bapaume.~ I must notice here an adven- Quentin, and see if we cannot find out a better country, or some ture which befel sir Galahaut de Ribeminmont, a very gallant and expert good adventure." "And who are you?" demanded the squire. "I knight of Picardy, I will first inform you, that all the towns, cities, am called Reginald de Boullant," answered the knight, " and say so and castles, near the road that the king of England was following, to sir Bartholomew." Upon this the two squires turned about, and were well guarded; for each town in Picardy took and received went to the village where they had left their master. As soon as sir knigh ts and squires into their pay. The count de St. Pol had posted Galahaut saw them, he asked, "What news? have you found or himself, with two hundred knights, in Arras; the constable of seen anything?" "Yes, sir, enough, in conscience: beyond this France in Amiens; the lord de Monsault in Corbie; sir Odart de wood is sir Reginald de Boullant, with about thirty more: he has Renty and sir Enguerrant de Hedin in Bapaume; sir Baldwin de been riding about this neighborhood all this morning, and desires Annequin, captain of the cross-bowmen, in St. Quentin: and thus much to have your company to ride further forward toward St. from city to city, for it was well known to all that the king of Eng- Quentin." " How," replied sir Galahaut, "what are you saying 7 land was marcing to lay siege to the city of Rheims. It happened, sir Reginald de Boullant is a German knight, and in the service of that the inhabitants of Peronne in Vermandors had neither captain England." "All this we know well," answered the squire. "Then nor leader; and as their town was on the line of march the king how could you get away from him?" "Sir," said Bridoul, "I will was taking, and the English very near, they were not at their ease, tell you." He then related to him all that conversation which has This town is situated upon the river Somme; and the English fol- just been mentioned. lowed the course of the rivers in preference: they bethought them- When sir Galahaut heard what had passed, he was for a moment selves, therefore, of sir Galahaut de Ribemmont, who was not at that thoughtful, and then asked the opinions of sir Roger de Cologne and time engaged to any town, and, as they had' heard, was at Tournay. some other knights present, what was best to be done. The knights They sent thither to him most courteous letters, to entreat that he answered, "Sir, you are seeking for adventures, and, when they fall would come to assist in guarding the good town of Peronne, and into your mouth, take advantage of them, for by all means, allowed bhring as many companions as were attached to him; that they would by the laws of arms, every man ought to molest his enemy." To pay him every day, for himself, twenty livres; for each knight under this advice sir Galahaut cheerfully assented, for he was very desirous him, ten livres; and each lance having three horses, seven livresll of meeting the Germans. He ordered his steed to be got ready, and a.day. put on his helmet with the visor down, that lie might not be known: Sir Galahaut was always eager for any warlike enterprise, and, the rest did the same. They quitted the village, and, getting into finding hlimself thus courteously sought after by his neighbors of the fields, rode to the right for the wood, where sir Reginald was Peronne, readily complied with their request, and answered, that he waiting for them. They might be about seventy men-at-arnms, arid would set out and be with them the day after the morrow. He left sir Reginald had but thirty. As soon as sir Reginald perceived them Tournay with about thirty lances; but his numbers, as he rode on, advancing, he collected his men together in a very orderly manner, increased. He sent to sir Roger de Cologne, to meet him at an ap-. and thus left his ambuscade, with his pennon displayed before him, pointed place, which sir Roger did, accompanied by nineteen good and marched with a gentle pace to meet the French, xiwhom he becompanions, so that sir Galahaut had now fifty lances. They took lieved to be English. When he was come up with theim, lie raised up their quarters one night, in their way to Peronne, within two short his visor, and saluted sir Galahaut, by the name of sir Bartholomew leagues of the enemy, at a village, but where they found no one, for Burghersh. Sir Galahaut kept his face covered, and replied in a low all the inhabitants of the low countries had fled to the fortified towns. voice, adding, "Come, come, let us ride on." Upon which, his On the next morning, they were to have got into Peronnie, as they people drew off on one side, and the Germans on the other. When were but a small distance from it. About the hour of midnight, sir Reginald de Boullant noticed his manner, and that sir Galahaut when supper was over, after they had posted their watch, they were was eyeing him askance without saying a word, some doubts entered chatting and jesting about feats of arms, of which they had where- his mind. He had not rode a quarter of an Ihour before he stopped withal to talk, sir Galahaut said: "We shall get into Peronne very short, under his banner, in the midst of his people, antd said aloud: early to-morrow morning; but, before we make our entry there, I "I have some suspicions, sir knight, that you are not sir Bartholomew would propos- an excursion toward tihe flanks of our enemies; for I de Burghersh; for I am well acquainted with sir Bartholomew, and shall be much niistaken, if there will nrot be some of them who willh hitherto I have not seen your face; therefore, you murst tell me your real name, before I ride any farther in your company." At these in Richard- embnide Pisbried ia tver~efond naedl. feeGo'sSepulchral words, sir Galahaut raised his visor, and advanced towaard the knight, M1onsumeets. in order to seize the reins of his horse, crying out, "Our Lady of I Ir y MfSS. it is Corbaetoen and SitEa?:cier. IBarnues says, there was lord John Ribemmont!" which was echoed by sir Roger de Cologne, crying, ClImrlton, who nwas chamberlain to tihe ine: bet who flilvarcier is, I cannot find out. "Cologne to the rescue t' Id~Fdi Screens r~epeats rite sid, and cnals~ thle tnr~t anti Gibaltor. Sir Reginald, perceiving his ntistake, was not much firightened ~ gapaume-s0. strung town is Artnios, diocese of ~nrras. Il All my naieetes. MS. as well as printed, have;trog.f~.'~e s-dry; lirr as DenysSanlragre but laying his hand quickly on his sword of war, which he xvore by h:s al!tened it to seern, ld sars tlhart other antrcrs say seves, and particularly as La j his side, that was both stiff and strong, drew it out of the scabbard Chaux marks it clearly vii., I have tlherefore followed it. B26 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN. &c. and, as sir Galahaut advanced to take the bridle, sir Reginald gave Burghersh, in riding toward St. Quentin, accidentally met the hint so furious a stroke with this sword, that it penetrated the armor, governor of that place, sir Baldwin d'Annequin, when both riders and passed through his body. Having drawn it back again, he stuck and horses met together: there was great confusion, and many were spurs in his horse, and left sir Galahaut grievously wounded. unhorsed on each side; but in the end the English gained the field, The companions of sir Galahaut, perceiving their master and cap- and sir Baldwin d'Annequin was captured by sir Bartholomew Burg tain in such a condition, were like madmen: they threw themselves hersh, to whom he had been before a prisoner at the battle oa up, and attacked the party of sir Reginald most fiercely, when some of Poitiers. them were unhorsed. As for sir Reginald himself, he had no sooner The English returned to the king, who that day was lodged in struck sir Galahaut, than, clap. ping spurs to his horse, he had galloped off. Some of sir Galahaut's squires pursued him, while others were engaged with the Germans, with the intenti on of being fully revenged: but sir Reginald, who was a bold and accomplished knight, was not much alarmed: however, when he found himself so closely pursued, that it was pro. per to turn about or be dis. graced, he wheeled round, and struck the nearest so violently with his strong sword, that he had not any desire to follow him further: thus, as he was riding off, he beat down and ~_severely wounded three; and - - had lie had a sharp battle-axe in his hand, every one of his ____ strokes would have killed a. man. In this manner did the knight escape from the French, n I without receiving the smallest i wound, which his enemies, as their well as all those who heard of it, considered as a most gal. o lant act: but it fared otherwise o. with his people, as they were almost all killed or made prisoners, scarcely any escaping. a They placed sir Galahaut de a Ribemmont, who was very severely wounded, on a litter, and carried him to Peronne to -an etrd- _ - a physician. He was never perfectly cured of this wound; RHEsms. The Cathedral and part of the old town, as it appeared during the Siege. Designed from Orifinal sketches for he was a knight of such courage that he would not al. low it time to heal, so that he died shortly afterwards. the abbey of Femy,* where they found great plenty of provisions We will now return to the king of England, and relate how he for themselves and horses; they then passed on, and continued thebi laid siege to the city and castle of Rheims. march without any hindrance, so that they arrived in the environs of Rheims. The king's quarters were at St. Waal beyond Rheims, and the prince of Wales's at St. Thierry,t where they held their courts. The duke of Lancaster, after them, kept the greatest household. C H A P T E R C C V III. The counts, barons, and knights, were quartered in the neighboring THE RKING OF ENGLAND LAYS SIEGE TO THE CITY OF RHEIMS, AND TO THE villages to Rheims, so that they were not very comfortable, nor had CASTLE OF CHARGNY. TSCE WAR RECOMI tENCES BETWEEN THE DUrE they weather to please them; for they had arrived there in the depth of winter, about St. Andrew's day, when it was very rainy: their OF NORMANDY AND THE RING OF NAAERRE. Ihorses were badly housed, hardly treated, and ill fed, as the whole THE English continued their march, until they had passed through country was so destroyed, by having been for two or three years Artois, the low country of which they found in great poverty and before the theatre of war, that no one had tilled or sowed the ground. distress for provisions, and had entered Cambresis, where all things There was such scarcity of corn of all sorts, many were forced to were in greater abundance: for the inhabitants of the plains had not seek forage ten or twelve leagues off. These parties met frequently carried their provisions into any fortresses, thinking themselves secure with the garrisons of the neighboring fortresses: sharp skirmishes from the English, as forming a dependence of the empire: but the ensued between them: sometimes the English lost, at others were king of England did not consider them in that light, nor look upon victorious. Cambresis as part of the empire. Sir John de Craon, archbishop of Rheims, the count de Porcien, The king took up his quarters in the town of Beaurevoir in Cam- sir Hugh de Porcien his brother, the lord de la Bone, the lord de bresis, encampiughis army in the neighborhood, where they halted Canency, the lord Dannore, the lord de Lore, were governors and four days to refresh themselves and horses, and from whence they captains of the town at the time the king of England besieged it. overran the greater part of the country of Cambresis. The bishop, Many other barons, knights and squires of the district of Rheims Peter of Cambray, and the councils of the lords of the country and were also there, who exerted themselves so much that the town sufthe principal towns, sent divers messengers, under a passport, to fered but little loss or damage from the siege: besides, it was strong, inquire the grounds of the war. They received for answer, that well fortified, and as well defended. The king of England was not some time ago they had contracted alliances with the French, had desirous of storming it, lest his army might suffer too much from aided them much, had supported them in their towns and fortresses, wounds or fatigue; he remained, therefore, before it, from St. An. and had before made part in the war as enemies: that these were drew's day to the beginning of Lent. Detachments from his army, the reasons why the war was carried on in their country: nor could however, scoured the country in search of adventures. Some of they get any other answer. The Cambresians were therefore obliged them went over the whole country of Rhetel, as far as Warq,4 to to put up with their losses and grievances as well as they could. Maisieres,~ Donchery,l and Mouson:~ they quartered themselvee The king continued his route through Cambresis, and entered Tierache; but his people overran the country to the right and left, * Femy —a village in Cambresis, on the borders of Hainauit. and took provisions wherever they could lay hands on them. It t st. Thierry —a small village in Champagne, diocese of Rheims. chanced, that in one of these foraging parties sir Bartholomew Warq-les-Maisons-a village of Champagne, election of RheteL ____________________________________________________________________ Mezieres —a strong city of oChampagne, diocese of Rheims, election of Rhetel. I! Donchery —a town of Champagne, on the Meuse, diocese of Rheims, electioa 0 * Tierache-a fertile country in Pidardy, watered by the Gise and the Serre, to the Rhete,. west of Champagne, and south of Hainault. Q 5Iouson —-a town of Champagne, diocese of theim, CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 127 m the country for three or four days; and after having pillaged it was a good man, and a gallant soldier, much renowned, and wvell without let or hindrance, they returned again to their army. spoken of in various places. During the time that the king of England was before Rheims, sir These French men-at-arms, who might amount to three hundred, Bustace d'Ambreticourt had taken the good town of Achery-sur- posted themselves in ambuscade, on the road the lord of Gomeginea Aine;* in which he had found a great quantity of provisions, and, and his troops must necessarily pass, who was quite ignorant of their in particular, upward of three thousand butts of wine. He sent a intentions, and who thought to continue his march unmolested; ho large portion of it to the king of England and his sons, for which entered, therefore, Tierache, and taking the road to Rheims, came they were very thankful. very early in the morning to a village called Habergny,* where they While this siege lasted, many knights left it, to seek what good determined to halt for a short time to refresh themselves and horses, fortune they might find. Among others, sir John Chandos, sir James and then to continue their route without any more delay. They Audley, the lord of Mucident, sir Richard de Pontchardon, with their dismounted in this village, and began to make preparations for feed companies, advanced so near to Chilons in Champagne, that they ing their horses. While his companions were thus employed, the came to Chargny-en-Dornois,t where there was a very handsome lord of Gomegines, who was then young and wilful, said, he would and strong castle. Having carefully examined it, they were very ride out of the village to see if he could not meet with something desirous of gaining this castle, and directly made an assault on it. better to forage. IIe called to him five or six of his companions, Within it were two good and valiant knights as governors: the name and Christopher de Murt his squire, who bore his pennon: they of one was sir John de Caples, who bore for arms a cross anchored quitted the village furiously, but without any order or regularity. sable on a shield or. It happened that the French knights and their troops were in amThe attack was sharp and long: the two knights and their garrison buscade near this village: they had followed them the preceding day defended themselves well: and it behoved them so to do, for they and night, in order that they might combat them with more certainty; were assaulted very roughly. The lord of Mucident, who was a and, if a proper opportunity had not offered itself in the plain, they powerful and rich lord in Gascony, advanced so forward at this at- intended to have entered the village, for the purpose of attacking tack, that he received a severe blow from a stone on his helmet, them; but the lord of Gomegines fell into their hands. Whej the through which it found a passage to his head: he was so badly French lords perceived the lord of Gomegines and his company ad wounded, that he could not be carried away, but died in the arms vancing on this secret excursion, they were at first surprised, and of his people. The other barons and knights were so enraged at the could not conceive who they might be. They sent two scouts on death of the lord of Mucident, they swore they would never quit the the look-out, who brought back word that they were enemies. This place until they had conquered the castle, and all that were in it. news was no sooner heard than they quitted their ambuscade, each They renewed the assault with double vigor: many gallant deeds crrying out, "Roye, for the lord of Roye!" The Iknights advanced were performed: for the Gascons, being irritated by the loss of their before the lord of Roye, who had his banner displayed in front. lord, rushed into the ditches, close to the walls of the castle, without There were sir Flamen de Roye his cousin, sir Lewis de Robersart, sparing themselves, and, placing their shields over their heads, climbed the canon de Robersart his brother, who was a squire, sir Tristram up them: the archers, in the meantime, kept such a continual volley de Bonne-roye, and others, each armed according to his condition, of arrows, that no one dared to appear. The castle was so briskly with their swords hanging to their wrists, and their spears couched, assaulted, that it was won, but it cost them dear. When the English toward their enemies, crying otet, "Roye, for the lord of Roye!" wvere masters of it, they made the two knights prisoners who had so When the lord of Gomegines perceived the ambuscade he had valiantly defended it, and some other squires and gentlemen: the fallen into, he was much astonished; but he determined to stand his rest of the garrison they put to the sword. They destroyed much ground, and wait his enemies, for both himself and followers disof the castle of Chargny, because they did not wish to keep it, and dained to fly: they couched their spears, and formed themselves in returned to the king and his barons, to relate what they had performed. order of battle. The French, being well mounted, charged these During the time they were before Rheims, great animosities and English and Gascons, who were not very numerous; and, at the first hatred arose between the king of Navarre and the duke of Normandy. charge, the -lord of Gornegines was run through with a spear, and I am not perfectly well informed of the real cause,t but so it was, had not afterwards an opportunity, from the situation of the place, for the king of Navarre quitted Paris suddenly, and went to Mantes- to remount his horse. His people fought valiantly, and many gallant sur-Seine, from whence he sent his challenge to the duke and his deeds were done; but in the enid the lord of Gomegines could not brothers. Many a baron was much surprised at this, and wondered hold out: he was therefore made prisoner, on his parole. Two of for what cause the war was to be renewed. However, a squire his squires had fought valiantly, but were forced to yield, or they from Brussels, whose name was Waustre Ostrate, under pretence of would have been slain, as well as Christopher de Mur, a valiant this war took the strong castle of Roulleboise upon the Seine, a short squire, who bore the pennon of the lord of Gomegines. To make league from Mantes, which was afterwards a great annoyance to the an end of this affair, all those of the Gomegine party were either Parisians and all the neighborhood. slain or made prisoners, except the valets, who being well mounted, While the king of England was besieging Rheims, with his whole saved themselves by flight. No pursuit was made after them, more army, it happened that the lord Gomegines, who had returned to the weighty considerations occupying their enemies. queen in England, at the time the king of England had sent all strangers out of Calais, as had been before related, repassed the sea, and with him some squires of Gascony and England, who accompa. CHAPTER CCIX. nied him into Hainault, intending to join the army before Rheims. The young lord of Gomegines, being eager to advance himself, col- TIHE LORD OF ROYE AND HIS COMPANY DEFEAT THE REMAINDER OF THE'i lectcd some men together on his return to Hainault. Many men-at. TROOPS OF THE LORD OF GOMEGINES. THE CASTL OF cOMEIMtcYt arms joined him, and served under his pennon. When they were SURRENDERS TO THE ENGLISH. all assembled, they might amount to about three hundred. They TaE knights who had taken the lord of Gomegines, and overthrown set out from Maubeuge,~ where they had been mustered, and came all those who had followed him out of the village, did not wish to lose to Avesnes,I1 which they passed through, and then to Trelon.~ time, but, putting spurs to their horses, galloped into the above-menThe lord of Roye, at this period, was in garrison at Roye** in tioned village, calling out, "Roye, for the lord of Roye!" Those Tierache: there were a great many companions with him, as well who were there were much alarmed at this cry, and surprised to find knights as squires; and he had been informed, by the spies he kept their enemies so near them, as they were chiefly disarmed and seat. in pay on the borders of Hainault, of the lord of Gomegines having tered about, so that they could not rally nor collect together. The collected a body of forces, which he was marching to the assistance French made prisoners of them at their pleasure, in houses, barns, of the king of England before Rheims, and that he and his troops and ovens: and the canon de Robersart had many who surrendered must pass through Tierache. As soon as the lord of Roye had as- themselves to him, because his banners were better known than those certained the truth of this intelligence, he communicated it secretly of the others. It is true, indeed, that some of them retreated to a to all his fellow-soldiers in the neighborhood, and particularly to the small fortified house, surrounded by a moat, which is situate in this lord Robert, canon de Robersart, who at that time managed the estates village of Harcigny, and cobsulted among themselves whether to of the young earl de Courcy, and resided in the castle of Marle.t-f defend it until the king of England, who was before Rheims, might When the canon heard it, he was not slow in obeying the summons, hear of their disaster (for the mansion could very soon be made strong but came to the lord of Roye with full forty lances. The lord of enough to enable them to hold out,) when they thought, that as soon Roye was chosen chief of this expedition, as indeed he had reason as he should know of their situation, he would without doubt send to expect, for he was a powerful baron in Picardy, and for the times forces to relieve them. While they were thus debating, the lord of Roye and his companions came before it, and said to them: " Listen, * Achery —a town in Picardy, on the Oise, diocese of Laon. The river Aine falls into gentlemen; if you force us to make the slightest attack, we will not the Oise near Compiegne. suffer any one of you to escape death; for, if we begin, we will con t Dormois —a country of Champagne, diocese of Rheims. tinue the attack until we take it." These and such-like words threw $ Probably occasioned by the king of Navarre's treasonable designs being discovered, them into confusion, and oven the boldest were alarmed: they sur. See Villaret's t-Sist. of France, pp. 216, &c. It is said there, thmft the castle of Roule- They were all boise was taken by one of the king of Navarre's captains. rendered, therefore, on having their lives spared. ~ A strong town in Hainault, on the Sambre, diocese of Cambray. IJ Avesnes —a strong town in Hainauat, diocese of Cambray. * Habergny. Barnes calls it Harcigny, which is a village in Picardy, diocese of Laon ~ Trelon —a village in Flanders, near Avesnes. lrabergny is not in the Gazetteer. ** Roye —a strong town in Picardy. My printed copien have it Ray, two MSS. Roy, I Barsnes makes him an Englishman, of the name of Moor, but I see no cause for it one Rosoy. C Commercy is not in the Gazetteer. Barnes calls it Cormicy, which is a town ii tt Marle-a town in Picardy, diocese of Laon. Champagne, diocese of Rheims. L28 CHRONICLES OF ENGiLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &ce. made prisoners, and sent to the castle of Coucy, and the other gar- sur-Seine, his constable,* who commanded always the van battalion, risons from whence the French had marched.'rlhis disaster happened advanced and came before St. Floreatin,t which was under the com. to the lord of Gomegines and his party about Christmas, 1359. When mand of sir Odoart de Rency; and, after having displayed his the king of England was informed of it, he was mightily enraged; banner (which was blazoned, or and azure, a chief pally, and at but he could not amend it. each of the two corners girons, and an escutcheon argent in the We will now return to the siege of Rheims, and speak of an ad- midst of the shield,) before the gate of the fortress, made a fierce venture which happened to sir Bartholomew Burghersh, who had attack on it, but in vain. The king of England and his whole army laid siege to the town and castle of Cormicy, in which was a knight came and toos up their quarters at Saint Florentin and the neigh of Champagne, whose name was sir Henry de Vaulx; he wore black borhood, on the banks of the riverArmannon4 When they marched armor, and bore for arms five almonds argent on a field sable: his from thence, they came before Tonnerre,~ which was so briskly war-cry was "Viane."* attacked, the town was won, but not the castle. The English, how During this siege of Rheims, the earls, barons, and great lords ever, found in that town upward of three thousand butts of wine, were quartered in the neighborhood, as you have before heard, in which were of great service to them. order to prevent any provision being carried into that city. Among At this period the lord de Fiennes, constable of France, was in them was sir Bartholomew Burghersh, a great biron of England: he the city of Auxerre 11 with a number of men-at-arms. and his suite, with his company of archers and men-at-arms, were lodged near Cormicy, where there is a handsome castle belonging to the archbishop of Rheims, who had put into it the knight beforementioned, with many good companions, to guard it against their C H A P T E R C C X. enemies. They were far from fearing any attack; for the castle TH ICING OF ENGLAND, AFTER HE HAD RAISED THE SIEGE OF RDEIXS had a large square tower, whose walls were very thick, and it was WASTES AND DESTROYS ALL THE COUNTRIES tE TASSES THROUGI, well furnished with arms of defence. HE COMES To GILLON, WHERE HE REMAINS. GREAET QUANTITIES When sir Bartholomew had surrounded this castle, and, by well OF PROVISION FOLLOW THE ARMY. reconnoitering its strength, found hlie could not take it by assault, he THE king of England and his army remained five days in Tonordered a number of miners, whom he had with him in his pay, to nerre, on account of the good wines he found tere. The castle wa get themselves ready and do their duty in undermining the fortress,nrn acut o t g we hfod th e cas often assaulted: but it was well provided with men-at-arms, corn when he would reward them handsomely: uponi which they replied, tiy meanded by sir Baldwin d'Annequin, master of the cross-bowm they would cheerfully undertake it. The miners iinediately broke When they had well reposed and refreshed themselves in Tonnerre, ground, and, having lodged themselves in their mine, worked night and day: isomch that they dvanced far under the gret tower; they marched off, and crossed the river Armangon. The king of and, as they pinsomuch thatrd, they advaproppnced faup the work, that thoser; England left the road to Auxerre on his right hand, and took that and, as they pushed forward, they propped up the, work, that thosewhcledtoNyr:hiinninseetonerBguyad within knew nothing of it. When they had thus completed their which leads to Noyers:e his intentions were to enter Burgundy and pass his Lent there. He and his whole army marched above Noyers; min the y ca to srBtheco throlmw down the tower when they chose, but he would not suffer any attack to be made on it, as the lord of it theyr came to sir Bartholomew Blurghiersb, and said to him: 11 Sirwshspioe icetebtl fPiirs hymrhdo o we have carried our works so far that this tower, great as it is, shall s his prisoner since the battle of Poitiers. They marched on for be thrown down whenever you please." " It is well," replied sir their quarters to a town called Montroyal,* situated on a river called Bartholomew, " but do nothing more without my orders:" to which Sellettes; and, when the king left it, he went up that river, and prothey willingly consented. The night immediately mounted his ceeded straight to take possession of his lodging at Guillon,tt which they illigly onsened. he kightimmedatel mouted is - also on its banks s; for on'e of his squires, called John dlAlenc.,on, steed; and taking John de Guistellest with him, who was one of is also on its banks; for oe of his squires, called John d'Alenon, is companions, they advanced to the castle, and sir Brtholomew who bore for his arms a scutcheon argent in a field azure, had taken hisn c pansiosha they hadvanced to thae castaleyn with Batholoew withn e a signal that he wished to have a parley with those within the town of Flavigny I in its neighborhood, and had found within it a sufficiency of provision for the whole army for a month. This Upon this, sir Henry came forward on the battlements, and demanded iency of provis wa's very fortunate, as the king remained there fr'om the night of what he wanted. " I want you to surrender," replied sir Bartholo s ey fortate, as the king remained there from the nigt of mew, "or you will all infallibly be detroed. "By what means Ash-Wednesday until Mid-lent. His marshals and light troops answered the French knigyht, who begyan to laugh; we are peranswered the French knight, who bean to laugh; "we are p br i coured the country round, bumrning and destroying it, and frequently fectly well supplied with everything; and you wish us thus simply bringing to the army fresh provisions. to surrender: cetainlyit not beto-dy," added sir Henry. I must inform you, that the king of England and his rich lords to surrender: certainly it shall not be to-day," added irHenrywere followed by carts laden with tents, pavilions, mills, and forges, " Certainly," said the English knight', "1if you were truly informed tgrnthiconadmksoefrterhreadevyhin what your situation is, you would surrender instantly, without more togind their corn and make shoes for their horses, and evemyting of that sort which might be wanting. For this purpose there were words." "lWhy, what is our situation?" demanded Sir Henry. upward of six thousand earts, each of them drawn by four good and " If you will come out, upon my assurance of your safety, I will u osi h ch o t e ra n gd n show you," replied sir Bartholomew. Sir IHenry accepted the con- strong horses which had been transported from England. Upo dition, and came out of the fortress, witn only three rothers, to sir these carts also were many vessels and small boats, made surpri these carts also were many vessels and small boats, made surpriBartholomew and John de Guistelles, who immediately conducted singly well of boiled leather: they were large enough to contain themn to the mine, and showed them that the great tower was only three men, to enable them to fish any lake or pond, whatever might supported on props of wood. be its size: and they were of great use to the lords and barons during When the French knight saw the peril he and his'garrison were Lent: but the commonalty made use of what provisions they could in, he told sir Bartholomew, that he had very good reasons for what get. The king had, besides, thirty falconers on horseback, laden he had said, and that his proceedings were truly gallant and noble: withhawks: sixtycoupleofstronghounds, and asmanygreyhounds; We shall therefore surrender ourselves to your will. Sir Bartho so that every day he took the pleasure of hunting or fishing either by lomew took them all his prisoners, made them leave the tower one nd or water. Many lords had their hawks and hounds as well after the other with their baggage, and then set fire to the mine. the king. The timber was soon on fire; and, when the props were burnt, the Their army was alwas in three divisions, and each person ept tower, which was extremely large, opened in two places, and fell on to his division: there was also a anguard to every one of tem, the opposite side to where sir Bartholomew was standing, who said and their quarters were one league distant from each other, the king to sir Henry and the garrison of the fortress, "Now, see if I did not being with the third and largest division. This order was constantly theoppsit sie t whee sr Brthlomw wa stndig, ho aidbeing with the third and largest division. This order was constantly tell you the truth." "1We own it, sir," replied they, "1and remainChres tell you the truth." "We own it, sir," rreplied they, " and remain lkept on their march from Calais, until they came before the town of prisoners at your pleasure. We also return you our best thanks for Charitres. your kindness to us; for if the Jacquerie, who formerly overran this During the time the king of England remained at Guillon, where country, had had the same advantage over us that you have, they he was living on the provision which John d'Alengon had found in would not have acted so generously." T9hus were all the garrison would not have acted so generously." Thus were all the garrison * Roger earl of Mortimer. See more of him and his arms, in Ashmole, p. 692. of Cormicy made prisoners, and the castle thrown to the ground. Mr. Lodge says, the arms of Mortimer have puzzled heralds at all times; but the The king of England remained before Rheims for upward of seven terms heralds now use in blazoning the arms of Mortimer are these: " Barry of six or weeks, but never made anly assault upon it, as it would have been and azure, and an escutcheon argent; on a chief of the first three pallets of the second, useless. He began to tire; and as his army found great difficulties between two girons or." [Thearms of Mortimer, given in Burke's "Extinct, dormant. ain obtaining forage and provision, their horses perished. He broe d suspended Peerages," are as follow: Barry of six or and azure on a chief of tie uisn cbtainpg foa mad p sofftoard Chaors prinsha ne, i e first, three pellets between two esqurres, bust dexter and sinister, of the second, and jm3 up his camp, and marched off towardChamons, in Champagne, in the escutcheon argent.-ED.] same order as before. The king and his army passed very near to $t St. Florentin —situatet on the Armanton, thirteen leagues from Troyes. Chalons, and sat down before Bar-sur-Aube, and afterwards before I the prited copies it is Moson, ut i my MSS. rmanon. the city of Troyes. He took up his quarters at Mery-sur-Seine.t Tonnerre-situated on the Armangon, diocese of Langres. The w e y b e ed Ii It is Dampierre in the printed copies. Denys Sauvage thinks it ought to havebeen The whole army lay between Mery and Troyes, which is reckoned Auxerre. It isAuxerre in my MSS. to be eight leagues distant from each other. While he was at Mery- a Noyers —a town in Burgundy, on the river Serin, diocese of Lrngres. 1n* I cannot find Montroyal, nor the river Sellettes, l the Gazetteer. e In all the printed hooks I have seen, his name is ttenry de Noir, but at the end It i ~ Quillon —a town in Burgundy, in the bailiwick of Avalon HressHenri, do mi aenr de Vaula, e t s'rrmoit le dit:t Flavigny —a town of Burgundy, situated near the Onzerain, bailiwick of Semnunlessire Henri, de noir a cinq amans d'argent, et criet Viane." en-Auxois, Q. Arnars —miot in any of my dictionaries. tMr. Lodge supposes they must mean ~~ Lord Berners says "'he either hunted~or hawked at the rier." It is not to be suphnlronds. posed that he or his lords could find much pleasure in fishing in their leather boats oe tlArans, in Norman French, mean diamonrds, or, in heraldic phrase, lozenges; the coracles, altheugh they were useful to obtain a supply of fish for them in Lent. The arms of IHenrri do Noir or de Varrlx. are not given in B. Saruvage's or ILord erernsr. —ED.] words in 1). Sauvage's ed. are, "Le roy avoit bien pour lui trent fauconiers k cheval. t Barnes calls trim lord John de Botetourt; but he gives no authority for it. charges d'oiseaux, et bien soixantes couples de forts chiens et nutant do leurier: do~ Merv-sur-seine —diocese and election of Troyts, seven leagues from Troye- il a lbeit c hacun iour os ex chae c e or ts riv cine "e-E t CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 129 Flavigny, his thoughts were employed in devising means to keep the holy church, by reason of their pride and the expensive life they and maintain himself in France. The young duke of Burgundy and led, but also concerning the kingdom of France, and the great lords his council, at the request of his subjects, sent to the king divers of Christendom, for their heavy oppressions on the common people. lords and knights, as embassadors to treat with him, so that the The above-mentioned John was willing to prove all he said from the duchy of Burgundy should not be destroyed or pillaged. The under- Apocalypse, and by the ancient books of the holy prophets, which named lords accepted this commission: first, the lord Anselme de were opened to him through the grace of the Holy Ghost, by which Sallins, great chancellor of Burgundy; sir James de Vienne, sir John he uttered things that were difficult to be credited. Some of the Derie, sir Hugh de Vienne, sir William de Thoroise and sir John de predictions he had made were seen to come to pass within the time, Moatmartin. These lords managed the affair so well, and found which he never could have foretold as a prophet but by means of the the king of England in such good humor, that a treaty was soon ancient Scriptures, and the Holy Spirit, that had given him the power entered into between them; and a composition was made, that for of understanding these ancient prophecies, and of announcing to all three years no part of the duchy of Burgundy should be overrun, on Christians the year and time when they were to be fulfilled. condition of having 200,000 livres paid down. When this treaty He made many books, full of much science and learning. One was finished and sealed, the king and his whole army dislodged, was written in the year 1346, which contained many marvellous and set out on his return, taking the straight road for Paris, fixing things, difficult of belief, but of which some had come to pass his quarters at Avalont upon the river Cousin, below Vezelay.t already. When ble was questioned concerning the war against The quarters of his army extended from the river Yonne as far as France, he answered, that what they had seen was nothing to what Clamecy,~ to the entrance of the county of Nevers. The English was to happen; for there would be no peace until the realm of France entered Gatinois; and the king made such forced marches that he was destroyed and ruined from one end to the other*. This indeed came so near Paris as to take up his quarters within two short happened afterwards; for that kingdom was completely spoiled at leagues of it, at Bourg-la-Reine. As he and his army passed through the time the friar had fixed, in the years 1356, 1357, 1358, and 1359; the country, they destroyed it on all sides. On the other hand, the insomuch that none of its princes or gentlemen dared to show themgarrisons which he had in Picardy, Beauvoisis, the Isle of France, selves against those of the low estate collected from all parts, and Champagne and Brie, carried on a continual war, and ruined the who had arrived, one after the other, without leader or chief, while country. the country had riot any means of resisting them. They e'ected The king of Navarre resided in Normandy, and made a cruel (as you have before seen,) in different parts of the country, captains war against France, insomuch that that noble kingdom was so griev- from among themselves, to whom they paid obedience. The cap-. ously oppressed, it did not know which way to turn itself. tains, when they enrolled any man in their companies, made certain But above all, sir Eustace d'Ambreticourt was thile most active: agreements with them respecting their shares of booty and the his quarters were at Cheny-sur-Aisne, where he had a strong garri- ransom of prisoners: they found so much pillage, that all the leaders. son of soldiers and men-at-arms, who overran, pillaged and ransomed became rich from the great wealth they amassed. the good county of Rethel, from Donchery to Mezi~res, and as far King Edward was lodged at Bourg-la-Reine, two short leagues. as Chesne-le-Pouilleux and Stenay,l! in the county of Bay.~ They from Paris, and his army in different parts between that and Mont-. quartered themselves wherever they chose in all that country, for lhery t. He sent from thence his heralds to the duke of Normandy two or three nights, without opposition from any one, and then re- in Paris, who had with him a great number of men-at-arms, to offer' turned unmolested to their garrison at Cheny, to refresh and recruit him battle: but the duke would not accede to it. His messengcrs,.. themselves. It is true indeed, that all the neighboring lords, knights therefore, returned without having done anything. When the kingand squires, threatened them much: they met together, and appointed found that his enemies would not venture out of Paris, he was. different days for their assembling, to take the field and besiege sir mightily enraged: upon which that good knight, sir Walter Manny,.. Eustace in his castle of Cheny; but nothing in fact was done. stepped forth and besought his lord that he would permit him to. It happened that these adventurers (whose whole thoughts, night make an excursion and assault as far as the barriers of Paris. The and day, were occupied on the best means of taking towns, and in king consented to his request, and named himself those knights that: what parts of the country they should find most to pillage) came one should accompany him. He made also many new knights on the. night to a good town with a strong castle, situated in the Laonois,** occasion; among whom were, the lord Delaware, the lord de Silva — tolerably near to Montagu,tt and in a very deep marshy country, the cier, sir Thomas Banaster $, sir William Torceaux, sir Thomas le' name of which was Pierrepont.t$ At this time, there were in it Despensier, sir John Neville, sir Richard Dostmay, and many others. a great many people of the country, who had carried thither their Colart d'Ambreticourt, son of sir Nicholas, would have been of the, goods, trusting to the strength of the place. When sir Eustace's number; for the king was desirous of it, as he was attached to lhis; companions arrived, the guard was asleep: they marched, therefore, person and squire of his body; but the young man excused himself,. through the deep marshes with much loss, for their avarice urged by saying he could not find his helmet. them on, and they came to the walls of the town, which they entered Sir Walter Manny set out on this enterprise, and carried with him; without resistance, and robbed at their pleasure. They found in it these new knights to skirmish and to make an attack on the barriers more riches than in any other place; and, when it was day, they of Paris. Many hard blows were given and received; for there.' burnt the town, and returned to Cheny, well laden with booty.~~ were within the city several valiant knights and squires, who would i willingly have sallied forth, if the duke of Normandy had given his consent. They, however, guarded the gates and barriers so well' C~H ~A ~P T ER C CXI. that no damage was done to thenm. This skirnish lasted until twelve C HA PT ER C C XI. o'clock, and many were killed on both sides. Sir Walter then THE KING OF ENGLAND LAYS THE KINGDOM OF FRANCE UNDER GREAT retreated with his people to their quarters, where they remained TRIBULATION. A CORDELIER FRIAR PROPHESIES. THE ENGLISSS PLACE together that day and the following night. On the morrow, the king' AN AMBUSCADE FOE THOSE WHO SHOULD CONME OUT OP PARIS. dislodged, and took the road to Montlhery. ABOUT this period, a Franciscan friar, full of knowledge and under- When the camp was breaking up, some English and Gascon standing,Hi] was at Avignon: his name was John de Rochetaillade: knights planned the following enterprise. They thought, that as and pope Innocent VI. kept him a prisoner in the castle of Baignoux, there were so many knights in Paris, some of them would sally out. not only on account of the great prophecies he made of the times to after them: and some young adventurers would endeavor to gain, come, chiefly and principally relating to the heads and prelates of by their valor, both honor and booty. They therefore placed two' hundred picked men, well armed, in an old empty house, three * See this treaty in Rymer, anna 1360. The sum was 200,000 moutons-50,000 to be leagues from Paris. The chiefs of the Gascon party were, the captal paid at the ensuing feast of St. John the Baptist, 100,000 at Christmas, and 50,000 at de Buch, sir Aymery de Pommiers, and thie lord de Courton: of the' Easter. Easter. English, the lord Neville, the lord Mowbray, and Sir Richard de, t Avalon-a town of Burgundy, on the Cousin, which falls into the Yonne. Vezelay —a town in Nivernois, diocese of Autun, four leagues firom Clamery Pontchardon. These six knights were the leaders of this ambus. Clamnecy-a small city of the Nivernois, diocese of Auxerre, on the conflux of the cade. Yonne and Beuvron. When the French who were within Paris perceived that the king 11 Stenay-in the diocese of Treves, on tihe Meuse. of Enland was decamping, some young nights collected together, ~ i cannot find, in any dictionary, the county of Bay. It is Buy in Denys Sauvage. of England was amping, some young knights collected together, Stenay is in the diocese of Treves: but even the connection of names is so wide, I can- and said among themselves: "It will be a good thing for us to sally not suppose it to be a mistake for Treves. out secretly, and follow a while the army of England, to see if we ** Laonois-in Picardy. tt Monta gu —in Picardy, diocese of Leon. fU Pierrepont-village of Picardy, diocese of Laon. There is a diflereice here in Lord Berners, and we have therefore transcried his ~~ This passage is one of those so excellently translated by Lord Berners, tlrt we are version. Thie ed. ot'f D. Sauvage agrees with Mr. Johnes. It will be seen that Lrrld Induced to subjoin it. "These companyons who ynagined nylght and daye howe they Berners makies the friar particula?'itZ predict the Jacquerie, while in Mr.. lohneie's yermightn gent and steale townes andi fortresses on a night ther, camne to a strrnge towne sion a general proihiecy alone is ascribed to himn. "Thie whiclie sayei, was well seen and a goon castell inn Lnnnnoyse nere to Montague; this fortesse was called Pierpont after, for the norble realme of Frarnace wwas sore wasted andi exyled, and specially in standyng in a iaresse; the srme season there were within tine towne great nomnbre of that terme that tire sayd fi'ere had sette, the which was in the yeres of our Lorde men of the countrey that had brought thither theyr goodes on trust of tire strengnth of MCCCLVI, VII, VIII, anrd VIX. tie sayde iin those yeass tre piynecis and g'entylthe place. When they of Cheny came thither the wntche within was aslepe; they inen of t/ne realine s/muld nieotfo feare sha/ne themselnfe azsnist the preple of joese estate spared not the dangerous maresses, but went through them snd came tI the welles and assembled of all countres without heed or capitsyne, and they shulde do as they iyste so entered into tire townre and wanne it withnout defence anrd rnbhed it at their pleasrrre. in the realne of Friunce, the whiche fblle after as ye hive herde, howe tihe comp-iryoins They found tirer more riches than ever they found hefire in any towne. Anti wh'rim it assembled tlheym togirether and by reason of theyr robbery and pyllage waxed riche and was day they brent the towne and returned to Cheny well finruysshed with great pyl- becnere great capitaynes,' are the weords of Lord Berners. —Eni., Iage." —ED. I t Montllhery —a town in the Isle of France, seven leagues fromParis. II1" Picein de grind clefrgi et de grande entendement," are the words used in D. S SirThomas Banaster was afterwards elected knight of the garter ic this king's reign ftauvage's ed. —ED, See hi ife,;n Anstin's History of the Garter, vol. ii. p.153. 130 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &e. cannot gain something." They were all instantly of this opinion, their proposals to drop; for they saw the kingdom ill such a miserable so that sir Raoul de Coucy, sir Raoul de Ravenal, the lord de Mon- situation, that the greatest danger was to be apprehended if they sault, the lord de Helay, the constable of Beauvais, le bbgue de should suffer another summer to pass without peace. On the othez Villaines, the lord de Beausiers, the lord of Ulbarin, sir Gauvain de hand, the king of England insisted on such conditions as would have Valouel, sir Flamant de Roye, sir Azelles de Cavilly, sir Peter de been so very grievous and prejudicial to France, that the commis. Fermoises, Peter de Savoises, and upward of a hundred lances with sioners, in honor, could not assent to them: so that their treaties and them, sallied out well mounted, with a thorough good will to do conferences lasted seventeen days, the two prelates and the lord oJ something; but they must first find the occasion. They toolk the Autun constantly following the king of England this last was much road to Bourg-la-Reine, which they passed, and gained the open listened to at the court of the king. They sent every day, or every fields. when they followed the track of the cavalry and army of other day, their treaties and minutes to the duke of Normandy and England, and rode beyond the ambuscade of the captal and his his brothers at Paris, that they might see what state they were in, and company. have answers thereto; as well as to know in what manner they were They were no sooner passed than the English and Gascons marched to act. All these papers were attentively examined and considered out of it, after them, with their lances in their rests, shouting their privately in the apartments of the duke of IN omandy, and then the war-cry. The French turned about, wondering who they could be: full intentions of the duke were written down, with the opinions of but they soon found they were their enemies. They immediately his council to these commissioners; by which means, nothing passed halted, and drew themselves up in battle array, and, with couched on either side without being fully specified and examined most causpears, prepared to meet the English and Gascons, who soon joined tiously. These aforesaid Frenchmen were in the king's apartments, them. At this first onset many were unhorsed on both sides, for or ir, his lodgings, as it happened, in the different places he halted at, both parties were well mounted. After this tilting-bout, they drew as well on his march toward Chartres as otherwise; and they made their swords, and attacking each other more closely, many hard great offers, to bring the war to a conclusion; but the king was very. blows were given, and may gallant deeds performed. This attack hard to treat with: for his intention was, to be in fact king of France, lasted a considerable time, and the ground was so well disputed, that al'hough he had never been so, to die with that rank, and also to put it was difficult to say which of the two would be, conqueror. The Brittany, Blois and Touraine in the same situation as those other captal de Buch shone particularly, and did with his hand many deeds provinces where he had garrisons. If his cousin, the duke of Lan. worthy so good a knight. In the end, however, the English and caster, whom he much loved and confided in, had not persuaded him Gascons fought so valiantly, that the field remained to them: they to give up such ideas, and advised him to listen to the offers of peace, were more than half as many again as the French. he never would have come to any terms. He very wisely remonThe lord of Campreny showed himself a valiant knight on the strated with him, and said: "My lord, this war which you are car. side of the French, and fought gallantly under his banner, the bearer rying on in the kingdom of France is wonderful to all men, and not of which was slain: his banner was argent, a buckle gules, between too favorable to you. Your people are the only real gainers by it; six martlets sable, three above and three below. The lord of Cam- for you are wasting your time. Considering everything, if you per. preny was made prisoner. The other French knights and squires, sist in continuing the war, it may last you your life; and it appears who saw the ill success of their attempt, and that they could not to me doubtful if you will ever succeed to the extent of your wishes. recover themselves, took the road toward Paris, fighting as they I would recommend therefore, while you have the power of closing retreated, and the English pursuing them most eagerly. In this it honorably, to accept the proposals which have been offered to you; retreat, which continued beyond Bourg-'a-Reine, nine knights, as for, my lord, we may lose more in one day than we have gained in well bannerets as others, were made prisoners; and, if the English twenty years." These prudent and sensible words, which the duke and Gaseous who pursued them had not been afraid that others of Lancaster uttered loyally, and with the best intentions, to advise,might sally out of Paris to their assistance, not one would have the king of England to his good, converted the king to his opinion, uescaped being killed or taken. When this enterprise was finished, through the grace of the Holy Spirit, who also worked to the same?they returned toward Montlhery, where the king was. They carried effect: for an accident befel him and all his army, who were then;heir prisoners with them, to whom they behaved very courteously, before Chartres, that much humbled him, and bent his courage.'and ransomed them handsomely that same evening, allowing them During the time that the French commissioners were passing back. to return to Paris, or wherever else they chose, taking readily their ward and forward from the king to his council, and unable to obtain word of honor as sufficient security for their ransom. any favorable answer to their offers, there happened such a storm and The intention of the king of England was to enter the fertile violent tempest of thunder and hail, which fell on the English army, country of Beauce, and follow the course of the Loire all the summer, that it seemed as if the world was come to an end. The hailstonas to recruit and refresh iis army in Brittany until after August; and were so large as to kill men and beasts, and the boldest were frightas soon as the vintage was over, which from all appearances prom- ened.:ised to be abundant, he meant to return again and lay siege to The king turned himself toward the church of Our Lady at CharFrance, that is to say, to Paris; for he wished not to return to Eng- tres, and religiously vowed to the Virgin, as he has since confessed, land, as he had so publicly declared, on setting out, his determina- that he would accept of terms of peace. He was at this time lodged tion to ronquer that kingdom, and to leave garrisons of those who in a small village, near Chartres, called Bretigny; and there were were carrying on the war for him in France, in Poitou, Champagne, then committed to writing, certain rules and ordinances for peace, Ponthieu, Vimeu, Valguessin,* in Normandy, and throughout the upon which the following articles were drawn out. To follow up whole kingdom of France, except in those cities and towns which this, and more completely to treat of it, the councillors and lawyers had voluntarily submitted to him. of the king of England.drew up a paper called the Charter of Peace, The duke of Normandy was at this time at Paris with his two with great deliberation and much prudence, the tenor of which follows.'brothers, their uncle the dulke of Orleans, and all the principal counceillors of state, who, well aware of the courage of the king of England, and how he pillaged and impoverished the whole realm of CAPT R CC II. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C, CH A PT ER C C X I I. France, knew also that his situation could not last, for the rents both of the nobles and clergy were generally unpaid. At this period, a THE FORN AND TENOR OF TiE PAPER DRAWVN UP AS ARTICLES OF TIE very wise and valiant man was chancellor of France, whose name PEACE, WHICH WAS CONCLUDED BEFORE CHARTRES, BETWEEN TIlE was sir William t de Montagu, bishop of Therouenne: by his advice KINGS OF FRANCE ANT ENGLAND.,the kingdom was governed: every part of it profited from his good EDWARD, by the grace of God, king of England, lord of Ireland and loyal counsel. Attached to him were two clerks of great pru- = and loyal cousel. ttached to in were two clers of great p-and of Aquitaine, to all to whom these presents shall come, greeting. deuce; one xvrss the abbot of Clugny, the other friar Symon de As, in consequence of the dissensions, variance, discord and strife, Langres, principal of the predicant monks, and doctor in divinity, that have arisen, or that might have been expected to arise between'These two clerks just named, at the request and command of the us and our very dear brother the king of France, certain commis. duke of Normandy and his brothers, the duke of Orleans their uncle, sioners and procurators from us and from our dear son, Edward price -and of the whole of the great council, set out from Paris with certain of Wales, having sufficient power and authority foi us, fdr him and of Wales, hav:ing sufficient power and authority foi' us, fdr him and articles of peace. Sir Hugh de Geneve, lord of Autun, was also for our kingdom on the one part, and certain others commissioners,their companion. They went to the king of England, who was and procurators from oursaid brother, and from our very dear nephew ~overrunning Beauee, near to Gallardon.T; Overunning Beauce, near to Gallardon. Charles duke of Normandy and dauphin of Vienne, eldest sen to the These two prelates and the knight had a parley with the king of These two prelates and the night had a parley with the king of aforesaid king of France, having power and authority from his father FZngland, when they began to open a treaty of peace with him and ngland, when they bean to open a treaty of peace with bin and in this instance, for his father and for himself on the other part, hawv ihis allies. To this treaty the duke of Lancaster, the prince of Wales, been assembled at Bretigny, near Chartres: in which place the abnove..,te earl of March,~ and many other barons were summoned. How. mentioned dissensions, variances and strife were discussed, debated, ever, this treaty was not concluded, though it was discussed for a and finally closed; and the commissioners from us and from our son, longf timue The kings of England krept advanein0 into the country, for us and for him, and the commissioners from our aforesaid brother seekinig for those parts where was the greatest abundance. The,amd nephew, for his father and for himself, did swear upon the holy eommissioners, hike wise men, never quitted the king, nor suffered _______________________________________________________________ ed Evangelists, to preserve, keep and fulfil the aforesaid treaty, as we * Most probably Vexin. Vexin Norman is bounded on one side by the Seine. have also sworn and will swear to whatever is said or concluded ma l The president Henault calls him Gille Aycelin de Montigu, cardinal and bishop of the above treaty. Tlmrooeaee, vol. i. 4ta, p. 26~3. "And in this treaty, among other articles, our brother of Finance: Gallardon —a town in Beauc, diocese asd election of Chartres. ard his son aforesaid, are held and have promised to give up amd st iThis is a mistake, for the earl of March was killed a month prior to this treaty, the sth ofFebruary at Ront'may in Burgundy. —Bktasas. render to us, our heirs and successors for ever, the counties, cities, CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 13 towns, castles, fortresses, lands, islands, rents, and revenues, and other r "Item, the king of England shall have possession of all islands things which follow, with all that we are now in possession of in adjoining to the lands or places above-mentioned, together with all Guienne and Gascony, to hold for ever by us, our heirs and succes- other islands he was possessed of at the time of this treaty. sors, in the same manner that the kings of France have always held "And it has also been discussed, that our aforesaid brother and themin: that which is in demesne in demesne, and that which is in his eldest son should renounce all right and sovereignty which they fief in fief, in such manner as will be hereafter explained; that is to may have over the above-mentioned places, and that we should pos. say, the city, castle and county of Poitiers with all the lands and sess them as a neighbor, without any vassalage or dependence on country of Poitou, together with the fief of Thouars* and the lands our said brother, or on the kingdom of France; and that our brother of Belleville:t the town and castle of Saintes, and all the lands and aforesaid shall give up to us in perpetuity all right and dominion territory of the countyof Saintonge on each side the river Charente, which he Inaty have over the places before mentioned. with the town and fortress of la Rochelle, their appurtenances and "And it has also been discussed, that in like manner we and our appendages; the city and castle of Agen, and the country of Age- said son shall expressly renounce all those things that are not to be nois: the city, town, castle, and all the lands of Perigord, with the given up and surrendered to us by the said treaty, more especially whole country of Periguex: the city and castle of Limoges and the name of king of France, and all right and title to that kingdom, country of Limousin: the city and castle of Cahors and country of and to the homage, sovereignty, and domain of the duchy of Nor. Cahorsin: the city, castle and country of Tarbes, the territory of mandy, the county of Touraine, and the counties of Anjou and the country of Bigorre: the country and lands of Gaure: the city and Maine; and to the sovereignty and homage of the county of Flan. castle of Angoul~me, with all the country of Angoumois: the city ders; and to the sovereignty and homage of the duchy of Brittany and castle of Rodais, and the county and country of Rouergue.: and if (excepting the right of the count de Montfort, and what claim ho there should be any lords in the duchy of Guienne (such as the count may have on that duchy and country of Brittany, which we reserve, de' Foix, the count de Armagnac, the count de I'Isle, the viscount de and by express wor'ds put out of our treaty; saving, however, that Carmain, the count de Perigord, the viscount de Limorges or others,) when we and our aforesaid brother shall come to Calais, we will so that hold any lands within the boundaries of the above.mentioned manage the business, by the advice of able counsellors and other places, they shall be bounden to do us homage, and all other services depu ties, that we will establish.peace and concord between the count and duties due on account of their lands and places in the same man- de Montford and our cousin sir Charles de Blois, who claims and ner as they formerly have performed therp: and we shall rdenter challenges the inheritance of Brittany:, and we renounce whatever upon all that we, or any other kings of England have possessed, as claims we made, or may have made, of any sort whatever, except well as upon these places whence we formerly had received nothing. those things above-mentioned which are to be given to us and our "The viscounty of Montreuil-sur-mer has been also promised to heirs; and we give up and cease firom making any claims on all be given up to us in the same manner as in former times, and all other things, but those which are to be yielded to us. whatsoever we or any other king of England possessed there: and " Upon this subject, after many altercations had taken place, endwhereas there have arisen disputes relative to the division of this ter- ing in a mutual agreement that these renunciations, transportations, ritory, our brother of France has promised, that he will declare it to cessions and aforesaid surrenderings should be made as soon as our be ours as speedily as possible after his return to France. said brother shall have given up to us, or to our people especially " Item, it is also promised that the county of Ponthieu shall be deputed for that purpose, the city and castle of Poitiers, with all the delivered over to us entire, save and except that if anrty part of it territory of Poitou, together with the fief of Thouars and of Belleshould have been alienated by the kings of England who reigned ville: the city and castle of Agen, with all the territory of the Agenbefore us, and were formerly possessors of it and its appurtenances, ois; the city and castle of Perigord, with the territory of Perigueux i to others than the kings of France, neither our aforesaid brother, nor the city and castle of Calbors, with the territory of Cahorsin; the city his successors, shall be bounden to surrender them: and if the said and castle of Rodais, with the territory of Rouergue; the city and alienations have been made to any former kings of France, imme- castle of Saintes, with the territory of Saintonge; the city and castle diately, without passing through a third person, and our aforesaid of Limoges, with ail thie territory of Limousin; and that which we brother be in possession of them, he shall render them wholly up to or other kings of England have held in the town of Montreuil-surus: excepting that if the kings of France have had them from us in mer, with its appurtenances. Item, the whole county of Ponthieu, exchange for other lands, we will deliver up such lands so exchanged: save and except the contents of the article contained in the said but if any of the kings of England at former times should have alien- treaty which makes mention of the said county. Item, the castle ated or disposed of any parts to others than to the kings of France, and town of Calais; the castle, town and lordship of Sangate, Coland it should afterwards have come into the hands of our aforesaid loigne, Ham, Walles, Oye, with the lands, rivers, marshes, rents, brother, he shall not be obliged to surrender them: and if the parts woods, lordships and other things mentioned in the article respecting aforesaid owe homage to us, or our successors, he shall grant them them. Item, the castle, town and entire county of Guines, with all to others, who will pay us that homage; but, if they do not owe the lands, castles, towns, fortresses, places, men, homages, woods, homage, he shall give them to a tenant that shall do us suit and ser- Ilordships, forests and rights, according to the tenor of the article vice, within the year ensuing upon our departure from Calais. which in the treaty makes fuller mention of them, and with the "Item, the castle and town of Calais; the castle, town, and lord- islands adjacent to the said lands, countries and places before men. ship of Merle; the towns, castles, and lordships of Sangato, Cou- tioned, together with those other islands which we are now in the loigne, Ham, Walles, and Oye, with the lands, woods, marshes, rivers, possession of (that is to say,. at the date of this article and of the rents, lordships, advowsons of churches, and all other appurtenances peace.) We, and our brother the Iking of France, have promised by and places lying within the limits and bounds following; that is to faith and oath to each other to preserve and keep this treaty and say, from Calais to the course of the river before Gravelines, and also maintain the peace, and to do nothing against it; and we are bounden, by the course of the river which falls into the great lake of Guines, as us and our said brother the king of France, and our eldest sons before far as Fretun, and from thence by the valley round the mountain of mentioned, by obligation and promise and by faith and oath to each Chalk, inclosing that mountain, and as far as the sea, including San- other pledged, to make certain renunciations one to the other acec rd. gate and all its appurtenances. ing to the form and tenor of the aforesaid article of peace. "Item, the king of England shall also possess the castle, town, Item, it is agreed, that the king of France and his eldest son the and the whole county of Guines, with all its castles, towns, fortresses, regent, for them and for their heirs for ever, shall as soon as possible, woods, lands, men, homages, lordships, forests, rights, as completely and without any double dealing, at the latest within the feast of St. as the last count of Guines, lately deceased, held it during his life: Michael next ensuing, dtliver up and give to the king of England, and the churches and good men, being within the boundaries of the his heirs and successors, and convey to them the honors, royalties, said county and other places above mentioned, shall obey him in the services, homages, allegiances, vassalages, fiefs, obediences, acknow. same manner as theydid our aforesaid brother, the count of Guines, ledgments, oaths, rights, seizures, and all manner of jurisdictions, for that time. All these things comprehended in the present article, both criminal and civil, appeals, securities, lordships and sovereignties and in the preceding one of Merle and Calais, we shall hold in de- which appertained, now appertain, or may hereafter appertain to the mesne, excepting the inheritances and possessions of the churches, kings or to the crown of France, or to any other person on account which shall remain wholly to the said churches, wherever they may of the king or for the aforesaid crown of France, in whatever time it be situated; and also except the inheritances of the other people of may have been, in the cities, towns, castles, fortresses, islands, couinthe countries of Merle and Calais, as far as the value of one hundred tries and places before named, or in any one of them, their appur. pounds a-year in land, according to the current coin of the country; tenances and appendages, wherever they may be, whether held by which inheritances shall remain to them of the abovesaid value and princes, dukes, counts, viscounts, archbishops, bishops, abbots or other under; but the habitations and inheritances in the town of Calais, prelates of the church, barons, knights, nobles or others whomsoever, and their appurtenances, shall remain in demesne to us, for us to without reserve to themselves, their heirs and successors, or to the order and do as we please with them: and also all the possessions crown of France, or to any other person whatever: nor shall they of the householders and inhabitants of the county and town of Guines challenge or demand, at any future period, anything of the above shall remain to them, and shall be restored fully, save and except from the king of England, his heirs or successors, or from any one what is said and declared relative to the bounds and frontiers above of his vassals or subjects aforesaid, in any one of the places or co'an. mentioned, in the article of Calais. tries before-mentioned, in behalf of the king or crown of France. Tua-nna nThus, therefore, all the before-named persons, and their heirs and ~ ThoPUarS —n ancient city on a hill, and on the river Thoue, sixteen leagues from successors, shall be liege men and subjects of the king of England, Poitiers. t Belleville. There are two villages in Poitou of this name-one neet Niort, the other his heirs and successors for ever; and they shall hold and keep all ~ear les Sables d'Olonne. persons, cities, counties, lands, islands, castles and.places before 132 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. mentioned, with all their appurtenances and appendages, and shall made, shall be reported to our holy father the pope, that it may bo remain tully and peaceably for ever in their lordship, sovereignty, decreed that no one should be bounden to keep such oaths or con. obedience, loyalty and subjection, as the preceding kings of France ventions; and if, in fact, any one attempted to act contrary, thby had and kept them in former times: and the aforesaid king of Eng- shall from this moment be broken and annulled, and of no weight. land, his heirs and successors, shall and will maintain, peaceably and nevertheless we shall punish such by corporal punishment and confisperpetually, all the countries before-named in full freedom and liberty cations, as violators of the peace, if the case should require it, or il for ever, as sovereign and liege lord, and neighbor to the king of should appear reasonable: and if we should encourage or suffer any France and said kingdom of France, without acknowledging any thing to be done hurtful to the peace (which God forbid i) we are wil sovereignty or paying any obedience, homage, jurisdiction or sub- ling to be counted as liars and disloyal, and also to suffer in this case jection, and in time to come without doing any service or acknow- such blame and disrepute as a sacred cing ought to undergo for such ledgment to the king or crown of France for the cities, counties, conduct: and we swear upon the body of JEsus CHRisT to conclude, castles, lands, territories, islands, places and persons before-named, maintain, and keep the aforesaid treaty, and neither by ourselves nor or for any one of them. by others, to depart from it for any cause or reason whatsoever. And Item, it is agreed, that the king of France and his eldest son in order that these premises may be concluded and maintained, we shall expressly renounce the said jurisdictions and sovereignties, and bind ourselves, our heirs, our property, and the properly of our heirs, all those things which by this present treaty ought to belong to the over to our said brother the king of France, and to his heirs, and king of England; and in like manner the king of England and his swear by the holy Evangelists, bodily touched by us, that we will eldest son shall renounce all those things which, by this present complete, conclude, and preserve (according to the articles aforesaid) treaty, are not to be granted to the king of England, and all those all the preceding conditions by us promised and agreed to, as is beclaims he made on tihe king of France, and particularly the title, fore mentioned. And we will, that in case our brother, or his depuright, and arms, and the challenge he made of. the crown and king- ties at the place and time, and in the manner before stated, do his dom of France; the homage, sovereignty and domain of the duchy duty, that from that time our present letters, and whatever is compreof Normandy, of the county of Touraine, the counties of Anjou and hended in them, should have as much force, effect, and vigor as any Maine, and the sovereignty and homage of the county and territory of our other letters shall have that have been promised and granted of Flanders, and all other claims which the king of England made by us, as has been already said: saving, however, and reserving for at the time of the aforesaid challenge, and might make in times to us, our heirs and successors, that the letters above incorporated shall come upon the said realm of France, through any reason whatever, have no effect, or be of any prejudice or damage until our said except those things which by the present treaty are granted to the brother and nephew shall have performed, sent, and given the above king of England and his heirs; and they will convey, surrender, renunciations, in the manner before specified; and therefore they and yield, one king to the other, in perpetuity, all the right which shall not avail themselves of them against us, our heirs and successors, each has or may have on all those things and places which by the in any manner but in the case above-mentioned. present treaty are to remain or to be granted to each of them; and " In testimony of which, we have caused our seal to be put to with regard to the time and place when these renunciations are to these present letters, given at Calais this twentieth day of October, be made, the two kingos will consult each other, and order it when in the year of grace and of our Lord one thousand three hundred they shall be at Calais together. and sixty." And because also our said brother of France and his eldest son, When this private charter (which is called letter of renunciation, in order to maintain and keep the said articles of peace and agree. as well from one king as the other) was written, engrossed, nnd ment aforesaid, have expressly renounced'the jurisdictions and sove- sealed, it was read and published generally in the council chamber, reignties comprised in the said articles to all rights which they had when the two above-named kings were present with their counselor might have had on all the above-mentioned things which our said lors. It appeared to each to be handsome, good, well dictated and brother has granted, delivered, and abandoned to us, and in those well ordered; and then again the two said kings and their two said other things which henceforward ought to aplertain and belong to eldest sons, swore upon the holy Evangelists, bodily touched by us by the said treaty of peace. We, among these said things, them, and upon the sacred body of JEsus CHRIST, to conclude, keep renounce expressly all those which are not to be granted to us, for and maintain, and not to infringe any of the articles included in it. ourselves and our heirs, and all those claims which we made or Afterwards, by the advice and deliberation of the king of France might make on our said brother of France, and especially to the and his council, and toward the end of the conference, the king of title and right to the crown of France and the sovereignty of that England was requested to make out and give a general commission kingdom, and to the homage, sovereignty, and domain of the duchy to all those who for the time, and under shadow of the war held of Normandy, the counties of Anjou, Maine, and Touraine; and to towns, castles and forts in the kingdom of France, that they may the.sovereignty and homage of the county and territory of Flanders; have knowledge of what had passed, with orders to give thens up and other claims which we made, or might have made, on our said and quit them. The king of England, who was sincerely desirous brother, for whatever cause there might be, save and except that of maintaining a good understanding and peace between himself which by this present treaty is to remain to us and our heirs: and and the king of France, his brother, as he had before sworn and we yield, abandon, and give up to him, and he to us, mutually to promised, readily acceded to this request, which he thought reason. each other, in the securest way we can, all the rights which each able. He ordered his people to make it out in the clearest manner of us may have, or may have had in all things, which by the said they could, to the satisfaction of the king of France and his council. treaty are to be respectively granted to each of us: reserving to the The most able of the,counsellors of the two kings aforesaid, united, churches and to churchmen that which appertains or may appertain and then was drawn up, written and engrossed by the advice of each to them; and all that which has been occupied or detained of their other, a commission, the tenor of which is underneath. prolperty, on account of the wars, shall be made good and restored " Edward, by the grace of GOD, king of England, lord of Ireland to them. The towns, fortresses, and all dwellings of the inhabitants, and of Aquitaine, to all our captains, governors of towns and castles, shall retain and enjoy such liberties and franchises as before they adherents and allies, being in parts of France, as well as in Picardy, came into our hands; and, if required, they shall be confirmed by in Burgundy, in Anjou, in Berry, in Normandy, in Brittany, in Auour said brother of France, if not contrary to what has been already vergne, in Champagne, or Maine, in Touraine, and within the boundaagreed on. ries and limits of France, greeting, As peace and concord is now " And with regard to ourselves, we submit all things belonging to sstablished between us, our allies and adherents on the one Ijart, us, our heirs and successors, to the jurisdiction and coercion of the and our dear brother the king of France his allies and adherents on church of Rome, and are willing and desirous that our holy father the other part, in regard to all quarrels or discords which we may the pope should confirm all these things by giving monitions and have had in times past; and having sworn upon the body of JEsvs gentle mandates, for the accomplishment of them against ourselves, CHRIST, as well our dear eldest son and others our children, and those our heirs and successors, our commonalty, colleges, universities, or of our blood, as likewise many prelates, barons and knights, and the any particular persons whatsoever, and by giving general sentences principle men of our kingdom; and also our said brother, and our of excommunication, suspension or interdict, which we may incur nephew the duke of Normandy, and our other nephews his children, by ourselves or by them, by this act, when we shall, either by our- with many barons, knights and prelates of the said kingdom of selves or by others, infringe the peace, by taking or occupying any France, to maintain and firmly keep the peace: and as it may fall town or castle, city or fortress, or in anything else, by giving advice, out or happen that some warriors from our kingdom, or other of our aid, or assistance, public or private, against the said peace; from subjects, may endeavor to do or undertake things contrary to the which sentences they cannot be absolved until they shall have made said peace, by taking or detaining forts, towns, cities and castles, or full satisfaction to all those who by this act shall have sustained or in pillaging and arresting persons, and taking from them their goods, might sustain any damage. And with this we desire and consent, merchandise or other things, acting against the said peach (the that by our holy father the pope (in order that the same may more which will sorely displease us, and we will not suffer it, nor pass it firmly be kept, maintained, and observed for ever) all the agree- over under any sort of dissembling;) We, willing to remedy these ments, confederations, alliances and conventions, under whatever aforesaid things with all our power, wish, desire and ordain, by name they may be, in case they become prejudicial or inimical to the the deliberation of our council, that none of our subjects, or allies, said peace in the present moment or hereafter (supposing they were whatever their state or condition may be, do, or endeavor to do, closed under penalties and by oaths, and confirmed by our holy father anything contrary to the said peace, by pillaging, taking, or detainthe pope or others,) should be broken and annulled as contrary to ing forts, persons, or goods of any sort in the kingdom of France, or the public welfare, to the good of the peace, unprofitable to all Chris- belonging to our said brother, his subjects, allies or adherents whomtendorm. &nd displeasing to God: and that all oaths, in such a case soever. And in case there should be found anm one that acts co CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 133 Irary to this said peace, and who does lot cease from so doing, nor natural,) testified most heartily to the king of England every proof renders back the damages he may have committed, within the space of that affection which he had for him and for his nephew the prince of one month from the time he shall be required so to do by any of of Wales: the king of England made an equal return: and, for a qur officers, sergeants or public persons, for this act alone, without stronger confirmation of their friendship, the two kings (who by the other suit or condemnation, he shall be reputed banished from our articles called each other Brother) gave to fourknights of each party realm and from our protection, as well as from the kingdom and eight thousand francs, French money of revenue; that isto say, two'erritories of our said brother; all his goods confiscated and sub- thousand to each. And because thelands of St. Sauveurle Vicomte,in 3ected to our governance; and if he should be found in our king- Coutantin, came to the king of England from sir Godfrey de Hardom, we command and expressly will, that punishment should be court by the sale the said sir Godfrey had made of them to the king, inflicted on him, as a rebel and traitor to us according to the cus- as has been before related in this history, and that the said lands',mary punishment for leze majest6, without any pardon, grace or were not included in the articles of peace, it was necessary for those remission: and we will that the same be done to our subjects, of who should hold the said lands to do homage and service to the king whatever condition they may be, who, in our kingdom on either side of France: the king of England, therefore, had reserved and given of the sea, shall seize, occupy or detain any forts whatever, contrary it to sir John Chandos, who had done him and his children many to the will of those to whom they belong; or who shall burn or ran- notable services; and the king of France, through his great affection soru towns or persons, and shall pillage or be guilty of robberies, or and love, confirmed and sealed it, at the entreaty of the king of Eng..who shall stir up war within our realm against our subjects. land, to the said sir John Chaundos, as his right and lawful inheritance We therefore order, command and expressly enjoin all our senes- It is a very fair estate, and worth full sixteen hundred francs of chals, bailiffs, provosts, captains of castles or others our officers, yearly rent. under pain of incurring our high displeasure, and of losing their offi- In addftion to these things, many other letters and alliances were ces, that they proclaim, or cause to be proclaimed, tnese presents in made, of which I cannot relate the particulars; for, during the fifteen the most public places of their districts, bailiwicks, provostships and days or thereabouts, that the two kings, their children and their castlewicks; and that no one, after having seen and heard this proc- counsellors, were at Calais, there were every day conferences, and,amation, remain'in any fort which belongs to the kingdom of new ordinances made, strengthening and confirming the peace; and, France, except according to the tenor of the treaty of peace, under moreover, other deeds were drawn up, without annulling or changing pain of being considered as an enemy to us and to our aforesaid the former ones; and they were all made to one date, as more sure brother the king of France; and that they, in all the aforesaid points, and certain, of which I have seen copies in the chanceries of the conform to, preserve and make to be strictly observed in every par- two kings. ticular. And be it known to all, that if they fail, or are negligent, When everything relative to the peace had been so concluded and in addition to the punishment aforesaid, we will make them pay the settled, that no one could think of any means to strengthen or amend losses to all those who through their fault or neglect may have been it, and that nothing could be devised to add to the strong alliance aggrieved, or suffered any loss; and with this we will punish them between the two kings and their children, which bound them, and in such a manner that they shall be an example to all others: in testi- by which they had sworn to maintain the peace from being infringed, mony whereof, we have had these letters patent drawn up, given at which was indeed kept, as you will hereafter see in reading this Calais the 24th day of October, in the year of grace and of our book; and that those who were to be the hostages for the redempLord 1360." tion of the king of France were arrived at Calais, whom the king o01 England had sworn to guard in peace in England, until the six hundred thousand francs* were paid to the deputies of the king of C H A P T E R C C X III. England, that king gave to the king of France a most magnificent TilE TRANSACTIONS OF THE TWO KINGS OF FRANCE AND ENGLAND, wHEN and grand supper in the castle of Calais: it was well arranged; and AT CALAIS, RESPECTING THE DUCHY OF BRITTANY AND SOME LANDS OF the children of the king, and the duke of Lancaster with the greatest THE LATE GODFREY DE HARCOURT. RING JOHN SETS OUT FROMt CALAIS barons of England, waited bare-headed. After this supper, the two AND RETURNS HOME IN FREEDOM. noble kings took final leave of each other, in a most gracious and WHEN all these letters had been drawn up, and the different com- affectionate inanner, and the king of France returned to his hotel. missions delivered, which were mutually done by the advice and to On the morrow, which was the vigil of St. Simon and St. Jude, the satisfaction of each other, there was some conversation respecting the king of France set out from Calais, with all'those of his party wh eeto copn i~he king of France sent outn'mClas i fo'hoeof i at, sir Charles de Blois and sir John de Montfort, and the state of Brittany, who were to accompany hi. The ing of France went on foot, who welriae to aourpady ofBolon.~ The pring of Franes wend nfo, for each of them claimed it as their right of inheritance: and though i pilrimae to our Lady of Boulogne.'he prince of Wales and there was a conference holden, how these matters could be settled his two brothers, Lionel and Edmund, accompanied him: and in nothing was definitely done; for, as I have since been informed, the this manner they arrived, befoe dinner, at Boulogne, where they thsmner they arivedwt greatfoy.Te dinner of Noulogndy wahf-ere te king of England and his party had no great desire of agreeing to it. were received with great joy. The dke of Normandy was trere weren frecie wthe whenallt jyhes a~ k fNoresaidylrd wasonfott ther They presumed, that henceforward, all men-at-arms attached to them waiting for them, when all these aforesaid lords went on foot to the waitin ofour LayofBulgem, whenrel these madeoresidordswn onffoototh would be obliged to surrender every fort and strong place which they church of our Lady of Boulgne, where they made their orings at present held and possessed in the kingdom of France, nd tat most devoutly, and afterwards returned to the abbey at Boulogne, they would retire to whatever parts they chose; it was therefore which had been prepared for the reception of the kig of France and much better and more profitable that these warriors and pillaers the pnces of England. They remaed there that day, and on the fhelprince oEnigladhey retuined t therein thei ater dayanlo theslod should retire into the duchy of Brittany, which is one of the richest followg night retned to the ing teir father. All these lords and best foraging countries in the world, than that they should come crossed the sea together with the hostages fron France: it was the to England, which might be pillaged and robbed by them. vigil of All-Saints, in the year 1360. It is proper that I shouldname This consideration made the English shortly break up the confer- the nobles of France who went to England as hostages for the king th olsof France.Frt i who duen tof Engleansd aso hostgsfo the laeking ence respecting Brittany. It was a pity, and ill done that it so hap- of France. First, sir Philip, due of Orleans, son of the late king pened; for, if the two kings had been in earnest, peace would have Philip of France; his two nephews, the dukes of Anjou and Berry been established, by the advice of'their counsellors, between the after them the duke of Bourbon, the count d'Alenqon, sir Jc4m d'Esparties, and each would have held what should have been given him. tampes, Guy do Blois, for his brother the count Louis do Blois: the Sir Charles de Blois would have recovered his children, who were count de St. Pol, the count do Harcourt, the count dauphin of Au. prisoners in England, and pilobably have lived longer than he did. verge; sir Enguerrart, lord of Coucy sir John do Ligny; the count As nothing was done at this conference, the wars in Normandy were do Porcien, the count de Breme, the lord of Montmorency, the lord deo Rovcen, the lount of Bremex, the lord ofstoutmoevily, t he lorddeCmore bitterly carried on than before the peace we have just spoken of oy, the lord of Peaux, the lord dEstoutevile, the lord d - ofRythe lord deSt renaux, the lord deslatoutrvl~e, ute rdne adeCof (as you will hear in the continuance of this history,) and even ritz, the lord d St. Vnant, the lord d a Tour dAuvergne, and between the knights and barons of Brittany who had supported many others, but I cannot name them all. There were also from different interests. * This seems a nistake; for in the fourteenth article ofrtthe peace of Bretigny in 130, The duke of Lancaster (who was a valiant and discreet knight, in Rymer, particular mention is made of the value of the crown, two of which shall he fall of devices, and who too strongly loved the count de Montfort worth an EAglish noble. and his advancement) then addressed himself to the king of France, 14th article.-" It is agreed that the king of France shall pay to the king of England in the presence of the king of England and the greater part of the three millions of cerowns of gold, two of wihich shall be of the value of an English obl. "And there shall be paid to the satid king of England, or his deputies, six hundred counsellors: "Sire, the truces of Brittany, which were made and thousand crowns at Calais, in fourteenths, from the time the king of Fvrance shall he at agreed to before Rennes, will not expire before the first of the ensu- Calais. ing month of May; then, or within that time, the king our Lord "And within the next year ensuing, there shall be paid four hundred thousand crowni ofte above value, in the city of London. will send, by the advice of his council, persons from him, and firorn of te oe i te city of or. "And from thenceforwvvard, every following year, fiour hundred thousand crowns, lik, his son-in-law the young duke, sir John de Montfort, to you in France, tthe Above, sfllo t e paid i te said cit, until s time as the aresaid three mil ZD to ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~the stove, sati Ire paid ir tire said city, osrtii soIcir time ao the aforesairdtreri and they shall have power and authority to explain and declare those lions shAll be 1aid." rights the said sir John claims from the inheritance of his father in Accordini to Cotgrave, a noble in his timre was worth fifteen shillingis. the d.achy of Brittany, and accept them in such manner as you, your t Froiosartsoorro ts tre seen irrtakrs ri to tie drip kirg bun left Calais, wheo he say's it wls She eve of St. Simnri and St. Jude, the 27th October; for in an ancient stats counsellors and ours assembled together, shall ordain; for grorter of Brittaoy by Nrclris Vi'rrier. page ih, there is aletter from king Jirh, dated safety, it is proper the truces should be prolonged until the feast of Boulogne-sur-0er, October 26, 1360. St. John the Baptist next ensuing." All this was agreed to, as the $ In the fifteenthi article, ir Ryrrrer, theo are mientioned as underneath: duke of' Lancaster had proposed, and then the lords conversed on MonsieurLoui- courts ii Arrirr Ri..ie, mts do Poitiers le duc dOrleano Is ducde oBourbon; le comte de Htnis, ou sin fiere: le coimte d'Alencon. noi M NI;"'rq.efif~erent matterskewho had a great desire to return to France (as was Areon son Irere' le coite ae'osier; re comte e Va einetias':e cointe de Breme; King John, wholhad a great desire to return to France (as was 1~ comte de Vaudrelontn le cornte deo Forez; le vicompte de Beaumont; le sire d2 $4 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. the good city of Paris, from Rouen, Rheims, Bourges in Berry, Tours excuses) felt great pity for them; he wrote, therefore, very affec. in Touraine, Lyons upon the Rh6ne, Sens in Burgundy, Orleans, tionate letters, and sent to inform them, that it was necessary they Troyes in Champagne, Amiens, Beauvais, Arras, Tournay, Caen in should obey, or otherwise the peace would be infringed, which Normandy, St. Omer, L'Isle, Douay, friotom each city two or four would be too prejudicial to the kingdomll of France. When the nurgesses, who all crossed the sea, and shortly arrived in London.* inhabitants of La Rochelle received these letters, and saw the situa. The king of England commanded all his officers, under pain of tion they were in, that neither excuses, prayers nor entreaties, were incurring his displeasure, to behave courteously to all these lords and of any avail, they obeyed; but it was sore against their inclinations. their attendants,rnd to preserve peace between them and his subjects, The principal persons of the town said, "We will honor and obey as they were under his special, care. The king's orders were strictly the English, but our hearts shall never change." obeyed in every respect; and the hostages were allowed to enjoy Thus had the kilng of Enguland seisin and possession of the duchy themselves, without any danger or molestation, in the city of London of Aquitaine, the counties of Poitou and Guignes, and of all those and its neighborhood. The lords followed the chase or hawking, lands which he was to have beyond the sea, that is to say in the according to their pleasure, and rode out as they pleased to visit the kingdom of France, which were given to him by the articles of the ladies without any constraint, for the king was right courteous and peace. T'his year sir.John Chandos crossed the sea, as regent and amiable. lieutenant of the king of England, to take possession of adI the lands We will now speak a little of the king of France on his arrival at aforesaid, and receive the faith; fidelity and homage of the counts, Boulogne, after he had quitted Calais. viscounts barons, k'nights, towns and castles; he instituted every. where senesclals, bailiffs and officers, according to his will, and fixed his residence at Niort. CHAPT T: C CC XIV. Sir John kept at noble and great establishment; and he had the CIeans of doing it; for the king of England, who loved him much, COMMISSIONERS APPOINTED ON BOTH SIDES TO SEE THE GARRISONS IN TITE wvished it should be so. He was certainly worthy of it; fbr he wias KINGDOMi OF FRANCE EVAOUATED. DIFFERENT BODIES OF ARMED MEN a sweet-tempered knight, courteous, benign, amiable, liberal, coursaOVERRUN TIIE KINGDOM, AND no MUCH MISCIIEF. geous, prudent and loyal in all affairs, and bore himself vaiantly on Tir king of France did not remain long at Boulogne, but set out every occasion: there was none more beloved and esteemed by the knights and ladies of his time. soon after All-saints, and went to Montreuil and Hesdin: he con- kights and ladies of his time. While the commissioners and deputies of the king of England tinued his journey until he came to Amiens; and wherever he passed eiinar he was most magnificently and honorably received. After he had were taking sei ad possession of the aforesaid laids, according remained at Amiens until Christmas wag passed, he set out for Paris to the articles of peace, other commissioners and deputies were on the frontiers of France with commissioners fi'om that kcing, ordering when hlie was solemnly and reverently met by all the clergy of Paris, t all men-at.arms, who were garrisoned in the different castles and and conducted to the Palace,i'where he dismounted, as did sir Philipalrieatrmwovregrsndiithdfeetcate d and conducted to the Palace,t~ where he dismounted, as did sir Phili p forts of France, to evacuate and surrender thern to the kincg of France, his son, and all the nobles who accompanied him. The dinner was n under pain of confiscation and death. The}'e were some knig'hits grandly magnificent, and the tables well covered; but I can never de pin of cofiscation ad death. Thee wer some hts tell how warmly the king of France was received on his return to ard squires attached to England who obeyed, ard surrendercrd or his kingdom, by all sorts of people, for he was much wished for. de their c pano s uender such forts as they held but iicr wede otheirsh wouldanions o'brey, sayih fotshats they head: bade werei They made him rich gifts and presents, and the prelates and barons were others who would not obey, saying that they had nade wr in the name of the king of Navarre. There were also some fi'om of the realm feasted and entertainedi him as became his condition the n e of the ing o Nvre. ere ere alo o fom and the king gave them a most gracious reception. and the kirig gave threnin a nioss gracious reception. different countries, who were great captains and pillagers, that woid Soon after king Johnli was returned to France, the commissioners'ot, on sny account, leave the country; such as Germans, Brabart. appointed by the king of England crossed the sea, to take possesso Flemngs, Haiaulters, Gscons and bad Frencmen, who ad n ~~~~~~~~~~~been impoverished by the war: these persons persevered in their of the lands, countries, counties, bailiwicks, cities, towns and castles, been inesad d the war: these person persevered ii their that were to be given up to hinm, according to the articles of the wicedness, and did afterward r much mischief to the kinedotm peace. But this was not so soon accomplished; for many of the pwh athe captains of the frts h hndsomely dwhvered thema nobles in Languedoc at first absolutely refused to obey them, or to p ith all they contied, they rche off, and i tie plai, surrender themselves to the Icing of England, though the king, of: surr~ender theselves to e ing of nglnd, though the kin of the disillssed their people: but those who had beeni so long nccusFrance had acquitted them of their fidelity and homage to hin:i for ted to pillge, no ng ell ht their retur oe oid t o 1~~~ aomdv toplageou knorwtieng wel that the iigtprlap retuern forewl nth bad they thought it highly contrary and adverse to their interests to be v geo or te, ut that they might perhaps suff r the ad obliged to obey the English. The countde la Marche, the count d cis they had coniitted, asembled together, d chose new Perigord, the count de Comminges, the viscount de Chatillon, the lenders from te wxorst disposed among theis. They then rode oil, viscount de Carmaing, the lord of Pincornet, in particular, wvth one pantyfollowinig tile other, aid made their first stand in Burgundy one Cmpagrty folwinhei other, anpd made theinr firstsand in Burgundy many others in the distant countries, wondered nmuch that the king ad Champagne, vhere they formed large squadrons ard companies, wn hampgne wherecle thcyLte-ormers beause sqados yetdtceyhadibs, of France should force them from his jurisdiction. Others said, itI was not in his power thus to free them; and it was not in his right little pillsged that part of the kiigdom of Frnce They suddenly lttlcae before tand patook the figort of Francle.~ wThgeyt wsudtdenlyt so to do; for, as they were Gascons, they had very old charters and c bee and took the fort of Joinil t eat eal in it, privileges from the noble Charlemagne (who was king of France,) which the whole country nours had buougit totller, coifiding in which placed them under the jurisdiction of his court, and of no other, the strength of the phace. When thesee troops found sucin riches as te srent vaue ath pace. Whed theetoopsa[ond frnsuc tr ividdei as.on On which account, these lords would not at first yield obedience to we valued at a huded thousand frnc tey ivie it ang the commissioners; but the king of France, who wished to uphold then as far as it would go, and held the castle fur a tinc, from and maintain what he had sworn and sealed, sent thither his dear whence they scoured all the country of Chimotisne, the bishopricS cousin sir James de Bourbon, who appeased the greater part of these of Verdni, Toul and Langres: but, xIen they h'iJ plundered sufliof Verdun,'Foul and Langres: but, when they had pl~undered sufii.fl nobles; and those who were bounden became liege men to the king cienty, they departed, ard sold the castle of oinville to he inhb of England; such as the count d'Armagnac, the lord d'Albret, and itt of the country for one thousand frnca te many others, who at the entreaties of the king of France and of sir They then entered Burgundy, vhere te reosed amd refrenhd James de Bourbon, obeyed, but very unwihlingly. lothemselves until they were all collected, and did niany bad and vil. On the other hand, it was very displeasing to the barons, knights lis actions; fur they hd mong the oe nit ad sures and inhabitants of the towns on the sea-coast, and in the country of of that country, wno radvised ard conducted threm. I'o ey nemaB auned Poitou, the Rochellois and all Saintonge, that they should be given some tie in the neighborhood of Beano, Dijon ad ene de1= ~~~~~~spoiling everywhere, for none went out to -oppose them. They- also up to the English: in particular those in the town of La Rochelle spoiling everyxvrre, fwor none went outi to -opslseonw h heiy also would not consent to it; they made frequent excuses, and would not, took the good ton of Guerhey in the u, which thy ced, for upward of a year, suffer any Englishmen to enter their town. deined for a tie near Vegy, on account of tIe f of The letters were very affecting which they wrote to the king of tht country. Their isutnibers were perpetually increasi ndrd fo a dse France, beseeching him, by the love of God, that he would never quitted the castles and tons on their beig surdered ad liberate them from their fidelity, nor separate them from his govern- xi were disiaided by their captains, came into those parts; so ment and place them in the hands of strangers; for they would pre- that by Lent they anouited to at least sixteen thousand cossibatits. thatb ent they amountd t oi numlerst soixmtee thousandpombtnts. fer being taxed every year one half of what theywere worth, rather he ty o d their nmber so grat, tey appoited mny than be in the hands of the English. The king of France (who cptains, whom all obeyed implicithy. I am able to name some of chi rapteisho alloeadersad imiirty. kigh frm Gableto called sir o knew their good will and loyalty, and had frequently received their teir eatest leders; and first, a nght fom ascony, called sir _ Seouin de Batefol, who had under his conmmand two thousand con. batants. There were also Tailebert Tallabaton, Guy du Pin, Espi. Coiici; le sire de Frenles; le sire de Preaus; le sire de St. VenaLnt; le sire de Gaun. ~rines; le dauphin d'Auvergne; le sire de Hangest; le sire de Montmorency; monsire ote, le petit Mechin, Battailler, Hannequin Frangois, le Bourgll de Guillaume de Craon nionmsire Louis de Harcourt; monsire Jean de Ligny. l'Espare, Nandoz de Bauguerant, le Bourgcamus, he Bourg de BreCtslonis. Chartres, Toulouse, Compiegune, rire mentioned, in addition to tllosof teuih, ha Nuyt, Arbrethoury the Scot, Bourdonielle the Gerisans, Ber Froisunart, in tins treaty inn ttymer. Palace. —i beliese tune kinn of Franoe's palace it thnat timne was the hItel du Nele niard de ha Salhe, Robert Briquet, Carsielle, Aine.enon mlOrtige, Garsio I finud, by Villaret's Ihistory, that hie wuas lodges tlere after hirs corontations t Rheimins. dU Chateh, Gironet du Pasux; l'Ortinigo de ha Salle, and many others This h1 tel was b uil t on thte b ofnths of the Seise, w here the hste N de Nuevers wnsiafterwards constructedl, and nearly upon the site whtich tine Colldge Mazarin and the hmtel dle Csniti mucw occupy. 3e Conti now occupy. ".T~~~~~~~~~'* oinville —aLn ancient town in Chanmnaone, on the Marnme diocese ofCh~lon3s This hgtel must be distinguished firom another hdtel de Nesle, which wuas built at the 1 Limi Berners says, fo!' 20,000 fi'ancs. —En). same time. This secondl histel de Neslt was situated on the moot where the h~tel de $ A viilage in Champagne, near Joigsry. geniiirsa6 wan b~irt antS muhich wan demohmohied ~'~17t VcXrgy —-m village of Burgundy, bailiwick of Nuits. notfe is CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 135 These leaders, about the middle of Lent, resolved that they would CHAPTER CCXV. advance with their forces toward Avignon, and pay a visit to the pope and cardinals. They therefore traversed the countryof Bur- THE LORD JAMES D URBN ND IS ARMY ARE DEFEATED B THESE gundy and Mascon, making for the rich and fertile country of Fo- FREEBOOTING COMPANIES. THE POPE ORDERS A CROISADE TO BE roretp, and for Lyons situate on the Rh6ne. When the king of France CLAIMED, AFTER THEY HAVE TAKEN THE FONT DU ST. ESPRIT, ANR was informed in what manner these freebooting troops overran and FINDS MEANS TO GET RID OF THEM. pillaged his kingdom, he was mightily enraged. It was stated, by. TE men-at-arms, assembled under the lord James de Bourbon, t3 n M ~~~~~~~~~~~~TeE men-at-arms, assembled under the lord James de Bourbon, special orders of the council, to his majesty, that unless these bands were in the city of Lyons upon the Rh6ne, when they heard that were repressed, they would multiply so much and do such mischief, these companies were approaching in great strenth, and had taken these companies were approaching~ in great strength, and had taken to judge from what they had already done, that the kingdom of M' to judge from wht they had already done, that the kingdom of by assault the town and castle of Brignais, as well as several others, France would suffer equally as during the war with the English. and were pillaging and ruining the whole country. This was very The council, therefore, advised the king to send a sufficient force to unpleasant news to the lord James, who had taken the management unpleasant news to the lord James, who had taken-the management fi.~ht them. The koings in consequence wrote especial letters to his r iht them The king in consequence wrote especial letters to his of the estates of the county of Foretz for his nephews, as well as to cousin the lord James de Bourbon* (who was at that time in the all the other chiefs. They immediately took the field, and were a town of Montpelier, and had lately put sir John Chandos in full pos- numerous body of men-at-arms, knights and squires. They sent out session of the cities, lands, towns and castles of the duchy of Gui- their scouts for intelligence respecting these companies, to know enne, as has been before n mentioned,) ordering him to put himself at where they were, that they might find them. the head of the force that was to be sent against these freebooters, I must now mention the grand trick which these free companie and to take a sufficient nulmber of men-at-arms to give them combat. played They were encamped upon a high mountahnr on the sum When the lord James de Bourbon received these orders, he set off mit ofpad T yere enapduo ihmutin theu reity of which there was a plain that could not be seen: in this place immediately for the city of Agen,t without stopping anywhere, and imfr~mediately f t Agent ainywhele, nn they had posted the geater part of their army, and permitted the sent off letters and messengers to the nobles, knights, and squires, French scouts to come so near, they could have taken them if they requiring, in the king's name, their instant attendance. Every one hd chosen it, but they were llowed to retrn unhurt. They in. y ZD city ~~~~~~~had chosen it, but they were allowed to return unhurt.'k They in. most willingly obeyed his orders, and followed him to the city of formed the lord James de Bourbon, the count d'Usez, the lord RegiLyons; for he was eager to fight with these wicked people. The Lyn orhwsaert fhwh e inald de Foretz, and those lords who had sent them, all they had oblord James of Bourbon was much beloved throughout the kingdom lord James of Bourbon was much beloved throughout the kingdo served and heard, adding, "We have seen the companies drawn up of France, and all most cheerfully obeyed his orders. Knights and in array upon a hillock, and, according to our understanding, well squires, therefore, came to him from all quarters; from Auvergne, formed; but, having attentively considered them, they cannot be from Limousin, Provence, Savoy and Dauphine' On the other fromd, LmonsinattPvene Svo the duyofBur homther more than five or six thousand men, and seem marvellously ill-armed." hand, many attended him from the duchy of Burgundya, whom the When lord James de Bourbon heard this, he said to the archpriest, young duke of Burgundy had sent to bun. "You told me they amounted to at least sixteen thousand combatThis army began its march, making no halt at Lyons, but advanced ats, and you now hear the contrary." "1My lord," answered he, i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ntsadyounwha the countryoMaryo." The lord, Jamenswered thecut fa into the country of Mascon. The lord James entered the county of,, I still think they are not less in number: if it should be otherwise, Foretz, which was dependent on his sister in right of her children, we may thank God for it, and it is so much the better for us: you for the acount de Foretz was lately dead, and was governed by Reg- will therefore determine what you will do." "In the name of God," inald de Foretz in the interim, who was brother to the late count. said the lord James, "we will go and fight them." The lord James He received the lord James and his company with great joy, and ordered all the banners and pennons to halt immediately, and formed feasted them in the best manner he was able. The two nephews of his battalions in good order to bein the combat, for they saw thei the lord James de Bourbon were at home: hlie presented them to him, enemies before them. He then created many new knights: the firs who received them very graciously, and ordered themn to be postedenmsbfotem Hetncradmayewkih:heir. who receivedo them very graciohsly, and ordered them to be posted was his eldest son Peter, who displayed his banner; his nephew, the nearo his person, that they might aid to defend their country. C, ispesotht ie mgt idtodeen her outr.young count de Foretz, did the same; the lord of Tournon, the lord The free companies were advancing toward this neighborhood; for yde olinier, and the lord de Grosle, in auphin. Among the no. de Molinier, and the lord do Groslbe, in Dauphine. Among the no. those who were at ChAlonsl upon the Sabne and near to Turnus,~ bility, there were, sir Louis and sir Robert de Beaujeu, sir Louis de and n tat frtie cuntr, hvin herdtatte French were as- Chalons, sir Hugh do Vienne, the count d'Usez, and many other and in that fertile country, having heard that the French w ere asCh~lons, sir H-ugh de Vienne, the count d'Usez, and many other sembling an army to fight with them, their captains called a council, worthy knights and squires, eager to advance to the combat, both for to determine what steps thIey should take. They made a muster of their own honor and to destroy these freebooters, who were wasting their troops, and found they amounted, one with another, to sixteen the country without right or reason. The archpriest, whose name thousand combatants. They then resolved to go and meet the French, was Arnaut d Cervohe, was ordered to take the command of the who were so desirous of it, and to offer them battle, in such situations first battalion. He willingly obeyed; for he was an expert aid hardy only as would be for their advantage, but upon no other terms. "If knight, and had under his command about sixteen hundred com. fortune," said they, " should be favorable to us, we may all be rich,batants. y ~~~~~~~~~~~~~batants. and at our ease for a long, time, as well by the valuable prisoners we The freebooters, from their situation on the hill, saw but too clearly shall make, as from the fear we excite; for no more troops will be all these arrangements of the French, who could not see what they hardy enough to come agahinst us: but, if we lose the battle, we shall ary enou to cn o against us: but, if we lose the battle, we shall were about, nor approach them without danger and loss; for there have hard blows for our pay." This resolution was adopted: they were at least a thousand crt-loads of flints ready to e thrown broke up their camp, and marched toward the mountains, in order to against the first assailants by that body of men who appeared so ill. penetrate into the county of Foretz: they came to the river Loire, armed to the scouts. I must mention, that the only way these and, in their road, to a good town called Charlieu,[I in the bailiwick French men-at-arms, who were so desirous to fight the companions of Mascon, which they -surrounded and attacked. They exerted of Mascon, which they surrounded and attacked.'hey exertedat any rate, could approach them, was to ascend sideways the hill on themselves to take it by assault, which employed them a whole day, which they had placed themselves. When they, therefore, attempted but they could do nothing, for it was well defended and guarded by this those who were on the hill began to throw down on them the the gentlemen of the country, who had flung themselves into the town; otherwise it would have been won. They then marched off stones and flints, of which they had made so large a provision that Ithey had only to stoop and pick them up: and, having full time to, and revenged themselves on the estates of the lord of Beaujeu, which aim then well, they wdunded and killed many, so that others were were near, and where they did very considerable mischief, and en- afraid to push forward. This advanced battalion was sveely tered the diocese of Lyons. ~~~afraid to push forward.' This advanced battalion was so. severely~' Aered the diocese of Lyons. tokal salrftnldg treated, it was not of any good use afterwards. The other battalions As they advanced, they took all the smaller forts, and lodged marched to its succor, under the lord James de Bourbon, his son and themselves in them, and did much damage wherever they passed. his nephews, with their banners, and many other respectable gentle. They took a castle, and a lard and lady in it; which castle was nien, who rushed on to their own destruction, so that it was a pity called Brignais,'If and is situate on the Rh6ue, three leagfues from ncalled Brignais, and is situate on the Rhhne, three lenaes from they had not formed better plans, or listened to wiser counsel.'The, Lyons9. There they halted and took up their quarters, for they were Lyons. There they halted and tool up their quarters, far they were archpriest and some other knights had truly said, they were going to;.nformed that the French army was drawn out in the plain in order fight with these companions at a disadvantage, with certaii loss,. ofbattle. considering the situation they had chosen for themselves. They advised waiting until they should have been dislodged from the' * Lord James de Bourbon, Count de la Marche received from king John, to whom he strong-hold where they had posted themselves, that then they would: was always faithful, the county of Ponthieu and the dignity ofconstable. Ito W55 have a better chance of success, but they were never listened to famous in three battles: first in that of Crecy, where he was wounded; next in that of James d Bourbon and the other lords, Poitiers, when he was taken prisoner; and lastly in that of Brignano, where hie con- Thus then, when the lord James de Bourbon and the other lords quered. But soon after, a company of disbanded soldiers ravaging Champagne and thIe with banners and pennons flying, approached and ascended sidewaysz: Lyonnois, lord James was sent against them, when, being overpowered by numbers, he and his son Peter were mortally iwounded, and died three days afterwards at Lyons, 6th *" A high mountain." Denys Sauvage has written a long note to say, that lheha, April, 1382. —Am.soE N'Ss Royal Genealogies. visited this spot in 155, and that it oueght not to be called a high mountain, for it we.a I suspect, however, there is some mistaklre, and that Brignano means Brighals, where but a hillock. This Frosissart himselfall ows in the followinig lines, where the scouts cacii lie was mortally wounded. he was mortally wounded. ~~~~~~~~~~it a " tertre." D. Sannrge~ satys, the place corresponds to the description, and that dif'ferent weapons have been found in the ardjoinsing grourds.'Agen is a considerable city in Guienne, the capital of the Agenois, twenty-eight Lord Demurs, who nero agrem with B. Sanvage, tis these words: "Now shall I leagues from Toulouse, and thlirty-sixi fi'om Bordeaux. shewe you the great malice of these companyons who were lodged on a mountayne, ~: Ch~lons —an anlcient town in B3urgundy, twenty nine leagues from Lyons. and there they arad such a place that they could nat be discryed v.ar auewed, and spe~ Tournus —an ancient town of Burgundy, on the Sadne, in the road from Lyons to daily tie chief of them, winis were bests enessed: far the residsca (who were wonste Dijon. hI Chlarlieu —n town of tine J~yonnois. harneysed) arenged alonge on the hylle side, and suffered the frenche curtours to aproche nere to them, and to retournse agayne withoute any damage." The stratagem:, DeZ~i~rnys I auag lm lledtos n is c od ertanlyright to anlte r it to Brighals.bu ~nys Saluvagoe is certainsly right to alter it to Bfriguna~is. Brua. practiced is hers plainly described, but is scarcely intelligible in Mr. Johnes's version.Elgl. ~36 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. this hill, tne weaker and less completely accoutred of the fri-eeboot- Ihow to defend or to keep their strong holds against such men-.at. ers were enabled to harass them; for they flung upon them so rap. arms. idly and vigorously stones and flints, that the boldest and best armed These companions got information, that at the Pont du St. Espitn, were in dread of them. Wihen they had thus for some time kept seven leagues from Avignon, there was very great wealth; and thlor them in check, their grand battalion, firesh and untouched, advanced all the riches of the country thereabouts had been carried thither, as by a secret road round the hill, and being in close order like a brush, to a place of safety, trusting to the strength of its castle. They with their lances cut down to six feet or thereabouts, with loud cries, therefore consulted together, and agreed that if they could get pos and a thorough good will, fell upon the French army. In this first session of this town of St. Esprit, it would be of the greatest advan attack, very many were unhorsed, and many gallant deeds per. tage to them; for they then would be masters of the Rhbne as vwel formed; but the freebooters fought so hardily, it was marvellous to as of Avignon. After they had well digested their plan, Guyot du think of it, and the French army was forced to retreat. That good Pin and the little Mechin (as I have heard it related) mounted their and valiant knight the archpriest fought excellently well: but he horses, and, with their companies, rode one whole night to the extent was so overpowered bynumbers that, after being grievously wounded, of fifteen leagues. They arrived by breakl of day at the town of St. he was made prisoner, as well as several knights and squires of his Esprit, which they took, and all those of both sexes which were company. Why should I make a longer talk of this affair? in fact, therein. It was a pitiful sight; for they murdered many a discreet the French had the worse of the day: lord James de Bourbon and man, and violated many a virgin. They gained immense riches, and the lord Peter his son were very badly wounded: the young count provision sufficient to last them a whole year. They could from de Foretz was slain: sir Reginald de Foretz his uncle, the count this town escape easily, in an hour's time and without danger, into d'Usez, the lord Robert de Beaujeu, the lord Louis de Ch&lons, and the kingdom of France, and in another hour into the empire. They upward of one hundred knights, were made prisoners. It was with collected their companies together, and kept advancing toward Aviggreat difficulty the lord James de Bourbon and his son the lord non, at Which the pope and cardinals were much alarmed. These Peter were brought back to Lyons. This battle of Brignais was companions had chosen, at the Pont du St. Esprit, a captain to com. fought on the Friday after Easter, in the year of our Lord 1361. mand the whole of their forces, who was commonly styled the All the bordering countries were thrown into the greatest confu- friendt of God, and the enemy of all the world. sion, when they heard that the army had been discomfited; and There were at that time in France, besides these companies, many there was no one so bold, who had'even the strongest castle, th.*t other pillagers, English, Gascons, and Germnans, who were desirous did not tremble; for the wisest among them immediately supposed of living there,t and who maintained many garrisons in fortresses. the greatest mischiefs would ensue and multiply, if God did not Although the commissaries from the king of England had ordered directly bring some remedy. The inhabitants of Lyons were con. them to evacuate these castles, and to leave the country, they had founded when they first heard that victory had declared for these not obeyed, which was very displeasing to the king of France, as freebooting companies. They, however, received in the kindest well as to his council. manner all those who returned from the battle, and were much But when many of them learnt (for they had possession of different hurt at what had befallen the lord James de Bourbon and his son the places in France) that their brethren had overthrown the lord James lord Peter. The ladies, both young and old, visited them in the de Bourbon with two thousand knights and squires, had taken a kindest manner; for they were much beloved in the city of Lyons. great many prisoners, and had very lately surprised and conquered The lord James departed this life the third day after the battle, the town of St. Esprit, where they had found immense riches, and and his soin did not long survive him. They were much pitied that they had expectations of gaining Avignon, where they would and regretted. The king of France was greatly affected at the have the pope and cardinals at their mercy, as well as all Provence. death of the lord James de Bourbon; but as it was not now to be each was eager to join them, in the hopes of gain and doing more amended, he was obliged to bear his mourning as well as he could. mischief. This was the reason why many warriors left their forts We will now return to these freebooters, who, having resolved to and castles, and advanced before their companions, expecting greater keep themselves united, were rejoiced at the fortunate issue of this pillage. battle. They had been great gainers, as well by what they had When Pope Innocent VI. and the Roman college saw themselves seized on the spot as from the ransoms of their wealthy prisoners. thus threatened by these accursed people, they were exceedingly These companies had the whole country under their disposal, for no alarmed, and ordered a croisade to be published against these wicked one now ventured to attack them. Soon after the battle at Brignais, Christians, who were doing everything in their power to destroy they entered and overspread the county of Foretz, which they com- Christianity (like Vandals~ of old, without right or reason) by ruinpletely sacked and ruined, except the fortresses; and because they ing all the countries whither they resorted; by robbing, wherever were in such large bodies that no small extent of country could they could find anything; by violating women, both young ond old, maintain them, they divided themselves into two parties; sir Seguin without pity; and by killing men, women, and children, without de Bas tefol commanded the smallest, which, however, consisted of mercy, who had done no ill to them; for he was reckoned the about three thousand fighting men. He advanced toward Ance,* bravest, and most honored, who could boast of the most villainous near to Lyons, where he fixed his quarters. He then strongly forti- actions. fled and rebuilt parts of it, and kept his troops in its neighborhood, The pope and the cardinals had therefore a croisade publicly which is one of the richest countries in the workl. He overran and preached. They absolved firom every crime and sinll all those who ransomed at his ease all the countries above and below the Sa6ne, should take the cross, and voluntarily give themselves up to destroy such as the county of M con, the archbishopric of Lyons, the terri. these wretches. The cardinals elected the lord Peter de Monstier, tories of the lord of Beaujeu, and the whole country as far as Mar- cardinal d'Arras, by some called cardinal d'Ostia, to be the chief of silly los Nonnains,t and the county of Nevers. this croisade; who, upon his nomination, immediately left Avignon, The other division of these free companies under the command and went to Carpentras, seven leagues distant, where he fixed his of Nnaidoz de Baugerant, Espiote, Carnelle, Robert Briquet, Ortingo quarters. He retained all soldiers, and others, who were desirous or and Bernard de la Salle, Lannuyt, le Bourgcamust, le bourg de Bre- saving their souls, and of gaining the foresaid pardons: but he would teuil, le bourg de l'Esparre, and many others of the same sort and not give them any pay, which caused many of them to depart and go with the same intentions, advanced toward Avignon, saying they into Lombardy; others returned into their own countries, and some would go and visit the pope and cardinals, in order to have some of joined these wicked companies, which were daily increasing. They:heir money; otherwise they should be well vexed. They waited in divided themselves into several companies, over each of which tohey hat neighborhood to receive the amount of their ransoms for the nominated captains, and took up their quarters in different places. prisoners taken at Brignais, as well as to see if the peace that had Thus they harassed the pope, the cardinals, and the merchants iln the been made between thetwo kings was likely to be lasting. In their neighborho'od of Avignon, and did a great deal of mischief until the.route:to Avignon, they took towns, castles, and forts; for nothing summer was far advanced of the year 1361. could stand before them. The whole country was in alarm; for in It happened that the pope and cardinals cast their eyes upon a very'those parts they had not had any war, and the guards did not know * Pont du St. Esprit-a town of lower Languedoc, on the Rhtne, diocese and receipt of Uzes; so called from one of the most beautiful bridges inl Europe built over thie * Ance-an ancient town of the Lyonnois, situated near the Saine, diocese and elec- Rb6ne, in the road from Montpelier to Paris. tion of Lyons, about a league from Villefrancle. It is proltble that the town of Pont St. Esprit was taken twice' for a. chronicle, writt Marsilly les Nonnahis. I canntot find i the Gazetteer this name. There is Marcilly- ten in the reign of king John, assures us positively,' qne les compagnonls ai etoiest,eur-Saone, a village in Burgundy, near Auxonne, which is, I suppose, thie same. sortis de la France, et qui se faisoient appeler lI grande cirnpagnie,' took possessioa of + Bourg in the dictionaries of the old French language, moeerms to mean bastard or thle town rnd castle of St. Esprit on Innocents' day, 136.-Chrsonique. JIISS. iti Roi *illegitimate..ean, Bibliot. du Roi. No. 9652. Burgi, in Ducange's Glossary, is as follows: "Calepinro ex Tit. C. de firnd. rei pri-' Friend." Denys SaUrvtge says, in a note (,n te margin, that instead of ami it was vatre.' Qui collegio, vol curira, vel burgis creterisique corporibus servierit. An inde, an ecnneri in all the editions; bulimt tt he had corrected it from the two abridgmrretts. Ho'Olin potius B burggravius per crntractionem Bostrgs, appellatl sunt castellalsi, et pre- is certainly right as to the pririted editions of Vern4rdt ind Eustae, as xieil as ili lord?'~ifcti castroruim, per arclurm, ipud Froissartem,' torn. ii. cap. 34.'Si etoient de sa route Berners's translation and Barnes's Ilistory of Edward IIt.; but it is anmi irr mry two lns capitailros des rutres clateanx, commoe le btotrg Calart, le bourg Anglois, le bourg MSS. de Chamnpagne, et Raymornd de Force, &c. $ Lorrd Berrnere uses these words, "who sayd they.aist nedes lyue," which frilly ea"B'rgri, adde,'A genuinan vicis Gallicas bsmrag notione longs aberrari mihi videtur, press the feelings and condition of these diabandetd selhliers. —[ED. cram ex Froissarte exponitur de Clastellisno sin burgi prafecto. Bourg enim eo loci, ~ "Vandals." Denrys Pairvage has Bondeos, and says it is so in all tire editions, taut'quenirldnodum et in atles ejiraderi ervi histaricise.sprrium, nothum sonat, Gall. birtird; that Ire thinks it should be Vandals. It is'orsrdes in all my printed editions, a.s well ns M1SS. auod arpprime docet Berry in Hist. Chronol. Carol.'V1L ad an. 1432, ubi quemn boeam'g CLordI Betners's version is, "Anrd thran ordeyned a croysey agaynst these yuell chlr'ten dict, paula infi'a appellat bastard: sic et nd an. 1430, is baorrg de J~Ia sqauare. Boerc people who dyde theant payne to dietroy chrystendome as other badraes lad done beftire mu Litt. Remiss. an. 1411 ex reg. 165. Chartoph. reg. ch. 219. Icelui Pierre nppeliast is without tytell of any reason." May nort this have reference to tire expedition of the'suppliatnt arlot, tacain, bourc; eui vaut autnrt k dire en langumige du Pas de par de 1a[ archpriest mentioned before, instead of the'Vandals'l —tED.:garpon, trtant, bastart. Bort, nodema sensn usurpant Hispani. Vide in II A pant et ca]pt, —Lota Bg~EaRas. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 13i accomplished knight and good warrior; that is to say, upon the m ar whose Christian name was Hlenry. The Iking and all his barons, quis de Montferrat,* who for a long time had been engaged in war knights, and squires, were much afflicted, and wished it had not against the lords of Milan, and was at this time so employed. They been so. He left two daughters, the lady Maude and the lady sent to him to come to A-Onon, where he was received with much Blanche. The eldest was married to the earl of Hainault of the honor by the pope and cardinals, name of William, son of the lord Lewis of Bavaria and Margaret of A treaty was then entered into with him. He agreed, for a con- Hainault. The youngest was married to the lord John, earl of Rich Biderable sum of money, to free the territories of the pope and the mend, son of the king of England, who was afterwards duke of Lanneighborhood of those freebootingb companies, and to lead them with caster, in right of his wife, and by the death of Henry duke of him into Lombardy. The marquis negotiated, therefore, with the Lancaster. captains of these companies,t and managed so well, that by means In this season also died the young duke Philip of Burgundy,* earl of sixty thousand florins which he divided among them, and the high of Burgundy, of Artois and of Boulogne, palatine of Brie and Chanipay he promised them, they consented to follow him into Lombardy; pagne. He married the daughter of Louis earl of Flanders, by one but they also insisted on receiving pardon and absolution from all of the daughters of John duke of Brabant, to whom fell the earldom crimes and sin. Every article was fulfilled, and the money paid: of Burgundy, by the near relationship of Margaret his mother, who they gave up the town of St. Esprit, quitted the territory of Avignon, did homage and fealty for it to the king of Frande. The lord John and marched away with the marquis of Montferrat. of Boulogne, earl of Auvergne, came, by the same means, into posKing John and his whole kingdom were much rejoiced, when they session of the earldom of Boulogne, and was homnager to the king of found themselves delivered from these people; but many of them France. King John also, from his proximity, took possession of and returned back into Burgundy: sir Seguin de Batefol, who kept his retained the duchy of Burgundy, and all rights over Champagne and garrison at Ance, would not surrender it for any treaty or promise Brie, which was highly displeasing to the king of Navarre; but he they made him: however, France was, in many places, more at peace could not help himself; for he claimed Champagne and Brie, as than it had been' being the nearest heir: his reasons were not listened to, for king When the greater part of these companies had quitted the country, John hated him rmuch? and declared that he should never possess a eand had marched with the marquis de Montferrat into Piedmont, the foot of ground in Champagne nor in Brie.t marquis managed his affairs well against the lords of Milan. He About this time, the king of France had formed a resolution to go conquered many towns, castles, and forts, and gained much territory to Avignon, and visit the pope and cardinals, and, in his road, to from them. He had also many skirmishes and attacks, which turned amuse himself by inspecting the duchy of Burgundy, which had lately out to his profit as well as honor; and these companies, within the fallen in to him. The king, therefore, ordered preparations to be year, gave him a superiority in the war, and Were in a great measure made, and set out from Paris about St. John's day 1362, having left the cause that the lords Galeas and Bernabo Visconti, who were his eldest son Charles duke of Normandy, regent and governor of the sovereigns of Milan, and who since reigned there in great prosperity, kingdom during his absence. The king took with him the lord John camne to a proper understanding with him. of Artois, his cousin, whom he much loved; the earl of Tancarville, About this time sir Seguin de Batefol, who had retained his garri- the earl of Dampmartin, Boucicault marshal of France, sir Arnold son at Ance upon the river Sabne, took by escalade a good city in d'Andreghen, the grand prior of France, and several othlers. He Auvergne, called Brioude, and which is situated on the river Allier. travelled slowly and with much expense, making some stay in all He maintained himself there for upward of a year, and fortified it the cities and towns of Burgundy, so that he did not arrive at Villeso strongly that he was not aftaid of an attack: firom this place he neuve,++ until about Michaelmas. It was there that his hotel was overran all the country as far as Clermont,} Tilhac, Puy,1] Case prepared, as well for himself as for his attendants. He was most Dieu,~ Montferrant,* Riomi,ti fh Nonnette,tt Ussoire,~~ Oudalle,Il[l magnificently received and feasted by the pope and the college at and the lands of the count Dauphin, who was at that time a hostage Avignon; the king, pope, and cardinals, visited each other often. in England, and committed the greatest damages. When he had The king remained at Villeneuve during the whole time.~ very much impoverished the whole country, he marched away, About Christmas pope Innocent VI. departed this life: and the according to an agreement, carrying off with him great riches. Sir cardinals were in great discord about the election of another, for Seguin de Batefol~~ returned into Gascony, whence he had originally each was desirous of that honor; more particularly the cardinals t01 come. Of this sir Seguin I know no more, except that by accident Bonlogne and Perigord, who were the greatest in the college. Their I heard it related that he died in an- extraordinary manner. God dissensions kept the conclave a long time shut up. The conclave gardon him for all his misdeeds! had ordered and arranged everything according to the desires of the two before-mentioned cardinals, but in such a manner that neither of them could succeed to the papacy: upon which they both agreed, C H APTEBR CCXVI. Ithat none of their brethren should wear the papal crown, anid elected the abbot de St. Victorif of Marseilles, who was a holy and learned ViHE DEATHS OF THE DUKES OF ILANCASTER AND OF BURGUNDY, BWtHiCi man, of good morals, and who had labored hard for the church in LAST CAUSES NEW DlSgENSIONS BETWEEN THlE K~INGS OF FRANCE AND t LAST CAUSES NE PISNSENSIONS W ESTOEEN TiE iiNGS OF FRANCEI AND Lombardy and other places. The two cardinals sent to inform him IJAVARRE. THE PRINCE OF WALES CROSSES TtIE SEA AT AQUITAINE. of his elevation, and to desire he would come to Avignon: which he AT this period died in England the good duke of Lancaster,*** side of I-lie hiigh altar of the collegiate church of Leicester, tbunded by hfis fiailier (not b y rrat. Jol Piletgs, 16th arckgsave of Moatfesrat, him, as isn Dugdale,) and on the next niche to him lay a lady, by likelihood his wif." — * The marquis de Afontferrat. John Palmolegus, 16th marckgrave of Montferrat, 1338, GoUeI's Sep. eaot. died 1371, seigited 83 years. —ANDFRcsO'Ns Rsyol GenGcns "gies. "I-le left issue by his wife Isabnel, daughter of Henry lord Beaumont, two dauglters. t "Captains of these companies.' Barnes says, that the principal leader was sir his heiresses. Maulde first married to alph, son and heir to Italph Lord Staflin'l, ant John tlawkwood buit the ballowing quotation from the life of sir John Hawkwood, afterrsards to WVilliam rduks of Zealiand and tBlanache (by virtue of a speciil Ilispesesa published in the 6th volume of tile Bibliot.'Typog. Britan. page 6, shows it was not so.s tess from tie PWl dkoegsssel to slear aldliance) to ofGvunt, ers 55 Rseild., 1~~~ ti~~~onl fi'om the pope, in regard to their near alliance) to John of Gaunt, earl of Richmnond,''Tie comipany ofEnglish adventurers whio ows entered into the service of the nlar- fos son to d rd Il. nun aterwrs ke of Lacser.BaI'. ft urth son to Edward III.,and aftcrwards duke of Lancaster. —DUGDALE:'saoae quis of Montfirrat, 1363, is said, by MaIuratori, vol. xii, p. 207, to have been commanded ude cne to lan oo at er fter's death, ad ie, sppsed poison.fly one Albaret. I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~aude came to England sooa after her fihther's death, and died, supposed by poison.by ()ass.llbam'st. K~noe KNYGITON. Upon the conclusion of the peace between tihe nierquis af Montferrat and Galeazzo, Pilip ke of rgnly succeeded to tle erldos f olonend A e e the fossnglish wvho remainied waith the farser scent all jsoised tleir countrymen in Philip duke of fifteen by uthe deyth oftsuis oohe earldoems of Boulogner n e lattuv ergne attthie age of fifteen by the death of his mother,2 9tbi Septemnber-, 190. Toward the latter Tuscany, and soon after forned a body under Hlawkwood." Tulscany, andt socsa after fo~rmned a body nulder llawksvood."; end of November, 1371, he died at Roaivre, and was buried at Citeaux. Hie lived but a There must le a mistake respecting tile date of 1363, for Froissart, as well as Deny short time, ard was very nica regretted, as la promised atell. te aucly of liurguady short time, and ws verynmuch regretted, islhe promised well. The duchy of Burgundy Sauvage, fixes it positively 1361. fpassed to the kiing of France, not by virtue of the law of appanages, but as being nearest ++ h~ the year 13'54i, Ma~:tthew I1., B8ernabe and Gatleas II., all three sons of Stephen I l year 134, attew 11., Berabo an Gleas I. all three sons of Stee eir to duke Philip. The earldonm of Burgundy, by the same riglht, passed to hargaVisgonti, brother ofJohn, succeeded their uncle isa the state of Milan and divided it into re{, who married Philip, fburthl son of' Johin kingf of France, wvho w~as created dukie of equal portions, except Milan and Genoa, whiclh thle two last i adividually Iheld. Matthew d eal es ats Burgundy by letters patent, 6th Sept. 1363. —L'Jlrt de ver-ifier los Dates. dying without maile children, the 26t1h September, 1355, his two brothers inhlerited his tlt plare oi tlis anrgraish lorr Berners si the fllowisng "Tle lord Jasne;0ortion, except Bologna, which they sufiered Vi-seonti d'Olegio to carry fi'oil them. portion, except ologia, wi te sufred rcoti d'Oegio to carry fi Ie. of Burbone abode styll pursuynge the treaty bytwene the lord John de Mountforde and They octtained the saane year, from thle emleror Charles IV. the viceregency of LoBn- the lord Charles of Bloys ftbr tile right'of the duchy of Bretayne acordynag to the treaty hardy. a'heirunioi sdefended them against apowerful league, forsed bytlae Florestiises,, beoon at Calais as ye have Iherd belbre. And fbr lacke of coacludyng thereof great warres the -marquises of Este, of Mantua, and of ~Montfbrrmt. In 1359, (]aleas, assisted by his othe marquises of Esie, of Mantun, q ad of MotPitirat. Imt of'S, Galoas, assisted by is and yuels fell after in the countri of Bretayne as ye shall here in this hystorie." —ED. ole ernabo, mid the conquest f Paia, inhe mot ofNoeber, aftera lon Villeneuve d'Avignon-a town of Lower Languedoc, on the Rh6ne, opposite to siege. In 1371, Beriabo acquired, from Feltria de Gonzague, the city of Iteggio. Galens Avignon. died 1373, aged 59 years. Muratori gives a very bad chararter of hin. Villaret seems to think Froissart has made a mistake respecting this visit of the king. See aore of tbe house of Visconti, ian'Art de Erifler les Dates, vwhence tme above iand that it was to prevent tihe marriage of Edmund earl of' Cambridge, son of kiang Edis tatken. is~~~~~~~ tas~~~~~keanm~. ~ward III. with the widow of the late suke of Burgundy, by means of the pope C tlermont, or Clermoat-Ferrardu capital of Anvergne.' Since his (the king's) return firom London, ihe made only oie journey to tile court 1{ Puy —a village ii Auvergne, diocese of Clermont. of Avignon, where he did not arrive till after tihe death of Innocent VI." This opinion T Cuase Dieu, Q. an abbley, diocese of Auch. will not agree with whLat Froissart says of the entertalinments and flasts he received from'5MToN~iitferraint —a town in Auvergne, near Clermont. the pope. John must have inmade two journeys, at a short distance flora one another. It Rioa, Riaaan-a city ofAuvergne, ear Clermot. The contrary, hlowever, is proved by tse letters of this kimng, preserved in thIe iaiurth vol' t ILa Nmaniette-a ton d o nre t oflssre. onare des Omd{aaces I momsssrt will have, withsout doubt, confounded thais journey ~~ Ussoire, Usson — a town of Auvergne, four leagues from Brioude. will iss one inde ielome Isis ianpristneat.-Hist. do Lane, vol v. p. 270, note. lII Oudalie, 1 cannot find, nor'lilihac..Iu the Granids C(mrotaiqates de St. Denis, vol. ii. feuillet 273. "In the month of Auaust, ~31 "~ Sir Seguin de Batefol." Mezesay calls aim Siimon Bantefol. Villaret cain hiai 131-2, the kihng of France set out t o visit th e pope, Innocent, at Avigeon, who was then gentilhomme navarrois, and says that he died from some poisoned oranmges, wItch alive, amid that samne yeam the 22na1 Dec., le diea." Charls le Mau vais, king of Navarre, had served at dbasser, in artier to get rid of sin. "Kisg Josa entemed Asugnos St. Catlarine's day, the 2nd November. Pope Urban Ile was desirous of engaginag sir Seguin de Batetr'l to make flesh disturbances in France, received im nesy oonoly is consistssy. asd setaised him to dinner." contrary to the promise le had made king John, on surrendering Brioude; but lie asked Ihert must bs sisme inistile in these datin. too large a sum; and, having possession of Charles's secret, lao thuss poirsoned hmisn thant it I As o~ ita rasV'lisnGiolabtd t emi [['"Abblot de St. Victor."Ubn'.WlimGieiaotdS.Grsi atiglmt fiat be divulged.-Hieteiace de Fra~nce, par V~iElnl~et, toan. vi i. 278. j d'Auxerre, then abbot of St Victor dse Marseille, was elected pope, e thI September 3~i~'*~' Henrv duke of Lancaste; who died oftthe alague nf 13110. iacs bulried on the south at the age ofe53 Ceoan he died 19'.h December. 1370 138 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. did as soon as possible, and received this gift with joy. He was magnac, with whom there had Leen a continual warfare for a ery called Urban V., and reigned with great prosperity: he augmented considerable time. The lord John Chandos was soon after appoitea much the power of the church, and did great good to Rome and other constable of all Guienne, and sir Guiscard d'Angle marshal. The parts. prince thus provided for the knights of his own country and his house. Soon after this election, the king of France heard that the lord hold, particularly those he loved most, with these noble and hand. Peter de Lusignan, king of Cyprus and Jerusalem, was on his road some offices, which were at his disposal in the duchy of Aquitaine. to Avignon, having crossed the sea; upon which he resolved to wait He nominated to all his stewartries and bailiwicks knights firom for him, as he was anxious to see one of whom so many handsome England, who kept up greater state and magnificence than the inhab. things had been related, for having made war upon the Saracens. itants of the country could have wished: but things did not go ac. Lately, the new king of Cyprus had taken the strong city of Sate- cording to their desires. We will now leave the princ6 and the lie* firom the enemies of God, and had slain, without any exceptions, princess of Wales, to speak of king John of France, who at this time all the inhabitants of both sexes whom he had found there. was at Villeneuve d'Avignon. There was, during this winter, a full parliament holden in England, respecting regulations for the country, but more especially to form establishments for the king's sons. They considered that the CHAPTER CCXVII. prince of Wales kept a noble and grand state, as he might well do; for he was valiant, powerful, and rich, and had besides a large inher- T INS OF ANC N OF CYRUS UNDETAE AND SWEAR TO E FORM A CROISADE AGAINsTr THE INFIEL.S. THE KING of cYPRUS MAKEr.S itance in Aquitaine, where provisions and everything else abounded. ORM A CROISADE AGAINST THE INFIDELS. THE KIN G OF CYRU MAKES They therefore remonstrated with him, and told him from the king RN T SOLICITATIONS FOR ASITANCE TO MANY KINS AND FRINES his father, that it would be proper for him to reside in his duchy, N s LCES OF CISTENDOM. which would furnish him withal to keep as grand an establishment ABouT Candlemas,* 1362, the king of Cyprus came to Avignon: as he pleased. The barons and knights of Aquitaine were also de- at which event the whole court was much rejoiced, and many cardisirous of his residing among them, and had before entreated the king nals went out to meet him, and to conduct him to the palace of pope to allow him so to do; for although the lord John Chandos was very Urban, who received him very graciously, as did the king of France, agreeable and kind to them, they still loved better to have their own who was present. When they had remained together some time, natural lord and sovereign than any other. The prince readily as- and had had wines and spices served to them, the two kings took sented to this, and made every preparation becoming his own and leave of the pope, and each went to his hbtel. his wife's rank.t When all was ready, they took leave of the king, During this time, there was a public combat before the king of the queen and their brothers: setsail from England, and were landed, France, at Villeneuve, from pledges given and received, between with their attendants, at La Rochelle. two valiant and noble knights, whose names were sir Aymon de But we will for a while leave this prince, and talk of some other Pommiers and sir Foulques d'Archiac. When they had fought well regulations which were made at this time in England. It vWas enacted and valorously for a length of time, the king of France appeased by the king and his council, that the lord Lionel, the king's second them, and made up their quarrel. son, and who had borne the title of earl of Ulster, should from thence- The two kings remained the whole Lent at Avignon, or there forward bear that of duke of Clarence; and the lord John, who was about. They often visited the pope, who received them with joy. called earl of Richmond, was created duke of Lancaster, which estate During these frequent visits, the king of Cyprus remonstrated with Came to him by his wife, the lady Blanche, as heiress to the good the pope, the king of France, and the cardinals present, how noble duke of Lancaster, her father. It was also taken into consideration and praiseworthy a thing it would be for Christendom, to open a by the king and his council, that the lord Edmund, the king's young- holy passage beyond sea, and to fall upon the enemies of the true est son, who was called earl of Cambridge, should be well provided faith. The king of France listened eagerly to this discourse, and for, and, if it were possible, that he should be united in marriage proposed that for himself he would willingly undertake such an enterwith the daughter of the earl of Flanders, at that time a widow. prise, if he should live three years only, for two reasons: one was, However, that matter, though proposed, was not fully entered upon; that king Philip, his father, had formerly made a vow to do the same; fior it would be necessary to go cautiously to work about it; besides, the other was, to draw out of his kingdom all those men.at.arms, the lady herself was sufficiently young. called free companions, who pillaged and robbed his subjects withAbout this time, the lady Isabella of France, mother of the king, out any shadow of right, and to save their souls. These reasons, died. She was daughter of Philip the Fair. The king ordered a however, the king of France kept to himself, without mentioning most magnificent and pompous funeral for her, at the Friar Minors,I them to any one, until Holy Friday, when the pope preached in his at which all the prelates and barons of England, as well as the lords chapel before the kings of France and Cyprus, and the college of of France "vho were hostages for the performance of the articles of Cardinals. After the sermon, which was very humble and devout, peace, attended. the king of France, through his great devotion, put on the cross, and This happened before the prince and princess of Wales left Eng- requested the pope, with great sweetness, to conlfirm it to him. The land; soon after which they set out, and arrived at La Rochelle, pope immediately and benignantly complied with his request, and whier they were received with great joy, and remained four whole crossed in like manner the lord Talleyrand cardinal de Perigord, the days. As soon as the lord John Chandos (who had governed the lord John d'Artois, the earl of Eu, the earl of Dampmartin, the earl duchy of Aquitaine a considerable time) was informed that the prince of Tancarville, the lord Arnold d'Andreghen, the grand prior of was cominig, he set out from Niort~ where he resided, and came to France, the lord Boucicaut, and many knights there present. The La Rochelle with a handsome attendance of knights and squires, king of Cyprus was highly pleased, and returned fervent thanks to where they feasted most handsomely the prince, princess, and their the Lord for having inspired their hearts. suite. The prince was conducted from thence, with great honor and Thus, as you have heard, the king of France, and those barons rejoicings, to the city of Poitiers. The barons and knights of Poitou and knights that were with him, put the red cross upon their outward and Sairstonge, who at that time resided there, came and did homage robes. The holy father gave it his benediction, and ordered it to be and fealty to him. preached in many places: not, however, throughout all Christendom, The prince rode from city to city, and from town to town, receiv- for a reason I will give. The king of Cyprus (who had come thither ing everywhere due homage and fealty. He at last came to Bor- with the intention'of forming this croisade, having promised himself deaux, where he resided a considerable time, and the princess with much pleasure in visiting the emperor and all the great barons of the hiim. The earls, viscounts, barons, knlights, and lords of Gascony, empire, the king of England, and the chief princes of Christendom, came thither to pay their respects to him: all of whom he received which he did, as this history hereafter will show you,) offered to the in so gracious and pleasing a manner, that every one was contented. holy father and to the king of France his personal services, his wealth, Even the count de Foix came to visit him, whom the prince and and his eloquence, wherever he should arrive or make any stay, in prinicess received most honorably, and treated him magnificently. A remonstrating and arguing the grace and devotion of this expedition, eace was at this time concluded between him and the count d'Aro in order to excite all those princes and lords to join in it who before had not had much religion. This said king was so much honored, * City of Sat ie —s the Attalea of the ancients,situated in Pamphilia, a province as it was but just he should be, that, from the eloquence and warmth which at this dary makes part ofCaramania. with which he would display the value of this expedition to the dif. Antalia, or Satslie-at thie bottom of the gulf of Satlie.-D'ANvILLE's snap, G6o- ferent princes, he would gain sore heaits than all the preachirents. Peter de Lusignan had succeeded his father Hugh. Ile did not arrive at Avignon Soon after Easter, 1363, the king of Cyprus left Avignon, saying until the Tth March,,362 tihe Weidnesday of the holy week. Soon after Easter, 1363, the king of Cyprus left Avignon, saying Vsideursr. king of Deninark, was there at the same time, who came to place Ihis per- he was going to visit the emperor and the lords of the empire, and szon nrd kingdom uneeer the protection ofthe holy see.-VILLAPgT, Hist. de France. tlen return by Brabant, Flanders, and Hainault, to the kingdom of Pccr I. suceerledl iris latser ItIrgi, as kie~g of Cyprus, irs 5165l. January 18, 1F72, he France. He took leave of the pope and the king of France, who on was sssassinrrterl by two lords whom he had abused. He disgraced the glories and farme nsfhis early lifs iby his debaucheries rnd cruelties in his latter days. —/rT de veri- every occasion showed him marked attentions; the pope gave to him tier lee- 1)ates. and to his attendants presents of jewels and benedictions.t Soon 1 "Hits wife's rank." The prince of'Wales married this year the lady Joan, daugh- =: ter e'Erirnnl Plsrntaaenet earl of Kent, commonly cralled the fair countess of Kent. * "Candlemas." Penys Sarvage says, in a note on tie margin, thatFroissart lirgets She sas a widow, and of the blood roysl of Enrrand. She wavrs lirst married to the earl in this place to begin the year the first of January. of Ss!iolrrry, ansi divorced friom him, then she wars marrried to sir Thomas Itolland.- "By an edict given by Chnarles IX. at itoussillon Ch.Steau in Dauphin6, 1564, he fixed sirrsAN. the beginning ot the year 1565 at tire first of January; whereas formerly the year corn **Friar Minors —comrmonly called the Gray Friars, now a parish church called Christ menced at Easter. It appears to me that its commencement ought to be the 2ist a ChUrch.-GarrTON Marcl." —Essais Ilistoerirues sUrr Paris, tome iii. p. 328. Jso;t, a city in Poitesi. diocese of La toclhelle t Masny fayre gyfta and ieawels and pardons. —LoaD BEsNERS. CHRONI ICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 139 after the departure of tile king of Cyprus, tile king of France took not do well to pay a visit to his cousin the Iking of Navarre, and leave of the pope, and went toward the city of M1ontpelier, in order endeavor, if possible, to make a peace between him and the king to visit Languedoc, where he had not been for a long time. of France. He therefore set out from Paris with a grand equipage, We will now return to the king of Cyprus, and to the journey and took the road to Rouen; where, when he was arrived, lie was which he made. After many days' travel in Germany, hlie came to most handsomely received by his cousin the lord John d'Alenqon, a city called Prague, and found there the emperor of Germany, the archbishop of Rouen, who entertained him very agreeably for three lord Charles of Bohemia,* who received him magnificently, as did days. On the fourth he departed, taking the road to Caen, and all the lords of the empire who were with him. The king of Cyprus continued his route to Cherbourg, where he found tile king of Naremained in Prague and in its environs three weeks, and greatly varre, the lord Louis* his brother. and a very small company with exerted himself in exhorting all the Germans to assist in this holy them. expedition. The emperor defrayed his expenses during the stay he These two lords of Navarre received the king of Cyprus gra. made, and for his journeys in Germany. The king of Cyprus went ciously and honorably, feasted him grandly, as they had the means, next to the duchy of Juliers, where the duke received him with much and knew we'l how to use them. While hlie was there, he endeavfeasting and rejoicings. From the duchy he went to Brabant, where ored to begin a treaty between them and the king of France, and the duke and duchess received him niamgnificently in the good town talked to them firequently and eloquently upon this subject; for he of Brussels. He was there entertained with grand dinners, suppers, was a man of excellent understanding, master of many languages, tournaments, and other sports, in which hlie knew well how to play and much beloved. The twb brothers made very handsome replies his part; and, at his departure, they made him many presents of to him, but excused themselves by saying, it was not their fault if rich jewels. they were not good firiends with the king and realm of France; for When lie left Brussels, he went to Flanders, to visit earl Lewis, their great desire was to be so, but the king must give back their who received and feasted him grandly. He found at Bruges the inheritance which he held firom them wrongfully. The king of king of Denmark, who had come thither to see him. They were Cyprus would willingly have brought this business to a conclusion, magnificently treated at Bruges; insomuch that the two kings were for the king of Navarre would have left it to him, had not their very well pleased with earl Lewis, and with the knights and barons differences been too great. of his country. The kixg of Cyprus thus passed Ihis summer, since When the king of Cyprus had remained at Cherbourg about fifteen he had left Avignon, in his journey through the empire and along days, having been entertained by the king of Navarre and his brother its froniiers, exhorting all to undertake this expedition against the suitably to his rank, he took leave of them, saying hlie should not Saracens. This gave much pleasure to many of the great lords, who rest until he had been in FEngland, and exhorted king Edward and vere desirous that it should be accomplished; but many others his children to put on the cross. He departed from Cherbourg, and excused themselves from takling part in it. arrived at Caen; thence he crossed the sea at Pont de I'Arche,t and entered Ponthieu; having passed the Somme at Abbeville,4 he came to Rue,~ to Montreuil,jI and to Calais, where hlie found the three CHAPTER CCXVIII. dukes of Orleans, Berry and Bourbon: for the duke of Anjou had returned to France, but by what means or in what condition I know rOE KING OF ENGLAND DETAINS TOE HOSTAGES AS PRISONERS. TIHE ICING noot.~ OF CYPIRUS USES GREAT ENTREATIES WITH THE KtINGS OF NAVARRE AND These three dules, prisomers, though they were in the town 01 E NGLAND AND THE PRINCE OF WALES, TO INDUCE TOsEI TO UNDERTAlKE Calais, received the kiing of Cyprus very joyfuly, and the king be THS~m CROisAD; AGAINST THE; SARtACENS. 1 CROISADE AGAINST TOE SARACENS. haved with equal politeness to them. They continued together foi AnenT this time, the king of England showed much favor to four twelve days. When the king of Cyprus had a favorable wind, he dukes, viz. the duke of Orleans, the duke of Anjou, the duke of crossed the Straits, and arrived at Dover. He remained there two Berry, and the duke of Bourbon. These lords had returned to Calais, days to recover himself, while they unloaded his vessel and diseam. vwhence they had liberty to make excursions whither they chose for barked his horses. The king then continued his route by easy day three days; but they were to return on the fourth day by sunset. journeys, until he arrived at the good city of London. He was The king had granted this favor with the good intent of their being honorably received on his arrival, as well by the barons of France nearer to make solicitations to their friends, and that they might wvho were there as hostages, as by the English lords, who had rode hasten their ransoms, which they were eager to do. During the out to meet him; for king Edward had ordered some of his knights, time the four above.,nentioned lords were at Calais, they sent many viz. the earl of Hereford,** sir Walter Manny, the lord Despencer,tt anrd pressing messages to the king of France, and to the duke of the lord Ralph de Ferrers,tI sir Richard Pembridge,~~ sir Richard Normandy his eldest son, who had nominated them as hostages, to Stafford,f[ll and others to meet him, who accompanied and conducted remonstrate with them oni the subject of their ransoms, which they him to the lodgings which were prepared for him in the city of had sworn and promised to attend to at the time they went to Eng. London. land, otherwise they would have undertalken it themselves, threaten- It would take me a day were I to attempt relating to you the ing no longer to consider themselves as prisoners. But although grand dinners, suppers, and other feasts and entertainments that were these lords were, as you iknow, very near relations to the icing of made, and the magnificent presents, gifts and jewels which were France, their solicitors and messengers were not listened to, nor given, especially by queen Philippa, to the accomplished king of themselves ransomed, which was very displeasing to them, more Cyprus. In truth, he was deserving of themi, for he had come a particularly to the duke of Anjou, who declared he would himself long way and at a great expense, to visit them, to exhort the kiing find a remedy, happen what would. to put on the red cross, and assist them in regaining countries now At this moment, the kiingdom and the councils of the king and duke of Normandy were hardly pressed, as well on account of the * "Lord Louis." Charles had twvo brothers, Philip and Louis: but which is Ihere croisade which the king had undertaken, as for the war with the mcant, I nownot. DenysSauvage says it was Philip, ny 1S. Louis. t Pont de l'Arche-a town of Normandy, on the Seine, diocese of Evweux. king of Navarre, who was harassing the realm of France, and who A bbeville-a considerabletown in LowerPicardy, diocese of Amiens. had recalled some of the captains and companions from Lombardy, Rue-a small town in Picardy. in order the better to carry on his designs. This was the principal II Montreuil-a town in Picardy, diocese of Amiens. reason why they could not immediately attend to the ransoms of the See Rymer, anno 1363, for different letters from king John while at Avignon, and other matters respecting the ransoms of these princes of the blood. It appears tlhant they four dukes, nor give satisfactory answers by their messengers, when were all promised their freedom, on possession being given to the officers nammed by king they came to France. Edward of certain, lands and castles belonging to each of them, dated at Westminster, We will now return to the king of Cyprus. When he had visited 26th MayMi3. The duke (if Ailca amd ocher lustages broke their parole aid escaped tie pire and other countries, as you have heard, he returd to In the Fredera 1364, there are variousremnonstrances made by Edward on this subject. whele ~re wasd r mago~nift~ ic~~entl,~yo hStowe says,. in his Chronicle, that the duke of Anjou, by breaking his word anud oathi France, where he was magnifcently received by the king and the to return to England as one of the hostages fur king John, and thus deceiving hime, wLs great lords of his court. Several councils were held on the subject thle cause of his majesty's death, through grief. of this cmoisade, to discover in whait manner it could turn out to the.Carte says, "Their negotiations not succeedling, the duke of Anjou made use of thuat indulgence to escape into France: the king, hiis faither, blamed him exceedingly, and; to honor of the king of France or to the good of his realm. The wisest repair his son's fmIults, resolved to go himuself to England, and, by a personsal treaty with were of opinion, that seeing the kingdom so much harassed, robbed, Edward, remove the obstructions which haid hlitherto prevented the full execution of tihe and ruined, by the companies and thieves that invaded it from all treaty of Bretigny. His ministers tried, in vain, to dissuade hlim from this resolution; parts, this expedition ought not to talke place until the kinrgdom were fbr he told them, thatthough good fith were bauiisimed out of the rest of the World, ii mnaeestotlpcwe a tt lining ofNav ought still to be found in the words of princes, and as the performnance of the articles or in a better state, or till peace were made with the Iking of Navarre. tiat treaty was the condition of his, hlie would it any rate see them executed." However, notwithstanding the good sense of this advice, the king * The earl ofIlereford-son of William Bhuln, earl of Northamipton, succeeded to rwo~uid not listen to it, nor allow his ardor for this croisade to be the title and estates oi Ilereford, ou the deatlh ot'hii uncle, Hlmlphrey de Bohiun, in 13s cled. e confirmed i gagement to the kin of Cyprus, nd He was afterwards nominated esubassador to tihe duke of Milan, respecting the maridtoe atnf arseilles inMarchtheesuin yer(w riageof his daughter Violasnte to the dute of Claremce, and diedushortly mafter. p:ise to be at arseilles in arch the ensuing year (which tt Lorm Despencr-gmndson of Edward thart was executedi at Hereobrd, 1ieenjoyed wemulmh be 1364,) and that then he would without delay cross the sea, much favor under Edvwardi ani was buried ait Tewkes b ury.ry and order purveyances to all who were willing to do the same. L$ "Lord Ralph de Ferrers." I cannot timd in Dngdmle's Baronage any ofthuis family 1Jpo this, thin Icing of Cyprus etonlc his leave of thing of France, that hare time nse of Ralpi. There is Rauf de Ferriers, banneret, in Ashmole, whicl I suppose must be the same. findinsg that he had sufficient time to return to his own country and ~~ Sir Richuard Pesubriulge —was fifty-thuird Iknight of the garter. He died 1375, and hil cusakle Isis preparatiois. Hie considered with himself, if he should tomb is in Hlereford catlhedral. T'le only account I can find of him is ims Mr. Gough's first volume of Sepulchlral Moiruneuts, to which I refer. ~ Lord Charles of Bohemia —Chlarles IV. emperor of Germany. HIe published the I[[I Sir Richard Stafubrd —was son to sir tichiard Stafibrd, brotherto Ralph, earl oh {,nmoutn Golden Bull, tihat has ever since reguhated all thu elections of emperors of Get- Stafford. lIe served in Edward 1II.'s wars iu Gascony, and was summomued to piarlia balmty. meat among the barons, from 44th Eddward III. until 4th Richard II. inc. usive. 140 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. occupied by the enemies of God. But the king of England politely of Cyprus for a while, and return to the king of France, to relate and wisely excused himself, by saying: "Certainly, my good cousin, what were the reasons why he and his council had come to Amiens. I have every inclination to undertake this expedition; but I am growing too old, and shall leave it to my children. I make no doubt, that when it shall have been begun, you will not be alone, but will CHAPTER CCXIX. be followed most willingly by my knights and squires." " Sir," replied the king of Cyprus, "what you say satisfies me. I verily ~m JOHN RETURNS, OF HIS OWN FREE WILL, TO ENCLAND, AND DIES TH{ERE. believe they will come, in order to serve God, and do good to them- TH E. selves; but you must grant them permission so to do; for the knights I WAS informed, and indeed truly, that king John had a wish to of your country are eager in such expeditions." " Yes," answered go to England, to visit his brotheir king Edward and the queen his thile king of England; "I will never oppose such a work, unless sister, and for this effect had summoned part of his council. They some things should happen to me or to my kingdom which I do not could not minake him change his mind, though they gave frieely their at this moment foresee." The king of Cyprus could never obtain opinions on the subject: and many of the prelates and barons of anything more from king Edward, in respect to this croisade; but, France told him, he would do a very foolish thing, if he again put as long as he remained, he was politely and honorably feasted with himself in the power of the king of England. But the king answered, a variety of grand suppers. that he had found so much loyalty and honor in his brother the king About this time, king David* of Scotland had some affairs to of England, the queen, and his nephews their children, that he could transact with king Edward, that made it necessary for him to come not sufficiently praise them: he did not in the least doubt but that to England; so that when he heard the king of' Cyprus was there, they would be courteous, polite, and loyal, and friends to him in all he hastened his journey, in order to meet him, and made such dis- situations. He was also anxious to go to England, in order to make patch that he arrived in London before he had left it. The two excuses for his son, the duke of Anjou, who had returned to France. kings were much rejoiced to meet, and congratulated each other On hearing this, not one of the council had a word more to say, since upon it. The king of Englandgave them two grand entertainments his majesty had thus ordered and settled it. He again appointed his in his palace of Westminster. At the last of these, the king of son, the duke of Normandy, regent of France during his absence. Cyprus took his leave of the king and queen of England, who made He promised his youngest son, the lord Philip, that on his return from him very magnificent presents: king Edward gave him also a ship the journey he was about to make,? he would create him duke of called the Catherine, which was very beautiful and well built. The Burgundy, and that he should inherit the lands of that duchy. king of England had had her constructed, by his orders, to make lWhen all things were prepared according to his orders, and his the voyqage to Jerusalem. She was valued at twelve thousand francs, purveyances sent to Boulogne, he departed from the city of Amiens, and lay in the harbor of Sandwich. and, having begun his journey, continued it until he came to Hesdin, The king of Cyprus was much pleased with this gift, and returned where he remained to pass his Christmas. The earl, Louis of Flan. many thanks for it. He made no long stay after this in England, ders, who was much attached to him, came there to visit his majesty; but returned to the king of France. The king of England, however, and they continued together about three or four days. On Innocent's defrayed all his and his attendants' expenses during the time hi day, he left Hesdin, rode forward to Boulogne, where he took up' lis remained, as well as the cost of his journeys in coming and return.- quarters in the abbey, and remained there until he had a favorable?ng. I do not know how it was, nor for what reason, but he left the wind. He was accompanied, when hlie crossed the sea, by the fol. ship in the harbor of Sandwich; for, two years afterwards, I saw it lowing nobles of his realn: the lord John d'Artois, the earl of Eu, there at anchor. the earl of Dampmartin, the grand prior of France, the lord BouciThe king of Cyprus left England,t and crossed the sea to Boulogne. cant, marshal of France, sir Tristan N Maguelles, sir Peter and sir Having learnt on the road, that the king of France, the duke of Nor- John de Villiers, sir John d'Anville, sir Nicholas Bracque, and several mandy, the lord Philip, youngest son to king John, and the council great knights. When their vessels were laden, and the mariners had of state, were to be in the good town of Amiens, the king of Cyprus a wind to their wishes, they informed the king, who embarked on took that road, and found the king of France just arrived, with part board his vessel about midnight, as did his attendants on board of of his council. He was kindly received by them, and related to themi theirs. Having set their sails for the coast of England, they arrived the greater part of his travels, which they listened to with pleasure. at Dover about vespers. It was on the day preceding the vigil of the When he had been there some time, he said that as yet he had done feast of the Three Kings, called the Epiphany.t but little, until he should have seen the prince of Wales; and that, News was brought to the king of England (who at that time was if it pleased God, he would go visit him, as well as the barons of with the queen at Eltham, a very magnificent palace which the king Poitou and Aquitaine, before he returned home. The king of France had, seven miles from London,) that the king of France had landed made no objection to this, but earnestly entreated, that when he set at Dover. He immediately ordered many knights of his household out on his return home, he would take his departure from France, to to go and congratulate the king on his arrival; the lord Bartholomew which the king of Cyprus readily assented. HIe therefore left Amiens, Burghersh,t sir Richard Pembridge,~ sir Allan Boxhall,l] and several taking the road to Beauvais, passed the Seine at Pontoise, and con- others. They took leave of king Edward, and rode toward Dover, tinued his route to Poitiers. where they found the king of France, who had remained there since At this time, the prince was at Angoul6me, where there were his arrival. They attended and conducted him with every mark of shortly to be grand entertainments and justs by forty knights and as respect and honor, as they well knew how to do. Among other many squires, in honor of the princess, who had lately been brought compliments, they told him the king their lord was much rejoiced at to bed of a handsome son, called Edward,t after his father. As soon his coming, which the king of France readily believed. as the prince was informed of the arrival of the king of Cyprus at On the morrow morning, the king and his attendants wore on Poitiers, he sent by special command, sir John Chandos, attended by horseback early, and rode to Canterbury, where they dined. On many knights and squires of his household, to meet him. They entering the cathedral, the king paid his devotions to the shrin' ot accompanied him, with great joy and respect, to the prince, who St. Thomas'. Becket, and presented to it a rich jewel of great value received him kindly and honorably. We will now leave the king The king of France remained two days in the city of Canterbury The third day he set out, taking the road to London, arid rode on "King David." It appears, by Rymer, fi'om the passport granted him by king until he came to Eltham, where the king of Eng'land was, with a Edward, the 20th February, 1364,that David Bruce's journey into England was to pay number of lords, ready to receive him. It was on a Sunday, in the his devotions at the shrine of Our Lady atWalsinghiam. The same religious motives afternoon, that he arrived; theme were, therefore, between this time might hiave made him so eager to converse with the king of Cyprus on the subject of and supper, many grand dances and cards. The young lord de the croisade. His passport was to continue in force until the ensuing Michaelinas. Sis new queen, Margaret Logie, had at the same time a passport, to pay her devo- Coucy~ was there, who toolk pains to shine in his dancing and sing. tions at the shrine of Thomas k Becket, at Canterbury. ing whenever it was his turn. He was in great favor with both the t Barnes, in his history of Edward Itl. says, that the king of Denmarlk and the duke French and English; for whatever he chose to do he did well and of Bavaria accompanied him to England, and that their passports were dated 6th De- with grace. comber. In itymer, there is a passport for Waldemar, king of Denmark, dated the 1st of Feb I can never relate how very honorably and magnificently the king mary, 1364, to continue to the ensuing Michaelmams, for himself and three hundred hIorse~ men, &c., but not one word is said of the king of Cyprus nor of the duke of Bavaria. * That on his return, &c. King John's passport is In Rymer, dated 10th December "Anno reg. 31, 1357.-Henry Picard, vintner, mayor of London, in one day did 1363. There is also in that excellent collection, the patent of the creation of Philip duke sumptuously feast Edward ring of England, John king of France, the king of Cyprus of Burgundy, which is dated Germigny-sur-Marne, 6th September, 1363.-CAnRT., vol. i. (then newly arrived in England,) David king of Scots, Edward prince of Wales, with Theimre are two Germnignys, Germigny l'E~6que and Germigny sous Colome, villages many nobilemen and others: and after, the said Henry Picard kept hiis hall against all of Brie, in the diocese and election of Meaux. comers whosoever that were willing to play at dice and hazard. In like manner, tile t This, according to a marginal note of Denys Sriuvage, makes it 1364, beginning the lady Margaret, Ihis wife, did also keep her chamber to the same intent. Tihe king of year the Ist of January. Cyprus, playng with Henry Picard in his hall, did win of him filly marks; but Ilenry $ Lord Burghersl —knight of the Garter. See DUGDALE'S Baronage. being very skilffl in that art, altering his lhand, did. after win of the said ring the same ~ Sir Richard Pemrbridge. See p. 139, note. fifty marks anmi fifty marts more; whniich when the said king began to takre in ill part, hi Sir Alhmn Boxhall-fifty-second knight of the Garter. See AsHniOLE. although ie nissembled the same, Henry said unto him,'Mhly lord and king, be not ag- WValing. Ypodigma, p. 131, saith: "IHoc anno Rob. Itaule scutifer fuit occisumn.in grieved: I covet not yonr goud, hmt your play; for I have not bid you lnther to grieve ecclesia WVestmon. tempore mnajoris misste per quosdam regis satellites quorsum ducto: you, but that nosing other things t miglht try yonmr play;' and gave hins hios money again, extitit Alaanss de Buxhnalle, miles per ante non ignobils, sed hoc facto postea sempea slentifully' bestowingi his own among time retinue. Beoides, he gave many rich gmils to nil enis;" for wihich he was by name excomm unicated. hie 1ing smnd other nobles and knights, who dinned with him, to the great glory of tihe Anno 1378, sir Ralph de Ferrars was exconimunicated with him for the same offence. citizens of Lonndon in thnose days.' —SToWn'S C~hnroircl. ~[ "Lord de Coney." Enguereannd de Concy, son of Enguerrand de Coucy and Cath-: "fBy her (nine princess) hie hamd twvo sons, mnamely, Edward the eldest, Iborn at An uo- erine, dsnnglter of Leopold, first duke of Swabia (the presennt Imperial family.) He Ilnme in Feliruary, 1365 (Leland snith n136,) who died in Oasroigmne at seven nenrs of inn manrried ~tabella, eldest daughiter of Edward the Tnhird. —Anmrasoi's Royal Genealo sci, mid Pcimalhd, who was afterwards kimng of Englamnd. —AsntoLm's Gamcn, p. 676. es. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 141 and queen of England received king John. On leaving Eltham, he France; for they considered the treaties and alliances entered into went to London; and, as he came near, he was met by the citizens and sworn by the king of England, their sovereign lord, with the dressed out in their proper companies, who greeted and welcomed king of France at Calais, so sacred and strong, they would not by him with much reverence, and attended him with large bands of any means infringe or break them. During the time the captal de minstrels, unto the palace of the Savoy, which had been prepared for Buch was journeying toward the king of Navarre, John king of them. The princes of the blood-royal that remained, as his hostages, France departed this life in England. The king, queen, the princes in England, were also lodged in the same palace; namely, his brother of the blood, and all the nobles of England were exceedingly conthe duke of Orleans, his son the duke of Berry, his cousin the duke cerned at it, from the great love and affection he had shown to them of Bourbon, the earl of Alenpon, Guy de Blois, the earl of St. Pol, since the conclusion of the peace. and many more. His brother, the duke of Orleans, and his son, the duke of Berry, The king passed there part of the winter very gayly with his coun. were in great affliction at his death, and sent in haste to inform the trymen. The king of England visited him often; as did his chil- duke of Normandy of the melancholy event; who, when he was cer dren, the duke of Clarence, the duke of Lancaster, and the lord Ed- tain it was true, was much affected by it, as he had reason to be, mund his youngest son. There were several great feastings between but considering that everything which is created must in the course them, in dinners, suppers, and other entertainments, at this h6tel of of nature have an end, and that he could not remedy this loss, he the Savoy, and at the palace of Westminster, which is not far off, bore it as patiently as he was able. Finding himself thus successor whither the king went in a private manner, whenever he chose it, to the inheritance of the kingdom of France, and being well informed by the means of the river Thames. They both frequently regretted that the king of Navarre was daily reinforcing his garrisons in the the loss of the lord James de Bourbon, and said that it was a very county of Evreux, and that he was engaging men-at-arms to carry on unfortunate business; for no one deserved better his rank among the war, he resolved to provide himself with an able council, and to nobles. oppose this evil by every means in his power. We will now leave the king of France for a short tilhe, and speak of the king of Cyprus, who had come to Angoul~me to visit his cousin the prince of Wales. He was most graciously received by CHAPTER CCXX. his royal highness, and by all the barons, knights and squires of Poitou and Saintonge who were then with the prince, such as the RING CHARLES OF FRANCE MAKES WISE PREPARATIONS AGAINST THE IING viscount de Thouars, the young lord of Pons, the lord of Partenay, OF NAVARRE, IMIEDIATELY AFTER TIE DEATH OF JOHN HIS FATHER, sir Louis de Harcourt, sir Guiscard d'Angle; and, among the Eng- AND BEFORE HIS CORONATION. lish, by sir John Chandos, sir Thomas Felton,* sir N61e Loring,t AT this period, there was a knight of Brittany, who had always sir Richard de Pontchardoln,t sir Simon de Basselles,~ and several borne arms in favor of the French, called sir Bertrand du Guesclin.* others, as well of that country as from England. The king of Cyprus was magnificently entertained by the prince, princess, and the barons and knights above-mentioned. He staid there upward of a month and then sir John Chandos accompanied him, for his amusement, into different parts of Poitou and Saintonge, and showed him the good town of La Rochelle, where there was a grand feast made for him. When he had seen everything, he returned to Angoul6me, to assist at the noble tournament which the prince held, where there were plenty of knights and squires. Soon after this feast, the king of Cyprus took his leave of the prince and of the knights of the country, but not before he had related to them the principal reason of his visit, and for what cause he had put on the red cross which he wore, how the pope had blessed this expedition, which was deserving of every praise; and how the king of France through devotion, as well oO!/ as many other great lords, had put it on, and had sworn to its executi on. The prince and the knights made him a courteous answer, saying, that in truth it was an expedition in which every man of worth or ionor was interested; and that, if it pleased God, and the passage i were open, he would not be alone, but would be followed by all those who were desirous to advance themselves. The king of Cyprus was well pleased with this speech, and took his departure: but sir John Chandos attended him, until he had quitted the principality. It appears to me, that he went back into France, and took the road - toward Paris, in the hopes of finding the king of France returned home; but it was not so; for he was still at the palace of the Savoy, confined to his bed by sickness, of which he grew worse every day, to the great uneasiness of the king of England and his queen, as the 1 I most learned physicians had declared him to be in much danger. i The duke of Normandy was informed of all this at Paris, where he resided, having the regency of the realm; for the lord de Boucicaut had crossed the sea, to convey the news of this illness to him. The king of Navarre also heard of the progress of this disorder, which gave him no displeasure, for he hoped, if the king of France died, to carry on his war more to his satisfaction: he sent' letters, therefore, to the captal de Buch,[l who at that thme was with his brother-in-law the earl of Foix,~T to desire that he would come to him in Normandy, and that he would exalt him in dignities above all other lords and knights. The captal, who was fond of arms, and cousin to the king of Na- - varre, complied with his request. He left the earl of Foix, taking his road through the principality of Aquitaine, where he solicited BERTRAND Du GUECLIN. From a wood-cut is a rare Gothic folio, printed it Lyons, several knights and squires to go with him; but he succeeded with 1490, preserved in the Bi-bliothdque Royale, Paris; and called the "Chronique de only a few. Neither the English, Gascons, nor Poitevins were wil- Bertrand du Guesclin." liung to take up arms for the king of Navarrre, against the crown of' " Sir Thomas Felton," of Lutcham in Norfolk. forty-ninth knight of the Garter. His worth and fame were but little known except among the knights ile was gland seneschllal and comnmandant de Guienne for Richard I1. He was killed of Brittany, who were his neighbors in that country, where he had in opposinr Henry Transtnamare, befre te hbttle ofNjajra. Sir Thomras Htoo, knight resided and carried on the war in favor of the lord Charles of Blois. of the Garter, mnoerried his daughter.-ANsTIS'S JMS. Collectzons. t "Sir N6!e Lorinos," twsentiethl knight of the Garter. See his life in Ashmole. He This sir Bertrand was always much esteemed by them as a valiant was.hambserlais to the Black Princre. He lied thie 9th Richlard II. and was buried at knight, and well beloved by his brethren-at-arms: he was already Duss-nstle. — Nsris's.I. Collections. in the good graces of the duke of Normandy, on account of the great $: Sir Richsard de Plstch:rtlosl." I canrlot finsd anything abouthim. acts of valor that he h eard rlated of him. ~' Sir Simsn de Basselles." probbly RBasset, isut I caitost say snore. I "(Clptal de Buch," fifth isnigilt of the Calter.'t. Anstice, in his second volume, It hsappened that the dlke ofNormandcy,soon aftelr the death of the sas, "It wassir Jolln de Greilly, ofrosal lineage, anllltd tile rlst renowned commander kiilsg his father, had verly stron auspicions of the kint ocf Nav-lrrc at tlattime, whose leuna!tertble losyalty to tllecurowlt of ETnrlnsd sassuhls, thathecllose he therefooe gave rl to t lr f o~ucin'aut sIylg, " Set olt to (die a prisoner at Paris, 1397, ratther thrl deviate frn i' frm hence s speedily as y, it. n niris as posible, "B Ich is a small promontory lying tlong the coast from Bayonne to Medoc,"&. fom hnc e as speedily as yo c, itl a ayriet as possibe, See ANSTIS. ~1 " Earl ofFoix." Gastona II. succeeded his father, 1344. His sisterBanca was married * "Bertrand slls Gsiesclin." For nmore ol Ilim see his mnemsirs in t.te thild anld ourtI to John de Greilly volumes of Les MIlemoires -istoriques, and also in [list. de la Bretgille, &c. 14i. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. and ride toward Normandy, where you will meet sir Bertrand du people of Meulan believed the truth of this the nwore readily because Gueselin: I shall then desire that you both fall on tle king of Na- they came by the road from Mantes, and because they could not varre, and retake Mantes; by which means we shall be masters of have crossed the river but by the bridge of Mantes. Thinking wha* the river Seine." The lord de Boucicaut answered," Sir, this I will they had told them must be true, they opened their gates, which most willingly perform."* were instantly seized by the Bretons, who entered, crying out, " St. He then quitted Paris, taking with him a great number of knights Yves Guesclin!" and began to lay about them with their arms. and squires. He followed the road toward Normandy, through St. When the inhabitants found themselves thus deceived, and that there Germain-en.Laye, and gave those to understand who accompanied were no hopes of redress, they fled and saved themselves as well as aim, that he was going to attack the castle of Roulleboise,t which they could. was detained by certain persons called free companions, who did Thus were Mantes and Meulan taken, to the greatjoy of the duke every mischief possible. Roulleboise has a very good and strong of Normandy. The king of Navarre was in a furious rage when lihe castle upon the river Seine, about a league distant from Mantes, and was informed of it: he directly reinforced all his towns and castles was at that time filled and garrisoned by these companies and their with troops and well-tried officers: for he was much chagrined at men-at-arms, who carried on the war for their own benefit, and at- losing Mantes and Meulan, as they were to him convenient entrances tacked the friends of the kings of France and of Navarre without dis- into France. tinction. They had a captain of the name of Wautaire Austarde,t This same week, the captal de Buch arrived at Cherbourg with a native of Brussels, whom they implicitly obeyed. Hlie paid them four hundred men-at-arms. The king of Navarre was well pleased according to a fixed proportion of wages, and was an expert soldier thereat, and received him most graciously. In his complaints against of great courage. He and his people pillaged the country all around; the duke of Normandy, he was very sore upon the losses of the so that none dare travel from Paris to Mantes, nor from Mantes to towns of Mantes and Meulan, which, he said, had been taken firom Rouen or Pontoise, for fear of them; for they attacked both French him by stealth. The captal replied: " My lord, if it please God, we and Navarrois, pressing especially the people of Mantes very hard. will go and meet your enemies, and exert ourselves so effectually When the lord de Boucicaut left Paris, though he made it to be that, God willing, you shall speedily have again possession of these, understood he was going to that part of the country, nevertheless hlie as well as many other towns and castles. It is said that the kingr of missed taking the right road to Roulleboise. He waited therefore France will very soon go o Rheims, for his coronation: we will fbr sir Bertrand du Guesclin and his army, who a short time before therefore at that time begin our attack on his country." The king had made an excursion to Evreux,~ and held a parley with the in- of Navarre, being much rejoiced at the arrival of the captal de Buch, habitants of that city; but instead of opening their gates to him, they said hlie should send him on an excursion into France. The king severely attacked him with stones, &c.: he retreated, and made for sought for men-at-arms wherever he could get them, or where there the marshal, who had halted for him in a road not far from Roulle- was any likelihood of obtaining them. boise. Upon mustering their forces, they were full five hundred There was at that time in Normandy, an English knight who formen-at-arms. These two captains had a long conference together, merly had borne arms for the king of'Navarre: his name was sir upon the best means of subsisting themselves, and what would be John Jouel; a very able and expert man in his profession. Ile cointhie surest method of gaining' the town of Mantes, their principal manded about two or three hundred lances. The king of Navarre object. They determined that the lord de Boucicaut, with one sent to entreat him to serve under him, together with his men; vwhich hundred of his knights only, should ride to Mantes, and feign them- sir John Jouel* consented to, and waited on him to place himself selves to be much frightened, crying out that the garrison of Roulle- under his orders. boise was in pursuit of them, and begging that they would give them The duke of Normandy was informed that the king of Navarre admittance. If they consented, they were to seize the gates, and sir was collecting large bodies of men-at-arms, and that the captal de Bertrand would directly follow with the remainder of the army: they Buch was to be the commander of them. le therefore formed his would then be masters of the place. Should this plan fail, they did resolutions, and wrote to sir Bertrand du Guesclin, to order him and not see by what other means they could gain it. The council being his Bretons to make a stand against the Navarrois, and that he would dissolved, the lords kept the secret among themselves. The lord de speedily send him sufficient reinforcements to offer battle to the troops Boucicaut set out, according to their plan, and took the road to of the king of Navarre. At the same time, he ordered the lord de Mantes: sir Bertrand went with the rest of the troops another road, Boucicaut to remain at Mantes and Meulan. Sir Bertrand and his but placed himself and minen in ambush not far from the town. Bretons departed, and took up their quarters near to Vernon. In a When the lord de Boucicaut was near to Mantes, he and his troops few days afterwards, the duke of Normandy sent to him some noble separated, like to people that had been beaten and were pursued. men-at-arms; such as the earl of Auxerre, the viscount de Beaumont, The marshal, attended only by ten others (followed, however, by the the lord de Beaujeu, the lord Lewis de Chalons, the archpriest, the rest at a small distance,) came to the barricadoes of the town, and master of the cross-bowmen, and many other knights and squires. cried out, "Hollo! good people of Mantes, open your gates, I beg of About this time, several knights of Gascony came to serve under you, and let us come in; for the th.eves of Roulleboise have dis- the duke of Normandy: among whom were the lord d'Albret, sir comfited us, and are now at our heels." "Who are you?" asked Aymon de Pommiers, the souldich de l'Estrade,t sir Petiton de Cour. those whom he had addressed. "I am, gentlemen, the lord de Bou- ton, and several more. The duke of Normandy felt himself much cicaut, marshal of France, whom the duke of Normandy had sent obliged to them for coming to his assistance, and begged of them to against Roulleboise: but those rogues there have beaten us, and go into Normandy to oppose his enemies. The above-named lords made us fly, whether willing or not; and they will capture me and willingly obeyed, and, having put their men in proper array, marched my people unless you openyourgates to us." The people of Mantes, toward Normandy, except the lord d'Albret, who remained with the thinking he had said nothing but truth, replied: "Sir, we know well duke; but his troops went on the expedition. that those in Roulleboise are our enemies as w ell as yours, and that it At this period a knight, called Beaumont de Laval, came from the is indifferent to them on which party they make war: on the other French frontiers of Brittany, and advanced toward Evreux, with about hand, the duke of Normandy hates us, on account of our attachment forty lances under him. A young knight, sir Guy de Graville, hap. to the king of Navarre our lord: we are therefore in great doubt, if pened to be in that town at the time, who no sooner heard of the we shall not be betrayed by you, who are marshal of France." "By alarm than he hastened to arm himself, ordering all the garrison to my faith, gentlemen, that shall never be; for I am come into this do the same: they were soon mounted, and in pursuit after them. country solely to destroy the garrison of Roulleboise." At these But sir Beaumont had already succeeded in his enterprise. How. words they opened the gates. The lord de Boucicaut entered, with ever, by the fleetness of his horse, sir Guy de Graville came near some of his companions; but he was followed so slowly by,T.he re- enough to cry out, " Beaumont, you must not go off thus: the men mainder, that the people of Mantes had not time to shut their gates of Evreux must speak to you, for they wish to be better acquainted upon sir Bertrand's men, who came in with the last of the lord de with you." When sir Beaumont thus heard himself called upon, he Boucicaut's party: for though the lord de Boucicaut went with his turned his horse about, lowered his lance, and made straight for sir men directly to an hbtel, where they disarmed themselves, in order Guy. These two knights met each other with such force, that their the better to blind the inhabitants, sir Bertrand and his forces came lances were shivered on their shields; but they were so firm in their "ull gallop into the town, crying, " St. Yves Guesclin! death to the seats that neither was unhorsed, as they passed each other. On their Navarrois." They entered, pillaged the houses of whatever they return, they drew their swords; and, at the same time, both their found, and made prisoners of whom they pleased: they also mur- companies began to fight so furiously, that in the course of the rendered several. counter many were unhorsed on each side. The Bretons acquitted Soon after they had possession of Man'tes, a detachment of Bretons themselves most loyally; but in the end they could not maintain their advanced to Meulan, a league distant, and very cunningly entered it. ground, for numbers increased upon them every moment, so that they They said they were men-at-arms whom sir William de Graville had were all killed or made prisoners: none escaped. Sir Beaumont de sent thither, and that as many or more had remained at Mantes. The Laval was taken by sir Guy de Graville, and brought as his prisoner to the castle of Evreux, whither all the other prisoners were con. * It does not appear from the memoirs of Bertrand du Guesclin, republished in the te cas eux, whit the or prisors wer co third and fourth volumes ofLesMttsmoiresHistoriques, thatthe martchal de Boucicaut ducted. Thus ended this adventure; for vhich sir Guy was much had anything to do with the taking ofMantes, &c. as Ihis name never once occurs. Nor praised, and beloved by the king of Navarre and the citizens of Evreux are the chronicles agreed as to the exact date when this happened. —See Note 19, Mum. }list. t Roullehoise vil~;lae to N~ormandy, oa ths~e Seine. * "Sir John Jouel" Barnes calls him sir John Jones; but he quotes no authority " Wautaire Austarde." Barnes calls him Vantair Austart. for this change fiom ahr the chronicles and memoirs of the times. Evreumx, an ancient city of Normandy. Its bishop is suffragan to tt.is atrhbishop of t "The soudich de l'Esnrade." He was afterwards created a knight of the Garter t~ouen See.mlnstis's Gartstn vors i. p. 157. tie calls him sir Sandich de Trane. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 145 CHAPTER CCXXI. While these things were going forward, and the nobles were making preparations for the coronation, the French and Navarrois'~HE XINm OF eYPRUs BETURNS TO rALRIS. TH-E FUNERAL OF KBIN~ 30~JN AT S. DOFcv Tus CET AN DEO UARI.KTEAFNERLKON IR JHNwere advancing toward each other in Normandy: the captal de Buch T ST. DNIS. TE CATL DE UC MAES AN TTC ON SIR R- was already in the city of Evreux, collecting his men-at-arms and TRAND DU GUESCLIN. soldiers from every place he could get them. We will speak of him THE king of Cyprus, who was now returned from Aquitaine to and of sir Bertrand du Guesclin, as well as of a famous battle which France, went to meet the king, who had before borne the title of was fought the Thursday preceding Trinity Sunday, the day the duke of Normandy. His two brothers, the duke of Anjou, and the duke was to be crowned king of France (as indeed he was) in the lord Philip, since duke of Burgundy, were with the duke waiting for cathedral of the city of Rheims. the corpse of their father, which was on the road from England. The When the lord John de Greilly, known by the appellation of tlhe king of Cyprus very cordially condoled with them on the subject of captal de Buch, had completed his numbers of archers and foot-sol. their loss, and was himself much affected by the death of the king of diers in the city of Evreux, he made his final arrangements, and France, because his expedition would be retarded by it: he clothed appointed as governor of it a knight called the lord Michael d'Orgery. himself in black for his mourning.* He sent to Conches* the lord Guy de Graville, to defend that place When the body of the king of France, which had been embalmed as a sort of frontier. He then marched with all his men-at-arms and and put into a coffin, approached near to Paris, attended by the lord archers; for he had heard that the French were abr.ad, but was not John d'Artois, the earl of Dampmartin, and the grand prior of France, certain in what quarter. the duke of Normandy, his brothers, the king of Cyprus, and the He took the field, very desirous of finding them; and, having greater part of the clergy of Paris, went on foot beyond St. Denis, to mustered his army, he found he had seven hundred lances, and full meet it. On being brought thither, it was buried with great solem- three hundred archers, with five hundred other serviceable men. nity; and the archbishop of Sens said mass on the day of interment. There were among them several good knights and squires, especially After the service was over, and dinner ended, (which was very mag- a banneret of the kingdom of Navarre, named the lord Saulx; but nificent,) the great lords and prelates returned to Paris. There were the greatest and most expert, with the largest company of men-at. then held many councils on the state of the kingdom, which could arms and archers in his train, was an English knight, called sir John not any longer do well without a king; and it was determined by the Jouel. There were also the lord Peter de Saque-ville, the lord Wil. prelates and nobles, that they should immediately go for Rheims. liam de Graville, the lord Bertrand du Franc, Basque de Marneil, and The duke of Normandy (for such was still his title) wrote to his uncle, many others, who were eager to meet sir Bertrand du Guesclin, to give him battle. They marched toward Passyt and Pont de l'Archo, thinking the French would pass the Seine there, it in truth they had not already crossed it. It chanced that, as on the Whitsun-Wednesday, the captal and his companions were riding through a wood, he met a herald, whose name was Faucon,t and who had that morning left the French army. As soon as the captal saw him, he recognized him, for he was one of the king of England's heralds, and asked him from whence he:.~~~-~~~~ —~:-~~~~ ~came, and if he could give them any intelligence of the French army. " Yes, that I can, in God's name, my lord, replied he; "for I only left them this day: they are seeking after you, and are very anxious to meet with you." "Where are they?" asked the captal, "on this or on the other side of Pont de l'Arche?" "In the Lord's name," answered Faucon, " they have passed Pont de l'Arche and Vernon, and are, as I believe, at this moment very near to Passy." " Tell rn me, I pray thee," said the captal, "1what sort of people they are, and who are their captains?" " In God's name," replied Faucon, "they are full fifteen hundred combatants, and all good men-at-armls. Sir Bertrand du Guesclin is there, who has the largest company of Bretons: there are the earl of Auxerre, the viscount de Beaumont, the lord Lewis de Ch&lons, the lord of Beaujeu, the lord Baudoin d'Enneiluin, grand master of the cross-bows, the archpriest, the lord Odoart do Renty. Some lords from Gascony, your own countrymen, are like. wise among them, with the men-at-arms of the lord d'Albret; as also the lord Aymon de Pommiers and the lord Souldich de la Trane." When the captal heard the names of these Gascons, he was mar. P-ORTRAIT OF CHARLES V., SURNAMfD TIHE WisE —From a Print in Mezeray's Hist. vellously astonished, and turned red with anger: recovering his tie France. * Conches-a market-town in Normandy, four leagues from Evreux.' Passy-a town in Normandy, four leagues from Evreux.: Faucon was the title, not the name of this herald. Noble, in his History of the Winceslaus duke of Brabantt and Luxemburgh, and also to his cousin College of Arms, says under the title Falcon: "This heraldship was anciently writter the earl of Flanders,t to request their attendance at his coronation, Faucon. The falcon was a badge of Edward III., who had an officer of that name; which was fixed for. Trinity-day next ersuing.~ but whether king, herald, or pursuivant, authors are not agreed. Richard Ii. had Falcon king-at-arms: in the reign of Edward IV. the office was ftllen to that of' herald." Both Lord Berners and D. Sauvage calls him "king Faucon."-ED. * And the kyng of Cypre holpe them to complayne the dethe of the kiyng, and was Lord Berners's version is so spirited that we are induced to subjoin it: "So it hlappenem marueyously displeased therewith, because of the hyndringe of his vyage of the croyse; that the Friday in the whytson weke the captall and his company rode out of a wode, andseo lie clothed hiymselfwith the vestusre of dolosre. —ED. and by auenture they met a haraude of armes called Ickynge Faucon, and the samne morn-' Winceslaus dure of Brabant, son of the emperor Charles IV.-ANDERSON'S Royal ynge hlie was departed fro the Frenchlie hoost. As sone as the captall se hym lie knewe Gesnealogies. hym well, and made him great ihere, for he was perteynyng to the kyng of Enigland. I Earl of Flanders-Lewis II. the last earl of Flanders. He was stabbed in a quarrel Then he demaunded of' hym fro whens he came, and if hlie knewe any tidyngs of the by John, son of the king of France, at Boulogne, 1382.-AN DERSON. Frenchmen.'Sir,' quoth hlie,'in the name of God, I lknowe well where they be; I de~ As the account of the funeral of king John is very diffterent in the superb edition of parted fro them to-day; they seke you as well as ye do them.'' Where be they,' quoth Les Grandes Chroniques de St. Denis, in my possession, I translate it. the captall:'beyond the bridge of Tharche, or a this syde?''Sit,' quoth Fasucon, "This Tuesday, the 1st day of ilay, 1364, the Ihody of king John, whio had died at'they be passed the bridge at Vernon; and, as I beleue, they are nowe about Passy.' London, as has been related, was brought to the abbey of St. Anthony, near Paris. It'What nombre be they,' quoth the captall,'and what repitens haue they? I pray yoe remained there until the Sunday ibllowing, that preparations might be made fra the shewe me.''Sir,' quoth Faucon,'they are well a xve fightyng men, and there is sir funeral. On that day, the 5th of lMay, it was transported from thence to thile churci of Bertrand ofClesquy (Guesclin) who hiath the grettest company of Bretons; also thlere is Notre-Dame, attended by processions on foot from all the churches of Paris, and by three therle of Aucer, the vycount ofBeaumont, the horde Lays of Chalon, the lord of Beauieu of the king's sons, niamely, Charles duke of Normandy, Lewis duke of Anjou, and Philip tlhe master of the cross-bowes, tharchpreest, the lorde Edward of Remy; and of Gascone, duke of Terouenne: the ting of Cyprus was also there, there is the company of the lorde Dalbret, and the Iorde Aysnon of Punyors, the lorde ot "The body was carried by the members of his parliament, as had behn the usage with Saldyche and of Lestrad:' and when the captall herd those Gascons named, lie mareuother kings, because they represent the person of the king in matters of justice, which is yled gretly, and blussed for displeasure, and sayd,'Faucon, is this true ye saye, that thle fairestjewel in iis crowni, and by which he reigns. On thie Monday morning solemn these lordes of Gascone are there, and the lord Dalbret's company?''Sir,' quoth the mInass was sung in tile church of Notre-Dame; and, soon afterwards, the body was car- herald,'ye without fail.''And where is the lorde Dalbret himself?' quoth the captall. ried to St. Denis in the samne maniner as it ihad been brought fiom the abbey of St.'Sir,' quoth Faucon,'ihe is at Parys with the regent-duke of Normandy, whio aparelleth Anthony. The three princes and the king of'Cyprus followed on foot, as fac as the gate himselfe to go to Reynes, for it is sayd that on Sunday next comyng he shulde be crowned of St. Landlri,a where they mounted their horses, and accompanied the body to the kyng.' Than the captall layd his hand oni his own heed and said in great displeasure town of St. Denis, where, on their arrival, they dismounted, and, as before, followed the'By Saint Antones cap Gascon against Gascon.''Sir,' quoth Fauron,'here by taryeth body on foot to the cihurch. for me a harald oftharchpreest, sentto speke with you fro hym; and as I understmmrl by "On Tuesday, the lth day of May, the obsequies of the late king were performed in the harald, tharehpreest wolde speke with you.' Than the captall sayd,'A Faucon, the church of St. Denis, and the body was interred on the left of the high altar. say to the Frenche harald he nede not to go any farther; let him shewe to tharchpreest "Shortly after umass, king Charles, thie eldest son of the late king, went into the that I wyll not spekewith him.' Than sir Johann Jouellh stept forthe and sayd,'Sir, why meadow, and there received thue homages of the peers of France and other great barons. wyIt ye net spake with hym, perauenture, it is for our profyte.' Than the cumtail said, He then went to dinner, and remained at St. Denis that and the following day. On the'Nay. I wvarrant you itis not for our profyte, for tharthpreest is so great a brauler, that Thursday, king Chmarles left that town, to prepare for his coronation, which was fixed if he come to us, he wylt but hangle, and in the meantyme ymagen our st, engthe, ond for the Trihmty Sunday fmlhmwissiig." anewe our nombre, the which, perauentusre, shall come more to our preiudice than aduantage —therefore I hanue no hbst to speke with hym.' Than Faucon the harmud went a There was formerly a glte called Port St. Lmandri, near to St. Germain-h'Auxerrois. to thother haraud and excused the captall ass wysely, h.rat he was well content, and It was built up in the year 1558. —M. SAUvAL,.dntiqisitcs de Paris. than he went to the tharchpriest and shewed him all as Faucon had sayd." —Ed 144 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c speech, he said, "Faucon, Faucon, is it indeed true what thou hast mountain; but if their enemies wished to fight, they must come to just told me of these Gascon lords being ill the French army? and seek them. the men att ched to the lord d'Albret?" "Yes, in good faith, it is really as I have said," answered the herald. "And where is the lord d'Albret himself?" asked the captal. "In God's name," answered C APER CCXXII. "~~~~~~~~~~~~ Hn Ao' Pae, T ER CC X Faucon, " he is at Paris, with the regent-duke of Normandy, who is THE BAITTLE BETWEEN TIHE FRENCH UNDER ESIR BERTRAND DU eUES. making preparations for going to Rheims, to be crowned; for it is CLIN, AND THE NAVARROIS UNOER THE CAPTAL DE DUCH, AT COC. commonly reported that that ceremony is to take place on Sunday EREL, IN NORIlMAN~DY. TIHE CAPTAL IS MADE TKISONER, AND VICTORY next." The captal then put his hand to his head, and cried out in DECLARES FOR THE FRENCH. anger: "By the head of St. Anthony, Gascons against Gascons will Tius drawn out and formed were the English and Navarrois, who make mischief enough." remained, as I have said, upon the mountain. The French, in the Then Faucon spoke concerning Prie (a herald whom the archpriest mean time, arranged themselves into three battalions also, and a,'ear. had seat thither,) and said to the captal, "My lord, there is a herald guard. hard by waiting for me, whom the archpriest has sent to you, and Sir Bertrand du Guesclin commanded the first battalion, which who, as I understand from the herald, would willingly speak to you." was composed of all his Bretons, and they were fronted opposite to The captal made answer, saying, "Ha, Faucon, Faucon, tell this the battalion of the captal. The earl of Auxerre had the second French herald, that he need not come nearer; and let him say to the battalion. There were with him, as his advisers, the viscount de archpriest, that I do not wish to have any parley with him." Sir Beaumont, and the lord Baudoin d'Ennequin, grand master of the John Jouel, upon this, stepped forward, and said, "Why, my lord, cross-bows. There were also in that battalion French, Picards, and will you not see the archpriest? perhaps he may give us some infer- Normans, and sir Odoart de Renty, sir Enguerrant de Hesdin, sir mation that we may profit by." The captal replied, "John, John, it Louis de Havenquerque, with several other good knights and squires will not be so; for the archpriest is so great a deceiver, that if he The third battalion consisted of Burgundians, commanded by the were to come among us, telling his tales and his nonsense, lie would archpriest: with him were the lord de Chalons, the lord de Beauexamine and judge of our strength and numbers, which would turn jeu, the lord John de Vienne, the lord Guy de Felay, the lord Hugh out probably to our disadvantage: therefore I do not wish to hear of de Vienne, and many more. This battalion was to oppose Basque any parleys." Faucon, king-at-arms, upon this returned to the herald de Marneil and his company. The other battalion, which was to Prie, who was waiting for him at the end of the hedge, and made serve as a rear-guard, was entirely composed of Gascons; and they such good and sensible excuses for the captal that the herald was were commanded by the lord Edmund de Pommiers, the lord Soulperfectly satisfied, went back to the archpriest, and selated to him all dich de la Trane, the lord Pe;diccas d'Albret, and the lord Petiton de that Faucon had told him. Courton. By the reports of the two heralds, both armies were acquainted These captains had a grand consultation. They considered the with each other's situation. They therefore made such dispositions, arrangement of the captal, and that his people had fixed his banner as would speedily force them to meet. When the captal had heard in a bush, with part of his men guarding it, as if it were to serve as from Faucon the numbers the French army consisted of, he imme- a standard: they therefore said, "It is absolutely necessary, when diately dispatched messengers to the captains who were in the city the combat shall begin, that we march directly for this banner of the of Evreux, with orders for them to send him as many recruits and captal, andthat we exert ourselves as much as possible to gain it young gallants* to his assistance as they could possibly collect: they for, if we be successful, our enemies will be much disheartened, and were to meet him at Cocherel;t for, supposing that he should find incur great danger of being conquered." These Gascons thought the French in that neighborhood, he had determined to fight them also of another plan which was of great service to them, and was the wherever he should meet them. When the messengers came to cause of their gaining the day. As soon as the French had formed Evreux, the lord Michael d'Orgery had it publicly cried, and strictly their line, the principal Gascon chiefs withdrew together, and conordered all those who were horsemen to join the captal. Upon this, suited for a long time how they could best act; for they saw that their there immediately set out one hundred and twenty young companions enemies, from their position, had greatly the advantage over them. from that town. One of them made a proposal, which was cheerfully listened to: On the Wednesday the captal de Buch toolk up his quarters, about,, My lords, we well know that the captal is as hardy a knight as two o'clock, on a mountain, and encamped his army. The French, can be found upon earth; and, as long as he shall be able to klieep who were wishing to meet them, marched straight forward until they with his men and fight, he will be too much for us. I therefore think came to a river, called Yton, in that country, which runs to ard that if we order thirty of our boldest and most expert cavaliers to do Evreux, having its source near Conches, and encamped themselres nothing but to follow and attack the captal, while we are making for at their ease, this same Wednesday, in a handsome meadow, through his banner, his men will be thrown into some confusion: and then which this river runs. On the morrow, the Navarrois decamped, and our thirty, by their own strength and that of their horses, will be able sent their scouts out, to examine whether they could learn any news to push through the crowd, and advance so near the captal, that they of the French. The French also sent their scouts on the same may seize him and carry him off between them to some place of errand. Before they had gone two leagues, each brought back to safety, where they will remain until the end of the battle; for, if he his army such intelligence as could be depended upon. can be taken by such means as this, the day will be ours, as his The Navarrois, conducted by Faucon, marched straight by the army will be panic-struck."* way he had come, and, by four o'clock in the morning, found them- The Gascon knights immediately assented to this plan, saying it selves in the plains of Cocherel, with the French in front of them, was well thought of, and should be followed. They chose from their who were already drawing up their army in battle array. There battalion thirty of the most enterprising men-at-arms, and mounted were a great many banners and pennons flying; and they seemed them upon the strongest and most active horses they had with them. to be in number more than half as many again as themselves. The They then marched into the plain, well instructed what they were to Navarrois directly halted on the outside of a small wood. The cap- do. The army remained where it was, on foot, in order of battle. tins assembled together, and began to form their men in order of When the French had thus drawn up their forces, and each knew battle. what he was to do, the chiefs held a consultation, and long debated They first formed three battalions well and handsomely on foot, what war-cry they should use, and whose banner or pennon they jending their baggage and attendants into the wood. Sir John Jouel should fix on as a rallying point. They for a long time determined' iommanded the first battalion of English, which consisted of men- to cry, "6Notre Dame Auxerre " and to make the earl of Auxerre at-arms and archers. The captal de Buch had the second battalion, their commander for that day. But the earl would not by any means which, one with another, was about four hundred combatants. accept of it, excusing himself by saying: "My lords, I return you With the captal, there were the lord of Saulx in Navarre, a young many thanks for the good opinion you have of me, and for the honor knight who had a banner, the lord William de Graville, and the lord you offer me; but at this nmoment I cannot accept of such an office, Peter de Saque-ville. The third battalion had three knights; the for I am too young to undertake so honorable a charge. This is the lord Basque de Marneil,$ the lord Bertrand de Franc and the lord first pitched battle I was ever at: for which. reason I must beg of Sauseloppins, and were in the whole about four hundred men under you to make another choice. We have here many very able and arms. enterprising knights, such as my lora Bertrand du Guesclin, my lord When they had formed their battalions, they marched them not the archpriest, my lord the grand master of the cross-bows, my lord tar distant from each oth6r, taking advantage of the mountain which Lewis de Chilons, my lord Edmund de Pommiers, and sir Odoart was on their right, between them and the wood, posting their front de Renty, who have been in many hard engagements, and know apon this mountain facing their enemies, and fixing, by orders of much better than I do what in such cases is proper to be done. I the captal, his banner in the midst of a large thorn bush. He com- must, therefore, entreat you to excuse me from accepting your honormanded sixty men to remain there, to guard and defend it. They able offer." had so placed it to serve as a standard for them to rally round, if by The chiefs, after looking at each other, said: "Earl of Auxerre, chance of war they should be dispersed or separated; and they you are the highest by birth, and of the largest property and estates strictly ordered, that no one should, on any pretence, descend the of any of us; you have therefore the right of being our chief." "Cer*" Yoang gallants." In all the originals, it is "jeunes armerets," which D. Sauvage tainly, my lords," rephed the earl of Auxerre, "what you say is very thinks should be bannerets. but I do not see why. In Du Cange, armearet is a gallant, pleasing to me; but this day I will only rank as one of your comand thus I have translated it. panions; and, whether I lie or die, I will hazard the adventure?Coclserel —a village in Normandy, diocese of'iEvrenx. t " ILord Ba4sue de Malrasil." La tlse medsitirs of Bertrand, he is called Bascon de *The editors of the Mdlnoires Historlquee doubt very much this litct, in a note to tie Stalsuel, and the baron de Marceuil M6moisea de Guesclin. and think Froissart must have heard it from a Gssscon CHRONICLES OFf ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 145 among you; but, as to the command, I am determined not to accept us now descend boldly: do you not see how the French are running it." They again looked at each other, in order to see whom they away?" " Ha," replied the captal, "1 they are only doing so out of should fix on for their chief. Sir Bertrand du Guesclin was unan- malice, and to draw us down." imously thought on, and considered as.the best knight of the whole Sir John Jouel upon this advanced forward (for he was very de. company, one who had been engaged in the greatest number of bat- sirous of fighting,) crying out, "St. George!" and said to his bat. ties, and who was the best informed in military affairs. It was talion, "3 March: those that love me let them follow me, for I am gotherefore resolved they should cry, " Notre Dame Guesclin!" and ing to engage." He then drew his sword, and, with it in his hand, that the whole arrangement of that day should be as sir Bertrand marched at the head of his battalion. He and his company were would order it. Everything, therefore, being settled, each lord re- almost down the hill before the captal moved: but when he found tired to his banner or pennon. They found that their enemies were this to be so, and that sir John Jouel meant to fight without him, he still upon the hill, and had not quitted their strong situation (not hay- considered it as a great presumption, and said to those around them, ing a desire or thought of so doing,) which very much vexed the " Come, let us descend the bill speedily, for sir John Jouel shall not French, seeing that they had greatly the advantage where they were, fight without me."'The company of the captal advanced forward, and that the sun was beginning to be high, which was the more to with him at their head, his sword in his hand. When the French, who their disadvantage, for it was at that season very hot. This delay had been watching them all the tine, saw them descend and enter was what the most able and expert knights dreaded; for they were the plain, they mightily rejoiced, and said, "See, now, what we have as yet fasting, and had not brought with them any wine or victuals been waiting for all this day has come to pass!" They then faced worth mentioning, except some of the lords, who had small flagons about, with a thorough good will to meet their enemies, crying out, of wine that were soon emptied, and none had been procured or " Notre Dame Guesclin!" They dressed their banners in front of thought of in the morning, as they imagined the engagement would the Navarrois, and began to form under them from all parts and'on foot begin on their arrival: but this, as it appeared, was not the case. On the side of the Navarrois, sir John Jouel advanced, sword in hand, The English and Navarrois deceived them thus by subtlety, and it most valiantly, and drew up his battalion opposite to that of the Bretons, was a late hour before they engaged. which was comrmanded by sir Bertrand du Guesclin, and performed When the French lords perceived their situation, they assembled many gallant deeds of arms; for he was a bold knight; but he found in council, to know what would be the best for them to do, and there one who was too able a match for him. The knights and whether they should march to attack them or not. In this council, squires then spread themselves over the plain and began to fight with: all were not of the same opinion. Some wished to fight, whatever all sorts of weapons, just as they could lay hands upon them; and might be the consequences; for, they said, it would be shameful for each party met the other with great courage. them to make any difficulties about it. But others, better advised, The English and Navarrois shouted out, "St. George!" the French,. said, that if they should begin the combat, situated as they were so "'Notie Dame Guesclin!" In this battle, there were many good& much to their disadvantage, they would be in the greatest danger, knights on the side of the French: sir Bertrand du Guesclin, theand out of five men they would certainly lose three. In short, they young earl of Auxerre, the viscount de Beaumont, sir Baudoin d'En-.. could not agree to fight in their present position. nequin, grand master of the cross-bows, the lord Louis de Chflons,. During this time, the Navarrois saw them very plainly, and how tord Anthony tile young lord de Beaujeu, who raised his banner forthey were formed: they'said to each other, "Look at them: they the first time, the lord Anthony de Kanerley, sir Odoart de Renty,, will very soon come to us, for they have a good will so to do." sir Enguerrand de Hgdin. In like manner, in the battalion of GasThere were among them some knights and squires of Normandy, cons, who were drawn up by themselves, there combated most val.. that had been made prisoners by the English and Navarrois, who iantly, sir Aymon de Pommiers, sir Perdiccas d'Albret, the souh"li.sh nad been allowed perfect liberty to go and ride about wherever they de Ia Trane, sir Petiton de Courton, and several others of the snamn: pleased, upon the faith of their word of honor, provided they did sort. This battalion was formed opposite to that of the captal, whicbh, not bear arms in favor of the French. They rode toward the French consisted of Gascons also, and they were very desirous of meeting;. army, and, in conversation, said to the French lords: "My lords, There were many hard blows given, and many valorous deeds of' consider what you are about; fov, should this day pass without an en- arms performed on each side; for no one should wilfully lie.* agemrnent, your enemies will to-morrow'receive a very large rein- It may be asked, "What became of the archpriest, who was an forcement; as it is reported among them, that the lord Lewis de excellent knight,' and had the command of a battalion, that I have Navarre is on his road to join them with at least four hundred not hitherto made any mention of him? I will tell the truth. As' lances." soon as the archpriest saw the enemies drawn up, and that the battle' This intelligence much inclined the French to attack the Navar- was going to begin in earnest, he quitted his company, but said to, rois at all events: they were made ready for it two or three different his people, and particularly to his banner-bearer: "I order and comtimes: but the wiser advice got the better. Those lords said, " Let mand you, under pain of my greatest displeasure, that you remain. us wait a little longer, and see what they will do; for they are so where you are, and wait the event of the battle. I set out directly proud and presumptuous that they are as eager to fight us as we are from hence, not meaning to return; for I can neither bear arms nom to meet them." Many of them were very ill and faint, from the fight against some of the knihlts that are with the enemy. If any great heat, as it was now about noon; they had fasted all the morn- one should inquire after me, this is the answer that you will give ing, and had been under arms: they were therefore much heated by him." He then set out, accompanied by a single squire, recrossed the the sun, which affected them doubly through their armor. They river, and left the others to make the best of it. They did not notice said, therefore, "If we attempt to fight them by ascending the hill his absence, as they saw his banner, and thought that he was among, in our present state, we shall certainly be beaten; but if we retreat them until the business was over. I will now speak of this battle, to our quarters, through the necessity of the case, by to-morrow and how it was stiffly maintained. At the commencement of the morning we shall form a better plan." Thus had they different conflict, when sir John Jouel had descended the hill, he was followed opinions on what was to be done. by all as closely as they could, and even by the captal and his com-.'When the knights of France (to whose honor the command of pany, who thought they should have gained the day; but it turned. this army was intrusted) saw the English and Navarrois were not out otherwise. When they perceived that the French had wheeled inclined to quit their stronghold, and that it was now midday; having about in good order, they immediately found they had been deceived. heard the information which the French prisoners who had visited However, like determined men, they were not panic-struck at the distheir army had given, and having considered that the greater part of covery, but were resolved to recover it by their gallantry in the combat. their men were exceedingly faint, through the heat; they met to- They retreated a little, then assembled together, and after that they gether, by the advice of sir Bertrand du Guesclin, whose orders they opened the ranks to give room to their archers, who were in their obeyed, and held another council. "My lords," said he, " we perceive rear, to make use of their bows. When the archers were advanced that our enemies are very eager to fight us, and have a great wish for in front, they extended themselves, and began to exert themselves. it; but, however violent they may be, they will not descend from handsomely in shooting; but the French were so strongly armed and their strong position, unless by a plan which I shall propose to you. shielded against their arrows, they were but little hurt by them, if at all, We will make dispositions, as if for a retreat, not intending to fight and for this did not fight the less valiantly, but intermixed themselves this day, (our men, indeed, are severely afflicted by the great heat;) with the English and Navarrois, as did the English with them, equ ally and order our servants, baggage, horses, &c. to cross the bridge and eager in the combat. There was much hacking and cutting of each! river, and retire to our quarters: we will, at the same time, keep other, with lances and battle-axes, seizing each other by main strength close to them, watching attentively the enemy's motions. If they and wrestling. They took and ransomed prisoners from each alter. really wish to fight us, they will descend the hill, and follow us into nately, and were so much internixed together, that they engaged the plain. As s.on as we shall perceive their motions if they act as man to man, and behaved with a degree of valor scarcely to be I think they will, we shall be ready armed to wheel about, and thus credited but by eye-witnesses. You may easily imagine that, in shall have them more to our advantage." This proposal was ap. such a crowd and so situated, nmubers were thrown down, wounded proved of by all, and considered as the best that could have been and killed: for neither side spared the other. TheFrench had need not Qffered. Each lord, therefore, returned to his people, under his ban- to sleep on their bridles; for they had opposed to them men of ability ner or pennon. The trumpets sounded as for a retreat, and every and determined enterprise. Each, therefbre, loyally agreed, not only knight and squire ordered his servants to cross the river with their This. the greater part did, and afterwards the nien-at-armsat These words "for no one should wilfimly lie," in their present position, do not seem baggage. This the greater part did, and afterwards the men-at-arms atall iecessary. It appears probable that they originially belonged to the next parsfollowed, hut very slowly. When sir John Jouel (who was an expert grilph, where they tire naturml and proper. The word "for" does not occur in I). Sanand valiant knight, and eager to engage with the French) saw the vyge, time sentence being quite mncmonne-ted with the preceding; but as his arrangement, manner of theim retreat, ha said to mime captal, "My lord, my lord, let with thi xception. is tie saue as Mr. lolmms's, we have not ventusi ho nme" thim 146 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. to defend himself and his post most vigorously, but to take every and heard the shout of "Notre Dame Guesclin!" and that none oi advantage that should offelr; if they had not done so, they must have his party appeared, but plenty of dead bodies were lying around, he been defeated. In truth, I must say, that the Bretons and Gascons soon found that the Navarrois had been discomfited; he therefore were good men, and performed many gallant feats of arms. quickly faced about, and returned the way he came. In the evening I wish now to speak of the thirty who had been selected to attack the French examined those prisoners whom they had in their tents the captal. They had been excellently mounted, on the best horses The archpriest was much inquired about and spoken of, when it wag of the army, and attentive to nothing but their orders (as, being so found that he had not been in the engagement: his people made the charged, they were bound to do): they advanced in a close body best excuses for him they could. You must know that the thirty toward the captal, who was using his battle-axe manfully, and gave cavaliers who had carried off the captal, as you have heard, never such deadly strokes with it that none dared approach him. They halted until they had brought him safe to Vernon, and lodged him pushed through the crowd by the strength of their horses, as well as in the castle. On the morrow the French decamped, and marched by the help of some Gascons who had accompanied them. to the city of Rouen, where they left a part of their prisoners. These thirty men, who, as you have seen, were so well mounted, and who knew well what they were to do, neither looking to the risk nor danger, made up directly to the captal and surrounded him. CHAPTER CCXXIII. They all fell upon him, and carried him off by dint of force, quitting the spot directly. This created great confusion, and all the battalions CHARLES V. SURNAMED THE WISE, IS CROWNED RING OF FRANCE. HIS drew thitherward; for the captal's men were like to madmen, shout- BROTHER PHILIP IS INVESTED WITH TIE DUCHv OF BURGUNDY; ANr ing out, " Rescue, rescue the captal!" All this, nevertheless, was SENT AGAINST THE FEE COMPANIES OF PILLAGERS. of no service or help to them: for, in fact, the captal was carried off ON Trinity-day, 1364, king Charles, eldest son of the late John oi in the manner I have related, and placed in safety. However, at France, was crowned and consecrated king, in the great church of the moment this happened, it was not truly known which side had our Lady at Rheims, by the archbishop of that city; and with him the best of the battle. In this grand bustle and confusion, while the his queen, the daughter of duke Peter of Bourbon. The king of Navarrois and English, like madmen, were following the captal, Cyprus, the dukes of Anjou and Burgundy, the lord Wenceslaus of who had beel captured before their eyes, sir Aymon de Pommiers, Bohemia, duke of Luxembourg and Brabant, the earls of Eu, of sir Petiton de Courton, the souldich de la Trane, and the company of Dampmartin, of Tancarville, of Vaudemont, and great numbers of the lord d'Albret, determined unanimously to make for the banner other lords and prelates, were present at this ceremony. There were of the captal. which was fixed in a bush, and which served as a great entertainments and feasts at Rheims, during the time the king standard for the Navarrois. remained, which was five days: he then departed for Paris. It The attack and defence was equally sharp and vigorous; for it would take me a long time were I to relate all the fine shows and was guarded by good men: particularly by sir Bascon de Marneil feasts the Parisians made for him at his entry. The lords and sir Geoffry de Roussillon: many were wounded, killed, un- after this, that is to say, the strangers who had come to his coronahorsed, and rescued. The Navarrois, at last, who were near this tion, returned to their own countries. When the king of France bush and about the banner, were broken in upon and forced to was come back to Paris, he gave the investiture of the duchy of Bur. retreat. Sir Bascon de Marneil with several others were slain. Sir gundy to his youngest brother, who left Paris with a noble company, Geoffry de Roussillon was made prisoner by sir Aymon de Pommiers. in order to take possession and receive the homage of the barons, The banner of the captal was immediately seized: and those who knights, cities, castles and large towns in that duchy. After he had defended it were either killed, taken, or had retreated so far that visited the whole country, he returned to Paris.!there was no news of them. While the banner of the captal was He brought with him the archpriest, who appeased the anger of!thus conquered, torn and dragged upon the ground by the Gascons, the king, which he had incurred by not fighting at the battle of ithe Bretons, the French, the Picards, the Normans and Burgundians Cocherel, by the fair reasons he gave for not bearing arms against were most valiantly fighting in another part of the field; and well it the captal.* The captal had been brought a prisoner to Paris, and, Zbehoved them so to do, for the Navarrois had made them retreat. through the intercession of the lord d'Albret, obtained his liberty on Among the French, there was already killed the viscount de Beau- his parole. He also assisted the archpriest to excuse himself toward:mont; the more the pity, for he was a young knight well formed to the king, as well as toward the French knights who had tallked very.do great things. His people, to their great sorrow, had carried him scurvily of him, notwithstanding he had overthrown lately, in a part,out of the battle, and guarded him, as I have heard related, by those of Burgundy, beyond Dijon, four hundred pillagers; over whom.ofboth sides. No one had ever seen a battle, with the like number Guillot du Pin, Taillebert, Taillebourdon and John de Chaufour of combatants, so well fought as this was; for they were all on foot, were captains.;and combated hand to hand, intermixing with each other, and striv- About this time, the king of France ordered sir Peter de Sequaindng for victory with the arms they used, and, in particular, with those ville to be beheaded in the city of Rouen, bfor having taken the part ibattle-axes which gave such astonishlingly fatal blows. of the Navarrois. Sir William de Graville would have undergone Sir Pet'iton de Courton and the souldich de la Trane were sorely the same punishment, if his son, sir Guy, had not signified to the'wounded, insomuch that they could do no service during the remain- king of France, that whatever treatment his father suffered, he would,der of the day. Sir John Jouel, by whom the combat began, and do the like to sir Beaumont de Laval, a great lord of Brittany, whom ~who had most courageously attacked and fought the French, per-. he kept as his prisoner. Upon this, the family of sir Beaumont iniformed, that day, many very gallant feats of arms, and never deigned terceded with the king, and exerted themselves so effectually that once to retreat. He had been engaged so far in the battle that he they obtained the exchange of sir Beaumont for sir William de Gra-.was grievously wounded in several parts of the head and body, and ville.t Sir Bertrand du Guesclin, at this time, gained the castle of at last made prisoner by a squire of Brittany under sir Bertrand du Roulleboise, by presenting the governor of it, sir Vautaire Austard, G1uesclin: hle was then carried out of the crowd. At length, the with six thousand francs, who retired to Brabant, whence he had'French gained the field; but on their side there were killed the come. Many large companies of'pillagers still kept possession of grand master of the cross-bows, sir Louis de Havenquerque, and diffierent forts in the countries of Caux, Normandy, Beauce, and;many others. On the side of the Navarrois, the lord de Saulx and Perche, whence they greatly harassed the kingdom of France: some,numbers of his people were slain. Sir John Jouel died in the course under pretence of serving the king of Navarre; others, for themselves of the day. There were made prisoners, sir William de Graville, sir robbed and destroyed the country, without any claims of right or ot "Peter de Sequainville, sir Geoffry de Roussillon, sir Bretrand du reason. "Franc, and several more. Few of the Navarrois escaped being slain The king of France sent his brother, the duke of Burgundy,.or taken. This battle was fought in Normandy, pretty near to against the pillagers, who appointed his rendezvous in the city of ~Cocherel, on a Thursday, the 24th day of May, 1364.* Chartres., He then took the field, accompanied by sir Bertrand du After this defeat, when all the dead were stripped, and those who Guesolin, the lord de Boucicaut, the earl of Auxerre, the lord Louis had made prisoners had put them aside and attended to the wounded; de Chalons, the lord de Beaujeu, sir Aymon de Pommiers, the lord when the greater part of the French, having repassed the bridge, Raineval, Pierre de Villaines, surnamed le Bhgue, the lord Nicholas:were retiring bruised and weary, to their quarters; sir Guy de Gra- de Ligne, grand master of the cross-bows, sir Odoart de Renti, sir,ville. son of sir William de Graville, who had been made a prisoner, Enguerrand de H~den, and full five thousand combatants. When,having in haste left Conches (a garrison town of the Navarrois,) with they found they mustered so strong, they divided themselves into!fifty lancemen,t intending to join the captal, came on full speed to three bodies; fromwhich sir Bertrand took, at the most, one thousand atlie field where the battle had been fought. Upon which the French fighting men, and marched for the country of Coutantin, toward the:in: the rear cried out, "Let us turn back, for here are-more enemies." (in herarur thinus, sir Aymon and his company, who had remained on f* The archpriest, according to thelife of Charles V. by the abb6 de Choisy, had ofteaO(n hearing-: this, sir Aymon and his comnpany, who had remained on times changed sides: sometimes for the king of France, but oftener for the king of Nathe ~fierd, seing these Navarrois advancingr, fixed his pennon aloft in.varre, becausethere was more icence allowed the soldiers of iis army. After the peace,: a b~ush as,a rallying-post for the French. W7rhen sir Guy saw this, he pillaged various provinces of France. In his retreat from the emperor Charles IV., near Macon in Burgundy, he was assassinated by his own men. His death gasve great ~ " It is sissgular enough, that the datse of so moemnorable a battle should not have joy to the people, whom he had robbed for ten years successively.-Histoire de Chaarles t~been more certain'sy known. ilistorians islace it thie 23rd May, 1364. Du Chttelet re- V.. p. 88. oerts ancient mscts, which prove it to have been the 16th May. T to the Mdmoires IHistoriques, note 31, of Bertrand du Guesclin, it is said, that sit "Froissart, in relating this battle, differs from our memoirs in several details," &c.- William de Graville was ransomed from sir Guy de Bayeuz, who had taken him, foir one.;M3moires'Historiques, vol. iv. thousand florins, and that tile king was so much angered by it, against Bayeux, and his t Lord Berners ann I). Sauvage say fifty spears; when individmals are meant, the childrenm, they were forced to leave the kingdom: the king afterwards pardoned there. word combattans, fighting-men, is generally to be made use of by Froisaart. Mr. Johnes's In tue t;ontinuation, however, of this note, it is related nearly the same as Froissart.-macon fom tra'riating "lances" lancenmn in this instance is not apparent. —ED. i as. CHIRONIC',ES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 14X neighborhood of Cherbourg, to guard the frontiers, and to prevent ward with so much haste, that by daybreak, they came before La the Navarrois from doing any mischief to Normandy. The lord of Charit6,* a large and well inclosed town upon the Loire. Sancerre, the earl of Joigny, the lord Arnold d'Andreghen, and a This they immediately scaled without any opposition; and, having crowd of knights and squires from Brittany and Normandy, accom. entered the town, toolk possession of that part of it; but as they were panied sir Bertrand. Another division was under the command of fearful lest the townspeople might have laid an ambuscade for them, the lord John de la Riviere; and with him were many knights and they dared not advance further until it should be broad day. squires of France and Picardy, whom he sent toward Evreux. The During this delay, the inhabitants of the town embarked all their dluke had the largest division. IHe went and laid siege to the castle most valuable things in boats which were on the river Loire, and hay. of' Marcheville,* which was a very strong fortress, in possession of ing also placed their wives and children in them, sailed off'in safety the Navarrois. He ordered many machines to be brought from toward the city of Nevers, which was five leagues distant. The 3hartres, by which he flung into it stones and other things day and English, Navarrois and Gascous, who entered the town, upon day night, that much annoyed the garrison. appearing, marched forward, but found all the houses empty. Upon tlhis, they called a coun. cil, to consider if they should keep possession of the town, and fortify K,;~ll~/l~iJ T~,,~.it;! for it would be very 55!~'~~~~~ ~~~~convenient for them, as attackl each side of the Loire. They sent to in. form the lord Lewis de izi.ll 7Navarre of their situation, who was at that time in Auvergne, and patched to them sir Robert Briquet, with three'A'ttl3lr It ist~i t hundred armed Ilmlen. besieging ner Thee y crossed the counAWHILElW~ heemna-rand entered the town ota La Charit', by the bridge over the Loire. W4hen *___ * 1 * TO. AT > ~~~~they w ere thu s assem - bled together, they were in such force, they be. gao to inake grieveus war upon the kingdom of France. We will return to...... fthe duke of Burgundy, whom we left besieging Marcheville.. He had done sb much by his machines and by his as. saults, that the garrison surrendered upon. hay. ing their lives and for. CORONATION OF CHARLES V. AND HIS QUEEN. From a MS. Froissart of the 15th Century. tunes spared. The duke sent the lord de Bouci. caut, and the lord John C H A P T E R C X X I V. de Vienne, marshal of Burgundy, to take possession of it. He gave rFH LCxvr i awls OF NAVAREE MAKES INcURSIONS INTO FRANCE. T.HE the castle to a squire of Beauce, called William de Chartres, and UKE O URGUNDY LANS SEERAL EXPEITIONS GAINST HIM, BUT forty men to guard it. The duklire then led his army to the castle of 16 FORCEa o CoO INTO aURGUNDY, TO DEFEND IT AGAINST THE EARL DE Camerolles, which he surrounded, for it is situated in the flat country. paONTBELLof which grAR eatnumbersD. Sti rmained n Franc that h had wIt is time to say something of the lord John de la Riviere, who was 1MONTBEELIARD. besieging Acquigni, near to Passy, in the county of Evreux. He WHILE these men-at-arms were harassing the Navarrois, and had under him two thousand good combatants; for he was so great a enem-nies of the realm, in Beauce and in Normandy, the lord Lewi enemies of the realm, in Beauce and in Normandy, the lord Lewis favorite with the king that he managed the finances according to his of Navarre (the lord Philip being dead) had taken upon himself the pleasure Te castle of Ac w garisoned by Englih, or management of the war for his brother the king of Navarre, and hadrrois, who had fled thither afte sent a challenge to the king of France, because the object of this war Cocherel. They defended themselves well, and were amply provided was personal to their family, being for a right of inheritance. He with artillery a th standing this, ma tt w er a eso had therefore assembled men-at-arms ever since the battle of Co- w ell m anaged, that they surrendered upon having their lives and cherel, and was collecting them from every part he could get them. fortunes spared, and carried their property with the to Cherbourg, fortunes spared, d and carried their property with them to Cherbourg, He had been so active himself, and by means of the captains of com- whither thy retired. The lord John placed a new garrison in the whither theay retired. The lord John placed a new garrison in the panics, of which great numbers stillremained in France, that he hadrd the city of Evreux. Und assembled upward of twelve hundred lances. With him were sir e mand, were sir Hugh de Chhtillon, the lord of Sanny, the lord Louis Robert Knolles,f sir Robert Ceny,4 and sir Robert Briquet de Cars. de Sancerre, sir Matthew de Roye, the lord of Moufang, the lord of nelle.~ The men-at-arms, who were every day increasing, were Eloy, the lord of Crequi, the lord of Campy, sir Odoart de Renti, sir quartered between the rivers Loire, and Allier,II and had overrun a Etguerrand de It din, and many other hts and squires of France. Enguerrand de wHedin, and maly other knigohts and squuires o f Fra.nce. part of the Bourbonnois and Auvergne, between Moulins,~I St. Pierre In the mean time, the duke of Burgundy pressed so hard upon the le Moustier** and St. Poursaint.tit From this body, whom the lord garrison of Camerolles, that they were forced to surrender at discre. Lewis d'Navarre commanded, a company of aboutthree thousand were tion. All the foreign soldiers were pardoned; but some French detached under the orders of Bertrand de la Salle and Ortingo. They pillagers, who had taken refuge there, were put to death. Some of crossed the Loire above Marcilly les Nonnains, and pushed for- the principal burgesses of Chartres came to the duke's camp, to entreat M Marcheville-a town in Beauce, diocese of Chartres. of him to give them the castle of Camerolles, as a recompense for the t Sir Robert Knolles was a great captain, and the maker of his Pwn fortune. There use of their machines; for it had done them much harm in former is a doubt if he were or were not a knight of thile Garter (No. 74.) See J11. dtnstis. Hay- times. The duke consented to their reuest; and immediately they ing considered the different very great employments he held, &c.. I am inclined to; "Sir Robert Ceny," sir Robert Cheny. See his pedigree in M. Gough's Sepulchral The duke marched next to a castle called Drne, which is situated Monuments. His descendants were called to the house of Peers, 3rd Henry VII. in the plains oi' Beauce, and was in the possession of pillagers. He ~ "Sir Robert Briquet de C(arsnelle." I can find nothing about him. took it by storm, and killed all that were found in it. He then halted tl Allier-a river in Languedoc, which rises in the Gevaudan, near the village of Coudray, whence, flowing northward, it travesses Auvergne and the Bourbonnois. and before a castle called Preux, and surrounded it on all sides. He mado then, entering the Nivernois. flls into tle Loire, haout a league above Nevers. many an assault, in hopes of carrying it; but at last the garrison sur~ Moulins-capital of the Bosirbonnois, on the Allier. randered on having their lives spared: they carried nothing witlC 5* St. P ierre I Monslt ier-a town of A the N i s them; but all the French remaine d prisoners at the duke's will.T II Marcilly les ~qonnains —a village in Berry, election of La Charity. * La Charit, a town in tile Nivernois. 148 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. duke ordered the castle to be taken possession of by his marshals, When the lord Lewis found he could not have their aid, he re and made a present of it to a knight of Beauce, called sir Peter du treated, by the orders of his brother, toward Cherbourg. Upon which, Bois, in order that he might sufficiently guard and repair it. The the king of France, that the lord Charles de Blois might have more duke, and the greater part of his army, went after this to Chartres, to men-at-arms, commanded the duke of Burgundy to treat with the refresh themselves. garrison for their surrendering the town and fort, on condition of not When he had been there five or six days, he set out to besiege the bearing arms for the king of Navarre during three years. The garcastle of Connie,* which had done so much mischief to all the country rison complied with these terms, surrendered La Charit6, took,lothiag round, and pointed against it six large machines. During the time with them, and marched out on foot: they passed through the kingthese sieges, assaults, and conquests were going forward in Beauce dom of France under passports of the duke of Burgundy. The old and Normandy, the lord Lewis de Navarre was overrunning Au- inhabitants of La Charit6 now returned back to it, having been forced vergne. He kept the field, and impoverished the whole country; to reside in other places. The duke went to Paris. for no one went forth against him. Those also who were at La After this, the king of France granted permission for his cousin, Clharit6 upon the Loire did in those parts just what they pleased. the lord Charles de Blois, to raise in his kingdom a thousand lances. On the other hand, the earl of Monthelliard, with some allies from He again wrote to sir Bertrand du Guesclin, who at the time was in Germany, had entered the duchy of Burgundy, near Besangon, and Normandy, to march to the assistance of the lord Charles, against was despoiling it. On which account, the king of France ordered the earl of Montfort. These orders gave sir Bertrand great pleasure, the duke of Burgundy to raise the siege of Connie, and come to Paris; for he had always considered the lord Charles as his natural lord for it was necessary that he should go into Burgundy. He set out, therefore, from Normandy, with all the troops that were The duke, on receiving this news, was very pensive; for he had under him, and marched through Tours, in his way to Brittany. The publicly declared, that he would never depart from Connie until he lord de Boucicaut went to guard Normandy in his place.' Sir Ber had subjected it to his will. But those of his council made him un- trand continued his march until he came to Nantes, where he me\ derstand, that since the king, who had sent him thither, ordered him the lord Charles de Blois and his lady. They received him very to return, he might very well leave the place without disgrace. Those kindly, and thanked him much for coming to their assistance. They in Connie had no information whatever respecting this: they were, had then a long conference, upon what was to be done: for they therefore, summoned by the marshals to surrender unconditionally, were in the best parts of Brittany, which were much attached to the which they refused. They said, they were willing to surrender, on lord Charles de Blois, as their duke and lord, and willing to su.pport having their lives and fortunes spared. These terms were then him. They conferred also on the means of raising the siege of Auagreed upon. The duke gave the castle to a squire of Beauce, whose ray, and fighting with the lord John de Montfort. Within a very name was Philip d'Arcieres, who repaired it, and garrisoned it with short time, many barons and knights came thither from France and good and trusty men. Normandy: among whom were tihe earl of Auxerre, the earl of The duke went to Chartres, and then gave up the command of the Joigny, the lord de Franville, the lord de Prie, le Bbgue de Villaines, greater division of his army to the earl of Auxerre, Boucicaut, and the and many other knights and squires, all of the right sort, and good lord Lewis de Sancerre. He set out for Paris, taking with him men-at-arms. the lord Louis d'Alengon, the lord of Beaujeu, and the lord of Vienne. News was brought to the lord John de Montfort, at that time be. He ordered the Burgundians to march toward Burgundy as speedily sieging Auray, that the lord Charles de Blois was assembling large as possible. But the duke himself went to meet the king, who was bodies of men; that a number of the lords of France were come to at that time at Vaux-la-Conmtesse in Brie. He remained but one day him, and were daily arriving, to assist him, in conjunction with those there, and then set out for Troyes in Champagne; whence he took barons, knights and squires of Brittany, who had remained steady to the road to Langres, sending everywhere for men-at-arms. The his interest. As soon as lord John heard this, hie made it known in Burgundians were already collected, and drawn out as a frontier to the duchy of Aquitaine to the knights and squires of England who their enemies: the archpriest, the lord of Chbteau-Vilain, the lord of were there, and in particular to sir John Chandos, earnestly entreat. Vergey, the lord of Grancy, the lord of Soubournon, the lord of Rou- ing them to come to his aid in the difficulties they were about to gemont, and a very rich man called John of Boulogne, the lord of encounter: adding, that he expected Brittany would afford such a Prises, sir Hugh de Vienne, the lord du Chatel, the bishop of Langres, field of honor, that all knights and squires wlho were desirous of ad and several more, who were all mightily rejoiced on the arrival of the vancing their name ought most cheerfully to come thither. lord duke. They immediately marched against their enemies, who When sir John Chandos saw himself thus affectionately entreated were full fifteen hundred lances; but they retreated across the Rhine. by the earl of Montfort, he spoke of it to the prince of Wales, ta Upon which, the Burgundians entered the county of Montbelliard, know how he should act. The prince said, hie imight go there with and burnt the greater part of it. out any blame, since the French had already taken part against the earl in support of the lord Charles; and he advised him to accepi the invitation. Sir John Chandos was much rejoiced at this. and C H A T E R C x x v. u~made accordingly grand preparations. He asked several knights and squires of Aquitaine to accompany him; but few went except the KING CHARLES ORDERS THE DUKE OF BUROUNDY TO BESIEGE LA CiIARITE. Esglish. Ilowever, he condueted full two sundred laices, and as HE WANTS IT TO SURRENDER UNCONDITIONALLY, THAT HE MAY SEND HE WANTS IT TO SURRENDER UNCONDITIONALLY, THAT HE MAY SEND many archers, and marching through Poitou and Saintonge, entered ASSISTANCE TO LORD CHARLES DE BLOIS, WO IS CONTESTING TE Brittany. He went straight to tlhe siege of Auray, where hie found DUCHIY OF BRITTANY WITH THE EARL OF MONTFORT. the earl of Montfort, who was very happy at his arrival; as were sir iN the interim, the king of France sent his constable, the lord Olivier de Clisson, sir Robert Knolles, and the other companions. It Moreau de Finnes, and two marshals, the lord de Boucicaut and seemed to them, that now no evil could befal them, since sir John John de Mauquerchi, lord of Blainville, accompanied by many knights Chandos was in their company. and squires, to besiege La Charit6 upon the Loire. On their arrival, Many knights and squires crossed the sea in haste from England, they attacked it one side, and every day had skirmishes with the eager to advance their fortunes, and to fight with the French. They garrison of the place. came to the aid of tlhe earl of Montfort, before Auray, who received When the duke of Burgundy and the greater part of his troops, them all with greatjoy. They were therefore in all, as well Bretons who had accompanied himinto the county of Montbelliard, were re- as English, when mustered, sixteen hundred men-at-arms, and from turned to Paris, the king sent him, with upward of a thousand lances, eight to nine hundred archers. to La Charit6. There were then at that siege three thousand knights We will now return to the lord Charles de Blois, who remained and squires, of whom many went every day to skirmish with the in the good city of Nantes, and made there his muster of knights garrison; when several were killed and wounded on both sides. At and squires from all parts; for he had been informed that the earl a sally which the garrison made, the lord Robert of Alenqon, son of of Montfort had been strongly reinforced by the English. Ile therethe earl of Alenqon, who was killed at Crecy, and the lord Louis fore entreated those barons, knights and squires whose homage he d'Auxerre, who was the son of the earl of Auxerre, then present, had received, to assist him in guarding his inheritance, and in dewere knighted, and displayed their banners. The inhabitants of La fending him against his enemies. Charit6 were very hard pressed, and would willingly have surrendered Among the barons of Brittany who came to serve him, in obediupon terms; but the duke was resolved to have them unconditionally, ence to his summons, were the viscount de Rohan, the lords de and for that reason had guarded the river so that no provision could L6on, Charles de Dinan, de Rieux, de Tournemrine, d'Ancenis, de enter the town. Malestroit, de Quentin, d'Avaugour, de Lohe'ac, du Pont, and many During this time, the lord Lewis de Navarre, who was destroying others whom I cannot name. These lords and their companies were everything before him in the country of Auvergne, exerted himself quartered in the city of Nantes, and in the villages around it. When much, and assembled a sufficient body of men to enable him to raise they were mustered, they were estimated at two thousand five hun the siege of La Charit6: he had collected two thousand combatants dred lances, including those who had come from France. These at the least, and had also sent into Brittany to request that sir Robert lords did not wish to make any long stay, but advised the lord Charlec Knolles, sir Walter Huet, sir Matthew Cournay, and several other to march against his enemies. knights and squires, would hasten to his assistance. They would When the lord.Charles was about to set out, and was taking leave have complied cheerfully; but at the time they were engaged with of the lady his wife, she said to him, in the presence of sir Bertrand the earl of Montfort, besieging the castle of Auray,t who had sworn du Cuesclin and some of the barons of Brittany: " My lord, you are he would not depart until it had submitted to his pleasure. going to defend your inhleritance and mine (for that which is ndne is * Connie-a village in Beauce. election ofhitteaudun. yours,*) which the lord John de Montfort had seized, and has kept for t Auray-a sea-port in Brittany —diocese of Vannes. One of my MSS. says, it was founded by Arthur. * Johanna. oountess af Penthidvre, born 1319, was made heires of Brittny br her CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 149 a long time most wrongfully, without any right, as God knows. The viscount de Rohan, the lords de L6on, d'Avaugour, Charles de Dinan, barons of Brittany, who are here present, know well that I am the d'Ancenis, de Malestroit, and several others. In the rear-guard were, rightful heiress of it. I therefore most earnestly beg and entreat of the lords de Raix, de Rieux, de Tournemine, du Pont, and many good you, that you will not listen to any treaty, or composition, which knights and squires. Each of these battal'ons was composed of a may be offered, so that the whole body of the duchy may be ours?" thousand men. The lord Charles de Blois entreated every one in the The lord Charles promised to comply with her request. fairest manner, that they would loyally and discreetly assist him. He All the lords, knights, and barons who were at Nantes departed, swore, upon his soul, and his hopes of Paradise, that it was for a just e-ach having bid adieu to his lady, whom he considered as his duchess, and right cause they were going to engage. He assured each, that, they began their march, and took the road to Rennes,* where, on if they acquitted themselves well, he should feel himself ever obliged their arrival, they were quartered, and in its environs. They halted to them. there to refresh themselves, as well as to learn the numbers and We must now speak of the dispositions of the English and Bretons, countenance of their enemies, and to consider of the best place to and in what manner they drew up their army. You first must under. offer battle, in case they should not be able to find a situation which stand that, though the earl of Montfort was the commander-in-chief, might give them an advantage. Many fine speeches and harangues yet it was under the sole direction of sir John Chandos: for the king were made by the knights and squires of France and of Brittany, of England had thus settled it with the earl of Montfort. He had also who had come to thile succor of the lord Charles de Blois. Lord ordered sir JohniChandos to have especial regard to wxhatever conCharles was very courteous and polite, and perhaps would willingly cerned the interests of his son-in-law; for the earl of Montfort had have listened to terms of peace, and been content with a part of received one of the king's daughters* in marriage. In obedience to Brittany, without much wrangling: but he was, in God's name, so such orders, sir John Chandos advanced before the knights and hard pressed by;the last words of the lady his wife, and the knights squires of Brittany who were about the person of the earl of Montfort, of his party, that he could neither draw back nor dissemble. and having well considered the dispositions of the French in his own mind, thought so highly of them, he could not remain silent, but said: "As God is my help, it appears to me that all the flower and honoz CHAPTE H CC xxXvi. of chivalry is there, most wisely and expertly drawn up." He then added aloud to those knights who were within hearing: "Gentlemen, THE LORD CHARLES OF BLOIS ADVANCES AGAINST THE EARL OF MONTFORT it i time that we form our line of battle; for the enemy have set us IN ORDERf OF BATTLE. SIR JOHN CHANDOS, AFTER HAVING DRAWN UP the example." Those who heard him replied: " Sir, you say truly; THE BATTALIONS OF THE EARL OF HONTFORT, PREVENTS THIE TREATY and, as you are our commander, you will form us according to your FROME TARING PLACE WHI-CH THE LORD DE BEAUHANOIR WAS NEGOTI- wish; for there is none higher than yourself to look to, and you know ATING BIETWEEN TEIE TWVO FRETENDENS TO THE DUCHY OF BRITTANVY. much better than any one how to order such things." BETWEEN Vannes and Auray, where the earl of Montfort was en- Sir John Chandos formed three battalions and a rear-guard. He camped, there are eight country leagues; so that news was soon placed over the first, sir Robert Knolles, sir Walter Huet, and sir brought to him that the lord Charles was advancing with the finest Richard Burley.t The second battalion was under the command of body of men-at-arms, the handsomest equipped and the best ordered sir Olivier de Clisson,4 sir Eustace d'Ambreticourt, and sir Matthew that had ever left France. This intelligence gave great joy to the Gournay. The earl of Montfort had the third, which was to remain English who were there; for they were eager for the fight. These near his person. There were in each battalion five hundred men.atcompanions, therefore, immediately set about putting their armor in arms, and four hundred archers. When he came to the rear-guard, good repair, and refurbishing their lances, daggers, battle-axes, coats he called sir Hugh Calvefly to him, and said: " Sir Hugh, you will of mail, helmets, skull-caps, visors, swords, and all sorts of weapons, take the command of the rear-guard of five hundred men, and keep as they well imagined they should soon have use for them. on our wing, without moving one step, whatever may happen, unThe commanders of the army then waited on the earl of Mont- less you shall see an absolute necessity for it; such as our battalions fort; first, sir John Chandos (whose advice he meant in particular giving way, or being by accident broken: in that ease, you will to follow,) sir Eustace d'Ambreticourt, sir Robert Knolles, sir Hugh hasten to succor those who are giving way, or who may be in disor. Calvery, sir Matthew Gournay.t These knights and barons, having der: and assure yourself, you cannot this day do a more meritorious deliberated on their present situation, resolved that it would be most service." advantageous to quit their quarters early in the morning, and take When sir Hugh heard sir John Chandos give him these orders, lihe the field. They might then consider on the best mode of acting was much hurt and angry with him, and said: " Sir John, sir John, against the enemy, when they should have had more exact informa- give the command of this rear-guard to some other; for I do not wish tion concerning them. Orders were therefore given, that the whole to be troubled with it;" and then added, "Sir knight, for what manarmy should, on the following morning, be ready armed and in battle- ner of reason have you thus provided for me? and why am not I as array, as if they were immediately to begin the engagement. fit and proper to take my post in the front-rank as others?" This night passed quietly. On the morrow, which was a Saturday, Sir John discreetly answered: "Sir Hugh, I did not place you with the English and Bretons issued forth from their quarters, marching the rear-guard because you were not as good a knight as any of us; gayly in order of battle, to the rear of the castle of Auray, where they for, in truth, I know that you are equally valiant with the best: but halted, and, having chosen a situation, declared they would wait I ordered you to that post, because I know you are both bold and there the coming of their enemies. Almost immediately after day- prudent, and that it is absolutely necessary for you or me to take that break,.the lord Charles and his army appeared. They had marched' command. I therefore most earnestly entreat it of you; for, if you on the Friday after dinner from Vannes, and had rested that night will do so, we shall all be the better for it; and you yourself will ac three small leagues distant from Auray. The troops of the lord quire great honor: in addition, I promise to comply with the first re Charles were in the handsomest and best order, and drawn up in the quest you may make me." Notwithstanding this handsome speech most brilliant manner that could be seen or imagined. They marched of Sir John Chandos, sir Hugh refused to comply, considering it as a in such close order, that one could not throw a tennis-ball among great affront offered him, and entreated, through the love of God, with them, but it must have struck upon the points of some of their lances, uplifted hands, that he would order some other to that command; for, so stiffly did they carry them. The English took great pleasure in in fact, he was anxious to enter the battle with the first. This con. looking at them duct nearly brought tears to the eyes of sir John. He again ad. The French halted in this order in front of their enemies, and took dressed him, gently saying: "Sir Hugh, it is absolutely necessary their ground on an extensive heath. Their marshals gave strict charge that either you or I take this command: now, consider which can be that no one should quit his ranks without orders, and that there most spared." Sir Hugh, having considered this last speech, was should be no tilting, justs, or assaults. The men-at-arms, having mtch confused, and replied: " Certainly, sir, I know full well that halted, formed their line of battle, and made preparations for an im- you would ask nothing from me which could turn out to. my dishonor; mediate combat, as they expected nothing less, and were very de- and, since it is so, I will very cheerfully undertake it." Sir Hugh sirous of it. The lord Charles de Blois, by the advice of sir Bertrand Calverly then took the command of the battalion called the reardu Guesclin, (who was a great captain, and much praised and con- guard, entered the field in the rear, on the wing of the others, and fided in by the Bretons,) formed his army again. He divided it into formed his line. three battalions and a rear-guard. It seems to me, that sir Bertrand It was on Saturday the 8th day of October, 1364, that these bathad the command of the first; and with him were numbers of knights taliois were drawn up facing each other, in a handsome plaii, neat and squires of Brittany. The earl of Auxerre had the second, withI to Auray in Brittany. I must say, it was a fine thing to see and reflect the earl of Joigny and many knights and squires from France. The on; for there were banners and pennons flying, with the richest artbird battalion was commanded by the lord Charles himself: under mor on each side: the French were so handsomely and grandly drawn hihu were the principal lords of Brittany; among whom were the I up, it was great pleasure to look at them. While either party was forming or dividing its battalions, the lord uncle, John tlt., who, to strengthen her title, gave her in marriage to Charles de Blois, of Beanmnanoir, a very great and rich baron of Brittany, was go.ing to lord of Guyse and Mayenne, nephew of Philip IV. king of France. and from each army, with propositions for peace. Very willingly "When the earl of Montfee gained the dukedom, and held it from the crown of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - France, lee engaged to give Johanna lands that should yield her 20,000 li'anis yearly, * The princess MIary. besides Penthidvre and Limnogos."-ANoaSON. t Sir Richard Burley —was nephew of sir Simon Burley, knight of the Garter, who "Rteennes." I believe, with Denys Sauvage, it should be Vannes, consiserently with was beheaded early in Ilichard II.'s reige. —Goeus's Sep. Meren. vol. i., p. 150. what follows; but it is tennes, in all my printed editions and MS. and also in the Heis- "Sir Olivierde Clidson." )oms Desrire, irs his [Histoire de Ia Brdts gne, says thnt this loire de Brdtagne. Olivier de Clisson was not the nephew of sir Waiter de Clisson, who ws-as killed, 15Il, at t Sir Matthew de Gournay. See more of him in thb second volume ofGouglh's Se- the siege of Chateauceau, but seems to have been the "Wvritable seigneer de Cli on." pulchral Monuments, page20. He died at the age ot 6.. — Vol. i. p. 148. 150 CHRON.ICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPA]IN, &c. would hlie have labored, if he had been able to ward off' the perils that then ordered his banners and men-at-arms to march, in thle name of were on the point of happening. He was earnest in the buless: God and St. Ives. and the English and Bretons on the side of Montfort, allowed him to pass and repass, to parley with sir John Chandos, and the earl of Montfort, because he had pledged his honor, as a prisoner, and there- C H A P T E R C C X X V I I. fore could not bear arms against them. This same Saturday, he THE 3AT'rTLE OF AURAY, 1N wiICh SIR BERTRAND DU GUESCLIN I MIADE brought many proposals, in hopes to make a peace; of which, how- PRISONER. CHARLES DE BLOIS IS SLAIN; AND JOHN DE MONTFORIT Is ever, none succeeded: he was occupied with one party or the other VIcToRIous. until noon. He nevertheless obtained, through his good sense, i A LITTLE before eight in the morning, the two armies advanced truce between the two armies for this day and the following night, near to each other It was a very fine sight, as I have heard those until the morrow at sunrise. Each army retreated to their quarters, relate who saw it; for the French were i such close order that one and re~~~~~~~~~~~~~~frlated themele swit; o h rnh wereat tuhoey -rethad.on and refireshed themselves with what they had. could scarcely throw an apple among them without its falling on a During the timne the truce lasted, the governor of the castle of Au- helhnet or lance. Each man-at-arms carried his spear right before ray came out of it, on Saturday night,.and went peaceably to tile him, cut down to the length of live feet; a battle-axe, sharp, strong, army of the lord Charles de Blois, who graciously received him. The and well steeled, with a short handle, was at his side, or hung from name of the governor was Henry de Hauternelle, a very expert war- his neck. They advanced thus handsomely a foot's pace, each lord rlor, who brought with him forty lances, good companions, well armed in array and among his people, with his banner or pennon before and well mounted, who had aided him in guarding that fortress. hint, well knowing what they were to do. On the other hand, the When the lord Charles saw the governor, he asked him, laughingly, Enlish were drawn up in the handsomest order. the state of the castle. "IIn God's name," replied the squire, "and Te Bretos, uder the command of sir Bertrn du uesli, praise be to him, we are still sufficiently provided with everything for posted themselves with his banner opposite to the battalion of sir two or three months, should there be occasion." " Henry, Henry," Robert l(olles and sir Walter Huet. The Bretons of either party answered lord Charles, " to-morrow by daybreak, you shall be made placed the banners of their two lords, who was each called duke, free in every respect, either by a treaty of peace or by a battle." opposite to the other. " My lord," replied the squire, "God grant us his assistance." By in this first (nset, there were bard blows between the lancemen, my faith, Henry," said the lord Charles, "I have under my command and a sharp scuffle. True it is, that the English archers shot well at two thousand men-at-arms, of as good stuff, and as much inclined to the commencenent; but their arrows hurt not, as the French were acquit themselves well, as there are in the kingdom of France." too well armed and shielded from them. Upon this, they flung away My lord," answered the squire, " this is a great advantage: you their bows; and being light and able men, they mixed with the menshould therefore praise God, and thank him most gratefully: likewise at-arms of' their party, and attacked those of the French who had sir Bertrand du Guesclin, and the Barons of France and Brittany, battle-axes. Being men of address and courage, they immediately who have come so courteously to your assistance." Thus the lord seized several of these axes, with which they afterwards fought valCharles amused himself ia conversation with sir Henry, and with one iantly and successfully. There were many gallant feats of arms or another, and passed the night Inuch at his castle. or another, and passed the night much at his ease. performed; many a struggle, many a capture, and many a rescue. In the course of this evening, some English knights and squires I You must know, that whoever had the misfortune to fall, found great earnestly begged of sir John Chandos that he would i.mt listen to ally ear Ctly ~ he d ofotalewol o tiitaydifficulty to rise again unless lie was speedily succored. overtures of peace between the earl of Montfort and the lord Charles The battalion of lord Charles marched straight to that of lord John de Blois; for they had expended their whole fortune, and were so de Montifort, which was very strong and deep. In his company poor, that they hoped by means of a battle, either to lose their all, or were the viscount de Rohan, the lords de Leon, Charles de Dinan, to set themselves up again. The knight assented to the request. d uintin, dAncenis, and de Rochfort, each with his banner ds ICD ~~~~~~de Quintin, d'Ancenis, and de Rochfort, each with his banner din-'When Sunday morning came, each army nade itself ready, and played before him. The engagement between these two battalions armed. Many masses were said in that of lord Charles, and the sa- very severe nd desperate, n wel fought on both sides. Tht cralentwasadmnisere toallwho ishd i. Te sme as onewas very severe and desperate, and well fought on both sides. That crent as dminiteed to all who wished i. The same was done of the earl of Montfort was at first thrown into confusion; but sir ill the army of the earl of Montfort; and a little before sunrise, each Hugh Calverly, who was upon its wing with a good battalion of galperson posted himself in the same battle array as on the preceding day. hait men, perceiving them giving way aid opening their ranks, drove Shortly after, the lord de Beaumanoir, who had prepared different the enemy back, and replace everything by fore of arms. proposals of peace, and who would willingly have brought them to action was cetainly of great useto them. naction was certainly of great use.-to them. some agreement, had he been able, returned to the charge, and came In another part of the plain, sir Olivier de Clisson, sir Eustace galloping toward sir John Chandos, who left his battalion and the d'Ambreticourt, sir Matthew Gournay and several other valiant earl of Montfort, at the timel with him, as soon as he perceived his knights and squires, fought valorously with the battalion of the earls intentions, and advanced into the plain to meet him. When the lord of Auxerre and Jigny, which was very numerous and deep, and de Beaumanoir came up, he saluted him very humbly, and said; " I crowded with several able men-atarms. Many bol actions wee r entreat of you, sir John Chandos, in the name of God, that we may performed oi both sies: prisoners and rescues were frequent. Ter performed onl both sides: prisoners and rescues were fi'equent. Tile bring these two lords to sonie agreement; for it is a great pity that French and Bretons fought in earnest with their battle-axes. The so many good persons who are here should slaughter each other sn lord Charles showed himself a niarvellosly good knight, eagerly support of their opinions." Sir John Chandos gave him a very dif- seeking for and engaging his enemies. His adversary, the earl of ferent -answer than what he, expected, fr'om what had passed on the Tt ferent nswer than what e expected, from what had passed on the Montfort, fought with equal gallantry; and each person spoke of them preceding evening: "Lord de Beaumanoir, I would advise you not accordig to their deserts. C, C3 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~according to their deserts. to make any more attempts at peace to-day; for our men declare Sir John Chaudos proved himself more able than his opponents; that, if they can inclose you within their ranks, they will kill you. for he was at the same time bold and hardy, redoubted by his adver You will say to lord Charles de Blois, that happen what may, the saries in battle, as well as wise and discreet in council, giving the lord John de Montfort is determined to rislk the event of a combat. clearest orders. He advised the earl in everything, and, in order to Have done, therefore, with all ideas of peace or agreements; for he animate him and his people, said to them, " Do o and so; marc to willthisday e dke o Britany ordie n th fied."animate him and his people, said to them, "1Do so and so; march to will this day be duke of Brittany, or die in the field." to this side or to that." The young earl of Montfort believed all he When the lord de Beaumanoir had received this answer from said, and folowed his advice. Chandos, he was mightily enraged, and replied: "Chandos, Chan- In another part, sir ertand du Guesin, the lords du ont, d In C~~~~~~~~~~ ~In another part, sir Bertrand du Guesclin, the lords du Pont, de dos, that is not less the intention of my lord, who has as good a will Tournemine, d.Avaugonr, de Raix, de Lohbac, he Mahestroit, de to fiight as the lord John do Montfort; his army are also of the same Prie, and many other able knights and squires of Brittany and Nor. mind." At these words, lie set off without saying anything more, mamdy, who were there on the side of the lord Charles, fought very and went to lord Charles and the barons of Brittany, who were wait- determinedly, and did many handsome deeds of arms. The battlo ing for him. was so warmly contested that all the battalions were engaged, except Sir John Chandos returned to the earl of Montfort, who asked, the rear-guard of the English, which sir Hughll Calverly commanded. "How goes on the treaty? What does our adversary say?" "What This battalion kept always on one wing, and never engaged with does he say?" replied Chandos: "why, he sends word by the lord any, but was solely occupied in recovering and bringing back to their de Beaumanoir, who has this instant left me, that he will fight with ranks those who were thrown into confusion. you at all events, and remain duke of Brittany, or die in the field." Amlong other knights, sir Olivier de Clisson played his part handThis answer was made by sir John, in order to excite the courage of somely, and did marvels with his battle-axe, by which he opened and the earl of Montfort; and he continued saying, "Now consider what cut through the ranks, so that none dared to approach him. Once, you will determine to do, whether to engage or not." " By St. indeed, his eagerness brought him into great peril; for he advanced George," answered the earl of Montfort, "engage I will, and God so forward that he had the battalion of the earl of Auxerre and assist the right cause: order our banners to advance immediately." Joigny upon him, and had hard work to extricate himself. He re. Wt~ithl rega~rdi to the lord do Beaumanoir, lie said to lord Char'les de,eived in this affair a stroke of a battle-axe, which struck off the visor Bl.ois: " My lord, my lord, by St. Ives I have heard the proudest of his helmet; and its point entered his eye, which he afterwards speech from John Chandos th;at my ears have listened to for a long lost. He was not, however, for this, a less gallant knight during the time; he has just assured ume, that the earl of Montfort shall remain whole of the day. duke of Brittany, and will clearly show to you that you have not any Battalions and banners rushed against each other, and sometimes right to it." These words brought the color into lord Charles's were overthrown, and then up again. Among the knights, sir John cheeks; whea he answered, "Let God settle the right, for he knows Chandos showed his ability, valorously fighting with his battle-axe. to w'homs it be!osos'" and thus said all the barons of Brittany. 110ei he gave such desperate blows, that all avoided him: for ho was of CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 151 great stature and strength, well made in all his limbs. He advanced retu.:ned from the pursuit, sir John Chandos, sir Robert Knolles, sih to attack the battalion of the earl of Auxerre and the French. Many Eustace d'Ambreticourt, si Matthew Gournay, sir John Boursier,' bold actions were performed; and through the courage of himself sir Walter Huet, sir Hugh Calverly, sir Richard Burley, sir Richarm aAd people, he drove this battalion before him, and threw it into such Tancon,t and several others, drawing near to the earl of Montfort disorder that, in brief, it was discomfited. All their banners and came to a hedge, where they began to disarm themselves, knowing pennons were thrown on the ground, torn and broken: their lords the day was theirs. Some of them placed their banners and pennon. and captains were in the greatest danger; for they were not succored in this hedge, with the arms of Brittany high above all, in a bush, as by any, their people being fully engaged in fighting and defending a rallying post for their army. themselves. To speak truly, when once an army is discomfited, Sir John Chandos, sir Robert Knolles, sir Hugh Calverly and others, those who are defeated are so much frightened, that if one fall, three then approached to the earl of Montfort, and said to him, smiling; follow his example, and to these three ten, and to ten thirty; and "My lord, praise God, anid make good cheer, for this day you have also, should ten run away, they will be followed by a hundred. Thus conquered the inheritance of Brittany." He bowed to them very it was at the battle of Auray. respectfully, and then said, loud enough to be heard by all around These lords shouted again and again their cries of war, as well as himy; Sir John Chandos, it is to your valor and prudence that I am their banner-bearers, which some who heard them answered; but indebted for the good fortune of this day: this I know for a truth, others were too much in the rear, and from the greatness of the crowd as well as all those who are with me: I beg you will, therefore, recould not advance, so that the earl of Auxerre was desperately fresh yourself out of my cup." He then extended to him a flagon wounded, and taken, under the pennon of sir John Chandos: he full of wine, and his cup, out of which he himself had just drank, gave his pledge as a prisoner, as well as the earl of Joigny and the adding, "After God, I owe more thanks to you than to all the rest lord de Prie, a great banneret in Normandy. The other battalions of the world." As he finished these words, the lord de Clisson fought very valiantly, and the Bretons made a good appearance still. returned, out of breath and very hot. He had pursued the enemy a Itmust however, to speak loyally of this battle, be allowed, that they long way, and had just left them, bringing back his men, with a did not keep their line nor array (as it seemed) like the English and number of prisoners. He advanced directly to the earl of Montfort Bretons on the side of Montfbrt. The wing commanded by sir Hugh and the knights who were about him, leaped off his courser, and Calverly was to them, in this battle, of the greatest advantage. When refreshed himself with them. While they were thus together, two the English and Bretons of the Montfort party perceived the French knights and two heralds returned, who had been sent to examine the to be in confusion, they were much rejoiced. Some of the French dead bodies in the field, to know what was become of the lord Charles had their horses got ready, which they mounted, and began to fly as de Blois: for they were uncertain if he had been slain or not. They fast as they could. cried with a loud voice, "My lord, be of good cheer, for we have Sir John Chandos then advanced with a part of his company, and seen your adversary lord Charles de Blois among the dead." Upon made for the battalion of sir Bertrand du Guesclin, where many cour- this, the earl of Montfort rose up and said, he wished to see him him. ageous deeds were doing; but it had been already broken, and several self, for that, " he should have as much pleasure in seeing him dead good knights and squires slain. Many a hard blow was given by as alive." All the knights then present accompanied him to the spot the battle-axes, and many a helmet opened, so that several were where he was lying apart from the others, covered by a shield, which wounded and killed. To say the truth, neither sir Bertrand nor his he ordered to be taken away, and looked at him very sorrowfully. people were able to withstand the strength of their adversaries. Sir After having paused a while, he exclaimed; "Ha, my lord Charles, Bertrand was made prisoner by an English squire, under the pennon sweet cousin, how much mischief has happened to Brittany from your of sir John Chandos. In this conflict, sir John received the pledge having supported by arms your pretensions! God help me, I am as prisoner, from a baron of Brittany, called the lord of Raix, a won- truly unhappy at finding you in this situation, but at present this derfully hardy knight. After this, the Bretons and their battalion cannot be amended." Upon which he burst into tears. Sir John being broken, were as good as defeated: the others being in disorder, Chandos, perceiving this, pulled him by the skirt, and said: "My took to flight, each in the best way he could to save himself, except lord, my lord, let us go away, and return thanks to God for the sucsome good knights and squires of Brittany, who would not quit their cess of the day: for without the death of this person, you never would sovereign, the lord Charles de Blois, prefenrring death to reproach. have gained your inheritance of Brittany." They collected themselves together, and rallied round him, fighting The earl then ordered that lord Charles's body should be carried valiantly. The lord Charles and his companions kept their ground a to Guingamp,t which was immediately done with great respect, and long time, by their valor in defending themselves: at last, however, he was most honorably interred. This was but his due, as he was it was of no avail, for they were defeated and put to the rout by a good, loyal, and valiant knight. His body was afterwards sanctinumbers; for the whole strength of the English was drawing toward fled by the grace of God, and venerated as Saint Charles. Pope them. The banner of the lord Charles was conquered, cast to the Urban V. who was the reigning pointiff, approved of it, by canoni. ground, and the bearer of it slain: he himself was also killed facing zing it; for it performed then, as it does to this day, many miracles.~ his enemies, as well as a bastard of his called the lord John de Blois, After these orders, when the dead were stripped, and the victors with many other knights and squires of Brittany. returned from the pursuit, they all retired to the quarters which they It appears to me, that orders had been given to the English army, had left that morning. They disarmed themselves; and having that if they should gain the battle, and the lord Charles were found taken some refreshments, of which they had an ample provision, or made prisoner, no ransom should be taken for him, but that they they attended to their prisoners. Those that were wounded, were should kill him. In a similar case, the French and Bretons had given moved and dressed: even the servants who had suffered were well the like orders respecting the lord John de Montfort; for in this day taken care of. each party wished, by battle, to pat an end to the war. On the Monday morning, the earl of Montfort sent information to When a pursuit touk place, great slaughter and many mischiefs the city of Vannes, and to the neighboring towns, that he should happened, and several good men were killed or made prisoners. grant a truce for three days, in order that those slain in the battle The whole flower of chivalry, who had that day taken the side of might be buried in consecrated ground. This conduct was very lord Charles de Blois, were either prisoners or slain, particularly the pleasing to all. bannerets of Brittany. Among the dead, lay the lord Charles de The earl of Montfort sat down before the castle of Auray, de Dinan, the lords de L(on, d'Ancenis, d'Avaugour, de Loh6ac, de claring he would not depart thence until he had possession of it Gargolle, de Malestroit, du Pont, and many whose names I cannot News was spread abroad with great celerity, and in different places,. remember. There were made prisoners, the viscount de Rohan, sir that the earl of Monfort, by the help and assistance of the English, Guy de L6on, the lords de Rochefort, de Raix, de Rieux, de Tourne- had gained the victory; that the lord Charles was defeated and slain;: mine, sir Henry de Malestroit, sir Olivier de Mauny, the lords de and that all the knights of Brittany, who had sided with the lord; Riville, de Franville, de Raineval, with several from Normandy, and Charles, were either taken prisoners or dead. Sir John Chandos, many good knights and squires from France, with the earls of Aux- had the whole honor of this battle; for all the knights, lords, and erre and Joigny. In a word, the defeat and loss were immense: squires who had been engaged in it, declared that it was solely ow.numbers were slain in the field, as well as in the pursuit, which con- ing to his prudence and prowess they had gained the day. tinued for eight good leagues, even as far as Vannes. A variety of The friends and allies of lord Charles were much afflicted at this. accidents happened this day which had never come to my knowledge, news, as was natural for them to be; but the king of France was theand many a man was killed or made prisoner. Some fell into good most hurt; for this defeat affected him greatly, considering that~many hands, where they met with kind and civil masters. of the knights of his realm had been made prisoners and killed, This battle was fought near to Auray, in the year of our Lord 1364. Among the first, sir Bertrand du Guesclin, whom he much loved;:the earls of Auxerre, of Joigny, and all the barons of Brittany with - out exception. The king of France, therefore, sent his brother, the C H A P ~T ER C C X ~X V I cduke of Anjou, to the border. of Brittany, to the assistance of the THE CHIEFS ATTACHED TO THE EARL OF MONTFORT RETIRE AFTER THE VICTORY AT AURAY. THE EARL'S CONDUCT, ON SEEING CHARLES DE * SirJohn Bourcbirr.-BScs. t SirRichard Tnaton-BARNES. BLOtS DEAD. TRUCeS GRANTED FOR BURYING THE SLAIN. IN WHAT $ Guingamp —a town of Brittany, diocese of Treguier. ~ This is a msistakre of Froissart. There was some such intention in the pope's mind,. IdAN~NER THE KINe OF ENOLBN'D WAS Ii~FORb'IED OF THE EVENT OF THIS as there are extant letters from him to John duke of Brittany on t his subject; but, whes BATTLE OF AURAY. he understood the manaer of his death, he was not looked upon as a martyr. He was: very angry with those who had given him such honors, without the approbation of tr~ AFTEre th e total defeat of lord Charles's army, when the field of apostolic see, and, by his letters to the bishops of Brittany, enjoined them to prohitrb' battle was free, and the principal leaders, English and Bretons, were lsuch th ings being done in future. —BIANEs's Hist;.EdO; III.; Ip. 660. 1f C CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. country, which was much distressed by the loss of their lord, Charles had exhorted them to behave themselves as good men should do (fo de Blois; and to comfort and condole with the duchess of Brittany, he had assisted them:) this made them hold out, and suffer many his widow, who was in the deepest affliction. This it was the duty a sharp assault. When they fqund their provision growing low, an, of the duke to do; but he was the more earnestly engaged in this that no relief was coming to them, they entered into a treaty of peace melancholy task, having married her daughter. He therefore minost with the earl, who willingly listened to it; for he was desirous of willingly gave his promise of advice, assistance, and succor to the nothing but that they should acknowledge him as their lord, which large cities, towns, castles, and to all the country of Brittany in they did. He made a solemn entry into the town of Dinan, where which the duchess, whom he called his mother, and the whole all the inhabitants swore homage and fealty to him. country, had for a long time great confidence, until the king of France, After this, the carl marched with his army to the city of Quimrper to avoid all difficulties, made other arrangements, as you shall here- Corentin.* He laid close siege to it, and ordered large machines to after be informed of. be bro}ghlt fiorn Vannes and Dinan, saying, he would have it before News of this victory was brought to the king of England; for the he left it. I must now inform you, that the English and the Bretons earl of Montfort had written to him on the fifth day after the battle of Montfort's party, such as sir John Chandos and others, who had of Auray, and sent the intelligence, with credential letters, by a made prisoners at the battle of Auray, would not accept of ransoms pursuivant-at-arms, who had been in the engagement, to the town of for them, nor allow them to go and seek for money; because they Dover. The king of England nominated h.im his herald, and gave were unwilling they should again assemble in a body and offer them him the name of Windsor,. with a handsome present of money. battle: they sent them into Poitou, Saintonge, Bordeaux, and la Through this herald, and from some knights of both parties, I have Rochelle, to remain there as prisoners. During this time, the Engbeen informed of the whole. With regard to the cause why the lish and Bretons conquered all Brittany, from one end to the other. king of England was then at Dover, you shall immediately learn. While the earl of Montfort was besieging the city of Quimper Co. It is a well-known fact, that proposals for a marriage between the rentin, to which hie did much damage by his machines that played lord Edmund carl of Cambridge, son of the king of England, and night and day, as well by his assaults, his men overran the country, the daughter of earl Lewis of Flanders, had been treated of, and leaving nothing unpillaged. different negotiations entered upon three years before:t to which The king of France was duly informed of all that was going on: marriage the carl of Flanders had but lately given his consent, pro- many councils were held to consider how he could turn these affairs vided a dispensation could be obtained from pope Urban V., as they of Brittany to his own interest; for they were in a desperate situa. were very nearly allied. tion, unless promptly remedied, and he would be forced to call upon The duke of Lancaster, and the lord Edmund his brother, attended his subjects to support him in a new war against England on account by many knights, had been to visit the earl of Flanders, who received of Brittany. This his council advised him not to think of; but, after them with every mark of distinction; and, to show greater affection many deliberations, they said to him: " Our most dear lord, you have and love, he had accompanied them to Calais, and crossed the sea supported your cousin, the lord Charles de Blois, in Brittany, as did to Dover, where the king and part of his council had remained, the king your father, and your grandfather Philip, who gave to him When the before-mentioned pursuivant brought to this place the the heiress of the last duke of Brittany in marriage; by which means news of the affair at Auray, as it has been told, the king and his much evil has befallen Brittany and the neighboring countries. Since barons were much rejoiced at the event; as was also the earl of the lord Charles de Blois, your cousin, was slain in defending that Flanders, on account of the advancement of his cousin-german the country, there is no one now of his party in a situation to resume the earl of Montfort. war; for at this moment those to whom it belongs, and whom it The king of England, the earl of Flanders, and the other barons, touches so nearly, are prisoners in England: we mean the lord John staid at Dover three days, which were spent in feasts and entertain- and lord Guy do Blois, his two sons. WVe hear every day of the meats. When they indulged in these sufficiently, and had finished earl of Montfort conquering towns and castles, which he possesses the affairs on which they had met, the earl of Flanders took his leave as his lawful inheritance: by this means you will lose your rights, as of the king, and departed. well as the homage of Brittany, which is certainly a great honor and It seems to me, that the duke of Lancaster and the lord Edmund a noble appendage to your crown. This you ought to endeavor to crossed the channel with the earl, and attended him until he arrived' keep; for, if the earl of Montfort should acknowledge for his lord at Bruges. We will not speak longer of this matter, bat return to the king of England, ashis father did, you will not be able to recover the earl of Montfort, and mention how he conducted himself in it without great wars with England, with whom we are now at Brittany. peace, and which we would advise you not to break. Everything, therefore, fully considered, we recommend to you, our dear lord, to CHAPTER C C X X I X. send embassadors and wise negotiators to the earl of Montfort, to find out what his intentions are, and to enter upon a treaty of peace TE EARL OF MONTWORT coNQUERS DCAURAY AND SEVERAL OTHER PLATCES with him, as well as with the country, and the lady of it, who bears FPROM TIHE wmnIow OF aoan CHARLES D~E BLOIS. ItINE CeImLaas INaTE- the title of duchess. You will derive from these negotiators positive POSES BETWEEN THIEM, AND MAKES PEACE. A PEACE IS ALSO MADE information as to what are his intentions. At the, worst, it will be BETWrEEN TE KINSs oF FraNCer AND NAVARRE, TaRouGH THE MEDImUM, BETWEEN THE IN DS OP PCRANCE AND NBvARaE, Tnaouaa THE MaamUm much better he should remain duke of Brittany (provided that he will ~OPB ~ THE CAPTAL~ n~ BUCi~. ~acknowledge you for his lord, and pay you all your rights, as a loyal THE earl of Montfort, as it has been before related, laid siege to man should do,) than that this business should continue longer in Auray, and declared that he would not leave it until he had con- peril." querted it.; at which those of the castle were not very well pleased. The king of France willingly assented to this proposal. The lord They had lost their captain, Henri de Hauternelle, who had fallen John de Craon, archbishop of Rheims, the lord de Craon his cousin, in the battle with the flower of the garrison; so that they were very and the lord de Boucicaut, were ordered to set out for Quimper Co. few to defend it, and without hope of assistance. They took coun- rentin, to treat with the earl of Montfort and his council, as it has ael together, whether it would not be advisable to surrender, on been above related. These three lords departed, after having received having their lives and fortunes saved, and on these terms entered full instructions how they were to act, and rode on until they came into a negotiation with the earl. The earl, who had many other to the siege which the English and Bretons were laying to Quimper places to look to, and was not certain how the country would act Corentin, where they announced themselves as embossadors from after this victory, accepted;their terms, allowing those who would France. The earl of Montfort, sir Johin Chandos, and the members not remain with him to depart according to their inclinations. IHe of the council, received them with pleasure. These lords explained then took possession of the castle, new garrisoned it, and marched the cause of their coming. To this first opening, the carl of Mont. forward with his whole army, which increased daily; for men-at-arms fort replied, "We will consider of it," and fixed a day for his answer: and archers came to him in crowds, and many knights and squires during this interval, these three lords retired to Rennes, where they turned to his party, especially those of Lower Brittany. resided. He came before the good town of Jugon,T which shut its gates The earl of Montfort dispatched lord Latimer t to the king of against him. He remained there three days, and ordered it to be England to iniform him of the proposals for a peace he had received,,assaulted twice, which occasioned many within and without the and to have his advice on the subject. The king of England, having walls to be badly wounded. Those in Jugon, seeing themselves considered them, advised the earl to make a peace, on condition the,thus hardly pressed, and no hopes of aid, did not wish to be further duchy should be his; and also to make handsome reparation to the h:arassed: they acknowledged, therefore, the earl of Montfort for lady who was called duchess, by assigning her a fixed annuity, or aheir lord, opened the gates, and swore homage and fealty to him, rent-charge, on certain lands where they might collect it without which they faithfully promised to keep. The earl changed all the danger. nunicipal officers, appointing new ones in their stead. Lord Latimer brought back the opinion of the king of' England to He then advanced toward the city of Dinan,~ and laid siege to the earl of Montfort, who was still before Quimper Corcntin. Upon:it, which continued during the winter; for that town was well fur- the arrival of these letters, the earl and his council sent to the em. aished with men-at-arms and provision: besides, the duke of Anjou bassadors from France, who had remained at Rennes: they came immediately to the army, and had a very courteous and civil answer,thi prs tie-En. nerajo, an office which nas continued to given to them. They were told that the earl of Montfort would never' The first mention I find in itymer is dated 7th February, 136 —the second, 20th July, give up his claims to the duchy of Brittany, which he was now pos-:~t4-the third, the articles of marriage, dcated 09th October, at Dover, 1365 —the lburth, sessed of: that, nevertheless, wherever the king of France should io postpone the day of marriage, Windsor, 18th December, I13J4. $ Jugon —a town in Brittany, diocese of St. Pol. * Q uimper Corrntin —a tcwn in Brittany, generality of Nantes. ~ Dinan —a ensiiderable town in Brittanuy, diocese of St. Malo. t Lord Latimer. See DvaD)LE's Baronage. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 153,muse any cities, towns, or castles to surrender peaceably upon the HA T R c XX same terms of homage, fealty, and rights, as they were held from the preceding duke of Brittany, he would willingly acknowledge him for A WAR IN SPAIN BETWEEN THE IKNG, DON PEDRO OP CASTILLE, AN; his liege lord, and would do him homage and service in the presence HIS ASTARD 3ROTIEII HENRYTO WHOSE AID THE LORD JOHN Dr zn BOURBON AND SIR BERTRAND DUTHl HENRY —O LHO E AD THl E PILLAG~INGD of the peers of France. Moreover, on account of the affinity between BOURBON AND SIR BERTHENO DU GUESLIN LEAD TE PILLAGINO him and his cousin, the widow of the losd Charles de Blois, he was COMPAS Y, BY THEIR MENS, IS CROWNED IG OF CS willing to do everything to assist her; and would also use his en. TILLE. deavors to obtain the liberty of his cousins, the lords John and Guy AT this period,* those companies of freebooters were so much de Blois, who were detained prisoners in England. increased in France that the government did not know what to do This answer was very agreeable to the French lords who had been with them, since the wars in Brittany and those with the king of sent thither: a day was appointed for them to declare the acceptance Navarre were now put an end to. These companies having been of these terms or not: they instantly sent information of what had brought up to arms, and taught to live on pillage and plunder alone, passed to the duke of Anjou, who had retired to Angers, to whom neither could nor would abstain from it. Their great resource was the king had referred the acceptance of the terms, according to his France; and these companions called the kingdom of France their pleasure. When the duke of Anjou had considered the proposals domain. They dared not, however, make any attempts on Aquifer some time, he gavre his assent. The two knights who had been taine, for the country would not have suffered it; besides, to say the sent to him returned with his answer sealed. The embassadors of truth, the greater number of their captains were Gascons and EngFrance again left Rennes, and went to Quirmper Corentin, when a lish, or persons attached to the king of England or prince of Wales. peace with the lord of Montfort was finally agreed to and sealed. Some lords of Brittany were among them, but they were few in num. He was to remain duke of Brittany; but, in case he should have ber. On this account, many of the inhabitants of France murmured no legal heirs by marriage, the duchy should revert, after his decease, much, and complained secretly of the king of England and the to the children of lord Charies *de Blois. The lady who had been prince, that they did not act well toward the king of France in not the wife of lord Charles was created countess of Penthievre, with assisting him to drive these bad people out of the realm. They the lands attached to it; which lands were supposed worth about were better pleased to see them with their neighbors than among twevcnty thousand francs a-year, or if not, that sum was to be made themselves. The wisest of the kingdom declared, that if something up to her. The earl of Montfort engaged to go to France, whenever were not speedily done in this business, either by fighting or getting he should be summoned, to do homage to the king of France, and rid of themn out of the country, by a handsome present in money, acknowledge that he held the duchy of him. Charters and publicly they would destroy the noble kingdom of France. sealed instruments were drawn up of all these articles. Thus had There was at the time a king in Hungary who was desirous of the earl of Montfort possession of Brittany: he remained duke of it having their assistance, and would have given them full employment for a time, until new wars began, as you shall hear in the following against the Turks, with whom he was at war, for theyhad done him history. Among these articles, it was stipulated, that the lord de much mischief. He wrote, therefore, to pope Urban V. (who was Clisson should repossess those lands which kin Fhiip had formerly then at Avignon, and who would gladly have seen France delivered taken from his family. This lord de Clisson gained the confidence from these companies,) and also to the king of France and to the of the king of France, who did whatever he wished, and without him prince of Wales. He wished to enter into a treaty with their leadnothing was done. The whole country of Brittany was full of joy ers, and offered large sums of money to them and a free passage; upon the conclusion of a peace. The duke received homages from but they would not listen to it, saying, that they would not go so far cities, towns, castles, prelates, and gentlemen, to make war. It was told them by their oldest captains, who were Soon afterwards, the duke married* the daughter of her royal well acquainted with the country of Hungary, that there were such highness the princess of Wales, which she had borne to her former narrow passes, if they should in any combat be engaged in them, they husband, the lord Thomas Holland. The nuptials were celebrated would never be able to get out, but must infallibly be cut offi This with great pomp and magnificence in the good city of Nantes. report frightened them so much, that they had not any desire to go It also happened this winter, that queen Jane, aunt to the king of thither. When pope Urban and the king of France found these Navarre, and queen Blanche, his sister, labored so earnestly for peace wicked people were not likely to come into their plan, and would that it was concluded between the kings of France and Navarre, as- not quit the kingdom, but, on the contrary, multiplied daily, they sisted much by the advice and prud sa. a of the captal de Buch, who thought upon another method to free the country from them. took great pains in the business. He also obtained his liberty by it. There was in these times a king of Castille, of thle name of Don The king of France showed him great marks of esteem, and, as a Pedro,t whose mind, full of strange opinions, was very rebellious proof of it, gave him the handsome castle of Nemours, with all its and refriactory to all the regulations and commands of the church rights, appurtenances, and jurisdictions, which were worth three he wanted to subdue his Christian neighbors, more especially the thousand francs of revenue. The captal became, by this means, king of Arragon, of the name of Pater,} who was a good Catholic: liege man to the king of France. The king was well pleased at he had even taken froni him part of his possessions, and was jirereceiving him a hiomager; for he loved much the service of a knight paring to seize the remainder. such as the captal; but he was not so long, for, whenhe was returned This king, Don Pedro of Castille, had three bastard brothers, chi-l into the plincipality to the prince, who had been informed of what dren of the good Alphonso his father and a lady called la Riche Done.{ had passed, he was much blamed, and told that he could not acquit The eldest was named don Henry; the second, don Tello; the himself loyally in his service to two lords: that he was over covetous, third, don Sancho.l] Don Pedro hated them mortally; and, could when he accepted of lands in France, where he was neither honored he have laid hands on them, he would have had them beheaded. nor beloved. When he found himself in this situation, andsotreated They had been, however, much loved by their father, who in his and taunted by the prince of Wales, his own natural lord, he was lifetime had given to IHenry, the eldest, the county of Trastamare; quite ashamed of himself, and made excuses, saying, " that hlie was but the king, don Pedro his brother, had taken it firom him by force, not by any means too much connected with the king of France, and and every day was harassing him. This bastard Henry was a very that he could very easily undo all that had been done." Ie seit, valiant and worthy knight: he had been a long time in France, therefore, by his own squire, his homage back to the king of France, where he followed the profession of armns, and had served under the renounced all that had been given him, and remained attached to the king of France,l whom he loved much. prince. The king don Pedro, as common report told the story, had by dif.Among the articles of the treaty between the kings of France and ferent means caused the death of their mother, which, as was natural, Navarre, the towns of Mantes and Meulan were to be given the king gave them great displeasure. IHe had banished and murdeered many of France, who restored to the king of Navarre other castles in Nor- of the greatest barons of the realm of Castille. He was withal so mandy. cruel, and of such a horrid disposition, that all men feared, suspected About this time, the lord Louis de Navarre set out from France, and hated him, but dared not show it. He had also caused the and passed through Lombardy, to espouse the queen of Naples.t death of a very good and virtuous lady, whom hlie had married, the At his departure, he borrowed of the king of' France sixty thousand lady Blanche, daughter of duke Peter de Bourbon, and cousin-gerfrancs, upon the security of some castles which belonged to him in man to the queen of France and to the countess' of Savoy. All her Normandy. He survived his marriage with that queen but a short relations, who are of the noblest blood in the world, were most ex. time. Mayx God forgive him his faults! for he was a good and ceedingly irritated by the manner of her death.-?- There was also a courteous knight. report current among the people, that king Peter had even formed an alliance with tle kings of Bernmarine,tt Granada and Trenie~ Jolanna of Holland, daughter of Thomas earl of Kent-n-married 1366-died, without Loue, 138.-ANaEaRSON.`1 This period-135. t Dosn Pedro —the fourth, surnamed the cruel. "The queen of Naples." This must have been the too celebrated Jane, but I can- Petsr-tle fourth, surnamed the Ceremonious. not find the marriage mentioned in any other book. [Queen Joan of Niaples married ~ La Richa I)onna —leanora de Guzinan. lames of Arragon, called the infant ofMjorca, in 1362; he died in 1375. It is probably l Saucho. ii lrrt di chriior los Dates, the second son is called Frederick, sld the to this marriage that Froissart alludes, but he is miistaken in nansini, Louis as the hsus- third D. Tello. Frederick was msusrdered by Don Pedlro, 1358. l6and. —Er} ] 9] King ofFransce —John. hon Henry was at the btttle of Poitiers. ~ i She was poisonsel, by Dos Pedro's orders, iss the castle of Medina Sidonia, whlere he had conrined her. —Csoisy. Hist. Clarles V. Others say, smothered between two cushions. 11 Benamarine. Aben Jacob, king of Fez, sent his son Abornelique to take possession of lansds given him by the king of Granada, as a barrier against Alpnhonso XI. He landed with his fleet at Algezirsms 1331, with a number o' eensmarine Moors, and fsrssed a ssesv kissgdlom in Spiss, styling himself kinl of Algeziras and Ronda. —DiL Leo'S htst. Peter t/le Cruel, voi. i. p. 14. 154 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. Ven,* who were enemies to God, and infidels. Many were uneasy Arragon, they sent to him, in order to cover and mask their real in. at wrongs he might do to his country, and lest he should violate the tentions, to ask a free passage through his country, and that provision churches: for he had seized their revenues, and detained the priests might be supplied to some pilgrims of God, who had undertaken, of holy church in prison, where he vexed them with all sorts of through devotion, an expedition into the kingdom of Grenada, to tyranny. revenge the sufferings of their Lord and Saviour, to destroy the infidels, Great complaints of these proceedings were sent daily to the pope, and to exalt the Cross. Don Pedro laughed at this request, and sent entreating him to put a stop to them. Pope Urban received and for answer, that he would never attend to such beggarly crew. When attended to these complaints. He sent embassadors to the king, the men.at.-arms and companions heard this reply, they thought him don Pedro, ordering and enjoining him to come forthwith in person very proud and presumptuous, and made every haste to do him as to the court of Rome, to purge and clear himself from all the vil-i much mischief as they could. lainous actions he was charged with. They marched through the kingdom of Arragon, where every acDon Pedro, proud and presumptuous as he was, not only refused commodation was prepared for them, and they found all sorts of pro. to obey the mandate, but even received with insults the embassa- vision plenty and cheap; for the king of Arragon was very joyful dors from the holy father, for which he fell grievously under his indig- on their arrival, because this army would soon reconquer from the nation. This wicked king still persevered in his sin. It was then king of Castille the whole country which he had taken from him, and considered how or by what means he could be corrected; and it was kept by force. Whenever they won any towns, castles, cities of determined that he was no longer worthy to bear the title of king, fortresses, which don Pedro had seized from Arragon, sir Bertrand nor to possess a kingdom. He was therefore publicly excommqni- and his army gave them back to the king of Arragon, who declared, cated, in full consistory, held in the apartments of the pope, at Avig- that from that day forward, he would assist Henry the bastard against non, and declared to be a heretic and infidel. They thought they don Pedro. All the men.at-arms passed the great river' which should be able to punish him by means of the free companies who divides Castille from Arragon, and entered Spain. were in France. They requested the king of Arragon, who hated News was brought to the king of Castille, that French, English, verymuch this Don Pedro, and Henry the bastard of Spain, to come Bretons, Normans, Picards and Burgundians had crossed the Ebro, immediately to Avignon. The holy father then legitimated the birth and entered his kingdom: so that they had reconquered every place of Henry the bastard, so that he might be in a condition to obtain on the other side of the river that separates Castille from Arragon, the kingdom from Don Pedro, who had been cursed and condemned which had cost him so much trouble to gain. Upon hearing this, he by the sentence of the pope. was in a great rage, and said things should not go on thus. He issued The king of Arragon offered a free passage through his kingdom, a special ordinance throughout his kingdom, ordering all those to whom with a supply of men-at-arms, and all sorts of provision and aid, to it was addressed to meet him without delay, as he was determined tc whoever should enter Castille, and attack don Pedro to deprive him combat these men-at-arms, who had entered the kingdom of Castille of his throne. The king of France was much pleased with this intel- Too few obeyed his mandate; for, when he thought to have as. ligence, and took great pains that sir Bertrand du Guesclin, whom sembled a large force, scarcely any came to the rendezvous. All sir John Chandos held as his prisoner, should be ransomed. This the barons and knights of Spain fell off from him, in favor of his was fixed at one hundred thousand francs.t The king of France brother the bastard. This event forced him to fly, or he would have paid one part, the pope and Henry the bastard the other. Soon after been taken; and so much was he hated by his subjects and enemies, his liberty was obtained, they entered into a treaty with the chiefs of that not one remained with him, save one loyal knight called Ferdithose companies, promising them great advantages if they would go nand de Castro.t He was determined never to quit don Pedro, into Castille. They readily assented to the proposal by means of a whatever ill-fortune might happen to him. The king of Castille went large sum of money, which was divided among them. to Seville, the handsomest city in Spain; but, not thinking himself The prince of Wales was informed of this intended expedition, as in security there, he ordered all his treasures and other things to be well as his knights and squires, but particularly sir John Chandos, packed up in large coffers, which he embarked on board of ships, who was solicited to be one of the leaders of it, in conjunction with leaving Seville with his wife, his children, and Ferdinand de Castro sir Bertrand du Guesclin. He excused himself, and said he could Don Pedro arrived that same eveningt (like a knight that had been not go. This, however, did not put a stop to it: many knights who beaten and discomfited) at a town called Corunna, in Galicia, where were attached to the prince, among whom were sir Eustace d'Am- there was a very strong castle. He immediately flung himself into breticourt, sir Hugh Calverly, sir Walter Huet, sir Matthew Gournay, it, with his wife and children; that is to say, two young damsels, sir Perducas d'Albret, and several others, were of the party. The called Constance~ and Isabella.ll None of his courtiers followed lord John de Bourbon, earl of March, took the chief command, in him, nor had he any of his council with him except the above-named order to revenge the death of his cousin the queen of Spain: but he Ferdinand de Castro. was under the advice and coptrol of sir Bertrand du Guesclin, as he We will now return to his brother, Henry the bastard, and relate was at that time a very young knight. how he persevered in his designs. I have before said, that don Pedro In this expedition were also the lord of Beaujeu, whose name was was much hated by all his subjects, for the great and numberless acts Anthony, and many worthy knights: such as lord Arnold d'Andre- of injustice he had committed, and for the various murders by which ghen, marshal of France, the lords Begue de Villaines, d'Antoin in he had cut off so many of the nobility, some of them even by his own Hainault, de Brisnel, John de Neufville, Guimars de Bailheul, John hands; so that, as soon as they knew his brother the bastard had de Bergutes, the German lord de St. Venant, and others whom I entered Castille with a powerful army, they all joined him, acknow,annot name. All these men.at-arms assembled together in order to ledged him for their lord; and, having increased his army, caused begin their march at Montpellier in Languedoc. all the cities, towns, and castles to open their gates to him, and the These men-at-arms might be about thirty thousand. They all inhabitants to do him homage. The Spaniards shouted with one passed through Narbonne, in their march to Perpignan, in order to voice, " Long live king Henry! down with don Pedro, who has enter Arragon by that town.~ All the leaders of these companies treated us so cruelly and wickedly." Thus they conducted Henry were there: the lords Robert Briquet, John Carsneille, Nandon de throughout the kingdom of Castille; that is to say, the lord Gomez Bagerant, La Nuit, le petit Meschin, le bourg Camus, le bourg de Garilz,~ the grand master of the order of Calatrava,** and the master l'Esparre, Battiller, Espiote, Aymemon d'Ortige, Perrot de Savoye, and numbers more: all of one mind and accord, to dethrone don The Eb-probbly at Aro or Caahor. P "Ferdinand de Castro." In the history of Spain by Ferraras, don Pedro publicly ~Pedro from his kingdom of Castille, and to place there in his room marries the daughter of a don Pedro Fernandez de Castro, widow ofdon Diego de Baro. the bastard Henry, earl of Trastamare. during the life of his wife, Blanche de Bourbon, and of Maria di Padilla, in the yeal Don Pedro had received information that this army was marching 1354; whether the daughter of this knight who accompanied him in his flight, I know not. against him: he collected his troops, in order to meet them, and fight not. agasth:hei leterg Casti, n o rthe ere a t td eht Don Pedro retired first to Portugal, where he offered his daughter Beatrice to the boldly on their entering Castile. When they were about to enter infantof Portugal, in marriage, with a large portion of money he had brought with him. This proposal was rejected, for fear of embroiling the two kingdoms. He retreated to different castles, the governors of which refused to admit him, and stopped at the castle * Trernmecen. By Moreri, tins appears to have been a town in Africa, dependent on of Mont6ry in Galicia; from thence hie went to San Jago, and murdered the archbishop, the kingdom of Talensin. and thence to Corunna, where finding twenty-two vessels, he embarked for Bayonne. t The abb6 Choisy says, it was 30,000 francs. Don Ferdinand de Castro did not accompany him, but remained to support his interest In a note to the Memoires de Du Guesclin, it is said, that "it cost Du Guesclin 100,000 in Biscay. francs for his ransom. As he had no ready money, the lords de Matlgnon, de Montbour- He could not at that time have any wife; for he had murdered Blanche de Bourbon. cher and De Laval were his security to the general, Chandos. Charles V. paid of it and Maria d lPadilla died betbre this. lie indeed owned his marriage with Maria very 40,000 firancs, the pope and Henry Trastamnare, afterwards king of Castille, made up the solemnly, but was not believed. remainder.-.Mnmoiress Historiques. Don Pedro had entered into an alliance with the king of England and prince of Wales In a most curious history, called Lez Faiz de Messire iBertrand du Guesclin, which I as early as 1363, for fear of the vengeance of France, for the murder of queen Blanche consider as the editio princeps (from the style and manner of printing) in the Hafod For more particulars, see Ferraras's Hist. of Spain, Dillon, &c. iibrary, no mention svlatever is made of a ransom. ~ Constance married John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, who claimed the kingdom of "Les Faiz du Messine Bertrand dts Guesclin, in fol. figures, ancienne Odition gothique. Castille after don Pedro's death. "'Je an'i vu ce hevre nulls part ailleurs qlue datns le catalogue do marechal d'Estr}es, (Isabella-first wife of Edmund, duke of York, married [372, much lamented' for her nhm. 1~52. On seroit portd h croire c'est le m~me qise se manuscrit de Mdnard, qu'il a youthful wantonness, died 1392. —ANDERSON'S R. Gera. p ublii c'omme inconnu jusqi'alors, ainsi qu'il dit dons son avis au lecteur." —Extract ~ "Gomez Garilz." Denys Sauvage cannot make out who this is; nor is the account from the Bibliothelrqse Historiquc dce Frairnce dii P~'e le Long. correct, according to other historians. Many of the king's friends remained steady to In the Mnmoires ie Bertrand, by M. Guyard de l3erville, 2 vols. 12mo. it is said that him, as did the bulk of his army. Don Garcia Alvarez de Toledo, master of the knight, Charles V. paid part of the 100,000 francs of the ransom, and that Bertrand found the of St. James, who commanded at Logrono; Garcia de Padilla, governor of Agreda' lest himself. Fernando de Toledo, brother to the master of St. James: and Boccanegra, admiral ol:"Neufvile." Sir John Neville. Castille, were among the number. —]IoLLoN. ~ Choisy eayre, athat one part embarked at Aigues-Mortes for Barcelona, and that the **" Master of Calatrava." Martin Lopez de Cordova, master of Calatrava, fPo test went by,and. lowed don Pedro's fortunes, and went with him from Seville to Portugal. —DnaLoe. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 155 of the order of St. James, making all the people obey him. They from don Pedro, of Cnstille. The prince, when informed of it, wished crowned him the king in the city of Burgos, where all the prelates, to see them, and to know what business had brought them. They earls, barons, and knights paid him their homage, and swore they were, upon this, introduced, and having cast themselves on their would serve and obey him as their kIing for evermore, and if there knees, saluted him according to their custom, recommending the should be occasion, would sacrifice their lives for him. King Henry kIing their lord to him, as they presented him his letter. The prince then passed from city to city, all the inhabitants of which treated rmade them rise: having taken the letter, he opened it, and afterhim as their king. wards read it more at his leisure. He found that don Pedro had Henry made large presents and gifts to the foreign knights who written a most melancholy account of himself, informing him of his had put him in possession of the kingdom of Castille. They were hardships and distress, and in what manner his brother the bastard," so magnificent that he was considered as a most generous and boun- by means of the great alliances he had made, first, with the pope, tiful lord: the Normans, French and Bretons, who had been par- then with the kings of France and Arragon, and the free companies, takers of his bounty, said he was deserving of a large fortune, and had driven him out of his inheritance, the kingdom of Castille. In that he ought to reign with great prosperity. Thus the bastard of that letter, he entreated the prince, for the love of God, and for pity's Spain found himself master of Castille. He created his two brothers, sake, that he would attend to his situation, and find some remedy to don Tello and don Frederick, earls, and gave them large estates, it; for it was not a Christian-like act, that a bastard, through force, with other revenues. He continued kIing of Castille, Galicia, Seville, should disinherit a legitimate son, and seize his possessions. Toledo and Leon, until the forces of the prince of Wales deprived' The prince, who was a valiant and wise knight, having folded up him of them, replacing the king, don Pedro, in possession of these the letter in his hands, said to the embassadors, who had remained realms, as you will find related in the following history. in his presence, " You are welcome to us from our cousin the king When kIing Henry saw himself thus situated, and the business of Castille: you will stay here in our court, and will not return with. completed, so that all obeyed him, both nobles and serfs, as their out an answer." The knights of the prince were already prepared; king and lord; that there was not an appearance of opposition to for they well knew what was proper to be done, and took with them his crown; he imagined it would add lustre to his name, if he made the Spanish knight and his two squires to entertain them hand. an irruption into) the kingdom of Granada with those free companies somely. The prince had remained in his apartment, thinking much that had come friom France, as a means of giving them employment. on the contents of the letter from the king of Castille. He irmmeHe mentioned it therefore to several of the knights who were about diately sent for sir John Chandos, and sir William Felton, the chiefs him,when they consented to it. He retained constantly near his person of his council: one was high steward of Aquitaine, and the other those knights who were attached to the prince of Wales; namely, sir constable. Eustace d'Ambreticourt, sir Hugh Calveily and others, showing them When they were come, he said, smiling, "'My lords, here is great the most marked attentions and kindness, in expectation of being news from Spain. The king, don Pedro our cousin, complains grievaided by them in his intended expedition to Granada, wvhich he was ously of Henry his bastard brother, who has seized his kingdom, and desirous of undertaking. driven him out of it, as perhaps you may have heard related by those Soon after his coronation, the greater number of French knights who are come hither. He entreats of us help and assistance, as his letter took their leave and departed. On their going away, he made them will more fully explain to you." The prince then again read it over, very rich presents. The earl de la Marche, sir Arnold d'Andreghen, word for word, to the knights, who lent a willing ear. When he had the lord de Beaujeu and many more returned to their own country. read it, he said, "You, sir John, and you, sir William, who are my However, sir Bertrand du Guesclin, sir Olivier de Mauny and the principal counsellors, and in whom I have the greatest confidence Bretons, as well as the free companies, remained in Castille until and trust; tell me, I beg of you, what will be most advisable for us other news arrived. Sir Bertrand du Guesclin was made constable to do in this business." The two knights looked at each other, but of Castille by Henry, with the assent of all the barons of the realm. uttered not a word. The prince again appealed to them, and said, We;vill now return to don Pedro. "Speak boldly, whatever be your opinion." The prince was then advised by these two knights, as I have heard it told afterwards, to send a body of men-at-arms to king don Pedro, as far as Corunna, where he was, and whence he had dated his letter; to conduct him C HAP T ER C CX XX I to Bordeaux, in order more fully to learn what were his wants and KING DON PEDRO SENDS TO ENTREAT THE PRINCE OF WAnZES S ASSIST- intentions: that then they should be better informed from his conver. ANCE AGAINST HIS BROTIHER, HENRY THE BASTARD. HE RETIRES INTO sation how they were to act. GUIENNE, wHERE HE IS wELL RECEIVED BY THE PRINCE. This answer pleased the prince. Sir William Felton was ordered You have heard how don Pedro had cast himself into the castle to take the command of the expedition; and the prince asked sir of Cq'unna near the sea, with only his wife, his two daughters, and Richard Pontchardon, sir N6le Loring, sir Simon Burley* and sir doln Fernando de Castro; while in the mean time, his brother, the William Trousseaux to accompany it into Galicia, to escort from Co. bastard, through the assistance of the men-at-arms, whom he had runna the king don Pedro, and the remnant of his army. The drawn from France, was conquering Castille, to whom the whole armament for this expedition was to consist of twelve vessels, which country had surrendered. All this much alarmed him; and lie did were to be filled with archers and men-at-arnis. The above-named not think himself in perfect safety in the castle of Corunna; for he knights made proper purveyances for the occasion, and set out fron had a great dread of his brother the bastard, and well knew that, if Bordeaux accompanied by the embassadors from don Pedro. They he were informed where he was, he would come and seet him with continued their journey to Bayonne, where they remained three or his forces, to besiege him in the castle. He would not wait this dan- four days, waiting for a favorable wind, and to load the ships. On er, but embared on board vessel, with his ife, his daughters the 6th day, as they were on the point of sailing, don Pedro, king of ger, but embarked on board a vessel, with his wife, his daughters, doi Fernando de Castro, and vhatever he had amassed of money Castille, arrived there. He had left Corunna in great suspense, being and jewels, and put to sea in the night. The wind, however, was afraid to stay there longer, and had brought with him a few of his so contrary, that they could not clear the coast, but were obliged to people, and as much of his treasures as he could carry away. people, and as much of his treasures as he could carry away. return, and again to enter the castle of Corunna. Don Pedro then This was great news for the English. Sir iiam Felton and the demanded from his knight, don Fernando de Castro, complaining of other knights waited on him, on his landing, and received him hand. his evil fortune, which was so much against him, what was best to somehy. Theyinformedhim,thattheyhadpreparedthenmelves,and e done. My lor," replied the ight, befre you leave this were on the point of sailing to Corrunna, or farther, had it been ne. place, I think it would be proper that you send some person to your cessary, to seek for him, by orders from the prince their lord. Don cousin, the prince of Wales, to know if hlie will receive you, and to Pedro heard this with great joy, and returmed hi. warmest thanks to entreat of him, for God's sake, that he would attend to your distress. the prnce, as well as to the knights then present. Sir William Felton pincediat ely asento the prnceighrmtioso then aresn.SrWivaliam the k He is in a manner bound to it, from the strong connection that has ton immediately sent the prince iformation of the arrival of the king on imedatelyen ate Bayone, inforwsmuchioneasf theareiat. fthes kninght subsisted between the king, his father, and yours in former times. of Castille at Bayonne, ho was much pleased thereat. These nighs The prince of Wales is of such a noble and gallant disposition that, did not make any long stay at Bayonne, but, taking the king with when he shall be informed of your misfortunes, he will certainly take them, made for the city of Bordeaux, where they safely arrived. comlpassion on you; and, if he should determine to replace you on The prince, who was anxious to see his cousin the king, don Pedro, your throne, there is no one, sir, that could oppose him, so much is and also to do him the more honor, rode out of Bordeaux, attended he redoubted by all the world, and beloved by soldiers. You are by his knights and squires, to meethim. When they methe salute6 now safe where you are; for this fortress will hold you out until him very respectfully, and paid him every attention by speech and some intelligence shall be brought you from Aquitaine." action; for he knew perfectly well how so to do: no prince of his Don Pedro immediately assented to this: a letter, in a most lament- time understood so well the practice of good breeding. Aftet theil n ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~time understood so well the practice of good breeding. After. theii able and piteous strain, was written: and a knight, with two squires eeting, when they had refreshed themselves as ws becoming the having been instructed to undertake this employ, cheerfully accepted to do, they rode toward Bordeaux. The prince placed don Pedro on. it, directly put to sea, and made sail for Bayonne, a city dependent has right hand, and would not suffer at to be otherwise. During their on the king of Engl~and, where they safely arrived. They made return, don Pedro told the prince his distresses, and in what mannem inquiries after the prince, and learnt that at that time he was at Bor- his brother the bastard had driven him out of the kingdom of Castille deana. Upon this, thley rode to Bordeaux, aiad took up their quar- He complained bitterly of the disloyalty of his subjects; for all had ters at an inn. Soon afterwards they made for the monastery of St. deserted him except one knight, don Fernando de Castro, then with Andrew, where the prince resided. him, and whom he pointed out to the prince. The prince comforted The knight and squires who had come from Spain informed the him by a most courteous and discreet answer: he begged of him nol niXg'hts of the prine, that theywere Spaniards, and embasadors * 8ir Simon Burley —knight of the garter, &c.-beheaded ia the reiga of Richard t 156 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. to be too much cast down; for, if he had lost everything, it was fully CHAPTER CCXXXII in the power of God to give him back what he had lost, and more, as well as vengeance upon his enemies. THE PRINCE OF WALES HOLDS A GRAND CONFERENCE AT BORDEAuX Om Conversing on this subject, as well as on other topics, they rode on THE AFFAIRS OF THE KING OF CASTILLE. IR RECEIVES LETTERS FROM1 to Bordeaux, and dismounted at the monastery of St. Andrew, the THR KING OF ENGLAND, TO ASSENT TO THE PROPOSALS OF ASSISTINO residence of the prince and princess. The king, don Pedro, was DON PEDRO. HE MAKES OVERTUTRES TO TIlE KING OF NAVARRE, FOR A conducted to an apartment which had been prepared for him. When FREE PASSAGE THROUGH HIS KINGDOM, TO ENABLE HIM TO CONDUCT he had dressed himself suitably to his rank, he waited on the princess DON PEDRO BACK TO CASTILLE. and the ladies, who all received him very politely. I could enlarge To this conference, which was holden at Bordeaux, there came all much on the feasts and entertainments which were made: but I will the counts, viscounts, barons, and men of abilities, in Saintonge, Poibriefly pass them over, and relate to you how don Pedro conducted tou, Quercy, Limousin, Gascony, and Aquitaine. When they were himself toward his cousin the prince of Wales, whom he found cour- all assembled, they formed a parliament; and, having entered upon teous and affable, and willing to attend to his request of aid, notwith- the business of their meeting, they for three (lays discussed the situstanding some of his council had given him the advice I will now ation and future prospect of this don Pedro, king of Castille, who was mention. all the time present, placing himself near his cousin the prince, who Before the arrival of don Pedro at Bordeaux, some lords, as well spoke in his behalf, and gave the best account he was able of his English as Gascons, who had much wisdom and forethought, were affairs. It was at last resolved, that the prince should send sufficient of the prince's council, and by inclination as well as duty, thought embassadors to the king, his father, in England, to know his opinion themselves bound to give him loyal advice, spoke to the prince in on the subject:: and that, as soon as they should have the king's words like the following: "My lord, you have often heard the old answer, they would then assemble, and give;the prince such good proverb of'All covet, all lose.'* True it is, that you are one of the advice as reasonably ought to be satisfactory to him. princes of this world the most enlightened, esteemed, and honored, The prince immediately named four knights; the lord Delawar, in possession of large domains and a handsome principality on this sir N61e Loring, sir John and sir Holy de Pommiers; and ordered side of the sea, and are, thank God, at peace with every one. It is them to set out for England. This conference then broke up, and also well known, that no king, far or near, at this present moment each returned to his home. The king, don Pedro, remained at Bor. dares anger you; such reputation have you in chivalry for valor and deaux with the prince and princess, who entertained him handsomely, good fortune. You ought, therefore, in reason, to be contented with and with due honor. what you have got, and not seek for enemies. We must add, like- These four knights began their journey, according to their orders, wise, that this don Pedro, king of Castille, who at present is driven for England; and, having embarked on board two ships, they arrived oaut of his realm, is a man of great pride, very cruel, and full of bad safely at Southampton, through God's good will and fiavorable winls. dispositions. The kingdom of Castille has suffered many grievances They remained there one day, to refiresh themselves and to disemnat his hands: many valiant men have been beheaded and murdered, bark their horses and equipage. On the second day, they mounted without justice or reason; so that to these wicked actions, which he their horses, and rode on to the city of London, where they inquired ordered or consented to, he owes the loss of his kingdom. In addition after the king, and where he was. They were told he was at Windto this, he is an enemy to the church, and excommunicated by our sor. They set out for that place, and were very well received by the holy father. He has been long considered as a tyrant, who, without king and queen, as much through love for the prince their son, as any plea of justice, has always made war upon Ihis neighbors; such because they were lords and knights of great renown. as the kings of Arragon and Navarre, whom he was desirous to de- These lords and knights gave their letters to thile king, who opened throne by force. It is also commonly reported, and believed in his them and had them read. After having for a short time considered kingdom, and even by his own attendants, that he murdered the their contents, he said: " My lords, you may retire: I will send for young lady, his wife, who was a cousin of yours, being daughter to some of my barons and learned men of my council: we will then the duke of Bourbon. Upon all these accounts, it behoves you to give you our answer, that you may return back soon." This reply.pause and reflect before you enter into any engagements; for what was very pleasing to the embassadors, who went the next day to he has hitherto suffered are the chastisements of God, who orders London. It was not long before the king of England came to West. these punishments as an example to the kings and princes of the minster, where he was met by the greater part of his council; that earth, that they should never commit such wickedness." is to say, his son the duke of Lancaster, the earl of Arundel, the earl With similar language to this was the prince also addressed by his of Salisbury, sir Walter Manny, sir Reginald Cobham, earl Percy, councils, on the arrival of the king of Castille at Bordeaux: but to lord Neville, and many others. Among the prelates were the bishops this loyal advice they received the following answer: "My lords, I of Winchester, Lincoln, and London. They deliberated for a long take it for granted and believe that you give me the best advice you time on the letters from the prince, and on the request he had made are able. I must, however, inform you, that I am perfectly well ac- to the king his father. It appeared reasonable to the king and his quainted with the life and conduct of don Pedro, and well know that council, that the prince should attempt to conduct back and replace he has committed faults without number, for which at present he suf- the king of Spain on his throne and in his inheritance, which was fers: but I will tell you the reasons which at this moment urge and unanimously agreed on. Upon this, they drew up excellent answers, embolden me to give him assistance. I do not think it either decent from the king and council of England, to the prince and all the barons or proper that a bastard should possess a kingdom as an inheritance, of Aquitaine. They were carried back by the same persons who nor drive out of his realm his own brother, heir to the country by had brought the letters, to the city of Bordeaux, where they found lawful marriage; and no king, or king's son, ought ever to suffer it, the prince, and t'.,i ing don Pedro; to each of whom they gave other as being of the greatest prejudice to royalty. Add to this, that my letters which the king of England had sent by them. lord and father and this don Pedro have for a long time been allies, Another conference was determined upon: and, a day being fixed much connected together, by which we are bounden to aid and assist for holding it in the city of Bordeaux, all those who were summoned him, in case he should require it." These were the reasons that in- attended. The letters from the king of England were publicly read, stigated the prince to assist the king of Castille in his great distress, who clearly and decidedly gave his opinion, that the prince his son, and thus he replied to his council. No one could afterwards make the in the names of God and St. George, should undertake tile restoration smallest change in his determination, but every day it grew firmer. of don Pedro to his heritage, from which he had been driven unjustly, When don Pedro arrived at Bordeaux, he humbled himself to the and, as it would appear, fraudulently. In these letters, mention was prince, offering him many rich presents, and the promise of further also made, that the king thought himself obliged, from certain treaties advantage; for he said, he would make his eldest son, Edward, king which had been formerly entered into between him and his cousin of Galicia, and would divide among him and his people the great don Pedro, to grant him help and succor, in case he should be Ir riches he had left in Castille, where it was so well secured and hidden quired so to do. He ordered all his vassals, and entreated his friends that no one could find its situation except himself. The knights paid to help and assist the prince of Wales, by every means in their power, a willing attention to these words; for both English and Gascons are throughout this affair, in the same manner as if he himself were pres by nature of a covetous disposition. The prince was advised to ent. When the barons of Aquitaine had heard these letters read, summon all the barons of Aquitaine to an especial council at Bor- and the commands and requests of the king and of the prince their deaux, so thlat there might be a grand conference held; when the lord, they cheerfully made the following answer: "Sir, we will king don Pedro might lay before him his situation, and his means of heartily obey the commands of the king our sovereign. It is but just satisfying them, should the prince undertake to conduct him back to that we should be obedient both to him and to you: this we will do, his own country, and to do all in his power to replace him upon his and will attend you and don Pedro upon this expedition; but we throne. Letters and messengers were therefore sent to all parts, and wish to know from whom we are to have our pay, as it is not custhe lords summoned: first, the earl of Armagnac, the earl of Con- tomary for men-at-arms to leave their habitations to carry on a war dinges, the lord d'Albret, the earl of Carasing, the captal de Buch, in a foreign country without receiving wages." the lord de Tande, the viscount de Chitillon, the lords de l'Escut, de The prince, on hearing this, turned toward don Pedro, and said Rosem, de l'Esparre, de Chaumont, de Mucident, de Courton, de "Sir king, you hear what our people say: it is for you to give them Pincornet, and other barons of Gascony and Guienne. The earl of an answer; for it behoves you so to do who are about to lead them Foix was requested to attend; but he would not come, and excused into action." Don Pedro made the following reply to the prince: himself, having at the time a disorder in one of his legs, which pre- ", My dear cousin, as long as my gold, my silver, and my treasure will vented him from mounting on horseback: he sent, however, his coun- last, which I have brought with me from Spain, but which is not so cil in his stead. great by thirty times as what I have left behind, I am willing it should be divided among your people." Upon which the prince said: "My " He that to moehe embraFeth. houldeth the wekelyer. —L~go BEgNGR:V. CIIRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 157 lord, you speak well: and for the surplus of the debt, I will take that king of Castille remained at Bayonne. The prince imnmediately sent upon myself toward them, and will order whatever sums you may his heralds into Spain, to the knights and other captains, who were want to be advanced you as a loan, until we shall be arrived in Cas~ English or Gascons, attached to or dependent on him, to signify lis tille." "By my head," replied don Pedro, "you will do me a great orders to take their leave of the bastard, and to return as speedily as kindness." possible; for he had need of them, and should find them employment Several of the most experienced among them, such as the earl of' elsewhere. When the heralds who were the bearers of these orders,Armagnac, the lord de Pommiers, sir John Chandos, the captal de to the knights of Castille came to them, they guessed they were sent Buch, and some others, having considered the business, said, the for home; they immediately took leave of king Henry in the most prince of Wales could not well undertake this expedition without courteous manner they could, without discovering either their own having gained the consent and good-will of the king of Navarre; for or the prince's intentions. King Henry, who was liberal, courteous, he could not enter Spain without traversing his kingdom, and by the and honorable, made them very handsome presents, thanking them pass of Roncevaux.* This entrance to Spain they were not quite most gratefully for their services. Sir Eustace d'Ambreticourt, sir sure of obtaining; for the king of Navarre had lately formed fresh Hugh Calverly, sir Walter Huet, sir Matthew Gournay, sir John alliances with the bastard Henry. It was therefore debated for a long Devreux, with their men, left Spain, and returned as speedily as postime, in what manner they could succeed in gaining this important sible. They were followed by several other knights and squires of point. The wisest were of opinion, that another meeting should be the prince's household, whose names I cannot remember. appointed, and that it should be held in the city of Bayonne; and The free companions were at this time scattered in different parts Ihat the prince, when there, should send able embassadors to the king of the country, and did not receive this intelligence so soon as the of Navarre, to entreat he would come to this conference at Bayonne. other knights. Upon their receiving the information, sir Robert Bri. This resolution was adopted; and the conference broke up. They quet, John Treuelle,* sir Rabours,t sir Perducas d'Albrct, sir Garsis had all a wish to attend the meeting at Bayonne, and a day was fixed du Chastel, Nandon de Bagerant, the bastard de l'Esparre, the hasfor holding it. tard Camus, the bastard de Breteuil, assembled together and set out During this interval, the prince sent sir John Chandos and sir on their return. William Felton to the king of Navarre, who was at that time in the King Henry had not heard of the prince's intentions to bring his city of Pampeluna. These -two knights, having wisdom and elo- brother, don Pedro, back to Castile, so soon as these knights; and quence, exerted themselves so effectually with the king of Navarre, well it was for them he had not; otherwise if he had received this that he agreed to their request, and gave it under his seal that he intelligence, they would not have been suffered to desert so easily; would attend the conference at Bayonne. Upon which they returned for he had the power to detain and vex them. However, when he to the prince, and related to him what they had done. On the ap. knew the truth of it, he did not seem much affected by it: neverthepointed day fbr this meeting in the city of Bayonne, the king of Spain, less, he spoke to sir Bertrand du Guesclin, who was still with him, the prince, the earl of Armagnac, the lord d'Albret, and all the barons as follows: "Sir Bertrand, think of the prince of Wales: they say, of Gascony, Poitou, Quercy, Rouergue, Saintonge, and Limousin he intends to make war upon us, to replace by force this Jew, who came thither. The king of Navarre was also there; to whom the calls himself king of Spain, upon our throne of Castille. What do king of' Spain and the prince paid every attention, thinking they you say to this?" To which sir Bertrand replied: "He is so valiant should not lose by it. and determined a knight that, since hlie has undertaken it, he will This conference in the city of Bayonne was long. It lasted five exert himself to the utmost to accomplish it. I would therefore addays. The prince and his council had many difficulties before they vise you to guard well all the passes and defiles on every side, sc could get the king of Navarre to consent to their wishes; for it was that no one may enter or go out of your kingdom without your leave not easy to make anything of him whenever he found that his services In the mean time, keep up the affections of your subjects. I knov were wanted. However, from the great influence which the prince for a truth, that you will have great assistance from many knights is had over him, he brought ]him at last to swear, promise and scala France, who will be happy to serve you. I will, with your permis treaty of peace, alliance, and confederation with don Pedro. The sion, return thither, where I am sure of finding several friends: an, king of Castille entered into certain engagements with the king of I will bring back with me as many as I possibly can." "IBy my faith,' Navarre, which had been proposed to him by the prince of Wales. replied king Henry, "you say well; and I will, in this business, follol These engagements were, that don Pedro, as king of both Castilles, everything you shall order." should give, under his seal, to the king of Navarre and his heirs, to Not long after, sir Bertrand took leave of king Henry, and wet hold as their inheritance, all the domain of Logrono, with the lands to Arragon, where he was received with joy by the king; with whoa on each side of the river, and also the town, castle, territory, and he remained fifteen days, and then departed. He continued his jour. dependencies of Salvatierra, with the town of St. Jean Pied du Port ney to Montpellier, where he found the duke of Anjou, who was verj and its surrounding country; which towns, castles, and lordships hle happy to see him, as he loved him much. When he had passed som had in former times taken possession of, and held by force. In addi- time there, he took his leave, and went to France, where he had tion to this, the king of Navarre was to receive twenty thousand most gracious reception from the king. francs, for laying open his country, and permitting the army to pass When it was publicly known through Spain, Arragon and France peaceably through, finding them provisions upon being paid for them: that the intentions of the prince of Wales were to replace don Pedl in which sum he acknowledged himself debtor to the king of Na- in the kingdom of Castille, it was a matter of great wonder to man3 varre.t and was variously talked of. Some said, the prince was making When the barons of Aquitaine learnt that these treaties were made, this expedition through pride and presumption; that he was jealou, and that don Pedro and the king of Navarre were friends, they made of the honor sir Bertrand du Guesclin had obtained, in conquerin~ inquiry who was to pay them their wages: the prince, who was very Castille inll the name of king Henry, and then rmaking him king of it eager for this expedition, took that upon himself, king don Pedro Others said, that both pity and justice moved him to assist don Pedro having promised punctual repayment. in recovering his inheritance; for it was highly unbecoming a bastard to hold a kingdom, or bear the name of a king. Thus were many knights and squires divided in their opinions. King Henry, ~CHAPTER CGXXXIII. however, was not idle; he sent embassadors to the king of Arragon, to entreat him not to enter into any treaty or convention with the THE PRINCE OF WALES MAtKES PREPARATIONS FOR REPLACING DON FEIDRO prince and his allies; for that he was, and would continue to be, his ON HIS THRONE OF CASTILLE. HENRY TIIE BASTARD, THOUGH LATE good neighbor and friend. INFORMIED OF IT, ENDEAVORS TO PREVENT IT. The king of Arragon, who esteemed him much, for in former WHEN all those things had been so ordered and settled that every times he had found don Pedro very overbearing, assured him, that one knew what he was to do, and they had remained in the city of upon no account, no, not for the loss of one half of his kingdom, would Bayonne twelve days amusing themselves together, the king of Na- he enter into any treaty with the prince nor with don Pedro, but would varre took his leave, and set out for the kingdom of Navarre whence lay open his kingdom to all sorts of men who should wish to enter he had come. The other lords departed also, and each returned to Spain to his assistance, and would shut it up to all who had evil in his own home. Even the prince came back to Bordeaux; but tlhe tentions against him. This kIing of Arragon kept faithfully all hi had promised to king Ilenry; for as soon as he knew that don Pedrr *! Roncevuux —a village in Navarre, made fa~mous by the detent of Charlemagne, inhaprmsdtkigHnyfoasonasekewhtdnPdr " Rnsaevaux —a vills ge in Navarre, macte fomaes by thle delkat ef Charlematee, mu was aided by the prince, and that the companies were marching thai which Orlando and Rinaldo. so much celebrated by the old romances, were slain. t See the Fredera for the underneath treaties, which relate to these transactions. way, he ordered all the passes of Arragob to be closed, and caused ther Tihe firs: treaty between Edward IIt. and don Pedrro, king of Castille, appears to be to be strictly guarded. He posted men-at-arms and watchmen op the 2tdi Jane, 11i2. Confirmed stot February, 133T, tent 1st Manrchl, i. the mountains and in the defiles of Catalonia, so that no one could "Forbidding all sIdiers to enter Spain as enemies," addressed to sir John Chandos, pass that way without great danger. tir Iuth Calverfl, &c. December 6th, 1365. A treatr, in which don Pedro acknowledges tsimself debtor to the prince of Wales in The companies, however, on their retur, feund out another road 56,t00 told florins, of toad weight, &c., which the prince, my the kistg's directions, had they had much to endure fi'om fn nine and other evils before they pauil tIo the king of Navarre, &c., dated Libonurne (a city on the Dordogne, ten leagues could be free f'ont danger in Arragon. They advanced to the fron distant from Bordeaux,) Sept. 23rd, 1t66. The number of waitnesses to tinis deed shown tiers of the cosstry of Foix but could not obtain perutission to pass:.hat Frnissart was misinformsed whven he says that don mPedro was solely attended by don Fernando de Castro. through it' fin the earl was not desirous that such people should Articles of convention between Pedro kiinsg of Castille, Charles kings of Navarre, aati esnter his territories. News was brought of their distress to' tine Edorsurd prunes of Waies —datei ~itnosirse, Sept. 23rdl, thE~i.. pri:~ce, who was then at Botldeasux, occupying his mind night a".d There'ire various ontlher treaties tetween the king and arrince, sss well ns the prinsce's' _....-~_. etter to Itenry de'Trastamatre and the ianswesr, befbre the bnttle of Navarette. See J "oistsn Tressel!e." tLnrnses ca!ll shims sirnsoloih h:u'nelle. Itymnr... t "Sir lnlsonris." Sir Itobiert Cite sey. —t.hins~: 158 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. day on tile best means of executing this expedition with honor. He a sufficiency behind to guard the country." "By my head, lord saw that these companies could neither pass nor return to Aquitaine, d'Albret, that is handsome," returned the prince; then looking at six for the defiles of Arragon and Catalonia were well guarded, and they William Felton and other English knights, he added in English, "On were now on the borders of the country of Foix very ill at their ease. my faith, one ought to love that country well where there is a baron He was therefore alarmed, lest the king of Arragon o: don Henry who can attend his lord with a thousand lances." T'hen, again ad. should gain by force, or by large gifts and promises, these companies dressing himself to the lord d'Albret, he said; "Lord d'Albret, with (who were upward of twelve thousand men, from whom he ex- great willingness, I retain them all." " Let it be so, then, in God's pected great assistance,) and they might be engaged to fight against name, my lord," answered the lord d'Albret. This engagement was him. The prince, therefore, determined to send sir John Chandos the cause of much mischief hereafter, as you will see in the course to meet and to retain them. He at the same time ordered him to of this history. wait on the earl of Foix, to beg that, for his love to him, he would allow these companies to pass through his country, and that he would pay double the value for any mischief they might commit in their CHAPT R CC XXIV. march. Sir John Chandos undertook this journey most willingly, to THE VISCOUNT OF NARBONNE, THE SENESCHAL OF TOULOUSE, WITHI OTHER oblige his lord; he set out from Bordeaux, and rode on to Dacqs;* FRENCH LORDS, HAVING ATTACKED SOME OF THE FREE COMPANIES THIAT:hence he continued his route until he arrived in the country of Foix, WVERE COME INTO FRANCE ACCORDING TO THIE ORDERS OF THIE PRINCE, Where he waited on the earl. ARE DISCOMFITED NEAR MONTAUBAN. THE POPE FORBIDS THE PRISONHe found these companies in a country called Basques,t where he ERS WHOM THE COMPANIES IIAD TAKEN, AND SET FREE ON TIIEIR PAROLE entered into a treaty with them, and managed it so well that they all AFTER THE COMBAT, TO KEEP THEIR FAITH, OR TO PAY ANY RANSOM. agreed to serve the prince, in his intended expedition, upon having a WE must now return to those free companies who had become handsome sum of money paid down to them, which sir John Chandos allied and connected with the prince. I have already said, that they swore to see done. He again returned to the earl of Foix, and en- suffered great hardships before they entered his picipaty As soon suffered great hardships before they entered his principality. As soon treated him most earnestly that he would permit those companies, as theyfound themselves clear of all danger fom A and Catwho now belonged to the prince, to pass through one end of his do- lods they divided them selves into three bodies, with the consent of main. l~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~onia, they divided themselves into three bodies, with the consent of main. The earl, who was desirous of pleasing the prince, and firmly the earls of Foix and Armagnac and the lord d'Albret C)ne of these attached to him, in order to gratify his wishes, complied with the civiions ched lng the boers of the couies of Fs d divisions marched along the borders of the courntries of Foix and request, provided they did no damage to him or to his lands. This Toulouse another throh the ountry of Aranc d the third Toulouse; another throu:g'h thle country of Armagna1:rc, and the@ third sir John Chandos promised to be answerable for, and sent back one towd Abret. The first ivision consisted chiey o ascoo; d of his squires, attended by a herald, with the treaty he had made they might, in the, whole, arnount to three thousand; but they laid with the earl of Foix, to the commanders of -the companies. I-He the mit, in the whole, amount to three ousand t tey ad arg ain divided themselves into companies of three and four hundreds, then returned to Bordeaux, and related to the prince his journey, and d and thus advanced toward Toulouse and Montauban. the successful issue of it. The prince, who loved him and had great At this time, there was night of France, high steward of To At this time, there was a knight of France, high steward of Ten. confidence in him, was well pleased with both. The prince was at louse, whose name was Guy d'Asai When he lent that these louse, whose narne was Guy d'Asai.* When he learnt that these this time in the full vigtor of youth, and had never been weary or this time i the ull vigor of youth, and had never been weary or companies were near at hand, that they were advancing in divisions, satiated with war, since the first time he bore arms, but was always and did not anount, in the whole, to more than three thousand com. looking forward to some achievement of high renown. This Spanish batants, who were pinched by hunger, badly ed and inted, expedition occupied his mind entirely. Both honor and coipassion expedition oupied his m etirely. Both hor and comp as nd still worse clothed and shod, he declared that no such persons urged him to replace on his throne, by force of arms, a king who had h should enter Toulouse, nor the kingdom of France, to recrumt them. been driven from it. He conversed frequently on this subject with sir John Chandos, selves; and that, if it pleased God, he would march out, to offer them and sir William Felton, who were is princip advisers, and asked battle. He directly gave notice of his intentions to the lord Aimeri, vis count of Narbonne, to the high stewards of Carcassonne alld of them their opinions. These two knights truly said "My lord, this vct o o t t ig a ofcrsn a o Be aucaire, and to all knights, squires and officers in that rquarter, undoubtedly is, without comparison, a much more difficult enter- cmain to g h i and a ice n th br commanding them to give him aid and assistance to defend the borprise than driving him out of his realm; for he was detested by his des against these wicked companions Those who had been sent ders against these wicked companions. Those who had been sent subjects, insomuch that they all fled from him when hlie most wanted to, obeyed, and cae with all speed to the cit of Toulouse. They their help. ~~~~~~~~~~~to, obseyed, and came with all speed to the city of Toulouse. They their help. The bastard Iking at this moment possesses the kingdom and squires, with from the affection which the nobility, prelates and commonalty bear amounted to five hundred men-at-arms, knihts him; and therefore they will do everything in their power to keep upward of four thousand infantry, who immediately took the field,?tim; and therefore they will do everything in their power to keep admrhdtwr P~nru~, svnlausdsatfo`u and marched toward Montauban, seven leagues distant from Tou. and maintain him as their king, whatever may be the consequences.anmrcetordM tubnsvnlagsdiatfomT. and maintain him as their king, whatever may be the consequences. louse. Those who arrived first, and the others as they came in, in. It behoves you then to have a sufficient number of archers and men. at-arms; for you will find, on your entering Spain, work enough forstantly quitted the town, to wait until the whole were assembled them. We advise you also to melt the best part of your plate and ogether. W~hen the viscount of Narbonne and sir Guy d'Asai, who were treasure, of which you are abundantly furnished, that it may be coined the commanders of these men-at-arms, had left Toulouse, they fixed into money, for you to distribute liberally among the companions who thecomners o t me-tamhdl t Tu sh are to serve under you in this expedition, and who, from affection to their quarters near to Montauban, which was at that time dependent alone, will engage to do so; for as to Don Pedro, they will do on the prince of Wales, who had appointed for its governor a knight, you alone, will engage to do so; for as to Donl Pedro, they will do cle i onCme.TeeFec od ree hi cu~ not0in5 on his account. You should send likewise to the king your called sir John Combes. These French lords ordered their scouts, nothing on his account. You should send likewise to the king your M ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~with the vanguard, to advance to Montauban, in hopes of drawing father, to beg of him to allow you to receive the hundred thousand t the vanguard, to advace to ontauba, in hopes of drawing out some of the companions who had lately arrived there, and wt,(~ francs which the king of France is bound to send to England in au some of the companions who had lately arrived there, and wh short time. You ought also to collect money wherever you can pro- were entertained by sir John Combes. The governor of Montauba cure it (for you will have need of an immense quantity,) without was much surprised, on hearing that the French were cone with a numerous army so near to his town, because the territory belonged taxing your subjects or country; by which means you will be more to the prnce; he ascended ton, e e the batt lements of the gates, beloved by them."to the prince; e ascended, therefore, the battlements of th gates, and, having obtained a hearing from these scouts, demanded who These and such like counsels, equally good and loyal, were at times had s ent them thither, and for what reason they had thus come upon given by those two knights, and followed by the prince. He had hisad sent them thither, and for what reaso they had thus come upon plate, both gold and silver, broken and coined into money, which he the lands of the prince, who was their neighbor, and who had sworn friendship to the king and kingdom of France. liberally distributed among the free companies. He also sent to Eng- fenshp the kg o an e They answered him, that they were not charged by the lords who land, to request that he might obtain from the king the hundred ad sent them thi,er to g e any reasons for doing; but that, il thousand francs before mentioned. The king of England, who knew de te tihe tg a r so r sodon t thi order to be satisfied, he might come himself, nr send any one to their the wants of the prince, immediaiely complied, wrote to the king of o bes h i e him sel r Indeed," replied France on this subject, and sent him proper acquittances for the sum commanders, who woul giv him an answer. nde, d he was to pay him. The hundred thousand francs were by this the governor of Montauban, I shall beg of you the to go ac, and means paid to the prince, who divided them among different tell them to send me a passport, that I may safely come to them and manaopiditheRamndifretmen return, or let them send to inform me fully for what reasons they have -During the time the prince passed at Angoulme, he was one day marched in this warlike manner against me; for did I think they were in earnest to make war, I would immediately inform my lord amusing himself in his apartment with many knights of Gascony, n' ~~~the prince of it, who would speedily provide a remedy." They wilPoitou and England, jolking each other alternately upon this Spanish the prince of it, who would speedily provide a remedy" They il expedition (sir John Chiandos was at the time rabsent, on his journey lingly accepted his proposal, and returned to their lords, to whom they to retain the companies,) when he turned himself toward the lord exactly repeated the governor's words. Albrt, andsad; Mylod Arethwsanmncnou The passport was made out in sir John's name, and sent to Mon ring intothe field forthisexpediti" Lord d'Albret was quick tauban. Upon the receipt of it he set out, attended only by four ring into the field for this exepedition?" Lord dthebret was quick in his answer, replying, "My lord, if I wished to ask all my fried persons, and ent to the quarters of these lords, who were ready that is, all my vassals, I can bring full a thousand lances, and leave dressed to receive him, and prepared with their answers. le saluted them, which they returned; he then asked them their reasons fom * Dacqs, or Dax —an ancient city of Gascony, on the Adour, forty-two leagues and a half fi'om Bordleaux, fifteen from Pan. Denys Sauvage thinks it ought to be Auch. *" "Guy d'Asai." When Bertrand saw the duke d'Anjou at Montpellier, he requested This town is certainly more in a direct line to Foix, froma Bordeaux, than Dax. It is him to prevent those compimnies fitom returning to Aqmitaiine: he thereupon assembled d'Ast mmm his edition: but my MSS. save Dix. the militia of tihe country, and collectoed a force of live hundred hlnces and four thouHa "Basques." Le pars de Basques is a small country of France, near the Pyrdn6es, sand nrcisers. He ga\.e the commamnd of this armor to Guy d'Asai s6neschal she Tou between tine river Adour, trie firontiern of Spain, tlie ocean mind BHarn. It comoprehends louse. Anmould d'Espagne sondschma de Carcassommise, Gumy de Prohins sdneschnl de Beasn ha Lahour la BIasse Navrmrre, and the country oh Soule. Bayonne is he capital, camre, and Aimeri viscount de Narbonne. —Hist. de Lamgmsuedoc, vol. iv. p. 332. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &e 159 ordering troops to advance to the fortress, which was a dependency they flung so many on the French that they had sufficient employ. on the prince. They replied, "We wish not to invade the rights of ment in shielding themselves from them, and by wounding many any one, nor to make war; but we are determined to pursue our made them retreat. The companions upon this took courage (for enemies where we know they are." Who are your enomies? and they had been for a considerable time in great peril,) and boldly where are they?" demanded the knight. " In God's name," an- attacked the French. Many as gallant deeds were performned by swered the viscount of Narbonne, " they are at this moment in Mon- captures and rescues as had been seen for some time, though the tauban. They are robbers and pillagers, who have severely oppressed companies were but few in comparison of the French: every man the kingdom of France. And you, sir John, if you had become cour- exerted himself to do his duty well, and to drive the enemy by forco teous to your neighbors, ought not thus to have supported them in out of the town. their robberies of poor persons, without a shadow of justice; for these It happened, that during this engagement, the bastard de Brete il are the causes that give rise to hatred between the great. If you do and Nandon de Bagerant, with about four hundred men whom they not therefore drive them out of your fortress, you are neither a friend commanded, entered the back way into the town. They had marched to the king nor kingdom of France." all night with the greatest expedition; for they had had information "My lords," replied the governor, "it is true there are men-at-arms how the French were besieging their comrades in Montauban. The in my garrison, whom my lord the prince has ordered thither, and battle was now renewed with fresh vigor; and the French were whom I retain foe 2mt. I am not therefore inclined to send them sadly beaten by these new comers. All those combats lasted from away thus suddery. If they have given you any cause of displea- eight o'clock in the morning until four in the afternoon. At last, the sure, I do not see from whom you can right yourselves; for they are French were completely discomfited and put to flight: happy were men-at-arms, and they will support themselves in their usual manner, those who could find horses to mount and escape. either on the territories of the king of France or on those of the prince." The viscount de Narbonne, sir Guy d'Asai, the earl of Uz's, the The lord of Narbonne and sir Guy d'Asai made answer by saying: lord de Montmorillon, the seneschal de Carcassonne, the sdneschal "They are indeed men-at-arms, but of such a sort that they cannot de Beaucaire, with upward of a hundred knights, as well of France exist without pillage and robbery, and have very unbecomingly tres- as of Provence, and the adjoining countries, many rich squires, and passed on our boundaries, for which they shall pay dearly, if we could others of large property in Toulouse and Montpellier, were made but once meet with them in the open plains. They have burnt, st0len, prisoners. They would have taken more, if they had pursued them; and done many shameful acts within the jurisdiction of Toulouse, but, as they were few in number and badly mounted, they were complaints of which have been made to us, which if we suffer to go afraid to follow them, contenting themselves with what they had got. unpunished, we shall be traitors to the kiing our lord, who has ap- This battle was fought before Moutauban, the vigil of the feast of pointed us to watch over and guard his country. You will therefore our Lady, in August 1366. After this defeat, sir Perducas d'Albret, tell them from us, for, since we know where their quarters are, we sir Robert Cheney, sir John Combes, the bastard de Breteuil and can find them, that they shall make us amends for their proceedings, Nandon de Bagerant, divided the booty they had gained among vr they will fare the worse for it." themselves and their companions. All those who had made any The governor could not, at that time, get any other answer firom prisoners were to keep them, in order to gain by their ransom, or to them. IHe returned very ill pleased, and said that all their menaces give them their liberty, as they pleased. They were very attentive would not make him change his mind. Upon his return, he told the to them, accepting moderate ransoms, suitable to their rank, or the companions all that had passed, as well as the message he was to de- state of their affairs. They were the kinder to them, because this liver. The leaders on hearing it, were not much satisfied; for they affair had turned out fortunately, and through their own gallantry. were unequal in numbers to the French, so that they Icept themselves Those who had pledged their faith went away, having fixed a time on their guard as much as they could. fo' bringing their ransoms to Bordeaux, or other places more agree. Now it chanced, that exactly five days after this conversation, sir able to them. Each now departed, and returned to his own country. Perducas d'Albret with a large body of companions were on their The companies marched to join the prince, who received them very mnarch to pass through Montauban, for that was the direct road into graciously, and sent them to their quarters in a country called Basques. the principality. He sent information of it to thie governor: which which is among the mountains. when sir Robert Cheney and the other companions who had shut I will now relate the end of this business, in what manner the themselves up in the town heard, they were mightily rejoiced. They viscount of Narbonne, the high steward of Toulouse and the o.hel secretly made sir Perducas acquainted with the arrival of the French, prisoners, paid their ransoms. Pope Urban V., who at this time and how they kept them besieged, threatening them much: they also reigned, hated mortally these free companies, whom he had for a informed him of the numbers of the French, with the names of their long time excommunicated on account of their wicked deeds. Upon commanders. being informed of this engagement, and how the viscount of Nar. When sir Perducas learnt this, he was no way frightened, but, bonne, having exerted himself to the utmost to succeed in his attacki collecting his men in a body, galloped into Montauban, where he upon them, had been miserably defeated, he was in a great rage. was joyfully received. Upon their arrival, they discussed, among This was increased on learning that, having given pledges for their themselves, what would be most advisable to do: they unanimously ransoms, they were returned home. He immediately sent expresses resolved, that on the morrow they would arm, issue out of the town, to them, strictly forbidding them to pay any ransom, and at the same and address themselves to the French, to request they would allow time dispensations and absolutions from all engagements on this them peaceably to pass on. If they would not agree to this, and it subject. were absolutely necessary to fight, they would then exert themselves, Thus were these lords, iknights and squires, wno had been made and rislk the event of a battle, prisoners at Montauban, acquitted of their ransoms; for they dared What they had determined the preceding day, they put in execu- not disobey the orders of the pope. It turned out luckily for some, }ion the following. On the morning, having armed themselves and but quite the contrary to the companions, who were expecting the mounted their horses, their trumpets sounded, when they sallied out money: indeed they were in want of it, and intended out of it to of Montauban. The French had already drawn up before the town, equip themselves handsomely, as soldiers should do who have a suffi. from the alarm of what they saw and heard the preceding evening, ciency, but they never received anything. This order of the pope so that the companies could not pass but through them. Upon this, was so hurtful to them that they made frequent complaints of it to sir Perducas d'Albret and sir Robert Cheney stepped forward, to de- sir John Chandos, who, being constable of Aquitaine, had the supermand a parley of the French, and to beg of them to allow them quietly intendence of such affairs by right of office: but he turned them offt to pass. But these lords sent to inform them, they would have as well as he could, because he was fully acquainted that they were nothing to say to them, and that they should not pass but over the excommunicated by the pope, and that all their thoughts and acts points of their spears and swords. They instantly began to shout were turned to pillage. I do not believe they ever received any of their war-cry, and to call out, "Advance, advance upon these robbers, this debt at any time afterwards. who pillage the world, and who live upon every one, without reason or justice." When the companions saw that they must fight in earnest, or die CHAPTER CCXXXV. with dishonor, they dismounted and formed their line, to wait for the French, who advanced very boldly on foot to meet them. Much DIURING THE TIME THE PRINCE OF WALES IS REPARING FOR IIIS EXPEDW - fighting and pursuing now commenced: many hard blows were given, TON INTO CASTILE, TE IN OF MJORCA EES REFUGE TH IM n ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~.AGAINST THE KrING OF ARltAGONl. THE PR1INrCE DISPLEASES THE LOlFP which knocked down several on each side. The combat was severe GAINST HE ING O ARAGON. TE PRINCE DISPLESES THE LOP and long; many gallant deeds were performed, and several knights D'ALBRET. and squires unhorsed. The French, however, were more in nunber Wx will now return to the prince of Wales, and show with what than the companions by at least two to one. They had not, therefore, perseverance he continued to malte preparations for his expedition. a-y cause of fear, and by valiantly fighting, drove the companions He had, as I have before related, gained over all the free companies, all back, even within the barriers. When they were in that situation, who might be about twelve thousand fighting men. It had cost him the combat became more hot: many were killed and wounded on much to retain as well as to subsist them, which he did at his own both sildes. It would have been very hard with the companions, if expense, from the end of August until they quitted the principality the g':vernor had not ordered all the towns-people to take arms and the beginning of February. In addition to these, the prince accepted assist, to the utmost of their power, those who were attached to the the services of men-at-arms from every quarter whence he could service of their prince. The inhabitants immediately took to their obtain them, under his dependence. amss, and united themselves with the companies in the fray. Even From the kingdom of France, there came none; for Iting Henry the women, having collected stones, ascended their garrets, whence had every person from that kingdom, on account of the alliances 10 ~ CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. that existed between their sovereign and king Henry, who had also profit elsewhere. Some of these knights were engaged to pass the some of the free companies that camne from Brittany, and were at- sea, to Jerusalem, to Constantinople, or to Prussia in order to advance tached to sir Bertrand du Guesclin; of these, sir Bertrand de Budes, themselves. They will, therefore, be much displeased if left behind. sir Alain de St. Pol, sir William de Brueix, and sir Alain de Cou- I am equally so, and cannot conceive for what reason I have deserved vette, were the leaders. The prince might have had foreign men- this treatment. My dear lord, have the goodness to understand I at-arms, such as Flemings, Germans and Brabanters, if he had cannot separate myself from them. I am the worst and least among chosen it; but he sent away numbers, choosing to depend more on them; and, if any of them be dismissed, I am convinced they will his own subjects and vassals than on strangers. There came, there- all go their ways. May God keep you in his holy protection! fore, to him a great reinforcement from England; for, when the king Given," &c. his father found this expedition was near taking place, he gave leave When the prince of Wales received this answer, he looked upoii for his son, the duke of Lancaster, to go to the prince of Wales, it as a very presumptuous one; as did also some knights from Eng. with a large body of men-at-arms; that is to say, four hundred men- land, who were present, and of his council. The prince shook his at-arms and four hundred archers. As soon as the prince heard that head, and said in English (as I was told, for at that time I was not his brother was coming to him, he was much rejoiced, and gave at Bordeaux;) "IThis lord d Albret is too great a man for my country, orders accordingly. when he thus wishes to disobey the orders of my council: but, by At this period, the lord James, king of Majorca, came to visit the God, it shall not be as he thinks to have it. Let him stay behind, if prince in the city of Bordeaux; for such was his title, though he he will; for we will perform this expedition, if it please God, without possessed nothing, the king of Arragon having kept his kingdom his thousand lances." Some English knights added; "My lord, yom from him by force, and caused his father to be put to death in prison, are but little acquainted with the thoughts of these Gascons, nor how in a city of Arragon called Barcelona. On which account, this king vain-glorious they are: they have but little love for us, nor have they James, to revenge the death of his father, and to recover his inher- had for some time past. Do you not remember how arrogantly they itance, had left the kingdom of Naples, whose queen was at that behaved to you when king John of France was first brought to time his wife.* Bordeaux? They then declared publicly, that it was by their means The prince of Wales received the king of Majorca very kindly, alone you had succeeded at Poitiers, and made the king of France and entertained him handsomely. After he had heard from him the your prisoner. It is apparent that they had intended carrying things reasons of his coming, and the cause why the king of Arragon did farther; for you were upward of four months negotiating with them him so much wrong, in keeping his heritage from him, and destroying before they would consent that king John should be carried to Eng. his father, the prince replied: " Sir king, I promise you most loyally, land, and it was first necessary for you to comply with their demands that upon our return from Spain, we will undertake to replace' you on in order to preserve their attachment." Upon hearing this, the prince your throne of Majorca, either by treaty or by force of arms." was silent, but did not the less occupy his thoughts with what had rhese promises were highly pleasing to the king. He remained at just been said. Bordeaux with the prince, waiting for his departure for Spain with This was the first ground of the hatred between the prince of the others. The prince, through respect, equipped him as hand- Wales and the lord d'Albret. The lord d'Albret was at this time somely as he could; because he was a stranger, far distant from his in great peril: for the prince was of a high overbearing spirit, and own country, and his finances were but low. cruel in his hatred: he would, right or wrong, that every lord who Great complaints were daily made to the prince of the bad conduct was under his command should be dependent on him: but the earl of the free companies, who were doing all possible mischief to the of Armagnac, uncle to the lord d'Albret, hearing of this quarrel inhabitants of the countries where they were quartered. They between the prince and his nephew, came to Bordeaux to wait on pressed the prince to hasten his march, who would willingly have the prince. Sir John Chandos and sir William Felton (by whose complied, if he had not been advised to let Christmas pass over, so advice and counsels the prince solely acted) managed the matter so that he should have winter in his rear. The prince listened to this well that the prince was appeased, and said nothing more. Howcounsel the more, because his lady the princess, being far gone with ever, the lord d'Albret received orders to join with only two hundred child, was melancholy and sorrowful at the thoughts of his absence. lances, which was equally disagreeable to him and to his vassals: He was desirous to wait until she should be brought to bed, as she they never afterwards were so affectionate to the prince as they had wished to detain him. formerly been. They were forced, nevertheless, to bear this disap During this time, he was collecting great quantities of purveyan- pointment as well as they could, for they had no remedy for it. ces of all kinds; and well he had need to do so, for he was about to enter a country where he would find little'enough. While he remained at Bordeaux, the prince and his council held many consul- CHAPTER CCXXXVI. tations together. It seems to me, that the lord d'Albret and his thousand lances were countermanded, and that the prince, by the THE BIRTH OF RICHARD, SON OF THE PRINCE OF WALES. THE ARRIVAL 07 advice of his council, wrote to him in such terms as these. "My THE DUKE OF LANCASTER, TO ACCOMPANY HIS BROTHIER ON HIS IN. lord d'Albret, whereas, out of our liberal bounty, we have retained TENDED EXPEDITION. NEW TREATIES WITHTHE KING OF NAVARRE, FOR you with a thousand lances, to serve under us in the expedition THE SECURITY OF PASSING THROUGH HIS KINGDOM. SIR BERTRAND DU which, through the grace of God, we intend speedily to undertake, GUESCLIN RETURNS TO TlE ASSISTANCE OF RING HENRY and briefly to finish: having duly considered the business, and the TIME passed away so quickly while the prince was collecting his costs and expenses we are at, as well for those who have entered stores, and awaiting the arrival of his brother the dukle of Lancaster, into our service as for the free companies, whose number is so great that the princess was taken in labor, and, through God's grace, de. that we do not wish to leave them behind, for fear of the dangers livered of a fine boy on a Wednesday, the feast of the Epiphany, in which may happen, we have resolved that several of our vassals the year 1367. The child was born about eight o'clock in the mornshould remain, in order to guard the territories. For these causes it ing.* The prince and his whole household were very much rehas been determined in our council, that you shall serve in this joiced at this event. On the following Friday, he was baptized, expedition with two hundred lancs only, as has been written to about noon, at the holy font of St. Andrew's church, in the city of you. You will choose them out from the rest; and the remainder Bordeaux. The archbishop of Bordeaux performed the ceremony: you will leave to follow their usual occupations. May God have the bishop of Agen and the king of Majorca were his godfathers. you under his holy protection! Given at Bordeaux, the eighth day They gave him the name of Richard: he was afterwards king of of December." England, as you will hear in the continuation of this history. These letters were sealed with the great seal of the prince of On the ensuing Sunday, the prince set out from Bordeaux, with a Wales, and sent to the lord d'Albret, who was in his own country, grand army, about eight o'clock in the morning: he carried with him busily employed making his preparations; for it was daily reported all the men-at-arms who had been quartered there. The greater that the prince was on the point of setting out. part of his force had already marched forward, and were cantoned When he received these letters from the prince, he opened them in the city of Dax in Gascony. The prince arrived thtt Sunday deliberately, and read them twice over, in order the better to com- evening at Dax, where he halted, and remained for three days; for prehend them; for what he saw of their contents astonished him he was there informed that his brother the duke of Lancaster was on greatly. Being mightily vexed, he exclaimed, "How is this? My the road to him, having crossed the sea to Brittany, where he had lord, the prince of Wales laughs at me, when he orders me to dis- landed a fortnight since, at St. Mahe de fine P6terne: he went band eight hundred knights and squires, whom, by his command, I thence to Nantes, where he was magnificently entertained by the have retained, and have diverted from other means of obtaining,, duke of Brittany. profit and honor." In his rage, he called for a secretary, and said to The duke of Lancaster continued his route, through Poitou and him, "Write;" and the secretary wrote as follows from his dicta- Saintonge, to Blaye, where he crossed the rfver Gironde, and landed ting: "My dear lord —I am marvellously surprised at the contents at the quay at Bordeaux. He went to the monastery of St. Andrew, of the letters you have sent me; and I neither know nor can imagine where the princess lay in, and was joyfully welcomed by her and by what answer to make to them. Your orders will be to me of the all the ladies of her court. At this time, however, the duke would greatest prejudice, and subject me to much blame;'for all the men- not remain in Bordeaux: but, having bid adieu to his sister the at-arms, whom I have retained by your commands, are ready prepared to do you service, and I have prevented them seeking for honor and * Heure de tierce —Heure de prime (canonical hours.) These do not both point out thesame hour at the same senson of the year. The former, according to Cotgrave, io * Don Jayme. king of Matjorca. marriedl Ian'e, qiueen of Naples, INSj3. —FERRAEA5. "in summer eight of the clock, in winter ten;" fhe latter, "in summer four o'clock, in Townars the ensd of this year, the infint Philip of Navan'e hied. /emd. —If, as before- wintereight." ock wionted hemrigh The D eiet. de t'Acado mie explnins "tietee e as r quivbi ent to nine o'cnock ozfour calculation of timle, but does not state thehIour to which: "prime" eorrespon~ds.-lEln CHRONICLES O E N G LAND, F R ANCE, SPAIN, &c. I-n, princess, he and all his troops departed, never halting until they were their treaties, so that each party might for a certainty know on what arrived in the city of Dax, where he found his brother the prince of he was to depend. The king of Navarre was thus dissembling, be. Wales. The two brothers were very happy in this meeting, for they cause he wished to be more sure of the articles of the treaty being had a mutual affection for each other; and many proofs of friendship complied with than he was at that moment; for he was afraid, that if passed between them and their men. Soon after the arrival of the these companies should once enter his territories before what he de. duke of Lancaster, the earl of Foix came thither, who paid much manded was fully signed and agreed to, it would never be thought of court and respect, at least in outward appearance, to the prince and afterwards. his brother. offering himself and vassals for their service The duke of Lancaster ana Sir John Chandos, having finished their business, returned, and related what they had done to the prince and don Pedro. This agreement was satisfactory to bott of them. They kept the appointment, and went to the place fixed on, where they met the kimng of Navarre and his privy council. There were at Peyre Hourarde these three princes, the prince of ~ ~=, Wales, don Pedro, and the duke of Lancaster, on one part, and the king of Navarre on the other, where conferences were held between _______.__ a _them. At last, it was finally settled what each party was to receive and to perform; and the treaties which had been made before, at Bayonne, were renewed. The king of Navarre then knew for cur. ______ E __X__ tain what was to be given up to him in the kingdom of Castille He swore to maintain and preserve faithfully peace and friendship I with don Pedro. They broke up their conferences very amicably, having settled that the prince and his army might pass through his _?_~|R~ltaEidICi country whenever he pleased, as all the defiles were left ung uarded, and provision would be had for the men, upon paying for it. The. kling' of Navarre returned to the city of Pampeluna, and the king / —-j~ * I their f for thdon Pedro, the prince, and his brother, to their quarters at Dax. There were at this time many great barons from Poitou, Gascony, land Brittany, who had not joimed t he army of the prince. They had remained behind, because, as has beent before said, it was notu \ \ him in /haquite clear, until after this last conference, if the prince would have that, /uringa free passage through Navarre. It was even thought in France., the prince;~' that it would be refused him, and that the king of Navarre would "q~'x~' ~~~~' x ~ "cause this expedition to fail. However, the contrary happened.. When the knights and squires of each party found that the passage OHN OFy GAUNT, DUKE OF LANCASTEn. From a painting on glass in an ancient in- was open, they hastened their preparations, and made speed to join. derw. Library of Al Souls' College,Oxford. their friendsw; for they knew the prince would pass soon, and thiao he would not return without a battle. Sir Olivier de Clisson came with a handsome company of mena at-arms; and also, but very, The prince, who knew how to pay every honc.r and attention ac with a handsome company of men-at-arms; and also, but very sall respect, thanking him much unwillingly, came last, the lord d' Albret, with two hundred lances for his obliging offers, and for having come o visit them. He after-manied in this exedition by the catal de uch wards gave him in charge the government of the country, and desired Everything which had passed in these conferences was known in that, during his absence, lie would be attentive to guard it. The France; for there were essegers constantly going and cSmrg, townvey illdthis charge: having taken his leave of who carried with them all the news they could pick up. Sir Ber. earl very willingl y accepted this charge: hav ing taken his leave of the prince and the duke, he returned to his home. The prince, how- tnd du Guesclin (who was with the uke of ou was o sooner: informed that the passes in Navarre were opened, and that thA: ever, remained at Dax with his army, which was spread all over the on his march, than he hastened his departure, amd country, as far as the entrance of the defiles which lead to Navarre; reiterated his summons; for he knew now. that this business would" for they were uncertain if they could pass through them or not, or if not be settled without an engagement. He took the road to ArraW. the king of Navarre would lay open his country to them according to gn in order to join king Henry as speedily as possible. He Was. whis treatygon, in order to join aing Henry as speedily as possible. re wad I chis treaty. angedsi dfollowed by all sorts of men-at-arms to whom he had sent his It had been currently reported, that he had entered into new con- orders Many came from France and other countries, who were ventions with king Henry, which had much astonished the prince and attached to him, or who were desirous of cqui or. We his council, and made don Pedro very'melancholy. While these will now return to the prince, and relate what befel him and his' reports were believed, and during the stay at Dax, sir Hugh Calverly and his men entered Navarre, and took the dity of Miranda and the army mn his passage through Navarre. town of Puenta della Reyna, which alarmed the whole country, so that information was immediately sent of it to the king of Navarre. Upon hearing that the companies were forcibly entering his kindom, C H APTER C CXXXVI I. he was much enraged, and wrote to the prince, who made very light THE PRINCE OF WALEs ANt ms ARMY PASS TRE MOUNTAINS OF NAVARE, of it, because he thought the king of Navarre did not perfowrn thie AND ARRIVE AT PAMPELUNA. KITNG HENRY OF CASTILLE WRITES. articles of his treaty with don Pedro: he therefore wrote back to LETTERS TO IM. SI WILLM FELTON COMANDS N ADVNCE him to come himself, or to send some person to explain those things ETaRTY OF THE ARMY. which were laid to his charge, as it was publicly reported he had changed sides, and had joined king Henry. BETWEEN St. Jean Pied de Port and Pampeluna are the defiles When the king of Navarre heard that he was accused of treachery, and strong passes of Navarre, which are very dangerous: for therehe was more enraged than before, and sent an experienced knight, are a hundred situations among them which a handful of men would called don Martin de la Carra, to wait on the prince. When he guard and shut up against a whole army. arrived at the city of Dax, to exculpate the king of Navarre, he It was very cold in these countries when the army passed, for it; spoke so ably and eloquently to the prince that he satisfied him. It was the month of February. But before they began their march,. was then agreed that he should return to Navarre to his king, and though very eager to get forward, the principal leaders held a council i induce him to come to St. Jean Pied de Port,* where, when he should to determmne in what numbers and in what nanner they shotldt be arrived, the prince would consider whether he would meet him in march through these mountains. They learnt that the. whole army' person or not. Upon this, don Martin de la Carra quitted the prince, could not pass together; for which reason, they ordered it to be, and returned to Navarre, where he related to the king all that had divided into three bodies, and to pass one at a time three days suc passed, in what disposition he had left the prince and his council, and cessivly; that is to say on the Monday, Tuesday, and edsday upon what terms he had been sent back. Don Martin exerted him- On the Monday, the vanguard marched, under the command of: self so much that he brought the king to St. Jean Pied de Port: he the duke of Lancaster. He was accompanied by the constable of, himself went to wait on the prince at Dax. When it was known Aquitaine, sir John Chandos, who had under him full twelve, hundred-1 that the king of Navarre was on his road, the prince was advised to pennons, all ornamented with his arms, which were a sh'argpjile, send, to meet him, his brother the duke of Lancaster and sir John gles, on a field argent.* It was a handsome sight to behold. i. Chandos. These two lords, with a few attendants, set out, accom. two marshals of Aquitaine were also in this first division, namely, panied by don Martin, who conducted them to St. Jean Pied de sir Guiscard d' Angle and sir Stephen Cossington, with whom was Port to the king of Navarre, who very graciously received them, and the pennon of St. George. There were also in this division, with they had a long conference together. It was after some time settled, the dluke, sir William Beauchamp,t son of the earl of Warwick, sir that the king of Navarre should advance, to meet the prince, to a Hugh Hastings, sir Ralph Neville,; who served under Sir John place called in that country Peyre Hourarde,t where the prince and Chandos with thirty lances at his own expense and charges, out of don Pedro should be; and that then and there they should renew what he hid gained at the battle of Auray. There were likewie S st. Jean Pied de Port —a small town in Navarre, on time Nive, and at the foot of the * Barnes. —See the arms in Ashmmole. Pyrdnees. t iBarnes says, he was lord Abergavenny, and fourth son to the earl of Warwick t Peyre Hourarde-a town in Gascony. diocese et Dax. I Lord Ralph Neville. —B~aEN 5. 16a2 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. the lord d' Aubeterre, sir Garses du Chatillon, sir Richard Causton, King Henry was duly informed of the march of the prince of sir Robert Cheney, sir Robert Briquet, sir John Tyrrel, sir Aimery Wales through Navarre, for he had his messengers and spies con. de Rochechouart, sir Gaillart de la Moitre, sir William Clayton, stantly upon the look-out. He was therefore increasing his forces as Villebos le Bouteiller et Pannetier.* All these, with their pennons, much as possible by earnest and kind entreaties to the knights of were under the command of sir John Chandos, and might amount in Castille (of which he had assumed the title of king) in order to havw the whole to ten thousand cavalry, who all crossed the mountains, as a sufficient army to resist the attack. He also impatiently expected before related, on the Monday. I the arrival of sir Bertrand du Guesclin, with great reinforcements Oil the Tuesday, passed the prince of Wales and don Pedro, accompanied by the king of Navarre, who had returned to:= — -: them, in order to serve as their... H:guide. In this division of the --. = _prince were the lord Louis de. - Harcourt, the viscount de Cha- -_........_ _ — telleraut, the viscountde Rochech-.s rt, the lords de Partenay The — _ _'_'_-__.___' and de Pinane, sir William n Felton, high steward of Aqui. ticourt, the, high stewards of Saintonge, of la Rochelle, of Quercy, of Limousin, of Age- - nois, of' Bigorre, the lord de Cannaibouton and all the men rr of Poitou, sir Richard de Pontchardon, sir Nl1e Loring, the l i earl of Angus, sir Thomas B3an. ~.7 - aster,t sir Louis de a/Ierval, sir Aymon de Marnel, the lord de Y! — s Pierre-Buffiere, and four thou- /'!. sand men-at-arms at least: there T h were in the whole about ten thousand horse. This Tuesday " T. was bitter cold, with a sharp h/ mwind and snow, so that their' /,march was very painful: howlaver, they passed the mountains,.eand took up their quarters in t1he valley of Pampeluna. The: king of Navarre, indeed, con- ScEsmER OF TIlE PYRENEES ON T'riE FRENCH SIDE. —roin an Original Sketch. educted the prince of Wales and Idon Pedro to the city of Pampeluna to supper, and entertained them handsomely, as he was from France. He had besides issued special orders throughout tile enabled to do.. kingdom, to all his vassals, under pain of death, that each, according The king of Majorca crossed these mountains on the Wednesday, to his rank, should immediately come to his assistance, and defend accompanied byt he earl of Armagnac, the lord d'Albret his nephew, the realm. This king Henry was much beloved, as the Castillians sir Bernard d. Albret, lord de Gironde, the earl of Perigord, the vis- had exerted themselves in aiding him to drive don Pedro out of the,count de. Carmning, the earl of Comminges, the captal de Buch, sir kingdom: they therefore willingly obeyed his summons, and flocked t Olivier de Clissonn the three brothers de Pommiers, sir John, sir in great numbers every day to the rendezvous he had appointed at Elias, and sir Edmund, the lords de Chaumont, and de Mucident, St. Domingo de la Calhada. They amounted in all to upward of sir Robert Knolles, the lords de l'Esparre, de Condon, de Rosem, sixty thousand, as well horse as foot, ready to act for him, and re.,the souldich de la Trane,t sir Petiton de Courton, sir Aimery de solved to live or die for his service. Tarse, the lord de la Barde, sir Bertrand de Caude, the lord de Pin- Upon king Henry having sure intelligence that the prince of Wales,.cornet, sir Thomas Winstanley, sir Perducas d'Albret, the bastard with his whole army, had passed the straits of Roncesvalles, and -de Breteuil, Nandon de Bagerant, Bertrand de la Salle, Ortingo, La was in the kingdom of Navarre, whence he was about to advance Nuit, and all the other captains of the free companies, amounting to toward him, lie knew that a battle must be the consequence. This full ten thousand horse. They had much better weather than the seemed to give him great pleasure, and he said aloud: "nThe prince preceding division which crossed on the Tuesday. All these differ. of Wales is a valiant and worthy knight; and in order that he may ent bodies of men-at-arms were encamped in the vale of Pampeluna, know that I am waiting for him, to defend my right, I will w,.ite'Io recruit their horses. They remained in the country about Pam- him a part of my mind." He then called for a secretary, who adp.eluna (where they found abundance of provision, such as meat, vancing into his presence, "Write," said king Henry to him, y "a'bread, wine, and all sorts of'food for themselves and horses) until letter in such terms as these:,lehe following Sunday. "To the high, puissant, and honorable lord, the prince of Wales I must say, that all these companies did not pay the demands and of Aquitaine. wvhich were made upon. them.v; nor could they abstain from pillaging My lord-We have been informed, that you have with an army:as heretofore; they also caused great disturbances in the country passed the mountains, and have entered into treaties an alliances ound P lu ase-well a s o them. Tharch. kingofNavarre pa rince moains, and have end ing and alliances mround Pampeluna, as well as on.their march. The king of Navarre with our enemy, to make war upon and to harass us; all this has was much vexed at this; but better himself he could not: he re- caused in us much astonishment; for we have not done anything,,pented more than once that he had ever consented to the passage of nor ever had the smallest hostile intentions against you, that should the prince and his army, through his dominions, or that he had left justify your advanciig hitherward with a large army, to deprive us unguarded the defiles; for. there was more loss than profit by what of the small inheritance which it has pleased God to give us. But he had done. This, however, was not the time to show what his as you are the most powerful and most fortunate prince of the age, thoughts were; for he as not then master of his own coutry. He we flatter ourselves and hope that you glorify yourself in it. Since daily received great complaints from his subjects on this head, we have received certain intelligence that you seek us in order to which, though.the circ.umstance grieved him much, he could not offer us battle, if you will have the goodness to inform us by what remedy. Nevertheless, he entreated the men-at-arms of'the prince, road your intentions are to enter Castille, we will advance to meet _by means of some df his principal barons, who had served longest you in order to guard and defend our realm. Given," &c.,awith them inNormandy and in other places in France, that they ~vrsuld refrain from robbing the country in the manner they were When this letter was written, king Henry had it sealed, and call. 210m~ng, which they promised aznd engaged to do. ing his own herald to him, said: "Go thou as fast as possible, by the.____________________________________________________ nearest road, to the prince of Wales, and give him from me this let. ~ U'illebos le Bouteiller et i'annetier." Barnes calls him sir William Betelor, or ter." The herald replied, "Willingly, my lord." He left the kin~ iutler. ofOversley in Warwickshire: but I see no authority for it. Some of the other and taking the road to Navarre, came up to the prince; when, bend. aarnes I have altered from Barnes, as being probable: but lord Berners, who ought to have been helter informed, keeps the very names in Froissart, who, from being a ing on his knee, he delivered to him the letter from king Henry. foreigner, na~ight easily mistake them. The prince made the herald rise, and taking the letter, opined it, S Thonma Banaster —iffy-sixths knight of the Garter. —See his life in ANsTis's and read it twice over, the better to understand it. When he had arlter. read, and considered a little its contents, he ordered part of his t Souldich de la Trane. ~ee AN~sTI~. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 163 council to be summoned, telling the herald to quit the place where king Henry. The whole army spread itself over the country. The the council was to be held. free companies advanced eagerly toward Sal vaticrra, in hopes to take When the council was assembled, he read again the letter, and ex- it by assault and plunder it: they much wished to do so: for they plained it to them word for word; after which, he asked their adviceo had learnt there were great riches collected, which had been brought upon it. While they were thinking what advice to give, the prince thither from all the neighborhood, confiding in the strength of its said: "This bastard is a gallant knight, and of good prowess; for castle. The inhabitants of Salvatierra, however, were too wise to he must be a valiant gentleman to write me such a letter." The wait for this danger: they well knew they could not withstand the prince and his council were a considerable time together, for they great army of the prince, if he should think proper to lead it against could not agree as to what answer they should send. They said to them: they came and surrendered themselves to don Pedro, craving the herald: "My friend, you cannot yet set out on your return. his pardon, and presenting to him the keys of their town. By the When it shall suit my lord the prince, he will write back by you, and advice of the prince, don Pedro forgave them, or they would have by no one else: you will, therefore, tarry with us until you have fared worse, for he wished to destroy them: however, they were all your answer, for the prince wishes it to be so." The herald an- pardoned; and the prince, don Pedro, the king of Majorca, and the swered, "Please God, it shall be as you say." He remained, there- duke of Lancaster, entered the town, where they took up their quar. fore, with them quite at his ease. ters: the earl of Armagnac and the rest lodged themselves in the The evening of the same day that the herald had brought this let- villages round about. ter, sir William Felton came to the prince, and asked him a favor. We will for a while leave the prince, to speak of that advanced The prince, who was ignorant what he wanted, demanded what corps which was in Navarretta. The before-named knights, who favor he had to request: "My lord," replied sir William, "I en- had remained there, were very desirous of distinguishing themselves: treat permission to quit the army, and make an excursion into the for they had advanced five days' march before their main army. enemy's country; for I have many knights and squires under my They made frequent excursions from Navarretta to the country of command, as good men as myself, that are anxious to do something their enemies, to find out where they lay and what they were doing. worthy of notice. I promise you, if you will permit us to ride for- King Henry was encamped in the open plain, with his whole army. ward, we will see what appearance the enemy makes, and where He was desirous of hearing some intelligence of the prince, and their quarters are." The prince immediately granted his request, as much surprised that his herald did not return. he was pleased with him for having made it. Sir William Felton His people made also daily excursions, to learn something of the left the prince's army; as the leader of this expedition, accompanied English, and even advanced near to Navarretta; so that don Tello, by the following knights: sir Thomas Felton his brother, sir Thomas brother to king Henry, was informed there was an enemy's garrison Hufford, sir Robert Knolles, sir Gaillard Viguier, sir Ralph Hastings, in that town; which made him resolve to go thither with a greater the earl of Angus, and several other knights and squires. They were force, in a more regular manner, to see if what he had heard were in all one hundred and sixty lances well mounted, and three hundred true. But before this was done, it happened that the English knights archers. There were also with him, sir Hugh Stafford, sir Richard made, one evening, so long an excursion, that they fell in with king Causton, and sir Simon Burley, who are not men to be forgotten.. Henry's quarters. A grand skirmish was the consequence, which This body rode on through the kingdom of Navarre, under the threw the whole army into a great alarm. They slew some, and direction of guides, who conducted'them'to the river Ebro, which, at made several prisoners: in particular, the knight who commanded Logrono, is very deep and rapid. They, however, advanced beyond the guard was taken, without loss to themselves, and carried cleal it, and took up their quarters at a village called Navarretta:* there off. On the morrow, they sent~a herald to the prince, who was at Sal. they halted, in order to be the better informed where king Henry vatierra, to inform him what they had discovered. T'hey told him was, and to learn the state of his army. the situation the enemy had chosen, and what numbers they consisted of; for they had obtained every information from their prisoners. The prince was delighted with this intelligence, and with the ~CHAPTER CCXXXVII~I. ~ good success of his knights. C HA P TER CC X XXV I II. King Henry was much enraged that the English who were quar THE KIrNG OF NAVARRE IS MADE PRISONER BV SIR oLIVIER DE MAUNY, tered at Navarretta should thus' alarm his army, -and said that he A BRETON AND PARTIsAN OF KrING HENRY. THE PRINCE O.F WAL.ES A RETON AND PARTISAN OF ING HENR. THE PRINCE F WALES would advance toward them. He therefore decamped with all his ADVANCES TO SALvATIERRA, IN SPAIN. SIR WILLIAM PrELTON SKIR- army, designed to fix his quarters in the plains near Vittoria: lihe XIdSHES WITH THE ENEMY NEAR THE QUARTERS OF THE KING OF crossed the river* which runs near Navarretta, in order to march to FPAIN. THE TWO ARMIES ADVANCE TOWARD EACH OTHER. that country. that country. WHILE all these things were going on, the knights remained at Sir William Felton, as soon as he heard that don Henry had passed Navarretta, and the prince and his army in the country round Pam- the river, and was on his march toward the prince, held a council of peluna. The king of Navarre, in riding friom one town to another all the knights who were with him. They determined to quit their on the side where the French lay, was made prisoner by sir Olivier de present quarters, and take the field in order to be satisfied of the Mauny. The prince and all the English were much astonished at truth in regard to the Spaniards. They therefore marched from it: some in the army thought it might have been done designedly, Navarretta, sending information to the prince, that king Henry was in order to prevent his accompanying the prince farther in this ex- advancing toward him in great force, and that, from appearances, he pedition, as he was uncertain what would be the issue of the business seemed desirous to meet him. When the prince received the news between king Henry and don Pedro.t Although there was no one at Salvatierra, where he still was, that king Henry had crossed the who was not clear as to the cause of this capture, the lady his queen river, and was on his march to meet him, he was right glad, and was much alarmed and dispirited at it. She cast herself at the feet said aloud to those about him: "By my faith, this bastard is a bold of the prince, exclaiming, "For God's mercy, my dear lord, have and gallant knight, and shows great valor and enterprise in thus the goodness to inquire about the king my lord, who has been coming to seek us. Since he is as eager to find us as we are desirtreacherously made prisoner by some means unknown to us; and ous of meeting him, it is most probable it will so happen, and a corn. exert yourself in such manner that, through pity to us, and the love bat ensue. Our best way, therefore, will be to decamp hence of God, we may have him back again." The prince courteously immediately, in order to gain possession of Vittoria before our replied as follows: "Certainly, fair lady and cousin, this capture is enemies." highly displeasing to us; and we will provide shortly a remedy for The prince and his army marched from Salvatierra very early in it. I beg, therefore, you will not be cast down, but take comfort; the following morning, and halted at Vittoria, where he found sir for when once this expedition is over; he shall be delivered: this I William Felton and his party, whom he graciously entertained, ask faithfully promise, for I will attend to nothing else: immediately on ing them different questions. While they were thus discoursing, the our return,you shall have him restored to you." scouts brought news that they had seen the scouts of the enemy, The queen of Navarre then departed. But one of her noble and were certain that king Henry and his whole army was not far knights, called don Martin de la Carra, undertook to conduct the prince distant, from the signals they had observed, and from the demeanor through the kingdom of Navarre, and to procure guides for the army; of the Spaniards. The prince, on hearing this, ordered the trumpets otherwise they would not have been able to have found the roads, or to sound an alarum through the army; which being heard, every man the easiest passes through the mountains. made for his post. They were all instantly drawn up in regular order The prince broke up his encampment, and began his march They of battle: for each man had been informed what he was to do before came to a place called Echarriaranas, where they met with many he had left Salvatierra, so that every man made directly for his ban. difficulties; for it was a narrow pass, with very bad roads. In ad- ner. It was a noble sight to see so great a number of banners and dition to this, there was a great scarcity of provision; for they found pennons, ornamented with different arms.t nothing on this road until they arrived at Salvatierra, which is a very The vanguard was excellently well drawn up, under the com. good town, situated in a fertile and rich country according to the ap. mand of the duke of Lancaster. With him were, sir John Chandos, pearance of the adjoining lands.lt This town of Salvatierra is on the * Iimagine this must be the Ebro; Ar by the map, there is no river that runs near confines of Navarre, on the road to Spain, and was attached to Navarretta whicl it was aecessary for don ieary to cress in his marchfromn St. Domiago le la Calgada, where ie was eacamped, to Vittoria in Biscay. * A small village on the frontiers of Navarre. —E. Barnes says, don Henry advanced as far as St. Miguel to meet the English; but it is $ This was a trick of the king of Navarre, thinking to exculpate himself for having not so in my copies, nor can I find St, Miguel in my maps. It seems, however, probable, suffered the prince of Wales to pass through his strong country; for he had, before his as Vittoria was far distant, and out of the line to Navarretta. last treaty with the prince, entered into one of a contrary tendency with the king of Ar- t Ther might have been sene great nobleness, and baners and penons beaten with ragon and king Henry. armes waning in the wyynde. What shulde I may more. It was great nobleness to~, 1 According to the map of Spain by Jaillot, 1781. Salvatierra is in the division of Gui- beholde. te vanward was so wesi ranged th.it was marueyle to beholde-7 Losp' Iuscoa, in thep-p;noipality of Biacay. " BERNERS. 164 CHRONICLES OF EiN GLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. constable of Aquitaine, with a great retinue, and in fine order. made at Salvatierra, supposing that they were instantly to have a Many received the order of knighthood. The duke of Lancaster, in general engagement. the vanguard, knighted as many as twelve: among whom were, sir The duke of Lancaster marched straight for a small hill: he was Ralph Camois, sir Walter Loring, and sir Thomas Danvery. Sir followed by sir John Chandos, the two marshals, and several other John Chandos advanced some good squires to that honor in his divi- knights, who drew themselves up in order of battle. After a shorl sion; such as Mr. Cotton, Mr. Clifton,* Mnr Prior, William Firme. time, the prince and doll Pedro came thither, and, as they advanced, ton, Aimery de Rochechouart, Girard de la Motte and Robert Briquet. formed themselves in like manner. The prince made also several knights; first, don Pedro, king of Don Tello and his brother were also very desirous of gaining this Spain, sir Thomas Holland, the son of the princess, his lady, sir eminence, it being a favorable position; but they were disappointed Philip and Sir Denis Courtenay, sir John Covet, sir Nicholas Bond, in their wishes, as you have just heard. When, therefore, they saw and many more. The other lords bestowed similar honors on their that they could not attempt it, without great risk, for the whole Eng. battalions; so that there were upward of three hundred knights, lish army was in motion, they formed themselves into a compact body. who remained drawn up the whole day, waiting for their enemies, to return to their own army, and thus retreated, marching in handsome to give them battle, if they had advanced to them; but they did not array, and hoping to have some fortunate adventure ere they got come nearer than where the scouts were, home. Before they had retired, several gallant actions were perKing Henry was expecting great reinforcements from Arragon; fbrmed; for some of the English and Gascons had quitted their ranks, and he waited also for sir Bertrand du Guesclin, who was coming to to tilt with these Spaniards, many of whom they had unhorsed: but his assistance with upward of four thousand combatants; for he was the main body of the English army remained upon the mountain, not desirous of engaging before their arrival. The prince was not expecting a general engagement. displeased at this delay; for his rear-divisions, which consisted of When the Spaniards, in their retreat firom the prince's army, were more than six thousand men, were above seven country leagues be- approaching their own, they met the detached part of the English hind. The prince was, during the whole time he lay before Vittoria, under the command of sir William Felton and his brother, sir Hugh in the greatest anguish of mind at their being so long in coming up to Hastings, sir Richard Causton, the earl of Angus, and many more him. Nevertheless, had the Spaniards thought proper to advance who might amount in the whole to two hundred knights and squires nearer them with the intent of offering battle, the prince, without as well Gascons as English. They immediately charged them in a waiting for this division, would not have refused the combat. wide valley, shouting out, " Castille, for king Henry!" The abovenamed knights, perceiving they had but little chance of success against such superior numbers as the Spaniards were, comforted themselves CHAPTER CCXXXIX. the best they could, and, advancing into the plain, took possession of a small eminence, where they drew up in order of battle. The SpanTHE ARRIVAL OF SIR BERTRAND Du GrESCLIN, TO THE AID OF CING HENRY. lards marched toward them, and halted to consider what would be the DON TELLO ATTACKS THE ADVANCED GUARD OF THE PRINCE OF WALES most advantageous manner of fighting them. -DEFEATS SIR WILLIAM FELTON AND HIS BODY OF IEN. Sir William Felton performed that day a most brilliant action WHIEN evening came, the two marshals, sir Guiscard d'Angle and descending the hill full gallop, with his lance in its rest, hlie dashed sir Stephen Cossington, ordered every man to retire to his quarters; into the midst of the Spaniards, when meeting a Spanish knight, he but, on the trumpets sounding on the morrow morning, they were all he drove his spear with such foce, it passed through his armor, body to take the field in the same position they had done before. Every and all, and threw him dead on the ground. Sir William was surrondedo all, snhe imdes; bon the ground. air manfllya was anstculd one obeyed these orders, except sir William Felton and his company, rounded on all sides; but he fought as manfully as any knight could whom I have before mentioned. They left the prince that same have done, and did them much mischief before they were able to evening, and advanced farther into the country, to learn the state of bring him down. His brother and the other knights were witnesses, the enemy: they took up their quarters about two leagues distant from the eminence, of his valor, and the gallant acts he was doing, firr~~~~om their army.~ ~ ~as well as the peril he was in; but it was out of their power to assist Don Tello happening this very evening to be in his brother king him, without running every risk themselves. They remained, there. Henry's tent, conversing on various topics, said to the king: "Sire, fore, steadily upon the mountain in order of battle. The knight fought you know that our enemies are encamped very near us, and yet none as long as his strength lasted, but in the end was unfortunately slain. of our men think of beating up their quarters. I therefore entreat you The French and Spaniards, after this, began to attack the English, will give me permission to make an excursion toward them to-morrow and to endeavor to take them that had drawn themselves up on the morning, with a detached body of the army, who are well inclined: hill. That day, many good actions were done. At one time, they I promise you to advance so far that we will bring you back certain made a general attack, and descended in a body upon their enemies; news of them, and what they are about." King Henry, observing the and then, wheeling suddenly about, they wisely regained their mon. eagerness of his brother, wished not to baulk him, and gave his con- tlan, where they remained untilhigh noon. Had the prince known sent directly. their dangerous situation, he would have relieved them; but he was At this same hour, sir Bertrand du Guesclin, with upward of four quite ignorant of it. They were therefore obliged to wait the issue thousand fighting men, arrived at the army, from France and Arra- of this business in the best way they could. gon. The king was much rejoiced at this: he received them in the When the combat had been thus carried on, advancing and retreat. most honorable and gracious manner, as.was becoming him to do. ing, until the hour I have mentioned, don Tello, tired at their holding Don Tello was anxious not to let his plan sleep, hut immediately out so long, cried a.ingrily aloud: "My lords, shall we remain here mentioned it to several of his friends who he knew would join him., all the day, with this handful of men? By St. Jago, we ought to He would have done the same to sir Bertraid du Gueselin, sir Ar- have swallowed them up before this time. Forward! forward! let nold d'Andreghen, the bbgue de Villaines and the viscount de Roque- us attack them in a better and more vigorous manner than before bertin, if he had dared; but, as they were just arrived, he did not: One cannot gain anything without talking some pains." Upon hear. besides, king Henry had forbidden him to speak to them on this sub- ing this, the Spaniards and French advanced courageously, mounted ject. Don Tello, therefore, left them alone. Nevertheless, he had the hill, with their spears presented before them, in such close order with him some French and Arragonian knights, who had been with and in such numbers, that the English could neither break nor force the army the whole season: he had exerted himself so much that, in through them. Many valorous deeds were done on this mountain, the whole, he had collected a body of more than six thousand horse- for the English and Gascons defended themselves most valiantly, but, men, well mounted and accoutred. His brother, don Sancho, accom- from the mosent the Spaniards had gained the hill, they could nmt panied him. make any long resistance. They were all taken or slain; and not At the first break of day, they were all ready mounted. They left one of the knights escaped: only a few boys saved themselves by the army, advancing in good order toward the quarters of the English. the fleetness of their horses, who returned to the army of the prince, About sunrise, they met, in a valley, part of sir Hugh Calverly's com. which had all that day continued drawn up in battle array, in the pany, with his baggage, who had slept about a league distant from the expectation of an engagement. main army, and also sir Hugh himself. When the Spaniards and French perceived them, they immediately attacked and defeated them. The greater part were slain, and the baggage seized: but sir CHAPTER CCXL. Hugh, who was behind, had taken another road: he was, however, seen, pursued, and forced to fly with all his attendants, as fast as they SIE PRINCE OF WANlSEGH SEN GIVES A TGOOD ANSWDVICE TO KING HENRY OF CASTILLETTER. could, to the army of the duke of Lancaster. The Spaniards, who were upward of six thousand in one body, rode on, and made a viO- AFTER having conquered the before.named knights, don Tello and lent assault upon the outskirts of the quarters of the vanguard, under don Sancho returned with their detachment in great joy to the army thtS command of the duke of Lancaster. They began to shout, "Cas- and went in the evening to the quarters of king Henry. The two tille!" with loud cries, to overthrow tents, huts, and everything that brothers who had been in this expedition made a present to the king came in their way, killing and wounding all that opposed them; so of their prisoners, and related to him, in the presence of sir Bertrand that when the vanguard heard this noise, the leaders as well as men du Guesclin, sir Arnold d'Andreglhen and others, how the day: had were alarmed, and hastened to arm themselves and draw up before passed, and what road they had taken; how they had first fallen in the lodgings of the duke of Lancaster, who was already armed, with with the people of sir Hugh Calvefly, whom they had slain or chased his banner flying in front. The English and Gascons hurried to the even to the army of the English: that they had beaten up the quar Sold, each lord to his banner or pennon, according to the arrangements tars of the d uke of Lancaster1 alarmed the whole army, and done This name is given acording to Barnes. Lord Blerners sy Clisson.-E... much mischief: that upon their re.re at d:;hy' had met those knight CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 165 whom they had taken prisoners. King Henry, who had listened to as it behoveth all kings to do, and also to preserve the firm alliances this account with great pride, replied most graciously to his brother, made by our lord the king of England, with the king don Pedro, in don Tello, and said' "Amiable brother, well have you performed former times. But as you are much renowned among all good your promise: I will reward you handsomely for it; and I feel, that knights, we would wish, if it were possible, to make up these dif. all the rest of our enemies must ultimately come to this pass." ferences between you both; and we would use such earnest enSir Arnold d'Andreghen, on this, stepped forth and said: "Sire, treaties with our cousin, the king don PdIro, that you should have a sire. with your permission, I wish not to doubt your majesty's words, large portion of the kingdom of Castille, but you must give up all but to make an amendment by informing you, that when you shall pretensions to the crown of that realm, as well as to its inheritance. meet the prince of Wales in battle, you will find men-at-arms such Consider well this proposition; and know further, that we shall enter as they ought to be; for with him is the flower of chivalry of the the kingdom of Castille by whatever place shall be most agreeable whole world, and hardy and tough combatants: those who, in truth, to us. Written at Logrono, the 30th day of March, 1367.' would rather die on the spot than think of flying. It therefore When this letter was finished, folded up and sealed, it was given behoves you to weigh maturely this point, before you determine: and, to the herald who had brought king Henry's, and who had waited for if you will believe what I am going to say, you may take them all, an answer for three weeks. He took his leave of the prince and the without striking a stroke. You have only to guard the passes and other lords, and rode on until he came to Navarretta, near to which defiles, so that no provision can be brought them, when famine will place the king was encamped upon the heath. He made for the do the business for you: they must then return back to their own king's tent, followed by the principal lords of the army, who, having country in disorder and spiritless, so that you may easily gain your heard of the return of the herald, were anxious to know what news object, and defeat them without striking a blow." he had brought. King HIenry answered, "By the soul of my father, marshal, I have The herald, on his knees, presented the king the letter which the such a desire to see this prince, and to try my strength with him, that prince had sent by him. The king took and opened it, calling sir we will never part without a battle. Thank God, I have enow of Bertrand du Guesclin, and some of the lords of his council, to its men to assist me. In the first place, there are already in our army perusal. When the letter had been read and well considered, sir seven thousand men-at-arms, each mounted on a good courser, and Bertrand du Guesclin thus spoke to king Henry: " Sire, be assured so well covered with armor that they fear not the arrows of the archer. that very shortly you must have a battle: from what I know of the In addition, I have twenty thousand more, mounted on genets and prince, I am convinced that it must be so. I therefore advise you to armed from head to foot. I have besides forty thousand common look well to this business, to order and arrange your men the best possoldiers, with lances, darts and shields, who will do much service, sible manner." " Sir Bertrand," replied king Henry, "in. God's for they have all sworn they will rather die than leave me; so that, name so it shall be. I have no dread of the prince's army: for I have my lord marshal, I ought not to be afraid, but rather place great con- three thousand barbed horses, which will be on our two wings, seven fidence in the power of God and of my men." Thus ended this thousand warders,* and upward of twenty thousand men-at-arms, the conversation: wine and spices were brought in by some knights, of best that can be found in all Castille, Gallicia, Portugal, Cordova and which the king and the lords present partook; and then they all retired Sicily, besides ten thousand cross-bows, and full fortyt thousand foot, to their quarters. The knights and squires who had that day been armed with lances, darts, swords and all sorts of weapons, who have made prisoners, gave their oaths as such, and were put under the made prsonders, gave their oaths as such, and were put under the sworn to die rather than desert me. I trust, therefore, sir Bertrand, care of different knights. that through God's grace, in whom I put my trust, we shall have the We will return to the prince, to speak of his arrangements. He best of it, as well as from the justice of our right in this affair..1 and the duke of Lancaster had remaine. d in the position they had therefore rnt.eat you all tobe of good courage. taken in the morning, until about vespers, whent they were informed Thus the king and sir Bertrand conversed together, as well as on that their advanced detachment had been all taken or killed; at different subjects, laying aside all thoughts of the letter which the which they were much vexed, but they could not then amend it. prince had sent, for king Henry was determined to have a battle. They retired to their quarters, where they remained that night. On Don Tello and don Sancho began to draw up their men in proper the morrow morning, they called a council, and determined to leave order, and to busy themselves in preparing everything: they were their present position, to advance more into the country. They de- much esteemed, for'the success of their late expedition. But we camped, and took up their quarters nearer to Vittoria, marching full must now return to the prince, and show how he was going on. armed, as if immediately to engage; for they had heard that king Henry and his brothers, with their army, were not far distant: however, they made no advances to meet them. CHAPTER CCXLI. You must know, the prince and his brother were in great want of provision for themselves and their horses, as they had entered a very THE BATTLE OF NAVARRETTA, WHICH TIHE PRINCE OF WALES, SUPPORTING barren country, while king Henry and his army enjoyed a quite con- THE FART OF EING DON FEDRO AGAINST HIS BROTHER THE BASTARD, trary situation. A loaf of bread, and of no great size, was sold in GAINs. sIR BEETRAND DU GUESCLIN IS MADE PRISONER, AND RING the prince's army for a florin; and many were very eager to pay this HENRY FORCED TO FLY, AFTER HAVING FOUGHT MIOST VALIANTLY. price, whenever they were able to get it. The weather was also ON Friday, the 2nd of April, the prince decamped from Logrono, extremely bad, with high wind, rain and snow; and in this miser- where he and all his army had halted. He marched in order of able distressing plight they remained for six days. battle, as if an engagement were on the point of commencing; for When the prince and his lords found the Spaniards make no ad- he knew that king Henry was not far distant. After having m-arche vances to offer them battle, and that their distress was great where about two leagues, he arrived before the town of Navarretta, about they were, they held a council, and resolved to seelk elsewhere for nine o'clock, where he took up his quarters. As soon as they bad a passage over the Ebro. They therefore decamped, and took the dismounted, the prince sent his scouts, to observe the countenance road toward Navarretta, through a country called La Guardia, which of the enemy and where they lay. These scouts, being mounted on having passed, they came to a town called Viana. There the prince, the best of horses, left the army, and advanced until they saw the the duke of Lancaster, the earl of Armagnac and the other lords, whole of the Spanish force encamped upon the heaths beyond halted two days, to refresh themselves. They then crossed the river Navarretta: they instantly informed the prince of this, who was which divides Castille from Navarre, at the bridge of Logrono, in the very glad to hear it. Toward evening he gave out secret orders for midst of gardens and olive trees. They found there a richer country the army to hold itself in readiness atthe first sound of his trumpet: than that which they had left; but even here they were much dis- that at the second sound it should arm, and on the third mount, and tressed for want of provision. Wtressed for want of provision, tateprnendisimmediately follow the banners of the marshals and the pennon of When king Henry was told that the prince and his army had St. George; and that no one, under pain of death, should break his crossed the Ebro at the bridge of Logrono, he left St. Miguel, where rank, without being ordered so to do. he had kept his quarters for a long time, advanced to Najarra upon King Henry had done exactly as the prince of Wales, and had the same river, and there encamped. News was soon brought to the sent out his scouts on this Friday evening, to learn the condition of prinlce of king Henry's approach. This gave him great joy; and he the prince's army, what appearance they made, and where they were said aloud, "By St. George, this bastard proves himself a valiant quartered. Those sent %brought back true intelligence: upon hearknight, fr'om the desire be shows to meet us in battle. We shall knights from the desire he shows to ieet us in battle. We shatll ing-it, the king and sir Bertrand held a consultation on the subject. certainly soon see each other; for we cannot fail doing so much i kI cger." He then summoned his br other, the duke of Lancaster They made their men sup anid go to bed very early; that they might kcnger." He then summoned his brother, the dukre of Lancaster, er eh n alt mdit wn e ee o add be more fresh and hearty by midnight, when they were commanded and some other barons of his council who were there, and wrote, to make themselves ready, arm, and take the field in battle-array; with their advice, an answer to the letter which king Henry had for they well knew that a battle must ensue on the morrow. The sent to him, in the following terms:I I.3 Spaniards, therefore, made themselves merry, for the'y had where. "EDWARD, by the grace of GoD, prince of Wales and of Aquitaine, withal largely to do so: hut the English were in the greatest want to the renowned Henry earl of Trastamare, who at this present time of provision; for which reason they were anxious to fightS. calls himself king of Castille: The trumpets of king Henry sounded at moidnight: on which, hus "Whereas you have sent to us a letter by your herald, in which, whole army was on foot: at the second blast, they left their tents, among other things, mention is made of your desire to know why we have admitted to our friendship your enemy, our cousin the king * This word in D. Sauvage is "grustteurs" —a warder, a watcher, or a spy: this is not don Pedro, and upon what pretext we are carrying on a war agniust very intelligiblc. Lard Isers says getsurs; that is, men meanted an the tight Spanlish hrorses calledf gencLts'. —F;:m you, and have entered Castille with a large arny: in answer to this, t. Sptviae an d Lor d B erne.'s s',y st. ty. —-D.. we inform you, that it is to maintain justice aad in support of reason, $ They had great desyre to fsght oyther to wynne or to Lese slt. —-DoR. BiR~Rs 166 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. took the field, and formed in three battalions. The first battalion I lord under his banner or pennon, in the same battle array as when was commanded by sir Bertrand du Guesclin and sir Robert de they passed the mountains. R`oquebartin, a viscount of Arragon. Under him were all the for- It was delightful to see and examine these banners and pennons, eigners, as well from France as from other countries: among whom with the noble army that was under them. The two armies began were two barons from Hainault, the lord d' Antoing and sir Alard to move a little, and to approach nearer each other; but, before they lord de Brisueil. There was also in this division the begue de Vil- met, the prince of Wales, with eyes and hands uplifted toward laines, the b~gue de Villiers, sir John de Bergettes, sir Gauvain de heaven, exclaimed: "GCoD of truth, the Father of JESUS CHaIsT, who Bailleul, l'Allemant de Saint Venant, who was there created a has made and fashioned me, condescend, through thy benign grace, knight, with many other knights from Arragon, France, Provence, that the success of the battle of this day may be forme and my army; and the neighboring countries. There were in this battalion full for thou knowest, that in truth I have been solely emboldened to four thousand knights and squires, excellently armed, and drawn undertake it in the support of justice and reason, to reinstate this up according to the French manner. Iking upon his throne, who has been disinherited and driven from it, Don Tello and his brother don Sancho commanded the second as well as from his country." After these words, he extended his division. There were under them twenty-five thousand lancemen, right arm, took hold of don Pedro's hand, who was by his side, and as well on horse as on foot,* who drew up a little behind the division added, "Sir king, you shall this day know whether you will have of sir Bertrand, on his left hand. anything in the kingdom of Castille or not." He then cried out, T'he third, and largest battalion without comparison, was com- "Advance, banners, in the name of God and St. George!" manded by king Henry himself. There were in it, and drawn up in As he said this, the duke of Lancaster and sir John Chandos came array, upward of seven thousand horsemen and fortyt thousand in- up to him. The duke said to sir William Beauchamp: "William, fantry among the cross-bowmen. there are our enemies; you shall see me this day act like a true iWhen they were thus formed, king HIenry mounted a handsome cknight, or die for it." At these words, the two armies advanced, and strong mule, according to the custom of his country, and rode The first conflict was between the battalion of the duke of Lancastex throun:g the ranks, paying his compliments to the lords, graciously and sir John Chandos and that of sir Bertrand du Guesclin and the entreating them to exert themselves this day in defending his honor, marshal d'Andreghen, who had under them four thousand men-at. and pointing out to every one of them what they were to do with so arms. At its commencement, there was a terrible medley of spears much cheerfulness and good-hunmor, that they were all in high spirits, and shields. They were in this situation a considerable time before After he had thus visited his army, he returned to his own battalion. they could make any opening into each other. Many gallant deeds It was soon broad day. About sunrise, they began their march were performed, and many a knight unhorsed, who could not again toward Navarretta, in order of battle, to meet and engage the raise himself. enemy-. When these two divisions were thus engaged, the others were not Tihe prince of Wales, as it has'been before related, drew up his willing to remain idle, but advanced to the combat with eagerness. army in the manner he intended they should engage, while he lay The prince of Wales, accompanied by the king don Pedro of Castille, before Vittoria, when the enemy did not appear according to Iis asd don Martin de la Carra, who represented the king of Navarre, expectations. He had not since then made any alterations concern- charged the division which was commnanded by don Tello and don ing it, and had always marched in this order. At break of day, Sancho. But it seems that, as the prince and his battalion were on therefore, the prince's army took the field, marching in battle-array, the point of engaging, a sudden panic seized don Tello, so that he as expecting to reet the Spaniards. No one advanced before the wheeled about, and fled in disorder without striking a blow, carrying battalion of the marshals excepting those who received orders, as with him two thousand cavalry of his division. No one knew how scouts; and the two leaders, as well as both the armies, knew, from to accomit for this conduct. This second division was no sooner the intelligence of the scouts, that they should shortly meet; they broken than it was discomfited; for the captal do Buch and the lord therefore mnarched forward with a geistle pace. de Clisson, quitting the battalion of the earl d'Armagnac with their When the sun was risen it was a beautiful sight to view these bat- men, fell upon them, and slew andwounded immense numbers. The talions, with their brilliant armor glittering with its beams. In this prince and don Pedro, upon this, advanced to the division commanded manner, they nearly approached to each other. The prince, with a by king Henry, in which there were at least forty thousand men, as few attendants, mounted a small hill, and saw very clearly the enemy well on foot as on horseback. The fight now began in earnest on marching straight toward them. Upon descending this hill, he all sides; for the Spaniards and Castillians had slings, from which extended his line of battle in the plain, and then halted. The they threw stones with such force as to break helmets and scull-caps, Spaniards, seeing the English had halted, did the same in order of so that they wounded and unholrsed many of their opponents. The battle; then each man tightened his armor, and made ready as for English archers, according to their custom, shot sharply with their instant combat. bows, to the great annoyance and death of the Spaniards. On one Sir John Chandos advanced in front of the battalions, with his side, there were shouts of "Castille, fcr king Henry!" on the other, banner uncased in his hand. He presented it to the prince, saying: " St. George, for Guienne!" "My lord, here is my banner: I present it to you, that I may dis- During this time, the first battalion, commanded by the duke of play it in whatever manner shall be most agreeable to you; for Lancaster, sir John Chandos, and the two marshals, sir Guiscard thanks to God, I have now sufficient lands to enable me so to do, d'Angle and sir Stephen Cossington, was warmly engaged with that and maintain the rank which it ought to hold." The prince, don of sir Bertrand du Guesclin and the other knights from Arragon and Pedro being present, took the banner in his hands, which was bla. France. Many valorous actions were done; and each tried his zoned with a sharp stake gules on a field argent: after having cut strength to open a passage through the enemy. Several fought with off the tail to make it square, he displayed it, and, returning it to their spears in both hands, with which they dealt about lustily their him by tihe handle, said: "Sir John, I returni you your banner. blows; others made use of short swords and daggers. At the con}. God give you strength and honor to preserve it.it" mencement the French and Arragonians made a desperate resistance, Upon this, sir John left the prince, went back to his men with the and gave the good knights of England much trouble. banner in his hand, and said to them: " Gentlemen, behold my Sir John Chandos showed himself an able knight, and performed banner and yours: you will therefore guard it as it becomes you." manygallantdeeds underhisbanner; but,inhiseagernessinfightig His companions, taking the banner, replied with much cheerfulness, and driving his enlemies before him, he was so far engaged as to be that "if it pleased God and St. George, they would defend it well, surrounded, and in the crowd unhorsed. A large man of Castille, and act worthily of it, to the utmost of their abilities." The banner called Martin Ferrand, who was much renowned for courage among was put into the hands of a worthy English squire, called William the Spaniards, threw himself upon him with a determined resolution Allestry, who bore it with honor that day, and loyally acquitted to kill him, and kept him down in the greatest danger. Sir John, himself in the service. The English and Gascons soon after dis- however, bethought himself of a knife he had in his bosom, which mounted on the heath, and assembled very orderly together, each hie drew, and struck so well with it this Martin in the sides and back says, that batayle l te gers there were fiteen tousnd that he gave him his death-blow as he was lying under him: he then ~Lord Berners says, " In that batayle with the genetours there were fifteen thousand a fete and a horseback." D. Sauvage here uses the word Genetaires instead of turned him over, and rose up as speedily as he could: his people guette-us, but no reason appears tob Mr. Johnes's omitting it altogether The differ- were now all ready about him, for they had with great difficulty ence in the numbers is remarkable. D. Sauvage had this note in the margin: "'he broken through the crowd to come to the place where he had fallen, abridgments say sixteen thousand; but Sala adds horses only; and La Chaux, simply It was on a Saturday, in the morning, between NaJarra and Navarmen.-ED. t Lord Berners and D. Sauvage both say sixtl. —E. retta, that this severe and bloody battle was fought, in which multi TThis ceremony gave Chandos the rank of Knight Banneret, which it is surprising tudes of men were slain. In this engagement many were the bril. that he. who had seen so many stricken fields, lstd not received befbre. This order of lant actions performed by the prince of Wales, Iis brother te duke knighthood was the most honorable, being conferred only on the field of battle. Allof Lancaster, sir John Chandos, sir Guiscard d'Angle, the captal de the treatises on heraldry say that it must be conferred after the battle, although in this case we see an instance of its being obtained befbre the fighst, the strict rule being Buch, the lords de Clisson and de Raix, sir Hugh Calmverly, sir Mat. probably waived in consideration of the knight'sefsrmer fields. It is generally supposed thew Gournay, sir Louis de Harcourt, the lords de Pons and de thnt tisis order, which took precedence of ill others below bisons, anst whose members Partenay. On the other hand, among the Gascons, the lords d'Ar. were anciently cnlleis to parliament by sumsmons, (,rigiontesi in time reig, of Edwvard I., 5 L 1.5. 0 but Edmondson in Isis Body of Heraldry says they were first created in 786; he does not magnac, d'Albret, do fers ann mis two btoems, ue ucident, however quote any authority in support ofi his missertion. The order was hereditary in de Rosem, the earls de Perigord, de Comminges, de Carnnain, the France, bht in England emndured only for life. IKnighsts Bannerets were allowed to lords de Condon, de h'Esparre, de Chanmont, de Pincornet, Bartholo. hear arrms with supporters, wsich is denied to all othsers smnder the decree of a baron. mew do Cande, do Geronde, sir Bernard d'Albret, sir Aimery do The last Knight Hanneret reonted in England wans ir John Smith, who was advmneed i Tarse, the souldiem do lEstrade, sir Petiton de Courton, with many to the dignity after the battle of Edgehill for rescuinug the royal standard; he was slaint in battle at Alresfbrd in Hampshire. —E. I other knights and squires, gave equal proofs o. gallantry. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 167 Under the pet.non of St. George, and attached to the banner of speechcs to them; he said, "My good people, you have made me mr John Chandos, were the firee companies, who had in the whole your king, and have crowned me: help me to defend the inheritance twelve hundred streamers.* Among them were good and hardy which you have given to me." By such words as these which he knights and squires, whose courage was proof; namely, sir Robert every now and then addressed to them, many were so bold and Cheney, sir Perducas d'Albret, Robert Briquet, sir Garsis du Chastel, valorous that for their honor they fell on the spot, disdaining to fly. sir Gaillard Viguier, sir John Charnels, Nandon de Bagerant, Ayme- The division on the side of the Spaniards which behaved the best, mon d'Ortige, Perrot de Savoye, le bourg Camus, le bourg de l'Es-. and was also the best fought with, was that commanded by sir Ber parre, le bourg de Breteuil, Espiote, and several others. I must trand du Guesclin; for there were on both sides true men-at-arms, therefore say, that sir Bertrand du Guesclin, sir Arnold d'Andreghen, who exerted themselves to the utmost of their abilities. Many gal. don Sancho, don Gomez Garilz,t and the French and Arragonian lant deeds were performed by them. Sir John Chandos distinguished xnights who had engaged with this battalion, did not find themselves himself particularly. He governed, that day, the duke of Lancaster, the better for it, as these companies were composed of tried men, in the same manner he had done the prince of Wales at the battle oi wvho had been long accustomed to arms. Poitiers; for which he was exceedingly praised and honored, as was There were besides many other knights and squires from England, indeed but just; when such a valiant and good knight thus acquits ander the banners of the duke of Lancaster and sir John Chandos; himself toward his lords, he is worthy of honor and respect. Sir among whom were sir William Beauchamp, son to the earl of War- John, therefore, during the day, never thought of making any pris. wick, sir Ralph Camois, sir Walter Urswick, sir Thomas de Demery, oners with his own hand, but was solely occupied in fighting and sir John Grandison, sir John Draper, sir John du Pre, sir Aimery de pushing forward. However, many good knights and squires from Rochechouart, sir Gaillard de la Motte, and upward of two hundred Arragon, France, and Brittany, were made prisoners by his people, other knights whom I am not able to name. and under his banner: particularly sir Bertrand du Guesclin, sir To say the truth, sir Bertrand du Guesclin, the marshal d'An- Arnold d'Andreghen, the bhgue de Villaines, with upward of sixty dreghen, le bhgue de Villaines, the lords d'Antoing and de Briseuil, knights; consequently the battalion of sir Bertrand was discomfited. sir Gauvain de Bailleui, sir John de Bergettes, le bhgue de Villiers, All those who had come thither from France and Arragon were l'Allemand de St. Venant, and the good knights who were then from either slain or taken. Among the slain was the b/gue de Villiers. France, acquitted themselves most valiantly: truly, had the Spaniards The lord d'Antoing in Hainault, the lord de Briseuil, sir Gauvin de as well performed their parts, the English and Gascons would have Bailleul, sir John de Bergettes, sir l'Allemand de St. Venant, with suffered more than they did. many others, were made prisoners. Those who were near king Henry did their duty like men; for he Upon this the banners and pennons, that is to say, the banner of had before entreated of them to behave courageously. He himself the duke of Lancaster, the banner of sir John Chandos, the banner set the example, and performed such valorous acts as gave courage of the two marshals, and the pennon of St. George and others, returned to all around him. He advanced before those who were beginning toward the division which was commanded by king Henry, shouting to give way and fly, calling to them: " My lords, I anm your king. out," St. George, for Guienne!1" Upon this the Spaniards, and those You have placed me upon the throne of Castille, and have sworn who supported them, were repulsed. On one side, was seen the that you would die sooner than forsake me. For the love of God captal de Buch and the lord de Clisson manfully engaged: on another, preserve your oaths sacred which you have sworn to me, and behave sir Eustace d'Ambreticourt, sir Hugh Calverly, the souldich de l'Es. yourselves handsomely in my cause. I will acquit myself toward trade, and sir John Devereux, showed themselves good knights. you, for I will not fly one step as long as I shall see you combating The prince shone preeminently: he proved his noble birth, and by my side." By these words, or others of a similar tendency, did the gallantry of his knighthood, by his eagerness to seek his enemies, king Henry thrice bring back his men to the combat. He himself and bravely fighting with them. behaved so valiantly, that he ought to be much honored and respected. On the other hand, king Henry acquitted himself right valiantly in This battle was fought with great perils: many were slain, wounded, every situation: he more than once rallied his men to the combat; and put to flight. for when they saw don Tello take flight, accompanied by two thou. The Spanish commonalty made use of slings, to which they were sand men, they began to be cast down, and the greater part of them accustomed, and from which they threw large stones which at first were so much frightened, that they were willing to follow his ex. much annoyed the English; but when their first cast was over, and ample; but king Henry galloping up to the foremost, said, "My gou'nd they felt the sharpness of the English arrows, they kept no longer lords, what are you doing? why would you thus seek to abandon any order. King Henry had in his battalion a large number of good and betray me? you who have chosen me for your king, and placed men-at-arms, as well fiom Spain as from Lisbon, Arragon, and Por- the crown of Castille upon my head, giving.me the inheritance of it? tugal, who acquitted themselves exceedingly well, and did not give Return back, and help me to guard, defend,.and maintain it:. remain up so easily, butfoughtvery courageously with lances and guisarmes,1I steady near to me, for, through God's grice, the day shall still be pikes, and swords. He had also upon his two wings bodies of lance- ours" By such speeches as these, he encouraged many, and caused men, mounted on excellent coursers, who kept up the courage of his them to fight boldly: they could not for shame fly,.when they saw division; for when they saw any part of it likely to be broken, or their king and lord act himself so vigorously in the combat, and willing to give way, they galloped up to them, and drove them back. address such friendly words to them. More than fifteen hundred The English and Gascons had not much advartAage here, but what persons lost their lives by this management, who would otherwise they gained from their experience and by dint of deeds of prowess have been saved by taking advantage of a favorable opportunity, it and vigor. The prince had indeed with him the flower of chivalry, it had not been for their love of the king. and there were under him the most renowned combatants in the After the defeat of the battalion of sir Bertrand du Guesclin and whole world. the marshal d'Andreghen, when all the divisions of the prince were A little to the right of the battalion of the prince was the king of formed into one large body, the Spaniards could no longer keep their Majorca and his company, who fought vigorously, and exerted them- ground, but began to fly in great disorder, much frightened, toward selves to the best of their power. On the other hand was don Martin the town of Najarra,* and to cross the river which runs by it: in de la Carra, who represented the king of Navarre, and did his duty spite of everything king Henry could say, they would'not rally nor well. I cannot particularize all that were deserving of notice; but return to the fight. the prince had in his division many well-famed knights from England When king Henry perceived that his army was totally defeated, and Gascony: namely, sir Richard de Pontchardon, sir Thomas without hopes of recovery, he called for his horse, mounted it, and gal. Despenser, sir Thomas Holland, sir N6le Loring, sir Hugh and sir loped among the crowd of runaways, but was careful not to take the Philip Courtenay, sir John Combes, sir Nicholas Bond, sir Thomas road either to Najarra or to the river: for he wished not to be sur. Combes, and several others, such as the s6neschal of Saintonge, sir rounded; he followed another road, to avoid every danger; in which Baldwin de Franvllle, the high stewards of Bordeaux, of la Rochelle, he acted wisely, as he was fully aware that, if he should be made of Poitou, of Angoul6me, of Rouergue, of Limousin, of Perigord, sir prisoner, he would be slain without mercy. The English and GasLouis de Marnel, sir Raymond d'Ondueil, and many more. All cons now mounted their horses, and went in pursuit of the Spaniards,, these you must know fought in earnest, as indeed they had need to who were flying in dismay, as far as Najarra. There was much, do: for the Spaniards and Castillians were near one hundred thousand slaughter and effusion of blood at the entrance of the bridge: many men in arms, so that their great numbers kept up their courage: there were killed and drowned: for great numbers leaped into the river,, could not but be among them many who fought well and did their, which was both rapid and deep, preferring the being drowned to, utmost. being murdered. The king don Pedro was much heated, and very anxious to meet In this flight, there were two valiant men of Spain, knights at: his brother the bastard: he galloped about, calling out, " Where is arms, who wore, however, the dress of monks: one was called the. this son of a whore who calls himself k1ing of Castille?" King Henry granrid prior of St. Jamo, the other the grand naster of the order of, was engaged in another part of the field, where he fought manfully, Calatrava: they and their attendants threw themselves for safety into: and keept up the courage of his men, as well as he could, by hi.s the town of Najarra, but were so closely pursued by the English:and, Gascons, who were at. their heels, that; they won the bridge with * "Pennonceaux"-the pensels, as lord Berners calls them, or flags attached to the great slaughter, and entered the town with them. They took pos — lnce nras knight; they were in the form of a swallow's tail, and when the points were cut off, as in the case of sir John Chandos, the flag became a bannre, and its master a * D. Sauvage will have it Navarretta; but I thinil' it must be Nsjarra, for they would eaer, with lknights as well as squires under his particular guidance. —E. never run away toward Navarretta, but on thle contrary toward their own homes. Ths I "Gomez Garilz." Gomez Carillo di Quintano. —DnLL0oN'S Peter the Cruel. battle was fought between Najarra and Navarretta. A river runs by Najarra. none byp';' t Guisarme —" a kind of ('oftensive) long-handled and long-headed weapon; or las Navarretta. The Ebro is not far distant;.but, if they had crossed that river, there wouli, the Spanish visarma) a staff that hath within it two long spikes, which, with a shoot or have been mention made of Logronno: and besides, they would then have been in as; ghxust forward, came f5rth —CoToRava's Dictiona-ry. enemylrs country. 168 CHRONICLES 01O ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. session of a strong house, which was well built with worked stone: Pedrb, who could refuse him nothing, assented, saying: My hri,' but this was soon gained, the knights taken, many of the people and fair cousin, whatever I have is yours." Upon which mte prince killed, and the whole town pillaged. The English and GasCons replied: "Sir king, I entreat and beg of you to pardon all the ill gained considerable riches: they went to the lodgings of king Henry which your rebellious subjects have done against you. You will do and the other Spanishl lords, where the first comers found quantities an act of kindness and generosity, and will by this means remainll in of plate and jewels; for king Henry and his army had come thither peace in your kingdom. But I except firom this amnesty Gomez Ga. with much splendor, and after the defeat had not leisure to return to rilz; for I am willing you should do with him as best pleases you." place in security what they had left behind them in the morning. The king don Pedro granted this favor, though much against his The defeat was very complete and dreadful, especially upon the inclination: he dared not refuse it, feeling himself under so many banks of this river, where numbers were slain. Some said, as I have obligations: he therefore answered, " Fair cousin, I will grant your heard from those who were there, that the river below Najarra was request." All the Spanish prisoners who were in the army of the tinged with the blood of men and horses there killed. This battle prince were then sent for, and he gave them up to the king don was fought between Najarra and Navarretta, in Spain, on Saturday Pedro, their lord. The king kissed the earl don Sancho, his brother, the third day of April, in the year of our Lord 1367. and forgave him all his misdeeds toward him, as well as all the others, on condition that they would swear fealty, homage, and service, and would become his vassals, and acknowledge him for theit CHAPTER CCXLII. lord. This courtesy and much more did the prince to don Pedro, who ALL. CASTILLE, AFTER THE BATTLE OF NAVARRETTA, ACKNOWLErDGES DON but very little remembered them, as you will see in the continuation EDRO. HE FROTRACTS THE STAY OF THE RINCE OF WALES AT VALrLA- of this history. He made very liberal presents to the barons ol DOLID, WHILE HE SEEKIS FOR MONEYI TO PAY TH-E ARMY. DOD, WHILE HE SEEKS FOR MONEY TO AY THE ARMY. Spain who had been his prisoners. If the king could have had them AFTER this defeat at the battle of Navarretta, which was comrn- given up to him, in his rage he would infallibly have put them all pleted before noon, the prince of Wales ordered his banner to be to death. Gomez Garilz was delivered up to him; for whom he fixed in a bush, on a small eminence, as a rallying-point for his men, would not hear of any ransom, so much did he hate him, but had on their return from the pursuit of the enemy. The duke of Lan- him beheaded before his eyes, on the outside of the tent. After this, caster, sir John Chandos, the lord de Clisson, the captal de Buch, the don Pedro mounted on horseback, attended by his brother don Sanearl of Armagnac, the lord d'Albret and the other barons came cho, and all those who were again become his subjects, with the two thither; their banners were displayed to assemble their men, who marshals of the prince, sir Guiscard d'Angle and sir Stephen Cosformed themselves under them as they returned. The lord James, sington, and upward of five hundred men-at-arms; they set out from king of Majorca, was there, with his banner before him: his men the army of the prince, and rode toward Burgos, where they arrived collected themselves. A little higher was don Martin de la Carra, on the Monday morning. with the banner of his lord, the king of Navarre. In similar order The inhabitants of Burgos, who had been informed of the defeat were all the other earls and barons drawn up; so that it was a beau- of king Henry, had neither the will nor inclination to shut them. tiful sight to look at and contemplate. selves up in the town, to hold out against their prince. The richest The king, don Pedro, came thither in a great heat from. the pur- and principal persons of the city went out of the gates, to present suit, mounted upon a black courser, with his banner, emblazoned the keys to don Pedro, whom, after acknowledging for their lord, with the arms of Castille, borne before him: he dismounted as soon they conducted with all his company, in great pomp and solemnity, as he perceived the banner of the prince, and advanced toward it. into the city of Burgos. When the prince saw him coming, he hastened, out of respect, to The prince remained all Sunday in his newly-acquired quarters. meet him. Don Pedro would have cast himself on his knees, to On Monday, after vespers, he and his army decamped, and marched returri thanks to the prince, but he would not suffer it, and took him to Villorado, where he halted until the Wednesday following, when by the hand; upon which don Pedro said: "Dear and fair cousin, I he marched to Burgos. The prince entered the town in great parade. owe you many thanks and praises for the event of this day, which I With him were the duke of Lancaster, the earl of Armagnac, and have gained through your means." The prince replied: "Sir, render others of the principal lords. The army encamped in the plains withyour thanks to God; for to him alone belongs the praise: the victory out the town, in which there was not room to quarter them comfort. comes from him, and not from me." ably. The prince visited his army every day during its encampment The lords of the council'f the prince were now assembled, and on the plain; for his tent was there pitched, and he gave judgment conversed on different matters. The prince remained there so long concerning arms and all things thereunto belonging; he there kept that all his men were returned from the pursuit, when he ordered the field and wager of battle; so that one may truly say, all Spain four knights, with as many heralds, to search the field of battle, and was for some days under his command. see what men of rank had been killed; and also to know of a truth The prince of Wales and the king don Pedro celebrated the feswhat was become of king Henry called the Bastard, if he were among tival of Easter in the city of Burgos, where they tarried upward of the dead or not, for at that time they knew nothing certain about three weeks. On Easter-day, the deputies from Asturias, Leon, him. After having given these orders, the prince and his barons Cordova, Seville, and from all the other towns and provinces de-o. descended toward the quarters of king Henry and the Spaniards. pendent on the crown of Castille, came to Burgos to do homage to The army, according to orders, spread itself abroad among the tents don Pedro. That loyal knight of Castile, don Ferdinand de Castro, of the enemy, where they found plenty of every sort of provision, came also thither to pay his respects, whom they handsomely enter. from the want of which they had so lately suffered. They made tained, and were happy in seeing. themselves very comfortable, and supped with great joy. After sup- When the king don Pedro had resided in Burgos rather more than per, the knights and heralds who had been sent to examine the field the time I have mentioned, and had learnt from exact information of battle, returned, and reported, from the account they had taken, that the rebellion was at an end, all having returned to their allegi. that only five hundred and sixty men-at-arms lay dead; that they had ance, the prince of Wales, in order to satisfy his army, and to act not found the body of king Henry, which was displeasing informa. conformably to what was becoming him, said to the king: "Si) tion to don Pedro. Among the dead, they had only found four king, you are now, thanks to God, king and lord over your country: knights of their party; two of whom were Gascons, one a German, all rebellion and opposition to you are at an end: we therefore remain and the other an Enoglishman. But of the commonalty they said here at such very great expense, that I must desire you will provide there were about seven thousand five hundred dead, without counting yourself with money sufficient to pay those who have replaced you those drowned, the numbers of whom they were ignorant of; and in your kingdom, and that you now fulfil all the articles of the tresof their own party about forty common men. ties which you have sworn and sealed to perform. We shall feel They reposed themselves this Saturday night at their ease; they ourselves obliged by your so doing, and as speedily as it mna; be were well enabled to do so, firom the great plenty of provision and possible, which may be the more profitable to you; for you know wine they had met with. They remained there the whole of the en. that men-at-arms will live, and, if they be not paid, will help them. suing day, which was Palmn-Sunday, to refresh themselves. selves." The king don Pedro replied as follows: "Sir cousin, we On that morning, about six o'clock, when the prince was risen will punctually perform, as far as shall be in our loyal power, what. and dressed, he came forth from his tent, and the duke of Lancaster, ever we have promised and sworn to: but at this moment we have the earl of Armagnac, the lord d'Albret, sir John Chandos, the captal no money: we will therefore set out for Seville and its environs, and,de Buch, the lord de Pornmiers, sir Guiscard d'Angle, the king of will there collect a sufficiency to satisfy every one. If yot will Majorca, with a great number of knights and squires, advanced to march to Valladolid, which is a fertile country, we will return to,pay their respects to him. Soon afterwards, the king don Pedro you, as soon as it shall be in our power, but at the latestby Whit.,came thither, to whom the prince paid every respect and honor. suntide." *Don Pedro, having saluted him, said: "Dear lord and fair cousin, This answer was agreeable to the prince and his council. The:I entreat and beseech you, as a mark of your friendship, that you king don Pedro left the prince abruptly, and went to Seville with will have the kindness to deliver up to me the traitors to my country, the intention of procuring money. The prince marched to Valladoespecially my brother Sancho the bastard, and the others, that I may lid, where he fixed his quarters. The army was spread over the.cut off their heads; for they have done me much injury." country about that town, in order to find provision for themselves T'he lprince of Wales, after having considered for a moment the and horses; they continued there with little profit to the peasants, for request which don Pedro had just made him, answered: "Sir king, the companies could not refrain firom pillaging. ~I have also a request to make you; and I beg of you, in the name of News was immediately carried through France, England, Geror friendship and connection, that you wili not deny it to me." Don many, and other countries, that the prince of Wales had defeated CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c 169 king Henry (who was himself either taken, drovwned, or slain,) with of the prince,) commandirrg him as he was a resident in his kingdom, upward of a hundred thousand men, in a regular battle. The not to wage war on tht principality of his dear nephew the prince prince was therefore the more honored and renowned for it wherever of Wales and of Aquitaine. To give greater weight to these orders, true knighthood and deeds of enterprise were esteemed, particularly and as an example for his subjects not to form any alliance with the in the empire of Germany and in England. The Germans, Flemings, bastard Henry, he sent the young earl of Auxerre to prison in the and English declared the prince of Wales was the mirror of knight. castle of the Louvre in Paris, because he had entered into treaties hood, and that such a prince was worthy of governing the whole with king Henry, and as it was said, was to join him with a large world, who, by personal prowess, had gained three glorious victories: body of men-at-arms: the king of France made him give up this thile first at Crecy in Ponthieu, the second at Poitiers ten years after- expedition, and dissolve the connection. wards, and the third in Spain at Najarra. The citizens of London King Henry paid obedience to the orders of the king of France, made solemn shows, triumphs, and feasts, for this victory; such as as it was natural he should: but for all this he did not think the less were formerly done in honor of their kings, who had taken a town of his attempt. He departed from the castle of Roquemaure, with or defeated their enemies. about four hundred Bretons, having for his allies the following knights But in France, there was much lamentation for the knights of that and squires: sir Arnold de Limousin, sir Geofify Ricons, sir Pons kingdom, who had been either slain or made prisoners; more espe- de Laconet, Silvester Budes, Allot de Calais,* and Alain de St. Pol. cially for sir Bertrand du Guescliu, sir Arnold d'Andreghen, and These men-at-arms, Bretons as well as others, advanced into the several others, who, however, were courteously treated, and some territories of the prince, and galloping boldly through the mountains, immediately set at liberty on their ransorrl. Sir Bertrand had not entered the principality by Bigorre, and took by escalade a town his freedom so soon; for sir John Chandos, whose prisoner he was, called Bagnieres.t They repaired and fortified it very strongly; being unwilling to consent to it, sir Bertrand was not over-pressing whence they made irruptions on the territories of the prince, to on the subject, which they did much mischief. But the princess sent after them We will now speak a little of king Henry, what became of him sir James Audley, who had remained as governor in Aquitaine, to after his flight from the battle, and then return to the prince of Wales guard the country. Notwithstanding this, king Henry and the and king don Pedro of Castille. Bretons did a great deal of damage; for his army was continually increasing. We will now return to the prince of Wales and his army, who C H A P T E R C CXLIII. had been encamped at Valladolid and its environs waiting for the KING HENRY OF CASTILLE HAVING ESCAPED FROM THE BATTLE OF NAJAR- return of don Pedro. RA, ItAKRES WAR UPON AQUITAINE. THE FRINCE OF WALES LEAVES The prince had continued at Valladolid until after the feast of St. SPAIN, DISCONTENTED WiTH THE KING DON PEDRO. John the Baptist, expecting don Pedro, who did not return, nor could he learn any certain tidings of him. He became very melancholy, KING HENRY, as has been before related, escaped the best way he counc could, and leaving his enemies behind him, conducted his wife and and assembled his council, that they might deliberate what was best to be done. The cou~ncit advised the prince to send two or three children as qucldly as he was able to the city of Valencia, where the t edn.Tecuclavsdte~lc!t edtoo he,children as quickly as he was able to the city of Valecia, where the knights to remonstrate with the king on his situation, and to demand king of Arragon resided, who was his godfather and friend: to him h reaow e i t ke o h e a th ad de C) relnted the ill success of the attle. the reason why he did not keep to the engagement he had made, he related the ill success of the battle. Upon considering the state Sir nor return the day-he had himself appointed. Sir N61e Loring, sir of his affairs, he determined to make a long journey, and visit te Richard Pontchardon, and sir Thomas Banister were ordered to duke of Anjou, who was then at Montpellier, to tell him of his misfortunes. make themselves ready to wait on don Pedro. These knights of fortunes. the prince set out immediately, and rode on until they came to the The king of Arragon approved of this plan, and consented to his Cv h eu u e r W e city of Seville, where don Pedro was, who, in outward appearance, leaving him, because the duke was an enemy to the prince of Wales, received them with great joy. who was his too near neighbor. King Henry then departed from eiv tm t ga jy who was his too near neighbor. King Henry thiden departed from The knights delivered their message punctually and literally, as the king of Arragon, leaving his wife and children in "the city of n c Psn h onyhps hu abn ic they had been ordered by the prince. The king don Pedro replied, Valencia. Pursuing his journey, he passed through Narbonne, which and by way of excusing himself, said: "It is, my lords, very disis the first city of the realm of France on that side; then through pen ay of excusing himself, said: "It is, my lords, very displeasing most certainly to us, that we have not been able to perBeziers, and that sountry, until he arrived at Montpellier, where he ps hat we ha ntene e form what we covenanted to do with our cousin the prince. We found the duke of Anjou, who loved him much and as cordially have remonstr ted ourselves, and made others do so with our sub have remonstrated ourselves, and made others do so with our subhated the English, though he was not at war with them. hated the English, though he was not at war with them. jects, frequently on this business; but our people excuse themselves, The duke, who had before heard of his ill fortune, received king and say they cannot collect any money as long as the free companies and say they cannot collect anly money as long as the fi'ee companies Henry in the handsomest manner and comforted him by every means remain in the country, for they have killed three or four of our treasin his power. He remained with him some time, and then set out for A-,ignon, to visit pope Urban V., who was about to depart for urers, who were carrying sums of money toward the prince our cousin. You will therefore tell him from us that we entreat he will Rome, which he shortly afterwards did. King Henry then returned have the goodness to send out of our kindom these wicked comhav~e the goodness to send out of our kingdom these wicked comto Montpellier, to the duke of Anjou, when some treaties were entered into between them. It was relatcd to me, by those who at panies, and that he will leave us some of his knights, to whom, in entredint bewee tem.It as elaed o e, y tosewhoat his name, we will pay such sums of money as he demands, and the time thought themselves well informed of what was going on whichs name, we ho ill pay such sumelves ound to pay he demands, and (an thre s eeryapparace romensingcirumsancs tialitwhich we hold ourselves obliged and bound to pay him.". (and there is every appearance from ensuing circumstances that it This was all the answer the knights could obtain. They took was true,) that king Henry bought or borrowed of the duke of Anjou, leave of don Pedro, and returned to the prince at Valladolid; to a castle near Toulouse, upon the borders of the principality; which whom and to his council, they related all they had seen or heard. castle was called Roquemaure.* He there assemrbled some of the castle was clled Roquemaure.* He there assembled some of the This answer made the prince more melancholy than before, because kree companies, such as Bretons and others, who had not f.~llowed free companies, such as Bretons and others, who had not fllowed he clearly found that, though the king don Pedro entered into agreethe prince into Spain: they amounted, at this commencement, to three hundred. meats, he put off the fulfilling of them. three hundred. ews was immediately dispatched to the priness of Wales, ho During the stay the prince made at Valladolid, which was upward News was immediately dispatched to the princess of Wales, who of four of the hottest months, the king of Mlajorca was confined to had remained at Bordeaux, that king Henry was seeking for assist- four of the hottest months, the ing of Majorca was confined to hsbed, throg ikes twihtepic n h te od ance, and making preparations on all sides, to wage war upon the his bed, through sickness; at which the prince and the other lords were very much concerned. At this place sir Arnold d'Andreghen, principality and the duchy of Guienne. She was much astonished were vry much concerned. At tis place sir Ald d'Andreghen, on hearing it; but, since he was upon the territories belonging tand le bbgue do Villaines, with several knights of France and Britthe crown of France, she sent special embassadors to the king of tany, who had been made prisoners, were ransomed, or exchanged, the crown of France, tshe sent special embassadors to the king 0k for sir Thomas Felton, sir Richard Causton, sir Hugh Hastings, and France, to entreat he would not suffer the bastard of pain to mke others But sir Bertrand du Guesclin remained still in the power of war upon her, nor to have any support from France to carry such designs into effect, for too serious evils would arise from it. the prince, for he was not ransomed so soon. The English and dein noefet 3 osttn viswudais rmi.council of the prince thought, that if he obtained his liberty, he would The king of France immediately assented to the request of the The king of Fance immediately assented to the request of the immediately join the bastard Henry, and carry on the war with fresh princess: he sent messengers in haste to the bastard Henry (who still reained ithe cstle of R eaure ea to Mntauan, awho vigor. The prince heard that Henry had entered Bigorre, had taken remained in the castle of Roquemaure, near to Montauban, and who had almeady begun to makie war upon Aquitaine nnd the territories Bagnieres, and was wasting his principality: on which account he had already begun to make wax upon Aquitaine and the territories was not in any haste to grant sir Bertrand his liberty. When the prince of Wales had considered the answer of don * "Roquemaure." From all the searches 1 have made, Froissart seems to havebeen Pedro, he was more disturbed than ever, and ordered his council to aiisinfmrrned as to the castle king Henry retired to from Montpellier. "Ilerry and thIe duke of Aijou went together to Avignon. On their return, they en- give him their opinions on it. i people, who were anxious to retred into a treaty, as well against don Pedro as thIe English: but this was kept secret. turn, (for the air and heat of Spain had been very hurtful to their Henry then retired to his comeg de Cessenon, in the diocese of St. Pens and of Beziers. health; even the prince himself was unwell, and in low spirits;) reBeing distrtssed for money, he sold tlsis county, with the ca'stles of Cessenon, of Servian, commended a retreat, and declared that don Pedro had shasefully Tl-esrn, &c., to the king of Frasnce, for.the sara of 27,000 gold firancs. flenry gave a receipt fn' this sum, 27th July, and then went with his family to reside at the castte of and dishonorably f a iled in his engagements. Pierre Pertuse, where he had rested on coming from Spain " —Hist. dc Lnngsedoc. Orders were immediately given for the return of the army. When Tirs carstle of Pierre Pertuse I believe to be the castle which Froissart calls Roatus- they were on the eve of their departure, the prince sent sir Hugh masure. It wyas demolished Iry Louis XtV. after the peace of Nirneguen, who built the Courtenay and sir John Chandos to inform the king of Majorca of the castle of Bellegarrde on its ruins. tt is a very strong situation, commanding the Col de Pertns. Roassilha at that time was attached to the crown of Arragon. reasons why he was about to quit Spain; and that he should be very There is a town called Roquemaure in Upper Languedoc, near to and in the diocese — ____ of Montaubnri, so that Froissart may be right, notwithstanding what the historian of * Barres calls him Eliot du Carhais. Lanuedot. says, which I have just quoted. t "Bacnieres" —,x town of Bigorre. diocese of Tarbe,. 170 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. much concerned to leave him behind, in case he wished to return. C H A P r E R C C XL IV. The king of Majorca replied to the knights: "I give my lord the prince. our brother soldier, my best thanks; but for the present I AFTER THE RETURN OF THE PRINCE TO AQUITAINE, HENRY EING OS cannot ride, nor, until God please, can I raise my foot to the stirrup." CASTILLE LEAVES BAGNIERES IN BIGORRE, ANU RETIRES TO THE RING. The knights answered, by inquiring if he wished the prince should DOM OF ARRAGON. SIR BERTRAND DU GUESCLIN OBTAINS HIS RAN. leave behind some men-at-arms, as a guard for him, and to conduct SOM. THE FREE COMPANIES OF THE PRINCE ENTER THE KINGOMO him when he should be in a situation to mount on horseback? The OF FRANCE. SOME OF THE GREAT BARONS OF AQUITAINE COMPLAIN king said, "By no means, for it is uncertain how long I may be TO KING CHARLES OF FRANCE OF A CERTAIN TAX, CALLED FOUAGE, forced to remain here " WHICH THE PRINCE WAS ABOUT TO LAY ON THEIR LANDS, Upon this, the knights took leave of the king, and returned to the As soon as king Henry, who had remained in the garrison of Bagprince; to whom they related what had passed, with the answers of niers for a considerable time, heard of the prince's return from Spain the king of Majorca. He replied, "Be it so, then." The prince into the principality, he set out, accompanied by all his men-at-ecrus, and his whole army now began their march toward a good city called Madrigay,* where he stayed a short time. = _ He then advanced to a valley called de Foirie,t upon the borders of Spain, Arragon, and Navarre, where he and his army remained upward of a month: for some of the passes on the borders ~ of Arragon were shut against.... him; and it was reported in - the army, that the king of Navarre (who had lately original- _______ come out of prison) had com- promised his quarrel with the bastard of Spain and the king of Arragon, and had engaged to cut off the retreat of the / prince through his dominions. However, as it appeared after — wards, there was no truth in this report: nevertheless, it was suspected, because he "'! _ was in his kingdom, and had not waited on the prince. While the prince remained in this situation, he sent negotiators to an appointed place pi nrot between Spain and Arragon, o where they met others from the king of Arragon, with whorm they had long confer- SCENERY OF THE PYRENEES, on the Spanish side. From an original Sketch. ences for several days: at last, it was finally agreed, that the king of Arragon should open his country for the peaceable Bretons and companions, toward the king of Arragon, who had return of the prince and his army: through which they were to pass, much affection for him, and who received hhn with great joy. He without doing any violence or molestation, and paying courteously passed there the whole winter: when new treaties were entered for whatever they should want. into between them, to carry on the war against don Pedro. The The king of Navarre, when he found that a treaty had been en- Bretons, who were his adherents, had already made incursions into tered into with the king of Arragon, came to meet the prince, at- Spain, in the name of king Henry: they were commanded by sit tended by don Martin de la Carra. He paid him every respect and Arnold de Limousin, sir Geoffry Ricons and sir Pens de Lakonet. honor, handsomely offering a passage through his dominions, for We will now relate how sir Bertranrid du Guesclin obtained his nimself, his brother, the duke of Lancaster, as well as for several liberty. After the prince was returned to Aquitaine, his brother the barons and knights of England and of Gascony; but he was anxious duke of Lancaster to England, and all the other barons to their dif. that the free companies should take any other road than through ferent homes, sir Bertrand du Guesclin remained prisoner to the Navarre. prince and to sir John Chandos; for he could not by any means obThe prince and the lords, who knew' that their march would be ain his ransom; which was highly displeasing to king Henry, but much shortened by going through Navarre, were not willing to re- he could not remedy it. nounce such a favor: they therefore greatly thanked the king for his Now it happened (as I have been informed) that one day, when offer: and the prince managed him so well that he obtained the same the prince was in great good humor, he called sir Bertrand du Gues. permission for the companies as for the rest of his army, assuring clin, and asked him how he was. "My lord," replied sir Bertrand, the king, upon his word and oath, that they should pass so peaceably, "I was never better: I cannot otherwise but be well, for I am. and pay so well for what they might want, that he would be satisfied though in prison, the most honored knight in the world." "How with them. Theprncet r, ad hs m s q e te * F ouage; "a yearly tax levied in old time, by supreme lords, upon every casmney or The prtince, therefore, and his men-at-arms, quitted the kingdombo efeptti lenini times' hihtasou lexte din ofCastlle, ton thei n, m was qdet f satis they cd house fire kept withsin their dominions. In Charles V's time, it was four tlivres tournaois of Castfile, on their return, marching as quietly as they could through Since that time, in most places the talles have been introduced in lieu thereof. ThI Navarre. The prince was attended by the king of Navarre and don tailles were originally only allowed in four cases; nouvelle chevalerie, marriage des Martin de la Carra, as far as Roncevaux; whence he continued his filles, voyage d'outre-mer. et captivit. Charles VII. made themordinary. All gentle mained there four days, to repose and recruit himself. When he "The taille was levied on goods, moveable and immoveable. It amounted to the approached Bordeaux, he was received with great solemnity; the tenth part of the revenues. A false declaration occasioned the confiscation of the overprincess of Wales came out to meet him, accompanied with her plhs.-(ieaurnanoir, caap. cL.) When the kings imposed the taille on the subjects of eldest son, Edward, who was then about three years old. their domain, those barons who were bound to serve them in their wars lail it on their tvassals. According to a regulation ol St. Louis, the parishes elected thirty or forty He there disbanded his army; the men-at-arms departed differen men, who from among themselves chose twelve that were appointed to apportion this ways: the lords, barons, and knights of Gascony, to their castles; tax: and they swore on the Gospels, neither to ftvor nor injure any one through lcve or the klights of England to their governments, or high stewardships; hatred. These twelve men elected in their turn four who were appointed to raise this and the fore copayment. aThey pritrnce, whoained in thought h rimself mu " The aide was a tax wlhich the principal barons levied in money from their vassals,.ty waiting for payment. The prince, who thought himself much There were two sorts of aides,'l'aide 1Igitime,' which was rigorously exacted in cerobliged to them, was desirous of satisfying them as far as was in his tain instances, such as the ransom of the lord, tfne marriage of the eldest daughter, the power, and as soon as money could be raised. He said, that " al- knighthood of the son, the accession of the presumptive heir to time estate. From this oaide, the clergy were not exempted. The other was called "l'aide gracieux." It was thougfh donl Pedro had not k. ept his engagements, it was not becom- demanded as a gift in certain cases, and depended oon t he w ill of the inferior. It wwas ing him to act in like manner to those who had so well served him." granted when the lord went croisadingto Palestine —when he himself, or his brother, wan armed knight —when he married his sisteror younger children —when Ire built or repaired any castle —when he was at war for the defence of his lands. This voluntary tax was ~ "MAiiadrigay." Agreda —CoLMNS'S Hist. of the Bla~ck Pr1~ince. not long before it became a forced one." —Introduction to M. LEVESIUE's Hist. oi S "Foirie." Vale of Sona, between Arragon and Spain. —COLLINS. France u der the first five Valois, vol. i. rP. 125, &c. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c-. 17t so?" rejoined tile prince. "They say in France," answered sir and the lady Isabella de Bourbon, which was not very agreeable to Bertrand, "as well as in other countries, that you are so nmuch afraid the prince of Wales, who would have wished that he had chosen hiW of me, and have such a dread of my gaining my liberty, that you wife from another house. Hie spoke very coarsely and rudely both dare not set me free; and this is my reason for thinking myself so of him and his bride. The principal persons of his council, as well much valued and honored." The prince, on hearing these words, knights as squires, made excuses for him as well as they could, by thought sir Bertrand had spoken them with much good sense; for, saying, " Every one advances and aggrandizes himself in the best itruth, his council were unwilling he should have his liberty, until way he can; and a gallant knight ought never to be blamed, if he don Pedroi had paid to the prince and his army the money he had en- seek for honor and profit in the way most agreeable to himself, pro. gaged to do: he answered, "What, sir Bertrand, do you imagine vided he do not fail in his service to the lord whose vassal he is." that we keep you a prisoner for fear of your prowess? By St. By these, and such like words, was the prince answered, in hopes of George, it is not so; for my good sir, if you will pay one hundred appeasing'him: but nevertheless, in spite of appearances, he was thousand francs, you shall be free." Sir Bertrand was anxious for very far from being satisfied; for he was well aware that this mar his liberty, and now having heard upon what terms he could obtain riage would cause an estrangement of affection from him and from it, taking the prince at his word, replied, " My lord, through God's his party, as in truth it happened, according to what will be hereafter will, I will never pay a less sum." The prince, when he heard this, more fully explained. began to repent of what he had done. It is said, that some of his During the time the companies were quartering themselves in council went farther, and told him; "My lord, you have acted very France, the prince of Wales was advised by some of his council to wrong, in thus granting him so easily his ransom." They wanted to lay a tax on the lands of Aquitaine; the bishop of Rhodez in Rouer. break through the agreement; but the prince, who was a good and gue, in particular, took great pains to persuade him to it. The eatab. loyal knight, replied, "Since we have granted it, we will keep to it, lishments of the prince and the princess were so grand, that no prince and not act any way contrary; for it would be a shame, and we in Christendom maintained greater magnificence. should be blamed by every one for not agreeing to his ransom, when The barons of Gascony, Poitou, Saintonge and Rouergue, who he has offered to pay so largely for it as one hundred thousand had the right of remonstrating, as well as those from the principal francs." towns in Aquitaine, were summoned to a council on this tax. This From the time of this conversation, sir Bertrand was taking great parliament was held at Niort; when the bishop of Rhodez, chancellor pains to seek the money, and was so active, that by the assistance of Aquitaine, in the presence of the prince, explained fully the nature of the king of France and the duke of Anjou, who loved him well, of this tax, in what manner it was to be levied, and, that the prince he paid in less than a month the hundred thousand francs, and went had not any intentions to continue it longer than for five years, or to the aid of the duke of Anjou, with two thousand combatants, in until he should have satisfied the large debt which had been caused Provence, where the duke was laying siege to Tarascon, which held by the Spanish expedition. The deputies from Poitou, Saintonge, out for the queen of Naples. Limousin, Rouergue and La Rochelle, were agreeable to this impo At this period, a treaty of marriage was entered into between sition, provided the prince would keep his coin to the same standard the lord Lionel, duke of Clarence and earl of Ulster, with the daugh- for seven years: but it was refused by those from the upper parts of ter of the lord Galeas, sovereign of Milan. This young lady was Gascony, namely, the earl of Armagnac, the lord d'Albret, his nephew, niece to the earl of Savoy, being daughter of the lady Blanche, his the earl of Comminges, the viscount of Carmain, the lord de la Barde, sister. The treaty was so well conducted on both sides that it was' the lord de Cande, the lord de Pincornet, and several great barons agreed upon. The duke ot Clarence came from England, attended from the counties, cities and good towns under their jurisdiction, sayby a great number of English knights and squires to France, where ing, that "in former times, when they were under the vassalage of he was received by the king, the duke of Burgundy, the duke of the king of France, they were not oppressed by any tax, subsidy, or Bourbon, the lord de Courcy, and magnificently feasted at Paris. imposition or gabelle, and that they never would submit to any such He passed through France, and entered Savoy, where the gallant oppression so long as they could defend themselves: that their lands earl received him most honorably, at Chamberry: he was hand- and lordships were free from all duties, and that the prince had'sworn somely entertained there, during three days, by the ladies, both to maintain them in this state. Nevertheless, in order to leave the young and old. On the fourth day, he departed. The earl of Savoy parliament of the prince in an amicable manner, they declared, they conducted him to Milan, where he espoused his niece, the daughter would, when returned to their own country, consider this business of the lord Galeas, on the Monday after Trinity, in the year 1368. smore fully: and that they would consult several prelates, bishops, We will now return to the affairs of France. abbots, barons and knights, to whom it oeonged to speak more deYou have before heard of the expedition which the prince of liberately on this demand than had hitherto been done." The prince Wales made into Spain; how he had left it, discontented with the of Wales and his council not being able to gain more at this time, conduct of don Pedro, and was returned to Aquitaine. When he the parliament broke up at Niort, and each person returned to his arrived at Bordeaux, hie was followed by all the men-at-arms; for own home; but they were commanded by the prirce to return again.hey were unwilling, to remain in Spain longer, because they could by a certain day, which had been fixed upon before they broke up. not obtain their pay from don Pedro, according to the engagements These lords and barons of Gascony being arrived in their own he had entered into with them. At the time of their return, the country, and having their opinions strengthened, were resolved prince had not been able to collect money sufficient for them as neither to return again to the parliament of the prince nor to suffer speedily as he could have wished; for it was wonderful to imagine this tax to be imposed upon their lands, even should they be obliged how much this expedition had impoverished and drained him: for to oppose force in preventing it. Thus this country began its rebel. which reason, those men kept their quarters in Aquitaine, and could lion against the prince. The lords of Armagnac, d'Albret, de Corn. not be prevented from doing mischief, as they were upward of six minges, the earl of Perigord, and several great prelates, barons, thousand fighting men. The prince had them spoken to, and en- knights and squires of Gascony, went to France, to lay their corn.mtreated that they would change their quarters, and seek elsewhere plaints before the court of the king of France (the king and his peers for a maintenance, for he could not longer support them. being present) of the wrongs the prince was about to do them. They The captains of these companies (who were all English or Gas- said, they were under the jurisdiction of the king of France, and that cons; namely, sir Robert Briquet., John Tresnelle, sir Robert Che. they were bound to return to him as to.their sovereign lord. - ney, sir Gail'ard Viguier, la bourg de Breteuil, le bourg Camus, le The king of France, who was desirous not openly to infringe the bourg de l'Esparre, Nandon de Bagerant, Bernard de la Salle,Ortigo, peace between the king of England and him, dissembled his joy a la Nuit, and several others) were not willing to anger the prince; these words, and replied in a guarded manner to the barons of Gas. they therefore quitted the principality as soon as possible, and en- cony, saying; "Certainly, my lords, we shall always be very anxious tered France, which they called their home, by crossing the river to preserve and even augment the jurisdiction of ourinheritance, and Loire. They halted in Champagne, in the archbishopric of Rheims, of the crown of France; but we have sworn, as our father had done, in the bishobrics of Noyons and Soissons, and their numbers were to several articles of the peace, all of which we do not now recollect; daily increasing. They were so much blamed for their former we will have them looked into and examined, and all that shall be in deeds by the French, which greatly irritated them, that they would them to our and to your advantage we will aid you to preserve. We willingly, as it appeared, have fought with all France, if they had will endeavor to make up your differences with our dear nephew the been listened to: and to put this to the hazard, Ithey made incur- prince of Wales; for perhaps it kas been through evil advisers that sions through the kingdom of France, where they did so much dam- he has wished to encroach upon you and your vassals' franchises." age and such wicked acts, as caused great tribulation. Complaints With this answer, which the king made to them off-hand, the Gaswere frequently made of them to the king of France and to his cons were mightily satisfied, and remained at Paris, near the king's council; but they could not remedy it, for they were afraid of risk- person, without wishing to return home. iug a battle, and some of those who had been made prisoners from The prince was not pleased at this conduct. He continued to per.thle Frensch garrisons said that the prince of Wales encouraged them severe, and to maklre his council persevere, in the affair of the hearth. unidernhand. Many in France were astonished at this conduct of the tax. Sir John Chandos, who was one of the principal of his council prince. At last, the king of France sent for the lord de Clisson, and and a valorous knight, was of a contrary opinion, and wanted the appointed him captain against these disorderly companies, because prince to desist: so that, when he saw he could not succeed, in order Sc was; a good and hardy knight, for which the king was very fond that he might not be accused, nor have any blame, he requested of him. leave of the prince to visit his estate of St. Sauveur le Vicomte, of At this time, a marriage was concluded between the lord d'Albret which he was jord, for he had not been there these three years. The * Sea itRuen 1? 13137, 1318, where the treaty is at leagth. aed the names of these prince granted him leave; and sir John Chandos set out from Poitos psho aecoyaspaied ties duke of Claneace to Mlilsan. to Coutantin, and remained in the town of St. Sauveur upward of 172 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. half a year. In the mean time, the prince proceeded with this tax, the time he tarried in the neighborhood of Seville, and on the borders which, if it had been properly managed, would have been worth of Portugal, where he was but little loved. Upon hearing these twelve hundred thousand francs, one paying with the other one franc tidings, he was in a violent rage against his brother and against the each fire. We will now return to king Henry, who had remained in Castillians, who had abandoned him, and declared with an oath, that the kingdom of Arragon, and relate how he conducted his affairs. he would avenge himself so severely upon them, they should be a warning to all others. He immediately issued his commands to all those from whom he expected help or service. He sent to sonie, CHAPTER CCXLV. however, who never came, but excused themselves to the best of' their ability: while others turned to king Henry, and paid to him rMF BASTARD HENRY OF CASTILLE, BY THIE ASSISTANCE OF THE KING OF their homage. When the king don Pedro found his people were AxRtAxoN AND sIR BERTRAND DU GUE-SCLIN, AGAIN MAKErS WARUO thIr h'omae hntekngdnPdofud i epew SARRAGON ANn siO ERTRAND DV GUN EcDIN, AGATIN MAKBES WAR UPON wavering, and failed to obey his summons, lie began to be alarmed: MIS BRIOTHER DON PEDRO. MAYING DEFEATED HIEM IN A BATTLE, SA IS he therefore applied to don Fernando de Castro for counsel, who had MNADE PRISONER, AND MURDERED. rHENRT REMEAINS RING OF SFAIN. never yet deserted him. He advised him to collect as large a force THE situation of the prince of Wales and the state of his affairs, as he could from all countries, as well in Granada as elsewhere, and were well known to the neighboring monarchs; particularly to the to hasten to meet his brother before he should have made any further king of Arragon and king Henry; for they took great pains to gain progress into the kingdom. information concerning them. They had been truly told how the Don Pedro did not hesitate following this advice, but sent to the barons of Gascony were gone to Paris, to wait on the king; and that king of Portugal, who was his cousin-german, from whom he had a all that country was beginning to rebel against the prince. This large body of men; and also to the kings of Granada, Beiiinarine, intelligence was not displeasing to either of the above-mentioned and Tramesames,* with whom he entered into alliances, and engaged Kings, especially king Henry, who looked forward to the conquest of to support them in their kingdoms, and not to make war against them Castille, which he had lost through the power of the prince of for the space of thirty years. These kings, on their part, sent him Wales. upward of twenty thousand Moors to assist him in his war. Don King Henry took leave of the king of Arragon, and set out firom Pedro used so much activity that he had assembled, as well Christians the city of Valencia, accompanied by the viscounts de Roquebertin* as Moors, forty thousand men, in the country round Seville. and de Rhodez. They had with them three thousand men-at-arms While these treaties and negotiations were going forward, and du. and six thousand infantry, including some Genoese, who served for ring the time of the siege of Toledo, sir Bertrand du Guesclin, with a subsidy. This body of men-at-arms advanced into Spain, to the his body of two thousand men, arrived in!the camp of king Henry, city of Burgos, which instantly opened its gates, and surrendered to where he was received with great joy, as was naturally to be ex. king Henry, receiving him as its lord. From thence they marched pected: the whole army was happy at his arrival. The king don to Valladolid; for king Henry had received information that the king Pedro, who, as I have already said, had assembled his whole force of Majorca had been left there, which gave him great joy. at Seville and in its environs, was desirous of giving his brother bat. When the inhabitants of Valladolid heard that those of Burgos had tle: he left Seville with his numerous army, in order to raise the surrendered and had acknowledged king Henry, they no longer siege of Toledo. There may be between these two places, Seville thought of making any resistance, or holding out against him, but and Toledo, seven days' march. surrendered also, and received king Henry as their lord, in the same Intelligence was brouglht to the army of king Henry, that don Pe. manner as fornierly. As soon as king Henry had entered the town, dro was approaching with forty thousand men, including those of he inquired where the king of Majorca was lodged, alnd when the every description. He called a council, to consider what was to be place was pointed out to him, he immediately, on his going thither, done, to which all the French and Arragonian knights were sumentered the h6tel and the room where hlie was confined by illness. moned; and in particular sir Bertrand du Guesclin, by whose opinion King Henry advanced toward him, and said: "King of Majorca, they wished to act. Sir Bertrand gave the following advice, which you have been our enemy, and have entered our kingdom of Castille was followed; namely, that king Henry should immediately collect with a large army; for which reasons we lay our hands on you, and as many of his army as he could spare from the siege, advance by make you our prisoner, or you are a dead man." The king of Ma- forced marches to meet don Pedro, and, in whatever situation he jorca, sensible of the difficulty of his situation, and that opposition should meet him, begin the battle; "For," added he, "we have heard would be of no avail, replied: " Sir, I am certainly dead, if you order that he is marching against us with a strong army, and he would be it so; but I am very willing to surrender myself as your prisonkr, and too powerful, were he to come regularly upon us: let us, therefore, to you alone. If you intend to place me in any other's hands, say be beforehand with him, without his knowing anything of our inten. so; for I had much rather die than fall into:the hands of my adver. tions; that we may surprise him and his army so unexpectedly as to sary the king of Arragonem' "By no means whatever," answered have the advantage, and, I doubt not, defeat him." This plan of sil king Henry, "wi4l I act so disloyally by you, for which. and with Bertrand was applauded and followed. Toward evening, king Henry godd reason I shculd be greatly blamed. You shall remain my pris- set out with a chosen band of men-at-arms, and left the command oner, for me to ransom or set at liberty according to my own will and of the siege to his brother don Tello. On his march, he had his pleasure."t Thus Aas the king of l- ajorca made prisoner, on his spies dispersed over the country, in order to bring him exact intellioath, by king Henry, who placed a numerous garrison in Valladolid, gence the moment they should see or hear of don Pedro and his army, for the more securely guarding it, and then advanced toward the city and what condition they were in. of Leon in Spain, which immediately opened its gates on hearing he The king don Pedro was ignorant of everything his brother was was marching that way. doing, even of his marching to meet him; so that he and his army Upon the surrender of the city of Leon to king Henry, the whole were advancing slowly, in a very disorderly manner. It fell out, province of Galicia did the same, and changed their party. The that upon the dawn of day king Henry and his army met don Pedlro principal barons and lords, who had lately done homage to the king and his force; for, the preceding night, he had sleptin a castle called don Pedro, came out to meet king Henry; for, notwithstanding their Montiel, where the lord of Montiel had received him with all possible ostward appearances of friendship to don Pedro during the presence honor and respect. He had left it very early in the morning, and of the prince of Wales, they could not love him, from the cruelties was continuing his march in the same disorderly manner, for he he had formerly exercised upon them, and from their doubts of what never expected to fight that day, when suddenly king Henry, his he might do in future; while king Henry had always treated them brother don Sancho, sir Bertrand du Guesclin, by whose orders they kindly: not only did he not oppress them, but promised to do them acted, le bbgue de Villaines, the lord de Roquebertin, the viscouni much good: all the country, therefore, returned to their allegiance de Rhodez,t and their companies, with banners flying and prepared to him. for action, came upon them: they might be six thousand fighting Sir Bertrand du Guesclin had not as yet arrived in Spain, but was men: they advanced in very close order, and at a full gallop, so that hastening to join king Henry with two thousand fighting men. He they fell heavily and with a good will upon the first they met, crying had left the duke of Anjou, who had put an end to the war in Pro- out, "Castille for king Henry!" and "Our Lady, for Guesclin!" vence, and broken up the siege of Tarascon by a capitulation with They overthrew and defeated all whom they first encountered, driving its inhabitants, the terms of which I do not know.f He had there- them before them. Many were slain and unhorsed; for none were fore set out for Spain, attended by several French knights and squires made prisoners, according to the orders of sir Bertrand du Guesclin who were desirous of signalizing their prowess, and had already the preceding day, on account of the great number of Jews and ipfi entered Arragon to join king Henry, who was laying siege to the dels who were in don Pedro's army. city of Toledo. When don Pedro, who was advancing with the largest division of News was brought to the king don Pedro of all these conquests; his army, received the news that his van had been defeated by his that the whole country was turning to his brother the Bastard, during brother the Bastard and the French, he was amazed where they could Ii- Rocaberti.-Faasmna-s-s Hut. ConEsp translated by d'tl lF come from: he perceived that he had been betrayed, and wasin' The lk'ing of Mejorca was afterwards ransomel bhr his wife, the too celebrated Joan'* Bellemarine-Tramesames. Probably Benmarin and Tremecen, kingdoms in Bar efNaples, whose third husband he was. for 28,0t0florins of'gold. —'ie de Du Guecscliir. bamF. " The tokie of Ason and Destinedr do Geeselin viiig crolssed the Rhele, laid siege Neither Mariana nor Fermras mamkes mention of any other king than Malhomet king to Tarasceen, whirls is opposite to Beaucaire, the 4th March, 1368. The real history ef efGranada, who joined don Pedro wits six thousand cavalry amd about thirty thoufaaj this siege is sunknow n to us; for we cannat place any reliance on the differest salliars men-Hint. Gee. do lEspagar, vol. v. p. 400. of the life, or rather romance of Bertrand du Goeschln, whio relate various circunmstances t- t. Dillon, in his history of'Peter the Cruel, says, "While Henry lay before Toledo, aboat it. Wrhat may~ be dlepeadei on is, that Sh~e rlukre of Ainjo, ising hiesieged enbhassedors arrived at his caamp firom Charles V. of France, who sent his chaalmberlan Tarascon by sea and landl, the inhabitants, who load an unslersmai ili hiho, Os- - nncisde Pereltem, viscount do Rhodez, and John de His, lord ofNehnris, to acquatuA hivered up the town, of which he maude himself master." —Iist. G end Lnsodso, sis, minis siam sr.ms deotarer eiween Hogland soil France, &c."-Vol. 01. p. 104 ret. iv. p. 336. This Johnl de oic g ay perhaps he tIme Geofly Ricon of Froissart. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 173 dalger of losing everything; for his men were very much dispersed; suffered a long pursuit: they therefore sold their lives dearly so that like a bold and valiant knight as he was, and of great resource Others also acted marvellously well. and enterprise, he halted upon the spot, and ordered his banner to Intelligence was brought to king Henry and to sir Bertrand, that be displayed in the wind to rally his men. He sent orders for the don Pedro had retreated to the castle of Montiel, where he had shut rear to advance with all speed, for that the engagement was begun. himself up; that the bbgue de Villaines and his men had pursued Upon this all men of courage hastened toward his banner, which was him to the castle, which had but one path to enter or come froli it fluttering in the wind. The battle now became more general and and that le bbgue had there placed himself and fixed his pennon hot: many of don Pedro's army were slain and unhorsed; for king King Henry and sir Bertrand were delighted with this news: they advanced toward that place fighting and slaying multitudes, killing them like beasts: they were quite fatigued withl this business of butchery. The pursuit lasted more than three long hours, and there were \.in\ t\he. \arleia aupward of fourteen thousand killed and wounded: very few est- caped; those who did.4 y"i sir Betrndwere from that part of:X~~~~~~~~~ i ~~the country, and ac/.__~ X. quainted with its strong places. This battle was fought under Montiel, and its environs, the 13th day of August, 1368. After the defeat of don Pedro and his army, Many~i te iking Henry and sir Bertrand encamped them. =/ liselves before, the castle of Montiel, where don __' ~~Pedro was; they surrounded it on all sides. had..ull.need. They_ h sa pp t n n, c s ee n ih sth for they said truly, that _arine _-t valintlywhat they had hitherto of.....thy -_m done would be of no effect, unless they took King Henry drew uphs poitohithe castle of Montiel aking- -go.... o......ir — lan-es;sothatthe — army of donPedwith don Pedro, who had shut himself up in it. They se n t the prin. BATTLE or FMONTIEL. —A mixed and irregular combat of Ftench, Spaniards, Moors and Jews. Designed from various MS. authorities it. They sent the prin in the Harleian and Cottonian Libraries. ba t oe order back to Toledo, in order to reinforce the be. Henry, sir Bertrand, and their friends, fought them so manfully, that siegers, which was very agreeable to don Tello, who commanded none could stand before them. The battle, however, was not so there.* soon over: for don Pedro had such immense numbers, as to be at The castle of Montiel was of sufficient strength to have held out a least six to one: but they were so closely followed that it was won- considerable time, if' it had been properly victualled; but when don derful to see how they were discomfited and slain. Pedro entered it, there was not enough for four days, which much This battle of Spaniards against Spaniards, and the two brother alarmed him and his companions. They were so strictly watched kings, with their allies, near Montiel, was very grand and horrible. that a bird could not escape from the castle without being noticed. Many were the good knights on king Henry's side; such as sir Don Pedro was in great anguish of heart at seeing himself thus suo Bertrand du Gueselin, sir Geoffry Ricon, sir Arnold de Limousin, rounded by his enemies, well knowing that they would not enter into sir Gauvain de Bai!leul, le bhgue de Villaines, Alain de St. Pol, any treaty of peace or agreement with him; so that considering his Allot de Calais, and the Bretons who were there. From the king- dangerous situation, and the great want of provision in the castle, dom of Arragon were the viscount de Rocaberti, the viscount de he was advised to attempt an escape with his eleven companions Rodais, with many other good knights and squires whom I cannot about midnight, and to put himself under the protection of God: he name, who performed various gallant deeds of arms, as in truth they was offered guides that would conduct him to a place of safety. had full need. They had strange people to encounter, such as They remained in the castle, with this determination, until mid Moors. and Portuguese: the Jews who were there very soon turned night, when don Pedro, accompanied by don Fernando de Castro their backs, and would not fight; but those from Grenada and Belle- and others of the eleven companions, set out. It was very dark. marine fought valiantly: they were armed with bows and lances, At this hour the bigue de Villaines had the command of the watch, of which they made good use, and behaved themselves right well. with upward of three hundred men. Don Pedro had quitted the Don Pedro was in the midst, and with intrepid courage fought so castle with his companions, and was descending by an upper path, valiantly with his battle-axe that scarcely any dared to come near but so quietly that it did not appear as if any one was moving: him. however, the bhgue de Villaines, who had many suspicions, and was King Henry drew up his division opposite to his brother, in very afraid of losing the object of his watch, imagined he heard the sound compact order, and full of bold combatants, who shouted loudly, of horses' feet upon the causeway: he therefore said to those neat making good use of their lances; so that the army of don Pedro was him: "Gentlemen, keep quiet: make no movement: for I hear the thrown into confusion, and those near his person began to' be steps of some people. We must know who they are, and what they alarmed... Don Fernando de Castro, who had watched over the seek at such an hour. I suspect they are victuallers, who are bring. king his lord, soon perceived (so good was his judgment) that their ing provision to the castle; for I know it is in this respect very army would be beaten: for they were too much firightened from scantily provided." The bbgue then advanced, his dangger on his leaving been so suddenly attacked: he therefore said to don Pedro, wrist, toward a man who was close to don Pedro, and demanded, "Sir, save yourself, and hasten back to the castle of Montiel, which "Who art thou? Speak, or thou art a dead man." The man to youleft this niarning: if you retire thither, you will be in safety; whom the b. gse had spoken was an Englishman, and refused to but if you be taken, your enemies will slay you without mercy." answer: he bent himself over his saddle, and dashed forward. The The king approved of this advice, set out directly on his retreat to bhgue sufferced him to pass; when addressing himself to don Pedro,' the castle of Montiel, and arrived there so'-propos that he found and examining him earnestly, he fancied it was the king, notwith. the gates of the castle opesn, where he was received with only eleven standing the darkness of the night, from his likeness to king Honry followers. his, brother, for they very much resembled each other. lie dlemandled While this was passing, the remainder of his men, who were dis- from him, in placing his dagger on his breast, " And you, who are persed over the plain, continued the combat as well as they could; -* _. Dillon says, that _anrie, arhbishop el'Toledo, assisted by some able off. er.. or the Moors who were among thems, and h ad not any knowledge had the command elf the blockarie ofa S eville, whe t, asenist barch'ed eno meet dofc Pedr.f the coum'try, were indifferent whether they were directly slain or aad that don Te\\io had joinsel the king of Navarre m spoiling the kingdomsof Spain. 174 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &e. you? Name yourself, and surrender this moment, or you are a dead Guesclin was made constable of Spain, and received tile estate of man." In thus saying, he caught hold of his horse, and would not Soria, worth twenty thousand francs a-year. The king gave to his Buffer him to escape as the former had done. nephew, sir Olivier de Mauny, the estate of Crecte, worth ten thou. King don Pedro, who saw a large body of men-at-arms before him, sand francs a-year; and so on to the other knights with such libe. and found that he could not by any means escape, said to the b~gue rality that they were all contented. King Henry went to Burgos with de Villaines, whom he recognized: "B1gue, b~gue, I am don Pedro his queen and children, to hold his court there, which lie did in a king of Castille, to whom much wrong has been imputed, through princely style.* The kings of France and of Arragon, as well as cvil counsellors. I surrender myself, and all my people, but twelve the duke of Anjou, who lhved him personally, were very much re. in number, as thy prisoners: we place ourselves under thy guard joiced at the fortunate event of the war. and disposition. I beseech thee, in the name of thy gentility, that About this time died the lord Lionel of England, who had crossed thou put me in a place of safety. I will pay for my ransom what- the Alps, as has been before related, and had taken for his wife the ever sum thou shalt please to ask; for, thank God, I have yet a daughter of the lord Galeas Visconti, sovereign of Milan. But, as sufficiency to do that; but thou must prevent me from falling into his death appeared extraordinary,t the lord Edward Despenser, his the hands of the Bastard." The bogue (according to the information companion, who had remained with him, declared war against I have since received) replied, that he and his company might come Galeas, and slew many of his subjects at different times: at last, with him in all security; for that his brother should not from him however, the earl of Savoy made peace between them. Let us now have any intelligence of what had happened.* Upon this consider- return to what was going forward iln the duchy of Aquitaine. ation, they advanced, when don Pedro was conducted to the tent of the bbgue, and into the chamber of sir Lyon de Lakonet. He had not been there an hour, when king Henry and the viscount de Roca- CHAPTER CCXLVI. berti, with their attendants, but not in great numbers, came thither. As soon as king Henry had entered the chamber where don Pedro rING CHARLES V. IS nDVISED TO DECLARE HIMSELF LORD PARAMOUNT OF was, he said, "Where is this son of a Jewish whore who calls him- GUIENNE AND AQUITAINE, ON ACCOUNT OF THE HEARTH-TAX WHICH THE self king of Castille?" Don Pedro, who was a bold as well as a PRINCE OF VALES WVAS ABOUT TO RAISE. THIS CAUSES A ENEWAL 07 cruel man, stepped forward, and said: "Why thou art the son of a THE WAR BETWEEN THE FRENCH AND THE ENGLISH. whore, and I am the son of Alphonso." On saying this, he caught WE have before related how the prince had been advised to raise hold of king Henry in his arms, began to wrestle with him, and, a hearth-tax in his dominions: by which many tholught themselves being the strongest, threw him down under him upon une aubarde over burdened, especially the Gascons; for those of the low coonqu'oz dit en Franeois coeste demnaterats de soye:t placing his hand on tries of Poitou, Saintonge, and la Rochelle had acceded to it with his poniard, he would infallibly have killed him, if the viscount de tolerable good hunior, as living nearer the residence of their prince, Rocaberti had not been present, who seizing don Pedro by the legs, and as being more obedient and more tractably disposed to the or. turned him over, by which means king Henry being uppermost, im- dinances of their lords, more to be depended on, and firmer in their mediately drew a long poniard which he wore in his sash, and allegiance than those from the more distant parts of the country. plunged it into his body. His attendants entered the tent,- and In order to carry these intentions of the prince into effect, several helped to dispatch him. There were slain with him a knight from parliaments were held at Niort, Angouidme, Poitiers, Bordeaux, and England called sir Raoul Heline, who had formerly had the surname Bergcrac: but the Gascons declared they would never pay this tax, of the Green Squire, and another esquire of the name of James nor suffer it to be laid upon their lands, and asserted, that they had Roland, because they had put themselves in postures of defence.* an appeal to the courts of the king of France. This claim of appeal But no harm was done to don Fernando de Castro, nor to the rest of much angered the prince, who answered, tlhat they had no such ap. don Pedro's attendants: they continued, therefore, prisoners to le peal; for that the king of France had surrendered all right to appeals bigue de Villaines and to sir Lyon de Lakonet. Thus died don and jurisdictions, when he had given these territories to his lord and Pedro, king of Castille, who had formerly reigned in great prosper- father, as was fully apparent by the treaties of peace; for that the ity. Those who had slain him left him three days unburied, which negotiators of this peace had not reserved the slightest article'wherewas a pity for the sake of humanity; and the Spaniards made their by an appeal to the king of France could be made. To this the jokes upon him. Gascons replied,.that it was not lawful for the king of France, nor in On the morrow, the lord of Montiel came to surrender himself to his power, nor had ever been in his power, to free them from appeal. king Henry, who received him graciously, as well as all those who ing to him, without the will of the prelates, barons, cities, and prin. returned to their allegiance. News was soon spread abroad of the cipal towns of Gascony, who would never have consented to it, nor death of don Pedro, to the great joy of his enemies and sorrow of his ever will consent to it, if it were to be proposed, because it would be friends. When the king of Portugal heard in what manner his cousin the cause of a perpetual warfare with France. don Pedro had been slain, he was mightily vexed at it, and swore he Thus were the prince and the barons of Gascony quarrelling with would have satisfaction for it. He immediately sent a challenge to each other; for either party supported his own opinion, and main. king Henry, and made war upon him, remaining master of all the tained that it was the right. The earl of Armagnac, the earl of environs of Seville for one whole season. This, however, did not Comminges, the lord d'Albret, the earl of Perigord, and several other preventking Henry from following his enterprise: he returned before barons from Gascony, remained quiet at Paris, near the person of Toledo, which surrendered to him as soon as it learnt the death of the king, and at his leisure moments informed his majesty, that:the don Pedro; as did all the other parts of the country dependent on the crown of Castille. Even the king of Portugal did not wish to * King Henry assembled the states of the realm at Medina d'el Campo, to make arcontinue the war longer against king Henry; so that there was rangemeals for recompensingthe French and other knights. They paid Bertrand du treaty of peace concluded between them, by means of the barons and Gueselin one hundred and twenty thousand gold florins. The king also gave Soria, treaty of p eae co ncluded betweenr them, by meane of the barons and Almazan, Atienta, Mont6agudo, and Seron, with their dependencies, to sir Bertrand prelates of Spain. King Henry, therefore, reigned in peace over all to Olivier de Many, Agred: ibado, with the title of count, to the iguer de VilCastille. Sir Bertrand du Guesclin, sir Olivier de Mauny, and some lames, whom he married to a lady of the Guzman family: Aquilar de Campo to Geoffry others from France, Brittany, and Arragon, continued with him, to telor, and Villalpand to Arnold Solier."-FERREREA's Hist. d' Espagss, vol. v., p 414,415. whom king Henry behaved very handsomely: indeed, he was in 4445 whom ig Henry behaved very handsomely: indeed, he was in "Anno Domini 1367, et regni 42 Edwardi, Leonellus dux Clarentia obiit in natali S. justice bounl so to do, for without their aid he would never have Marin, ut fertur, potionatus."-LELANDI Collectanea, vol. i. p. 251. been able to have accomplished this business. Sir Bertrand du "Quo anno (1368,) mense Aprilis, Leonellus dux Clarenci'e, regis Edwardi tertii filins, cum electa multitudine nobilium Anglicorum transivit versus Mediolanuin. anaccipiendum in uxorem filiam domini Gallias, domini Mediolani, cum qua medietatem There are different accounts of this affair. Ferreras attributes the capture of don ejusdem dominii fuerat habiturus. Sed tamen modico tempore super conjuge vel domi Pedro to Bertrand du Gueseclin, and not much to his honor: but I cannot believe this, nio guadere permissus est, morte (qur cuncta disjungit & separat) mox prwventus. Ceas avarice was not a vice of such gallant men, and am inclined to believe Froissart has lebrato nempe inter eos cum maxima gloria matrimonio, Leonellus, circa festurn natibeen rightly informed. vitatis beatre Marin proximo sequentem diem clausit extremum." —Tii. WALsfre(i Not knowing how to translate this, I have left it as in the original. Du Cange, in HAM, Hist. dngli. Edw. IIt. pp. 132, 3. the last volume of Ihis Glossary, refers the word aubarde to abbarda, in the first volume "Moreover, at the coming of Leonell, such abundance of treasure was in the most of the Supplement, which is as follows: "sbbarda, Clitella-adde Provincialibus bounteous manner spent, in making of most sumptuous feast, setting forth stately bardo, nostris olim barde, equi armatura. Aubarde vero dixerunt, pro culcitra, vulgo sights, and honoring with rare gifts above two hundred Englishmen who accompanied eoite de matelas. Froissart," (quoting the expressions in tie text.) Albdrdacha. —Gall. his son-in-law, as it seemed to surpassthe greatness of the most wealthy princes: for Hallebarde. Vide supra Alabarda.-Du Cange. [ Une aibarde qu'os dit esF Oanfois the banquetat which Francis Petrarch was present among the chiefest guests, had about roeste de materats de soye, that is, "an aubarde, or, as it is called in French, a silken thirty courses of service at the table, and betwixt every course there were as many presrounterpane or quilt;" literally the silk covering of a mattress. Lord Berners trans- ents of wondrous price intermixed; all which John Galeasiis, chief of the choice lates it a bench, and probably he is not far wrong. According to the quotation from Du youth, bringing to the table, did offer to Leonell. There were in one only course seCange, the original meaning of the word was a war-saddle, which might not unnatu- venty goodly horses, adorned with silk and silver furniture; and in another silver vestally be applied to the camp-bed of a tent, which serves for a seat or a couch as occasion sels, fialcons, hounds. armor for horses, costly coats of mail breast-plates glistering of requires, and may thence be aptly likened to a soldier's saddle, which serves him for a massy steel, helmets and corseelets decked with costly crests, apparelled distinct withl costly pillow in a bivouac. As Froissart however confines the meaning to the covering of trie jewels, soldiers' girdles, and lastly, certain gems by curious art set in gold anid pusrple, couch, this conjecture may very possibly be wrong, but in that case the etymology still and cloth of gold for men's apparel in great abundance. And such was the suillptuescapes n ul-E n. -D ous. s of that banquet, that the meats which were brought fiom table would sufii"Wills this unfortunate monarch there also fell two gallant Englishmen, who were ciently have served ten thousand men. But not long after, Leonell, living with his new slain for having drawn their swords in his defence when grappling with Henry. These wife, while after the manner of his own country, as forgetting or not regarding his were sir Ralph Holmes and James Rowland. The life of Fernando de Castro was change of air, he addicted himself overmuch to untimely banquetings, spent anai conspared, on account of his long attachment and fidelity to his sovereign. sumed with a lingering sickness, died at Alba." "Don Fernando de Castro, after the death of King Peter, made his escape into Per- This account frorn Stowe, pp. 267, 268, edition 1631, seems very naturally to account tugal, and aftewvards retired to Guienne, where Ihe died. Over his tomb was placed the for the death of the dukre ofClarence, without supposing it caused sy treachery. following inscription: Aqur YAcE DON FERNANDO PEREZ BE CASTRO, TODA LA For a more particular account of this entertainment see Corio's History of Milau IIDEWLOAD Dr:SrPANA. —DILLON'S Hist. of Peter th, ~'uel, vol. ii. p, 119. printed at Milan, 1103. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 175 prince, through pride and presumption, was desirous of trampling kingdom; but both together shall unite and exert themselves in them under foot, and oppressing them with taxes upon their lands bringing back the aforesaid rebels to their proper obedience, and to Which had not been heard of before, and which they would never the fulfilling ftie aforesaid things. And also, if in the aforesaid permit to be levied. They demonstrated to the king, that they had kingdom, and under the obedience of the king of England, there an appeal to him, and demanded that the prince should be summoned should be any not willing to surrender and give up those castles, before the parliament and the peers, to answer for the grievances and towns, or fort:esses which they hold in the kingdom of France, nor oppressions he intended to lay on them. to obey the aforesaid treaty: or if, through any just cause, the king The king of France listened with complacency to these lords of of England shall be prevented from accomplishing what is laid down Gascony, when they requested from him help and assistance as from in the aforesaid treaty, neither the king of France, his heirs, nor ally their sovereign lord, adding, that should he refuse it to them, they one for them, shall make war upon the king of England, nor upon would withdraw their allegiance, and apply to some other court; so his kingdom; but both of them together will, with all their might, that, for fear of losing his claim to this sovereignty, he in the end endeavor to regain the aforesaid castles, towns, and fortresses, and complied with their request. He was, however, sensible that this to bring back such rebels to their proper obedience, so that the per affair must cause a war, which he was desirous not to begin without feet fulfilment of the aforesaid treaties may be wrought. And there some appearance of right: besides, his kingdom was not recovered shall be mutually given on both parts, according to the nature of the from the effects of the late war, nor firom the oppressions of the free act, every sort of security which may be devised, as well by the pope companies and other enemies. In addition also to these reasons, his and college of Rome as by others, for the maintaining the peace and brother the duke of Berry was still a hostage in England; so that he other articles of the treaty. For which reasons, wishing to preserve was determined to act with prudence and caution. and cherish a perpetual peace and love between us and our aforesaid About this time, sir Guy de Ligny, earl of St. Pol, had returned to brother and kingdom of France, we have renounced, and by these France from England, without permission of the English, by a very presents do renounce, all war and offensive acts against our brother'ngenious trick. As the full detail of it would take a considerable aforesaid, his heirs and successors, the kingdom of France, and his;ime, I pass it over. This earl hated the English more than words subjects. And we promise and swear, and have promised, and sworn;an express, and took much pains that the king of France should ac. upon the body of JEsus CHRIST, for ourselves and successors, that we;ede to the request of the Gascon lords; for he was well aware, that will not do, nor suffer to be done, any act or word against this renun if the prince of Wales were summoned to appear before the parlia- ciation, nor against anything contained in these aforesaid articles. And ment, it would create a war. Many prelates, barons, earls, and if we shoulddoor suffer to be done anything to the contrary, whichGod knights of France had united themselves with the earl of St. Pol, and forbid, we are willing to be reputed false, wicked and perjured, and had told the king, that the king of England had not in any way main- to incur such blame and infamy as a consecrated and crowned king iained the peace, nor paid any respect to what lie had sworn and ought to incur in similar cases. We renounce all idea of importun. sealed, according to the tenor of the treaties which had been made ing any dispensation or absolution from the pope from our oath aforeat Bretigny near Chartres, and afterwards confirmed at Calais; for said; and if obtained, we declare it to be null and of no weight, and the English had carried on the war with France in an underhand that no advantage whatever ought to be made of it. In order more manner, as much, if not more, since the peace had been made than fully to strengthen the aforesaid declarations, we submit ourselves,'before. They remonstrated with the king on the subject, adding, that our heirs and successors, to the jurisdiction and coercion of the church if he would have the articles and treaty of peace read, which had of Rome, and will and consent that our holy father the pope confirm been accepted by the king of England and his eldest son upon their all these things by ordering monitory and general mandates for the faith and oath, he would find the truth of what they had told him. accomplishment of them, against us, our heirs and successors, and Upon this, the king of France, to be better informed, and to pre- against our subjects, (whether commonalties, universities, colleges, serve the rights of the crown, ordered all the papers relative to the or private persons of whatever descriptions,) and by granting senlast peace, to be brought to the council-chamber, where they were tences of excommunication, suspension, or interdict, to be incurred read several times, that the different points and articles might be by us or by them, as soon as we or they shall attempt or do anything fully examined. They were very carefully inspected, and among contrary to these articles, by occupying towns, castles, fortresses, or them they found one relating to the territories given up, which the any other act, by giving comfort, aid, advice, or assistance, that may king and his council fixed on with greater attention, because it spoke in any way infringe upon the true meaning of this treaty. fully and clearly on the subject they were desirous to discuss. The "We have caused our very dear eldest son, Edward, prince of paper was in these terms: Wales, to swear to the aforesaid articles, in like manner as ourself; "Edward, by the grace of God, king of England, lord of Ireland and also our younger sons, Lionel earl of Ulster, John earl of Richand of Aquitaine, to all those to whom these present letters shall come, mend, and Edmund of Langley; and also our dear cousin Philip de greeting. Know all, that in the agreement and final peace entered into Navarre, the dukes of Lancaster and Brittany, the earls of Stamford between our very dear brother the king of France and ourselves, and Salisbury, the lord of Manny, the captal de Buch, the lord de there are two articles of the following tenor: Item, the aforesaid Montfort, lord James Audley, sir Roger Beauchamp, sir John Chankings shall be found to have all the before-mentioned things con- dos, lord Ralph Ferrers, lord Edward de Spenser, sir William and firmed by our holy father the pope; and they shall be strengthened sir Thomas Felton, sir Eustace d'Ambreticourt, sir Franque van by oaths, sentences, and censures of the court of Rome, and by every Halle, sir John Moubray, sir Bartholomew Burghersh, sir Henry other bond in the strongest manner possible: and there shall be Percy, and several other knights. And we will have the aforesaid nbtained from the aforesaid court of Rome dispensations, absolutions, articles in like manner sworn to, as soon as we well can, by our other tnd letters in regard to the perfecting and accomplishing this present children, and by the greater part of our prelates, churchmen, earls, treaty, which shall be forwarded to the different parties within three barons, and other nobles of our realm. In witness whereof, we have Neeks at the latest after the king shall be arrived at Calais. Item, in affixed our seal to these presents, given in our town of Calais, the )rder that the aforesaid things, which have been gone through and 24th day of October, in the year of grace 1360.'" rested of, may be more firm and stable, the securities which follow Among other letters which had been drawn up, as well at Bretigny shall be given; that is to say, letters drawn up in the best possible near Chartres as at Calais, during king John's residence there, was manner by the councils of the two kings, and sealed with the seals the above letter, now under examination of king Charles, his eldest of the two kings, and also with the seals of their two eldest sons. son, and the principal persons of his council. After it had been The aforesaid kings, their eldest sons, and their children, as well as maturely considered by the prelates and barons of France who had others of the branches of the royal family, and of the principal nobi- been summoned to this council, they told the king, that neither the lity of their kingdoms, to the number of twenty, shall swear they will king of England nor the prince of Wales had kept or fulfilled the keep, and help to keep as far as in them lies, all these articles which articles of the treaty of Bretigny; but, on the contrary, had taken have been made, entered into and agreed upon, and will keep them possession of castles and towns by force, and had remained in the without doing anything contrary, either by fraud, malice, or by any aforesaid kingdom of France, to its great loss; where they had pil. hindrance whatever. And if there should be any persons in the two laged and ransomed its subjects, by which means the payment for before-mentioned kingdoms of France and England who shall be the redemption of the late king John was still part in arrear: that rebellious, and not consenting to the aforesaid treaties, the two afore- upon this, and upon other points, the king of France and his subjects said kings together shall use every exertion of body, fortune, and had good right and just cause to break the peace, to make war upon friends, to bring the aforesaid rebels into true obedience, according the English, and deprive them of the possessions they had on this to the form and tenor of the aforesaid treaty. And withal, the two side the sea. aforesaid kings will submit themselves and their kingdoms to the The king was also secretly advised, after much deliberation, in coercion of our holy father the pope, in order that he may constrain such words as these: " Dear sire, undertake with courage this war: by ecclesiastical censures, or other means, him who shall be rebel- you have a very good cause to induce you to do so: and know, that lieus, according to what shall be thought reasonable. And among the as soon as you shall have determined upon it, you will find that many 8ecurities and assurances aforesaid, the two kings shall renounce for in the duchy of Aquitaine will turn to your side; such as prelates, themselves and their heirs, upon their faith and oath, all wars and barons, earls, knights, squires, and citizens of the principal towns; actions of war: and if through disobedience, rebellion, or power of for as the prince proceeds in levying this hearth-tax, in the same some of the subjects of the kingdom of France, or through any other proportion will hatred and ill-will follow from all ranks, as they will just cause, the king of France shall not be able to accomplish and be very miserable should he succeed in his attempt. As for those of fulfil all the things aforesaid, the king of England aforesaid, his heirs Poitou, Saintonge, Rouergue, Quercy, and La Rochelle, from their and kingdom, or any of them, shall not make war, nor cause war to nature they cannot love the English, who, in their turn, being proud te made upon the aforesaid king of France, iior upon his heirs anor ove this he teis ia thedr relativeno thei peaceBrt be mad upon he afoesaid ing o Franc, nor pon hi heirsnor See this and other treaties. in the Feeders. relative to the peace of )Bretig.',. 17b CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. and prt sumptuous, have not any affection for them, nor ever had. The prince of Wales was soon informed of their arrival, and ordered Add to this, that the officers of the prince are such extortioners, as them to be brought to him. When they came into his presence, they to lay tl.eir hands on whatever they can find, and levy such heavy bowed very low, and saluted him with great respect (as was on every taxes, uuder the name of the prince, that they leave nothing to the account his due, and they well knew how to pay it,) and then gave subject: besides, the gentlemen of the country cannot obtain any him their credential letters. The prince took them, and, after having offices, for they are all seized on by the English knights attached to read every word, said, "You are welcome; now communicate all the prince." that you have to say to us." " Respected sir," said the lawyer, By these arguments, the king of France was determined to declare " here are letters which were given to us by our honored lord the war; and the duke of Anjou, who at that time was at Toulouse, king of France; which letters we engaged on our faith to publish in took great pains to bring it about; for he was very desirous that the your presence, for they nearly relate to you." The prince upon this war should be renewed with the English, as he was one who could changed color, from his great difficulty to conjecture what they could not love them for some affronts they had put upon him in former relate to: the barons and knights who were with him were equally times.* astonished: but he restrained himself, and added, " Speak, speak: On the other hand, the Gascons frequently said to the king of all good news we will cheerfully hear." The lawyer then opened France: " Dear sire, we insist that we have an appeal to your court, the letter and read, word for word, the contents of it, which were: (and therefore supplicate you to do us justice, as being the most up " Charles, by the grace of God king of France, to our nephew the right prince in the world,) in regard to the great injuries and extor. prince of Wales and Aquitaine, health. Whereas several prelates, tions which the prince of Wales and his people want to impose upon barons, knights, universities, fraternities and colleges of the country us. Should you refuse, however, to do us right, we will seek for it and district of Gascony, residing and inhabiting upon the borders of in other courts, and we will place ourselves under that lord who will our realm, together with many others from the country and duchy of exert himself to preserve our rights; by which means you may lose Aquitaine, have come before us in our court, to claim justice for certhe principality." tain grievances and unjust oppressions which you, through weak coun. The king of France, who very unwillingly would have suffered sel and foolish advice, have been induced to do them, and at which this loss, for it would have been of the greatest prejudice to his king- we are much astonished. Therefore, in order to obviate and remedy dom, made a courteous reply: " that never, for want of law or advice such things, we do take cognizance of their cause, insomuch that should they apply to any other court than his own; but it was proper we, of our royal majesty and sovereignty, order and command you such affairs should be treated with much deliberation and prudence." to appear in our city of Paris in person, and that you show and proIn this manner, he kept them in expectation for one year, detaining sent yourself before us, in our chamber of peers, to hear judgment them privately at Paris; where, besides paying all' their expenses, he pronounced upon the aforesaid complaints and grievances done by you made them handsome presents and gave them rich jewels. He, to your subjects, who claim to be heard, and to have the jurisdiction however, inquired secretly, whether, in case the peace be broken, of our court. Let there be no delay in obeying this summons, but and war with the English recommence, they would support him: set out as speedily as possible after having heard this order read. In they replied, that he ought not to be alarmed, nor prevented from witness whereof, we have affixed our seal to these presents. Given carrying on the war in their country, as they were sufficiently able at Paris, the 25th day of January, 1369." to make head against the prince, and the force he could employ. The king at the same time, sounded those of Abbeville, if they would return to their allegiance, and become good Frenchmen: they CHAPTER CCXLVIII. desired nothing more earnestly than to do so, for much did they hate the English. Thus did the king of France acquire friends on all THE PRINCE OF WALE5 sRISONS THE COMMISSIONS FROM THE ItINI sides: otherwise, he would not have dared to act as he did. At this OF FANC WHO HAD ROGHT THE UMMONS OF APPEAL FR time was born Charles of France, eldest son to the king of France, THE LORDS OF GASCONY TO THE COURT OF FRANCE. in the year of grace 1368, which gave great joy to the kingdom. WHEN the prince of Wales had heard this letter read, he was more Before this time, had been born Charles d'Albret. The birth of these astonished than before. He shook his head; and after having eyed two children, who were cousins-german, was highly pleasing to the the said Frenchmen, and considered awhile, he replied as follows: whole realm, but particularly to the king of France. "We shall willingly attend on the appointed day at Paris, since the king of France sends for us; but it will be with our helmet on out head, and accompanied by sixty thousand men." The two French C H A P T E R C C X L V I I. men, upon this, fell upon their knees, saying, " Dear sir, have mercy. for God's sake: do not bear this appeal with too much anger noi MhE RING OF FRANCE SENDS A SUMMONS TO THE PRINCE OF WALES, TO indignation. We are but messengers sent by our lord the king of APPEAR IN THE CRAMBER OF PEERS AT PARIS, IN THE MATTER OF AN France, to whom we owe all obedience (as your subjects in like APPEAL FROM THE BARONS OF GASCONY. manner do to you,) and to whom it is proper we should pay it: THE king of France was so strongly advised by his council, and therefore, whatever answer you shall wish to charge us with, we will Jo strenuously entreated by the Gascons, that an appeal was drawn very willingly report it to our lord." " Oh no," replied the prince, sp, and sent to Aquitaine, to summon the prince of Wales to appear " I am not in the least angry with you, but with those who sent you before the parliament of Paris. It was in the name of the earl of hither. Your king has been ill advised, thus to take the part of our Armagnac, the lord d'Albret, the earls of Perigord and of Comminges, subjects, and to wish to make himself judge of what he has nothing the viscount of Carmaing, the lords de la Barde and de Pincornet, to do with, nor any right to interfere in. It shall be very clearly who were the principal appellants. In this appeal, the said Gascons demonstiated to him, that when he gave possession and seisin of the complained of certain oppressive grievances which the prince of whole duchy of Aquitaine to our lord and father, or to his commis. Wales and of Aqcuitaine was about to inflict on them and their vas saries, he surrendered also all jurisdiction over it; and all those who sals; and that the said Gascons appealed to and claimed the juris- have now appealed against us, have no other court to apply to bui diction of the king of France, whom as a matter of right, they had that of England, and to our lord and father. It shall cost a hundred chosen for their judge. When this appeal from the said barons and thousand lives, before it shall be otherwise." On saying this, the lords of Gascony had been well drawn out, and reduced to writing, prince quitted them, and entered another apartment, leaving themr after different corrections in the best possible manner by the wisest quite thunderstruck. of the French council, and after it had been:very fully considered, Some English knights came to them, and said: " My lords, you they resolved that it should be signified to the prince of Wales, that must go from hence, and return to your hotel; you have well exethey summoned him to appear in person, in the chamber of peers at cuted the business you came here upon, but you will not have any Paris, to answer the complaints made against him and attend the other answer to it than what you have just heard." The knight and judgment: to which effect, orders were given to an eloquent lawyer, lawyer returned to their inn, where having dined, they soon after that the business might be more properly done, and a very noble packed up their baggage, and mounting their horses, set out from knight of Beauce, called Caponnel de Caponnal. Bordeaux, taking the road to Toulouse, to relate to the duke of An. These two commissioners left Paris with their attendants, taking jou what they had done. the road toward Bordeaux. They passed through Berry, Touraine, The prince of Wales was much cast down by this appeal which Poitou, Saintonge, and came to Blaye, where they crossed the Ga. had been made against him. His knights and barons were not in ronne: from thence they went to Bordeaux, where the prince and better spirits: they wished, and even advised the prince to kill the princess at that time resided, more than at any other place. These two messengers, as a salary for their pains; but the prince forbade commissioners declared, wherever they passed, that they were come it to be done. His thoughts, however, were ill.inclined to them: by orders of the king of France; by which means they were in all when he heard they were set out, and had taken the road to Touplaces well received. When they entered the city of Bordeaux, they louse, he called sir Thomas Felton,* the high steward of Rouergue, took up their quarters at an inn (for itwas late, about the hour of sr Thomas de Pontchardon, sir Thomas Percy, his chancellor the vespers,) and remained there all that night. On the following day, bishop of Rhodez, and several others of his principal barons; of at a proper hour, they went to the abbey of St. Andrew, where the whom he asked, "Have these Frenchmen who have gone away any prince of Wales kept hIis court. passportsfrom me?" They answered, that they had heard nothing The knights and squires of the prince received themt kindly, out about it. "No," replied the prince, shaking his head, "it is not.f respect to the king of France, by whom they said they were sent. right that they should so easily leave our country, and go to relate Very probably for having escaped dishonorably from England, where he was an * Barnes says sir Thomas Felton was sneschal of Aquitaine, and sis Thomas Waie hotage for hisS father king John. saneschal of Rouergue. C Hi ONICLrES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 177 their prattle to the duke of Aijou, who loves us little, and say how the king of England, he had returned to France; and while he wa: they have summoned us personally in our own palace. They are, at Paris with his brother-in-law king Charles, it chanced that the upon due consideration, messengers from my vassals, the earl of Ar. bishop of Winchester, chancellor of England, died. There was at magnac, the lord d'Albret, the ea-ls of Perigord, Comminges and that time a priest in England of the name of William of Wykeham: of Carmnaing, rather than from the king of France; so that, for the this William was so high in the king's grace that nothing was done, vexation they have given us, we consent they should be detained and in any respect whatever, without lis advice. When the chancellor. thrown into prison." The council of the prince were well pleased ship and bishopric thus became vacant, the king immediately wrote on hearing this, as it was before their advice, and said it had been to the duke of Bourbon, at the request and prayer of the said Wil. but too long delayed. liam, to beg, of him, through the affection lie had for him, to go to The high steward of Agenois was charged with this commission: the holy father Urban, and prevail on him to grant the vacant bish his name was sir William Ie Moine, a very gallant and noble knight opric of Winchester to his chaplain; and that, in return, he would be of England; who immediately mo'inted his horse with his attend- very courteous to hini as to his ransom. ants, and left Bordeaux. He made such haste, in pursuing these When the duke of Bourbon received the messengers with the letFrenchmen, that he overtook tI em before they had passed the dis- ters from the king of England, he was much pleased, and explained trict of Agdnois. Upon comirng up with them, he arrested them to the king of France what the king of England and sir William under title of his office, and found. another pretence for so doing wanted him to do. The king advised him to go to the pope. The without compromising the prince, whose name he never mentioned, duke therefore, with his attendants, immediately set out and travelled, but said, their host of the preceding evening had complained to him until they came to Avignon, where pope Urban resided, for he had that they had taken one of his horses in mistake from his inn. The not as yet set out for Rome. The duke made his request to the holy knight and lawyer were astonished on hearing this, and endeavored father, who directly granted it, anrid gave to him the bishopric of Winto excuse themselves, but in vain, for they could not obtain their chester, to dispose of' as he should please; and if hlie found the king liberty. They were conducted to the city of Agen, and put in the of England courteous and liberal as to his ransom, he was very wil. prison of the castle. The English suffered some of their attendants ling that Wylieham should have this bishopric. The duke upon this to return to France; who, passing through Toulouse, related to the returned to France, and afterwards to England, Where he entered duke of Anjou everything as it had happened. The duke was not into a treaty with the king and his council for his ransom, showing at much displeased thereat; for ho thought it would be the beginning of the same time his bulls from the pope. The king, who loved Wyke. the war, and prepared to take his measures accordingly. ham very much, did whatever he desired. The duke had his liberty, News of the imprisonment of his commissioners was soon carried on paying twenty thousand francs; and sir* William Wykeham was to the king of France; for their servants being returned to court, made bishop of Winchester and chancellor of England; told all they had seen and heard from their masters, in regard to the In this manner, the French lords who were hostages in Englaid. state, government and countenance of the prince of Wales; which, obtained their liberty. We will now return to the war in Gascony, coming to the ears of the king, inflamed his anger: he was greatly which first broke out on account of the appeal which has been. vexed, and thought much upon it, as well as upon the words of the already spoken of. prince, on receiving this appeal, namely, that he would attend the appeal in person, with his helmet on his head, accompanied by sixty CHAPTER,(- L. thousand men. This haughty and proud answer occupied the mind of the king of France: he therefore, most prudently and wisely, be- THE EARI; OF XRR.x.aorD,t THE VtSCOUNT OF CARMAING AND OTHER: gan to make preparations for supporting the weight of this ensuing BARONS OF GASCONY, DEFEAT THE HIGH STEWARD OF ROiTERGUE. war; for in truth it was likely to be very heavy as well as hazardous, You have heard how much the prince of Wa;es was offended by, and to draw upon him the whole force of the king of England, the summons which had been served on him to appear at the court. against whom his predecessors had labored so much in former times, of the parliament in Paris. It was fully his intention to perform the: as has been related in this history. But he was strongly solicited by answer he had given to the commissioners from the king, namely, the great lords of Guyenne on the other hand, who demonstrated to that in the course of the summer he would come and take his seat, him the extortions of the Ernglish, and the great losses which this and personally appear at the feast of the lendit.t He therefore sent might in future occasion to him, the truth of which he well knew. orders to those captains of English and Gascon companies who were What appeared to affect him most, in beginning this war, was his attached to him, and in quarters upon the banks of the Loire, not to, consideration for the destruction of his poor people, which might march to any great distance from that river, for he should shortly continue for a long time, and the dangers and opprobrium which have occasion for them, and would find them employment. The his nobles had suffered from the last war. greater part of these companies were much rejoiced at the news. The prince would not have failed in his intentions, but that his illness and the swelling daily increased (which had been caused by his ex.. C H A P T ER C C X L I X. pedition into Spain:) so that his attendants were very much alarmed at it, for he could not at this moment mount his horse. The king TA SUICE OF BERR AND SEVERAL MORE LORDS, WHO HAD BEEN HOST. of France had received accurate information of all this, and had GES IN ENLAND RETURN TO FANcE. been furnished with the statement of his case drawn up in writing;: THE king of France and his council, not regarding the haughty from which the physicians and surgeons of France judged that he, answer of the prince of Wales, made every preparation which might had a confirmed dropsy, and declared him unable ever to recover. be necessary for the grand event about to take place. At this pc. As soon as the capture of sir Caponnel de Caponnal and the man. riod, the lord John of France, duke of Berry, had returned home, of law was publicly known, who, as it has been before said, were, through the favor of the king of England, who had granted him per- arrested by sir William le Moine, and carried prisoners to Agen, the mission to remain a year in France. He acted so prudently, and earl of Comminges, the Iarl of Periford, the viscount of Carmaing,.. made so many excuses, that he never went back; for the war speed-. sir Bertrand Taude, the lord de la Barde, the lord de Pincornet, and ily broke out, as you will hear related. Sir John de Harcourt had many more knights and squires who resided on their estates, and: also returned to his own country, where his estates had been granted lordships, were very much offended at this measure; since for them, him, through the solicitations of sir Lewis de Harcourt his uncle, and upon their account, had they undertaken this commission. They who was from Poitou, and at the time one of the prince's knights. determined to have revenge for this violence, and to begin the war in. Sir John de Harcourt fell sick, which happened to him very oppor. tunely, for it lasted until the renewal of the war, so that he never * "The custom of'prefining the addition of Sir, to the Christian name ofa clergyman; again returned to England. was formerly usual in this country. Filler, in his Church History, book vi., enumerates Sir Guy de Blois, who at that time was a young squire, and brother even ciantries, part of a much larger number, in tihe old cathedral of St. Paul, in the time of king Edward VI., with the names of the then incumbents, most of whom had: to the earl of Blois, obtained his liberty also; for when he perceived the addition of sir; upon whicih he remarks, and gives this reason why there were forthat the kin, of France, for whom he was hostage, had not thought rnerly more sirs than knights: such priests as have the addition of sir, beforetheir Chrisof ransoming him, he made overtures to the lord de Coucy, who had tian nanmes, were men not graduated in the university, being in orders, butnot in degrees;,. mared one of the in daughters, and who had a very great while others, entitled masters, had commenceain thiearts. This ancientusageisalludedi married. one of the king's daughters, and who had a very greattoithflown uruscc: to in the following humorous catch: revenue in right of his wife, assigned to him on the Iking's treasury.'Now [ am married, Sir John I'll not curse: This treaty advanced so well between the king, his son-in-law, and He joined us together for better for worse. sir Guy, that the latter, with the permission of his two brothers Louis But if I were single, I do tell you plain, and John, and with the consent of the king of France, gave up I'd he welt advis'd, err I married again.' SIR JOHN HAWKINS'S Hist. MMfusic, vol. it. p. 518.: wholly and absolutely into the hands of the king of England, the t Tre earls of Carmaing rave since taken the name of Foix, by n alliance with 18 y ouTthe e s of Eeagaing he save since taken the name of Foix, by an alliarce with an, county of Soissons; which county the king of England gave again, heiress of this name, who brouight to threm the crounty of Foix, in the 14th cenrtury. The,'end presented to the lord de Cducy, who released it for four thousand earls of Perigord bear to this dry tire same name; they are likewise known under those, livres a-year annual rent. Thus were these agreements and cove. of rrinces of Chaairis, earls of Perignord, or earls of Talleyrand, which is the principal:' nants finished. The earl Peter d'Alenron had, through the good iname of their house. M. de Tallcyrand de Perigord was bishop of Autun, of which: office le divested himself, when, in the course of the revolutionary furor,.episcopacy~ will of the lioEn, gland returned also to France, where he re- became unpopsular, and is now minister for foreign affairs to the republic of France,.. matned so long, and made so many excuses, that he never went backi 1803. [Prince TaTleeyrand has within these few days (May, 1838) departed this. life, afters to resume his duty as hostage; but, I believe, at last he paid thirty reconciling himself to the church of Rome. —En.] thousand francs, to acquit his faith and oath.; Lendit —a great fair kept tin a field near St. Denis) from the second Wedneeday inJune until Midsummer eve —whence lendits —gate-money, fairings, or yearly presents, Before onis time, a fortunate circumstance happened to duke Louis bestowedl by the scholars of the university, especially those of Paris, on their'stors. — de Bourbon, who was one of the hostages in Enlgland. By favor of CO'FOaaV,. 178 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. their own country, by making prisoners some of those attached to been, and still was, much harassed, as well by the daily incursions the party of the prince. They had information that sir Thomas of the free companies, who had for these last six years made war Wake was on his road to Rhodez, to examine the strength of the upon France, as by other oppressors, of which the king of France castle; that he was at Villeneuve d'Ag'nois, from whence he was and his council had had information, and were very ill satisfied that to be escorted by only sixty lances. the king of England and his eldest son the prince of Wales should When these knights heard this news, they were in high spirits, and act in such a manner as to countenance them. These two person. resolved to lay an ambuscade for sir Thomas, consisting of three ages remained in England for the space of two months; and during hundred lances; so that about two leagues from Montauban, as the this time, they proposed various agreements and reasons to the king, high steward was continuing his route with sixty lances and two which made him frequently out of humor and in a passion; but they hundred archers, they were attacked by this large ambuscade of Gas- did not pay much attention to this, for they had received instructions cons. The English were very much surprised: for they, not sus- from the king of France and his council how to act and what to say. pecting such an attack, were quite unprepared for it: however, they When the king of France had received such information as he began to exert themselves stoutly in self-defence; but the Gascons, could depend on, that the inhabitants of Abbeville were in their who had formed their plans at leisure, were too many for them, and hearts Frenchmen; that the war was begun in Gascony; that all at the first shock numbers were dismounted: the English, not being the men-at-arms in the kingdom of France were prepared, and eager able to resist the violence of the Gascons of Perigord, Comminges and to wage war upon the prince of Wales and to enter his territories; Carmaing, were thrown into disorder, and, being defeated without he was anxious that no reproach might be cast on him, either at the much resistance, turned their backs. Many were taken and slain, present moment, or in times to come, for haviag srdered an army Sir Thomas was obliged himself to fly, otherwise he would have into the territories of the king of England, or the prince of Wales, been made prisoner; and he owed his safety to the fleetness of his to take cities, castles, towns or fortresses, without having sent them horse; which carried him to Montauban. The Gascons and others a challenge: he therefore resolved to defy the king of England; returned to their own country, carrying with them their prisoners which he did by sealed letters. One of his valets, who was from and booty. Brittany, carried them. He met at Dovcr the earl of Saltzburg and News was very soon brought to the prince of Wales, who at that sir William des Dormans, who were returning from England to time resided at Angoulome, how his high steward of Rouergue had France, having accomplished the business they had been sent on, been defeated by the earl of Perigord, and by those other noblemen The Breton, according to the orders he had received, told them what who had summoned him by appeal to the chamber of peers at Paris. he was going about; which they no sooner heard than they set off Much enraged was the prince, when it was told him: he said, he as quickly as possible, and crossed the sea. They were very happy would have a severe and early revenge for this, upon the persons and when they found themselves in the town and fortress of Boulogne. lordships where this outra'e had been committed. He wrote directly About this time, sir Guiscard d'Angle, marshal of Aquitaine, had to sir John Chandos, who had retired to his estate at St. Sauveur le been sent by the prince of Wales to pope Urban V. at Rome, on Vicomte in Coutantin, ordering him to come to him, without delay, affairs relating to Aquitaine. He had found the pope very polite in as soon as he should have received his letter. complying with the requests he bed to make to him. On his return, Sir John Chandos, desirous of obeying the prince, made all possible he first'heard the news of war being made ~n the prince, and that haste, and came to Angoul6me to the prince, who received him with the French had entered the principality. He was very much sur great joy. Soon after, the prince sent him to Montauban, with a prised at this, and dubious how he should be able to continue his large body of men-at-arms and archers, to mnake war upon the Gas. journey. He went, however, to the gallant earl of Savoy, whom he cons and French, who were every d(lay increasing in numbers, making found at the town of Pignerol, in Piedmont, engaged in war with incursions upon the territories of the prince. Sir Thomas Wake the marquis de Saluces. The earl of Savoy received sir Guiscard,ollected his scattered men as well as he could, and went to Rhodez, and his company with great pleasure: he entertained them for two.which he amply reinforced and revictualled, as well as the castle of days with much magnificence, and presented them with handsome'Milhaud upon the confines of Montpellier; and in every place he put gifts, particularly sir Guiscard, who had the larger share: for the gal-:menat.arms aand archers. lant earl respected him greatly, on account of his hardy knighthood. Sir John Chandos made the town of Montauban his head-quarters, When sir Guiscard and his companions had left the earl of Savoy,,and gallantl~ defended the frontiers against the Gascons and French, the nearer they approached the boundaries of France and Burgundy with the other knights whom the prince of Wales had sent thither: the worse news they heard, and more disagreeable to their feelings. such as, the eaptal de Buch, the two brothers de Pommierls, sir John Sir Guiscard having well considered all the information he could and sir Helie, the souldich do l'Estrade, the lord of Partenay, the gain, saw that it would be impossible for him to return to Guyenne lord of Pens, sir Louis de Harcourt, the lord de Pinaine, the lord de in the state he travelled. He therefore delayed as much as he could, *Tannaybou:ton, and sir Richard de Pontchardon. These knights, and gave the command of his whole army and attendants to a knight -with their companies, made frequent attacks upon the forces of the called sir John Shore, who had married his daughter. Sir John came.earl of Armagnac, the lord d'Albret, the earls of Perigord and Comn- from Brittany, and spoke very good French: he took the command;minges, the viscounts of Carmaing and of Tharide, the lord de la of all the attendants and baggage of his father-in-law: when coming Barde, and several other barons and knights of the same connection, to the estate of the lord of Beaujeu, he crossed the river Sa6ne, and,who, with their companies, were upon this frontier. Sometimes one became so well acquainted with the lord of Beaujeu that he conducted.,side was victorious, sometimes the other, as in war such things com- him and his whole company to Rion in Auvergne, to the duke of monly happen. Berry: he there offered to become a true Frenchman, provided he The duke of Anjou remained very quiet, and made not the smallest were suffered to return peaceably to his house in Brittany, as it had,movement, notwithstanding the rumors he heard; for the king of before been settled between him and the lord of Beawjeu. France had strictly ordered him not to make war upon the prince of In the mean time, sir Guiscard, under the disguise of a poor chapWales, nor on his subjects, until he should receive from him positive lain, ill mounted and badly equipped, passed through France, Bur..orders for so doing. gundy, and Auvergne, and with great difficulty entered the principality. On his arrival at Angoul6me, lie was heartily welcomed by the prince ~~CHAPTER CCLI. ~of Wales. Another knight, whose name was sir William de Sens, who had accompanied him on this embassy to Rome, took refuge in THE KrNG OF FRANCE GAINS OVER SEVERAL CAPTAINS OF THE FREE con- the abbey of Clugny in Burgundy, from whence he never stirred for PANIES. HE SENDS HIS DEFIANCE TO THE KING OF ENGLAND. five years, and at last turned Frenchmma. THE king of France, all this time, was secretly and ably gaining We will now return to the Breton who was the bearer of the chal-,over several of the captains of the free companies, and others attached lenge from Charles king of France to Edward king of England.,to the party of the English, who had ascended the river Loire, and,were on the confines of Berry and Auvergne, where the king of France had given permission for them to reside. Not one of the C H A P T E R C C L II.:conipanies of France was in motion; for the king did not wish that Franewainmoion forhekngdinotishtiatCHALLENGES FROM fRANCE ARE DELIVERED TO THE KING OF ENGLAND.'his name should yet be made use of in this war, lest it might do his CHLLENGES FROE FRANCE ARE DELIVERED TO THE RING OF ENGLANR..affairs harm, and lest he should lose the country of Ponthieu, which TE EARL DE ST. OL AND THE LORD CHATILLON CONUER TE:he was very anxious to regain. OUNTY OF PONTHIEU. Had the king of England perceived that the king of France in- THE valet before mentioned made haste to London, as he had heard tended war, he would easily have prevented the loss of Ponthieu by the king of England and his council were assembled at the palace r enforcing the garrisons of Abbeville with English, and others at- of Westminster. The king had for some time held various councils itached to him; so that he would have been master of the whole upon the state of the prince's affairs, who was at war with the barons country:; and in the like manner would he have done to all the other I and knights of Gascony, to examine into the best means of assisting garrisons dependent on that county. The king of England had at him, and to consider whom he should send from England to the this time,;for high steward of Ponthieu, a good English knight called prince's aid. He soon heard other news, which troubled him more sir Nicholas LJouvain, in whom the king had great confidence, and than before; for the valet who was the bearer of these letters manwith justice:; for, sooner than commit any cowardly or unworthy aged so as to enter the chamber where the king and his council were,deed, he would hane had his limbs torn from him. sitting. IHe said he was a valet belonging to the household of the Atrthis period, -the king of France sent to England the earl of Saltz- king of France, and ha~d been sent by that king with letters addressed nurg and sir William des Dormans, to remonstrate with the king and to the king of England, but was ignorant what were their contents his countvii, and to complain that part of the country of France had nor did it belong to him to know, He presented them on his knees _CHROTN7[CLE S O F..E L A E D, F'KV A7N -E, f —AI iN, X c.....L to the king; who, being desirous to know what might be their sub- pended one hundred thousand francs in addition to the revenues ha ject, ordered them to be taken, opened, and read. The king and all drew from it;) he was in a mighty passion. He had, however, more those with him were much surprised when they heard the challenge fears of a war from Scotland than from France: he knew the Scots they contained. They examined them very carefully every way, as did not love him, for the great nmischiefs he had done them in former well as the seal, and clearly saw that the challenge was good. They times. He therefore sent large detachments of men-at-arms to Ber. ordered the valet to withdraw, telling hil he had done his business wick, Roxburgh, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and to the whole border, to well, ald that he might boldly set out on his return, for he would guard it. Ile also ordered detachments to Southampton, Guernsey, not meet with any obstacle to his doing so, as indeed he did not: and to the island of Blisso;* for he had procured information that he therefore went back to France as speedily as possible. the king of France was making great preparations, and collecting a The earl dauphin of Auvergne, the earl of Porcien, the lord de number of ships, in order to invade England. He did not know Maulevrier, and several others at this time in England, as hostages what part to guard the most; and, to speak truth, the English were for the king of France, were in the greatest anxiety on hearing the very much alarmed. above intelligence; for they were doubtful of the intentions of the As soon as the dukes of Berry and of Anjou were certain that the king of England and his council, and what they meant to do to challenge had been delivered, and war declared, being unwilling to them. remain idle, they issued their special orders; one in Auvergne, the It is proper to be known that the king and his council were greatly other at Toulouse; for their vassals to enter the principality. The offended that this challenge should have been brought by a valet: duke of Berry had under his command all the barons of Auvergne, they said it was not decent that a war between two such great lords of the bishoprics of Lyons and Macon, the lords de Beaujeu, de Vilas the kings of France and of England should be announced and de- lars, de Tournon, sir Godfrey de Boulogne, his brother-in-law sir dclared by a common servant; that it would not have been unworthy John d'Armagnac, sir John de Villemur, the lords de Montagu and of a prelate, or of a valiant baron or knight, to have been the bearer de Talencon, sir Hugh Dauphin, the lord de Rochefort, and several of such a declaration; however, nothing more was done. more. These men.at-arms immediately advanced to Touraine, and In this council, the king was advised to send directly reinforce- to the borders of Berry, from whence they carried the war into the ments of men-at-arms to Ponthieu, to guard that country, more par- fine country of Poitou; but they found it well filled with knights and ticularly to Abbeville, which ran much risk of being taken. The squires, who did not permit them to gain much advantage. king approved of this, and ordered the lord Percy, the lord Neville, Sir Louis de St. Julian, sir William des Bourdes, and Carnet le the lord Carbestone* and sir William Windsor on this business, with Breton, were at that time in garrison in the French castles of Tou. three hundred men-at-arms and one thousand archers. raine. These three were great captains, brothers in arms: they While these lords were making their preparations, and were performed many gallant deeds, and did much harm to the English, already as far advanced on their road as Dover, to cross the sea, other as will hereafter be more fully related. news was brought which did not please them much. For as soon as the earl Guy de St. Pol and sir Hugh de Chatillon, who was at that time master of the cross-bows of France, could suppose that the CHAPTER CCLIV. king of England had received the defiance, they advanced toward Ponthieu, having before sent privately their sunmmnons to the knights SEVERAL CAPTAINS OF COPANTES SIDE ITH DIFFERENT PARTIES. T and squires of Hainault, Artois, Cambresis, Vermandois, Vimeu, and KING OF ENGLAND SENDS Te EARL OF CAMRSIDGE APN TIOE EARE Picardy; so that their whole force amounted to not less than a hun- OF PEMBROE TO THE ASSISTNCE OF HS SON THE PINCE OF WALES dred and twenty lances, with which they appeared before Abbeville. THEY PASS THROUGI BR1TTNY. The gates were immediately opened, as had before been privately TiE duke of Lancaster possessed, as part of his inheritance in concerted; and these men-at-arms entered the town without doing Champagne, a castle situated between Troyes and ChAlons, called any harm to the inhabitants. Beaufort; of which an English squire, named the Poursuivanl Sir Hugh de Chatillon, who was the leader of this expedition, d'Amourf was the captain. When this squire perceived that the marched to that part of the town where he thought he should find war was renewed between the kings of France and England, he the high steward of Ponthieu, sir Nicholas Louvain, and exerted turned to the king of France, and swore to him faith and loyalty himself so effectually as to make him his prisoner, as well as a very from this time fo!th, as a good Frenchman. The king for this en. rich clerk and valiant man who was treasurer of Ponthieu. The riched him greatly. and left this castle under his care, in conjunction French made this day many a good and rich prisoner; for the Eng- with another squire of Champagne called Yvain.t The poursuivant lish lost everything they had in the town. On the same day, the and Yvain were great friends. They performed many feats of arms French advanced to St. Valery, which they took by storm; they did against the English, and against their partisans. the same to Crotoy,t as well as to the town of Dernet upon the sea. The canon de Robssart, who had before been a loyal and a good Shortly after, the earl of St. Pol went to Pont de St. Remy on the Frenchman, on the renewal of the war turned to the English, and Somme, where some English were collected. The earl ordered became the liege man of the king of England, who was well satisthem to be attacked. There was a grand skirmish, with many valor- fled with his services. In this manner several knights and squires ous deeds of arms. His eldest son, Galeran, was created a Iknight, changed their party. The duke of Anjou had been so active among and did honor to his new knighthood. The English were so roughly the free companies of Gascony that sir Perducas d'Albret, le petit handled, that they were either slain or made prisolners, and the bridge Mechin, le bourg de Breteuil, Aimenon d'Ortige, Perrot de Savoye, and fort conquered by the French. In short, the whole territory and Jacquet de Bray and Arnaudon de Pans, turned Frenchmen; which county of Ponthieu were freed from the English, so that none re- much displeased the English, as their forces were greatly weakened mained who could any way do mischief. byit. Naudon de Bagerant, le bourg de l'Esparre and le bourg News was brought to the king of England, who was at London, Camus, remained steady to the English; as well as the most approved how those of Ponthieu had deserted him, and turned to the French. captains among them, such as sir Robert Briquet, Robert Thin The king was much enraged at this, and at first had intentions of John Tresnelle, Gaillard de Motte, and Aimery de Rochechouart severely retaliating upon those of the hostages who were still in Lon-. These companies of English and Gascons, with their followers, don; but he thought it would be cruel to make them answer for his fixed their quarters in the bishopric of Mans in lower Normandy; ill fortune. Nevertheless, he sent all the citizens who had been where they took a town called Vire,~ and destroyed and ruined all given as hostages from the cities and principal towns of France, to the neighboring country. Thus these free companies changed theio other towns, castles, and forts in his kingdom, and did not allow sides; but all of them were engaged for the French or English. them the same liberty they had before enjoyed. He ransomed the The king of England determined to send his son, Edmund of carl dauphin d'Auvergne for thirty thousand francs, and the earl of Porcien for ten thousand. The lord de Roye, however, remained in " Blisso." Q. of Wight. Lord Berners says the Isle of Wight.-ED. prison, in great peril; for, as he was not in any favor at the court of t Poursuivant d'Amour, was a title that knights and squires gave themselves, on ac England, he was obliged to endure much ill treatment, untildelivered count oftheir wearing the portrait or colors of their mistresses, and challenging each accident and great good fortune as you will hear in the continu- ier to fight in hionor of their ladies. Barnes calls him Percival Damorie, but I do lot by accident and great good fortune, as you will hear in the continu- see on what foundation: it seems to me to be a corruption of' Poursuivant d'Amour. ance of this history. "The duke of Lancaster at this same time lost his castle of Beaufirt, between Troyes and Chlsons. He had intrusted this place to the guard of Evan of Wales. This Evan was called Ie Poursuivant d'Amour. Hie was thie son ofEdmund, thie last of the ancient CHAPTER CCLII I. sovereigns of Wales, who had been beheaded by Edward. He had been brought up at the court of Philip de Valois, as page of honor to his chamber, and made his first camTHE KING OF ENGLAND SENDS A LARGE BODY OF MEN-AT-ARMS TO THE paignunder king John. At the peace, thie duke of Lancaster, whio was probably ignoBORDERS OF SCOTLAND. THE DUKES OF BERRY AND OF ANJOU IS- rantofhlisbirth, madesimgovernorofhiscastleofBeaufort. Being naturally an enemy SUE THEIR ORDERS FOR THEIR VASSALS TO ATTACK THE PRINCE or to the English, he eagerly seized this opportunity of revenging himself fsr the ancient injuries of his house. The king of France accepted his offers ofservice, and gave hinr WALES. the command of some ships, with which he made incursions on the English coasts." — WHEN the king of England thus saw himself defied by the king of Hist. de Franc, par Villaret, tome v. p. 310. France; the county of Ponthieu lost, after having cost him such There must be some mistake in the preceding account from Villaret, for Wales waz finally conquered by Edward I. in 1283, by the defeat of Llewelin, and the disgraceful sums in the reparation of town s, and houses (for he had ex- manner in which Edward murdered his brother David. The surrender of the castle of * Barnes says, lord Heisry Percy, lord William Neville, and lord William Windier, Beaufort happened nearly one hundred years afterwards, so that Evvn could not have Barnes says, lord Henry Percy, lord William Neville, and lord William Windsor, been a son of one of our last sovereigns. and one lord more, but does not name him.: It seems probable that this chevalier was the Welshman mentioned in the foregoing t Cvstoy —a town apposite to St. Valery, on the Somme. note, and thmat the Poursuivant was a totally different person. Who Even really was it: "tDerne." No such place. Q.. if not Rue, which is a small town on the coast, two is not easy to discover. —En. miles from St. Valery ~ ~ Vire —a town in Normandy, on the river Vire, diocese of Bayeuj. 189 CHRONICLES OF ENiGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. Langley earl of Cambridge, and his son-in-law, John Hastings, earl were brothers, named Ernaldon and Bernardel de Batefol. There of Pembroke, to the assistance of the prince of Wales in the duchy were in this garrison of Bordeilles with the two captains, a number of Aquitaine, with the command of a body of men-at-arms and of men-at-arms, whom the earl of Perigord had sent thither. It cross-bowmen. He also named such as he thought right to send was also amply provided with artillery, wine, provision and every. with them: and in the number were, the lord Braddeston,* sir Bryan thing else that might be necessary to hold out for a considerable Stapleton, sir John Trivet, sir Thomas Banaster and divers others. time; and those in garrison were well inclined to defend it: so that They embarked as speedily as they could, and put to sea, having during the siege of Bordeilles many gallant deeds of arms, many a with them four hundrid men-at-arms and as many archers. They skirmish and many an assault, were daily performed. The two steered their course for Brittany; and, having a wind to their wish, before-mentioned squires were bold, proud and enterprising: they they landed at the port St. Male. When John de Montfort, duke little loved the English, and in consequence advanced frequently of Brittany, was informed of their arrival, he was much rejoiced, to their barriers to skirmish with them. Sometimes one side con. and immediately sent some of his knights to receive and entertain quered, sometimes the other, as it happens in such adventures and them; namely, sir John de Laigniguay and sir John Augustin. The deeds of arms. earls of Cambridge and Pembroke were well pleased on seeing On the other hand, there were full one thousand combatants, these knights: but they were not perfectly assured if the barons and French, Burgundians, Bretons, Picards, Normans and Angevins, in principal towns of Brittany would permit them to pass through the Poitou, and on the borders of Anjou and Touraine, who were over. country, in their way to Poitou. The English lords, therefore, made running the lands of the prince of Wales, and daily committing great this their request to the duke and to the country. The duke, being devastations. The leaders of these men-at-arms were, sir John de very partial to the English, complied directly with their wishes, and Bueil, sir William de Bourdes, sir Louis de St. Julian and Carnet le acted so efficaciously with the barons and principal towns, that it Breton. was agreed they should pass through the country in a peaceable In order to oppose this force, some knights and squires of the manner, upon paying for whatever they might have occasion to use: prince, in particular sir Simon Burley and the earl of Angus, were to which terms the English joyfully assented. quartered on the borders of Poitou and Saintonge: but they were The earls of Cambridge and Pembroke prepared to march with scarcely a fourth part of the strength of the French. Whenever the their army to join those free companies who were in the province of French made any excursions, they amounted always to a thousand Maine, at Chateau Gontiert and at Vire; where they had destroyed fighting men: whereas the English were never more, at the utmost, and pillaged the ~whole country; declaring their intentions to advance than two or three hundred; for the prince had sent off three very farther into the interior of the kingdom. The Bretons entered into large detachments-one to Montauban, of five hundred men-at-arms, treaty with them; and it was agreed that they should have liberty to under sir John Chandos, to ravage the lands of the earl d'Armagnace oass through that country, by crossing the river Loire at the bridge and the lord d'Albret-another of considerable numbers, under sir of' Nantes, engaging not to do any mischief on their march. Hugh Calverley-and the largest division under the command of his At this time, sir Hugh Calverley was on the borders of Arragon, brother, the earl of Cambridge, before Bordeilles. Notwithstanding with a large body of the firee companies, who had lately quitted this, those who were in Poitou did not fail to acquit themselves galSpain. As soon as he heard that the French were making war upon lantly, and to do their duty in making excursions on the lands of the prince, he set off with all the men-at-arms of the companies, France, and in guarding their own. The English, with their partipassed through Arragon and Foix, entered Bigorre, and hastened sans, have always acted in this manner, and have never refused nor until he came to the prince, who at that time held his court in the dreaded the combat because they were not in greater numbers. city of Angoulame. When the prince saw him arrive, he gave him It happened then one day, that the French had gained exact infora handsome reception, and thanked him much for the assistance he mation how the English had taken the field and were out on an exhad brought. He prevailed with him to be his guest until the corn. cursion, which gave them such spirits that they collected all their panics which had left Normandy (having first sold those fortresses forces, and placed themselves in ambuscade, to fall upon the English which they held there) were come; for the Bretons allowed them to as they returned from the inroad which they had made between pass through their country, provided they behaved themselves well. Mirebeau* and Lusignan.t It was on a broken causeway that the As soon as they were arrived at Angoul6me and in that neighbor- French, to the amount of five hundred men, commanded by the hood, the prince appointed sir Hugh Calverley to be their captain. before-mentioned captains, sir John de Bueil, sirWilliam des Bourdes, They were in the whole, including those who had come with them sir Louis de St. Julien, and Carnet le Breton, advanced to attack from Arragon, two thousand fighting men. The prince immediately them. A sharp engagement ensued, when many were unhorsed; ordered them to march to the estates of the earl of Armagnae'and for the English defended themselves bravely, and fought gallantly the lord d'Albret, to burn and destroy them. In consequence of as long as it lasted. Many valorous actions were performed. Sir this order, they made a very disastrous war, and did great damages. Simon Burley and the earl of Angus proved themselves good knights: but in the end they had the disadvantage, for they were only a handful of men when compared with the French. They were therefore C ~H ~A T ER C~C L v~. defeated, and compelled to fly. The earl saved himself as well as he could, and gained the castle of Lusignan; but sir Simon Burley was THE EARLS OF cAMBRIDGE AND OF PEMBROKE ARRIVE AT ANGOULEME. so closely pursued, and surrounded on the broken causeway near THE PRINCE SENDS TIEM TO OVERRUN THE COUNTY OF PERIGORD. Lusignan, that he was made prisoner by the French: most of his SOME ENGLIStI ARE DEFEATED NEAR TO LUSIGNAN. SOE ENGIII RE DEFEATED NEAR TO LUSINAN. people being killed or taken, for very few escaped. Tan earls of Cambridge and Pembroke remained at St. Male with The French returned to their garrisons rejoiced at the issue of this their troops, as has before been said, until all the free companies of adventure, as was also the king of France when he heard it. Not their party had come through the country with the assent of the duke so the prince of Wales, who was much vexed, and bitterly lamented of Brittany. When they had sufficiently recruited themselves, and the capture of his good knight sir Simon Burley, whom he loved had permission to march, they set out from St. Male, and by easy well, as indeed he had reason; for, to say the truth, he was a most days' journeys arrived at Nantes, where the duke received these expert man-at-arms for his time, very courageous, and had always lords most honorably, and kept them with him for thiee days, which carried himself valiantly for his lord the king of England and his were spent in magnificent feasts. On the fourth day they crossed country. His companions who had been slain or made prisoners on the great river Loire over the bridge at Nantes, and then continued the causeway had behaved equally well; for whose loss the prince their march until they came to Angoulgme, where they found the was in great sorrow, and much enraged. It is a common saying, prince and princess. The prince was much rejoiced at the arrival that one man is worth a hundred, and that a hundred is not worth of his brother the earl of Cambridge and the earl of Pembroke. He one man; for, in truth, it happens, sometimes, that by the good con. inquired after the healths of the king hiis father, the queen, and his duct and courage of one man, a whole country is preserved, while other brothers: to which questions he received satisfactory answers. another person may totally ruin and destroy it. Thus things fre.After they had remained with him three days, and had refreshed quently fall out themselves, the prince ordered them to set out from Angoulgme, to make an excursion into the county of Perigord. The two lords and knights who had come with them from Eng C H A P T E R C C L VI. la.nd instantly made preparations to provide themselves with every- SIR JOHN CHANDOS TAKES TERRIERES. THE EARL OF PERIGORD AND MANY thing that might be necessary. Having taken leave of the prince, OTHER KNIGHTS LAY SIEGE TO REALVILLEt IN QUERCY. they marched off in grand array. They were, in the whole, full three thousand combatants: among these were several knifhts and AFTER this defeat, which happened, as has been related, between squires from Poitou., Saintonge, Limousin, Quercy and iRouergue, squires from Poitou, Saintonge, imousin, Quercy nd nerue, Mirebeau and Lusignan, the English and Poitevins, when they made whom the prince ordered to accompany them. These lords and, whom the prince ordered to accompany them. These lords and any excursions, acted with greater prudence and keptmoru together. men-at-arms entered hostilely the county of Perigordt, which they We will now speak of sir John Chandos, sir Guiscard d'Angle,~ and overran, and did much mischief to it. When they had burnt and destroyed the greater part, they laid siege to a fortress called Bor- * "Mirebeau"-a town in Poiton. 1'"Lusignan" —a town in Poitou, seven leagues from Poitiers. deilles,4 of which two squires of Gascony were governors: they S. "Rltville" —a town of Quercy, on the river Aveyron, about two leagues from Montauban. * In Froissart, it is "le sire de Tarbestonne," which I thins. must be Braddeston. See ~ Sir Guiscard d'Angle was created a peer, by the title of earl of Huntingdon, 1st Rio rugdale's Baronage. It. te was also a knight of the Garter, whichs dignity he received for having been inJ Chtteau Gontier —a town in Anjou, diocese of Angers. tmusneatal to the ma;iage of the date of Lancaster with a daughter of don Pedro e t ~ordeilles —a town in Perigord, diocese of Perigueux. Adi e r CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. Il others who were in Montauban, seven leagues distant from Toulouse, business through the kingdom by his harangues. In addition: and who made frequent sallies from that place very much to their this, the king of France, moved by devotion and humility, ordered honor. However, while they were there, they thought they could frequent processions of the whole clergy: when he himself, as well employ their time more profitably than in guarding the frontiers, and as the queen, attended without stockings: and bare-footed. In this in consequence determined to lay siege to Terrinres in the Toulousin. manner, they went praying and supplicating God to listen to them, They made therefore every necessary preparation, and, marching and to the necessities of the kingdom of' France, which had Lcen from Montauban in grand array, came to Terribres. The whole for so long a time under tribulation. The king ordered all the subarmy being arrived, it was surrounded closely; for they depended jects of his realm to do the same, by the advice of the prelates and on gaining it by means of mines, as it could not easily be taken by churchmen. assault. Their miners were set to work, who labored so well that at The king of England acted in a similar manner in his kingdom. the end of fifteen days they took the town; all who were in it were There was at that time a bishop of London* who made several long killed, and the place pillaged and destroyed. In this excursion, they and fine sermons: he demonstrated and preached in these sermons, had intended to take another town, three leagues from Toulouse, that the king of France had most unjustly renewed the war, and called Laval, and had placed an ambuscade in a wood near that that it was against right and reason, as he plainly showed in different place. They advanced with about forty men, armed, but dressed in points and articles. In truth, it was but proper, that both kings, peasant's clothes. They were, however, disappointed by a country since they were determined on war, should explain and make clear boy, who, following their footsteps, discovered their intentions; by to their subjects the cause of the quarrel, that they might understand which means they failed, and returned to Montauban. it, and have the better will to assist their kings; to which purpose The earl of Perigord, the earl de Comminges, the earl de l'Isle, they were all equally alert in the two kingdoms. the viscount de Carmaing, the viscount de Brunikel, the viscount de The king of England had sent to Brabant and Hainault, to learn Talar, the viscount de Murendon, the viscount de Laustre, sir Ber- if he could have any assistance from either of them; and had fre. trand de Tharide, the lord de la Barde, the lord de Pincornet, sir quently, on account of his near connection, requested duke Albert, Perducas d'Albret, the little Mechin, the bourg de Breteuil, Aime- who at that time governed the country for his brother, to allow him mon d,'Ortige, Jacquet de Bray, Perrot de Savoye, and Arnaudon de to pass through his territories, or to remain there, if there shou'ld be Pans, took the field about this period. There were among these free occasion, and to enter through his country the kingdom of France, to companies full ten thousand fighting men, By orders from the duke carry the war into the heart of it. of Anjou, who at that time resided in Toulouse, they entered Quercy Duke Albert would willingly have complied with the requests of in great force, where they brought on much tribulation by burning the king of England, his uncle, and of queen Philippa his aunt, and destroying the whole country. They advanced to Realville, through the mediation and advice of lord Edward de Gueldres, who wherein they besieged the high steward of Quercy, who had before was of the king's party, anti also by means of the duke of Juliers provided it with everything necessary for the defence of a town, and his cousin-german, but he had been already gained, as you will hear. with good English soldiers, who had resolved never to surrender These two were in those times strictly connected, by faith and but with their lives: notwithstanding the inhabitants were well in- homage, to the king of England, who had desired each of them to dlined to the French. engage for him as many as a thousand lances, for which they should During the time these knights and barons of France were besieg- be well satisfied. On this account, these two lords would have ing this town, they sent to Toulouse for four great engines, which been very glad to have had duke Albert in alliance with the king of were immediately brought thither. They were pointed against the England. The duke was much tempted to join them by the magniwalls of Rbalville, into which they flung night and day large stones ficent presents which the king offered to make him; which promises and pieces of timber that did much mischief and weakened it. They were frequently repeated by these two lords, as well as by other had also miners with them, whom they set to work, and who boasted knights whom he sent over to him, and principally by the lord de that in a short time they would take the town. The English, how- Cominest, who chiefly on this account had returned to Hainault, ever, behaved like good and brave men, supported each other, and after having resided some time with the king. But the king of in appearance held these miners very cheap. France and his council had gained over the lord John de Verchin, seneschal of Hainault, who governed the whole country. He was a wise man, a valiant knight, and a good Frenchman This high steward had so much weight, and was so beloved by the duke and CHAPTER CCLVII. duchess, that he overset all the expectations of the English, with the T~IE ARCHBISHOP OF TOULOUSE TURNS TIHE CITY OF CAHORS AND SEVERAL assistance of the earl of Blois, sir John de Blois his brother, Ihe OTHER TOWNS TO THE PARTY OF THE KING OF FRANCE. THE DUKES OF lords de Ligny and de Barbanqon, and exerted himself so that duke GUELDRES AND OF JULIERS SEND DEFIANCES TO THE KING OF FRANCE. Albert and the whole country remained neuter, and would not take WHILE the French men-at-arms were thus quartering tlemselves either side, which was the answer made by the lady Jane duchess in Quercy, and upon the borders of Limousin and Auvergne, the duke of Brabant. of Berry was in another part of this last province, where he had a King Charles of France, whlo was wise and artful, hads taken the large body of men-at-arms, under sir John d'Armagnac, his brother- previous measures, and settled all this business three years t before. in-law, the lord John de Villemur, Roger de Beaufort, the lord do He well knew that he had good friends in Hainailt and Brabant, Beaujeu, the lords de Villars, de Sergnac, de Calencon, sir Griffon de especially among the greater part of the counsellors of the principal Montagu, sir Hugh Dauphin, and a great many other good knights. noblemen. In order to put a better color on his war, he had colies They made inroads on the confines of Rouerggue, Quercy, and LiThey made inroads on the confines of Ronerg~ue, Quercy, and Li- made by learned men of different papers relative to the peace, whlich mousin, and carried ruin and devastation wherever they went, for were signed at Calais, in which he stated all the facts in Il favor, we-re signed at Calais, in which he stated all the facts in his favor, nothing was able to stand before them. By the advice of the duke nothing was able to stand before them. By the advice of the dukie and those articles the king of England and his children had sworn to of Berry, the duke of Anjou sent the archbishop of Toulouse from maintain, and to which they had submitted by sealed deeds, with that city, during the time these armies were overrunning the country, the orders which they ought in consequence to have given to their to the city of Cahors, of which place his brother was bishop. This subjects: in short, all the points and articles which were favorable archbishop was a very learned clerk, as well as a valiant man. He to him, and condemned the actions of the English. These ipapers preached up this quarrel of the king of France so earnestly, and so were made public in the town halls, and in the presence of ditlkront were made public in the, town halls, and in the presence of different well, that the city of Cahors turned to the French side: and the noblemen and their counselors, that they might be fully informed on inhabitants swore that from this time forth they would be loyal and the subject. faithful subjects to the king of France. After this, the archbishop On the other hand, the king of England acted in like manner; continued his journey through the country, preaching everywhere, for he' sent memorials and remonstrances through Germany, oe with such good success, the rights of the king of France, that all tie wherever he expecte to gain assistance. The duke of Gueldres people of those parts embraced his opinions; and upward of sixty (who was nephew to the king of England, being the son of his towns, castles, and fortresses were turned to the king of France, with sister, and thus cousin-german to the children of the king,) and the the assistance of the army of the duke of Berry; that is to say, of sir duke of Juliers, were at that time true and loyal Englishmen: they John d'Armagnac and the others who were overrunninlg the country. had been very much affironted by the manner of the king of France He caused also Sigeac, Gaignac, Capedonac, and several other prin- sending his challenge by a servant, and rebuked the king for it, cipal towns and strong castles to change sides; for he remonstrated highly blaming both him and his council for this unbecoming form and preached, that the king of France had a good and clear right in of sending it. They said, that war between such great and renowned this quarrel, with such effect, that all who heard him were conV_ * — Dr. Simon'litmtld. -alias Sudbury. —B.ANEs. vinced: besides, naturally in their hearts they were more French *Dr Simon Tihald. alias Sudhury-Darors. t"Lord de Confines." My MSS. have Gommegines. This passage seems very than English, which greatly help~ed this business. much confused. Lofs d Lderners says, in his translsation, thit the lord de Comines was at In like manner, as the archbishop went preaching and renlonstra- the French court, nd came assay to preve, t dsske Albertjoising the king ofEngland.ting on the justice of the quarrel of the king of France along the tThls passae has hes, as D. Suvace expresses it. -' horribly corrupted.' lie had confines of Languedoc, there were in Picardy many prelates and considerable difficulty in settling it, and quotes the parallel passage from twio other copies besides his own text, all varying froom each other. It it not at all clear firom these lawyers who were as active in doing the same duty, by preaching that Comines or Goneineciies svs not o0n the French party as lord Berners represents and converting the people of the cities, large towns, and villages. hin to be, and this appears srnce prohbsble from a former passage, where he is repre. Sir Wiiam des Dormans, in particulatr, distinguished himself by sented as attached to the Frecls party; and, again, at page 411. Mr. Johnes is that preaching this qluarrel of the king of France from city to city, and place uses a third orthography, and spells the namne Comminges, but all three appeas from own o tow, sowisel andably hat ll peple istend toto be the same cameli-Eu. from tow n to town, so wisely and ably that all people listened to Three years. Denys Sauvage suspects it ought to be three months, but gis'es no im willingly; and it was wonderful how well he colored the whole reason for it. 182 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. lords as fth kings of' France and of England should have been varre: he was governor of a town called Carentan,* beyond the fords declared by proper messengers, such as dignified prelates, bishops or of St. Clement in Coutantin, which he held under the king of Na. abbots. Thev added, that the French had not followed this usual varre, being part of his inheritance: sir Eustace was also one of his mode, through pride and presumption. These lords sent their chal- privy counsellors: so that the king of England sent to him,for he binge to the king of France in a handsome manner, as did several was his liege man and knight,) to sound the intentions of the king of other knights of Germany. It was their intention immediately to Navarre. He found him well inclined, and treated so successfully have entered France, and to have done such deeds there as twenty that the king of Navarre, with a small retinue, embarked on board a years should not efface: but their schemes were broken by means ship called the Lynne, and visited the king of England, who was:hey did not expect, as you will hereafter find recorded in this right glad to see him. He entertained him handsomely; and they history. had many conferences together, in which they understood each other so well that, on the return of the king of Navarre, he was to declare war against tue king of France, and to admit English garrisons into ~~~~~CHAPTER CCLVIII. ~ all his castles. C HA PT ER C C V II I. After these engagements and treaties nad been concluded, the TIlE DUKE OF BURGUNDY, BROTHER TO KING CHARLES V. MARRIES THE king of Navarre returned to Cherbourg in Normandy. He was e'. DAUGHTER OF THE EARL OF FLANDERS. THE KING OF ENGLAND corted thither by some of the knights of the household of the king ENTERS INTO NEGOTIATIONS WITH THE KING OF NAVARIRE. and queen of England, who were unfortunate as they came back; IT has been before related how much the king of England solicited for they met some pirates of Normandy that attacked their vessels, for they met some p/rates of Normandy that attacked their vessels, an intriged, during upward of five years, the marrage of his son, and, being the strongest, overpowered them, and killed every person: and intrigued, during upward of fivendeari, the marrongeofhsSnthe gave n urpoersoayoed themad kigo nland wasr person Edmund earl of Cambridge, with the daughter of the earl of Flan- they gave no uates to any one. The ing of Enand was much ders. As the detailed account of the different negotiations would enraged when he heard this but he could not possibly then remedy it. be too long, I shall briefly pass them over: but you must know that Soon after the return of the king of Navarre to Cherbourg, ir the king of England could not by any means whatever obtain from Eustace dArbreticourt (who'had been sent for by the prince of pope Urban V. a dispensaion. As this was absolutely necessary, Wales, and whose heralds had summoned his attendance) took his pope Uarbiange reaindinsspensato. AsThi ar o wla nrsben the marriage remained in suspense. The earl of Flanders being leave, in order to obey the prince. The king parted with him witk solicited, on the other hand, by the king of France, for his brother much regret, but sir Eustace explained his reasons so fully that he the duke of Burgunrdy; and seeing that the marriage not being allowed him to depart. He embarked with his attendants, and sailed likely to take place with England, his daughterought to marry, as for St. Malo, where he landed, and then rode to Nantes, in order to he had not any other children; having also learnt that the countess to pass the river Loire, with the permission of the duke of Brittany of Artois, his mother, was favorable to the duke of Burgundy's suit, and the inhabitants, who as yet had not taken any part in this war. for it was a grand and well assorted alliance; for these reasons he He continued his journey until he arrived in Poitou, at the town of sent noble embassadors to England, to treat with the king for an ac Angoulime, where the prince received him with great pleasure, and quittal of' his engagements between them. shortly afterwards sent him to sir John Chandos and the captal de These embassdors managed the business ably that the king of Buch, who were in Montauban, guarding the frontiers against the England, who always wished to act honorably, assented to the earl French. Sir Eustace, oi his arrival, was most joyfully greeted by n French. Sir Eustace, on his arrival, was most joyfully greeted by Englndwhoalwys ishd t ac honraby, ssetedto he arlhis former companions.t of Flanders' request. They returned, therefore, to Brunges, and re- hs foer companions lated to the earl their lord what they had done. The earl was much pleased at their success. It was not long before the marriage of the CD ~~~~C H A P TER C CLI X duke of Burgundy with the heiress of Flanders was determined on. There were great treaties, agreements and alliances made between THE CONSTABLES OF FRANCE AND OF HIAINAULT UNDERTAKE A GRAND both parties; and it was then told me, that the earl of Flanders, in EXPEDITION TO ATTACK ARIDRES. TIHE FORTRESS OF REALVILLE I3 consideration of this marriage, received upward of fifty thousand TAKEN, AND ALL THE ENGLISH WHO WERE IN IT PUT TO THE SWORD. crowns;* that the towns of Douay and Lille were given up to him, THE knights of Picardy, about this period, were preparing a grand on account of the money which the king of France was to give his expedition of men-at-arms, with the intention of paying a visit to brother on this marriage. The earl of Flanders took possession of those of Ardres4 Sir John Moreau do Fiennes, constahle of France, these towns, put'his own subjects into them, and they were esteemed and sir John Werthin, constable~ of Hainault, were appointed, by as part of Flanders, on account of the sums they were pledged for. order of the king of France, the leaders of it. Their rendezvous was But I know nothing furthur. in the good town of St. Omer. They amounted, in the whole, to a Soon after these arrangements were concluded, they proceeded to thousand lances, knights and squires. These men-at-arms advanced, the marriage, which was celebrated in the city of Ghent. There to show their array, before the fort of Andres, which was well gar. were great feasts at the solemnity of the wedding, and afterwards, risoned with English. They encamped there, and gave out that they which were attended by crowds of lords, barons and knights. The intended to lay siege to it. The English in Ardres were not alarmed, gallant lord of Coucy was there, whose presence was so acceptable but made every necessary preparation to defend themselves, if they at a feast, of which none knew better how to do the honors; it was should be attacked. One day these lords of France and of Hainault for this reason the king of France had sent him thither. After they drew out their army to the field in gay spirit, and in noble array. It had been magnificently entertained, as well with tournaments as was a fine sight to behold the banners of these lords flying before otherwise, they separated, and returned to their homes. them, and the gallant mustel they made. They began an attack, but The king of England, who saw that from this marriage the earl of with little advantage: for many were killed and wounded; and Flanders must become the ally of the king of France, was ignorant nothing gained. According to the information which I then received, whether the earl would take part against him with the duke of Bur- I believe it was on the fifth day they left Ardres, without any other gundy his son, who of course would be his heir to the county of action and each man returned to his own home. Thus was this Flanders, and what treaties had been entered into by the earl with expedition put an end to. the king of France. The king, therefore, was much harder upon the We will now return to what was going forward in a distant part Flemings than before, and harassed them by sea and land, and when- of the Country, amd relmte the siege of Realville in Quercy by the ever he found them in his own country with their merchandise. The French. There were upward of twelve thousand combatants, all king of France was not displeased at this, and would willingly have good men-at-arms; and at two days' march were the duke of Berry, seen a war declared between the Flemings and the English: but the sir John dArmagnac, sir John do Vilemur, the lord de Beaujeu, and sir John d'Airmagnac, sir John de Viilemur, the lord de Beaujeu, and prudent men of Flanders and the citizens of the principal towns were others from Auvergme and Burgundy, in all about three thousand averse to it, for thle commonalties of Flanders maintained the quarrel fighting men, who were ready to advance should there be occasion. fghting men, who were ready to advance should there be occasion. between the two kings to be more just on the part of England than Sir John Chandos, the captal de Buch, sir Guiscard d'Angle, and the of France. other who were gurding the frontiers of Montuban, new well King Edward was gaining friends on all sides, and much need had others who were guarding the frontiers of Montauban, knew well what was passing at Rdalville, and what the strength of their own he of them, from the appearance of the great wars and rebellions that forces in that part of the country consisted of. They found they were were breaking out in his dominions beyond sea. He was given to t strong enough to fight, no to raise te siege: for the earls of CD ~~~~~~~~~~~~~not strong, enough to fight, nor to raise the siege: for the earls of understand, that his cousin king Charles of Navarre, who at that time Cambridge and Pembroke, who were besieging Bourdeilles, would resided in lower Normandy, would join his party; for he hated the riot give up that siege. King of France, on account of some estates which the king of Na- The French had set their miners to work at Rlvile, and by their r~The French had set their miners to work at Re'alville, and by their varre claimed as his inheritance, and which the king of France denied his right to. Counsellors on each side had frequently met, but they * Careaan-a town of Normandy, three leagues fom the sea-const, diocese of could never come to any agreement. The affair had remained in Coutances. this situation, and each was on his guard. The king of Navarre had t From tihe Frdera it would appear, that Charles of Navarre sent two embassadors amply provided his towns and castles in Coutantin, in the coo nty of to aEnilad; for there is a passport for Peter'ierturon, his secretary, and one also for William Dordane, dated the 6th June, 1370. The king's passport.s dated the 12th AuEvweux, as well as his principal towns in Normandy, with all sorts gust, 1370, when. I suppose, he came to England, where he must have remained some of stores: he had filled Cherbourg, where he resided, with men-at- time. for the passport for his return is dated tihe 28th November, 13710. The convention armns, between the two kings is in the Fcedera, to which I refer for further particulars. The, At this mime, sir Eustace d'Ambreticourt was with tme king of Na. king of Navarre, svhen returned to Cherhbomrg, sent other embassadors to England, as ther paessport in the Frdera is dated the lst December. 1370. $'2~dres —a strong town in Picardy, four. leagues t'om Calais. Nearthis place was O One of the fragments or abridgments masse use of by D. Sauvage in his ed. and held the famous interview between Henry VIII. and Francis I. m...deet by im_as " La Chaux." has100.000 crowns. —Es j Sir John Werthin. or Verchin, constable. lie was before smnescha&i CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 183 machines, which cast stones, &c. into it day and night, had harassed them, as they were in such force as to be masters of the country. the garrison so much, they could not sufficiently watch these miners, These men-at-arms entered the lands of the lord de Chauvignv who succeeded in their operations, and flung down a great part of whose lord had lately turned Frenchman, which they burnt and dethe walls; by which means the town was taken, and all the English stroyed without hindrance, except the towns and strongholds. They in it were put to death without mercy, which was a pity, for there came to his principal town of' Brux,* attacked it, and continued the were among them several good squires. The inhabitants were par- attack a whole day with their men-at-arms, but gained nothing. doned on their promising from that time forth to be loyal Frenchmen. They then encamped, and declared they would not thus leave it, The French commanders appointed captains and men-at-arms to for it was to be taken. They rose at daybreak, and, having made guard it, as well as others to give advice in the article of repairs, or everything ready, sounded their trumpets for an assault. The Poitin whatever other business occasion might require. evins and English behig formed into battalions, eacl, lord with his After the conquest of Rdalville, the army dispersed itself over the men under his own banner, they made, on this Saturday, a most countries of Quercy and Rouergue, to get refreshments and recruit fierce attack. It lasted some time: for there were in the town menthemselves. The companies went to the city of Cahors and its at-arms, and some from the companies, who defended themselves as neighborhood. Their leaders were, Aimemon d'Ortige, Perrot de well as they could, as they knew their lives depended upon it. Many, Savoye, le petit Mechin, Jacques de Bray and Arnaudon de Pans, therefore, were the gallant deeds of arms performed. The two high who despoiled the whole country. The earl of Perigord, the earl de stewards of Poitou and Saintonge were anxious to gain the town. l'Isle, the earl de Comminges, the viscount de Carmaing and the They made their archers shoot so quickly that scarcely any one dared other lords returned to their own estates; for sir Hugh Calverley, sir to appear on the walls to defend it. On this Saturday morning, the Robert Briquet, John Tresnelle, Lanut, Naudon de Bagerant, le bourg town of Brux was so vigorously attacked, that it was won at last, Camus, le bourg de l'Esptrre and other captains of these free com- and the gate thrown open for every one to enter it who chose. panies, were carrying on i destructive war there, and had burnt and All the men-at-arms of the viscount were taken: and the lords of ravaged the lands of the earl d'Armagnac and the lord d'Albret. the army had sixteen of them hanged in their armor, from hatred to There was at this time, as high steward of Rouergue, a very val- the viscount, who was not in the country, but with the king of France iant man and good knight, an Englishman, called sir Thomas at Paris. The town was burnt, and the inhabitants lost their all: Whiteval.l He resided in the town and castle of Milhaud,T a day's there were besides very many slain and drowned. The English journey from Montpellier; and notwithstanding the whole country returned to Poitiers with their army, the better to refresh themselves. surrounding it had changed sides, and was conquered, he kept this garrison upward of a year and a half, and also another fortress in Rouergue called Vauclere. He made many expeditions, and differ- CHAPTER CCLXI. ent satlies much to his honor, until sir Bertrand du Guesclin drove in the course of this history. SIR ROBERT KNOLLES IS APPOINTED CAPTAIN OF THE PRINCE'S COMIPANY. aim out, as you will hear related anon in the course of this history. HE CAUSES SIR PEUCAS D'ALBET TO TURN TO THE ENLISH. E no. cAUSES sIR PERDUeAS D'ALI3RET TO TURN TO THE ENCTLISHg. U The town and castle of Bourdeilles still remained besieged. BESlEGES THE FRENCH COMPANIES IN THE FORT OP DURMEL. SIR Robert Knolles resided in Brittany, where he had a fine and C H A ~P T ER c c L x. large estate: he had always been a good and loyal Englishman, and had served under the king of England, and the prince of Wales his THE FREYCH TAKE,LA ROCHE POSAY.~ THE SENESCIHAL OF eOITOU BURNS eldest son, in their different expeditions, by whom he was much AND DESTROYS THE LANDS OP THE LORD DE CHAUVDIGNY, AND TAKES BY loved: having heard that the French were carrying on a disastrous ASSAULT HIS PRINCIPAL TOWtN OF BEUX. war against the prince, and meant to take from him his inheritance Sia John de Buell, sir William des Bourdes, sir Louis de St. Julien of Aquitaine, which he had assisted in gaining for him, he was very and Carnet le Breton, remained on the frontiers of Poitou, with up- much surprised and displeased. He therefore resolved in his own ward of twelve hundred fighting men, and studied night and day by mind to collect as many men-at-arms as he possibly could, and go what means they could take, gain by surprise or otherwise, any with them to serve the prince of Wales at his own cost and cha.rges. towns, castles or fortresses in Poitou. From these measures it hap- As he had resolved, so did he execute: he sent to summon all his pened that they took by scalado a castle called La Roche Posay, at vassals, and to entreat his friends to accompany him. He gathered the entrance of Poitou, on the river Creus, two leagues distant from about sixty men-at-arms, with as many archers of his own dependents La Hayall in Touraine, and tolerably near to Chatelheraut on the and friends, and made his preparations for embarking them on board same river. The whole country was exceedingly alarmed at this; four large vessels, at a town and seaport in Brittany called Conquet.t for the French placed a large garrison in it, repaired the walls, and When all his purveyances had been completed and sent on; board,. amplyprovided it with all sorts of provision, ammunition and artillery. he set out for his castle at Derval,t and followed them, when he When this news was brought to the prince, he was much dis- embarked on board his vessel, perceiving that his people were already pleased; but he could not prevent it. He sent orders to sir Guiscard at sea. He made sail, and arrived at the quay of La Rochelle, where d'Angle, sir Lewis de Harcourt, the lord de Partenay, the lord de the inhabitants gave him a grand entertainment, much against their Pinane, and several others who were at Montauban with sir John inclinations; but they dared not do otherwise. He found there sir Chandos, to return to him directly, as he wanted to employ them in John Devreux, who commanded for the prince of Wales, as high another part of the country. The aforesaid lords, in consequence of steward, sir Thomas Percy being with sir John Chandos. Sir John this command, left Montauban, and journeyed to Angoul6me, where Devreux received sir Robert Knolles with great joy, and entertained'he irince was, who immediately sent them to Poitiers, to guard that him in the best manner he could. Sir Robert remained there two city and defend the frontiers against the French. days, to refresh himself and his people. On the third day, he set There had lately turned to the French party a great baron of Poitou, out, taking the road to Angoulame, and continued his journey unti! called the lord de Chauvigny, viscount de Brux. This town had he arrived there. The prince and princess were exceedingly pleased followed his example, which he had filled with Bretons and men-at- to see sir Robert, and it seemed they could not do enough to show arms: he himself had left the country, and gone to France to the it. The prince appointed him captain of the knightsand squires of king. The prince and all the barons of Poitou were exasperated at his household, out of love to him, and as a reward for his valor atid this defection. The viscount de Rochechouart was also suspected: honor. He ordered them to pay sir Robert the same obedience asand the prince, being informed that he was about to change sides, to himself, which they promised willingly to do. sent for him to Angoul6me, where lhe told him what he had heard. When sir Robert had remained with the prince about five days,. IThle viscount denied it, and excused himself as well as he could: and those who were to accompany him in an expedition were ready, notwithstanding this, he was committed a close prisoner, and re- he was informed to what part it was meant that he should lead them: mained a considerable time in this dangerous situation.. he took his leave of the prince, and set out from Angoulgme well Sir James Audley was at this period high steward of Poitou, a attended by the prince's knights. There were sir Richard de Pont. right sage and valiant knight. He made preparations for, a grand chardon, sir Stephen Cossington, sir Dagloiret,.sir NMle Loring, sir expedition. There were with him sir Guiscard d'Angle, sir Louis William Torceil, sir Hugh Hastings, sir John Trivet, sir Thomas de Harcourt, the lord de Pens, the lord de Partenay, the lord de Despenser, sir Tancon,{ sir Thomas Banaster, sir Nicholas Bond, Pinane, sir Geoffry d'Argenton, sir Maubrun de Linieres, the lord de sir William le Moine, the high steward of' the Ag6nois, sir Baldwin Tannaybouton, sir William de Montaudire, and many other knights Freville, and upward of sixty knights. They amounted in the whole and squires of Poitou. They amounted in the whole to twelve hun- to about sixty men-at-arms, five hundred archers, and as many footr dred lances; and there was also witlh them sir Baldwin Freville, soldiers, all in high spirits, eager to meet the French.!! This small high steward of Saintonge. These lords made Poitiers their place army, of which sir Robert was the leader, advanced toward Agen of rendezvous: from that place they rode in grand array, and ad. to enter Quercy, where the friee companies had quartered themselves,. vanced until they entered Berry, where they began to burn and de- and continued their march until they came to the city of Agen.. stroy the country, and to pillage poor people, to whom they did great damage. They then returned to Touraine. Wherever they passed, *Brux —a town ii Poitou. near Chaunay, diocese of Poitiers. the countries suffered most exceedingly; for none ventured to oppose T Consquet-a seaport, situated five leagues from Brest. This name is much disfigured in all my copies, except in the Lamoignon masumelups,, t Derval —a village between Nantes and Iteanes, thirteen laagues from Nantes. * See note page 181. ~ "Tancon." Q. Sir Richard Taunton. —Bs., Es. t Whiteval. Q. IfnotWhitwell. Barnes calls him sirThomas Wake. II There seems some mistake relative to the number of men-at-arms: for sir Robe~~. $d Milsaud, or Millau —a town is touergue, on the river Tame. brought with him sixty men-at-arms. We must suppose, that many of the prince'es La Roche Posay —a town in Touraine, on the Creuse, noted for its medicinal springs. household were at the time of sir Robert's arval with sir John Chandos or air Jarnsev U La Iaye —four leagues from Chltstelkeraut: Audley, and, though mentioned by name, were not perhaps present. 184. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRAN CE, SPAIN, &c. They halted there a short time to refresh themselves, and to wait for CHAPTER CCJXII. the enemy. While sir Robert made this halt at Agen, he learnt that sir Perducas d'Albret (a famed captain of the free companies, who sIR rOERT KNOLLES AND SIR JOHIN CHAND'S RAITSE THE SIEGC OF DMrr had upward of three hundred men under his command) was in that MEL. THEY LAY SIEGE TO THE CA.,LR OF DOMiiE.* part of the country, and that, through the solicitations uf the duke of DURING the siege of Durmel, there were mo-iy attacks, skirmishes, Anjou, he had embraced the French side. Sir Robert immediately and gallant feats of arms; for they were good and able men, as well sent to him a herald, with other messengers, who managed so well, those who besieged the place as those who defended it. Had they that he consented to meet him at an appointed place in the open not been such skilful soldiers, they could not have held out as tley fields, on the faith of his passport. When.sir Robert met sir Per- did. The English and their partisans who lay btfore it, did not gain ducas d'Albret, he feasted him well, and then by degrees entered much advantage, for they were overpowered in ewo ways: it rained upon the business of his having left the prince. He blamed him very night and day, which hurt both men and horses: added to this, there much for having turned Frenchman, and for quitting the service of a was such a scarcity of provision, they had great difficulty in procu. prince who loved him so much, and who had advanced him to honors. ring wherewithal to satisfy their hunger. A loaf was sold there for Why should I make a long story of it? Sir Robert argued and talked three old groats. They were distressed to obtain any even at such the matter over so ably that sir Perducas d'Albret changed to the a price. Of wines, they had a sufficient quantity, which to them English party, and went over to them with upward of five hundred were of the greatest comfort. In this situation, they remained up. Gascons from the free companies. The duke of Anjou was much ward of five weeks. When they perceived that they made no impres. angered at this when he heard it, and held sir Perducas cheap for sion, nor were likely to take the garrison of Durmel, end that they his breach of promise, as did all the others who were of the French remained there in a very comfortless state, they determined to raise party, and hated the English more than ever. the siege, and to march for the town and castle of Domise, which This news was soon carried to thecity of Cahors, and to the other was situated in a richer country. free companies, who formed a large garrison there, and had done so Sir Robert de Domme, the lord of it, was governor of the town for a considerable time. When their leaders, Aimemon d'Ortige, le and castle; and there was with him a knight, his cousin, called sir petit Mechin, Jacques de Bray, Perrot de Savoye and Arnaudon de Peter Sanglet. These two knights had collected large quantities of Pans, heard that sir Perducas d'Albret had, with his whole company, everything necessaryfrom the low countries, which they had brought gone over to the English, they were very much disheartened and into the town. When the English and Gascons, who were fifteen alarmed. Finding that the city of Cahors was of too great an extent hundred men-at arms, two thousand archers and foot soldiers, arrived for them to hold out against the English, they departed, after having at Domme, they drew up in array, to lay siege to it, and began a brisi given up the town to the bishop and the inhabitants. They went to attack on the place. They pointed large machines against the walls, the priory of Durmel, that was not far distant, which they had forti- and many severe skirmishes and assaults were made on each side fled some time before, and was not difficult to defend. They entered After they had besieged this place for fifteen days, and found theI this place in good order, to wait for their enemies, who came as soon did not gain any advantage, nor were likely to conquer it, but were as they knew they had retired thither: they surrounded it, and made much straitened themselves, they determined to inform the prince ol many a gallant attack: but those within, being tried men-at-arms, Wales of their situation, who was at that time at AngoulGme. Chan and well supplied with everything, made very light of it. As soon dos, the herald, was ordered to carry this message, who immediately as sir John Chandos, sir Thomas Felton, the captal de Buch, sir John set out, and journeyed until he came to Angoulome, where he found de Pommiers, sir Thomas Percy, sir Eustace d'Ambreticourt, and the prince with very few attendants, for all his knights and squires the other knights attached to the prince in Montauban, heard that were away on different expeditions. sir Robert Knolles was besieging the companies in Durmnel, they When the herald, Chandos, was arrived in the presence of the determined to march to his assistance; for it seemed to them that prince, he dropped on his knees, and recommended to him his mas. much glory might be acquired. Upward of three hundred lances ters who had sent him, and whom he had left at the siege of Domme. went from Montauban, leaving behind in garrison full two hundred, He then related their situation most wisely, as he had been ordered under the command of sir Aimery de Chartres, the souldich de to do, and gave the credential letters, which be had brought to the l'Estrade, sir Bernardet d'Albreth, and the lord de Gironde. They prince. The prince listened attentively to all that was told him, and pressed their march to arrive at the siege of Durmel. In their road, said he would consider this subject. He kept the herald with him they came to a tolerably strong French town, called Moissac.* It five days, and, on the sixth, he had letters delivered to him under the was only guarded by the townsmen, for there was not a gentleman prince's seal, who said to him on his departure, "Chandos, salute in it. They sent their scouts to examine the place, who brought from me all our companions." He replied, " Most willingly, my information that it was sufficiently strong, and that without a siege lord." When the herald set out, he took the road through Quercy. they could not well gain it. The leaders immediately called a coun. I will now relate what passed in the army, and what things they did cil, to see what was best to be done; and they resolved in this during the absence of this herald. eouncil, that it should be wrong for them to stop at this place, which would interfere with their intentions regarding Durmel. They there-'ore continued their march: it was but early morning: and they had CHAPTER CCLXIII. not advanced more than a league from the place before they met four carriers' horses laden with provision, who were immediately stopped SIR ROBER.T KNOLLES AND SIR JOHN CHANDOS MARCH FROM DOMME, WITUand seized. They inquired whence they came, and whither they OUT DOING ANYTHING. THEY TARE GAVAcHES,t ROCHEMADOJR,T AmD were going. The carriers truly answered, that they had come from SEVERAL OTHER TOWNS waIICH HAD TURNED TO THE PARTY OF TIm Toulouse, and were going to Moissac, with the intent of selling their FRENCH. provision. They were then questioned as to the state of that town, SOON after Chandos had left his masters at the siege of Domme, and what was the force within it. The carriers, not daring to tell a sir John Chandos, sir Robert Knolles, str Thomas Felton, the captal lie, said, that the town was much distressed by a scarcity, and they de Buch, sir James Audley, and other knights, held a council, and did not believe there were in it provisions for four days, if they should resolved to break up the siege, for they gained nothing, and to be besieged; and that there were no gentlemen in. it, nor had it any make an incursion more into the country, in order to conquer such defenders but the citizens. towns and garrisons as had lately turned to the French, through tke The chiefs then called a council, and determined not to march means of the duke of Berry, and the free companies. They decamped, further till they should have conquered this town. They returned, and marched from Domine, taking the road for Gramat, which imand, keeping the provision for themselves, gave the carriers their mediately surrendered: the inhabitants turned again to the English horses, telling them to go and seek for more. They halted before the moment they camnie before it. The chiefs and the army remained Moissac, and encamped as if they meant to fix their quarters before for three days in Gramat, to refresh themselves, and during that time it for a month: this first day they made preparations seemingly for considered whither they should go next. When they Went away,.:an assault on the following, and pointed their cannon against the they made for a fortress which the companies had newly taken, called,walls. When the inhabitants bf Moissac saw what was going for- Frons. As soon as the garrison perceived the English advancing ward, they were much frightened, knowing they could not long hold with so great a force, and learnt that those of Gramat had become out: for they were in great want of all solrts of provision; they opened English, they also changed their side, and swore that they would be:a treaty with the English knights, which was soon concluded. By faithful to the English; but they lied. The English continued their,it tlhey acknowledged the prince of Wales for their lord, and agreed march, and halted before Roquemadour. The inhabitants had'to hold the town from him for ever, without fraud or treachery. On strongly fortified themselves, not having any inclination to surrender.'which they had peace granted, and nothing was taken from them. The English having well examined the situation of tile town of TSir John Chandos and the other knights, at the request of the inhab- Roquenadour and the countenance of its inhabitants, brought for. )itants, appointed a knight, called sir Robert Mytton,t governor, with ward their engines and artillery, and began to attack it with great:twenty men-at-arms, and forty archers, to be maintained and paid at vivacity and vigor. I can say, that many and sharp were the attac'ks::the expense of the town. They then marched to Durmel, where sir several were slain and wounded by the arrows from those within and Robert Knolles and his army were. There was great joy at their without. This assault lasted one whole day- Toward vespers, the:.afrival, and thus all meeting together again. The new comers united English retired to their camp, with the intention of renewing the with their former friends in pushing on the siege with vigor. * Domme —a town in Perigord. election of Sanlet, on the Dordogne. * Moissac —a town of Quercy. on the Tame, seven leagues from Montauban. 1' Gavaches. I cannot find this in the Gazetteer, and suspect it must be Gramot, a t" Mytton." Barnes calls him Mutton, and quotes' the true use of armolr, in t!1 town in Quercy, election of FigeRc, nearPeyrac. i~,fel of tie lord John Chandos," p. 88. g Rochemador-tRoquemaitour —a town in Quarcy, election of Figeac, near Peyrac, CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &e. 185 attack on the morrow: but during the night those of Roquemadour, attacked them with great vigor. When the companies of Bow. who the preceding day had severely felt the courage of their oppo. deilles saw themselves thus entrapped, they were sensible of their nents, and how hardly they had pushed them, called a council. The folly in pursuing so far: however, they collected themselves in a wisest among them said, that in time they must surrender; and if body like brave men, and began to fight valiantly, and to perform they were taken by assault, they would all be slain, the town burnt such feats of arms as were marvellous to behold. This combat lasted without mercy; and that, weighing the bad and good, they advised upward of two hours: and they annoyed their enemies s xnuch, opening an. immediate treaty with the English. This was soon con- and behaved so gallantly. that the English lords were much delighte..luded. They declared that from that day forward, they would be with them. Sir John Montague proved himself deserving of hie true to the English, which they afterwards solemnly swore to observe. knighthood, by his valor and prowess in attacking the enemy. At They were also obliged to supply the army with fifty horse-load of last, those of the Bourdeilles were entirely defeated: all were killed provisions from the town, during the space of fifteen days, which or made prisoners, for not one of them escaped. Those of the Enwere to be paid for at a certain fixed price: and thus Roquemadour glish who had been taken were rescued. Sir John Montague made obtained peace. the two governors, Ernaudon and Bernardin de Batefol, his prisonThe English continued their march toward Villefranche, in the ers. Toulousin, burning and destroying the flat countries, bringing great During the time of this skirmish, the earls of Cambridge and Pemcalamities on the poor inhabitants, and conquering such towns and broke had advanced to the barriers and gate, which having gained, castles as had changed sides; some by treaty, others by force. They they entered the town, the earl of Cambridge's banner displayed came atlength before Villefranche, which was tolerably well inclosed, before them. Thus did the English conquer Bourdeilles. They and provided with provision and artillery; for all those of the sur- made the inhabitants swear fealty and allegiance to the prince. The rounding flat country had retired into it. They commenced the chiefs ordered the lord de Mucident to remain there as governor, attack, on their arrival, with much intrepidity. During the four days and gave him sixty archers, in addition to his own people. They they lay before it, frequent were the assaults, and many were killed then broke up their encampment, having determined to march to on both sides. The garrison having reflected on their situation, found Angoul6me, to know firom the prince what he wished them next to they could not hold out much longer, and, as there was no appear- do. Thus ended the siege of Bourdeilles; and the lords with their ance of help coming to them, they surrendered to the English, on companies set out on their return. We will now speak of those condition that neither themselves nor their town should receive any knights of England and Gascony, who were making inroads in harm. In this manner did Villefranche, on the borders of Toulouse, Quercy, and of Chandos the herald, and the news he brought from become English; which when told to the duke of Anjou, who was the prince of Wales. at Toulouse, grieved him much. Sir John Chandos appointed governor and captain of Villefranche an English knight, called sir Robert le Roux,* and then continued his march, burning and destroying C H A P T E R C C L X V. the country. SIR ROBERT KNOLLES, SIR JOHN CHANDOS, AND SIR THOMAS FELTON We will now return to the siege of Bourdeilles, and relate how the MARSHAL TREIR MEN, AND RETURN TO THE PRINCE OF WALES. earls of Cambridge and Pembroke persevered in it. As these knights and their army were making incursions on the borders of Rouergue and Quercy, taking towns and castles, and distressing the whole country, Chandos the herald returned. He found CH A P T E R CC LX I V. them before a castle in Quercy, which they had hard pressed. When THE EARLS OF CAMBRIDGE AND OF PEMBROKIE CONQUER THE GARRISON OF they saw the herald, they received him joyfully, and inquired what BOURDEILLES. news he had brought. He told them that his highness the prince'WHILE: these last-mentioned barons and knigh-ts of Elngland, with saluted them all, and was very desirous of seeing them; and at these words he gave them the letters from the prince, which the barons their army, were making excursions and conquests in Roaergue, took and read. They found that, with many assurances of affection Quercy and the Ag6nois, where they continued a considerable time, and friendship, he desired that sir John Chandos, sir Thomas Felton, the siege of Bourdellles was still going on. It had lasted upward of and the captal de duch should return to him at sngoulm e; and nine weeks. All this while there were daily skirmishes, attacks and and the captal de Buch should return to him at Angouleme; and that sir Robert Knohles with his army, and all the free companies, gallant deeds of arms. The besieged had a custom of advancing should remain where they were to continue the war. every day with their whole army without the gate, where they skir- When hee three lords, who wee t chiefs of the ar mished valorously with all comers, and behaved themselves so gal- the prince's orders, they looked at each other, and asked what was lantly that they acquired great praise even from the enemy. The best to be done. With one voice, they addressed themselves to sir garrison remained in this situation some time, and would have con- Robert Knolles, and said, Sir Robert, you see an hear how our:inied so longer, if pride and presumption had not tempted them: Knolles, and said, "Sir Robert, you see and hear how our fored so longer if pride and presumptio an hatried not tempted themy lord the prince orders us back, and directs that you should remain for they were in sufficient numbes, all tried men, with plenty of in this country to be the leader of the army." "My lords," replied si rh Robert, "his highness the prince does me more honor than I could provision, and artillery to defend themselves. The besiegers began sir Robert, "his highess the prince does me more honor than I could to grow weary, notwithstanding they acted much to their honor, for wish. Know, that I will never remain here without you, and that, they considered that their expenses were greater than the conquest if you go I will not stay behind." So they resolved to return all they were attempting was worth. After holding a council, to con- ifyou go I will not stay behind." So they resolved to return all theby were attempting was worth. After holding a council, to con- four to the prince, to learn more fully what were his intentions. sider by what means they could the sooner bring this business to an This grand expedition was broken up: and, when the time of sepaend, they determined to arm all their people by four o'clock in the ration arrivedthey ordered sir educas d'hlbret to the town of merning, and to keep them in their quarters, sending a part of them ration arrived, they ordered sir Perducas d'Albret to the town of mrnng, and to eep them i their quarters, sending a part of them Roquemadour with his company to defend that part of the frontiers to skirmish with the garrison as usual: for the garrison were so eager against the French. The lords then addressed the other free con for these combats, they would frequently march into the open fields panies as follows: Gentlemen, you hear how our lord the prince to engage in them. The English ordered their party to make a feint, panies as follows: " Gentlemen, you hear how our lord the prince to engage in them. The English ordered their party to make a feint, sends for us to come to his presence; for what cause we are as yet and to retreat by degrees toward their own army, as if they were de- ignorant. We wll therefore explain to you what we wish you to do feated, in order to draw them further out, and then a body of cavalry. You will collect all your forces into one body, and was to sally forth, and by getting between them and the town, pre- with them pass the frontiers of Limousin and Auvergfe, to carry the vent them from entering it again. The plan was adopted; for they said, if they could not win the place by this means, they should not war thither; for without war you cannot subsist; and we swear and easily gain it. On the morrow morning they armed themselves, and promise you faithfully, that whatever town, castle or fortress of France sent two hundred to skirmish with the garrison. ye shall take and conquer, wherever it may be situated, and shall be When the companies in Bourdeilles, and their captains Ernaudon besieged in it, we will fly to your assistance, and will cause the and Bernardin, saw them approach, saw them approach, they were very much rejoiced, siege to be raised." Those who heard this promise replied, "It is and dquickly madew themaelves and their men re ady. The re miht well spoken, and we will abide by it; for perhnaps we may be obliged and quickly made themselves and their men ready. There might to have recourse to you." be about seven score young men, active soldiers, who, having or- to have recourse they separtedthe excursion was put an end to dered the gate to be thrown quite open, advanced to their barriers, In this manner they s eparated: the excursion was put an end to and met the English lances and bucklers very handsomely. They by the lords on one side, and the companies on the other. The lords and met the English lances and bucklers very handsomely. They returned to the town of Angoulme, where the prince entertained fought so well that the English gave way, and retreated as they had them handsomely. A short time before, the earls of Cambridge and been ordered; which being observed, those of the garrison ordered them handsomely. A short time before, the earls others, had and their standard to be advanced, crying out at the same time, " By St. of Pembroke, with sir John Montague and several others, had also Anthonys head, we shall take them." On which they attacked returned from Perigord. We will now mention the companies and Anthony's head, we shall take them." On which they attacked men-at-arms who had separated from sir John Chandos, and ho% them with greater fury as they were flying before them, so that some were unhorsed, Wounded or made prisoners. But because they they prospered. were so eager to gain everything, and as the proverb says, "All covet, all lose," they had advanced so far from the town that when they wished to return they could not; for sir John Montague,t who had the command of the ambuscade, which consisted of five hundred chosen men, placed himself between them and the town. He was knighted on the field, by the earl of Cambridge, and directly * Sir Robert le Roux. Barnes calls him sir John Roos. Why not sir Robert Rous t Sir John Montague-nephew and heir to the earl of Salisbury.-BARNXs. 18b G CHRON-ICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. CHAP T ER CCLXVI. Percy, the lord Basset, the lord Willoughby of Eresby, the lord De laware, the lord de la Pole, sir Thomas Grandison, sir Alan Boxhall, THE FREE COMPANI.S ATTACHED TO THE ENGLISH TAKE THE CASTLE OF sir Richard Stury,* and many others; the whole force amounted to BELLEPERCHE,* AND THE MOTHER OF THE DUKE OF BOURBON WHO VAS about five hundred men.at-arms, and as many archers. They marched IN IT. THEY ALSO TAKE THE STRONG CASTLE OF ST. SAUVEURt IN to Dover and its neighborhood. When the transports were ready, BERRY. they embarked, and having a favorable wind, arrived at the strong AMONG the leaders of these companies, there were three squires town of Calais, where they landed, and by little and little disem. from the territories of the prince, who were great captains and val- barked everything which belonged to them. They took up their iant men-at-arms. very enterprising, and determined scalers of for- quarters in the town. tresses. One of them was named Ortingo, another Bernard de Wifle, About this time the king of England sent embassadors to entreat and the third Bernard de la Salle.t These three captains wished most earnestly sir Robert de Namur to assist him in the war, with not to remain long idle, nor without being spoken of for some gallant all the men.at-arms that were dependent on him. Sir Robert, who deed of arms. They marched with their companies into Limousin, had ever been steady and loyal to the English, replied, that he should to refresh themselves. At that time, sir John Devreux was senes- be as soon on his march as was necessary; for having been informed chal and governor of the province for the prince. These three squires, that the king or one of his sons was to be at Calais, to make an having considered what castle they might conquer from France, fixed incursion, the moment he should hear of the duke of Lancaster's upon that of Belleperche, in the Bourbonnois. It was beautiful and arrival, he would summon all his companions, and those whose assist. strong. The mother of the duke of Bourbon, and of the queen of ance he wished for; his arms and everything else being already France, made it her residence. They learnt by their spies that the prepared. good lady was alone, and had not any guards with her except her We will now return to what was passing in Poitou. own household; and that the governor of the castle, making frequent incursions from it, was very far from being, attentive or on his guard. These captains, and such companions whom they had picked out, C H A P T E R C C L X V III. did not let their intentions sleep after they had formed them, but rode day and night, and arrived by break of day at Belleperche, which THE CASTLE OF LA ROCHE SUR YON SURRENDERS TO THE ENGLISH. THI they took by escalade, and the mother of the queen of France who GOVERNOR OF IT PUT TO DEATH, BY ORDERS FROM THE DUKE OF ANJOU was in it. Finding the castle was so strong, and handsome, and in You will remember, that when the herald Chandos brought thJ so rich a country, they declared they would keep it against all oppo- orders from the prince of Wales, the barons and knights of Guiennt, sers. In that same night, they also took another castle, called St. who were upon an expedition in Quercy and Rouergue, returned Sauveur, on the borders of Limousin, and gave it to sir John Dev- with one accord to the town of Angoul6me, where they found the reux. prince, who received them with great joy. Some little time before, News was soon carried to France, that Belleperche was taken by the earls of Cambridge and Pembroke had also returned with their the English, and the mother of the queen made prisoner. The king army, after the conquest of Bourdeilles, as you have before heard. was very much vexed at this, as were the queen and duke of Bour- The lords and barons rejoiced exceedingly at this meeting, and great bon, but they could not better themselves, at least for the present. entertainments were made by them. They considered which way About this time, sir Louis de Sancerre was nominated a marshal of they should next march, to make the most of the season. They France: he was a valiant and hardy knight. Sir Arnoid d'Andreg- found, on examining the country, that there was near the borders of hen was still alive, but so old and worn out with bearing arms, and Anjou a fine and strong castle called la Roche sur Yon, t which was from his former labors, that in truth he could not be of any service, a dependency of Anjou; there they resolved to march, lay siege to nor was he able to do the duties of his office; but he was willing to it, and conquer it if they were able. They made their preparations, carry arms whenever it might be necessary. We will say a little of and set out for that part of the country. They were joined by all the affairs of Picardy, as we have been some time with those of the the barons and knights of Poitou: sir James Audley, the lord de distant parts, and speak of an assembly which was held in the city Pons, the lord de Partenay, sir Louis de Harcourt, sir Guiscard of Ronen. d'Angle, the lord de Pinane, the lord de Tannaybouton, sir Maubran de Linieres, and the s6neschal of La Rochelle, sir Thomas Percy. CHAPTE R CCLXVII. These men-at-arms and gallant company of lords, when they were all assembled, amounted to more than three thousand lances. They THE KING OF FRANCE, INTENDING TO SEND A LARGE NAVAL ARMAMENT TO took the field, and came before the castle of la Roche sur Yon, THE ENGLISII COAST, IS PREVENTED DY THE ARRIVAL OF THE DUKE OF which was well built and strong, with a good garrison, and well pro. LANCASTER AT CALAIS. vided with provisions and artillery. The duke of Anjon had ap. THE king of France, during the summer (1369,) had made great pointed governor a knight called sir John Blondeau, who had under preparations of ships, barges and other vessels in the port of Har- his command many good companions, at the charge and pry of the fleur, with the intent of sending a large force to England, well fur- duke. nished with men-at-arms, knights and squires. His brother, the lord The lords and barons formed the siege in a handsome manner. Philip, duke of Burgundy, was appointed commander of this army, and with great display. They surrounded the castle, for they were which was to destroy all England. The king of France fixed his strong enough to do so, and had ordered from Poitiers and Thouarss residence in the good city of Rouen in order to attend more promptly large engines on carriages, which they pointed against the fort, as to this business. He visited his fleet two or three times every week, well as several cannons and springalls, with which the army was to which he showed much affection. Added to this, his summons provided, and from long custom had always carried with them. They were so extensive that it was wonderful to see the number of men- had also great plenty of provision, which was brought to them daily at-arms who were collected in Vexin, Beauvoisis, and in the neigh- from Poitiers and the adjacent country. Sir John Blondeau, finding borhood of Rouen. Provisions and other stores were so abundantly himself thus besieged by so many good men.at-arms (for almost all brought there, that they would have been sufficient for a voyage to the knights of Aquitaine were there,) and that no aid was likely to Spain or Portugal. The lord de Clisson, who was one of the privy be sent to him, began to be alarmed; he well knew that those lords counsellors to the king, approved not of this expedition to England, would never leave the place until they had won it by fair or foul and did all he could to dissuade the king and his nobles from it. He means. told them, they were not so much accustomed to naval engagements In the army of the earl of Cambridge, with sir John Chandos and as the English, and urged many reasons in support of this, as one the other barons, were some knights from Poitou well acquainted who was better acquainted' with the manners and habits of the Eng. with the governor, and who in former times had been his companions lish, and the state of that country, than many others. Notwithstand. in arms. These knights advanced to the barriers, and upon their ing this, neither the king nor his council would change their mind, faith and assurances held a conversation with him, and talked the but resolved this armament should sail. matter over so ably (for he was not a sensible man, though a valiant The king of England and his son the duke of Lancaster, as well knight,) that he entered into a treaty to deliver up the castle, if he as several of his council, had received information of this army, and were not succored, nor the siege raised, within a month; when he of the intentions of the French to invade and carry the war into was to receive the sum of six thousand francs for the provisions in England. They were much rejoiced at this, and had provided all it. The treaty thus entered into was ratified; and the garrison rethe ports and harbors opposite to Ponthieu and Normandy with suf- mained quiet, under condition, that if the castle was not relieved ficient garrisons of men-at-arms and archers to receive them, if they within a month, it should be surrendered. This being done, the should come. The whole kingdom of England was ready prepared knight sent information of it to the king of France, the dukes of to give them a good reception whenever they should land. The Anjou and of Berry, and to all the lords from whom he expected asking, having determined to send the duke of Lancaster, with a body sistance, in order that he might be secure from any reproaches they of men-at-arms to Calais, immediately named those whom he ordered might cast upon him. Notwithstanding these informations, that the to accompany him. There were the earl of Salisbury, the earl of castle was strong, and absolutely essential to France, on account of Warwick, sir Walter Manny, the lord Roos of Hamlake, sir Henry the provinces of Touraine and Anjou, no relief was sent; so that, when the month was expired, the English lords summoned the gov * Belleperche —a town and abbey on the Garolne, in the diocese of Montauban, near to Castel Sarasin. * Stlurie. Barnes calls him Sterrie; * ollingshed, Sturrie. t St. Sanveur-a village inr Berry, diocese and election of Bourges. t La Roche sur Yeon-a town in Poit-u, on the Yon, eight leagues from Lugon, foul X Q. these three names. One of my MSS. calls the second Bernard de Wiske, and teen from Nantes. o does Barnes.! Thouars —an ancient city of Poitou sixteen league, from Poitiers. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 187 ernor to perform his promise, for which he had given good hostages. gundy. Such were the commands of the king of France, for he was Sir John did not intend to break his engagement: he said to his desirous of combating the English on that side of the water. The companions, " Since the king of France and the duke of Anjou are men-at-arms heard these orders with great joy, and were soon ready. determined to lose this castle, I cannot defend it alone:" he there- The duke of Burgundy with his whole army, took the field, and fore delivered it up to the English, who took possession with great formed his march so as to cross the river Somme at Abbeville. He }oy. The governor received the sum of six thousand francs, as agreed continued until he came to Montreuil-sur-mer,* and from thence to upon for the provision in the castle, which was well worth it: and Hesdint and St. Paul,a where they halted for the rear of the army he and his garrison were escorted to the town of Angers. to join them. Instantly on his arrival, he was arrested by the governor of An- News was brought to the duke of Lancaster, that the French were gers, and thrown into prison; and, as I have heard, was the same on their march to offer him battle; upon which the duke, with his night put into a sack, cast into the river, and drowned by the orders whole army, left Calais, and took up their quarters in the valley of of the duke of Anjou, for having accepted money to surrender a cas- Tournehem. He had not been long there before that gallant knight tie, which had been well provided, and was strong enough to have sir Robert de Namur came in grand array to serve under him, with held out for a year, if the governor had chosen. Thus did the Eng- a hundred lances of good men-at-arms, accompanied with knights lish gain the castle of la Roche sur Yon in Anjou, which they well and squires. The duke of Lancaster was much rejoiced on his garrisoned and strengthened: they then returned to the prince of arrival, and said: "My good uncle, you are heartily welcome; f'o Wales at Angoul6me.. they say that the duke of Burgundy is on his march, and wishes to After the conquest of la Roche sur Yon, which enraged the fight with us." Sir Robert replied, " My lord, by God's help, we French much, the lords, as I have said, returned to Angoulme, will willingly meet him." where the prince gave leave for some to go to their homes. Lord The English found good quarters in the valley of Tournehem, James Audley, the valiant knight and s6neschal of Poitou, went to where they fortified themselves with strong hedges, and there came his residence at Fontenay le Comte, where he was attacked by so daily to them provision in abundance from Calais. Their light horse severe a disorder that it ended his life. The prince and princess scoured the country of Guines, but they gained little; for all the low were exceedingly grieved at this event, as were all the knights and countries had been spoiled, and their most valuable things carried barons of Poitou. His obsequies were performed at Poitiers in a for safety to the adjoining fortresses. The duke of Burgundy arrived most magnificent manner, and were attended by the prince in with all his chivalry, and fixed his quarters at the hill of Tournehem, person.t Soon afterwards, at the request of the barons and knights where his marshals immediately encamped the men-at-arms opposite of Poitou, sir John Chandos, who was constable of Aquitaine, was to where the English lay. appointed s6neschal of Poitou, and went to the city of Poitiers, The French lodged themselves orderly, and without delay: they which he fixed on for his residence. He frequently made excursions took up much ground, and with good reason; for I have had it menupon the French, and kept them under such continual alarms, they tioned to me as a certain fact, that the duke of Burgundy had under never dared to venture abroad but in very large bodies. his command four thousand good knights. You may judge there. About this time, the viscount de Rochechouart obtained his liberty. fore of the great difference between the two armies. Each army The prince of Wales had kept him a prisoner, because he suspected remained in these positions a considerable time without doing any him of' being inclined to the French; but at the solicitations of his thing; for the duke of Burgundy, notwithstanding he was so much friends in Poitou, who were at that time with the prince, he gained superior in force, and had with him, of good men.at-arms, seven to his freedom, and was restored to his estate. When the viscount de one, would not engage without the positive orders of the king of Rochechouart had got his liberty, he went in disguise as speedily as France, his brother, who was not desirous of it. In truth, had the he could to Paris, to the king of France, where he turned French- French come forward to battle, the English would not have refused man, and then came back to his estate, without any one being it; for they were daily drawn out, and in readiness to receive them. informed of the matter. Having placed Thibaut du Pont, a Breton They had made every preparation, and each person knew what he and expert man-at arms, in his castle, he directly sent his challenge was to do, should the enemy show any inclination to fight: but be-. to the prince of Wales, against whom he kept up a vigorous warfare. cause they were so small a body, and so well fortified, they would not foolishly lose an advantage by quitting their camp. Some knights advanced from each army to skirmish; and, as usual in such ca'mesA C H A P T E R C C L XX. sometimes one side gained, and sometimes the other. The earl of Flanders, at this time, was very anxious for the honor THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY MARCHES FROM THE CITY OF ROUEN, WITH and reputation of the duke of Burgundy, his son-in-law: he resided in a TIIE INTENTION OF COMBATING THE DUKE OF LANCASTER AND TIlE handsome house which he had lately built near to Ghent: he frequently ENGLISH. THE TWO ARMIES ARE ENCAMPED OPPOSITE TO EACHC heard from or sent to the duke, by messengers who were constantlv OTHER i AT TOURNEHE.t employed on this service. The earl strongly advised his son-in-law, WHEN the duke of Lancaster was arrived at Calais, as has been for his own honor, not to exceed, on any account, the orders which before mentioned, and had refreshed his army a little, he was not he had received from his brother the king of France, or from his willing to remain there without performing some warlike deeds upon council. the French: he therefore marched out with his two marshals and We will now return to the affairs of the distant provinces, where full three hundred lances, with as many archers. They passed the knights had firequently more employment, and met with adven through Guines,~ and continued their march until they had crossed the tures in greater abundance than anywhere else, on account of the river Dostre, and overran that whole country. They turned toward war being carried on more vigorously. the abbey of Liques,ll where they collected a large booty, which they brought safe with them to Calais. On another day, he made an excursion toward Boulogne, where he did much damage to the flat CHAPTER CCLXX. countries. The count Guy de St. Pol and sir Galeran his son were at the time in the city of Terouenne, with many men.at-arms; but SIR JOHN CtIANDOS DOES GREAT MISCHIEF TO THE PROVINCE OF ANJOU. they made no sally against the English, when they were on these HE DESPOILS THE ESTATES OF THE VISCOUNT DE ROCHECHOUART, expeditions, for they did not think themselves sufficiently strong to EXCEPT THE FORTRESSES AND STRONGHOLDS. oppose them in the field. DURING the time of this expedition to Tournehem, and in that News was brought to the king of France, who at that time was neighborhood, some feats of arms were performed in Poitou, which holding his court at Rouen in the greatest pomp and magnificence, ought not to be forgotten. Sir John Chandos, being sdneschal of that the duke of Lancaster was come to Calais, and that from thence Poitou, and a hardy and valiant knight, had a great desire to meet he was daily making inroads into France. When the king and his the French: he therefore did not remain long idle, but collected, council heard this, their, minds were occupied on a different subject; during the time he passed at Poitiers, a body of men-at-arms, Eng for this same week the duke of Burgundy was to embark with his lish and Poitevins, and said he would make an excursion with them whole army, consisting of upward of three thousand fighting men, toward Anjou, and return by Touraine, to look at the French who to invade England. The king demanded from his prelates and were assembled in those parts. He sent information of the expedi council what was best to be done, supposing the English had crossed tion he meditated to the earl of Pembroke,~i who was in garrison at: the sea, whether to advance to them and offer battle, or to continue Mortagne-sur-merll with two hundred lances. their plan of operation for the invasion of England. This last pro. The earl was much pleased with this intelligence, and would wit. position was given up, and orders sent to the French army to break lingly have been of the party; but his attendants and some knights up their quarters in and near Rouen as soon as possible, and to pre. of his cruncil prevented himn, by saying: "My lord, you are a young upare everything for marching toward Calais with the duke of Bur- and noble knight, formed to excel: if you at this moment unite et lC -a -~~ ~ ci tn 1V eo olyourself with sir John Chandos and his army, he will obtain all the F ontyelay les Comte —a city in Poitou, near Ia Vendee, diocese of la Rochelle, glory of the expedition, and you will be only named as his comn. tweanty-ive leagues from Poitiers. t Barnes says this is a mistake-of the son for the father. Sir James Audley, son of lord James Audley, seneschal of Poitou, died in Gascony about this time; and on this * Montreuil-a town in Picardy, seventeen leagues and a half from Calais. tloss, lord James, with the prince's leave, retired to England, where he lived many years. I Itesdin-a strong town in Artois, eighteen leagues and a half from Calais. He slied lii 1386, in the seventy-third year of his age. X St. Paul-a small town in Picardy, diocese of Beaussais. Sir John Chandos was nominated saneschal of Poitou, on lord James retiring to ILord John I-astings, second earl of Pembrolke, only son of the earl mentioned in Eurland. the former part of this history. He was not more than 21 years old at this period, and it $ Tolrnehem —a small town of Artois, bailiwick of St. Omer. teems doubtful whether he had yet succeeded to the title, as the received date of lus Guines —a town in Picardy, two leagues and a half from Calais. father Lawrence's death is 13175, and the events above related took place in 1369. —FDa K Abbey of Lique-diooese of Boilogne-sur-mei. U "Mortagne "-a town in Saintonge, on the Garonnr. 18b CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. panion. It is therefore more proper for you, who are of such high Poitou, having completed the total destruction of the viscount do rank and birth, to act for yourself, and let sir John Chandos do so Rochechouart's estate. In this company were, sir Baldwin de Fran on his part, who is but a knight.bachelor when compared with you." ville, s6neschal of Saintonge, lord Thomas Spencer, lord Thomas These and such like words cooled the ardor of the earl of Pembroke, Percy, the earl of Angus, sir John Orwich,* sir John Harpedon, sil who having no longer any wish to go, sent an excuse to sir John James de Surgeres, sir John Cousins, sir Thomas de St. Alban, sir Chandos. Robert Twiford, sir Simon Ausagre, sir John de Mortain, sir John Sir John would not, however, give up his enterprise, but ordered Touchet, and several others. The English and Poitevins marched his rendezvous at Poitiers; from whence he marched with three on without any thought or precaution, having heard nothing of these hundred lances, knights, and squires, and two hundred archers. In men-at-arms: they had entered Poitou with all their pillage, and this number were lord Thomas Percy, sir Stephen Cossington, sir came, one day about noon, to a village called Puirenon, where they Richard de Pontchardon, sir Eustace d'Ambreticourt, sir Richard halted, after the manner of persons in perfect security. But when Taunton, lord Thomas Spencer, sir NMle Loring, the earl of Angus,* the servants were about to put the horses in the stable, and to pre. sir Thomas Banaster, sir John Trivet, sir William de Montendre, pare the supper, the French, who well knew what they were about, sir Mlaubrins de Linieres, sir Geoffiry d'Argenton, and several other entered the village of Puirenon, with their lances in their rests, knights and squires. These men-at.-arms marched boldly forth and bawling out their cry, " Our Lady, for Sancerre the marshal "t and in good array, as if going upon some grand enterprise, and having then overthrew all they met in the streets. The noise became so passed through the province of Poitou, entered that of Anjou. When violent, that the English ran to the head-quarters with great alarm, they were arrived in that country, they fixed their quarters in the to inform the earl of Pembroke, lord Thomas Percy, sir Baldwin de flat parts of it, and sent out their light divisions to burn and destroy Franville, and the others, that the French had suddenly attacked everything. They did infinite mischief to this rich and fine country, and surprised them. These lords were soon armed, and sallying without any one attempting to prevent them: and they remained out from their hotels, collected their men together; but they could there upward of fifteen days, especially in that part of it called the not all assemble, for the numbers of the French were so considerable Loudunois. They retreated from Anjou down the river Creuse, that the English and Poitevins were overpowered; and, in this first which separates Touraine from Poitou; and sir John Chandos, with attack, more than one hundred and twenty were killed or made pris. his army, entered the lands of the viscount Rochechouart, where oners. The earl of Pembroke and some knights had no other everything, except the fortresses, was ruined. They advanced to remedy but to retire, as quickly as they could, into an unembattled the town of Rochechouart, and vigorously assaulted it, but without house, which belonged to the knights-templars, without a moat, and effect; for there were excellent men-at-arms within it, commanded only inclosed with a stone wall. All who could get there in time by Thibault du Pont and ielyons de Talay, who prevented it from enough shut themselves in: the greater part of the others were being taken or injured, slain or made prisoners, and their arms and horses taken. The earl The English continued their march to Chauvigny,t where sir John of Pembroke lost all his plate. Chandos received information that the lord Louis de Sancerre, mar- The French, who closely pursued them, finding those who could shal of France, with a great body of men-at-arms, were at la Hayet get together had shut themselves up in this house, were much in Touraine. He was very desirous to march that way, and sent in rejoiced, saying among themselves: They mrust be our prisoners, great haste to the earl of Pembroke to signify his intentions, and to for they cannot escape; and we will make them dearly repay the beg of him to accompany him to la Haye in Touraine, and that he damage they have done in Anjou and Touraine." On which, they would meet him at Chatelheraut.~ Chandos the herald was the advanced to this house in regular order, and with a good will to bearer of this message. IIe found the earl of Pembroke at Mor- assault it: when they were come thither, it was evening: after they tagne, busily engaged in mustering his men, and preparing, as it had examined it narrowly on all sides, to see if it might be easily appeared, to make an excursion. He excused himself a second time, taken, they began the attack, in which were performed many gallant by the advice of his council, saying he could not accompany him. deeds of arms, for the French were all well tried men. They made The herald, on his return, found his master and the army at Chatel. different attempts on this house, which was very strong, and gave heraut, to whom he delivered his answer. When sir John Chandos the earl of Pembroke and his men enough to do; for the English heard it, he was very melancholy, knowing that pride and presump- being so few, labored hard to defend themselves, as it was to them tion had made the earl refuse to be a party in the expedition, and of the utmost consequence. Scaling ladders were brought, and only replied,'" God's will be done." He dismissed the greater part fixed against the walls, which some bold adventurers mounted, with of his army, who separated, and he, with his attendants, returned to their shields over their heads to shelter themselves from stones and Poitiers. arrows; but when they were got to the top they had done nothing, for they found there, ready to receive them, knights, squires, men-at. C H APTER C CLXXI. arms, with lances and swords, with which they handsomely fought hand to hand, and made them descend much quicker than they had THE aORD LOUIS DE SANCERtE SURPRISES TaE EARL OF'EMBROrE. SEVE- mounted. Add to this, that there were English archers intermixed RAL OF HIS MEN ARE SLAIN AND THE EARL IS BESIEGED IN A HOUSE with these men.at-arms, at two feet distance on the -walls, who shot AT' PUIRENON. so well that the French beneath suffered much. WE will now relate how the earl of Pembroke prospered. As The English continued under constant alarm, repelling these at. noon as he knew that sir John Chandos had disbanded his army, and tacks until night, when the French, tired with fighting and fatigue; was returned to Poitiers, he assembled his olvn forces, which con- sounded their trumpets for the retreat, saying they had done enough nisted of three hundred English and Poitevins, and marched from for one day, but that they would return to the attack on the morrow; Mortagne. He was joined by some knights and squires of Poitou adding, that, as they could not escape from them, they would starve and Saintonge, as well as by some English knights that had been in them to surrender. They returned to their quarters in high spirits, sir John Chandos's army. These men-at-arms, therefore, advanced and made merry, having placed a strong guard in fr'ont of the house nnder the command of the earl of Pembroke, and took the direct to be more secure of their enemies. It will readily be believed that road to where sir John Chandos had been, burning and despoiling the earl of Pembroke and those who were thus blockaded were nol all those parts of Anjou which the first had left, or which had been much at their ease: they were aware that this house was not of suf ransomed. They halted to refresh themselves in the Loudunois, ficientstrength to holdout I6ng against so many men-at-arms. It was and then took the road for the lands of the viscount Rochechouart, as badly provided with artillery, to their great sorrow, as with proto which they did great damage. vision; but this last was not of much consequence, for they could The French who were in garrison on the frontiers of Touraine, well fast a day and night, if' necessary, in defending themselves. Anjou, and Poitou, consisting of a large body of men-at-arms, When it wa's dark, they entreated a squire, an expert soldier, and heard the whole truth of these two excursions, and how the earl of in whom they placed great confidence, to set out directly by a posterm, Pembroke, who was a young man, would not, through pride, serve and ride as fast as he could to Poitiers, to inform sir John Chandos under sir John Chandos. They therefore resolved to conquer him, and his friends how awkwardly they were situated, and to beg if they could; for they thought they should more easily defeat him they would come to their assistance; in the hopes of which they than sir John Chandos. They made, in consequence, a secret levy would hold out until noon; and, if he made haste, he might easily of their forces from all their garrisons; and sir Louis de Sancerre, make this journey by early morning. The squire, who perceived the marshal of France, took the command of them. They marched all extreme danger in which all the lords were, very cheerfully under. night to la Roche-posayll in Poitou, which was in the French interest. took it, but boasted a little too much of his knowledge of the roads. There were in this expedition sir Robert de Sancerre, cousin to the He set out about midnight by a postern gate, and took the straight marshal, sir John de Vienne, sir John de Bueil, sir William des road, as he thought for Poitiers; but it so fell out, that during the Bourdes, sir Louis de St. Julien, and Carnet le Breton; in the whole, whole night he wandered about, before he hit upon the right road. seven hundred fighting men. At daybreak, the French, who were besieging tihe English at PuiThe earl of Pembroke had finished, his excursion, and reentered,renon as you have before heard, sounded their trumpets to arms, saying it would be better to make their attacks in the cool of the morning his heirs kiag oo r t n lof Angus. He und than in the heat of the day. The earl of Pembroke and the knights his heirs held the estates, but the Umphravilles of England (the earl mentioned in the text) grasped at the title for many generatiens. —PmsNK.aTON'S History of Scotlrnd, shut up with him, instead of sleeping, had fortified themselves with eol. i. p. 7. whatever they could find, making use even of benches and stones, 1 "Chauvigny" —a town in Poitou, six leagues trom Poitiers. t "La liaye" —a town in TonRaine, on the Creuse. *' Sir John Orwich," Q(. Barnes calls him Nile Loring. Why notNorwich. "Ch.telheraut" —a town in Poitmu, on the Vienne t And cried their cryes, "Our lady of Sanxerre for the marshal of Frauncee, —LoRa il "La Roehe-posay"-a town in Touraine, on the Crease. BIkNrIRs. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &e. I9 which they had carried to the top of the walls. They found the French When sir Louis de Sancerre, sir John de Vienne, Ah, Jeta de Beuil, were preparing to renew the attack, and comforted each one upon it. and the others who were present, heard this, the best informed Some time before sunrise, the French were ready, when they marched among them said, "Our men are tired and worn down by their asby companies, and with great vigor, to the assault of the h6tel. They saults upon the English, yesterday and to-day: it will be much wiser acquitted themselves too well, and having brought scaling ladders, for us to make a handsome retreat with all we have gained, and our placed them against the walls, mounting them with the utmost eager-. prisoners, than to wait the arrival of sir John Chandos and his comness, covered by their shields, otherwise they would not have yen- pany, who are quite fresh; for we may lose more than we can gain." tured: it was held highly honorable to those who mounted the first, This plan was immediately followed, for there was not a moment to as in truth it was a very brave act. The English were not idle nor lose: the trumpets were ordered to sound a retreat: their men as. faint-hearted in their own defence, but fought marvellously well, and sembled in a body, and, having sent off their baggage, they themselves flung down upon the shields of the assailants stones and great beams took the road to la Roche-Posay. of wood, with which they beat them so severely, that they killed or The earl of Pembroke and those with him, imagining the French wounded several. They did their duty excellently well, and so small must have had some intelligence, said among themselves: "Chandos a fort was never seen to hold out so long against such a force. This must certainly be on his march, for the French are retreating, not assault continued from early dawn until six o'clock. daring to wait his coming: come, come, let us immediately quit this place and take the road toward Poitiers, and we shall meet him." Those who had horses mounted them; and others went on foot, and CHAPTER CCLXXxII. several'rode double. They thus left Puirenon, following the road to Poitiers: they had scarcely advanced a league before they met sir SR JON CHANDOS COMES TO THE ASSISTANCE OF TE EARL OF PE- John Chandos and his army in the condition I have before told: BROE, BESIEGED IN PIRENON. some on horseback, some on foot, and some riding double. Much BETWEEN six and nine o'clock, after the heat of the attack, the joy was shown on both sides at this meeting; but sir John said, ihe French, indignant that the English had made so long a defence, sent was sorely vexed that he had not been in time to have met the French. orders to all the villagers thereabouts to bring pick-axes and mattocks They rode together conversing for about three leagues, when they to undermine the walls, which was what the English were most afraid took leave of each other and separated. Sir John Chandos returned of. The earl of Pembroke called one of his own squires and said to to Poitiers; the earl of Pembroke to Mortagne, the place he had him, " My friend, mount a horse, and sally out from the back gate, marched from; and the marshal of France and his army to ia Roche. where they will make way for you,* and ride as fast as possible to Posay, where they refreshed themselves and divided their booty; Poitiers to sir John Chandos, to tell him our situation and the immi- they then retired to their garrisons, carrying with them their prisoners, nent danger we are in: recommend me to him by this token." He whom they courteously admitted to ransom, as the French and Eng. then took off his finger a rich ring of gold, adding, " Give him this lish have always been accustomed to act toward each other. from me: he will know it well again." The squire who thought him- We will now return to the armnies in Tournehem; and speak of self much honored by this commission, took the ring, mounted the the death of the most courteous, noble, and liberal queen that reigned best courser he could find, and set-off by the back gate during the in her time, the lady Philippa of Hainault, queen of England and attack, for they opened it for him. He took the road to Poitiers; and, Ireland.* while he was making all the haste he could, the assault was carried on warmly by the French, and as vigorously opposed by the English: CHAPTE CCLXIII. CH AP T ER C CL XX I II. indeed, it behoved them so to do. We will now say something of the first squire, who had left Puire- THE DEATH OF QUEEN PHILIPPA OF ENGLAND: SHE MAKES TH.REE REnon at midnight, and who, having lost his road, had wandered about QUESTS TO THE KING ON IER DEATH-BED. SOMIE FRENCHMEN, HAVING all the night. When it was broad day, he knew his road, and made ATTACKED THE ENGLISH CAMP AT TOURNEHEM, ARE REPULSED BY SIR straight for Poitiers; but, his horse being tired, he did not arrive there ROBERT DE NAHUR. until about nine o'clock, when he dismounted in the square before the DURING the time that such numbers of the noblemen of the king. hotel of sir John Chandos, and immediately entered it, having learnt dom of France were assembled at Tournehem under the command that he was at mass: he approached him, and, falling on his knees, of the duke of Burgundy, and the duke of Lancaster was encamped delivered his message. Sir John Chandos, who had not yet recovered with his army in the valley opposite to them, a circumstance hap. his vexation at the earl of Pembroke's refusal to join him in his expe- pened in England, which, though so very common, was not the less ditions, was not very eager to give him assistance: he coldly said, unfortunate for the king, his children, and the whole kingdom. That "It will be almost impossible for us to get there in time and hear the excellent lady the queen of England (who had done so much good, whole mass." Soon after mass the tables were spread, and dinner and during her whole life had assisted all knights, ladies, and damset out. His servants nsked sir John, if he would dine: "Yes," said sels who had applied to her,t who had had such boundless charity he, " since it is ready," and then entered the hall, where his knights for all mankind, and who had naturally such an affection for the and squires had preceded him with water to wash his hands. As Hainault nation, being the country from which she sprung,) lay at he was thus employed, and before he had sat down to table, the this time dangerously ill at Windsor castle, and her disorder daily second squire from the earl of Pembroke entered the hall, and, hay- increased. ing knelt down, drew the ring from his purse, saying: "Dear sir, my When the good lady perceived her end approaching, she called to lord the earl of Pembroke recommends himself to you by this token, the king, and, extending her right hand from under the bed-clothes, and entreats you most earnestly to come to his assistance, and rescue put it into the right hand of the king, who was very sorrowful at him from the imminent danger he is now in at Puirenon." Sir John heart, and thus spoke: "We have enjoyed our union in happiness, Chandos took the ring, and, having examined it, iknew it well. He peace, and prosperity: I entreat, therefore, of you, that on our sepa. then replied, " It will not be possible for us to arrive there in time, ration you will grant me three requests." The king, with sighs and if they be in the situation you describe." He added, "Come let us dine." * The moost gentyll quene, moost Iyberall, and moost courtesse that ever was quene Sir John seated himself with his knights at table, and ate of the in her dayes, the whiche was the fayre lady Philipp ofHeynault, quene of England and first course: as the second was served, and indeed begun on, sir John Irelande.-LoRr BERNERS. 1 Froissart does not intimate that she waited to be applied to, and indeed his own case Chandos, who had much thought on this business, raised his head, shows that she needed no instigation but her ownl " liberal and most courteous" nature and, looking at his companions, spoke as follows, which gave much to prompt her bounty. The passage is one of the gems of Lord Berners, and is worthy pleasure to those around him: "The earl of Pembroke (a lord of such to be given entire. "There fell in Englande a heuy case and a comon, howbeit it was high birth and ranlk that he has even married a daughter of my nat- rightpyteouse for the kyng, his chllyldren, and all his realme. For the good quene of Englande, that so many good dedes had done in her tyme, and so many knights socoured, rat lord the king of England, and is brother-in-arms as in everything and ladyes and damosels comforted, and had so largely departed of her goodes to her else with my lord of Cambridge,) entreats me so courteously, that it people, and naturally loued always the nanyon of -leynaulte, the countrey where she behoves me to comply with his request to succor and rescue him, if was borne: She fell sicke in the castell of Wyndsore, the which sickenesse contynewed on hersolonge. thait there was no remedye but detlhe. And the good ladye, whanne she it be possible to arrive in time." He then pushed the table from him, on hersolone, tlla.t thae was as ermedye t le. And te good ladye whanne sire knewe and parceyued that there was witll her no remedlye brt dethe, soe desyred to and, rising, said to his knights and squires, "Gentlemen, I am de- peke with the Irynge her husbande, And whan lie was before her sIe put out of hler termined to go to Puirenon." This was heard with joy, and they bedde her right hande and tokethe kynge by his right hande, who was right sorrowfull were soon ready to atternd him. The trumpets sounded, and -every at his hert. Tian she sayd,'Sir, we Ihaue in peace, ioye, and great prosperyte used all man-at-arnims in Poitiers was mounted in the best way he could; for our tyme toguyer. Sir, nowe, I pray you, at sur departyng, that ye will graslte me thre desyres.' The kynge, ryght sorowfully wepynge, saydt,'Maldarne, desyre what ye it had been speedily told abroad, that sir John Chandos was marching wyl, I graunt it.''Sir,' sayd she,'I reuyreyou, firste of all, that all maner of people,., Puirenon, to the assistance of the earl of Pembroke and his army, suche as I haue dault withall in their masxchaundyse, on this syde the see or beyona, who were there besieged by the French. When these knights and that it may please you to pay esery thynge that I owe to theyrm, or to any other. And, squires torok the field, they amounted to upward of two hundred secondly, sir, all such ortdyaunce and premyses as I ane mande to the churrces as well of this countrey as beyondl the see, av!sereas I saue usddse rmy deuocyco, that it lances, and increased every moment. mahey marched with all haste: mye please you to accoasplyssire ard to fistlfy1 the same. Thirnely, sir, I requyre hou that news of this was brought to the French, who had constantly been it may please you to take nose other sepultire, wavhasoeuer it shlall please Gosh to call engagetd at this assault from daybreak until noon, by their spies, who you out ofs this trnansytorie lyfe, but besyde me in W,~estmynster.' ThIe kynge, all wepsaid: " Dear lords, look well to yourselves; for sir John Chandos has yr ge, saydMsilac, I sc'rlrst all your desyt.' eThasn ttie good lidy nnrl qlsene made on her lhe signe of trie crasse, arid ncim'aiuilssied the kynge her hrshande to Gosh, nid marched from Poitiers with upward of two hundred lances, and is Iyhersytingest st5, Thlrossrhs, who was there }hesyeto her. And anone, after, she yelded advancing with great haste and a greater desire to meet with you." up [he spiryte, rise ahisi-be I heleue surely thi slyb' airnels reneyred with great icy rs to ] heuen, tbir in al hier lytB she dyl nleyt.her in t~imn,.l.'h nor dlede thlyng whereb~y to lese hrer * And we shall make you way, says lord Berners, which is more likely thian that the i soul ns itrr as any creature irulde kisowse. T'hus the good lqueee oif Egltr nde rleded in French -ould willingly permit a messenger to depart. time yore of our lorde HaccCLelX, in the vsgylh of our lady in the si"tldt oif August." —Elo 190 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. tears, replied, " Lady, ask: whatever you request shall be granted." CHAPTER CCLXXIV.' My lord, I beg you will acquit me of whatever engagements I may have entered into with merchants for their wares, as well on this as THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY AND HIS ARMY DECAMP WITHOUT 4. BATTLE on the other side of the sea. I beseech you also to fulfil whatever THE DUKE OF LANCASTER RETURNS TO CALAIS. gifts or legacies I may have made, or left to churches, here or on SINCE this last affair, nothing happened worth relating. It was the continent, wherein I have paid my devotions, as well as what I very displeasing to many on both sides that they thus remained so may have left to those of both sexes who have been in my service. long without a battle: every day it was said, " We shall engage to. Thirdly, I entreat that, whenever it shall please God to call you morrow;" but that morrow never came; for, as I have said before, hence, you will not choose any other sepulchre than mine, and that the duke of Burgundy would not act contrary to the orders of the you will lie by my side in the cloisters of Westminster " The king, king. The orders he received were very strict; for there wovre -on in tears, replied, "Lady, I grant them." tinually messengers going from the king to the duke, and!mvn the Soon after, the good lady made the sign of the cross on her breast, and, having recommended to God the king and her youngest son, Thomas, who was _'ff,1[2?\'~'i~l!~['' ii: present, gave up her spirit, which, I firmly believe, was caught by the holy angels and carried to the glory of thing, by thought or deed, that could IiI I s.. with In endanger her losing it. Thus died this ve i had I queen of England, in the year of grace 1369, the vigil of the assumption of the -I t,!e pI Virgin, the 15th of August.,, I a I I Ili ll im Information of this loss was carried to the English army at Tournehem, hincipl which greatly afflicted every one, but i"' __'' 4" particularly the duke of Lancaster. fo the1._ i.n _ed _, _ _''.'- u bak. However, as there is no death but wo what must be passed over and forgot- -'a set fir ten, the English did not neglect to keep up very strict discipline in their i I camp, where they remained a long time ii facing the French. It happened that sd some of the French knights and squires, i seeing the enemy every day before their eyes, held a conversation, and, after discussing the matter, agreed to meet on!, the morrow, at daybreak, to skirmish.i..i..he h te with them, and beat up the guard. There were upward of three hundred knights and squires, the greater part of wet__ them from the Vermandois, Artois, and Corbioi.s, who had entered into this TOMB OF QUEEN PHILIPPA, WESTMINSTER ABBEY. From an Original Drawing. agreement, and, without mentioning it to their marshals, had each informed the other of their intentions. When the morning came for this expe- duke to the king on this subject. At last the duke of Burgundy, as dition, they were all ready armed, mounted, and assembled. They I was then informed, having considered, that he was encamped at a rode forth in this array, nothing doubting of success, and began to very heavy expense, and could not remain so much longer with any make a circuit round the hill of Tournehem, in order to gain an honor; forhe had upward.of four thousand knights, while the enemy advantageous position, and to fall upon one of the wings of the was but a handful in comparison, with whom, however, he had riot English army. fought, nor had had any intentions of so doing: the durke, I say, This wing was allotted to sir Robert de Namur and his people. sent some of his knights to lay his situation before the king, and to Sir Robert had been on guard that night, but toward daybreak had explain to him his wishes. The king thought the duke judged entered his tent, and was then sitting at supper, quite armed, except rightly, and ordered him, on the receipt of his letters, to break up his hnlmet, and the lord Despontin* with him. The French at this his camp, to dismiss his army, and come to Paris, where he himself moment arrived at the quarters of sir Robert, which were also those was going. of some other German and English lords; but the guard very fortu- When the duke received these orders, he sent for the principal nately had not disarmed themselves: they immediately opposed the lords of his army, and told them secretly their contents; saying, Frenchmen who came up spurring and galloping, and checked their " We must break up our camp, for the king sends for us back." career. News soon reached sir Robert that his men were fighting, When it was midnight, those to whom he had given this informa. having been attacked by the French. In an instant, he pushed the tion, having packed up everything, were mounted, and had set fire table from him where he had been seated, and said to the lord Des- to their quarters. At this hour, sir Henry de Sancelle was return. pontin, "Come, come to the assistance of our men." Instantly he ing to his tent, having been on guard with sir Robert de Namur's fixed his helmet on his head. and ordered his banner, which was men, to whom he was attached; and seeing first one, then two, and placed before his tent, to be displayed. Some one said, "My lord, then three fires in the enemy's camp, he said to himself, " These send to the duke of Lancaster, and do not engage without him." French think, perhaps, to surprise us: they have the appearance of He bluntly replied, "Not I: I shall go the shortest way I can to help intending it. Let us go," said he to those near him, " to sir Robmy men. Those may send to my lord of Lancaster who will; but ert's tent, and awaken him, that, should it be so, he may be prepared let all who love me follow me." in time." Sir Henry went thither, and, calling his chamberlains, He then advanced, sword in hand, to meet the enemy: the lord told them, they must instantly awaken sir Robert. They went to Despontin and sir Henry de Sancelle were with him, as well as his his bed-side and sir Henry de Sancelle with them, who awakened other knights, who directly engaged in the battle, having found their him, and told him all that he had seen. Sir Robert made answer, men fighting with the French, in great numbers, and who, to speak "We shall soon hear other news: let dur men be instantly armed truth, ought to have done much this day: but no sooner did they and made ready." He himself was soon armed. When his men perceive sir Robert de Namur marching with his banner than they were drawn up, he had his banner displayed, and marched to the wheeled about and gave up their plan, for they thought the whole tent of the duke of Lancaster, who was arming also, for he had rearmy was ready to fall on them: indeed it was so in different parts ceived similar information. It was not long before the different of the camp, for the sun was now risen. A Vermandois knight was lords came thither, one after another: as they arrived, they were slain under the banner of sir Robert de Namnur, called sir Robert de drawn up and remained quiet without any light. Coulogne, who was much regretted; for he was rich, amiable, and The duke of Lancaster ordered his marshals to march the archers courteous, and an honorable knight in every station. Thus ended to where he hoped the French would make their attack, if tlhey the affair. The French retreated without doing anything more, for came; for he certainly expected a battle. When they had remained they were afraid of greater loss than gain. Sir Robert did not purt at their posts for two hours, and saw no one advancing to them, sue them farther than was wise, but brought back his men when he they were more surprised than before. The duke called to him his found the enemy was quite gone, and returned to his quarters. lords, and asked them what he had best now to do. Some replied one thing, and some another, and each defended his own opinion. * Lord Despontin.: (. Barnes calls him lord of Ponthieu. The duke, perceiving that valiant knight sir Walter Manny, saidl, CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN', &c. And you, sir Walter, what do you advise?" "I do not know," abbey there was a monk who hated the abbot, as he afterwards replied sir Walter, "but, if you will follow my advice, I would showed. It was on account of this hatred which he bore him that draw up my men-at-arms and archers in order of battle, and would he betrayed the abbot and the whole convent, and delivered up the advance slowly; for, as it will soon be day, we shall then see clearly abbey'and the town to sir Louis de St. Julien and to Carnet le Breton. before us." The Duke assented to this proposal: but others were who took possession of it, and made it a strong garrison. Sir John of a contrary opinion, and advised him not to march from where he Chandos was much vexed at St. Salvin being thus surprised, and nol was. This discussion continued until orders were given for some being able to retake it; for, as he was s6neschal of Poitou, he was of the troops of sir Robert de Namur and sir Waleran de Bourne* angry that such a house should have been taken in his government, to mount their horses, because they were lightly accoutred and rode and declared, that if he should live long enough, he would have it well. Thirty horsemen were chosen from the best mounted, and again by some means or other, and make them pay dearly for the insult sent off toward the French camp. they had put upon him. We will now quit Poitou, and return to the While they were gone on this expedition, sir Walter Manny, duke of Lancaster. addressing the duke, said, "My lord, never believe me again, if these French be not fled: mount your horse, and order the others to do the same, that you may pursue them, and I will engage you will C H A P T E R C C L X X V I. have a fine day of it." The duke replied, "Sir Walter, I have THE COUNTY OF ST. POL IN TICARDY IS PILLAGED AND RUINED BY TU2 hitherto always followed the advice of my council, and intend now ENGLISH. SIR. HUGHI DE CHASTILLON IS TAKEN PRISONER. doing so; for I can never believe that so many brave men-at-arms WHEN the duke of Lancaster bad retreated to Calais after the and noble knights would thus run away. Perhaps the fires we see decampment of Tournehem, as has been before related, and had re. may have been lighted to entrap us. Our scouts will soon return, freshed himnself and men for three days, he resolved, by advice of his and then we shall know the truth." As they were thus conversing, council, to draw out his troops, and make an excursion into France. the scouts returned, and confirmed all that sir Walter Manny had His marshals, the earl of Warwick and sir Roger Beauchamp, were thought: they said they had found none but some poor victuallers, ordered to muster the army, which orders they very readily obeyed, who followed the army. Sir Walter Manny gained great credit. for they were desirous of making an inroad on France. The menThe duke went to his tent to disarm: he would that day have dined at-arms and archers marched from Calais in excellent array: every in the French camp, but the fire was too great: he and his men-at- man was apprized what he was to do, and where he was going. arms, however, supped there, and took up their quarters on the moun- The first day's march was only five leagues from Calais. On the tain for the night, and made themselves comfortable with what they morrow, they came before St. Omer, where there were many skirfound there. On the morrow they decamped, and'returned to Calais. mishes at the gates; but the English did not make any long halt: The duke of Burgrundy, when he marched off, made his quarters they continued their march, and that night encamped on the heights at St. Omer, where he and all his army remained until they were of Hersault.* On the third day, they arrived at the city of Teroudisbanded, and every man returned to his home. There was after- enne,t where was the count de St. Pol with a large company of wards much trouble to reassemble them again men-at-arms. The English did not halt, but continued their march, taking the road to Hesdin,t and fixed their quarters at night on a small river. CHAPTER CCLXXV. When the count de St. Pol found that the English were taking the THE EARL OF PEHBOKE, DESIROUS OF AVEGIN HMSELF FOR THE road to his country, he knew they were not going thither for his good, THEEAR OFPEMBROKIE, DESIROUS OF AVENGING HIMSELF FOR THE DEFEAT HE RECEIVED AT PUIRENON, HAKES AN INCURSION TO ANJOU. for they hated him too much: he set out, therefore, in the night, and THE ABBEY OF ST. SALVIN IN POITOU IS BETRAYED TO THE FRENCH, gave the government of the city to the lord de St. Py and sir John AND FORTTIFIED. de Roye;~ and riding hard, he arrived at his town of St. Pol[l The THE s w t t r qeEnglish came before the place very early on the morrow morning, THm same week that the armies quitted Tournehem, the earl of Pembroke (who was in Poitou, and had been much mortified at the and several severe skirmishes happened; but the arrival of the count was fortunate for himself and for the town, as he, with the assistance defeat he had suffered from sir Louis de Sancerre, sir John de Vienne, of those who had accompanied him, prevented the place from being sir John de Bueil and the others at Puirenon, as has been related) re- taken The duke of Lancaster, therefore, and his army refreshed solved to have his revenge, if possible; and for this end he marched themselves at their ease in the county of St. Po, which they over. from Mortagne with his army, which consisted of about two hundred ran, and did great damage to all the flat country. They advanced ran, and did great damage to all the flat country. They advanced lances, and came to Angoul6me, where the prince received him most to the castle of Pernes,~ where the countess dowager resided. courteously. The earl entreated olf him permission to lead another t csl Pre, he e ons dwg eie. courteously. The earl entreated of i permission to lead another They examined well the fort, and the duke sounded the depth of the expedition, and to lend him some of his men, as he was very anxious ditches with a lance: notwithstanding this, they made no attack, to avenge himself of the affronts he had suffered from the French. though though they showed every appearance of it. They made no long The prince, who had much affection for him, immediately granted stay, but continued their march, and went toward Lucheux stay, but continued their march, and went toward Lucheux,** his request. Sir Hugh Calverley was just returned from his excur. handsome town, which belonged to te count. They burnt the t, ~~~~~~~~~~a, handsome town, which belonged to the count. They burnt the sion into the county of Armagnac, with five hundred fighting men; town and without touching the castle, contnued their road for St. 0 1 ~~~~~~~~town, and without touching the castle, containued their road for St. and the prince gave him leave to accompany the earl of Pembroke Riquier.t The English did not march more than three or four in his intended expedition. He also requested the company of sir in his intended expedition. e also requested the company of sir leagues a-day, so that they burnt and destroyed all the countries they Louis de Harcourt, sir Guiscard d'Angle, sir Perceval de Coulogne, passed through. They crossed the river Somme at Blanchetaque the lords de Pons, de Partenay and de Pinane, lord Thomas Percy, below Abbeville, and then entered the country of Vimeu,tt with the sir Richard de Pontchardon, and several knights of the prince's intention of pushing forward to Harfleur on the Seine, in order to household, who willingly accepted the invitation, for they were ready burn the navy of the king of France. for any excursion: so that, when they were assembled, they amounted the count d St. Po, and sir Moreau d Fiennes, constable of to five hundred lances, three hundred archers, and fifteen hundred France, with a large body of men-at-arms, pursued and hovered foot soldiers, armed with pikes and shields, who followed the armyFrnewi algebdofm-tamspuudadhvrd foot soldiers, armed with pikes and shields, who followed the army oabout the English army, so that they could not disperse nor quit the on foot. This army marched, under the command of the earl of straight road, but were obliged to keep in a compact body, to be Pembroke as their leader, and took the road toward Anjou: where ready to combat the French should they be so inclined. In this they no sooner arrived than they began to destroy, and to do every manner they marched through Vimes and the county of Eu: eaterh manner they marched through Vimneu and the county of Eu: enter. damage to the country they passed through, by razing castles and ftbn sho aains t ing the archbishopric of Rouen, they passed Dieppe, and continued forts, bunting such towns as could not hold out against them, and their march until they came before Harfleur, where they fixed their levying contributions on all the flat country as far as Saumurt on h unt e bo arf her t d ter quarters. The count do St. Pol out-marched them, and had entered the Loire. They gained possession of the suburbs, and began an quarters. the town with two hundred lances, at the utmost. The English reassault on the town; but they could not take it, for Sir Robert de o e three days beh redlne, t teums he Elr mained three days before Harfleur, but did nothing: on the fourth, Sancerrre was in it with a large body of men-at-arms, who defended they decamped, and returned through the lands of the lord d'Estoville, it from suffering any damage: all the country round about it, how- they de d, and ut and o the l he ever, was pillaged, burnt, and ruined. - whom they did not love much, and burnt and destroyed the whole or ever, was pillaged, burnt, and ruined. greater part. They then passed tixrough Vexin Normand in their Sir Hugh Calverley and his division advanced to a bridge on the greater part. They then passed through Vexin Normand in their way to Oisemont,~~ to recross the Somme at Blanchetaque. Loire, called Ie Pont de C6;$ when he defeated those who guarded Sir Hugh de Chastillon, master of the cross-bows in France, was it, took the bridge, and placed such a garrison of his own men there, at this time captain and governor of Abbeville When F e heard after he had fortified it well, that they kept possession of it for a long is time captain and governor of Abbeville. When he heard time. The English, in this expedition, took a large abbey at St. er Maur,~ on the Loire, which they repaired and fortified, and placed ersault. Q. If not Herissart; but that seemsto be too great a distance. fTerouenne-is now in ruins. It was taken by Henry VIII. by a stratagem of pointtherein a considerable garrison, which, during the ensuing winter ing wooden guns painted, which were thought to be real ones, and threatened to batter snd summer, did great mischief to the adjacent country. down the town, if not surrendered. At this time, there was in Poitou an abbey, which still exists 5 H strong town in Artois, on the Canche. ~ Two of my MSS. have different names, the lord de Sampy, sir Guy de Roye. One;alled St. Salvin,[[ situated seven leagues from Poitiers; and in this has sir John de Rope. I[ St. Pol-a town in Artois, five leagues firom Headin. SBir Waleran de Bosrnme. (. Barnes calls him Van Beornice. Castle of Pernes —a town in Artois, three leagues from St. Pol. t Saumur —on thle Loire, diocese of Angers. ** Lurheux-a town of Pirardy, near Doulens. ~ Pont do Cd-l'ont de Sd —two leagues from Angers. tI' St. Riquier —an ancient town in Picardy. two leagues and a half from Abbevllia ~ St. Maur —on the Loire, election of Saumur.:t Vimen-in Pirardy, SL Valery is i capital. II t. Salvin —St. Savin —a village in Poitou, election of Poitiers ~~ Oisemont —a market town in Picardy, five Ieagues from Abeseville. 192 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, IRANCE, SPAIN, &c. that the duke of Lancaster was returning that way, he armed himself, ing the horses to their valets, the English descended into the ditch, and ordered twelve of his people to do the same. On mounting their It was then about midnight. They were in this situation, and would horses, he said he was going to view the guard of the gate of Rou- very shortly have succeeded in their expedition, when they heard the vray, that it might not be wanting in defence, and that the English guard of the fort wind his horn. The reason was this. That very should not find it too weakly guarded. It was early in the morning, night Garnet le Breton had come from la Roche-Posay, with forty and there was a thick fog. Sir Nicholas Louvaine, who had been lances, to St. Salvin, to request sir Louis de St. Julien to accompany s6neschal of Ponthieu, and whom, this very year, sir Hugh de Chas. him in an expedition to Poitou: he therefore awakened the guard tillon had taken and ransomed for ten thousand francs, remembered and those within the fort. this so sorely that, having a great desire to recover his losses, he set The English, who were on the opposite side, ignorant of the in. out on the point of day from the duke's army, accompanied by only tentions of this body of Frenchmen wanting to enter the fort, thought twenty men. As he was well acquainted with all the roads and they had been seen by the guard, or that spies had given informa. passes of that country, having resided there for upward of three years, tion of their arrival to the garrison. They immediately left the ditch, he intended lying in ambuscade between Abbeville and the castle of and said, "Let us away; for this night we have been disappointed Rouvray, in the hope of taking some prize: he had crossed a small in our scheme." They mounted their horses, and advanced in a body rivulet which ran through a marsh, and hid himself and men in some to Chauvigny on the river Creuse, two short leagues distant. When old uninhabited houses. all were arrived there, ihe Poitevins asked sir John Chandos if he Sir Hugh never dreamed that the English would form an ambus- wished them to remain with him; he answered, "No: you may re. cade so near the town. Sir Nicholas and his men kept themselves turn in God's name: I will to.day stay in this town." The Poitevery quiet: they perceived sir Hugh de Chastillon riding down the vins departed, and with them some English knights: in all, about road which leads to Rouvray, with only twelve others, armed at all two hundred lances. points, except his helmet, which one of his pages bore on a courser Sir John Chandos entered an hotel, and ordered a fire to be lightedc behind him. He crossed the little rivulet, and made for the gate of Lord Thomas Percy, seneschal of la Rochelle, and his men, remained Rouvray to see what the guard of cross-bowmen were about, and to with him. Lord Thomas asked sir John Chandos if he intended inquire if they had heard or seen the English. When sir Nicholas staying there that day: "Yes," replied sir John; "why do you Louvaine, who was on the watch, saw him, he recognized him ask?" "Because, sir, if you be determined not to go further, I shall directly, and was more rejoiced than if any one had given him twenty beg of you to give me leave to make an excursion, to see if I shall thousand francs. He sallied out firom his ambush, saying, "Follow meet with any adventure." "In the name of God, go then," replied me: here is what I wished for: it is the master of the cross-bows, sir John. At these words, lord Thomas Percy set out, attended by and I ask for nothing better." Then sticking spurs into his horse, about thirty lances. Sir John Chandos remained with his own peo. and pointing his lance, he came upon sir Hugh, crying, " Sunender, ple. Lord Thomas crossed the bridge of Chauvigny, taking the Chastillon, or thou art a dead man." Sir Hugh, who was much puz- longest road to Poitiers, having left sir John Chandos quite lowzled to conjecture whence these men could come, had neither time spirited for having failed in his intended attack on St. Salvin. He to put on his helmet nor to mount his courser: finding himself in continued in the kitchen of the hotel, warming himself at a straw such a strait, he asked, "To whom am I to surrender?" Sir Nich- fire which his herald was making for him, conversing at the same olas replied, "To Louvaine, to Louvaine." In order, therefore, to time with his people, who very readily passed their jokes in hopes of avoid the danger he could not escape from, he said, "I surrender." curing him of his melancholy. After he had remained some time, He was then taken, and told, "Ride on quickly, for the army of the and was preparing to take a little rest, and while he was asking if it duke of Lancaster marches on before us." On this occasion was were yet day, a man entered the hotel, and came before him, saying, slain, a very valiant citizen of Abbeville, called Lawrence Dancons,* " My lord, I bring you news." " What is it?" asked sir John. "My who was much regretted. Thus was taken and entrapped sir Hugh lord, the French have taken the field." " How dost thou know this?" Ae Chastillon, at that time master of the cross-bows in France and " My lord, I set out from St. Salvin with them." "And what road governor of Abbeville, through the good fortune of sir Nicholas Lou- have they taken?" "My lord, that I cannot say for a certainty; tamne: with which capture the duke of Lancaster and the English but it seemed to me they followed the road to Poitiers." "And who,vere much rejoiced. On the other hand, the inhabitants of Abbe- are these French?" "My lord, they are sir Louis de St. Julien and'ille were exceedingly vexed at it; but for the present they could CGarnet le Breton, with their companies." "Well, it is indifferent to no: better themselves. me," replied sir John: "I have not any inclination to exert myself The English marched on, crossed the Somme at Blanchetaque, and this day: they may be met with without my interference." He re. then passed through the towns of Rue-sur-mer and Montreuil-sur-mer, mained a considerable time very thoughtful; after having well con. until they at last arrived at Calais. The duke of Lancaster there dis- sidered, he added: "Notwithstanding what I have just said, I think missed all the foreigners, when sir Waleran de Bourne and the Ger- I shall do right to mount my horse; for at all events, I murst return to mans departed. The duke returned to England, and the Germans to Poitiers, and itwill be soon day." "It is well judged," replied the their own country, as there was not any intention of continuing the war knights who were with him. Sir John ordered everything to be got until the ensuing summer, for now Martinmas was passed: but the duke ready, and his knights having done the same, they mounted and set informed them, that in the approaching spring, he should cross the sea off, taking the road to Poitiers, following the course of the river. with a greater force than he had hitherto done, and should entreat The French might be a good league before them on this same road, his cousins the dukes of Gueldres and Juliers to accompany him into intending to cross the river at the bridge of Lussac.* The English France. We shall now be silent as to the affairs of Picardy, for suspected this from perceiving the tracks of the horses, and said indeed nothing of great moment happened since this time, and return among themselves, "Either the French or lord Thomas Percy are just to Poitou, where warlike deeds were oftener performed. before us." Shortly after this conversation, day appeared; for in the early part of January the mornings begin to be soon light. The French might be about a league from the bridge of Lussac, when CHAPTER CCLXXVIII. they perceived lord Thomas Percy and his men on the other side of the river. Lord Thomas had before seen them, and had set off full SIR JOHN CIIANDOS IS SLAIN IN A SxIMISH. THE FRENCH, AT FIRST vIC. gallop to gain the bridge. They said, "There are the French: they TORIOUS, ARE IN THE END DEFEATED. TOIOUS, ARE I THE END DEFEATED are more in number than we are; let us hasten to take advantage of Sir John Chandos, being s6neschal of Poitou, was seriously afflicted the bridge." When sir Louis and Garnet saw the English on the with the loss of St. Salvin: he was continually devising means to opposite side of the river, they also made haste to gain the bridge. retake it, whether by assault or by escalade was perfectly indifferent to however the English arrived first, and were masters of it. They all him, so that he could gain it. He made many nightly ambuscades, dismounted, and drew themselves up to defend and guard it. The but none succeeded; for sir Louis, who commanded in it, was very French likewise dismounted on their arrival, and giving their horses watchful, as he knew the capture of it had highly angered sir John for the servants to lead them to the rear, took their lances, and ad. Chandos. It happened that, on the night preceding the eve of the vanced in good order to attack the English and win the bridge. The new year (1370,) sir John Chandos, who resided in the city of Poi- English stood firm, although they were so few in comparison with tiers, had sent out his summons to the barons and knights of Poitou the enemy. to come to him as secretly as they could, for he was going on an ex- While the French and Bretons were considering the most advanta. pedition. The Poitevins would not refuse him anything, being much geous manner to begin the onset, sir John Chandos arrived with his beloved by them: they obeyed his summons, and camne to Poitiers. company, his banner displayed and flying in the wind. This was Sir Guiscard d'Angle, sir Louis de Harcourt, the lords de Pens, de borne by a valiant man-at.arms, called James Allen, and was a pile Partenay, do Pinane, de Tannaybouton, sir Geoffry d'Argenton, sir gules on a field argent. They might be about forty lances, who Maubrun de Linieres, lord Thomas Percy, sir Baldwin de Franville, eagerly hastened to meet the French. As the English arrived at a sir Richard de Pontchardon, came thither, with many others. When small hillock, about three furlongs from the bridge, the French ser. they were all assembled, they were full three hundred lances. vants, who were between this hillock and the bridge, saw them, and They left Poitiers in the night, and no one, except the principal being much frightened, said, "Come awasy' let us save ourselves lords, knew whither they were going. The English, however, had and our horses." They therefore ran off, leaving their masters to scaling-ladders and everything they might have occasion for with shift as well as they could. When sir John Chandos, with displayed them. They marched to St. Salvin; and, when there arrived, were banner, was come up to the French, whom he thought very lightly told what was intended; upon which they all dismounted, and, giv. of, he began from horseback to rail at tI em, saying.: "Do you himd, * Dancons. My two MSS. have Deatels. *'" Lusmae" —a town in Poitou. diocete of Poitien. CHRONI CLES OF EN GLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 19o Frenchmen! you are mischievous men-at-arms: you make incur- arm, hit him so severely that it entered as far as the brain, and then sions night and day at your pleasure: you take towns and castles in the squire drew it back to him again. Poitou, of which I am s6neschal You ransom poor people without The great pain was too much for sir John, so he fell to the ground, my 3kave, as if the country were your own; but, by God, it is not. and turned twice over ill great agony, like one who had received Sir Louis, sir Louis, you and Carnet are too much the masters. It his death-wound. Indeed, since the blow, he never uttered a word. ~is upward of a year and a half that I have been endeavoring to meet His people, on seeing this mishap, were like madmen. His uncle, you. Now, thanks to God, I will do so, and will tell you my mind. sir Edward Clifford, hastily advanced, and striding over the body, We will now try which of us is the strongest in this country. It (for the French were endeavoring to get possession of it,) defended has been often told me that you were very desirous of seeing me: it most valiantly, and gave such well-directed blows with his sword you have now that pleasure. I am John Chandos: look at me well; that none dared to approach him. Two other knights, namely, sir and, if God please, we will now put to the proof your great deeds John Chambo and sir Bertrand de Cassilies,* were like men distracted of arms which are so renowned." With such words as these did at seeing their master lie thus on the ground. sir John Chandos greet them: he would not have wished to be any- The Bretons, who were more numerous than the English, were where else so eager was he to fight them. much rejoiced when they saw their chief thus prostrate, and greatly hoped he was mortally wounded. They therefore ad. vanced, crying out, - By God, my lords of England, you will all stay with ">"ir1,''oui a /:a"n'x k t n a ceus, for you cannot.',;.((,~t~~ ~,%.'._..'.))i' now escape." The wer wligtenae odToaPecanthEnglish performed. the_~ bdw vehgit lwipendh fm Ithbdehgte tricate themselves st.uc _ n Enls " nm, — they were in as to revenge their commander, sir John Chandos,. whom they saw in so -XS w~ea i. Tis eragd hm m le than before: he said to the French had had iuirel attached to ma er sir John mared out this James de St. hMartin, who byI~~~~~~~~ ~hadgiven the blow;, he fell upon himo am's netquin such a rage, and / _ -~ struck him with his lance as he was, flying, that he rind him through both This_ o te e o hhhs f r o B ohis thighs, and then lipeysotaasac eheis legswithdrew hislance. however, in spite 5 ~ ~ ~of this, James de whiJ~"~chl~n~2~~ t ime a siaSt. Martin eontin. hat Joa CHnAos at the head of his troops, ia the act of making his death charge on the Freach. Desiganed from various MS. authorities i Percy, who had the Harleiaa and Cottonian Libraries. first arrived at the bridge, had imn. agined anything of Sir Louis and Carnet kept themselves in a close body, as if they what was going forward, sir John Chandos's men would have been were willing to engage. Lord Thomas Percy and the English ot considerably reinforced; but it was otherwise decreed: for not hear. the other side of the bridge knew nothing of what had passed, for ilg anything of the Bretons since he had seen them advancing in a the bridge was very high in the middle, which prevented them from lruge body toward the bridge, he thought they might have retreated;, seeing over it. During this scoffing of sir John Chandos, a Breton so that lord Thomas and his men continued their march, keeping drew Iis sword, and could not resist from beginning the battle: he the road to Poitiers, ignorant of what was passing. struck an English squire, named Simnkin Dodenhale, and beat him Though the English fought so bravely at the bridge of Lussac, in, so much about the breast with his sword that be knocked him off his the end they could not withstand the force of the Bretons and French,.. horse on the ground. Sir John Chandos, who heard the noise be- but were defeated, and the greater part made prisoners. Sir Edward hind him, turned round, and saw his squire on the ground and per- Clifford stood firm, and vould not quit the body of his nephew. If' sons beating him. This enraged him more than before: he said to the French had had their horses, they would have gone off with his men, "Sirs, what are you about? how suffer you this man to be honor, and have carried with them good prisoners; but, as I have * slain? Dismount, dismount:" and at the instant he was on foot, as before said, their servants had gone away with them. Those cf the were all his company. Simkin was rescued, and the battle began. English also had retreated, and quitted the scene of battle They Sir John Chandos, who was a strong and bold knight, and cool in remained therefore in bad plight, which sorely vexed them, and said all his undertakings, had his banner advanced before him, surrounded among themselves, "1 This is a bad piece of business: the field is by his men, with the scutcheon above his arms. He himself was our own, and yet we cannot return through the fault of our servants, dressed in a large robe which fell to the ground, blazoned with his It is not proper for us who are armed and fatigued to march through arms on white sarcenet, argent, a pile gules; one on his breast, and this country on foot, which is quite against us; and we are upward the other on his back; so that he appeared resolved on some adven. of six leagues from the nearest of any of our fortresses. We have,. turous undertaking; and in this state, with sword in hand, he besides, our wounded and slain, whom we cannot leave behind." advanced on foot toward the enemy. As they were in this situation, not knowing what to do, and had This sorning there had boen a hoar-frost, which had made the sent off two or three of the Bretons, disarmed, to hunt after and en. ground slippery; so that as he marched he entangled his leus with vdeavor to find their servats, they perceived advancing toward them,, his obe, which was of the loges, and md a tumble: during sir Guiscrd d'Angle, sir Louis de hircourt, the lords de Parny, which time a squire, called Jasues do St. Martin (a strong export de Tannaybot-ton, d'Argenton, de Pinane, sir James de Surgeres,. that side five years ago, on the heaths of Bordeaux,at the chas'e of their" horses. They came forward, therefore, with displayed ban. a stab: what added to this misfortune, sir John had not put down ners fluttering in the wind, and marchingt in aPdisorderly manner. nis vizor, so that in stumbling he bore upon the lance, and helped it to enter into him. The lance, which had been struck fro m a strnge * boir Joha Cmbro.-sirdJohe Ctssilins.' h. Barnes calls the lapt Cse. 194 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN. &c. The moment the Bretons and French saw them they knew them for their enemies, the barons and knights of Poitou. They there- CHAPT R CCLX IX. fore said to the English: " You see that body of men coming to your THE LORD DE COUCY AND THE LORD DE POMMIERS ARE UNWILLING Tt assistance: we know we cannot withstand them; therefore," calling TAKE ART WITH EITHER SIE IN TiS WAR. THE LORDS ALEVAL each by his name, "you are our prisoners; but we give you your AND DE MARNEIL TURN TO THE FRENCH. liberty, on condition that you take care to keep us company; and we AT this time there were knights ill France greatly hurt at seeing surrender ourselves to you, for we have it more at heart to give our- this war between the two kings carried onr, with increasing vigor; and selves up to you than to those who are coming." They answered, in particular, the lord de Coucy, who was much interested in it, as "God's will be done." The English thus obtained their liberty. The indeed he ought to be, for he held a very large estate in England, as Poitevins soon arrived, with their lances in their rests, shouting their well in his own right as in that of his wife, who was daughter of md war-cries; but the Bretons and French, retreating on one side, said, king of England; which estate it would be necessary for him to re. "Holla! stop my lords: we are prisoners already." The English nounce, if he wished to serve the king of France, whose kinsman testified to the truth of this by adding, "It is so: they belong to us." and countryman he was: he therefore thought it most profitable to Carnet was prisoner to sir Bertrand de Cassilies, and sir Louis de St. dissemble between the two kings, and to travel to foreign parts. He Julien to sir John Chambo: there was not one who had not his very wisely took all his measures; and, having obtained leave of the master; king of France, he set out with few attendants, and went to Savoy, These barons and knights of Poitou were struck with grief when where he was handsomely received by the earl, barons and knights they saw their s6neschal, sir John Chandos, lying in so doleful a way, of that country. When he had remained there as long as he judged and not able to speak. They began grievously to lament his loss, proper, he departed, and, continuing his road, entered Lombardy, saying, "Flower of knighthood! oh, sir John Chandos! cursed be visited the lords of Milan, the lords Galeas and lord Barnabo Visconti, the forging of that lance which wounded thee, and which has thus when at first he was made heartily welcome by them. In like man. endangered thy life." Those who were around the body most ten- ner did sir Aimemon de Pommiers, who was one of the prince's derly bewailed him, which he heard, and answered with groans, but knights, quit the duchy of Aquitaine. He declared, that during the could not articulate a word. They rung their hands, and tore their war, he would not bear arms for one side nor the other. This knight hair, uttering cries and complaints, more especially those who be- crossed the sea to Cyprus. He visited the holy sepulchre, and trav. longed to his household. elled to several other places. At this period, sir John de Bourbon* Sit John Chandos was disarmed very gently by his own servants, came to Paris. He held some lands of the prince; and the king of laid upon shields and targets, and carried at a foot's pace to Morte- France would have gladly seen him return the homage to the prince, ner, the nearest fort to the place where they were. The other barons but the count de la Marche would not listen to it. The lord de and knights returned to Poitiers, carrying with them their prisoners. Pierre Buffiere, a Limousin knight at that time at Paris, followed his I heard that James Martin, he who had wounded sir John Chandos, example. But the two other barons and great lords in Limousin un. suffered so much fronm his wounds that he died at Poitiers. That fortunately acted otherwise: sir Louis de Maleval and sir Raymond gallant knight only survived one day and night. God have mercy on de Marneil his nephew, who being at Paris turned Frenchmen, and his soul! for never since a hundred years did there exist among the from their fortresses afterwards made a disastrous war on the prince. English one nmore courteous, nor fuller of every virtue and good The king of England and his council were much vexed at this; for quality than him. it appeared that the barons and knights of Guienne thus changed their When the prince, princess, earls of Cambridge and Pembroke, and sides without any constraint, and of their own free will. The king the other English knights in Guienne heard of this event, they were therefore, by the advice of his council, ordered letters to be written eompletely disconcerted, and said, they had now lost everything on and sealed with his seal, which he ordered to be sent by two or three:..oth sides of the sea. Sir John was sincerely regretted by his friends of his knights, into Poitou and Aquitaine, to publish them in all the,of each sex: and some lords of France bewailed his loss. Thus it cities, castles and principal towns.!~happens through life. The English loved him for all the excellent At this time, sir Caponnel de Caponnal was delivered from his prison -qualities he was possessed of. The French hated him because they at Agen, in exchange for one of the prince's knights, by name Thomas,were afraid of him. Not but that I have heard him at the time Banaster, who had been taken in a skirmish before Perigord. But.;kegretted by renowned knights in France; for they said it was a great the counsellor of state who had been sent with him remained prisoner:pity he was slain, and that, if he could have been taken prisoner, he in Agen, and sir Caponnel returned to France. We will report the,was so wise and full of devices, he would have found some means of letter which the king of England sent into Aquitaine. establishing a peace between France and England; and was so much:1beloved by the king of England and his court, that they would have'be!ieved what he should have said in preference to all others. Thus CHAPTER CCLXXX. were the French and English greater losers by his death, for never,have I heard otherwise; but the English the most, for by his valor THE FORM OF THE LETTER WHICH THE ENGLISH KING SENT INTO AQU~~~~n ~~~~TAINE. CtIATELHERAUT IS TAKEN BY THE FRENCHI, AND BELLEFERCMZ~;and prudence Guienne might have been totally recovered.* TAINE. CIATELEAUT IS TAEN TE FRENC, ND BELLEERCI Lord Thomas Percy was appointed seneschal of Poitou: after the IS BSIEGED,death of sir John Chandos. His estates of St. Sauveur le Vicomte EDWARD, by the grace of God, king of England, lord of Ireland fell to the king of England, who gave them to one of his own knights, and of Aquitaine, to all who shall see or hear these present letters: "by name sir Aleyne'Boxhull,t an uncommonly able man. The know, that we having considered the matter of the boundaries of our ~prince of Wales succeeded as heir to the other riches of sir John lordship of Aquitaine, as well as its extent under various lords, have uChandos, as hlie never was married, and therefore had no children, to had information relative to some oppressions done, or intended to.tie amount of four hundred thousand francs.t Shortly afterwards, have been done, by our very dear son the prince of Wales, to this:those captains who had been made prisoners at the bridge of Lussac lordship aforesaid; for which cause we hold it a duty to endeavor were ransomed, and received their freedom on paying down the sums to obviate and remedy any such improper acts, and to conciliate all.agreed on, in which the king of France assisted them. Sir Louis de hatred and rancor that may have arisen between us and our loyal:St. Julien, sir William des Bourdes, and Garnet le Breton returned friends and subjects. We therefore announce, pronounce, and or. rto their garrisons. dain, out of our deliberate and perfect good will, and by the resolu. tions of our council for this cause assembled, that our very dear son the prince of Wales desist from all sorts of exactions, done or about * Sir John Chandos was buried at Morte- these rhymes as closely as a metrical ver- to be done; and that he restore and make restitution to all of each nmer. Underneath is hiis epitaph, firom les sion will permit. The reader must pardon sex who may have been oppressed by him, or by his officers in -Annales d'Aquitaine par Bouchet. their being as rude as the original. Jenlean ChanddAult. des parHnglois c thpitane, I bein asd as th origil Aquitaine, with all costs, fees and expenses that they may have in. a Chanaul de aloiscapita, John Chandeos, aa Englih knight, curred under the name of these taxes, aids or fouages. And if any f, Fort clhevalier, de Poictou soneschal Stnesciral of all Poictou, Aprds avoir fait guerre tres lointaine Against the French king oft did fight of our feal subjects and friends, as well prelates as other members of Au rois frianeois, tact k pied qu'k chieval, On foot and horseback; many slew: the church, universities, barons, knights, townships, inhabitants of!Et pris Bertrand de Guesclin en un vat, Bertrand du Guesclin prisoner too cities and large tovns have turned, or may be willing to turn, through -Les Poitevins pt6s Lussac, me diffirent, By me was taken in a vale. A Mortemer, moo corps enterre fircent, bad information or weak advice, to the party of our adversary the At Lussace did the foe prevail;,En no cercueilelev6 tout de neif, My body then at Mortermer king of France, we pardon this misdeed, if, after having read this!L'an mil trois cens avec soixante neuf. In a new tomb my friends inter, letter, they shall return to us within one month from the date hereof. [For the satisliction of tie Erglish In tlie year of grace divine, And we entreat those our loyal and trusty friends, that they so comzreader, we have endeavored to imitate Thirteen hundred sixty-nine,-ED.3 e founded ntenowe te Clite convent at Poitiers. port themselves not to draw on them any reproach as to their faith He founded and -endowed the Carmelite convent at Poitiers. "He was never married. Elizabeth and Eleanor, two of his sisters, (the latter being and homage; which thing would greatly displease us, and with sor. thewife of sir Roger rollins) and Isalbella, daughter to Margaret the third sister, at;hat row should we perceive it. If our very dear son the prince of Wales,'me married to sir John Anaesley, were found to be his next heirs." —BAeNEs. or any of his dependents, complain of being hurt or oppressed, either $ Sir Aleyne Boxirli was the i2nd knight of the Garter, constable of tire Tower of now or in former times, we will ~have such oppressions amended;.London. custos of the parks of Clarendon, &c. He lies buried near St. Erkenwaide's so that in reason it may be sufficient to encourage love,peace and sIhrine in St. Paul'schrurch, about the year 1380. Sir Aleyne Boxhull had a commission to restrain the excesses of Charles de Navarre, concord, between us and those within our boundaries in our afore,. in Norrmandy, and to put the castle in good repair, dated the 24th November, 1370. — i.RyI~ER. R*'Sir John de Bourbon." He was son of sir James de Bourbon who combated tlh, I sho-tld imagine Froissart mnst mean that the prince inherited all he possessed in free companies, chapter ccxxvii., and was count de la Marche-.-DEsys SAUvaez.,. gouitaine, kc. but his sister's children were his heirs in England. 21nnot. 120. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 195 waid lordship. And, in order that these things may be publicly Sir John Devereux set out, after having given proper directions known, we will that each person have a copy of this present letter, respecting his castle and garrison to his officers, and, being arrived the conditions of which we have solemnly swore to observe, and not at Angoul~me, found there the prince, the earl of Cambridge, the break through, upon the body of Jesus Christ, in the presence of our earl of Pembroke, sir John Montague, sir Robert Knolles, lord Thomas very dear son John, duke of Lancaster, William, earl of Salisbury, Percy, sir Thomas Felton, sir Guiscard d'Angle, the captal de Bach, the earl of Warwick, the earl of Hereford, Walter Manny, the bas- and many others. He explained to them, how these free companies tard of Percy, lords Neville, Bourchier and Stafford, Richard Pem- in the castle of Be!leperche were besieged and much straitened by bridge, Roger Beauchamp, Guy Brian, the lords Mohun and Delaware, the French under the duke de Bourbon and the count de St. Po!.* Aleyne Boxhull and Richard Sterry, knights. Given at our palace The lords, on hearing this statement, replied with great cneerfulness, of Westminster, the fifth day of November, in the fourty-fourth year that they must be relieved, according to the promises which had been of our reign.* made to them. This business was intrusted to the earls of CainmThis letter was carried by two of the king of England's knights bridge and Pembroke; and the prince issued a sumnmons to all his into the principality and duchy of Aquitaine, proclaimed and pub- vassals, who, on sight of it, were to assemble in the town of Limoges.'ished everywhere. Copies of it were promptly and secretly sent to Upon which, knights, squires, free companies, and men-at.arms, Paris, to the viscount de la Rochechouart, the lords de Maleval and marched to that place, according to their orders; and, when they de Marneil, as well to several others of the French nation as to those were mustered, they amounted to upward of fifteen hundred lances who had turned to that interest. Notwithstanding the letter they and about three thousand others. They marched to Belleperche, had proclaimed in the country of Aquitaine and elsewhere, I never where they encamped themselves opposite to the French. The heard that it had any effect, or that any one was prevented by it French kept themselves close in their redoubt, which was as strong from following his own inclinations; but that more turned to the and as well fortified as a town might be. The English foragers party of France, and the French daily advanced in their conquests. were at a loss where to seek for provisions, so that, whenever it was As soon as sir Louis de Julien was returned to la Roche-Posay, possible, some were brought to them from Poitiers. sir William des Bourdes to his garrison of La Haye in Touraine, and Sir Louis de Sancerre, marshal of France, gave exact information Carnet le Bretont to St. Salvin, they secretly planned a new expedi- of the number and condition of the English to the king of France, tion of men-at.arms, and companions well mounted on whom they and to those knights who had remained at Paris: he sent also a proc. could depend. They set off to scale the walls of the town of Chat- lamation, which he had affixed to the gates of the palace. It ran in elheraut, and, arriving there at early morn, would have made prisoner these words: "' Ye knights and squires who are anxious of renown, sir Louis de Harcourt, who was sleeping at his h6tel in the town, and seek for deeds of arms, I inform you for a truth, that the earl of not any way suspecting such an enterprise, if he had not fled with Cambridge and the earl of Pembroke are arrived with their trxps his bed-clothes, without shoes or stockings, from house to house, and at Belleperche, with the intention of raising the siege which we have from garden to garden, in great dread of being taken by the French, so long made: we have so much straitened the garrison of the castle who had scaled the walls of the town, until at last he arrived at the that it must immediately surrender, or our enemies beat us in a bridge of Chatelheraut, which his people had fortified: there he pitched battle. Come therefore hither, directly, for you will have saved himself, and remained a considerable time. The Bretons and opportunities of exhibiting your prowess in arms; and know that the French, however, were masters of the whole town, and placed a English are encamped so much apart, and in such positions, that strong garrison in it, of which Carnet was captain. This garrison they may be wonderfully annoyed." advanced daily to engage with those who still kept possession of tthe Upon this exhortation and request of the marshal, several good bridge; and many a gallant skirmish and feat of arms were performed. knights and squires of France advanced to those parts; and I know Duke Louis de Bourbon was much enraged that the English and myself that the governor of Blois, named Alart de Toustanne, went free companies should keep possession of his country, the Bourbon- thither with fifty lances; as did also the count de Porcien, and his nois, and that Ortigo, Bernard de Wist and Bernard de la Salle, brother sir Hugh de Porcien. should hold his castle of Belleperche, and detain his mother prisoner -n it: he resolved, therefore, to set on foot an expedition of men-at-. arms, and lay siege to the castle of Belleperche, which, he declared he would not quit until he had retaken it. He spoke of it to the CHAPTER CCLXXXI. king of France, who instantly promised to assist him in the siege ZHE EARLS OF CAMBRIDGE AND PEMBROKE CARRY OFF THE MOTHER OF with men and money. He left Paris, having ordered his rendezvous TIE DUKE OF BOURBON WITH TIIE GARRISON OF BELLEPERCHE. THE at Moulins in the Bourbonnois, and at St. Poursaint,t whither there DUKE OF BOURBON TAKES TOSSESSION OF THAT CASTLE. came a numerous body of men-at-arms and able combatants. The lord de Beaujeu came to serve him, with three hundred lances: the WHEN the earls of Cambridbe and Pembroke had remained before WHr.N the earls of Cambridge and Pembroke had remained before lords do Villars an de Roucillons, with onte hundred; and numbers the French army at Belleperche fifteen days, and did not see any of barons and knights from Auvergne and Forkts, of which hlie was signs of the French quitting their redoubt to fight with them, they lord paramount, through the lady his wife, the daughter of that gal- called a council, in which they resolved to send them a herald, to lant lord Beroald count dauphin. The duke arrived and fixed his know what they meant to do. Chandos the herald was ordered on quarters before the castle of Belleperche, where he built a large and this business, and it was repeated to him what he was to say: he strong redoubt, in which his men might be sheltered every night, therefore went to them, and said: "1My masters and lords send me and skirmish with the garrison during the day. He had also brought to you, and inform you by my mouth, that they are quite astonished and pointed against the castle four large machines, which kept con- you have allowed them to remain fifteen days here, and you have tinually throwing, night and day, stones and logs of wood, so that not sallied out of your fort to give them battle. They therefore tell they broke through the roofs of all the houses, and beat down the you, that if you will come forth to meet them, they will permit you greater part of the towers. The mother of the duke of Bourbonn greater part of the towers. The mother of the duke of Bourbon, to choose any plot of ground for the field of battle; and let God give who was a prisoner within the castle, was much alarmed, and sent the event of it to whomsoever he pleases." The duke of Bourbon the event of it to whomsoever he pleases." The duke of Bourbon frequently to entreat her son to abstain from this mode of attack, for de to this the following reply: "Chandos, you will tell you these machines annoyed her exceedingly; but the duke, who knew masters, that I shall not combat as they may wish or desire. Iknow for certain that these requests came from his enemies, replied that he well enough where they are: but for all that, I will not quit my fort would not desist happen what would. nor raise the siege, until I shall have reconquered the castle of Belle. When the garrison found themselves so much harassed, and that perche." "My lord," answered the herald, "I will not fail to report the French force was daily increasing; for sir Louis de Sancerre, what you have said." marshal of France, had just arrived with a large body of men-at-arms; The herald set out, and on his return gave the duke's answer, they resolved to send and acquaint sir John Devereux, s6neschal of which was not very agreeable. They called another council, and Limousin, who resided at La Souteraioe,~ two short days' journey when it was over, gave to Chandos a proposal, for him to carry to the from them, of their distress, and who knew that, when these lords of French. He did so, and said: " Gentlemen, my lordsand masters Poitou and Gascony had made an excursion from Quercy, it was let you know, that since you are not willing to accept the offer they upon the faith, that if they should take any castles in France, and have made you, three days hence, between nine and twelve o'clock were besieged in them, they would be assisted. They wrote their in the morning; you my lord duke of Bourbon, will see your lady. letters, and sent them off in the night by one of their servants to the mother placed on horseback, and carried away. Consider this, and moherfpluaced o horebackandscarred: away.Cnsderths,Candos castle of sir John Devereux. Sir John recognized the messenger by rescueherif you can." Te duke nswered: Chados,Chando, the tokens he mentioned, and, having read the letters, said, " that he tell your masters, they carry on a most disgraceful war, when they sieaanint lady from among her domestics, and carry her away would most willingly acquit himself of his engagement, and that the seize an ancient lady from among her domestics, and carry her away r tl to do would imediatel wait on the rince like a prisoner. It was never seen formerly, that in the war between and the lords who were with him, at Angoulime, and exert himself so that the garrison of Behleperche should be reinforced." tainly be very unpleasant to me to see my lady-mother thus carried off: we must recover her as soon as we can: but the castle they *This letter is ant in Rymer. cannot take with them: that, therefore, we will have. Since you tHis name was Jean de Keranlouet. In the proofs attached to the Histoire de Ia have twice come hither with propositions, you will bear this from uretagne, are several acquittances from Jean de Keranlouet, in which he is styled, me to your masters, that if they will draw out fifty men, we will draw Ecuyer, Huissier, d'Armes du Rti notre Sire, Capitaine de la Ville de la Roche-Posay fAr his own pay as well as for his soldiers. He was to conduct four hundred combatants ito GCyenne, 13711 and also to march to the assistance of Moncontour. * Denys Sauvage thinks it ought to be the count de Sancerre, as the count de St.Pore $ St. Poursaint —a town in Auvergsne, diocese of Clermont. name has notIceen mentioned before. I shlould be of this opinion, if every copy I have ~ La Souteraine-a town in Limousin. about two leagues from Limoges. orinted and MS.. did not say St. Pol. 196 CHRONICLES OF ENGrLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. out the same number, and let the victory fall where it may." "My mand one of these armies, which should enter Guienne by La RHole lord," replied the herald, "I will relate to them everything you have and Bergerac; the duke of Berry the other toward Limoges and told me." Quercy, when these two armies were to unite and march to Angou. At these words, Chandos left them, and returned to the earls of 16me, to besiege therein the prince of Wales. It was also proposed Cambridge and Pembroke and the other lords, and told them the and determined in these consultations to recal that valiant knight sit offer the duke of Bourbon had sent them. They were advised not Bertrand du Guesclin, who had so gallantly and loyally fought for to accept it. Preparations were therefore made for the departure of the crown of France, and entreat him to accept the charge of conthe army, and to carry off with them the lady and the garrison, which stable of France. had been exceedingly harassed by the machines of the enemy. When When king Charles, his brothers, and his council, had completely thi appointed day arrived, they ordered their trumpets to sound at arranged their future plans, and had enjoyed themselves together for early morning: upon which every one armed himself and drew up, some time, the duke of Anjou, early in May, took his leave of them, both horse and foot, in order of battle, as if they expected a combat, to return the first to his government, for he had the longest journey with thefr banners and pennons flying before them. In this manner to make. He was escorted by the barons and knights of France, were they arrayed; and on this day sir John Montacute,* neplhew to being much beloved by them, and pursued his journey until he came the earl of Salisbury, displayed his banner. They had ordered their to Montpellier, where he tarried upward of a month, and then returned trumpets and minstrels to sound very loud; and at nine o'clock the to Toulouse. Hie directly collected as many men-at-arms as he was garrison and madame de Bourbon came out of the castle of Belle- able, wherever he could hear of them, and soon had a large force perche. They mounted her on a palfrey handsomely equipped for from those who had kept the field guarding the frontiers of the Engher. She was accompanied by her ladies and damsels. The Eng- lish in Rouergue and Quercy: for le petit Mechin, Naudon de Pans, lish army marched away at midday. Sir Eustace d'Ambreticourt Perrot de Savoye, le bourg Camus, Antoine le Negre, Lanuit, Jacques and sir John Devereuxt attended upon madame de Bourbon; and in de Bray, and numbers of their companions, had remained all the year this manner they returned to the principality, where the lady remained at Cahors, where they had ravaged and ruined the country. On the a considerable time a prisoner to the free companions at La Roche other hand, the duke of Berry went to Bourges in Berry, where he Vaucloix in Limousin.t had issued a grand summons to all knights and squires of France and This capture never pleased tue prince, who, whenever it was men- Burgundy. The duke of Bourbon had gone into his own country, tioned, said, that if any other than the free companies had taken the where he had given orders concerning this intended expedition, and duchess, she should instantly have had her liberty: and when the had collected a large body of kaights and squires from the country captains of these free companies spoke to him on the subject, he told of Fornts and the Bourbonnois. His brother, count Peter d'Alen~ots, them to make some sort of an exchange, for him to get back his made preparations in another part, and with good effect. knight, sir Simon Burley,~ whom the French had taken. You nmay Sir Guy de Blois, at this period, was returned from Prussia, where suppose the duke of Bourbon was greatly incensed when he saw his he had been made a knight, and displayed his banner in an enterprise lady-mother carried away from the castle of Belleperche in the Bour- against the enemies of God. As soon as this gallant knight arrived bonnoiets. Soon aftelr her departure, he marched from the redoubt, in Hainault, and was informed of the expedition which his cousins and sent his men to take possession of his own castle of Bellepercho, of France were about to undertake in Aquitaine, he made immediate which the English had left quite empty. Thus ended this grand preparations for joining it; and, setting out firom Hainault with all expedition, and each withdrew to his usual place of residence. The his array, he arrived at Paris to present himself to the kiing. He was French who were under the duke of Bourbon, retired to the garrisons gladly received by him, and ordered to join the duke of Berry with from whence they had come. ThIe duke returned with his knights a command of knights, squires, and men-at-arms in the expedition. and squires to the king of France, who received them with great Sir Guy de Blois, therefore, left the city of Paris, and rode to Orleans joy, and entertained them handsomely. The earl of Cambridge in his way to Berry. went to his brother at Angoul6mee; and the earl of Pembroke and In like manner as the king of France had arranged his armies, so his troops to Mortagne in Poitou. Those free companies and men- did the king of England by two armies and two expeditions. It was at-arms who had been in Belleperche went into Poitou and Saint- ordered that the duke of Lancaster should nairch with four hundred onge, seeking for provisions, and committing many disgraceful acts, men-at-arms and as many archers into Aquitaine, to reinforce his from which they had not the inclination to refrain themselves, nor brothers; for it was thought tlhat the greatest force of the enemy power to restrain others. would be sent to that country. The king and his council determined Sir Robert Knollcs, shortly after this, left the prince, and returned that another army of men-at-arms and archers should enter Picardy to his castle of Derval in Brittany, where he had not beemi a month, under sir Robert Knolles, who was perfectly capable of such a combefore the king of England sent him positive orders to set out, with- mand, having learned it under the most able masters for a consideraout delay, and cross the sea to him in England, as he wduld find his ble time. Sir Robert, at the request of the king, willingly undertook profit in it. Sir Robert very willingly obeyed this summons: having this expedition: he promised to cross the sea to Calais, to pass through made his preparations, he embarked and landed in Cornwall, at St. the whole kingdomn of France, and to fight with the French, if they Michael's Mount, and thence continued his road until he arrived at were bold enough to meet in the field. Of this le seemed quite cerWindsor, where he found the king, who was right glad to see him, tain, and made wonderful preparations for himself, as well as for all as were all the English barons; for they thought they should have those who were to accompany him. much need of him, as he was so great a captain and leader of men- The mother of the duke of Bourbon about this time obtained her at-arms. liberty, being exchanm'ed for sir Simon Burley, the prince of Wales's knight. Sir Eustace d'Ambreticourt was very instrumental in bring. ing this business to an end, for which the duke of Bourbon and the C H A P T E R CC L X XXII. queen of France testified their obligations to him. There had been, for a considerable time, long negotiations carried on between the THlE FOUR BROTHERS OF FRANCE HAVE A MSEETING. THEIR PREPARATIONS TE FOUR ROTHES OF FRANC HAVE A METIN. TEIR RERTONS king of France and the king of Navarre, who resided at Cherbourg. FOR THE wAR. TtIE tMOTER OF THE DUKE OF BOURBON OBTAINS HER The ministers of both kings managed the business in such a manner LIBERTY. A TREATY ENTERED INTO BETWEEN THE ICINGS OF FRANCE that they informed the king of France he had not any reason for waAND NAVARRE. ging war against his brother-in-law the king of Navarre. They added, AT this time the duke of Anjou set out from Toulouse, and marched that for the present he had enough on his hands with his war with in great array through the kingdom of France; he continued his route England, and that he had better leave things as then they were, lest until he arrived in Paris, where he found the king and his other greater evils might arise; for, if the king of Navarre should consent brothers the dukes of Berry and Burgundy, who received him with to admit the English into his forts in Coutantin, they would harass infinite pleasure. The four brothers, during the time they were the country of Normandy most grievously, which was a thing to be together at Paris, held many councils and consultations on the state well considered and attended to. Upon receiving this information of the kingdom, and in what manner they should best act during the and advice, the king of France consented to a peace. He went to ensuing summer. It was determined to raise two large armies, and the town of Rouen, where all the treaties were drawn up and conmake an incursion to Aquitaine. The duke of Anjou was to com- firmed. The archbishop of Rouen, the count d'Alenqon, the count de Sallebruche, sir William des Dormans. and sir Robert Lorris, * Son of sir John Montacute before-mentioned, and third earl of Salisbury.-En. waited on the king of Navarre, whom they found at Vernon. IHe t Sir John levereux-banneret-76tl knight of the Garter, a baron from the 8th to the made for them grand dinners and magnificent feasts; after which 16th Richard IL See Dugdale. Steward of the household to Richard I1. constable and they conducted him to the king of France at nen, when these tre governor of the cinque ports. Died suddenly 16th Riclhard II. Buried at Grayfriars, London. ties and alliances were again read, sworn to, confirmed, and sealed. "Sir Nicholad Louvaine held Penshurst44th Edward Ill. and married Margaret. eld- It seems that the king of Navarre, by the articles of this peace, was.st daughter ot John Vere, earl of Oxford —remarried to Henry lord Beaumont mend to renounce whatever engagements he might have entered into with ~tter to siC John Devereux, knight of the Garter, lord warden of the cinque poi,stew- the king of Eagland; and that he himself, on his return to Navarrm ard of the houme hold 11th Richard It.; in whose 16th year hle had license to embattle his mansion house at Penshurst, and his daughter and heiress was married to William lord was to declare war against him. For greater security of the aftce Fitzwalt~ss, but he only enjoyedthis manor in right of his wife." —ANsTms's AM.JMS.frorm tion between him and the king of France, he was to leave in has Philpoe's Kent, p. 270. hands his two sons, Chares and Peter, as hostages. Uponthis treaty: Im the curious life of the duke de Bourbon, printed atParis, 1612, from old MSS. the hand to sons, Che and Peter, as h age Uo -this tre account of this siege is very differently related, amd entirely to the honor of the French. The duchess is there said to be carried prisoner to time tower of Bron near to Brounage, there were again great feasts. YVhen they had sufficiently enjoyed entheseacoast. and amused themselves, they took leave of each other. The Iting of S Sir Simon Burley —knight —was 75th knight of the Garter, warden of the cinque.orms, governor of Windsor and Dover castles. Beheaded 1388. —See HOLLmNOSHED. * Sir William des Dormans was chancellor ofFrance. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. i, Navarre quitted the king of France in the most amicable manner, CHAPTER CCLXXXIV. leaving his two children with their uncle. He set out for Montpellier, and returned through that country to Foix, and from thence to THE DUKE OF BERRY INVADES LIXOUSTN. his own kingdom of Navarre. JUST as the duke of Anjou and his army had invaded the terri. We will now return to what was passing in Aquitaine. tories of the prince by the way of Toulouse and Agen, so did the duke of Berry with his army enter the Limousin. He had full twelve hundred lances and three thousand footmen, who conquered CH HA P TER CCLXXXX s III. towns and castles, and burnt and destroyed the country they marched through. SIR BERTRAND DU GUESCLIN LEAVES SPAIN AND ARRIVES AT TOULOUSE, With the duke of Berry were, the duke of Bourbon, the count WHERE THE DUKE OF ANJOU RECEIVES HIR WITH GREAT JOY. THEY d'Alenqon, sir Guy de Blois, sir Robert d'Aleneon, count du Perche, TARE TOGETHER SEVERAL CASTLES FROM THE ENGLISH. sir John d'Armagnac, sir Hugh Dauphin, sir John de Villemur, the You know, as we have before mentioned it, that the duke of Anjou lords de Beaujeu, de Villars, de Denac, sir Geoffry de Montagu, sir hlad been in France, and that, according to arrangements then made Louis do Maleval, sir Raymond de Marneil, sir John de Boulogne, upon his return to Languedoc, he was to invade, with his whole force his uncle sir Geoffry do Boulogne, the viscount d'Uzes, the lords de Guienne; for he never loved the prince of Wales nor the English Sully, do Talenton, do Confant Dappechere, Dacon, sir John and made no pretensions to that effect. Before he left Paris, the king Damenue, Ymbaut do Peschin, and many other good barons, of France, by his desire, had sent letters and embassadors to the king knights and squires. This army entered Limousin, where they did of Castille, to request he would send back sir Bertrand du Guesclin, infinite mischief, and advanced to besiege the city of Limoges. In for by so doing he would very much oblige him. At the same time; tis city were a body of English, whom sir Hugh Calverley the this city were a body of English, whom sir Hugh Calverley the the king and duke of Anjou wrote most friendly letters to sir Bertrand sneschal of imousin d placed there; but he was not the master, himslf. The envoys made haste on their journey, and found king for the bishop of the city governed it, in whom the prince of Wales himself. The envoys made haste on. their journey, and found king Henry with sir Bertrand in the city of Leon in Spain, to whom they Put much confidence, looking upon him as his steady friend. delivered their letters and the message from the king of France. The The prince of Wales, who kept his court at Angoul~me, had king of Spin never wished to detn sir Bertrand, nor wold av received information of these two grand expeditions of the dukes of forgiven himself for so doing. Sir Bertrand therefore made his pre. Ajo and of erry, and how they had nvaded his principality at parations in haste, and, taking leave of king Henry, set out with his two different places. It was also told the prince, that as far as zn ~~~~~~~~~two different places. It was also told the prince, that as far as attendants, and continued his road until he came to Toulouse, where could be inagined, they were mrching to form a junction near An the duke of Anjou was. He had already there assembled a very goule, to besiege him and the princess therein, and advised him large force of men-at-arms, knights, and squires, and waited for to consider of it. The prince, who was valor itself, and ll of nothing but the arrival of sir Bertrand du Guesclin: so that upon his resources, replied, that "his enemies should never find him shut coming the duke of Anjou and all the French were mightily rejoiced. up in a town or castle, and that lie would immediately march and n ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~up in a town or castle, and that lie would immediately march and Orders were given to march from Toulouse, and invade the territo- tke the field aganst them. Clerks and nights were instantly ries of the prince. employed to write and send off letters to loyal firiends and subjects The duke of Lancaster at this time was arrived at Southampton, in Poitou, Saintonge, La Rochelle, Rouergue, Quercy, Gorre, with four hundred men-at-arms, and an equal number of archers. Bigorre and Agdnois, commanding them, with as many men as they He embarked them and every necessary provision and stores on board could bring, to meet him at the town of Cognac. His rendezvous ships, with the intent of sailing for Bordeaux, provided they might was fixed there; and he soon left Angoul~me, attended by the have a favorable wind. With the duke, and under his command, pincess and his young son Richard. were the lord Roos (of Hamlake,) sir Michael de la Pole,* sir Rob- But during the time this sumnons was sent, and every one ma. ert he Roux,t sir John de St. Lo, and sir William Beauchamp. king his preparations, the French kept advancing, burning and ravaThe duke of Anjou left the city of Toulouse with a great and ging the country. They came before Linde, a good town situated well ordered array. He was attended by the count d'Armagnac, upon the river Dordogne, one league from Bergerac: a valiant the lord d'Albret, the count do Perigord, the count do Comminges, knight of Gascony, named sir Thonius de Batefol,* was the governor the viscount de Carmaign, the count de Lisle, the viscount de Bruni- of it. The duke of Anjou, the count d'Armagiac, the lord d'Albret, guel, the viscount de Narbonne, the viscount de Talar, the lord do the count do Perigord, the viscount do Carrnaing, and all the other la Barde, the lord do Pincornet, sir Bertrand Tande, the seneschal of barons with their men, came thither and formed the siege in a regular Toulouse, the sdneschal of Carcassonne, the sdneschal of Beaucaire manner, saying they would not depart without having taken it. and several others, amounting in the whole to upward of two thou- This town was large, strong and well provided with all sorts of sand lances, knights and squires, and six thousand footmen, armed provision and artillery: for the captal de Buch and sir Thomas Fel. with pikes and shields. Sir Bertrand du Guesclin was appointed to ton had been there a fortnight before, and had reinforced it. They the command of all this force. They directed their march through thought that Linde was very capable of holding out, if those within the Agenois; and being joined by more than a thousand combatants were determined, considering the assistance they might draw from from the free companies, who had waited for them all the winter in Bergerac, should there be occasion. But the inhabitnts were so Quercy, they made for Agen. wonderfully inclined to the French, that they entered into a negotiaThe first fort they came to was that of Moissac.~ The whole tion with the duke of Anjou, and listened to his promise, which made country was so frightened at the arrival of the duke of Anjou, and the them press the governor, sir Thonius, that he also consented to be large army he had brought, that they trembled before him, and a true Frenchman, upon consideration of receiving a large sum of neither towns nor castles had any inclination to hold out against money, and having a good annuity from the duke for his life him. When he arrived before Mnoissac, the inhabitants instantly Everything being thus settled, the town was to be delivered up to surrendered and turned to the French. They then advanced to the French. This treaty was, however, known at Bergerac the Agen, which followed this example. They afterwards marched evening preceding the day of surrender. The earl of Cambridge had toward Tonneinsl on the Garonne; nd the French went on un just arrived there with two hundred lances, and was present when molested, following the course of the river Garonne, in order to have this information was given. The captal and sir Thomas Felton were plenty of forage: they came to Port St. Marie,'' which immediately plenty of forage they came to Port St.,arie, which immediately thunderstruck at the intelligence, and said they would be present at surrendered. The French placed men-at. arms and garrisons in all this surrender. Having ordered their troops, they set out from Berthese towns. The town and castle of Tonneins did the same, in gerac after midnight, and rode toward the town of Linde. They which they placed a captain and twenty lances to guard it. They came there by daybreak, and, ordering one of the gates to be opened, afterwards took the road to Montpezat** and Aiguillon,tt burning pushed forward without stopping until they arrived at the other gate, and destroying all the country. When they came before Montpezat, through which the French were to enter: indeed, they were already which is a good town and has a strong castle, those within were so assembled there in crowds, for sir Thonius was about to allow them much frightened by the duke of Anjou that they directly opened to enter the gate. On seeing which, the captal, grasping his sword, their gates. The French then advanced to the strong castle of dismounted, as did all his troops, and, advancing to sir Thonius, said: Aiguillon, where they only remained four days; for then the garrison " Sir Thonius, thou wicked traitor, thou shalt be the first dead man: surrendered to the duke, not being such men as sir Walter Manny and never moe shalt thou conmit another treason." Upon which commanded, when he defended it against John duke of Normandy, he thrust his sword into him, and with so much force that it went afterwards king of France. The inhabitant of.Bergerac were very through his body and came out upward of a foot on the other side, aftrwads ingof rane.The inhabitants of Bergerac were very n tul i onda.TeFrnh nsen;tebneso much astonished at their having so done; for the governors, at this and struck him down dead. The French, on seeing the banners of time, of Bergerac, were the captal de Buch and sir'Thomas Felton, the captal de Buch and sir Thomas Felton, immediately retreated, who had with them one hundred lances, English and Gascons. having failed in their attempt. _Thus did the town continue English, but was in great danger of * Sir Michael de la Pole, afterwards earl of Suffolk, and favorite ofRichaud IIt-See being burt, and the inhabitants slain, because they had consented tu:DALEn. to this treaty. They excused themselves wisely and prudently, say. t Barnes calls him sir Robert Ros. ing that what they had done and consented to was through fear, and $ Sir William Beauchamp —Lord Abergavenay.-Duouaa. principally through their governor, who had brought this business ~ Moissac —a town in Ouercy, twelve leagues from Agen. I1 Tonneins —a town of Agenois, on the Garonne, forty-one leagues from Toulouse.'.q Port St. Marie —on the Garonne, below Agen. * Sir Thonius de Bateftl. It is so in all my printed copies, but otherwise in the MSS. ~* Montpezat —a village in Guienne, near Tonneins. One has Tholmas. Q. flit should not be so. tOr rather.tnthoay? though.Lord Bernem'II Aiguillon —a town of Guienne. one league from Tonneins and Barnes both read Thomas. —ED.] 98f CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. about. The lords appeared to believe all this, and the inhabitants chief, for it burnt a large monastery of preaching friars, cloisters, and remained inpeace: but the captal and sir Thomas Felton continued all that was without the town. After this, the English continuecd in the town as long as the duke of Anjou lay before it, and until he their march, taking the road to Bapaume,* burning and ravaging the had taken another road. whole country. The army was constantly in motion, and having We will now speak a little of the state and condition of England, entered the Vermandois, arrived at Roye;t which town they burnt, for that is now necessary; and of the invasion of France by sir and then marched toward Ham' in Vermandois. All the inhabitants Robert Knolles of the flat country had retired into this town, anrid into St. Quentin and Peronne, carrying with them everything portable. The English C H A P T ER C C~L~x x xv. found nothing but barns full of unthreshed corn, for it was now after August. They advanced by easy marches, without any labor or A[ TRUCE IS ESTABLISHED BETWEEN ENGvLAND AND SCOTLAND. SiRl ROBERTAustThyavnebyaymrcswhotaylorr A TRUCE IS ESTAULISED BETWEN ENDLAND AND STcOTLAND. SIR ROBERT fatigue, until they came to a rich country, where they halted for two ICNOLLES OVTERRUNS, BURNS AND RAVAES THE WHOLE COUNTRIES OF r three days. During this time, sir Robert Knolles sent parties to ~I~ARDY AND THE ~v~ER~MANDOIS. a town or castle which commaanded the surrounding country, and the WHEN sir Robert Knolles was about to leave England, there were marshals having obtained a parley with the governors, asked," How mnany councils held between the English and Scots. They were much will you give us for all this country, if we will not despoil so well conducted by the able ministers of both kingdoms, that a it?" A treaty and composition was entered into with sir Robert, truce was established between each king, kingdom, subjects and and a large sum of florins paid down. This country was respited adherents, for nine years. The Scots, by this treaty, might arm and from being burnt. Sir Robert gained by this treaty a sum amounthire themselves out to others for subsidies, taking which side they ing to one hundred thousand friancs, for which he was afterwards pleased, English or French; by which means sir Robert increased ill at court, and accused to the king' of the English for not having his army with one hundred lances.* When sir Robert and all who done his duty faithfully, as I shall fully relate in the continuance of were to accompany him were ready, and had arrived at Dover, they this history. passed the sea, he himself crossing the last, and landed at Calais, The lands c-f the lord de Coucy were unmolested; and never did where, on his disembarking; he was received with great joy by the the English hurt man or woman, nor take from them a farthing, who governor, sir Nicholas Stambourn, and his brother soldiers. When said, "I belong to the lord de Coucy." They marched unto the they had refreshed themselves for seven days, and had formed their good town of Noyon,~ which was well provided with men-at-arms, plans with respect to the parts of France into which they should and halted in the neighborhood: they made their approaches very carry their attack, they ordered their baggage and stores to advance, near, to see if it were possible to carry it by assault, but found it and took the field in a very handsome manner. They were about well fortified, and able to defend itself' should there be occasion. fifteen hundred lances and four thousand archers, including the Sir Robert was lodged in the abbey of Orcarmp,!] and his men in the Welshmen. Sir Robert was accompanied, according to the king's neighborhood. They advanced one day in ordler of battle to the orders, by sir Thomas Granston,t sir Aleyne Boxhull, sir Gilbert Gif- walls of the city, to see if the garrison and inhabitants would issue ford, the lord de Salvatier,t sir John Bourchier,~ sir William de Mer- forth, but in vain. ville,1l sir Geoffry Urswell,~ and many other knights and squires, There was a Scots knight in the English army who performed a expert and able men-at-arms, who marched this first day pretty near most gallant deed of arms. He quitted his troop, with his lance in its to Fiennes.** rest, and mounted on his courser, followed only by his page; when, Sir Moreau de Fiennes, who at that time was constable of France, sticking spurs into his horse, he was soon up the mountain and at resided in his castle, with a great number of men-at-arms, knights, the barriers. The name of this knight was sir John Assueton,~ a and squires, all prepared and ready to receive the English. On the very valiant and able man, perfect master of his profession. When morrow, when they advanced toward the castle and drew up to the he was arrived at the barriers of Noyon, he dismounted, and, giving attack, they found they should not gain anything, so they marched off his horse to his page, said, "Quit not this place:" then, grasping through the country of Guines, and entered that of Faukenbourg, his spear he advanced to the barriers, and leaped over them. There burning everything on their road, and came before the city of Te- were on the inside some good knighlts of that country, such as sir rouenne, but did not attack it: for it was so well garrisoned with John de Roye, sir Launcelot de-Lorris, and ten or twelve others, men-at-arms that it would only have been lost trouble. They con- who were astonished at this action, and wonde.red what he would do tinued their march through the country of the Terouennois, to enter next: however, they received him well. The Scots knight, address. Artois; and, as they only advanced three or four leagues a-day, on ing them, said: "Gentlemen, I am come to see you; for, as you do account of their baggage and infantry, they took up their quarters in not vouchsafe to come beyond your barriers, I condescend to visit the large villages at the early hour of midday or noon. Thus did they you. I wish to try my knighthood against yours, and you will con. advance with their whole army, until they came before the city of quer me if you can." After this, he gave many grand strokes with Arras. The lords and principal captains were lodged in the town his lance, which they returned him. He continued in this situation of Mount St. Eloy, near Arras, and their army in the environs; against them all, skirmishing and fighting most gallantly, upward of whence they pillaged and ravaged the country round, as far as they an hour. He wounded one or two of their knights; and they had dared to extend themselves. The king of France had at this season so much pleasure in this combat, they frequently forgot themselves. ordered a number of men-at-arms to the different cities, fortresses, The inhabitants looked from above the gates and top of' the walls large towns, castles, bridges and fords, to guard and defend those with wonder. They might have done him much hurt with their which should be attacked, and which they were not to quit on any arrows, if they had so willed: but no: the French knights had forbidden account. it. While he was thus engaged, his page came close to the barriers, When sir Robert Knolles had refreshed himself and his army for mounted on his courser, and said to him aloud, in his own language, two days, he quitted St. Eloy, and marched from before Arras in "My lord, you had better come away: it is timne, for our army is good array. Sir William de Merville and sir Geoff'y Urswell, who on its march." The knight, who had heard him, made ready to were the marshals of the army, could not resist a wish to see those follow his advice; and after giving two or three thrusts to clear his of Arras a little nearer. They quitted, therefore, the battalion, and way, he seized his spear, and leaped again over the barriers without advanced with about two hundred lances and four hundred archers, any hurt, and, armed as he was, jumped up behind the page on his as far as the barriers of the suburbs of Arras which they found well courser. When he was mounted, he said to the French, " Adieu, guarded by men-at-arms and cross-bows. The lord Charles de Poi- gentlemen: many thanks to you," and spurring his steed, soon tiers was at that time in the town with madame d'Artois, but he rejoined his companions. This gallant feat of sir John Assueton made not any attempt to sally out on the English or otherwise attack was highly prized by all manner of persons. them. The English having finished their course, had halted a short time at the barriers; and seeing no appearance of any one coming to them, they set out on their return to the main army, who were wait- CHAPTER CCLXXXVI. ing for them drawn up in a line of battle. However, before they departed, they wished to leave a remembrance behind, and set fire THE GARRISON OF NOYON MAEE THE ENGLISH PRISONERS WiO HAD SET to the suburbs of Arras, in order to entice the inhabitants out of the FIRE TO FONT-LEVEQUE. THE RING OF FRANCE SENDS OR SIR BERtown, who had not any good will to do so. This fire did much mis- TRAND DU GUESCLIN. SIR Robert Knolles and his army, on their departure from the town * Mezeray says, this truce was forl three years-Buchanan, fourteen-Froissart, nine.- ot Noyon, set fire to Pont-l'Ev~que on the river Oise, where there were Niote i BARNES,. 8 - several handsome hotels. Those knights and squires in the to.wn of I cannot find this truce in the Feedera. On the contrary, there is an offensive and defensive tre-ty with the king of France, dated at Edinburgh Castle, 28th October, 1371, Noyon were exceedingly angry at this proceeding, and, understanding in which it expressly mentions that no truce is to tie entered into, without including that sir Robert and his forces had proceeded, left the city of Noyon both France and Scotland, by either ot the parties. For more particulars see Rymer. with about fifty lances, and came so well in time to the town of Pont Sir Thomas Granston —82nd knight of the Garter. See Grandison is Dugdale. l'Ev~que, that they fotnd there those who had burnt it, ard othcra: "er sirs rde Satvaatier." Q. ~ Sir John Bomn'liier —tth knight of the G'lrter —a baron. See Dugdale. occupied in the pillage. They were attacked niost furiousiy~ arnII "De Merville." Q. if no. Neville. I beliese it to be sir William Neville, one of the greater part of them slain or made prisoners. The French tnsok &he sons of Itsh lorid otNeville, of Rtaby. See Dutdale. Barnes names sir Hugh Meisel, sir Waler Fitzwalter, amd sir John Mentsreworth. * Bapaurne —a strong town of Artois, six leag~ues from Arras. ~ I ihave called thiis person Ues'well, after Barnes: but as Froissart writes it Osrceluy, t Roye-a strong town in Picanry, eighteen leagues from Arms. It is proinbay one of the Worseley tumily. It may also be sir H'lugh Wrottesley, spelled: Ham —a town in ticarty, on the Somne, six leagues fiom Roye. Wrtheshle in Mills, who was i9th knight of the Garter, and perhaps witl more proba ~ Noyon —now a village in Pcardy, diocese of Amiens. bility. Oreamp, or St. Anne —a village ii Picardy, near Noyoo. "Fiennes — village in the Boulonnois, generality of Amiens ~ 8ir John Assueton. Probably Seton tHt[RONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 19i more than sixty horses, and rescued many prisoners whom the ene- do with so large an army. They then separated, each going on hii my intended carrying off. Several good houses would have been own business. The duke of Anjoui returned to the city of Cahorsburnt if they had not come there so opportunely. They returned to his men and the free companies spread themselves over the country Noyon with upward of fifteen English prisoners, whom they be- which they had conquered, and quartered themselves in different gar. headed. risens. The count d'Armagnac and the other lords went to their The English continued their march in battle array, intending to homes, and amply stored their towns and castles with all sorts of enter the Laonnois, and to cross the river Oise* and Aine.t They provision and artillery, as if they expected a war: they ordered out committed no devastation in the county of Soissons, because it be. their vassals, and trained them to defend their country should lohed to the lord de Coucy. True it is, they were followed and need be. watched by some lords of France, such as the viscount de Meaux, We will now speak of sir Bertrand du Guesclin, who, on his the lord de Chauny, lord Raoul de Coucy, lord William de Melun, departure from the duke of Anjou, marched with his men to the son of the count de Tancarville, and their forces; so that the Eng- siege of Limoges, where the duke of Bourbon, and the great knights lish, not daring to quit their line of march, kept in a compact body. of France were employed. The French were in high spirits on the The French did not attack them, but every night took up their arrival of sir Bertrand, and it was a grand piece of news both within quarters in castles or strong towns; while the English encamped in as well as without the city. He immediately followed up some the open plains, where they found provision in plenty and new wine, treaties which had been before opened between the bishop and with which they made very free. Thus did they advance, burning, citizens with the duke of Berry, and managed that they were con ravaging, and oppressing all the country, when they crossed the eluded by the bishop and citizens turning to the French. The dukes river Marne, and entered Champagne, and then passed the Aube,~ of Berry and Bourbon, sir Guy de Blots, and the lords of Fance, returning to the country about Provins:j when they several times entered the town with great state, when they received froia the passed the Seine, and made appearances of marching toward Paris; inhabitants their homage and fealty. After they had rested thenm. for they had heard that the king of France had collected a large selves for three days, they followed the same resolutions as had been force of men-at-arms under the command of the count de St. Pol determined upon in the council held by the duke of Anjou, and and the lord de Clisson, with whom they were very eager to engage, each man retired to his own country to guard his towns and castles and for that end made every preparation as if they only wished for against sir Robert Knolles, who still kept his ground in France, and the combat. Upon this, the king of France wrote to sir Bertrand also because they had done enough by taking such a city as Limoges. du Guesclin, who was in Aquitaine with the duke of Anjou, to The lords then separated, but sir Bertrand remained in Limousin order him, as soon as he should have read the letters, to set out for with two hundred lances, which he posted in the castles of the lord France, as he intended to employ him in another part of his kingdom. de Maleval, who had turned to the French. Pope Urban V. came back about this time to Avignon, after hay- When the duke of Berry left Limoges, he ordered into the city, ing resided nearly four years at Rome. He returned, in the hope of at the request of the bishop, sir John de Villemur, sir Hugh de la making peace between the two kings: for this renewal of war was Roche, and Roger de Beaufort, with one hundred men-at-arms. He very displeasing to him. All those of Avignon and the country then retreated to Berry, and the duke of Bourbon to the Bourbon. around it were very happy at the return of the pope, as they thought nois. The other lords who had come from distant parts went,, it would be more advantageous for them. their different countries. We will now say how the prince of Wales carried on his affairs. We will now return to the prince. CH APTER CCLXXXVII. CHAPTER CCLXXXVIII. THE PFINCE OF WALES ASSEMBLES HIS ARMY AT COGNAC, WHERE HE THE PRINCE OF WALES, ANXIOUS TO RECOVEa LIMOGES, LAYS SIEGE r~ IT, MEETS HIS BEOTHER THE DUKE OF LANCASTER. THE DUEES OF ANJOU AND UNDERMINES iT. AND BEERY BREAK UF THEIR EXPEDITION, LIMOGES HAVING TUENED TO WHEN intelligence was brought to the prince that the city of Li~~THE FER~~EN~~C~H. ~moges had become French, that the bishop, who had been his comYou have before heard of the prince of Wales fixing his rendez- panion, and one in whom he used to place great confidence, was a vous at Cognac, with the intent of advancing to combat the duke of party to all the treaties, and had been much aiding and assisting in Anjou, who was burning and despoiling his territories. The barons, the surrender, he was in a violent passion, and held the bishop and; knights, and squires of Poitou and Saintonge, and all who were vas- all other churchmen in very low estimation, in whom formerly he sals to the prince, hastened to obey his summons. The earl of Pem- had put great trust. Hie swore by the soul of his father, which he broke quitted his garrison, with a hundred lances, and came to meet had never perjured, that he would have it back again, that he would him. The duke of Lancaster and his army arrived about this time not attend to anything beTore he had done this, and that he would atBordeaux, at which the country rejoiced much. He made not any make the inhabitants pay dearly for their treachery. When the long stay there; for, hearing that the prince was about to march greater part of his forces were arrived, he mustered tliem: they against his enemies, hlie departed, and met, one day's march from amounted to twelve hundred lances, knights and squires, a thousand Cognac, the earl of Pembroke, who was likewise going thither, archers, and a thousand footmen. They marched from the town of They were very happy to see each other, and rode together to Cog- Cognac. Sir Thomas Felton and the captal de Buch remained at nac, where they found the prince, princess, and earl of Cambridge, Bergerac, to guard that frontier against the French and the free com. who were greatly pleased at their arrival. Men-at-arms daily came panics who were dispersed over that part of the country. in from Poitou, Saintonge, La Rochelle, Bigorre, Gorre, Gascony, With the prince were, his brothers of Lancaster and Cambridge, and the surrounding countries under the obedience of the prince. sir Guiscard d'Angle, sir Louis de Harcourt, the lords de Pens, de The duke of Anjou, the count d'Armagnac, the lord d'Albret, and Partenay, de Pinane, de Tannaybouton, sir Percival du Coulogne, the counts, viscounts, knights, and squires of that army, who as be- sir Geoffry d'Argenton, Poitevins: of Gascons there were, the lords fore has been related, conquered cities, towns, and fortresses to the de Montferrant, de Chaumont, de Longueren, sir Aimery de Tharse, number of more than forty, by merely showing themselves before the lords de Porniers, de Mucident, de l'Esparre, the souldich de them, and who had advaniced within fifteen leagues of Bordeaux, la Trane,* the lord de Gironde and several more: of English there burning and ravaging the country round Bergerac and Linde, hearing were, lord Thomas Percy, the lord Roos, sir William Beauchamp, that the prince had summoned his forces to meet him at Cognac, and sir Michael de la Pole, sir Stephen Cossington, sir Richard de Pont — that the duke of Lancaster was arrived with a strong body of men- chardon, sir Baldwin de Franville, sir Simon Burley, the earl of An.. at-arms and archers from England, called a council to consider what gus, sir John Devereux, sir William Neville, and more whom I can-. measures would be now most proper for them to pursue. It was at not name: of Hainaulters, were sir Eustace d'Ambreticourt: of the, this time that the king of France had sent back sir Bertrand du free companies, sir Perducas d'Albret, Naudon de Bagerant, Lanuit4. Guesclin to the duke of Berry, who was besieging the city of Limo- the bourg de l'Esparre, the bourg de Breteuil, Espiote, Bernard deges, and had pressed it so hard that it was upon the point of surren- Wist, and others. dering, but upon good terms. Sir Bertrand was summoned to All these men-at-arms were drawn out in battle array, and took. attend this council of the duke of Anjou, as was right, and many the field, when the whole country began to tremble for the conse-. were the debates at it. At last, after well considering the business, quences. At that time the prince of Wales was not'able to moung the duke of Anjou was advised, for the present, to break up this his horse, but was, for his greater ease, carried in a litter. They~ expedition, to order his men to different garrisons, and to carry on followed the road to Limousin, in order to get to Limoges, where in the war from thence, as he had done sufficient in the open field. due time they arrived and encamped all roundit. The prince swore, It was therefore highly behoving the lords of Gascony who were he would never leave the place until he had regained it; The bishop. present, such as the count d'Armagnac, the count de Perigord, the of the place and the inhabitants found they had acted too wickedly,. lore d'Aibret, and others, to retire to their own country to guard and and had greatly incensed the prince; for which they Were very re~. defend it; for they knew not what the prince might be inclined to pentant, but that was now of no avail, as they were not'the masters:. of the town. Sir John de Villemur, sir Hugh de 1h Roche, and Roger. "Aine" —or Aisne, a river which rises in Champagne, and joins the OiGe a little above Compiegne. * "The souldiclh de la Trane." See Anstis, vol. ii. where.th'ere' is a Idng'account o{" /;" Marne" —a large river which rises near Bassiny. him, and mention also is made of the Mrds de Montferrant and'de l'Esparre. [A ped/i ~ "Aube" —a considerable river in Champagne. It rises at Auberive, near Langres. gree of the family is given, and it is,.early shown that the name of Sou!dich de Ito 11 "Provins" —an ancient town of BIF on the Morin, which runs into the Marnc, ~ Trane, or more properly Tran, was only a title, and that Isis family name was do Preol eagues front Paris s.ao. —~oJ 900 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &Ce. de Beaufort, who commanded in it, did all they could to comfort could. Thus was this knight slain: and those lords who were posted them by saying, "Gentlemen, do not be alarmed: we are sufficiently at the barriers had him buried in holy ground. The squirt returne, strong to hold out against the army of the prince: he cannot take us to the army, and related the misfortune which had befallen his nias by assault, nor greatly hurt us, for we are well supplied with artil- ter. All his brother-warriors were greatly angered thereat: and they lerv." marched to take up their quarters for the night, between Montle. When the piince and his marshals had well considered the strength hery* and Paris, upon a small river, where they encamped at an early and force of Limoges, and knew the number of gdntlemen that were hour in the day. in it, they agreed that they could never take it by assault, but said they would attempt it by another manner. The prince was always CHAPTER CCXC. accustomed to carry with him, in his expeditions, a large body of miners: these were immediately set to work, and made great pro- SiR BERTRAND DU GUESCLIN TAKES THE FORTRESS OF ST. YRIER IN LIMO1 gress. The knights who were in the town soon perceived they were SIN. THE INCE OF WALES RECONQURS LIMOGES. undermining them, and on that account began to countermine, to DURING the time sir Robert Knolles was employed in this expediprevent the effect. But we will now leave the prince a little, to re- tion, and the prince of Wales with his two brothers were at the siege turn to sir Robert Knolles. of Limoges, sir Bertrand du Guesclin with his company, amounting to about two hundred lances, marched through a part of Limous:.l, but did not encamp in the open plain for fear of the English. He C H A P T E R C C L X X X I X. retreated every night into some of the strong places which had lately SIR ROBERT KNOLLES, IN CONTINUING IIIS INCURSIONS THIIROUGH DIFFER- turned to the French: in that number were the castles of sir Louis ENT PROVINCES OF FRANCE, ADVANCES NEAR TO PARIS. A KNIGHT OF de Maleval and sir Raymond de Marneil, and several others: from HIS ARMIY IN RETURNING FROM A VAINGLORIOUS EXPEDITION, IS SLAIN thence he made daily excursions to conquer other towns and castles. BY A BUTCHER OF PARIS. The prince knew well all this; for he received every day informa. SIR Robert Knolles, as has been before related, had entered France tion of what was passing, as well as complaints on the subject; but with a large body of men, and was marching by short stages through he would not break up his siege, for he had too much at heart the that ingdom with a magnificence for which the people and the rich loss of Limoges. Sir Bertrand entered the viscounty of Limoges, a provinces paid dearly. The English, as they advanced and retreated, teritory which was dependent 00 lord John de Motfort, duke did infinite mischief, at the same time showing as if they only wished of Brittay, i te name of the wiow of lod Charles de Blois, to for a battle. Having passed through the countries of Artois, Ver- whom it had formerly belonged. He made war upon it without any mandois, the bishopric of Laon, the archbishopric of Rheims in Chai- opposition; for the duke of Brittany did not imagine sir Bertrand woulditon carr the ware inof Brtany part nof hisain piroperty.H aebfren pagne, they returned into Brie, and from thence came near to Paris, would carry the war into any part of his proprty. He came befor and quartered themselves for a day and two nights in the villages St. oier, wnere tnere were not any gentlemen that knew how to ~~~~~~~~arounu~d it. ~defend it; and the inhabitants were so fiightened, they surrendered arournd it. a ta i i h iy n cu themselves under the obedience of the duchess dowager of Brittany, King Charles of France was at that time in the city, and he could in whose name the war was made. The Bretons formed St. Yriel see friom his palace of St. Pol the fire and smoke which the enemy inoans be arrs by which means they tol many ol were making in the Gatinois. There were also in the city the con- nto a considerable garrison; Buesrttrnt opei stable of France sir Moreau de Fiennes, the count de St. Pol, the towns in imousin. But let us return to the prince. count de Tancarville, the count de Saltzburg, the viscount Meaux, The prince of Wales remained about a month, and not more, be. sir Raoul de Coucy, the sdneschal of Hainault, sir Odoart de Renti, fore the city of Limoges: he would not allow of any assaults 01 sir Enguerrand d'Audin, the lord de Ch&teau-julien, sir John de skirmishing, but kept his miners steadily at work. The knights in Vienne, the lord de la Riviere, and many more great knights and the town perceived what they were about, andt made countermines valorous men of France, but not one of them sallied forth, for the king to destroy them; but they failed in their attempt. When the miners had strictly forbidden them so to do. The lordde Clisson, who was of the prince (who, as they found themselves countermined, kept of the king's cabinet council, and more listened to than the rest, changing the line of direction of their own mine) had finished thel said everything he, could to prevent any knight firom quitting the, said everything he could to prevent any kinight from quitting the business, they came to the prince, and said: "Mylord, we are ready, and will throw down, whenever you please, a very large part of the your men aginst these mmn? Let then go aout the wall into the ditch, through the breach of which you may enter the your men against these madmen? Let thern go about their busi- ness. They cannot take your inheritance from you, nor drive you town at your ease and without danger." This news was very agree out of it- by smoke." able to the prince, who replied, "I wish then that you would prove The count de St. Pol, the viscount de Rohan, sir Raoul de Coucy, your words to-morrow morning at six o'clock." The miners set fire the lords de Canrin, de Cresquos, sir Odoart de Renti and sir En- to the combustibles in the mine; and on the morrow morning, as they guerrand d'Audin, were at the barriers of St. James's gate. Now had foretold the prince, they flung down a great piece of wall, which it happened one Tuesday morning, when the English begn to de. filled the ditches. The English saw this with pleasure, for they camp, and had set fire to all the villages wherein they were lodged, were all armed and prepared to enter the town. Those on foot did so that the fires were distinctly seen from Paris, a knight of their so, and ran to the gate, which they destroyed as well as the barriers, army, who had made a vow the preceding day that hlie would advance for there were no other defences; and all this was done so suddenly as far as the barriers and strike them with his lance, did not break that the inhabitants had not time to prevent it. his oath, but set off with his lance in his hand, his target on his The prince, the duke of Lancaster, the earls of Cambridge and of neck, and completely armed except his helmet, and spurring his Pembroke, sir Guiscard d'Angle and the others, with their men, steed, was followed by his squire on another courser carrying the rushed into the town. You would then have seen pillagers, active helmet. When he approached Paris. he put on the helmet, which to do mischief, running through the town, slaying men, women and his squire laced behind. He then galloped away, sticking spurs into children, according to their orders. It was a most melancholy busi. his horse, and advanced prancing to strike the barriers. They were ness; for all ranks, ages and sexes cast themselves on their knees'then open; and the lords and barons within imagined he intended before the prince, begging'for mercy; but he was so inflamed with to enter the town, but he did not mean any such thing, for, having passion and revenge that he listened to none, but all were put tothe struck the gates according to his vow, he checked his horse and sword, wherever they could be found, even those who were not turned about. The French knights who saw him thus retreat cried guilty:Gfor I know not why the poor were not sparetl, who could out to him, "Get away! get away! thou hast well acquitted thy- not have had any part in this veason; but they suffered for it, and self." As for the name of this knight, I am ignorant of it, nor do I indeed more than those who had been the leaders of the treachery. know from what country he came; but he bore for his arms gules a There was not that day in the city of Limoges any hearts so har-deux fousses noir, with une bordure noire non endentee. However, dened, or that had any sense ofreligon, who did not deeply bewail sanh adventure befel him, from which he had not so fortunate an Os- the unfortunate events passing before their eyes; for upward of three,cape. On his return, he met a butcher on the pavement in the sub- thousand men, women and children were put to deathsthat day. God;urbs, a very strong man, who had noticed him as he had passed have mercy on their souls! for they were veritable martyrs.:him, and who had in his hand a very sharp and heavy hatchet with A company of English, in entering the town, hastened to the a long handle. As the knight was returning alone, and in a care- palace of the bishop, whom they there found and took prisoner, carry-'less manner, the valiant butcher came on one side of him, and gave ing him, without any regard to his dignity, to the prince of' Wales, him such a blow between the shoulders that he fell on his horse's who, eyeing him indignantly, told him that his head should be cut neck: he recovered himself, but the butcher repeated the blow on off, and ordered him out of his presence. Ihis hend so that the axe entered it. The knight, through excess of We will now speak of those knights who were in the town, sir'pain, fell to the earth; and the horse galloped away to the squire, John de Villemur, sir Hugh de la Roche, and Roger de Beamfort, who was waiting for his master in the fields at the extrity of the son to the count de Beaufort, governors of the city. When they isuburbs. The squire caught the courser, but wondered what was perceived the tribulation which was overpowenng them, they said!:become of his master; for he had seen him gallop to the barriers, "We shall all be slain for a certainty, if we do not gallantly deo'eno s~trilt them, and then turn about to come backr. He therefore set ourselves: let us therefore sell our lives as dearly as good knights Iout to look for him; but he had not gone many paces before he saw ought to do." Upon this, sir John de Villemur said to Roger de him in the hands of four fellows, who were beating him as if they Beaufort, "You must be knighted." Roger replied, " Sir, I have were hammering on an anvil: this. so much frightened the squire not as yet signalized myself sufficiently for that honor, bat I thank that he dared not advance further, for he saw he could not give him a a "Montleher~"'-a towi in mothe Isle ofFrance seven leagues from Pa.i'~~ effedtual assistance: he therefore returned as speedfly as he! ~ "St. rie,:'-a village in Limoulsin. election of Tulles. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 201 you much for your good opinion in suggesting it to me." No more deserted, which vexed him much on account of the distress and loss was said, for they had not time to hold further conversation. They of the late inhabitants. It was therefore thought advisable in a collected in a body, and, placing themselves before an old wall, sir council of nobles and prelates, as well as by the common assent of John de Villemur and sir Hugh de Ia Roche displayed their banners, the whole kingdom, to elect a chief or commander, called a constable and drew up in good order. They might be, in the whole, about (for sir Moreau de Fiennes wished to resign the office) who was a fourscore. The duke of Lancaster and the earl of Cambridge, with valiant and enterprising man, and one to whom all knights and squires their men, advanced upon them, and dismounted, to be on an equality would pay proper deference. After all things had been well con. with the enemy. They attacked them with hearty good will. You sidered, they unanimously elected sir Bertrand du Guesclin (provided may easily imagine that this handful of men could not resist the he would undertake the office,) as the most valiant, the best informed, K-!glish, but were all slain or made prisoners. the most virtuous and fortunate in conducting affairs for the crown of France of all those who were bearing arms in its defence. The king r-x..~_ _. ~ ~ ill' ~~~~wrote to him by messengers, for him to come to Paris. Those sent!~) =ft ~s found hdim in the The duke of LancasterJOval viscounty of Limode\_K_ Roelrwhwsahrykihges, tatking castles earl,-=~~~~~~~~~~~~~ o m g n os g 1o at r d ah e o g w eand forts, whrich he put under the obedience of mnad. _a ~ ~ ~~~''i 1A arnme de Bretagne, widow of the late lord Charles de Blois. He had lately taken a town ofN~ Lnae,"rJn vontitdowacpbofoavltahe utosnta called Brantome,* whose inhabitants lish hep dj te e o n i s r d l gc td o h rayhd surrendered themselves to him, and was then on an - expedition against another. When the king's messengers came to him, he received them handsomely, -__ _____________~ ______ as he knew well I —___ ust inorm y how to do. They _______ —.p —~ —-riss~~n mel,==" —~~ who~J had gave him their let. of- Lancas —~ —' —- -.-.-. ter, and delivered their messageword for word. When SACK OF LIMOGES. From a MS. Froissart of the 15th century. sir Bertrand thus saw himself specially ordered, he The duke of Lancaster was engaged for a long time with sir John was unwilling to make any more excuses for not waiting on the king de Villemur, who was a hardy knight, strong and well made. The of France to know his will: he set out as soon as possible, having earl of Cambridge singled out sir Hugh de la Roche, and the earl ordered all his men into the garrisons which he had conquered, of Pembroke Roger de Beaufort, who was but a simple esquire. and appointed his nephew, sir Olivier de Mauny, commander over These three Frenchmen did many valorous deeds of arms, as all theni. He rode on to Paris, where he found the king surrounded allowed, and ill did it betide those who approached too near. The by a number of the lords of his council. He was received by all prince, coming that way in his carriage, looked on the combat with with great pleasure; and the king told him of his being chosen great pleasure, and enjoyed it so much that his heart was softened constable of France. On hearing which, sir Bertrand modestly and his anger appeased. After the combat had lasted a consider- and sagely excused himself, saying, "he was not worthy of it: that able time, the Frenchmen, with one accord, viewing their swords, he was a poor knight and simple bachelor, in comparison with the said, "My lords, we are yours: you have vanquished us: there- great lords and valorous men of France, however fortune might have fore act according to the law of arms." "By God," replied the duke been favorable to him." The king replied, "that his excuses would of Lancaster, "sir John, we do not intend otherwise, and we accept be of no avail; that he must consent to accept this dignity, for it you for our prisoners." Thus, as I have been informed, were these had been so determined by the decision of the whole of the council three knights taken. But the business was not here ended, for the of France, and that he would not break through such a resolution." whole town was pillaged, burnt, and totally destroyed. The Eng- Sir Bertrand used other arguments to excuse himself; adding "Dear lish then departed, carrying with them their booty and prisoners. lord and noble king, I cannot, I dare not, whatever I may wish, op. They marched to Cognac, where the princess had remained, and pose what may be your good, pleasure: but in truth I am too poor there the prince disbanded his forces, not intending to do anything a man, and of low extraction, for the office of constable, which is more that season; for he did not feel himself at his ease, as every so grand and noble that it is proper for those (who wish to exercise exertion aggravated his disorder, which was increasing, to the great it justly and honorably) to command and keep a strict eye more dismay of his brothers and all those about him. upon the great than the poor. Now Sir, here are my lords your I must inform you how the bishop of Limoges escaped with im- brothers, your nephews and your cousins, who will have different prisonment, who had been in imminent danger of his life. The duke commands in your armies, and in various expeditions; and how of Lancaster asked him of the prince, who consented, and ordered shall I dare to order them? Certainly, my dear lord, envy and him to be given up to the duke, for him to do with according as he jealousy are so much abroad, I ought to be on my guard against willed. The bishop having good friends, they sent information of them; I therefore entreat you will not insist on my taking this office, his situation to the pope, who had lately arrived at Avignon; and but give it to some other who will readily accept it, and, who knows fortunate was it for the bishop they did so, otherwise he would have better than I do how to execute it." The king made answer: "Sir been a dead man. The pope wrote such pressing and kind letters Bertrand, that excuse will not serve you; for I have neither brother, to the duke of Lancaster, to request he would give him the bishop, nephew, cousin, count or baron in my realm but who will obey your that he Was unwilling to refuse, and sent him to the pope, who felt rorders; and should any one act otherwise, he would so anger me that exceedingly obliged for it. he should soon feel the effects of it: I therefore beg of you to accept We will now say what was going forward in France. this office with a good will." Sir Bertrand, finding that no excuse nor anything he could say would be listened to, accepted the king's offer, but it was much C Ht A P T E Rl. C C X C I. against his inclination. He was invested with the office of constable SIR BERTRAND DU GUESCLIN IS MADIE CONSTABLE OF FRANCE. and the king, to show him greater affection, made him be seiated at THrE king of France was informed of the conquest and destruction his table, and gave him, besides this office, many rich gifts and large r Limnoges, and how the prince and his army had left it empty and * "Brantoms".-a town ia Perigord, dioceae ofPeriruoux 202 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c, domains in land, for him and his heirs. The duke of Anjou was possible when they saw they were defeated. Among the prisoners very active in forwarding this promotion. were, sir Thomas Grantson, sir Gilbert Gifford, sir Geoffry Worsley, sir William Neville, sir Philip Courtenay, sir Hugh Despencer, and many more knights and squires, who were all conducted to th6 city CHAPTER CCXCII. of Mans. Intelligence of this was speedily spread over the country, and soon known to sir Robert Knolles, sir Hugh Calverley and the $IX BERTRAND DU GUESCLIN AND THE LORD DE CLISSON DEFEAT THE others, who were much vexed thereat, and broke up their intended FORCES OF SIR ROBERT KNOLLES AT FONT-VALIN.* attack, through this unexpected event. Those at Saumur, as well SOON after sir Bertrand du Guesclin had been invested with the as in other quarters, remained quiet. Sir Robert Knolles and sir dignity of constable, he told the king he wished to form an expedi- Aleyne Boxhull made a handsome retreat into Brittany, for they against sir Robert forces, who were at that time were not far distant. Sir Robert went to his castle of Derval, where tion against sir Robert Knolles and his forces, who were at that timle ton the borders of Maine and Anjou. This was very agreeable to he gave orders to all his men-at-arms and archers to go wherevet on the borders of Maine and Anjou. This was very agreeable to the king, who said to him, "1 Take any number of men-at-arms you they might find profit or honor, and several returned to England, hlease, and wh"atever else you may think right.of The constable whence they had come. Sir Aleyne Boxhull went to pass the wintet please, and whatever else you may think right." The constable in his town of St. Sauveur le Vicomte, which the king of England made every necessary preparation, and collected a large body of ad given to him. men-at-arms, Bretons and others, and marched toward Maine, taking After the defeat of Pont-valin, where a part of the English were with him the lord de Clisson. The constable came to the city of slain and the remainder put to the rout, so that the expedition was Mans, where he fixed his head-quarters, and the lord de Clisson in ruined, sir Bertrand du Gueslin (whose entrance into the office of another town hard by: they might be about five hundred lances. riesrBrrn uGeci woeetac noteofeo another town hard by: they might be about five hundred lances. constable had been thus fortunately signalized, in a way to gain him Sir Robert Knolles and his army were still in that part of the great horad rptio)cmtoPi, a niy thlo country, but did not agree very well together; for there was an dCionor and reputation) came to Paris, accompanied by the lord de Clisson, and bringing with them the greater part of the prisoners, English knight among them, called. Sir John Menstreworth,t who to whom they behaved very handsomely, allowing them to go at always objected to what others proposed, and said they only wasted large on their parole for their ransom. They neither shut them up their time in these expeditions, and wore down and fatigued the men - without doing anything essential, or making any conquest. This in piison, nor put on shackles and fetters, as the Germans do in order to obtain a heavier ransom. Curses on them for it. These people knight, who commanded a large force, and had some able men-atkni, who commanded a large force, and ad some abe are without pity or honor, and they ought never to receive quarter. arms with him, left the others. Sir. Robert Knolles and sir Aleyne The French entertained their prisoners well, and ransomed them Boxhull, however, kept together, and were quartered pretty near to reo thtin thr wi them Mans. Sir Thomas Grantson, sir Gilbert Gifford, sir Geoffly Worsley, courteously without being too hard with them. and sir William Neville, were quartered a good day's march in the The prince of Wales, the duke of Lancaster and all the English, ~~~~~~~~~~~~~rear. ~who, after the conquest and vengeance taken on Limoges, had retired re ar. to Cognac, were much dismayed by the defeat at Pont-valin. When sir Robert Knolles and sir Aleyne Boxhull heard that the doCga, wrm ismayed bthe defeat oat nnvalin. constable of France and the lord de Clisson were come ilto those s year, about Christmas, Pope Urban V. died at Avignon. He wsalearned and wise man, and a good Frenchman. The cardinals parts, they were much rejoiced, and said, "It will be well for us to as aslearned and wise man, c a good Frenchman. The cardinals assembled in conclave to choose a successor, when they unanimously collect our forces more together, and post ourselves to our advantage elected the cardinal de Beaufort, who took the name of pope Gregory in this country; for sir Bertrand, in the novelty of office, is certainly XI The king of France was well pleased with this creation and XI. The king of France was well pleased with this creation and come to look at us, and he would not have been happy if he had not divine election, for he knew him to be a loyal Frenchman and a made this expedition. We have already rode through the realm of p n mn he k o o a o rnh n prudent man. The duke of Anjou was at Avignon during the con. France without meeting with any hindrance. Let us inform sir clave, and took much pains that he should be elected pope. Hugh Calverley (who is at Saumur on the Loire,) and sir Robert Cheney, sir Robert Briquet, and the other captains of companies who are near us, of our situation and intentions, who will willingly hasten to join us. We may therefore fall upon this new constable, and the C H A P T E R C C X C I I I. lord de Clisson, who is so much our enemy;I and we shall make a SIR EUSTACE D'AMBRETICOURT IS MADE rRISONER AND RANSOMED. SIli handsome finish to our campaign." Between sir Robert Knolles, sir RAYMOND DE MARNEiL, A FARTISAN OF FRANCE, IS TAKEN, AND IN Aleyne Boxhull, and sir John Seton, there was not any difference of iMMINENT DANGER, BUT SAVED BY HIS REEPER. opinion; and they acted always in unison. They immediately sent A VERY unfortunate adventure befel ir Eustace d'Ambreticourt off messengers secretly to sit Hugh Calverley, sir Robert Briquet, and much about this time. As he was riding one day through Limousin, much about this time. As he was riding one day through Limousint, the others, with letters to inform them how they were situated, and he came in the evening to the castle of the lord de Pierre Buffiere, to propose that they should join in an attack upon the French. They which he entered, thinking him a friend, a brother soldier, and a good signified the same to sir Thomas Grantson, sir Gilbert Gifford, sir Englishmarn. But Pierre Buffiere had given up his castle to Thibaut G.eoffly Worsley and the others, desiring them to advance to a place which they pointed out to them, for they were in hopes to engage the d Pont, a mEn-at-arms from Brittany, and his company. Thibaut French who had come on this expeditio.~...... ecolvmg this Ie. seized sir Eustace, who was not any way on his guard, made him French who had come on this expedition. Upon receiving this intel his prisoner, and afterwards ransomed him for twelve thousand francs, ligence, they all made ready with great cheerfulness to join their of which he paid down four thousand, and left his son, ranis t~~~~~~~~~~ofaottohnrdser.Ti atr which he paid down four thousand, and left his son, Franqois companies, amounting to about two hudred spears. This matter, d'Ambreticourt, his hostage for the remainder to the duke of Bour. however, was not carried on so secretly but that sir Bertrand and bo who had gone security for him, and had taken great pains tc the lord de Clisson got wind of it, and knew also what was intended obtain his liberty, because sir Eustace had been very active in ob. on the junction of their forces: they therefore armed themselves taing the freedom of thea his liberty, because sir Eustace had been very active in o.made durig te fl~h, ad, arcing~Rih teirmenandgarisos, odBtaining the freedom of the lady his mother, when she had been made during the night, and, marching with their men and garrisons, took prisoner by the free comparies at Belleperche. After he had obtained the field, This same night, sir Thomas Grantson, sir Geoffry Worsley, his iberty, sir Eustace went and resided an Carentan, beyond the sir Gilbert Gifford, sir William Neville, and the others, had left their fords of St. Clement in lower Normandy, a very handsome town fords of St. Clement in lower Normandy, a very handsome town quarters, and advanced toward sir Robert Knolles and sir Aleyne which the king of Navarre had given him, and where he died. God Boxhull, to a spot'where they expected to find them. But their have mercy on his soul! for while he lived and remained in the have mercy on his soul! for while he lived and remained in the march was shortened; for, directly at a place called Pont-valin, they world he was a most valiant knight. were met by the French, who immediately charged them, and sur- rl as pod i ndw Nearly at this period, sir Raymond de MRarnell, who had changed rounded them, as they were full four hundred lances, and the English his party from the English to the French, was returning to his own about two hundred. The battle was sharp and long, and well fought country from Paris, when he met with a disagreeable accident. On on both sides. As soon as they met, they dismounted, and attacked h roa he e o E ish beln in t O each other most valiantly with spears and swords. The French his road he encountered a body of English, belonging to the forces eachothr mot vliatly ithspers ad sord. Th Frnchof sir Hugh Calverley, commanded by a knight of Poitou, and came gained the victory over the English, who were all slain or made ofsir ugh Calverley, commanded by a knight of Poetou, and came so suddenly among them that he could not escape: he was thus prisoners; for not an Englishman fled, except some of the pages or taken, and carried prisoner to the castle of the ight in Poitou. taken, and carried prisoner to the castle of the knight in Poitou. servants, who, mounting their masters' coursers, made off as fast as The capture of sir Raymond was known in England, and came to * Pont-valin-a towa in Anjou, election of Ia Fldche. the king's knowledge, who immediately wrote to the knight, ordering t "Sir Jo01n Menstreworth."' Froissart calls hlim laiaistrurde. I have followed him to send that enemy and traitor sir Raymond de Marneil directly Barnes, who adds that lie was atraitor, sold to the French. and, having embezzled large to England, on whom he would wreak such vengeance as shou!d sums destined for the pay of the arny, was afraidto be called to an account for them. serve as an example to all others; and that he would pay him six Thte lord dc Gliesos, so atch sozs- ny. Hlis quarrel with the duke ofBrittany and thousand francs for his ransom. Sir Geoffry d'Argenton, who had the English, to whosm be bid always been attached, was caused by the duke's refusal of a request he made for the lordship of Gavre, which ws very convenient to him, taken sir Raymond, was not willing to disobey the orders of his near his castle of Blein. sovereign and lord, and replied he would punctually follow'his com. When lie asked tbr it, the duke said heI lad disposed ofitin favor of sir John Chandos, mands. Sir Raymond de Marneil was informed that the king of to whom he had essential obligations. Clisson. enraged at this preference, swore he England wisied to have his person, and had sent orders to that effect; would never have rsn Englishman for his neighbor, set fire to the house, and had tlehe stones carried to Blein, using them to fortify this castle. lie conceived so mortal a hatred and also that sir Geoffry was determined to obey him. He was thereto the English tlhat he embraced the party of the countess dePenthievre, on whom he had fore more alarmed than ever, and not without reason. He began to before made war, and accepted the lieutenancy of Brittany under her. and the~guard of utter in his prison the most piteous moans, insomuch that the person alltheplaces-se hiad tsere, This change of conduct introduced him to the service of who guarded him, and w as an Englishman,. began to compassionate Charles V. who admitted him to his councils, loaded him with gifts, and gave him the eutenancy.-general do Touraine'-'nires tand Guesclin, a B L,,him, and gently to soothe him. Sir Raymond, who saw no rays e VoL i. D.210, note. comfort in his diStress, since he was to be. sent to England, at ha1~ CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 203 opened his mind to his keeper. " My friend," said he, "if you will the barons of Gasc. ony and Poitou.* While all these things were engage to deliver me from the peril in which I am, I will promise going forward, and the funeral occupied every one's attention, and and swear on my loyalty to divide half and half with you all my detained the barons in Bordeaux, there issued forth from the garriranded possessions, which you shall have for your inheritance; and son of Perigord upward of two hundred lances of Bretons, whom the never as long as I live will I be wanting to you in whatever manner duke of Anjou had sent and posted there. They were commanded you may please." The Englishman, who was poor, considered that by four valiant and hardy kiaights, whose names were, sir William sir Raymond was in danger of his life, and as he had promised him de Longueval, sir Alain de la Houssaye, sir Louis de Mailly, and such a handsome recompense to save it, he took compassion on him, the lord d'Arcy. These knights marched with their men to a hand. and said he would do all he could to serve him. Sir Raymond heard some and strong castle called Mont-paon, of which a knight was this with great joy, and swore upon his honor to perform strictly what lord. When these Bretons arrived, and had advanced up to the he had promised, and even more if he insisted upon it. Upon which barriers, they manceuvred as if they intendudc an immediate assault, they consulted how they could best bring this business to a happy end. and completely surrounded it. Upon which sir William de MontWhen night came, the Englishman, who kept thle keys of the paon, proving he had more of French courage than English, turned tower of the castle where sir Raymond lay, opened his prison and a to them, and in short surrendered. He gave admittance to these postern-gate, from which they issued into the plain, and made for a knights and their companions into his castle, of which they took wood, to prevent themselves being overtaken. They were in greater possession, and said they would defend it against all the world. distress all the night than can be imagined; for they marched seven They repaired and added to it whatever might have been wanting. leagues on foot, and it had firozen so hard that their feet were all cut Intelligence of this was soon carried to Bordeaux, when the duke and tori. At last, however, at the dawn they camne to a French of Lancaster told the barons they were inactive, for that the Bretons fortress, where they were heartily received by the companions who had made an incursion, and had taken Mont-paon, which was close guarded it. Sir Raymond related to them his adventures, and they to their borders. Indeed, when the duke and barons first heard of all returned thanks to God for his fortunate escape. In truth, when this, they were much ashamed and made immediate preparations the knight on the morrow found they had gone off, he sent horsemen for marching toward that part; they set out from the city of Bor. everywhere round the country iu search of them, but in vain. In deaux on a Wednesday after dinner. With the duke of Lancaster this manner did sir Raymond de Marneil escape firom such imminent there were, the lords de Pens and de Partenay, sir Louis de Har-. danger. He returned to Limousin, and told all his firiends his great court, sir Guiscard d'Angle, sir Percival de Coulogne, sir Geoffry obligations to the English squire. The Englishman was much hon- d'Argenton, sir James de Surgeres, sir Maubrun de Liniers, sir Wilored by them, and sir Raymond wanted to divide his estate with him; liam de Montendre, sir Hugh de Vinoye, the lord de Crupenac, and but he refused to accept so much, and would only take two hundred many more knights and barons of Poitou and Saintonge. From iives a-year, adding that was fully sufficient for the support of him. Gascony were, the captal de Buch, the lord de Pommiers, sir Helie self in his situation. de Pommiers, the lords de Chaumont, de Montferrant, de Langeron, the souldich de la Trane, sir Bernardet de Albret, the lord de Gironide, sir Aimery de Testu, and several others. Of the English C H A P T ER C C X C I V. were, sir Thomas Felton, lord Thomas Percy, the lord Roos, sir'TtE PRINCE OF WALES, HAVING LOST nY DEATH IlS ELDEST SON, sMichael de la Pole, the lord Willoughby, sir William Beauchamp, IVS uP v UCv OF AQsUITAINE TO THE CAREir Richard de Pontchardon, sir Baldwin de Franville, the earl of GIVES UP'TIIE DUCHY OF AQUITAINE TJO THE CARE OF THE DUKE OF LANCASTER. FOUR KrNIGHTS OF BRITTANY TAKE THE CASTLE OF Angus, and many more. They were in all rather more than seven MONT-PAON.* hundred spears and five hundred archers. They marched in good order to Mont.paon, where on their arrival sir William de MontAT this time, the eldest son of the prince and princess of Wales paon, seeing the duke of Lancaster and his army come to besiege died in the city of Bordeaux. They were exceedingly grieved at him, felt very uneasy; for he knew that, if he were taken, he should this event, and not without reason. The prince was advised to re- die a disgraceful death, without hopes of mercy, as he had done too turn to England, as perhaps he might themr recover his health; and, much against him to expect any. He told his fears to the four as this advice was given him by his physicians and surgeons, he knights, and said he should make his escape and go to Perigord: agreed to it. Preparations were made for his departure; and, I be.- but that they were masters of his castle to do as they pleased with lieve, the earls of Cambridge and Pembroke were ordered to return it. Upon this he directly departed, and went to the city of Peri. with him to bear him company. gord, which was very strong, and left his castle under the guard of When the prince was about to leave Aquitaine, and his vessel these four knights. was in the harbor of Bordeaux, on the river Garonne, where he had arrived with the princess and the young Richard, his son, he issued from the city of Bordeaux a special summons to all the barons and C H A P T E R C C X C V. knights of Gascony and Poitou, and to all others over whom he was THE FOUR KNIGHTS DEFEND THEMSELVES AGAINST THE DUKE OF LAN. lord or who depended on him. When they were arrived, and assem- CASTER. THE DUKE, ON TAKING TIE PLACE, ADMITS TILEM TO bled before him in his hall of audience, he addressed them by say- RANSOM. ing, " that during the time he had been their prince, he had always WHEN the duke of Lancaster was arrived at Montpaon, with all maintained them in peace, prosperity, and power, as far as depended his barons, ights, and men arms, he immediately laid siege to on him, against all their enemies; but that now, in the hope of re- it. They built themselves substantial huts all round the castle, as if covering his health, of which he had great need, he intended to return hey tem ee su nta hu r e t, ai totEngland: he therefor beou~t hem earneslytoputheirfaiththey were to remain there seven years. They were not, however, to Eng~land: he therefore besoug-ht them earnestly to put their faith c l n h eeo bauh te ansl u hi atidle, but began the assault with great vigor, and had large quantities in, and to serve and obey his brother, the duke of Lancaster, as they of wood and faggots cut down by the peasants, and carried to the had before served and obeyed him: that they would find him a good ditches, which they threw in and covered with large beams and and courteous lord, and he begged of' them to aid and assist him in earth; by which means they were so filled up that they could ad in ~~~~~~~~earth; by which means they were so filled up that they could adalh his affairs." The barons of Aquitaine, Gascony, Poitou, and nn hs af~ir."" he aron ofAquinine Gacony Potouandvance to the walls to skirmislx withx the garrison, as was daily done, Saintonge assented to his request, and swore upon their faith and ance to the wals to skirmish with the garrison, as was daily done, and there were many gallant conflicts. The four Breton knights in loyalty never to desert him. They performed fealty and homage to the castle were right good men-at-arms, and fought and defended the duke, declaring themselves willing to pay him all affection, ser- themselves so valorously, that they were deserving of great praise. s themselves so valorously, that they were deserving of great praise. vice, and obedience. This they swore ia the prince's presence, and They werenot dismayed, however near the English or Gascons they all kissed him on the nouth.t After these affairs were settled, h might advance, and never suffered them to return conquerors. the prince did not tarry long in Bordeaux, but embarked on board hisvesselwiththe prince ssr and is sone, accompanied by th arl Not far distant, in the garrison of St. Macaire,t which belonged to his vessel with the princess and his son, accompanied by the earls the Bretons, were John de Malestroit and Silvestre Budes, the gov. of Cambridge and Pembroke. There were in this fleet five hundred nd ernors of it, who, hearing every day of the great feats of arms which combatants, besides archers.. They had favorable weather, and, were doing before Montpaon, were anxious to be partakers of them. meeting with no accident., arrived safely at Southampton. They They conversed frequently on this subject, saying, "Since we know were disembarked;. and,, after having refreshed themselves for two that our companions are so near to us, and tose valiant men," as days, all mounted their horses, and took the road for Windsor, ex- such a one and such a one, naming them,"have daily five or six cept the prince, who was carried in his litter.. On their arrival, they attacks on their hands, and are continually fighting, whil e remain attacks on their hands, and are continually fighting, while we remain found tim king', who was then there. He received'his children very fod th ing, who was then thee. eceivedhis children very ere doing of nothing, we certainly do not act well.?' They were kiMadly, and made many inquii'es into the state of Guienne. After thepiac had made smesty with the k he o his leae very eager-to go and assist them; but, when their companions had the prince had made some stay with the king, he took his leave, all spoken, they began to consider the danger there might be, if they and retired to his manor of Berkhamstead, twenty miles from the should leave the garrison without one of the commanders, and thet city of London. We will for the present leave the prince, and say puzzled them how to act. Silvestre Budes said, "By God, I will what had passed in Aquitaine. Soonl af-r the departure of u thne pracefl-on-Bordeauxthedukeofgo." "Silvestre," replied John, "you shall stay, and I will go." Soon af'~rl the departure of the prince fi-om Bordeaux, the duke of ") This dispute continued some time. At last they agreed on their wrd. ste was veryd geratiadand magnficent, lrand was andhewEd. byalloaths, before all their companions, to draw straws, and that he who ward. It was very grand and magnificent, and was attended by all.* He was buried in the Augustine Friars, London.' "Mont-paon" —a village of Rouergue, election of Milhaud. "Here was interred the bodie of Edward, the eldest sonne ot Edward the black prince, $" All kissed him on the mouth." Itommage de bouche et des mains is done by a by. Joan his wifi, surnamed The Faire Maide of Kent, who was born at Ango'esome assal with head uncovered, hands joined, and a kiss received, which binds him to fight anne 1375, and died at seven years of age."-WEavER's Funeral JMonuments. [or his lord only in defence of the lands whe'eoflhe holds. —CoTelAve. t t. Macairs-a city of Guienne, on the Garonne, nine leagues from Bordeaux. 204 I CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. nad the longest straw should go, and the other remain. Upon which They daily harassed the country, either about Thouars or about Poi. they drew straws, and Silvestre Bides had the longest, which created tiers, and greatly damaged and pillaged the inhabitants. On the a great laugh among the company. Silvestre did not take it for a other side, Carnet le Breton held Chatelheraut, with seven hundred joke, but went and made himself ready; when, mounting his horse, Bretons, who much ruined the country. The garrisons from la he set off with eleven men-at-arms, and rode for the castle of Mont- Roche-Posay and St. Salvin were out almost every day, so that the paon, where he arrived and entered in the evening. The knights barons and knights of Poitou attached to the English, dared not ven. and garrison were much rejoiced at seeing him, for they had a high ture abroad but in large parties, for fear of the French, who had,pinion of his courage. thus forced themselves into their country. As I have before said, there were continued attacks every day Soon after the return from Mont-paon, and when the lords of Pot made on Mont-paon:; and the knights within defended themselves so ton had retired to their own countrj, which was one of the frontiers well that they acquired great honor, for until a large piece of the to France, many secret negotiations were set on foot by the lord wall had been thrown down, they were not any way dismayed. The Louis de St. Julien, the viscount de la Rouchechouart, and several English had brought thither large machines and other engines of as- others in the French interest, who, with large sums received from sault, which they could nowplace near to the walls where the ditches the king of France, labored day and night, to gain over the lords of were filled up. There were also footmen covered with large shields, Poitou to his party. These negotiations were. so successful that the who worked with pick-axes, and labored so earnestly that one after- lord de Pens turned to the French, in spite of the entreaties of the noon they flung down upward of forty feet of the wall. The lords lady his wife, and of all the inhabitants of the town of Pons in Poiof the army directly ordered out a body of archers, who kept up so tou. Notwithstanding,'however, the lord de Pens changed his sidle, well-directed and sharp an attack with their arrows, that none could the lady remained attached to the English. All the barons and stand against them, nor even show themselves. Upon this, sir Wil- knights in Poitou in the English interest were violently enraged, for liam de Longueval, sir Alain de la Houssaye, sir Louis de Mailly, the lord de Pens was a powerful baron. The duke of Lancaster and the lord d'Arcy, finding from this situation that they could not was much grieved at this, and, wishing every curse to attend the lord, any longer hold out, sent one of their heralds mounted on horseback, felt himself obliged to the lady and to those of the town who had through the breach, to speak with the duke of Lancaster; for they not deserted him. Sir Aimemon de Bours, a good and valiant wished, if possible, to enter into a treaty. The herald advanced to knight, was ordered to assist the lady with his advice and courage; the duke, way being made for him, and explained the business on for the lord de Pens advanced every day to the gates of the town, which he was sent. The duke, by the advice of those about him, doing no damage to any one; but sometimes he was driven back, granted an armistice to the garrison during the time of a parley; and and retreated with loss. the herald returned with his answer to his masters. The four knights directly came forward upon the ditch, and the duke sent sir Guiscard d'Angle to hold a parley with them. CHAP T E R C C X CVII. Upon the ditch, therefore, they entered on a treaty, by asking, TE ENISI AE E CSLE OF TOONTOU. THE ENGLISH TAKE TtlE CASTLE OF MONTCONTOUR. "In what sort or manner does the duke intend to make us prisoners?" Sir Guiscard, who had received his instructions, replied: " Gentle- Tuus were the English affairs in Poitou entangled; the lords and men, you have greatly displeased hmy lordu; for you have detained knights opposed to each other; when the strong oppressed the weak, men, you heave greatly displeased my lord; for you have detained nt him here several weeks,* which has fretted him very much, and and none received either law, justice, or right. The castles and strong places were intermixed; some being French, others English, caused the loss of several of his men: for which reasons, he will strog places wre intermixed; some being French, others English, not receive you, nor grant you mercy, but will have you surrender who each made excursions on the other, and pillaged on all sies yourselves simply to him. He also insists on sir William de Mont without mercy. Some of te baron and knights of Poito of tho paon being first given up, for him to be dealt with according to his Eglish party, having considered that the garrison of Monteontou deserts as a traitor." Sir Louis de Mailly replied: " Sir Guiscard, was more active in harssng the country tan the others, resolved to in regard to sir William de Mont-paon, whom you require from us, marcl thither and lay siege to it. They therefore issued a summons march thither and lay siege to it. They therefore issued a summons ~:e swear truly and loyally that we are ignorant what is become we swear truly and loyally that we are ignorant wat is become from the city of Poitiers in the name of lord Thomas Percy, snes. of him, for he did not remain in this town a moment after you had chal of Poito, which was obeyed by all knihts and squires. They amounted to five hundred spears and full two thousand footmen, with begun to besiege it. But it will be very hard for us to surrender our- amounted to five hundred spears and full two thousand footmen, with selves in the manner you insist on, who are soldiers sent here for pay, large shields, among the archers who accompanied them. There just as your commanders may send you, or yce may be obliged to it were sir Guiscard d'Angle, sir Louis d'Harcourt, the lords de Parte. bu syou comnersonay sendce you, beoryea may bcep obliged to bagitw nay, de Pinane, de Tannaybouton, du Cupegnac, sir Percival do by personal service; and, before we accept of such a bargain, we Coulogne,* Sir Geo~ffryJ d'Argentonl, sir Hugh de Vinoye, the lord de will sell our lives so dearly that report shall speak of it a hundred Couonh r e dAe, ir de o, t lr do years hence. Return, therefore, to the duke of Lancaster, and tell Coyes, the lord de Puissances, sir James de Surgeres, sir Maubrun do him to accept of us in a courteous manner, upon certain terms of as he would wish should e done to any of his party, should the time were resident in Poitou, either from the offices they held t ransom, as he woldwih holdbedoe o nyofhi prt, holdthere, or to assist in guarding the country: such as sir Baldwin do they happen to be so unfortunate." Sir Gscard answered, thuat he would very willingly do so to the Franville, the earl of Angus, sir Walter Hewett, sir Richard de PontSir Guiseard answered, that he would very willingly do so to the Cadnadohr.We hyhdbe utrda otes n chardon and others. When they had been mustered at Poitiers, and utmnost of his power. With these words, he returned to the duke, had completed their preparations, they marched from thence, taking and took with him the captal de Buch, the lords de Rosen and de the road for Motconed their prepin full arrayh, withey marched fneom thcess, takingry for Mucident, the better to forward the business. When these lords the siegeroad for Mnthat everything neplace.ssary for were come into the duke's presence, they remonstrated with him so The c oit n o f The castle of Montcontour is situated in the country of Anjou, is eloquently, and with such good success, that he granted their request, e sto Mnono i suati t ntro Aos very strong and handsome, and four leagues distant from Thouars. and received the four knights, with Silvestre Budes, and their men, The Poitevins, to the amount of three thousand combatants, continued in mercy as prisoners. Thus had he once more possession of the castle of Mont-paon, their march until they arrived there, when they laid siege to it, and and received the homage of the inhabitants of the town. He placed invested it on all sides. There had been brought from Thouars and there two Gascon knights as governors, with forty men at-arms and Poitiers large engines, which they pointed against the castle, and flung there two Gascon knights as governors, with forty men-at-arms andfr tesonsigtaday Thymedilasutadte as many archers, and had all the walls completely repaired by masons from them stones night and day. They made daily assaults, and the in the neighborhood: he victualled thle place, and supplied bit well lords frequently had skirmishes with the garrison, in which several withenih all sorts of artillery, vculethplcadspgallant actions were performed: there were with the Poitevins sevwihllsotsofariler.eral of the free companies, who were unwilling to remain during the siege; such as John Creswell and David Hollegrave: these two, with C H A P T E R C C X CV I. sir Walter Hewett, were their leaders. Sir Peter de Guerfille,t and THE DUKE OF LANCASTEE DISBANDS HIS ARMY, AND aETURNS TO BOR- Jourdain de Coulogne, who were in the castle, defended it valiantly, DEAUX. TEE LOED DE PONS TURNS TO THE FRENCH PARTY. and advanced every day to the combat with the English at their barriers. On the tenth day after their arrival, in the midst of these atAFTE.R the conquest of Mont-paon, when the duke of Lancaster tacks, the English and Poitevins assaulted it so briskly, and in such had reinforced it with good men-at-arms and captains, he broke up good order and strength, that they broke down the walls of the castle, his camp and disbanded his army. Each therefore went to his own through which they passed, and conquered the French. All within home, and the duke returned to Bordeaux. The Poitevins retreated were slain, except sir Peter and Jourdain, and five or six men-at. to their country, and the Gascons to their towns and castles; but the, to whom the companions granted uarter. friee companies dispersed themselves over the whole principality, After the capture of Mnontontour, lord Thomas Percyrsir Louis whr hydid as much mischief to friends as enemies. The duke d~trtecpueo ototulr hmsPry i oi where they did as much mischief to friends as enemies. The duke de Harcouf't, and sir Guiscard d'Angle, by the advice and consent of winked at this, and suffered themi to act as they pleased, because he the other barons and knights, gave the castle to sir Water Hewett thought he might soon have a fresh occasion for their services; more John Cresswell, and David Hollegrave and their companses, who especially as the war at that moment was much more oppressive in Poitou, without comparison, than anywhere else. * "Sir Percival de Coulogne." Barnes calls him sir Percival Collins The French kept a large garrison in the castle of Montcontour, t In the tHist. de Bretagne, he is called Pierre de la Gresille. four leagues distant from Thouars, and six from Poitiers, which was I Lord Thomas Percy was kaight of the Ga er-AnsTis's MS. Gollcti a. comnmanded by sir Peter do Guerfille and Jourdain de Coulogne. "lie wil brother to the first earl of Northumberland, and uncle to Hotspur, who wa, screated earl of Worcester by Richard IL His barony was that of Haverfordwest, and he had a considerable estate in South Wales, now in the possessfon of the duke of Rut * "Scveral seeks." All my copies differ as to the number of weeks: some eleven, land." —Note in the above Collections, bh Dr. Percy, bishop of Dromore. some six weeks: I have tsereoibro said several weeks, as it appears very unceresn: but I This estate is, I believe, sold; at least a rent resolute was sold by the duke (lord lieshould rather incline to the smaller number. tenanu of Ireland) to M:,1 Jza~ Manner,. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 205 were full five hundred combatants, for them to guartld the frontiers commanded in France, and how afterwards he retired to his castle of against Anjou and Maine. The lords then marched away, and dis- Derval in Brittany. In truth, some of the English, on their return missed their army. Thus was this castle made a guard for the borders home, spoke much against him, so that the king and his council had by those to whom it had been given, who collected a nunmerous gar- information of it, and were highly displeased with him. When sir rison, and had it completely repaired. They maintained possession of Robert heard of this, he sent over his two principal squires to explain it for a very long time, and much harassed all the country about it; for everything, and to clear him of whatever might be said against him: there was nol a day but they made some excursions into Anjou or insomuch that the king and his council were satisfied they had been Maine. wrongly informed, and thought as favorably of him as before. Sir Aleyne Boxhull, and other knights who were favorites with the king, C H A P T E R CCXC VI II. assisted in his disculpation, and made sir John'Menstreworth pay dearly for what he had done.* By this act of justice sir Robert aiR BERTR.AND DUl GUESCLIN, CONSTABLE OF FRANCE, BESIEGES THE TOWN Knolles was cleared of all the charges which had been laid against OF UZES,* WHICH SURRENDERS TO HImt UPON CAPITULATION. him, and remained in the good graces of the king and prince. WE will now return to sir Bertrand du Gueselin, constable of The king of England, who found himself hard pressed by this war France, who had remained at Paris, near the king, since the defeat with France, gained as many friends as he could on the other side of Pont-valin, where he and sir Oliver de Clisson had so dreadfully of the sea. He had for allies the duke of Guelders, his nephew, and beaten the English, as has been before related. It was told him that the duke of Juliers, who had engaged to raise a large force, as they the English still kept the field in Poitou and Guienne: upon which he were well able to do, and to make an incursion into France. At declared his intentions, that soon after Candlemas, at the commence- this time, the king sent the earl of Herefordt and some other knights ment of spring, he should collect a very large force of men-at-arms of his household, handsomely equipped, to Brittany, to consult with and noblemen, and would make an incursion to another part of the the duke on the arrangements which it was necessary should be country, since the English were thus employed in Quercy, Poitou, made between them. and Rouergue. Some of the English had very honorably remained The English and Flemings were not at this time on good terms, in these countries, and had maintained themselves there since the re-. but attacked each other whenever they met on the seas; and so newal of the war. Sir John Devereux and his men had again got much had the Flemings lost, that they were exceedingly angry. By possession of Limousin, and had taken in Auvergne a castle with its accident, a fleet of each nation met off the island of Bas in Brittany.t dependencies, called Uzes, which the constable said was not to be The commander of the Flemings was John Peterson, and of the sulffered, and that he was determined to march thither. With the English sir Guy Brian.~ As soon as they saw each other, they preking's permission, he assembled a large body of men-at-arms; and, paredfor action, which was immediately begun: and very sharp it quitting Paris, his army increased daily until lihe arrived in Auvergne. was. The king's knights who accompanied the earl of Hereford, There came with him, under his command, the duke of Berry, the sir Richard Sturey,Jl sir Thomas Vuisque and the others were in this duke of Bourbon, the count d'Alenqon, the count du Perche his engagement. These knights and their men fought very valiantly brother, the count de St. Pol, the dauphin of Auvergne, the counts de against the Flemings, and exerted themselves tile more, because the Vend6me and de Porcien, the lords de Sully and de Montagu, sir enemy were in greater numbers, and were better prepared for action, Hugh Dauphin, the lord de Beaujeu, the lords de Rochefort and de as, during the whole summer, they had been wishing to meet the T;olenqon, and a great many more barons and knights of France. English. However, this time they did not gain much by the meetThis army continued its march until it came before the city of Uzes, ing. This sea-fight lasted full three hours: many gallant acts were when they encamped; and, after remaining their fifteen days, during performed, and many were killed and wounded by the arrows. The arhich time nmany fierce assaults were made, but without impression ships were grappled together with chains and hooks, so that they an the fortress, for it had an English garrison who very valiantly de- could not escape. In the end, the victory remained with the Eng. fended it, they broke up the siege and departed, the constable con- lish; for the Flemings were discomfited, and John Peterson, their tinuing his march into Rouergue. Some of the principal lords took captain, made prisoner: the rest were either taken or slain, for none isis opportunity of going to Avignon to visit pope Gregory and the escaped. The English made sail for England with their prizes and duke of Anjou, who at that time was with him. Soon after this visit, prisoners, which prevented them from continuing their voyage to and having had a conference with the dulke, they left the city of Avig- Brittany. The king was much rejoiced at the success of this en. non and followed the constable, who was advancing through Rouer- gagement, and defeat of the Flemings, especially when he learnt gue, taking towns and castles from the English. They came before that they were the aggressors. John Peterson and his captains were the town of Milhaud,t which was held by sir Thomas Wake,t and put into close confinement, and the others dispersed in various parts had been so for some time: they laid siege to it, as well as to the rock of England. of Vauclere; but the English knight surrendered upon terms, to sir After this defeat off the isle of Bas, the king of England ordered Bertrand, this as well as some other castles on the borders of Limnousin. commander. Being sent general of an army into France, in despite of their power he When sir Bertrand had refreshed his army, he marched away, drove the people before him like sheep, destroying towns, castles, and cities in such taking the road on his return to the city of Uzes, to which he again a manner and number that long after, in memory of thlis act, the sharp points and gable laid siege The onstable and the dus of Bery ad B n had ends of overthrown houses and minsters were called Knolles' Mitres. After which, to laid siege. The constable and the dukes of Berry and Bourbon had make himself as well beloved of his country, he built a goodly fair bridge at Rochester ordered large machines to be brought from Rioms and Clermont, over the Medway, with a chapel and chauntry at the east end thereof. I-He built much which they had pointed, as well as other warlike engines, against the at the Grayfriars, London, and an hospital at Rome for English travellers, and pil~~~~~~~~walls of the castle. ~~grimns. lie deceased at hiis manor of Scone Thorpe in Norfolk-was buried by the lady Twalls oft~he Eng tlsh,. wh a eoes alntydfnConstance, his wife, in the church of Graytiiars, London, 15th August, 1407." — The English, who had before so gallantly defended the place, seeing WEwvERr's Fun. ojsn. p. 436. the great preparations which were making against them, as well as In 1365, John de Montfort, duke of Brittany, gave him, at the assembly of the states at the numerous armiy of the besiegers, and having heard the manner in Vannes, the lands, castle, &c. of Derval and Roug6, which had been excepted at tile treaty of peace. —Hist. de Bretagne. which sir Thomas Wake had given up the strong places in Rouergue, lea ted night of the Garter, ichard. ad i the 74t kniht THe was created a knsight of time Gartret, Richard It. amid is time 74th knight. at the same time not expecting any succors to come to their assist- Knolles earl of Banbury, took his descent from sir Robert Knolles.-DUoGALE's ance, held a council, and resolved to surrender upon capitulation,but Baronage. not upon any other terms. They entered into a treaty with the con- Lobineau says, Derval, &c. was given to him and his descendants. In 1373, the duke, stwble, wchich was so well conducted on all sides, that they were to going into England, left his government to sir Robert Knolles: but few lords obeyed him. The French besieged his castle of DervaI, which he had left in the custody of march out without danger or blame, carrying off whatever they could Hugh Broc his kinsman, who capitulated to surrender if not relieved in two montis, take with them, and besides were to be escorted as far as St. Severe during which time no person was to be received there. But Knolles disavowed the act in Limousin. This treaty was strictly observed, and the English of his nepmew, alleging he could not treat without his consent: so that the duke of marched out, hving surrend d whatever they had held in the tow Anjou sent his herald to say, that having done contrary to his capitulation in admitting mancaste ofuze, having endered c dtedr tho d perild the tw Knolles, in case he did not surrender, he would put to death the two knights and a squirem, and castle of Uzes, and were conducted without peril to the garrison who were hostages; which being done, Knolles immodiately executed three French they had fixed upon. Sir Bertrand gained by this expedition a very knights and a squire, and threw their bodies into a ditch: wlhereupon the siege was large extent of country, of which the English had had possession, and raisel.-LoBINEAC, p. 409, ~~~~then' returned to France.~~* f His head was affixed to a pole on London Bridge, which, on the rebellion of Jack then returned to Fr~ance. Straw, &c. was taken down to make room fir the head of the bishop of London.LELAND s Collectanea, vol. iii. " Eacl of lHe'efmrd " —Humphry Bohun, constable of England, 32ad knight of the Garter. —See DUODALE. C H A P T E R CC CCX I X. It appears, however, flom Rymer, that sir Robert de Neville and Raulyn de Barey, THE KING OF ENGLANID'S ANGER AGAINST SIR ROBERT KNOLLES IS A'- ecuyer de ma chambre, were the embmssnslors from Edward. + The island of Bas is on the coast of Brittany, neatr Msorlaix, In the original, it is, the PEASED. PEACE IS MADE BETWEEN THE ENGLISH AND FLEMINGS. two fleets met in a harbor of trittany, "qu'on dit s Ia Baye:" and Carte says in "ths bay:" but I should rather suppose it was meant as I have troansated it. This signa You have before heard of the expedition which sir Robert KnollesQ bay: bu I should rather sup ~it wis nst victory is very little noticed isy our histortiano. ~" Sir Guy Brian " —was 57th kniglht of the Garter, in the stall of sir JJohn Cimanmlos. * "Uzes." I am inclined to believe it must be Usss en, a town in Auverone, instead of eHe was third husband to ElizoEab eth dowager of V~illamn earlsl of Sn lisbury —died 14t1h Iazes, wic. is in Lower Langnedoc, eight leagRes from Avignon. See Hist. de Bre- ichhard II. He wans Imrother to the bishomp of Ely. tagne, vol. i. p. 336. Pat. 3,a. Ed. Ill. p. 1. Gsidsoni de Bryan R1t marcos in provitat qioue prmmdenmer defer ]' Milhmaud —a town in Rouergie, on the Tame. ebmt vexillum regis, in qiodam conflictim spud CmlIes. —ANsTts's.M.S. Collect.: "'Sir Thonimas Wake." In all the editions, printeil and MASS. which 1 miave seen, He is buried at Tewkslmmry. In Googh's Sepulcral Monumrinets is a' plate of hin tliss name is strangely disfigured. I save fsllowed Barntes. for I could not make sny- toimb. thing of Vemslqurfaire or B-meilcafare. I Sir Richard Stnrey. I cannot flimt iniytshing of him but in the first volumome of Si" ri Robert Knolies was hlt if mean parentage in the commnty of Chester, hist by his Ilel:nd's Coliecianea, p. 183, date 375 —ticardus Stirey tevocatus in- faniiliaritmitei ci Valor advanced froIm a common soldier in the French wars undmer Edward III. to a great gratisms ab Edwamrdo rege. 1O6 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. a large armament to be prepared against the Flemings, to engage very noble match for you, one from which you or your heirsl will be the enemy wherever they should meet with them, and to blockade kings of Castille. It will be a charitable deed to comfort and advise their ports, so that no vessel could sail from them without risk of damsels who are daughters of a king, especially when in such a pit. being taken. When the citizens of Bruges, Ypres, and Ghent, iable state as those ladies are. Take, therefore, the eldest for your heard of these orders, they summoned a council, and, after mature bride. We advise you to do so; for at this moment we know not deliberation, resolved that it was not for their advantage to be at where you can more nobly ally yourself, nor from whence greatei war or to have any ill-will with the English, who were their neigh-. profit can accrue t: you. These and such like words made an im. bors, and connected with them by commerce, on account of any pression on the duke, and were so agreeable to him that he consent. quarrel of their earl, nor would it be expedient for them to aid and ed to what they had proposed with much good will. He immediately support him. The principal towns, therefore, dissembled, but sent ordered four knights to seek these ladies without delay, whose names able and good men to negotiate with the king of England and his were Constance anrid Isabella. The duke himself set out from Borcouncil, who managed the affair so well that on their return they deaux, when he knew they were coming, to meet them in grand brought peace to the country of Flanders and to the Flemings, con- array. He marnid the eldest, the lady Constance, at a village on formably to certain articles in the treaty which was sealed by each the road called Rochefort, on the other side of the city of Bordeaux, party. Thus was this business settled on a good and solid found- and gave there, on the day of his marriage, a splendid feast, to which ation. were invited a great number of lords and ladies to add to its mag. We will now say something of the king of Majorca. nificence. Soon after the wedding, the duke conducted his lady to Bordeaux, where there were again grand entertainments. The duchess and her sister were much feasted'by the ladies and damsels CHAPTER CCC. of Bordeaux, who presented them with magnificent gifts and presents K O A A R O F K EY Sfor the love they bore the dulke. THE KING3 OP MAJORCA IS RANSOMED FROt KING HENRY OF SPAIN. HE News was brought to king Henry in Castille, and to all the barons MAKES WAR ON THEr KING OF AURAGON. of the realms, who were allied to him by fealty and homage, that his You have before heard how James, king of Majorca, was taken niece had married the duke of Lancaster, and that it was supposed at Valadolid, when king Henry reconquered Spain, and that he con. the younger sister would espouse the earl of Cambridge upon the tinned prisoner to king Henry. When the queen of Naples, his duke's return to England. The king was very melancholy on hear-vife, and the marchioness of Montferrat, his sister, heard this they ing this, and summoned his council. He was then advised to send were much distressed, and immediately began to think of remedying able embassadors to the king of France, to explain his situation. it in the manner I shall mention. They sent trusty men to king The king agreed to their opinions, and chose the wisest men in his Henry to treat for his ransom, who brought the matter about on con- kingdom to go to France. They set out with a grand retinue, and sideration of the sum of one hundred thousand francs, which those continued their road without interruption until they came to Paris, ladies so graciously paid that king Henry was obliged to them. where they found the king, who received them with every politeness. The moment the king of Majorca gained his liberty he set out for The king of France had many interviews with these embassadors, Naples, but remained there only sufficient time to collect large sums who had full powers, properly sealed and authenticated, to enter into of money and a body of troops, with which he again set off to make any treaties, and to act in everything for their lord, so that many se. war on the king of Arragon his adversary, whom he could never cret councils were held. At last, everything was concluded; and a love, as he had slain his father and detained his inheritance. The treaty was entered into between the two kings, of perpetual amnlity, king continued his journey until he came to Avignon, to visit pope love and alliance, which was most solemnly sworn to be maintained, G'egory XI. where he staid upward of a month. He made such and that neither party would dissolve or weaken without the other's able remonstrances with the holy father that he listened to his en- consent. The king of France swore, on the word of a king, that he treaties, and consented to the war which he was desirous of making would aid and assist the king of Castille in every matter which mignht on the king of Arragon, as the cause which urged him to it was the concern him, and that he would never make peace with the king of recovery of his heritage. The king of Majorca engaged men-at-arms England without his being a party. at a very high price wherever he could meet with them; English, Sir Bertrand du Gueselin, who much loved the king of Spain, took Gaseous, Germans, Bretons, and some of the free companions, under great pains to bring this treaty about. After this business had been the command of sir Gracien du Chatel, John de Malestroit, Sylvestre completely finished, the embassadors took their leave and returned Budes, and James Bray. They might amount to about twelve hun- to Spain. They found their king at Leon, who was much pleased, dred fighting men, who marched with him, and entered Navarre, at having so well concluded the matters they were sent on. King and there remained with the consent of that king. From thence Henry, from this alliance, felt himself ever after much more assured they advanced into Arragon, where the knights and men-at.arms and comforted. made war on the king, overran his country, taking and destroying small forts and ransoming its inhabitants. The king of Arragon, CHAPTER CCCII. expecting this war, sent some men-at-arms toward the frontier of his kingdom, under the command of the count de Roquebertin and the THE DUKE OF LANCASTER APPOINTS GOVERNORS IN GUIENNE: HE RETURNS count de Rodais. count de Rodais. TO ENGLAND, AND CARRIES HIS LADY WITH HIM. SIR WALTER NANNY While this war was carried on, which was done with much invet- DIES IN LONDON. eracy and cruelty, the king of Majorca fell sick again at Val di So- WE now return to the duke of Lancaster, who still resided in the ria, and the disorder increased so much that he there died. By this city of Bordeaux. He had determined that about Michaelmas he means, the Arragonians had peace for a long time from that quarter. would embark for England, in order to make the king his father bet. The free companions who had been engaged in this war returned ter acquainted with the affairs of Aquitaine. To this end he made to France, to that party from whom they thought they should gain every preparation; and, a little before his departure, he assembled most. in Bordeaux all those barons and knights of Gascony who were of We will now speak of the duke of Lancaster. the English party. When they were all collected, he addressed them by saying, he had a great desire to return to England on par. ticular business, as well as for the advantage of all present as for the CHAPTER C C C I -principality of Aquitaine; but that he would come back in the ensu. ing summer, if the king his father would permit it. These words THE DUKE OE LANCASTER ESPOUSES THE ELDEST DAUGHTER OF THE LATE were very agreeable to all who heard them. He then appointed the DON PEDRO, KING OF SPAIN. TREATIES OF ALLIANCE ARE ENTERED captal de Buch, the lords de Mucident and de l'Esparre, governors INTO BETWEEN THE KINGS OF FRANCE AND SPAIN. of all those parts of Gascony which were attached to England. In DUKE John of Lancaster remained in the city of Bordeaux, and Poitou, he nominated sir Louis de Harcourt and the lord de Parte. with him many knights, barons, and squires of Aquitaine; for, not- nay. In Saintonge, sir Louis d'Argenton and sir William de Mon. withstanding some barons of Poitou and Limousin had turned to the tendre. He left all the s6neschals and other officers as they were French party, that of the English was in a tolerably good state, and before. The council of the Gascons, Poitevins, and Saintongers made frequent inroads upon the French, on which occasions they ordered sir Guiscard d'Angle, the lord de Pinane and sir Aimery do lost nothing, but well scoured the ciuntry of those who were defend- Tarbe to accompany the duke to England, in order more fully to ex. ing the frontiers for the duke of Anjou. The duke of Lancaster Was plain the affairs of Aquitaine; and the duke, by waiting for them, a widower since the death of the lady Blanche, duchess of Lancaster delayed some little his voyage. When all was ready, they embarked and Derby: upon which the barons of Gascony, in concert with sir on board of vessels in the harbor of Bordeaux, which is large and Guiscard d'Angle, considered that don Pedro, king of Spain, had spacious. The duke was attended by a large body of men-at-arms left two daughters by his marriage with the sister of the king of Por- and archers, having sixty vessels in the fleet, including those with tugal, who were then in the city of Bayonne, whither they had been provisions: he carried with him his lady and her sister. They sailed conducted, under the safeguard of some knights, by sea, from the with favorable winds, which brought them safe to Southampton, neighborhood of Seville, for fear of king Henry. As soon as they where they disembarked, and entered the town. They reposed were informed of the death of don Pedro, these ladies were almost themselves there for two days, when they set ouzt, taking the road to distracted with grief. Every ~one compassionated them, for they Windsor, where the king resided. He received his son the duke, were the true heiresses of Castille, which was their juse right, by the ladies, damsels, and the foreign knights with gr attjoy and feasts, succession to their father. This matter was thus opened to the duke: but especially sir Guiscard d'Angle, whom he was delighted to see. "My lord, it is time y ~. should think of remarrying: we know of a About this time, that gallant knight sir Waiter.lanny departed CHRON ICLES O F ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 20O this life in the city of London; for which all the barons of England and institute you governor and captain of all the mee.at-arms in were much afflicted, on account of the loyalty and prudence they Poitou, who according to the accounts I have had, are very numerous; had always found in him. He was buried with great pomp in the and also of those you will conduct from hence thither. You will, monastery of the Carthusians,* which he had built, at his own ex. therefore, accompany sir Guiscard d'Angie into Poitou." The earl pense, without the walls of London. His funeral was attended by of Pembroke, falling on his knees, replied - " My lord, I return you the king, his children, and the barons and prelates of England. All my warmest thanks for the high honor you have conferred upon me. his landed property on each side of the sea fell to John earl of Pem- I will act for your majesty beyond seas as one of your smallest marbroke, who had married his daughter Anne. The earl sent two shals." After this, the council broke up, when the king returned to knights to take possession of the lands which hadfallen to him in Windsor, taking sir Guiscard d'Angle with him. They frequently Hainault, and they performed their duty well toward duke Albert, conversed on the affairs of Poitou and Guienne. In one of these who at that time governed the country in the name of his deranged conversations, he said: " My lord, when our governor and captain brother William. shall arrive in that country, we shall carry on a good war; for we shall there find between four and five hundred lances, who will all C H A P T ER C C C III. cheerfully obey you, but they must be regularly paid." The king answered: " Sir Guiscard, sir Guiscard, do not be uneasy on account THE KING OF ENGLAND APPOINTS THE EARL OF PEMBROAKE GOVERNOR OF of wanting money to continue the war, for I have enough, and will AQUITAINE. THE SPANIAODS, BEING ALLIES OF FRANCrE, ATTACE: HIM eagerly employ it for such an occasion, as it very sensibly affects us ABT SEA, OFF LA ROCHELLE. and our kingdom." In these and such like discourses did the king DURING this winter (1372,) many councils were held in England on of England amuse himself with sir Guiscard d'Angle, for he had the state of affairs, and upon the best methods of conducting them. great confidence in him, not indeed without reason. The English had planned two expeditions; one to Guienne, another The season was now arrived for the departure of the earl of Pem. nto France through Calais; and were gaining allies, as well in Ger- broke, who took his leave of the king, as did all those who accom. many as in other parts of the empire, where several kriights and panied him. It seems to me that sir Otho de Grantson,* d'outre la squires had joined them. They were busily employed in making Somme, was appointed to go with him. The earl of Pembroke had great preparations for the largest army which had been seen for a not a very large force with him, but only the knights of his household, on account of the information which sir Guiscard d'Angle had given the king; but he carried a sufficient sum in nobles and florins to pay three' ":' bel/thousand fighting men. After tak. ing leave of the king, they set out -- seieer for Southampton, where they re. _. his Spamained fifteen days waiting for a wind. On the sixteenth, they had long.time. -The —-~-~: —___ ki'd of Facwareualinomdbsmeelpovea wind to their wish; and, embarking, they sailed out of the harbor for...... al —__-__ ~ the coasts of Poitou, recommending themselves to the care of God and ___ yty St. George. toy~"~. ~ (4~:-~-~_~__ do, wesi uca ewseceabrtrKing Charles of France was perfectly well acquainted with the greater part of the king of England's France; b'y' - er P d e tb c n b i g e n h n ycouncils (I do not know by whom or how they were revealed to him,) and that sir Guiscard d'Angle and his companions were gone to Eng land to request from the king an able leader. He already knew that the send anyofhisownchildren, hewouldnminateearl of Pembroke had the appoint. ment, and that he was on his way r.-~ pre-sent';~2~ at t c i y " n f s o n a n r sy athither. Upon which the king of France had secretly raised a large — ~~ —-~z~~~~ ~naval armament; that is to say, it had been raised at his request, for it belonged to king Henry of Castille, who had sent this armament in con. RoUNrD TOWER OF WINDSORe CASTLE, as it appeared in the time of Edward 1I.. under whose directions itwas built. From one ormity to the treaty which had beenem of aseries engraved from original documents by Battey Langley, to exhibit the erections of the successive sovereigns. This Spanish fleet consisted of' forty large vessels, and thirteen barks, long time. The king of France was regularly informed by some well provided with towersand ramparts, as the Spanish ships usually Englishmen of these transactions, the state of them, and what was are. Four valiant men were the commanders of this fleet: Am.the end proposed. Upon which, having duly considered his intelli- brosio de Balequer, Cabesso de Vaccadent, Hernando de Leon, Rod. gence, he acted accordingly, and laid in a sufficiency of provision rigo de Rosas.t These Spaniards had remained a considerable time;n all the cities, towns and castles of Picardy; having strongly rein- at anchor, waiting for the return of the Poitevins, and the coming of forced the garrisons with men.-at-arms, that the country might not the earl of Pembroke; for they were well informed that he was tc be surprised, land on the coast of Poitou, and had therefore placed themselves at When summer was arrived, king Edward kept the feast and so- anchor before the town of La Rochelle. lemnity of St. George in Windsor castle, as he was yearly accustomed It happened, therefore, that on the day preceding the vigil of St. to do, when sir Guiscard d'Angle was elected a brother-knight with John the Baptist, in the year of grace 1372, when the earl of Pemthe king, the princes and barons, who were called, in this fraternity, broke and his fleet expected to enter the port of La Rochelle, they The Knights of the Blue Garter. The king, after this, went to found that the Spaniards had blocked up the entrance by lying before London, to his palace of Westminster, where he held a grand council its mouth, and were ready prepared to receive them. When the on public affairs. The duke of Lancaster was ordered to invade English and Poitevins saw the Spaniards thus posted, and that an France by entering Picardy. He was to be accompanied by his engagement must happen, they encouraged each other, though they brother the earl of Cambridge. The king, at the entreaty of sir were not near an equal match, either in regard to the number of Guiscard d'Angle and the Poitevins, appointed the earl of Pembroke vessels or men, and made preparations for an immediate combat, governor of Aquitaine, in room of the duke of Lancaster, with orders posting their archers on the bows of the ships. The Spaniards were to hasten to those countries, and to conduct the war against the well equipped with men-at-arms and foot soldiers, who had crossFeh " Sir Otho de Granteon." Barnes calls him sir Thomas Grantson; but sir Thomas The Gascons and Poitevins had requested the king by letters, as Grantson was made prisoner by sir Bertrand du Guesclin, and, I suppose, was then at well as by sir Guiscard d'Angle, that if he should be advised not to Paris. Froissart, 1 should imagine, by mentioning estre la Somme, must mean a differsend any of his own children, he would nominate the earl of Pem- ent person, one who had an estate beyond the Somme. In the MS. collections of Mr. broke, whom as they loved much they desired to, have, for they knew Anstis, a sir Otho Grantson is spoken of; but, by a reference to Dugdale, it appears he must have lived in a much earlier period. him to be a good and hardy knight. Ts le k in g, therefore, spoke to iI have copied the names of these Spanish captains from Barnes, but am doubtful the earl of Pembr oke, who, with several other barons and knights, if they are right; for in Choisi's history of Charles V. Roderisse de Poruz is mentioned was present at this council, saying: "John, my fair son, I ordain as admiral. [a Villaret's history of France, Boccanera is called the admiral. Indeed, __________ __________ _______ _ -this is nearer to Froissart, who calls the first captain Boucqueaegre. Barnes gives not * Now the Charter House. any authority for hiss alterations. CHRONICLES OF ENGL. ND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. bows and cannons: many had also large bars of iron, and staves not gain anything, they armed themselves, ordering their people, whe loaded with lead, to make their attacks with. They advanced with were not in any great numbers, to do the same; and, on the return shoutings and a great noise. The large ships of Spain made sail to of the tide, they embarked in four boats which they took from the gain the wind, so that they might bring their towers to bear on the shore, at break of day, and made for the vessels of their friends, who English, who little suspected their intent, and less feared them. Thus were right glad to see them. They told the earl of Pembroke and did they bear down on them full sail. At this commencement, great sir Guiscard d'Angle, that they must not expect any assistance from were the shouts and cries on both sides. The English behaved La Rochelle, as the townsmen had positively refused it; to which, gallantly, and the earl of Pembroke, his knights and squires, acted as they could not better themselves, they replied that they trusted in worthy of their honor. the mercy of God, and would wait the event; that a time might The engagement was very severe, and the English had enough to come when the Rochellers should repent of their refusal. do; for the Spaniards who were in large vessels had great bars of iron and huge stones, which they launched and flungf from their ships in order to sink those of the English, by which they wounded despe- CHAPTER CCCV. rately both sailors and men-at-arms. The knights of England and Poitou that day showed excellent proofs of chivalry and prowess. THE EARL OF PEMBROKE IS DEFEATED, AND MADE PRISONER BY THA The earl fought gallantly, seeking his enemies everywhere, and did SPANIARDS. THEY SAIL FROM LA ROCHELLE WITH THEIR PRISONERS extraordinary feats of arms. Sir Otho de Grantson, sir Guiscard d'- THE CAPTAL DE BUCH ARRIVES THERE, BUT TOO LATE. Angle, fhe lord de Pinane and all the other knights, behaved equally WHEN it was day, and the tide had flowed full, the Spaniards well. weighed their anchors, and, with a great noise of trumpets and drums, formed a line of battle, like to that of the preceding day, with their CHAP T ER C C C IV. large vessels, which were well manned and armed, and having gained the wind in hopes of inclosing the English vessels, which THE INHIABITANTS OF LA ROCHELLE REFUSE TO ASSIST THE EARL OF were but few in comparison, the before-mentioned four captains led EMIBROKE. THE SENESCHAL AND THE LORD DE TANNAYBOUTON, the van in handsome order. The English and Poitevins, observing WITIH OTHERS, COME TO HIS AID. their line of battle, formed theirs accordingly, and having collected By what I have heard from those who were present at this engage- themselves together, placed their archers in front. The Spaniards, ment, the English and Poitevins showed plainly they wished for under the command of these captains, bore down on them full sail, victory, and obtained great praise for theirvalor for never people exerted more courage, nor fought more brave. ly, considering what a handful of men they were in comparison'J with the Spaniards, and in such small vessels that one cannot but mar. vel how it lasted so long: but their great' W prowess and chivalry raised a mutual spirit of emulation, and, had their vessels been of the;'. same size with their ine enemy's, the Spaniards would not have had the E _fo advantage; for they m /handled their spears, c which were well steeled, so briskly, and gave such terrible strokes, that none dared to come near, unless he was well a armed and shielded; but the showers of stones, lead, and iron bars, annoyed them exteedingly, and in this first engiagement several knights and squires were severelywounded. The Rochellers saw plainly the whole of this engagement, but never offered to advance to the assistance of their countrymen, leaving them to shift for Sa, FIGHiT OFF LA ROCHELL:. From a MS. Froi.sart of the 15th Century. themselves. This battle lasted until night, when each party separated and cast their anchors: but the English and began the engagement, which was dreadfully deadly. When lost two barges of provision, and all those in them were slain. Sir they came to close quarters, the Spaniards flung out grappling-hooks John Elarpedoa, who at that time was seneschal of La Rochelle, with chains of iron, which lashed the English to their vessels, so employed himself all the night in entreating the inhabitants, the that they could not separate, and thus, as it were, held them close.* mayor, John Chauderon, and the others to arm themselves, and to With the earl of Pembroke there were twenty-two knights, who draw out the commonalty, and embark in the vessels and barges united good inclinations to tried valor, and who vigorously defended which were lying on the shore, in order to assist and aid their fellow themselves with spears, swords, and other weapons. They remained subjects whom they had seen so valorously defend themselves. The there closely engaged, fighting desperately, for a considerable time; inlhabitants, however, who had no inclination so to do, excused them- I but the Spaniards had too much the advantage, as their vessels were selves by saying they had their town to guard; that they were not larger and higher above the water than those of the English, from seamen, nor accustomed to fight at sea, nor with Spaniards; but which they flung down stones, bars of iron, and lead, that much anthat, if the battle had been on shole, they would very willingly have noyed their adversaries. The engagement continued with great com~lied with his request. The business remained in this state, and fury between them until near nine o'clock; and no people ever nothing could bring them to change their resolution, labored harder than the English and Poitevins, but the greater part At this moment there were in La Rochelle, the lord de Tannay- of their men were now wounded by the stones and other things bluton, sir James de Surgeres, and sir Maubrun de Linieres, who lsandsonaely acquitted theniselves in joining their entreaties with, ih Mbpmoiresde Du Guesclin say, that fire-ships were first used in this engagement y thesela bytnirds, and tlat by their means thirteen of the largest English ships weiw bose of the s6neschal. When those four knights saw they could destroyed. —tol. J.Mdimuores Historiques, vol. i. p. 4112. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c, 20 *hich were trivown on them, and that gallant knight o. Gascony sir the prince of Wales. Evan went to France, to lay his complaintI A iruery de Tarbe was slain, as well as sir John Lauton, who was before king Charles of the injuries he had suffered from the king ot knight of the body to the earl of Pembroke. Four large Spanish England, by the death of his father and the seizure of his inher ships had grappled with that in which was the earl: they were comn- itance. The king of France had retained him in his service, and manded by Cabesso de Vaccadent and Hernando de Leon, and full much advanced him, by giving him the command of a large body of of men-at-arms for the combat and to work the vessels. After an men-at-arms. In this summer, he sent him to sea with four thousand abstinate resistance, they boarded the earl's ship, when he was made fighting men, with whom he acquitted himself much to his honor, as'risoner, and all on board slain or taken. Among the last were, sir you shall now hear.,obert Beaufort, sir John Curzon, sir John Grimstone: sir Simon When he took the command of these men-at-arms, and vessels Whitaker, sir John Morton, and sir John Touchet shared the fate of which the king of France had equipped and provided for him, hr Lhe first. embarked in the port of Hlarfleur, and set full sail for England, mak. At some distance, the Poitevins, under the command of sir Guis- ing the island of Guernsey, which lies opposite to Normandy. Edcard d'Angle, the lord de Pinane, the lord de Tannaybouton, and mund Ross, squire of honor to the king of England, was then govother knights, with their followers, continued the fight; and in ernor of that island. On hearing of the arrival of the French under another ship, sir Otho de Granston was engaged against Ambroise de the command of Evan, he was much angered, and advanced out to Boccanera and Roderigo de Rosas, who were too many for him; meet him. He issued his summons throughout the island, which is so that all these knights were taken by the Spaniards, not one not large, and collected, as well of his own men as of the islanders, escaped being killed or made prisoner. Their men were also in about eight hundred, with whom he gave battle. It was sh.rp and great danger, but their lords, when taken, desired they would cease long; but the English, at last, were defeated, leaving upward of four the slaughter, as they would pay a proper ransom for them. Who- hundred dead on the field. Edmund was forced to fly, otherwise he ever may find himself in such a strait of arms as the earl of Pem- must have been slain or taken. He escaped with great difficulty broke or sir Guiscard d'Angle were in, before La Rochelle, must and saved himself in a handsome castle, called Cornet, situated at cheerfully submit to whatever God or fortune may please to order,. the distance of two leagues from the place where the battle had been But know, that in the loss of this day, of knights or squires, the king fought, and which he had beforehand provided with everything of England in comparison was by far the greatest sufferer; for, in necessary for such a fortress. After this defeat, Evan, having colconsequence of this defeat, he lost afterwards all.Guienne, as you will lected his army, and hearing that Edmund had retreated into Cornet have refted in this history. castle, advanced thither, and invested it closely, giving frequent as. I wal informed that the English vessel which had on board the saults; but the castle was strong and well provided with artillery, so:: money for sir Guiscard d'Angle, to pay the soldiers of Guienne was that the French could not gain it, lost, and everything on board with it; so that it was not of profit to It was during the time of this siege the unfortunate defeat and, any one. All this day, which was the vigil of St. John the Baptist, capture of the earl of Pembroke and sir Guiscard d'Angle happened; the ensmuing night, and the morrow until noon, did the Spaniards re- before La Rochelle, which has been just related. The king ot:, main at anchor before La Rochelle, shouting and rioting with joy. France, when he heard of the success of the Spaniards, was exceedIt happened fortunately that a knight of Poitou, called sir James de ingly rejoiced, and paid more attention than ever to the affairs of: Surgeres, addressed the person who had taken him with so much Poitou; for he thought, perhaps lightly enough, that if the English. eloquence that he agreed to give him his liberty for three hundred should have a few more such defeats, the cities and principal towns, francs, which he paid down. He dined in La Rochelle on St. John's would willingly surrender to him. He therefore determined, with day; and by him it was known how the affair had ended, who were the advice of his council, to send the constable and all his men at. slain or made prisoners. Many citizens of the town pretended to be arms into Poitou, Saintonge and the Rochellois, in order to carry on much concerned at this event, though in their hearts they rejoiced, the war more briskly by sea and land, while the English party should: for they never were well inclined toward the English. be without a leader, for the whole country was wavering in its alle. In the afternoon of St. John's day, at high flood, the Spaniards glance. He therefore sent messengers to Evan of Wales, who was. weighed anchor, set their sails, and departed with a great noise of lying before Cornet castle, as he was perfectly acquainted with the drums and trumpets. They had on their mast-heads standards like state of it, and knew it to be impregnable, ordering him instantly to to pennons, with the arms of Castille displayed on them, and of such break up the siege, and put to sea in a vessel equipped for him, and a length that their ends frequently touched the sea. It was a fine to make sail for Spain to prevail on king Henry to grant him boats sight to see them thus sail off, as they steered for the coast of Galicia. and galleys, with his admirals and men-at-arms, to blockade La Ro>..In this same day, toward the evening, there came into La Rochelle a chelle. Evan, on receiving the messengers with the king's orders,, large body of men-at-arms, Gascons and English, who had not heard promptly obeyed them, as was right; broke up the siege, and dis what had passed, but they knew that the Spaniards were lying before banded his men, lending them vessels to carry them to Harfleur. the town, and had done so for some time: they came, therefore, to He himself immediately embarked on board a large ship, and made., reinforce it. The leaders of the Gascons were, the captal de Buch, sail for Spain. Thus was the siege of Cornet castle raised. sir Beras de la Lande, sir Peter de Landura, the souldich, sir Bertrand du Trane: of the English, lord Thomas Percy, sir Richard de Pontchardon, Sir William Farrington, the earl of Angus, sir Baldwin Fre- CHAPTER CC VII. viile,* sir Walter Hewet, and sir John Devereux.t When these lords and their troops, which were full six hundred THE RING OF ENGLAND IS MUCH CAST DOWe AT THE CArYURE OF TIl: EARL OF P'EMBROKE. EVAN OF WALES MEETS THE rUAiL A FRISONDR. men, were arrived in La Rochelle, the inhabitants made appearance EARL OF PBROKE EVAN OF WALES MEETS THE L RISONER. of being very glad to see them, for they dared not do otherwise. IN LES They learnt from sir James de Surgeres the event of the battle with You must knowthat when the king of England heard of the Jefeat: the Spaniards, and the names of those killed and taken. The barons of the armament he had sent to Poitou, and that it had been overcome and knights were sorely afflicted at this news, and thought them. by the Spaniards, he was greatly afflicted; so were all those who selves more unfortunate than they had ever yet been for not arriving were attached to him; but for the moment he could not amend it. sooner. They regretted much the loss of the earl of Pembroke and The wisest in the kingdom imagined that this unfortunate businesssir Guiscard d'Angle. I know not how many days they remained in would cause the loss of the countries of Poitou and Saintonge; and La Rochelle, to consider what would be the best manner for them to they stated this as their opinion to the king and duke of Lancaster. conduct themselves, and whither they should march. We will leave They held many councils upon it. The earl of Salisbury was ordered them for a while, and speak of Evan of Wales, and of his exploits thither with five hundred men-at-arms. However, notwithstanding' this season. this order, he never went; for other affairs came into agitation res. pecting Brittany, which prevented it from taking place. The king, CH A PT ER CCCV~I. repented of this afterwards, when it was too late. The Spaniards who had taken the earl of Pembroke and his comEVAN OF VALEST DEFEATS THE ENGLISH OFF THE ISLAND OF GUERNSEY. panions were detained some little time at sea by contrary winds. THE KING OF FRANCE SENDS HIM TO sFAIN TO SEEK FOR MEN-AT- They arrived at the port of St. Andero ih Biscay, and entered the' ARMS, TO LAY SIEGE TO LA ItOCHELLE. town about midday, when they conducted their prisoners to a strong: EVAN of Wales was the son of a prince of Wales, whom king castle, and fastened them with iron chains according to their usual: Edward, for some reason I am ignorant of,. had put to death, and custom; for the Spaniards know not how to show courtesy to their seized his territories and principality, which he'had given to his son prisoners, but act like the Germans. Evan- of Wales had the sames * ~"Sir 13aldwi~summons to -p~ tday arrived with his ship at St. Andero, and had entered the hbtel Baldwi Freville-d parliament the 1st Edward. where don Fernando de Rosas and Cabesso de Vaccadent had con.Dugdale. He was competitor for the office of champion at the coronation of R'chard- -,,I I II h. - I I1. butthe earl marshal decided on the superior claim of the Dymocks. See Dugdale's ducted the earl of Pembroke and his knights. This was told to Evan Warwickshire, where the pedigree is. in his apartment, saying: "Sir, come and see the English knights V" SirJohn Devereux." See Dugdale. From him are descended the viscounts Hereford, &'c. * By everything I can find, this Evan was sn impostor. Llewellyn, the last prince Among the members of the council of war whom Du Guesclin called, before he of Wales was tneacherously slain, nearBulith. in Edward I.'s reign. Probably the king attacked St. Maure-sur-Loire, are Carenlouet capitaine de la Rtoche-Posay, tvain de of France knew this, but employed him in hopes of his assistance against England. —Se. Gnlles, and another knight called the Poorsuivant d'Amours. —Note 83rd in the same BAaNES and others. vol. says. "Tais flanuas Poursuivant d'Asnours was alsss called le chevalier Bauwen, iLiewellyn left only one legitimate child, a daughter, afterwards married to Malcolm most probably a Welshusan of the name of Bowen." Hut howv is this to be reconciled earl of Fife: he also, it is said, left an illegitimate son called Mador, but nothing b with the precedinig quotations i —See M6,noires de Du Guesclin, vol. iv. of the Histor- known of his history or fate; it is not improbable that this Evan was the son of Ma'. teal Collection of French Memoirs, p. 39. doc.-ED.] *10 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &e. whom our people have made prisoners, they will enter this hbtel, for were fearful of being besieged; but for this time they were free, for Itis notlong since they arrived." Evan being very desirous of seeing they marched off the following day, advancing toward Moncontour. them, to know who they were, went out. He met, on quitting his John Cresswell and David Hollegrave commanded in the place, and chamber, in the apartment of the landlord, the earl of Pembroke, had under them about sixty good companions, bold and hardy, who whom he directly recognized, though he had scarcely ever seen him had very much harassed the surrounding countries of Anjou and Tou. before. He addressed him in a reproachful manner: "Earl Perm- raine, as well as all the French garrisons, so that the constable de. }roke, are you come into this country to do me homage for the lands dclared he would not undertake anything before he had gained this you hold of me in the principality of Wales, of which I am the heir, town. and which your king has deprived me of, through the advice of evil counsellors?" The earl of Pembroke was smuch displeased and CHAPTER CCCIX. ashamed, feeling himself a prisoner in a strange country, to be thus apostrophized in his own language by one whom he did not know, HE MCONSTALE OF FRANCE TAKES MONCONTOUTO BY A CAPITULATIOE and replied, " Who are you that you address me in such words?" BERRY IN TE LIMOUSIN, WHEN THEY LAY SIEGE TO ST. SEVURE. Evan answered, " I am Evan, son and heir of prince Edmund of BR I te oUn, h Te A S ot SR. Wales, whom your king wickedly and wrongfully put to death, and Tin constable of France, the duke of Bourbon, the count d'Alen. disinherited me afterwards. But I may perhaps be able, through the {;on, the lord de Clisson, the viscount de Rohan, the lords de Laval, assistance of my very dear lord the king of France, to apply a remedy de Beaumanoir and de Sully, with the others, advanced until they to this; and I will certainly then do so.. I wish you to know, that if came before Moncontour, a handsome castle, six leagues from Poi. I can meet you in a proper place and time to offer you combat, I will tiers. On their arrival, they began the siege, and made different show you the wrongs you have done me, as well as the earl of Here- assaults in good order; but, as the ditches were very deep round the ford and Edward Spencer; for by your father and other evil coun- walls, they could not easily approach. They ordered the peasanta I t to a o cugeim m to ggots which they caused to be dra'nadtrw sellors was my lord and' father betrayed, which ought to anger me, to cut tber and faggots which they caused to be drawn and thrown and I will be revenged of it whenever I may have an opportunity." into them, and afterwards covered with straw and earth. Four days Sir Thomas St. Aubin, who was one of the earl's knights, stepped were taken up in doing this.'When they had completed it, they be forward and eagerly said: Evn, if you mean to say and maintain, gan their attacks in earnest, and in a regular way. Those within that my lord has now, or at any other time, comnmituod a dishonoable defended themselves well, for they were masters of their profession; act, or that my lord his fther has done so, or t hata h e owes you eany ad they sustained the assault one whole day, when they had hard homage or anything else, throw down yoor glove and you w il nod fighting, and were in great danger of being taken. On the sixth, one ieady enough to take it tip." Evan replied:'~ You are pris- the constable advanced himself with his Bretons in regular order, to oner: I shall gain no honor in calling you out, for you are not iyour make a fiercer assault than any of the former ones. Being covered own master, but belong to those who have taken you: but when you with large shields, and armed with pick-axes and mattocks, they have gained your liberty, I shall speak out more boldly, i'r things came up close to the walls, which they immediately battered, pulling shall not remain as they now are." As he finished these words, out stones in various places, insomuch that the garrison began to be some knights and Spanish men of valor got between them, and sepa- alamed: they, however, defended themselves as well as ever garri rated them. The four admirals did not, after this, make any long Soi did. stay, but led their prisoners to Burgos, to deliver them up to the king John Cresswell and David Hollegrave, the governors, saw the of Spain, who at that time resided there. peril they were in, and guessed that sir Bertrand, from this manner When the king heard of their coming, and that they were near to of proceeding, would not quit the place before he had conquered it; Burgos, he sent his eldest son, John, who was called the Infanta of so that, should they be taken by assault, they would certainly be put Castille, attended by a large company of' knights and squires, to meet to death; and, not seeing nor hearing of any succor coming to them, and to do them honor; for king Henry knew well that it became they opened a treaty to surrender the place, on their lives being,.him so to act; and he himself paid themi much attention, as soon as spared. The constable, who did not wish to harass his own people, qhey were come into his presence. Shortly after, the king issued out nor to push too far the garrison, whom he knew to be resolute men!::his orders, when they were sent to different places in the kingdom of at.-arms, accepted the terms, and agreed they should leave the castle, "Castille. taking nothing with them but gold or silver, and that they should be escorted to Poitiers. In this manner did the constable get the castle of Moncontour, of which he took possession, and had it well repaired. C H A P T E R C C C V III. He remained in it to refresh himself and men, for he was not deter. i.nT!E GONSTABLE DU GUESCLIN TAKES THE CASTLE OF iONMORILLON,* AND nined whither he should march next, to Poitiers or elsewhere. OTHER PLACES IN FOITOU. When the news was known in the city 6f Poitiers, that the con. WE will return to the affairs of Poitou, which at that time were not stable and his Bretons had retaken the castle of Moncontour, they,trifling matters, and say how those knights from England and Gas- were more alarmed than before, and immediately sent off messen cony acted who had conie into La Rochelle at the f'east of St. John gers to lord Thomas Percy, their s6neschal, who was on the expedi. the Bapctis, asw has been before related. Rcelatthe weea exc ong tion with the captal de Buch. At the same time that lord Thomas t he Baptist, as had not arriveb thefore the prelated. They were exceeding day, and been in te Percy received this information, sir John Devereux, who resided in ~vexed they had not arrived there the preceding day, and been in timethcaleoLaRhlewsodtatheonabefFrc, the castle of La Rochelle, was told that the constable of Francej,,-or the Spaniards. They held long councils how they should act, having encamped before Poitiers, had reconnoitred the place, and and which way they should advance, for they already had their suspi.having encamped before Poitiers, had reconnoitred the place, and that the inhabitants were the more afraid he would besiege it because cion of the loyalty of the Rochellers. They appointed sir John De- their s'neschal was absent. Sir John did not hear this intelligence vereux s~neschal of La'P~ochelle, with three hundred men-at-arms for with indifference, but set about to aid and comfort the Poitevins: he.lthe defence of the castle, for as long as they should be masters of that, wh fr b e a t o ianco h oinsh the town dared not to rebel. This business done, the captal deBuch'marched from La Rochelle, with only fifty lances, having appointed. the town dared not to rebel. This business done, the eaptal de Buch, on his departure, one of his squires, named Philip Mansel; oero who commanded the expedition, 16rd Thomas Percy, the earl of An- on his departre, one of his suires, nmed Phiip Mnsel, governor of the castle until his return. He took the road to Poitiers, which he gus, sir Richtax de Pontchardon, the souldich,t sir Peras de la Lande, and the others with their meii, marched fr~om La Rochelle. A~bout entered; and the citizens testified their obligations to him for it. The and the others with their men, marched fr'om La Rochelle, About?four hundred lances took the road for Soubise;$ for there were some principal citizens who brought the news from Poitiers to lord Thomas Bretons neare tht place, who having tak oien possession of seveoal ePercy, serving in the captia4's army, begged of him to hasten thither' Bretns earthatplae, ho avin taen ossssio ofsevraland as they expected an immediate siege, to bring with him as strong churches and snmall forts, had fortified them: but as soon as these and as they expected an immediate siegeto bring with him as strong a force as he could, for the French army was very considerable.?lords approached they fled, and the country was freed of such visitors. ea h od o the Fsve oneal At this time,.the constable of France, the dukes of Berry and Bour- On hearing this, lord Thomas explained the business to the captal,': bon, the count d'Alenuon, the dauphin d'Auvergne, the lord Louis de to know what he would say to t The captal, having considered it, was unwilling to break up his expedition, but gave lord Thomas. Sancerre, the lords de Clisson and de Lavel, the viscount de Rohan, was unwilhin8 to break up his expedition, but gave bid Thomas Sathe lord s d Beaumanoir, and numbers of the barons of France, had Percy leave to go there: he set off, and on his arrival in Poitiers was received with great joy by the inhabitants, who were very de- taken the field, and were with the army in the countries of Anjou, Au- srec wih ato the e foun d sir John Devereux ~ ergne and Berry.: in all, upward of three thousand spears. Those sirous of having him among them. He found sir John Devereux veords who wergn e under the immediate command of the constable ad- there, and great feastings and rejoicings were made on the occasion. eds wto owere rthey iedinat com and ofthecns teed- All this was known to the constable, who had continued in Mon.*vanced into Poitou, where they kept in a body, and then proceeded contour, and also that Poitiers had been reinforced with a body of,.Ito lay siege to a castle called Monmor~illon. O hi riate contour, and also that Poitiers had been reinforced with a body of o lay siege to a castle called Monmorillon. On their arrival, they menatarms. At the same time he heard from the duke of Berry,,:assaulted it briskly and gained it, putting all within to the sword. who commanded a large army in Auvergne, Berry, ad Burgundy,'They reinforced it with another garrison. They then marched tolarge army in Auverge, Berry, nd Brgudy, Chauvigny, on the river Creuse, and besieged it. They remained upon the borders of Limousin, that he was desirous of laying siege trathe garrison w to St. Severe;* which town belonged to sir John Devereux, but was.spared. They continued their march toward Lussac, where there is garrisoned, under his orders, by sir William Percy, Richard Gill, and atown pared.cotied which suraredssered immediathel withoutwastig Richard Orme, and a'large body of men-at-arms, who had overrun:as town and~cas. te, which surrendered immediately without waiting tecutiso uegeadLmuidigmc icift?the assault. They advanced toward the city of Poitiers, and lay one the countried of Auvergre and Limousin, doing much mischief to night in-the vineyards, which very much alarmed the city, as they both of them. The duke of Berry, on this account, wished to march ------------- ~~~~~~~~thither, and therefore entreated the constable, if he had not any' * Monmoritlon —a.town in in Poitou, eleven leagues from Poitiers. other views, that he would join him before St. Severe. The con. i'.Moisseigileur le Souldich. —D. SAuvVAo. + Soothe —s town ine Saistoege, six leaguesr from La octelle.stable, who was very wise, prudent, and inventive in all his under. $ Soubise —is town in aaintonge, six leagues from LS Rochelle. Charuvigny —.six leagiues fi'om Poitiers. *" d L t. Sevemo" —a town in Saintonge. near Saint~o CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 21 takings, considered that at that moment he could not expect success Sir William Percy and the two squires of honor, who were gov. before Poitiers, even if he were to march his men thither; for the ernors of the castle, perceiving how briskly the attacks were made, city had been'eatly reinforced with men-at-arms: he therefore de- and that they never cooled nor ceased, were sensible, that, if it thus clared he would join the duke of Berry. He set out from Moncon- continued, they could not long resist, and, according to their imagi tour with his wh le army after he had appointed a garrison to defend nation, no aid was coming to them from any part; for, if they had i, and joined the duke, who thanked him much for coming, as well suspected that a reinforcement was within ten leagues, they woule as all his knights and squires. When this junction was formed, there have taken courage, and have held out until they should have been was plenty of men-at-arms. The duke of Berry, in company with relieved: but, being ignorant of this, they opened a treaty with the the constable, reconnoitred St. Severe: their force was about four constable, to avoid further loss. Sir Bertrand, who had had certain thousand men-at-arms: they directly laid siege to the place, decla- intelligence that before evening he should see or hear of the English, ring they would not depart until they had possession of it. They eagerly concluded the negotiation, granting them their lives: on began the siege with great vigor, and sir William Percy and his com- which he made great rejoicings. He then ordered the army to march panions defended themselves equally well. into the plain, and draw up in order of battle, saying to the chief News was brought to sir John Devereux in the city of Poitiers, commanders: "Gentlemen, look to yourselves, for the enemy is ad. how the duke of Berry, the dauphin d'Auvergne, the constable of vancing, and I hope that we may have a battle before night." Each France, the lord de Clisson, the viscount de Rohan, with four thou- made ready, upon hearing this, as well for the attack as to defend sand men-at-arms, were besieging his castle of St. Severe. He was himself. The English, however, were in no hurry to march further, very pensive on hearing this, and spoke to lord Thomas Percy, who when they learnt for certain that St. Severe was taken. We will, was present when the intelligence came: "Lord Thomas, you are therefore, speak of what was passing in Poitiers. s6neschal of this country, and have sufficient influence and power to At this time there were great dissentions in Poitiers, for three do what I am about to request of you; which is; that you would ad- parts of the town wished to turn to the French; but John Regnault, vrise and assist me in succoring my people, for unless they are rein- the mayor, and a part of the commonalty, wanted to remain with the forced they must be taken by assault." "By my faith," replied lord English. Notwithstanding this, the richest citizens and the churchThomas, " I have every inclination and good wish to assist you: and men, of whom there were plenty, would, whatever might be the through love to you, I will set out, and speak to my lord the captal de consequences, have the constable sent for: indeed they secretly ad. Buch, who is not far distant. I will do all in my power to induce vised him to make haste and talke possession of the city, for on his him to accompany us, to raise the siege, and to offer battle to the approach they would open to him the gates. The constable was French." They immediately set out from Poitiers, leaving the city much rejoiced, and told it to the dukes of Berry and of Bourhbon, under the guard of the mayor of the place, whose name was John who determined that he should leave the army with three hundred Regnault, a good and loyal man. These knights rode until they met men-at-arms, mounted on the fleetest coursers they had; They rode the captal de Buch, in the plain, advancing toward St. Jean d'Angely. that day and the following night, with scarcely any repose, upward They remonstrated with him in a courteous manner, how the French of thirty leagues by another road than that the English had taken, had taken Monmorillon, near Poitiers, as well as the strong castle of and by daybreak arrived at Poitiers. They found the gates ready Moncontour; and that they were now employed at the siege of St. opened, and their party prepared to receive them. Had they but Severe, which belonged to sir John Devereux, to whom certainly delayed one half hour, they would have lost the opportunity; for some good services'were due. Besides, there were shut up in the John Regnault and his friends, having learnt the intention of the *ast'e, sir William Percy, Richard Gill, and Richard Orme, who others, had sent off in great haste to sir John Devereux and lord were too valiant men to be lost. Thomas Percy, who, with a hundred spears and as many archers, The captal de Bach, having considered a moment, replied, " Gen- were within one short league of the city. tlemen, what is it you wish me to do?" Some knights who were The barons arid knights of Poitou were thunderstruck at the cap. near had been called to this council, and they replied: "It is now a ture of Poitiers, as well as those from Gascony and England, who long time since we have heard you express a strong desire foran oppor- were collected in Poitou, to the amount of eight hundred lances and tunity of fighting with the French, you can never find a more favor- four hundred archers. They called a council to consider in what able one than by hastening to St. Severe; and, if you will issue your manner they should act, for they saw themselves in great difficulties, summons to Anjou and Poitou, we shall have a sufficient number to and were doubtful in whom they could put confidence. The barons combat the French with the good will we have to meet with them." and knights of Poitou therefore, the better to reassure the English, " By my faith," answered the captal, "I wish nothing better; and thus addressed them: "Certainly, gentlemen, it is exceedingly diswe will soon measure our strength with theirs, if it please God and agreeable for us to see the affairs of this country in such a state that my lord St. George." The captal immediately issued his summons we cannot bring any remedy to them; but depend upon it, that as to all barons, knights, and squires of Poitou and Saintonge attached long as we exist, and there shall remain any house or fort in Poitou to the English, entreating and enjoining them strictly to meet him, to receive us, we will always remain steadily and loyally attached at a certain fixed place, armed and prepared in the best manner they to our natural lord the king of England and to you." The English could. Every knight and squire who received these letters made all knights replied, "We place our entire confidence in you, and you possible dispatch to make himself ready, and took the field to meet will find in us companions and friends to death." There were very the captal as speedily as he could. Among the principal were, the long debates, when it was at last resolved, that the Poitevins should lord de Partenay, sir Louis de Harcourt, sir Hugh de Vinoue, sir march off one way, and the English to a different quarter. They Thomas his brother, sir Percival de Coulonge, sir Aimery de la Roche- parted from each other in the most amicable manner; that is to say, chouart, sir James de Surgeres, sir Geoffry d'Argenton, the lords de the lord de Partenay, the lords de Thouars and de Roussillon, sir Puissances, de Roussillon, de Crupenac, sir John d'Angle, sir Wil- Aimery de la Rochechouart, sir John d'Angle, sir Louis de Harcourt; liam de Montendre, and many other barons and knights: so that they sir Percival de Coulonge governor of Ttiouars, Hugh de Brionne mustered full nine hundred lances and five hundred archers. Reginald de Thouars, William de Crupenac, James de Surgeres, ann other knights and squires of Poitou, who took the road to T'houars The English, such as sir John Devereux, lord Thomas Percy, sir C H A P T ER C~C C x~. Richard de Pontehardon, the earl of Angus, sir Geoffry d'Argenton, HARIO FTEVRAFTER A R AS sir Matthew Foulkes, sir Thomas Gournay, sir Walter Hewitt, sir THSIR EERTRND DU GUE, AF T ER A SHARP ASSAULT, S URRENDERS TO John Creswell, and others, took the road to Niort,* which they in. SRENCHARTY.ND DUTHECIYOF OITIERS TURNS TO THE tended to enter without halting; but, when they arrived there, they FRIENCH PARTY.~ INTB~ELLIGENCEH~ wasT. to sirfound the gates shut and the drawbridge raised, and were told by the NTEIGENCEws ~brought to ir Bertrand du Guesclin and the inhabitants they should not have admittance. The English lords army before St. Severe, that the English, Poitevins, and their allies iminedivIly called a council, and declared such an insult was not to were fast approaching with a great force, in order to oblige them to be suffered: they drew up in good array, and attacked the town with raise the siege. When the constable heard of this, he was no way great courage, which was defended by the inhabitants: but there alarmed, but ordered every one to arm and to march directly to the was not any gentleman or knight within it to order or lead them, assault. No one disobeyed this command, but French and Bretons only mechanics, who knew not what it was to make war: so they advanced to the fort armed and well covered by their shields, when were conquered by the English. Could they have hold out until they began a vigorous attack, each lord under his own banner and vespers they would have been assisted, for the constable had ordered surrundd b hi peple.It as, hndsme sghtto ookatforvespers, they would have been assisted, for the constable had ordered surrounded by his people. It was a handsome sight to look at, for Thibaut du Pons, with two hundred combatants, to reinforce the Thibaut du Pens, with two hundred combatants, to reinforce thes at this assault there were forty-nine banners, and numbers of pen- garrison. They did not, however, arrive in time, for the town was nons. The constable and the marshal lord Louis do Sancerre were taken by assault, and pillaged, while men and women were promis. there at their proper posts, laboring hard to encourage the men to cuouslyput to the sword. The English took up their quarters in conduct their attack with greater valor. Knights and squires of all Niort wting for intelligence. nations were eager to gain honor and advancement, and performed many gallant exploits. Several crossed the ditches, which were full of water, with their shields on their heads, and marched up to the C H A P T E R C C C X I. waIls. In doing this, they never retreated, notwithstanding the things THE FRENCH MArrE THE CAPTAL DE BUCH PRISONER. LA ROCHELLE TUAS which were thrown down on them, but advanced the nearer to the fort. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~TO THE FREN.CH. fort. The dukes of Berry and Bourbon, the count d'Alen~on, and the dauphin d'Auvergne, with several other great lords, were on the DURING the time the English were in Niort, from whence, in truth, ditch encouraging their men, who, on account of such spectators, they were afraid of departing, Evan of Wales, in company with the advanced boldly, fearless of death and danger. * " liort' —a mty in Poitou, fifteen leagues from Poitiers. 2i13 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN; &c. Spanish Adniral don Roderigo di Rosas, arrived at La Rochelle The lord du Pons and the Bretons hastened their march toward with fourteen large ships and eight galleys, laden with men-at-arms St. Jean d'Angely, to join the other men-at-arms whom the constaand provision. They anchored before the town, so that nothing ble had sent thither. There were the viscount de Rohan, the lords could enter or come out without danger of being taken. Upon which de Clisson, de Tournemrine, de Beaumanoir, and de Rochefort, sir the Rochellers, who were wavering, had a secret interview with William des Bourdes, sir Olivier de Mauny, sir Reginald de LimouEvan and the Spanish admiral; and it was agreed mutually not to sin, sir Geoffry Ricon, Yvon de Laconnet, Alain de St. Pol, Car. hurt each other. The Spaniards and French remained at anchor suelle, and several more, who came before the town of St. Jean before La Rochelle; but they had spies in the countries of Poitou d'Angely, and made a great show as if they meant to assault it. and Saintonge, to inform them what was going forward. The gov- The inhabitants, seeing the country was lost, and their captain taken, ernor of La Rochelle was at that time Philip Mansel. at the same time not expecting suutLr from any part, surrendered The constable of France still continued in Poitiers, but he sent themselves to the French. The Bretons then marched toward An. the lord du Pens, and Thibaut du Pons, with three hundred spears, goul.me, which turned to the French, as did Taillebourg. They including every one, to Soubise, a very strong castle situated on the next advanced to Saintes, where they remained two days and two seashore, directly to the mouth of the river Charente, where it dis- nights; for the governor, sir William Farrngton, said he would not embogues itself into the sea. The lady of Saubise was in the castle, surrender so easily, and made preparations for its defence; but the but had not many men-at-arms to garrison it: she therefore directly bishop of the town, who was a Frenchman, worked upon the citizens sent off a squire to John de Grailly, captal de Buch, constable of so far as to induce them to seize the governor, and declare they would Aquitaine, to ask for succor, who was at the time in St. Jean d'An- put him to death if he would not permit them to surrender. Sir gely. ile sent orders for sir Henry Haye, s6neschal of Angoul6me, William consented, provided when they treated for themselves they sir William de Marneil, nephew to the lord Raymond de Marneil, did so for him, and that he should be permitted to march out free. lord Thomas Percy, and sir John Creswell, to come immediately to This treaty was accepted, and the French took possession of Saintes St. Jean d'Angely. and its castle. Sir William Farrington marched out, and was es. Evan of Wales was informed of all the particulars of this siege, as corted to Bordeaux. well as the assembly of St. Jean d'Angely. He therefore picked iEvan of Wales still lay before La Rochelle in company with the out four hundred lances of those most to be depended upon from his Spanish admiral, don Roderigo de Rosas, with forty large ships, whole army, and embarking them on board thirteen barges, set sail thirteen barges, and eight galleys. There were many negotiations with sir James de Montmoy and Morellet his brother. He left the between them and the citizens; but these last could not do anything Spanish admiral, with the remainder of the armament before La so long as the castle was in the hands of the English. They waited, Rochelle, and arrived undiscovered on the opposite shore to the therefore, dissembling their intentions, until the English should have castle of Saubise, where the lord de Pons was, who knew nothing of drawn off the greater part of the garrison, as they were doing by this embarkation. little and little, and until sir John Devereux had left it under the com. The captal was also ignorant of it, as he was collecting his forces mand of Philip Mansel, who had but a hundred companions one in St. Jean d'Angely; for, had he suspected anything of the sort, he with the other. At this time, a citizen called John Candorier,* would have had a larger body of men: but he sent back a consider- mayor of the town, assembled a meeting of those that were more able number, having alsoleft manyin St. Jeai d'Angely. He marched inclined to the French than to the English, and addressed them. with oaly two hundred lances at the utmost, and about night arrived " Gentle sirs, we see our neighbors taking part with the French on all near to the French army and to the castle of Soubise. They dis- sides of us, and we shall soon be so inclosed that we shall not know mounted on the outside of a small coppice, to tighten their gloves of which way to turn ourselves, nor even to go out of our town. I mail and regirth their horses. Having remounted, they displayed would therefore be expedient, as the moment seems favorable, to their banners, dashing among the French with their shouts of war. consider in what manner we may be able to gain possession of the Many were slain and wounded at this onset, for the French were castle, which has so much annoyed and vexed us, for tlie garrison is not on their guard. The lord du Pons and Thibaut du Pons, with now much weakened. Philip Mansel is not very crafty. I will sixty of their principal men, were made prisoners,. and the rest put therefore tell him I have received orders from the king of England, to flight. which command me to arm and muster all the inhabitants of the At this moment, Evan of Wales with his forces advanced, having town in a place which I will name, but that I must know the number hastily crossed the Charente, with torches and other lights, for it was of the garrison as well as the townsmen, so that I may be enabled to exceedingly dark. These four hundred lances, who were determined send him an exact account. i will desire him to march out of the men and quite fresh, fell upon the English and Gascons, who thought castle, and make his muster before me, which I am persuaded he will they had accomplished their business. Many were scattered about do. We will then have provided an ambuscade among the old ruins, pillaging, and the knights were attending to their prisoners. They on the outside of the castle, of two hundred companions, who, when were treated by these new comers very roughly, and in a short time the garrison have marched out, shall post themselves between them completely defeated. An able squire of Vermandois, called Peter and the draw-bridge, which will have been let down. We will also Danvilliers,* advanced and came so near the captal de Buch that he have a sufficient force elsewhere, who must advance in their front made him his prisoner by a gallant deed of arms. The captal was, and make them prisoners; by which we shall take both castle and at this period, the knight of Gascony attached to England whom the garrison, if you, gentlemen, approve of my plan." They all replied king of France and the Frenchmen wished most to gain, for he was in the affirmative, and adopted it, appointing the mayor captain of a hardy and enterprising captain. Lord Thomas Percy was also the enterprise. that day made prisoner by a WeLsh priest, called David Howel.t Sir The mayor, shortly afterwards, sent to invite the governor to a grand Maubrun de Linieres, sir Henry Haye, and several other knights and entertainment, where he met most of the principal inhabitants that squires were taken likewise. Sir Walter Hewett, sir Petiton de were in the plot. The conversation ran chiefly on the king of Eng. Courton, sir William Farrington and CarmilleS escaped with great land and his affairs; during which a large packet was brought to the difficulty; they made for the town of Soubise, but would have failed mayor, sealed with the great seal of England, the better to impose on of help if the lady had not been on the walls, who had the gate in- Philip Mansel, who could not read, but knew Well the seal. The stantly opened. They entered the place with several others. mayor read aloud this letter, putting such words in it as suited his On the next morning, Evan of Wales ordered all his barges and purpose, but which were not written. He then addressed his guest: boat to be drawn up before Soubise, on which he made a brisk at- "Governor, you see and hear what the king our lord's commands are tack. The lord du Pons and sir Thibaut du Pons, who had been to you and me. You must make your muster to-morrow, as we will rescued, assaulted it on the opposite side. The garrison and town, do ours." The governor, who but too well believed all he had heard, defended themselves valiantly; but the lady called a council of the said he would willingly obey, andwith this he took his leave. During knights and barons, as the place was not strong, and could not hold the course of the night, the mayor chose two hundred men, whom for any time: for she did not, in the present state of affairs, expect he well armed, and before day placed them in ambush among the any succor; and sent them to negotiate with the French. A treaty old walls on the outside of the castle. After nine o'clock the mayor was made on such terms that the knights who were in the town ordered the bells to ring, and the townsmen to arm themselves. Soon might retire in safety to Niort, Saintes, Lusignan, or whithersoever after, Philip Mansel armed his garrison, of sixty able men, and fit to they pleased; but the lady of Soubise was to place herself under the defend the place. They marched out of the castle; but when they obedience of the king of France. had passed the draw-bridge, the men who formed the ambuscade The English departed from Soubise, and were safely escorted sallied forth, and posted themselves between the English and the gate. wherever they chose to go. The French took possession of the town The garrison now saw they were betrayed, and marched toward and received the fealty of the lady, who swore allegiance to the king the ambuscade in hopes of regaining the entrance of the castle; but of France for herself and for her dependencies. Evan of Wales, sir at this moment the mayor advanced, with upward of two thousand James de Montmoy, and their men, returned to their boats, carrying of the inhabitants, so that the English, being attacked in front and with them the captal de Buch, and their other prisoners, to the large rear, were all made prisoners: they surrendered, on having their fleet, which was lying before La Rochelle. lives saved. The castle was not yet taken; for the English had left twelve of their men within, who had strongly closed the gate. The ""Danvilliers.". Froissart calls him Pierre Danieiies; hut I copy from Villaret's then came up Hist. de France, tom. v. who says thit Challes V. gave the squire twelve hundredlivres for the ransom of the captal, and cites le Tresor de Chartres for the receipt. tlemen, attend to what I say: if you do not immediately give orders t "David Howel." Villaret calls him David I-tonnel. I suppose it should be David for the castle to surrender, you may be assured we will have you all towel. In those days, it was common for priests to engage in war, notwithstanding beheaded atthe foot of this bridge. The English replied they would 4seir priesthood. a: "Carmille." Q.. " Candlorier." He was called Chaudron before. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 213 willingly do all in their power, and held several parleys with those and the Bretons did not spare themselves: they entered the ditches of the castle. It was agreed on all sides, that those who had been with shields on their heads, and advanced to the foot of the walls with made prisoners and the remainder in the castle should be embarked pick-axes and iron-crows, with which they worked so effectually that on board a ship, and conducted by the mayor and burgesses to Bor- *a large breach was made, through which they might easily enter. deaux. Thus did the Rochellers win their castle. The castle was taken, and all within put to the sword. The con. When the dukes of Berry, Burgundy, Bourbon, the marshal de stable had it repaired and new garrisoned. He then advanced toward Sancerre, the viscount de Rohan, the lords de Sully, du Pens, de Marans, the garrison of which surrendered on having their lives and CGisson, de Beaumanoir, and the other barons and knights of France properties saved. He next came to Surgeres, which also put itself were informed of it, they quitted Berry, Anjou and Limousin, where under the obedience of the king of France; for the English garrison they had made their quarters, and took the direct road for Poitiers, had gone away, being afraid to wait the arrival of the constable. He where the constable resided. In their march, these lords took a town marched after this to the castle of Fontenay le Comte,* where the mIn Poitou called St. Maixant,* which surrendered as soon as they lady of sir John Harpedon resided. He assaulted both town and came before it. The castle was taken by assault, and all in it put castle frequently: at last, the garrison left it on capjtulation, and to the sword. They afterwards took the castle of Merle, the castle of retreated to Thouars with the lady, under passports from'the constable. Aunay, and several other forts in their road. When they were ar- The French therefore took possession of the castle and town, and rived at Poitiers, they sent messengers to treat with the Rochellers, halted there to rest themselves. but they would not open their gates to them. They told the messen- Sir Bertrand and the lords of France marched to besiege Thouars, gers, that the inhabitants would not surrender themselves in so easy whither the greater part of the knights of Poitou had retired, namely, a manner; but that if the duke of Berry and the before-mentioned the viscount de Thouars, the lords de Partenay, de Pousanges, de lords were willing to agree, within six days, to send them passports Cors, de Crupignac, sir Louis de Harcourt, sir Geoffry d'Argenton, to come to Poitiers, they would then declare to them their intentions, sir James de Surgeres, sir Percival de Coulogne. They had caused and fully explain what they meant to do. The messengers returned, to be made at Poitiers and at la Rochelle large machines and cannons, and told what the inhabitants had said. Passports were granted, and with which they much harassed these lords of Poitou in Thouars; some of the burgesses came to Poitiers, when they declared to the who, having mutually considered their situation, proposed a treaty, lords that it was their intention to place themselves under the obedi- the terms of which were, that there should be a truce for them and al ence of the king of France; but that they would not allow of any that belonged to them until Michaelmas ensuing 1372: during which castle, and the present one must be razed to the ground: that it should time, thby should let the king of England, their lord, knbw the state be declared, under the king's seal, that no other should be erected: of the town and country: and if, within that period, they were not that the town of La Rochelle, and country dependent on it, should succored by the king of England or some of his children, they were, remain for ever as the particular domain, and under the jurisdiction, for themselves and their territories, to swear obedience to the king of of the kings of France, and that it should never be severed from it France. When the treaty was agreed to, some of the knights re by marriage, peace, or by any other means, whatever fortune may turned to Paris. The captal de Buch was conducted thither, and befal the kingdom of France; that the town should be allowed a imprisoned, under a good guard, in one of tie towers of the Temple mint, with liberty to coin florins, and black and white money, with The king was so much pleased with this prize, that he gave to the the same a]hoy and form as those of Paris. The French lords would squire that had taken him twelve hundred francs. not agree to these terms until the king had considered them; and The messengers from the lords of Poitou arrived in England, to ac they gave the Rochellers passports to wait on him at Paris. quaint the king, the prince of Wales (who at that time had pretty Twelve burgesses went to the king, who granted them everything well recovered his health) and the council with the situation of Poitou they had asked. He entertained them handsomely, and gave them and Saintonge. The king, learning that he was thus losing all the several rich jewels. When they returned to La Rochelle, they dis- territories which had cost him so much to conquer, remained pensive played their charters, which were sealed with the king's seal, and and silent: at last he said, that in a very short time he would go to had been confirmed in the parliament of tihe king and his peers. that country with such a powerful force as would enable him to wait They immediately began to demolish and raze to the ground the large for the army of the king of France, and never return to England beand strong castle of La Rochelle. They then sent to inform the lords fore he had regained all that had been conquered from him, or lose who were at Poitiers, that if they would come thither the gates would what remained. be open to them. The constable of France went with only two At this period, the army under the command of the duke of Lan. hundred men-at-arms. They received him with great joy, and did caster was completed. It was very numerous, and had been ordered to him their homage and fealty as to the king of France; for he to Calais; but the king and council changed its destination, having showed them a lawful commission from the king, which constituted determined it should go to Poitou, Saintonge and La Rochelle, as him his representative in all those parts of the realm. being the places where the business was the most pressing. The king of England issued a special summons throughout the realm, ordering all persons capable of bearing arms to come properly equip CHAPTER CCCXII. ped to Southampton and its neighborhood by a certain day, when they were to embark. None either wished or dared to disobey the IR BERTRAND Ou GUESNLIN TEAES SEVERAL CASTLES SN THE StOCNELLOS. command, so that numbers of men-at-arms and archers of all sorts THE N OF NGLND EBARS TO COME TO THE SSISTANCE OF marched toward the sea-coast, where there were about four hundred T~HOUAnS, -BUT IS rREVE.NTFD) BY CONTRARY WINDS: UPON WIHICHII THSOUARS, NBUT IS MREVENTD BY CONTRARY I wiTNDS: UPON WOHICH vessels of different sizes ready to receive them. The principal nobility TOSE OF T RS, AND MANY OTHERS N OITO, SURRENDER TO THE waited on the king and his family, who resided at Westminster. It FRENCH. had been settled between the king and prince, that if either of them WhEN sir Bertrand du Guesclin had resided four days in La Ro- should die in this expedition, the son of the prince, named Richard, -.helle, and had pointed out to the inhabitants in what manner they born at Bordeaux, should succeed to the crown. When therefore all should support and demean themselves henceforward, hlie set out on the nobles were assembled about the king before his departure, the,mis return to the lords he had left at Poitiers, whom he instantly prince caused them to acknowledge, that in case he should die before marched off to conquer other strong places in Poitou. They were his father, his son should succeed as king of England after the de. full three thousand lances. On their departure from Poitiers, they cease of his grandfather. The earls, barons, knights and commonalty laid siege to the castle of Benon,t and declared they would not leave of the country were so much attached to the prince for his gallantry it until it had changed masters. A squire from the county of Foix, at home and abroad, that they cheerfully assented to his request, named William de Pau, was governor of the place, under the captal the king first, then his chlildren, and afterwards the lords of England. de Buch: he had with him a Neapolitan knight, called sir James, Thie prince put them upon their oath, and made them sign and seal but without any surname. Many violent assaults were made, which to observe this arrangement before they separated. were well repulsed by the garrison. Matters being thus settled, the king, the prince, the duke of Lan. Not far distant was the town of Surgeres,; which was garrisoned caster, the earls of Cambridge, Salisbury, Warwick, Arundel, Sufwith English, by orders of the captal, then a prisoner, who said one folk and Stafford, the lord Despencer (who was but lately returned evening they would beat up the French quarters. They therefore from Lombardy,) the lords Percy, Neville, Roos, de la Warre, and all marched out, according to an agreement with those of Marans,~ and the principal barons of England, with about three thousand lances mustered in the whole about forty lances: they fell upon the quarters and ten thousand archers,t arrived at Southampton, when they emof tihe constable of France, wounded many, and particularly slew one barked on board the fleet, which was the largest that ever a king of of his own squires. The army were roused, and the Frenoh collected England sailed with on any expedition whatever. They steered for together as fast as they could; but the English, who had performed La Rochelle, coastimng Normandy and Brittany, and had various all they intended, rdentered their fortresses unhurt. The constable winds. The king of France, in the meantime, was collecting a great was so enraged at this, that he swore he would never quit the spot army in Poitou, to maintain his pretensions to Thouars: so that the where he was without conquering the castle of Benon, and putting to whole country was full of soldiers. The Gascons, on the other hand, death al. within it. He gave orders that very morning for every one were as actively employed in raising men under the command of to be ready for the assault, and had large machines brought, so that the lord Archibald de Grailly, uncle to the captal de Buch, who had [or a long time such an attack had not been seen. Themen-at-arms come forward at the entreaties of sir Thomas Felton, s~neschal of " "St. Maixant"-in the road between Salutes and Poitiers, fitteen leagues from the Bordeaux: they amounted to full three hundred spea."s. In this Btter. number were the lords de Duras, de Courton, de Mucident, de Rosen,' "Benos" —a small town in Aunis, diocese of La Rochelle. 1'Surgeres" —a town in Aunis, six leagues from La Rochelle. * "Fontenay le Comte" —:t city itn La Veunde, bishopric of La Rochelle. ~ "Maraas'"-a tiwn in Aunis, six leagues from La Rochelle. t My MS.-says, "four thmousand men-at-arms and twenty thousanl archers.' 214 CCHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. de,_angoren, and de Landuras, sir Peter de Landuras, sir Peter de batants, and were advancing fast toward him. Upon hearing this, the Courton. and sir William Farrington, an Englishman. lord de Clisson pushed the table from before him, and hastily armed This body of men left Bordeaux, and advanced to Niort, where hlimself. He mounted his steed, and set off suddenly, with all his they found sir Walter Hewett, sir John Devereux, sir'Thoitas Gour- men, leaving the greater part of what belonged to them on the field. nay, sir John Cresswell, and several others. When they were as- He never stopped until he arrived at Poitiers. The English were sembled, they amounted to about twelve hundred combasants. Sir much vexed at their disappointment. They returned-to Niort, where Richard de Pontchardon arrived there also, and brought with him they left in garrison sir John Devereux, the earl of Angus and Cresstwelve hundred more. The king of England and his children, with well. Sir Walter Hewett went to England. All the others went his large army, were beaten about on the sea, and could not land at back to Bordeaux, burning in their way the whole territories of the La Rochelle, nor anywhere near it, for wind and weather were lord de Partenay. against them. They remained in this situation for nine weeks; and Thus was all Poitou conquered, except the fortresses of Niort, Eli. Michaelmas was so near at hand that he found it was not possible for seth, Mortemer, Mortaigne, Lusignan, Chastel-Accart,* La Rochehim to keep his engagement with the Poitevin lords in Thouars. He sur-Yon, Gauzar, La Tour de l'Arbre, Merxis and others. These was severely disappointed at this, and disbanded his troops to go castles, however, held out, and made frequent inroads and attacks on whither they wished. The king, on his return, said of the king of' their neighbors; sometimes invading, at other times chased back France, " that there never was a king who had armed himself so lit- again. tie, nor one who had given him so much embarrassment." Thus did this large fleet steer to England, when it had as favorable a gale as CHAPTER C C C x III. could be wished. After they were disbanded, there arrived at Bordeaux upward of two hundred merchant ships for wines. THE DUKE OF BRITTANY DARES.OT OFENLY DECLA.RE FOR THE XING deau upwrd o twohunded mrchat shps fr wies.OF ENGLAND. SIR BETRAND DU GUESCLIN LAYS 5;IEGE TO ClVRAY.t When Michaelmas was nearly arrived, the barons of England and OF ENGLAND. SI ARE DEFETRAND AD TUECLIN LAYs SEGE OF TOE COUNTRIvSRA. Gascony, who had advanced to Niort in order to attend the king of THE ENGLISH ARE AEFENTED, AND TIE o OF TE COUNTRIES England at Thouars, were very much surprised that they heard not OF POITOU, SAINTONGE, ND A ROHELLE, ARE GIEN UP TO TIlE any tidings of him. In order, therefore, to acquit themselves, they FRENcH. sent messengers to the Poitevin lords in Thouars, who said to them: THE duke of Brittany, who remained peaceably in his duchy, was "Very dear lords, we are sent hither by the lords of Gascony in the much hurt at the losses of the English; for he said, such as he was dependence of the king of England, and by those English lords now the king (.l England and his power had made him, as he never should in company with them, who have desired us to inform you, that they have been anything of himself: that he owed all to the English have collected all their forces, which may amount to about twelve king, who had made war in his behalf, had lent him large sums of hundred fighting men,* ready and willing to serve you. They en- money, and had given to him his daughter in marriage, he would treat you to inform them, if, in the absence of the king of England therefore have been happy to have added Brittany as an ally of Eng. and his children, they can assist you, and if the relief may now be ac- land: but all the barons, knights, and squires of that country were cepted; for they are eager to adventure their lives and fori-tnes in your too much attached to the French, particularly the lords de Clisson, company."'rhe barons of Poitou replied: "We will call a council de Laval, and the viscount de Rohan, who at that time were the on what you have said; and we return our kind thanks to the barons greatest lords in Brittany. They addressed the duke in these words: of Gascony and England for sending to us, and for being so well "Dear lord, as soon as we shall clearly perceive that you take any prepared and willing to assist us." part with the king of England against the king of France, our sove. The knights of Poitou assembled; but at the first meeting they reign lord, we will all quit you and the country of Brittany." The could not agree on any determination, for the lord de Partenay, who duke could but ill disguise his anger: however, he only said, " they was one of the principal barons, was desirous they should defend did great wrong to the king of England." He now began to open themselves, as if the king of England had been present; but others himself more, and to discover his sentiments to others of the lords ol maintained, that they had given under their seats a declaration, that Brittany. if neither the king of England nor any of his chlildren were present, The king of France, who had gained over to him all the principal they would surrender themselves to the obedience of the king of persons in that country except sir Roloert Knolles, had besought them France. The lord de Partenay returned to his hotel in a very ill hu- to inform him whenever they found the duke acting contrary to theix mor; but he was afterwards so much talked to that he consented to wishes, assuring them he would provide a remedy. The duke saw agree with the others. They therefore sent word, that according to that he was not only suspected,but narrowly watched; which alarmed their treaty, it was absolutely necessary for the king of England or him lest they should seize his person, and send him to Paris. He one of his sons to be present. Thie English and Gascons at Niort were therefore signified to the king of England his situation, and entreated much vexed on hearing this, but they could not prevent it. him to send men-at-arems to assist him if there should be any occaThe dukesofBerry, Burgundy, Bourbon, the constable of France,the sion. The king ordered thither four hundred men-at-arms and as lord de Clisson, the viscount de Rohan, the dauphin of Auvergne, the many archers, under the command of lord Neville, who arrived at lord Louis de Sancerre, the lord de Sully, and the barons of France: St. Mathieu Fin de Terre?; where they remained all the winter, in all, about ten thousand lances, without reckoning the others, ad-. without doing any damage to the country, paying for everything they vanced from Poitiers, and drew up in batdtle-array before Thouars the had; for the duke, on account of the suspicions of his nobles, did not eve of Michaelmas-day, and also on the feast-day until evening, when choose to pat them into any of his castles. When the knights of they retired to their quarters. On the morrow, the two brothers of the Brittany saw the English thus come to tihe assistance of the dulke, kin0 of France and the constable sent to the knights of Poitou in they were indigtant, and shut up their own castles, showing much Thouars, to remind them of what they had sworn and sealed. They ill.will against the duke. Things remained in this doubtful mannem returned for answer, that they should very soon retire to Poitiers, all the winter. when they would put themselves and their dependencies under the As soon as the season permitted, sir Bertrand du Guesclin marched obedience of the king of France. The lords of France, satisfied from Poitiers with full fourteen hundred combatants, and laid siege with this answer, departed from before Thouars; and the dukes dis. to the town and castle of Civray. There were with him, of Breton banded the greater part of their men. knights, sir Alain de Beaunianoir, John de Beaumanoir, Arnoul On this s-paration, the lord de Clisson, with a large body of men- Limousin, Geoffry Ricon, Yvon de Laconnet, Geoffry de Kerimel, at-arms, of whom the constable had given him the command, came with many other knights and squires. They fixed their qaarters be. before Mortaigne.sur-mer, which at that time. was attached to the fore Civray, and snrrounded them with palisadoes to prevent being English. An English squire, called James Clerk, was governor of surprised in the night. Frequently the most expert of them advanced the place, and might have had with him sixty companions. When to make trials of skill with those of the castle, who defended them. the lord de Clisson came before Mortaigne, he assaulted it very vigor- selves valiantly. During the siege, sir Robert Micon, and Nicotin ously: but, though he did not spare himself on the occasion, he l'Escot,~ the governors of Civray, Sent intelligence of their situation gained nothing; upon which he retreated to his quarters. The gov- to sir John Devereux and the earl of Angus, who were in garrison ernor, who found he should be hard pushed, sent off secretly to those at Niort. They instantly ordered the garrisons from Lusignan and knights of Gascony and England who were at Niort, to desire they Gouzar to march to Niort, when they amounted all together to, six would come that night to Mortaigne; that he would lodge them in or seven hundred good men-at-arms, well equipped, without counting his hbtel; and that they might easily pass through the quarters of the the pillagers. They advanced until they came hear to Civray, French forces, who were but two hundred fighting men. These lords which is but four leagues ftom Niort; when they halted sometime to set out from Niort, with five hundred lances, and rode all night to arrange themselves, but it had been better for them had they proarrive at Mortaigne, for they had a great desire to catch the lord de ceeded to the quarters of the constable.I[ Clissun. But a spy, who had left Niort with them, having overheard News was brought to him of the arrival of the English, while they some part of their intentions, made as much haste as possible to the were forming themselves in the plain. He was not any way alarmed lord de Clisson, whom he found sitting at his supper. He informed at it, but ordered his men to arm without making any delay, and to him that the enemty had marched fr'om Niort with five hundred com- march out in a body. When he saw them all assembled, he said * All the printed copies and MSS. except the one I have lately qluoted, have 1200. In * Ch.stel l'Archer —a village in Poitou. the preceding page, Froissart ays 1200 men came t0s Niort with sir John Devereux, &c. I: "Civray " —a tosva is Poitou, on the Charente, ten leagues from Poitiers, and that sir Riclhrd de Pontchardos brounht1'20 orene. They ought, thsereibre, to have J St. Mathieon tin de Terre, or St. Malh~, is a village in Brittany, diocese of St. Pel been 2400. My MS. nearly reconciles this by saying, that, "the herald Chandos, who de Leon. Froissart calls it St. Miathien de Fine Piterne. earried thle message to tIhe knights in Theouas, informed theem his lords were assembled ~ "Sir Robert Micon and Nicotin l'Escot." My MSS. have sir Robert Miton and m in Nmort with t2o0 lances. English and Gascons. and about 2000 archls' and lusty Martin Scntt. va~.~.~,~'~I i The historian oian ritttany says. they there intoxicated themselves. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &cc 21b to them;n "My good gerntlemen, what hearts have you for a battle? when they departed in great array, with about fourteen' hundred I fIancy we must engage our enemies." They replied: "My lord, lances, for Lusignan,* which surrendered upon condition the garri. we are very willing to do so, thanks to God." The constable then son should march out unhurt, carrying away all they were able, and ordered an ambuscade to be formed, of two hundred combatants, with a passport for the constable to conduct them to Bordeaux. The near to the castle: for he judged the garrison would of course make French gained this castle, which was very grand and handsome, and a sally. He then commanded the greater part of the palisadoes to all the lordship dependent on it, whose vassals became liege men to be levelled to the ground, that there might not be any hindrance the king of France. when he should march out, and drew up his forces in two battalions. After this, the Bretons marched to Chatel l'Archer, when the con. Sir Alain de Beamont commanded one, and sir Geoffry de Marneil* stable sent immediately to the lady de Plasamartin, who was the wife toe other. It was strictly fbrbidden for any one to advance before of sir Guiscard d'Angle, and resided in it. She entreated he would his banner until ordered, and he was to remain till then quietly in grant her an escort, that she might speak with the duke of Berry at his rank. Poitiers. The constable complied with her request, and ordered one We will now return to sir Robert Miton and sir, Martin Scott, of his knights to conduct her. When she came before the duke, she who, from the heights of the castle saw the English in the plain prostrated herself to the ground. The duke caused her to rise, and drawn up in battle-array. They said, "Let us make ready to quit demanded what she wished to say: "My lord," replied she, " I am the castle, for we can easily pass through these Bretons; and when summoned by the constable to put myself and my lands under the our friends shall see we are engaged, they will come to our help, obedience of the king of France. You know well, my lord, that and we may do much mischief before they will be prepared to my husband is now lying a prisoner in Spain: his lands, therefore, defend themselves or suspect our intent." About sixty combatants are under my direction. I am but a weak woman, and cannot dis. thiat were to make this sally armed themselves, who, when ready, pose of my husband's property as I please; for, if by accident I sallied forth on horseback to skirmish with the enemy; but they should do anything contrary to what he would have wished, he will were attacked by the ambuscade which had been laid for them. be angered and blame me for it. However, to satisfy you, and to Hard indeed was the fight, but the English were so surrounded that keep my lands in peace, I offer you a composition for re and mine, they could neither advance nor retreat: they were all slain or made on these terms: that no war shall be made on us, nor will we engage prisoners, not one escaping: the two governors were also taken. in any offensive or defensive war. When my lord shall have gained The English remained in battle-array in the plain, and the con- his liberty and be returned to England, whither I suppose he will stable of France in his quarters: for he imagined that the English retire, I will inform him of the terms of this composition, and whathad placed a large ambuscade in a coppice on his rear. The Eng. ever answer he shall return to me, the same I will forward to you." lish had brou'ght with them a rout of pillaging Poitevins and Bretons, "Lady," answered the duke, " I grant it on condition that neither amounting to about two hundred, whom they sent iforward to skir- for yourself, nor castles, nor fortresses, you lay in a greater stock of mish with the French. As soon as these pillagers came opposite to provision, artillery, or men-at-arms than are nowwithin them." The the battalion of the lord constable, they declared themselves loyal lady returned to ChAtel l'Areher, when the siegq was raised; for she Frenchmen, and, if he pleased, would serve under him. The con. showed the agreement made with the duke of Berry. stable immediately assented, commanding them to wheel on one This army of Bretons, of which the constable was the leader, side, when he learnt friom them ~he arrangement of the English force, departed, and came before Mortemer. The lady de Mortemer sur. and that there was not any ambuscade. On hearing this, the con- rendered herself and as to the obedience of the king of France. stable was more easy than before; and having ordered his men to Sue gave up also the castle of Didonne,f which belonged to her form, he advanced with his banner, marching on the wing of the Thus was all Poitou, Saintonge, and La Rochelle freed and delivered two battalions. They had dismounted, and pushed toward the from the English. When the constable had placed sufficient garri palisadoes, which they had allowed to remain standing, every one sons everywhere, and found nothing rebellious, as far as the river shouting, "Notre Dame Gueselin,,, Gironde, he returned to Paris. The dukes of Berry, Burgundy, and The English on seeing them issue out of their fort, drew up also Bourbon, with the greater part of the barons of France who had on foot, and advanced with great alacrity. Their frs onset was been concerned in these conquests, had already arrived there. The against the battalion of the constable, which was fierce and desperate. king had entertained them most handsomely on their return; but this The English drove quite through this battalion, and overthrew was nothing to the honors that were shown sir Bertrand du Guesclia many. But the Bretons had wisely drawn up their army: there when he came to Paris: the king did not think he could sufficiently were two battalions on the wing, who, being quite fresh, followed the testify his regard and esteesim for him, and detained him constantly constable, and, fallina upon the English who were tired, beat them about his person at Paris and elsewhere. most dreadfully. They, however, like men of courage, turned about, without shrinking from their ill fortune, and combated most valiantly with the arms they had, such as battle-axes and swords of Bordeaux, C H A P T E R C C C X I V. with which they dealt many hard blows. Several excellent knights of each side adventured boldly, to exalt their renown. This battle THE SGE OF BECHERSEL PEACE BETWEEN THE KCINS OF FRANCE AND NAVAaRE. TOE DEA'T OF THE KINO OF SCOT AND. was as well fought, as many gallant deeds performed, and as many captures and rescues took place as had been seen for a long time in ABOUT this time, the lords de Clisson, de Laval, d'Avangour, de all that country; for both armies were on foot, on a plain, without Tournemine, de Rieux, de Rochefort, the viscount de Rohan, sir advantage to either. Each labored to perform his duty well, and Charles de Dinan, banneret of Brittany, the marshal de Blainville, many were slain outright or desperately wounded. In short, all the the lords de Bambie, de Ruille, de Fonteville, de Granville, de FarEnglish who had marched thither were so completely discomfited mille, de Denneval, and de Cleres, bannerets of Normandy, with many that not one escaped death or captivity. Two good squires were others from Normandy and Brittany, laid siege to the strong castle of there slain, Richard Neville and William Worsley; James Wil- Becherel, and pressed it hard by their assaults. There were in this loughby was very badly wounded. Sir John Devereux, sir Aimery castle two able captains from England, sir John Appleyard and sir de Rocheehouart, David Holgrave, Richard Oliver, John Cresswell, John Cornewail, who, with their companions, bravely defended themand many others from England and Poitou, were made prisoners. selves: and at this time there were various gallant deeds, sallies, This battle of Civray happened on the 20th day of March, 1373. skirmishes, and rescues, performed before Becherel. Not far distant The constable and his army returned to their quarters, where they was the town of St. Sauveur le Vicomte; in which were, sir Thomas cleaned and refreshed themselves, and attended to the wounded and Trivet, sir Aleyne Boxhull, sir Philip Pechard, and the three brothers prisoners, of whom they had great numbers. The constable then Maulevrier; so that, before the siege of Becherel, these two garrisons sent sir Alain de Beaumont to hold a parley with the garrison, who overran all lower Normandy, and nothing could escape, but what told them, that if they suffered themselves to be taken by assault, was inclosed in forts, from being taken and carried to one or other they would all be put to the sword without mercy. Upon this, the of these towns. They ransomed the bishoprics of Bayeux and Evo garrison surrendered to the constable, who allowed them to leave the reux, in which the king of Navarre had connived, and reinforced them, place and march to Bordeaux, with a passport from him. The French with men and provisions from the garrisons he held in the county of: gained this castle and territory, which submitted to the obedience of Evreux. the king of France. The Bretons advanced eagerly toward Niort, He was not ingood humor with the king of France; inasmuch as; which is a handsome town in Poitou, and had always supported the the garrisons of Cherbourg, CochereI, Conches, Breteuil, Evreux, and. interest of the English, who had kept there a very large garrison. several others dependent on the king of Navarre, had much impover.. As soon as the inhabitants of Niort heard the constable was marching ished and ruined the country of Normandy. However, about this. thither, they went out to meet him, and, presenting him the keys of period, the differences were accommodated between the two kings,, the town, conducted him and all his men into it with great rejoic- and treaties entered into, through the mediation of the count de ings.t The Bretons remained there four days to recover themselves, Saltzbourg, who had made many visits to each party, and the bishop: of Evreux. The two kings met in an amicable manner in the castleo"Marneit." Time different editions havea variety of names for this person. Imhave of Vernon, when they swore, in the presemice of several of the greati ftllowed the oldest MS. J have, which, from its writing, seemms to be of the same age lords of France, peace, love, amity, and alliance henceforward fot' with Froissant: but I shoulod rather ippose it ought to be sir Geoffry de Kerimel, as he ever. The king of Navarre accompanied the king of France ta.e is particularly mentioned before. Niort is said to have been gained by a stratagem. After the defeat at Civray, the * "Lusignan " —a town in Poitou, twelve leagues from Niort. constable ordered his knights to dress themselves:' fine emblazoned surcoats of his pris- t "Didoane " —or St. Georges de Diodonne —a small town in Saintonge. onerswhich caused time garrison atNiort to opeln ieir gates, believing them the English T believe it was a dependency of the sandich de Trane. —See Assmome. smtgntm returning vwctonout 4om C(ivray. —Hist. ae Bretagne:: Becrnerel —a town in Brittany, two leagues from st. Malo. 216 CHROIVICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. Paris, who showed him and his companions all manner of respect. The constable of France entered Brittany, attended by those barons The king of Navarre put his territories in Normandy under the gov- and knights of the country who had been at the siege of Becherel, ernment of his brother-in-law the king of France, and left his two they having left the continuance of it to the knights and lords of sons, Charles and Peter, with the king their uncle. He then affec- Normandy. On the arrival of the constable before Rennes, the in. tionately took his leave, and returned to Navarre. habitants knew that his visit was to take possession of the whole This peace continued for four years; but then great dissensions country; for the king and his council had pumlished a declaration arose between them, as you will hear in the course of this history, that the duke had forfeited it, because he had surrendered to the if I should live to finish it: I do not think, however, that it will be English different towns, castles, and forts, and had even wished to soncluded in this book. take part with the king of' England against the crown of France, The 7th of May, 1373, king David of Scotland departed this life from which he held his duchy by faith and homage. They were In the city of Edinburgh, and was buried in the abbey of Dunferm- unwilling to incur the horrors of war, and received the constable -n line, beside Robert the Bruce his father. He left behind him neither a peaceful manner, acknowledging the king of France for their lord. male nor female offspring, and was succeeded by his own nephew, After the constable had gained possession of Rennes, he hastened Robert the Stewart of Scotland, who was a fine knight, and had to Dinan, which surrendered to the obedience of the king of France. eleven sons.* He next advanced to Vannes, which did the same. Luzurnont,* however, held out for the duke; it was roughly assaulted and taken by storm, so that all within were put to death. The constable C H A P T E R C C C X V marched to Jugon, which accepted the terms of the king of France; as did also the castle of Guy la Forkt, la Roche-derrien, the towns THE EARL OF SALISBURY, SIR WILLIAM NEVILLE, SIR PHILIP COURTENAY, of Guingamp, St. Mah6, and St. Male. In like manner did Quim. WITH MANY OTHER MEN-AT-ARMS, LAND IN BRITTANY. THE CONSTA- percorentin, Quimperl6, Credo, Galaude, as well as several other BLE OF FRANCE MARCHES THITHER; ON WHICH THE DUKE OF BRITTANY fortresses in the neighborhood, turn to the French. The constable GOES TO ENGLAND. marched first through lower Brittany, because it was more attached ORDERS were given in England for the earl of Salisbury, sir Wil- to duke John de Montfort than the upper parts. ham Neville, and sir Philip Courtenay, to put to sea with a large When the duke of Brittany embarked for England, he nominated body of men-at-arms, to guard the coasts; for it was reported that the Spaniards and Evan of Wales were on the seas, with six thousand men, to burn the country. These lords had under their -—::: command forty large ships, _ =: without counting sloops, and::_-__===_ two thousand men-at-arms, not including archers. They -._ =-_ set sail from Cornwall,where they had embarked for the _ a — coasts of Brittany, and, ar- -uh riving at St. Male, burnt in the harbor seven large Span- __ ish ships that were lying _. there. The country was much surprised at this, and said the duke had sent them orders to come thither: they began to suspect his intentions more than ever, and! strengthened all their towns, i castles, and cities. Hannebo-: The duke had placed his. confidence in some of the knights of Brittany, who had betrayed his secret, so'', that the king of France or. dered his constable to in- vade Brittany with a large body of men-at-arms, and to take possession for him of all cities, towns, castles, and fortresses, as well as such persons whom he should find in rebellion, and confiscate DUNFERMLINE ABBEY. the Burial Place of Robert Bruce and the early Kings of Scotland. From an Original Drawing. their property. The constable marched from Paris to Angers, and from thence issued his summons. He was there sir Robert Knolles governor of the duchy, but very few lords,ouyed joined by the duke de Bourbon, the count d'Alenaon, the vis- him. He, however, sufficiently reinforced his castle of Der, oti nith counts de Meaux and d'Ausnay, sir Raoul de Coucy, Robert de St. men, and, having provided it with every necessary, gave the corn. Pol, Raoual de Raineval, Louis de Sancerre marshal of France, with mand of it to his cousin Hugh Brock. Sir Robert shut himself up numbers of barons and knights from the countries ofVernmandois,Artois, in Brest. and Picardv. without counting those from Ansjon, Poitou, and Touraine. The constable came before Hennebon: the governor was an Eng. The earl of Salisbury, who was at St. Male with his army, was lish squire, called Thomelin Ubich,t nominated by the duke.'here informed of this assembly of men-at-arms, and also that the whole was also with him in the castle a knight named sir Thomas Prior, t"of Brittany was in opposition to the duke. He set sail with his fleet, who had been sent thither by sir Robert Knolles; and their garrisons,and bore away until he came to Brest, which has one of the strongest might consist of about fourscore men, without counting the inhabit. cnstles in the world. When the duke of Brittany heard of the march ants of the town. The French, on their arrival, began to make a of the constable, he was afraid of trusting himself to the inhabitants of violent attack on the castle: they always carried with them many "Vannes or Dinan, or indeed to any of his principal towns: he thought large engines and cannons, by means of which they had taken several:if he should shut himself up in any one of them, he would run great towns, castles, and forts in Brittany: in particular, they had stormed frisks. He went, therefore, to the castle of Auray, which is situated the town of Quimperl6, of which James Ross, a valiant squire of between Vannes and Rennes, and was attached to him; for hle had England, was governor. He could obtain no quarter, for he fell into,given the command of it to an English knight called sir John Austin. the hands of sir Oliver de C!isson, who slew him and several others'The duke left his lady under the care of this knight, entresting him with his own hand: he had no mercy nor pity on any Englishman.'to guard her well, which he promised to do. After this, he rode to Let us return to the siege of Hennebon. The constable of France,.St. Mah;; but they shut the gates against him: from thence he after he had pointed his engines and cannon against the walls of the'went to Concarneau,t where he embarked for England. town and castle, which the lord Charles de Blois could never con' Lord Hailes, in his Annals. says: "David II. died 22nd February, 1370-1, in the quer, ordered all the men-at-arms to make a brisk assault, for he had:!austle of Edinburgh, in the 47rh year of his age, andi rise 42nd Of his reign. le was * Probably Sucinio —a castle near Vannes, which was taken by assault, and the gar:buried in time church of the abbey of Holyrood. before the gre t altar." risen slaim. —Hist. de Bye-atnge. t " oncarneau " —a seaport in Brittany, about four leagues freom Quimper. 1' "Thomelin Ubich." Q. Wich, or Holbeck. Barnes calls him Thomas Wica CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 2 resolved to sup in the place that evening. They made a most fierce to the duke of Anjou, who was on the borders: he approved of it, attack, without sparing themselves; and the inhabitants, assisted by on condition that the garrison of Derval should not during the truce the English, made as gallant a defence. Upon this, the constable receive any one into the castle. Sir Hugh Brock sent several knights zalled out to them, saying: "Attend to me, you men of Hennebon: and squires as his hostages for the due execution of the treaty. it is quite certain we must conquer you, and that we will sup in your After this capitulation, the constable of France made an excursion town this evening: if, therefore, any of you be bold enough to throw to the city of Nantes. The citizens shut their gates, because he had a stone, arrow, or by any means hurt the smallest of our boys so that with him a large army, and went forth to know his intentions. The he be wounded, I vow to God I will have you all put to death." constable told them he had been nominated and sent by the king of These words so much frightened the inhabitants that they retired to France, their lord, to take seisin and possession of the duchy of their houses, leaving the English to defend the place as well as they Brittany, which sir John de Montfort, who called himself duke, had could: but the town was too large for them to guard every part of forfeited. The citizens requested time to hold a council, to deliberate it, so that the army of the constable entered, and put all the English on what he had said, before they gave an answer. After a long to death except the two captains, whom they made prisoners. Be- time debating the business, they returned and spake to the constable: cause the townsmen had obeyed the constable, he commanded that " Dear lord, it seems quite marvellous to us how the king of France no one, when theystormed the place, should dare any way to injure can thus seize the inheritance of our lord the duke; for the king, them. When sir Bertrand du Guesclin had thus won the town and not long since, commanded us to receive him as our duke. We strong castle of Hennebon in Brittany, he remained there for fifteen have therefore sworn fealty and homage to him; and he has in days, and then marched toward Concarneau. return promised and sworn to govern us as subjects, which he has In the mean while; the earl of Salisbury, sir William Neville, sir hitherto punctually done. We have never had any grounds for sus. Brian Stapleton, and sir William Lucy, having reinforced and revict- pecting him of fraud or guile. If you enter this town by virtue of ualled the fort of Brest with men-at-arms, archers, and provisions, the procuration you say you have, we will allow you so to do; but had embarked on board their ships in order the better to defend it on condition, that if it should happen that the duke of Brittany against the French, whom the English knew to be in Brittany, but return to this country, and be desirous of becoming a good Frenchwere uncertain to what quarter the constable would lead them. The man, so that all prelates, barons, gentlemen, and good towns in constable on coming before Concarneau, which is a sea-port, took it Brittany, shall acknowledge him for their lord, we shall be acquitted by storm, and slew all the English except their captain, sir John without loss for what we now do, or may have before done; and Langley, who received quarter. The French repaired the town, and that you will not consent to any violence being offered to us, nor strengthened it with men-at-arms and all sorts of provision. They will you receive the rents or revenues of Brittany, but they shall then advanced to Brest, in which were sir Robert Knolles, with two remain as a deposite with us until we have other information, or hundred men-at-arms, and as many archers. hear news more agreeable to us than what you have brought. The The lords of France and Brittany laid siege to Brest: they had constable swore to keep everything as procurator for the king of with them about six thousand combatants. Shortly after they had France in this case. He and all those who were with him then en commenced this siege, the duke of Anjou sent for sir Oliver de Clis- tered the city of Nantes, which is the principal town in Brittany. son, who had under his command some of his men, to come and lay When sir Robert Knolles heard that his cousin, sir Hugh Brock, siege to la Roche-sur-Yon, which the English still held. Sir Oliver had concluded a capitulation for the castle of Derval with the French, surrounded the place, and pointed against it large engines, which he and found that unless he also entered into a negotiation he could had brought from Angers and Poitiers. In company with tiese Bre- by no means leave his post to succor it, sir Robert made offers of tons came several nobles and gentlemen of Poitou and Anjou: they treating with the French and Bretons who had remained before kept up a sharp attack, and pressed hard the garrison of la Roche- Brest: they replied that they could do nothing without the constable. sur-Yon, saying they would never leave the place before they had An English knight and two squires, having had passports, came to conquered it. The duke of Anjou returned to his own country, but a mansion near Nantes, where the constable resided, on the banks of frequently sent provision and other armtic,1 to those who were carry- the Loire, with other knights of France and Brittany. A treaty was ing on the siege. The constable, the duke of Bourbon, the counts entered into, on these terms; that the garrison of Brest should have d'Alenqon and de Perigord, the dauphin d'Auvergne, and the great a truce for forty days, during which time, unless there should arrive barons of France still maintained the siege of Brest; but too little a sufficient force to fight with the constable, the fort was to be sur. did they gain, for it is one of the strongest castles in the world. rendered. The garrison was to remain on the same footing it then As sir Robert Knolles was the governor, the lords of France resolved was, without receiving any reinforcements of men or provision. The to send a body of men to invest his castle of Derval. Many noble. negotiators returned to sir Robert Knolles, who sent, as pledges to men of IBrittany and of Touraine went on this expedition: they the constable, able and sufficient knights and squires. The hostages, were, in the whole, about four hundred fighting men. on their arrival, were ordered to the prison of the constable; and all those who had been at the siege of Brest departed. The constable gave also leave for several others to go away, whom the king of France sent to garrison his cities, castles, towns, and forts in Picardy CHAP T ER C C C XVI. for the duke of Lancaster had landed at Calais with a large army. "Mm FRENCH aBESIEGE FOUR DIFFERENT PLACES. LA ROCtE-SUR-YON When the earl of Salisbury (who had all that season cruised on SURRENDERS TO THE FRENCH, THIE SIEGE OF BREST IS RAISED BY the coasts of Brittany and Normandy, having for thatpurpose been CAPITULATION, WHICH IS NOT IKEPT. reinforced by the king of England, so that he might have on board with him a thousand men-at-arms and two thousand archers,) heard T lords of France were at this time besieging four towns at of the capitulation of Brest, he said, that if it pleased God, he would;nce; namely, Becherel, Brest, la Roche-sur-Yon, and the one just offer combat to the French. He made sail, and arrived at Brest, formed before Derval. The besiegers had many an assault to make, which is situated on the seashore, when he disembarked, and drew and many gallant feats of arms to perform, in order to obtain suc- up his men in order of battlebefore Brest: at night, they all retreated CeSs. The inhar, tants of la Rche-suE-Yon, being farthests of from any to their vessels. This he daily performed, in order to be ready to The inhatats of la Roche-sur-Yon, being farthest off from any ight the enemy, should they advance to that quarter. assistance, and surrounded on all sides, entered into a capitulation, The constable had dismissed the greater part of his men: he had The constable had dismissed the greater part of his men: he had that if they were not succored within one month, the garrison would also on his ands, the sieges of Becherel and of Derval, d did not march out, and deliver up the castle to the king of France. The i ha S the imagine the earl of Salisbury would have an'ired on th coast so lord de Clisson and the other lords returned at the appointed day; soon. He set out from Nates when the day approached for the and, when no reinforcements appeared to raise the siege, the castle surrender of Brest, but did not march quite so far; for he had surrendered, and the English, under the passports of the lord de Pens had intelligence that the English were in sfficient fore to fighd marched way for Bordeaux.* ~~~~had imatelligence that the English were in sufficient force to fight marched away for Bordeaux.* with him. On hearing this, he halted where he was, and remained After this, sir Oliver de Clisson and the others who had been at Athi c es, marcierdet D ther othey wha casd 1. at there quiet for about seven days, being desirous of having the advice this conquest, marched to Derval, whither they had caused large, of a full council of war which he had summoned. The earl of Salis. machines and engines to be brought. To this siege of Derval came bury had posted himself very advantageously before Brest; and, the constable of France, the duke of Bourbon, the counts d'Alengon finding that the constable and Bretons did not advance, he sent a and du Perche, with numbers of the ltmghts and barons of France, herald to sir Bertrand du Guesclin, who, on his arrival, respectfully for they found they were only losing their time before Brest. Two saluted him, and sai: "My lord, the earl of Salisbury and the lords CD ~~~~~~~saluted him, and said: "1My 1.ord, the earl of Salisbury and the lords thousand, however, remained behind, who built a block-house i of E land signify by e, who am a herald at arms and their sersuch a situation that no one could enter Brest to reinforce or revictual vant that as you had for a long time besieged the town and castle it. Sirthat as youBrock and the garriso on in Drval, seein and castle t. Sir ttugh Brock and the garrison in Derval, ~seeing themselves of Brest, and certain treaties and capitulations had been entered into attacked by such a force, were alarmed lest they should be taken by for Bt aIIndcer teas ad eapiuatond bee entere in storm, and proposed a treaty for a truce of two months; and if with- its surrendr ulss tsod suo befor e a certain day in tht tie the wer not elieed bythe uke o' -which is not far distant, they wish to inform you that they have emhBrittany, or others camped themselves before Brest to fulfil this engagement and to do. in sufficient force to keep the field, to raise the siege, and to fend the castle: they beg and entreat of you, therefore, to advance, bat the French, they would surrender themselves and the castle to when you shall be fought with without fail; and supposing you re. ghe duke of Anjou, or to the constable; but if a body of men-at-arms fuse your consent to this, that you will send back the hostages." should arrive, and offer battle to the French, the garrison should The constable replied: "Herald, you bring us agreeable news, and renisin in peace. This treaty was concluded, and information sent are welcome. You will tell your masters, that we are more desirous Mr MS. mentions sir Robert Grenacres as governor of La Roche-sur-Yon. to combat them than they are too meet us; but that they must march CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. to the place where the treaty was first entered into and agreed upon. Brittany, who had many gallant knights to accompany them: the You will inform them, that if they will advance to that place, they constable, the lord Despencer, brought up the rear. They marched shall infallibly have a battle." in close order, without any one being suffered to quit his rank; and The herald returned to his masters before Brest, and delivered his the van was always armed ready for combat. They were quartered message: they sent him back to the constable, to whom he said: together at night, keeping a strong and strict guard to prevent a sur. " My lord, I come again from my lords and masters, to whom I re- prise. They advanced three leagues a day, and no one dared to peated the words you charged me with: they say, that as they are march before the banners of the marshals, unless he had been oronly attached to the sea service they have not brought any horses dered forward as a scout. with them, and are not accustomed to march on foot; for whichirea- They passed by Montreuil, of which the lord Handebourg* was son they inform you, that if you will send them your horses, they governor, St. Omer, and afterwards Terouenne, but without attackwill come without delay to any place you shall please to appoint, and ing them. The light troops burnt all the lands of the count de St. fight with you." "My good friend," answered the constable, " we Pol, and the army advanced very near to Arras, when the two dukes will not, please God, give such advantage to our enemies as we took up their quarters in the monastery of St. Eloy, and remained should do were we to send them our horses. It would also be con- there two days. They then marched off by the walls of Arras, but sidered as an insult; and, should we think of such a thing, it would made no assault, for they knew it would be lost time. They came be right we should have good and sufficient security to answer for to Bray-sur-Somme,t where the two marshals had a sharp engageour horses." "In truth," replied the herald, "they have not charged ment before the gates; for there was a good garrison within of able me to add anything on this head; only, that if you do not accept their knights and squires of Picardy, under the command of the viscount proposition, they say you have not any cause to detain their hosta- de Meaux and sir Raoul de Rayneval. The canon de Robesart ges, and that in returning them you will act but justly." The con- struck down three with his spear before the gate, and the skirmish stable said, he was not of that opinion, was severe; but the French so well defended the gates, that they Thus did the business remain; and the herald returned to the lost nothing. The English continued their march, following the earl of Salisbury and the knights before Brest, who, when they course of the river Somme, which they thought to cross between found they could not gain anything, and that the hostages were not Ham, in Vermandois, and St. Quentin. Thus did this army advance sent back, were exceedinglyvexed; they, however, remained stead- under the command of the duke of Lancaster, according to orders ily before the place, without moving, until the appointed day was from the king his fatltr. passed, and then perceiving the constable would not advance to fight The lord de Boursiers was at this time returning from Hainault with them, they entered Brest, which they greatly reinforced and into France, and arrived so opportunely at Ham that the inhabitants revictualled. T'he constable, finding the English were not likely most earnestly entreated of him to remain there to assist them in to come to offer him battle, marched off, carrying with him the Eng- defending their town against the English. He complied with their lish hostages as prisoners, and said, the Engiish had not kept what request, staying with them two days, during the time the English they had bound themselves to perform. After the relief of Brest, passed by, following the course of the river Somme, to enter the the earl of Salisbury put to sea to guard the coasts, according to the Vermandois and to cross the river at the narrowest part. When the orders he had received. Sir Robert Knolles set out also from Brest, lord de Boursiers heard that the English had almost all passed, and and arrived at his castle of Derval. As soon as this was known, that they were advancing toward St. Quentin and Ribemont, where information of it was sent to the duke of Anjou, who was with the the lord du Chin, whose daughter he had married, possessed a large constable near Nantes. They guessed what would be the conse-. estate, and where he also had lands in right of his wife, he took leave quence of this; for sir Robert broke all the treaties which his cousin of the citizens of Ham, who thanked him much for his services, as had entered into, and sent to tell the duke of Anjou and the consta- he knew the castle of Ribemont was quite unprovided with men-atble, that he should not keep one article of them, as his people had arms. He was attended by as many companions as he could m~usnot the power to enter into any treaty without his knowledge and ter, but they were very few in number, and rode on until he came consent. The duke, on hearing this, came in person to the siege of to St. Quentin, where he did not arrive without great danger, for Derval. the whole country was overspread with English. He got into the town just in time, for the English light troops came to the gates as he entered them. The lord de Boursiers found there sir William C H A P T E R C C C X V II. des Bourdes, who was governor of it for the king: he was received THE DUKE OF LANCASTElt LANDS AT CALAIS, AND INVADES ICAEOYD. A by him joyfully, and much pressed to stay there, to help in defence FART OF HIS ARNS DEFEATED ABY THE LORD DE BOURISIERSt BOR of the town. FRIEONT. ANOTHER PAT OF HIS ARMYDFAE H ISR DEFEATED NEAR SOIS The lord de Boursiers excused himself by saying, that lie had unSON's BY AN AMBSUSCADE OF B3URGUNDIANS AND FRENCH. iONS DvY AN ADUSCADE OF BIJR UNDIANS AND FRENCH. dertaken to go to Ribemont, to defend that town and castle, which was without any garrison; and he entreated sir William so much UPWARD of three thousand men-at-arms and ten thousand English for assistance that he gave him twelve cross-bows. He had not ad. archers had landed at Calais. Three years before, this expedition vanced far before he saw a company of English; hut, as he knew had been planned and provided for: of course, it was well furnished th try well, he took more circuitous od to avoid them: the the, country well, he took a more circuitous road to avoid them: the with all things. The following knights passed over with the dukes English never quitted their line of march. He was this whole day of Lancaster and Brittany: the earls of Warwick, Stafford and Suf- in much peril on his road toward Ribemont. He met a knight from folk, Edward lord Despencer, first baron of the realm, and at that Burgundy, called sir John de Bueil, who was going to St. Quentin; time constable of the army, the lords Willoughby, de la Pole, Basset, but, after some conversation with the lord de Boursiers, he returned Roos, Latimer, lord Henry Percy, lord Lewis Clifford, lord William with him toward Ribemont. His force might now consist of about Beauchamp, the canon do Robesart, sir Walter Hewett, sir HIugh forty spears and thirty cross-bows. As they were approaching RibeCalverley, sir Stephen Cossington, sir Richoard do Pomtchardon, and mont, having sent forward one of their scouts to inform the inhabit. many other knights and squires from England; but I cannot name ants that they were coming to their aid, they perceived a body of them all. English advancing, who appeared to consist of at least fourscore The king of France, who knew well that the English would cross men on horseback. The French said, "1Here are our enemies re the sea, had reinfbrced his cities, towns, castles, and forts in Picardy, turning from pillage: let us meet them." Upon which they stuck Artois, and also in Vermandois, and had everywhere posted men-at- spurs into their horses, and galloped off as fast as they could, crying arms in sufficient numbers; such as Bretons, Burgundians, Picards, out, "Notre Dame Ribemont;" they fell upon the English, whon Normans, and many whom he had subsidized from the Empire. they defeated and slew. Happy were they who could escape. The English left Calais as soon as they had mounted and arranged When the French had thus conquered these English, they came their carriages, of which they had great numbers. They marched to Ribemont, where they found the lord du Chin, who a little before in three battalions, and in such good order as it was not easy to im- had entered the town with forty spears and twenty cross-bows prove: that of the marshals marched first, of which the earls of War- While these three noble knights were on the square of the town be. wick and Suffolk were the leaders; then the dukes of Lancaster and fore the castle, and many of their men had gone to their quarters tr * M'Rl~~~~~~~y MR1~S. hs h oiwn disarm themselves, they heard the sentinel on the castle wall cry * My MS. has the following additions: "Tie herald, on receiving his last message, returned to his lords before Brest, who out, "ere are men-at-ams advancing to the town." On whicl held a council on it. they went nearer the castle, and asked how many he thought there Shortly after this, the constable, the duke of Bourbon, the count d'Aleneon, the lords might be: he answered " About fourscore." Upon wichh, the lord deClisson andl de Laval, with the other barons and knights, amounting to fourthousand do Boursiers said, "It behoves us to go and fight with them, for lances and twenty thousand other men, marched to within one day's journey of Brest, otherwise we shall have much blame in having suffered them thu where, having strongly encamped themselves, they sent to let the English know they were now on the spot where the treaty had been concluded, and if they would march thither to come up to our very walls unnoticed." The lord du Chin replied, they would be combated; otherwise they would lose their hostages. Tire earl offalisbury, " Fair son, you say well: order out our horses, and display my ban on learning this, found tlie French were trickish and had not any real intention of fight- nor." Sir John do Bricil rejoined, "Gentlemen, you shall not go ing, so that he returned fbr answer by his own herald, who accompanied the French without my comarry: hut I would advise you to act more dehibe. herald, that if the constable would advance two-thirds of the way, they would perform the other third; or, if the French wouldi not do this, the English would advance half of rately in this business; for peradventure they may be men-at-arms the way oun ftot, if tire French worrld there meet them on foot: or, if the French would lightly mounted, whom the marshals or constable may have sent not accept either of these propositions, they were tiound in justice to return the hostages, hither to draw us out of our fortress, and our sally may turn out to for the English had cireerfully and honorabrly performed their engagement." our loss." B Denys Sauvage calls him the lord de Soubise, but gives no reason for it. M ry oMSS." have Boursiern. * "Handebourg." Q Rihormnt ii a town in Picardy, four leagues from St. Quentin. t "Bray-sur-Somme"-a village of icardy, eiect otheonne. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &e. 219 The lord de Boursiers said: "If you will adopt my plan, we will thor befel the duke of Lancaster and his army that is worth mengo and fight them, and that as speedily as may be; for whatever tioning. They marched through various narrow passes and defiles, may happen, I am determined to do so." On saying this, he fixed but kept in close and good order. The council of the king of on his helmet and tightened his armor, and then sallied forth with France therefore said to him: "Let them go; by their smoke alone about one hundred and twenty combatants. The English were about they cannot deprive you of your kingdom: they will be fired soon, rourscore, part of the troop of sir Hugh Calverley, though sir Hugh and their force will dissolve away, for as storms and tempests appear himnself had remained with the duke of Lancaster: there were as sometimes in tremendous forms over a whole country, yet they dissi. many as six knights and other squires, who had advanced to revenge pate of themselves, and no essential harm happens: thus it will befal the deaths of their companions. On the French coming out at the these English. gate, they met the English, who, lowering their spears, vigorously attacked them: they opened their ranks, when the English galloped quite through: this caused so great a dust that they could scarcely CHAPTER CCCXVIII. distinguish each other. The French soon formed again, and shouted their cry of" Notre Dame Ribemont!'" Manyamanwasunhorsed TtE HOSTAGES SENT FROM DERVAL ARE BEHEADED. SIt ROBERT on both sides. The lord du Chin fought with a leaden mace, with ENOLLES RETALIATES ON THOSE PRISONERS WHOM RE HAD TAKEN. which he smashed every helmet that came within reach of it; for he THE DUKE OF LANCASTER FINISHES HIS EXPEDITION. was a strong and lusty knight, well made in all his limbs: but he SIR ROUERT KNOLLES, as I have before related, was returned to his himself received such a blow on his casque that he reeled, and would castle of Derval, which hle considered as his own inheritance, and have fallen to the ground had he not been supported by his squire. had determined to break the treaty which had been entered into by He suffered friom this blow as long as he lived, his cousin and the duki.f Anjou; on which account, the duke himSeveral knights and squires of the English were greatly surprised self was come to the saege of Derval, attended by numbers from that the arms on the lord du Chin's banners were perfectly the same Brittany, Poitou, and the lower countries. The king of France was as those of the lord de Coucy, and said, "How is this? has the lord desirous that his constable, who was there, and the lord de Clisson, de Coucy sent any of his men hither? he ought to be one of our with several more, should return to France, to assist his brother the friends." The battle was very mortal; for in the end almost all the duke of Burgundy in the pursuit of the English. He frequently reEn-glish were killed or made prisoners, few escaping. The lord de newed these orders to the different lords, who were anxious to obey Boursiers took two brothers of the name of Pembroke: one a knight, them, and also to gain possession of this castle of Derval. the other a squire. Sir John de Bueil took two others, with whom When the day was passed on which the castle was to have been they retreated into Ribemont. The English army marched' by, but surrendered, the besiegers wondered what the garrison were thinking made no assault.; for they thought it would be losing time. Orders on: they imagined that sir Robert Knolles had thrown himself into were given to do no damage, by burning or otherwise, to the lands it with reinforcements. The duke and constable sent to sir Robert, of the lord de Coucy, who was at that time in Lombardy, and inter- and to sir Hugh Brock who had made the treaty. The herald, on arfered not with the wars in France. riving in the square of the castle, said to the gentlemen present: The English fixed their quarters in the valleys below Laon and " My lords send me here to inquire from you the reasons, which they lower down than Bruyeres* and Crecy,t whence they did much mis- would willingly learn, why you do not ransom your hostages by surchief tu the Laonnois. But before this, the king of France had or- rendering the castle according to the terms of the treaty to which dered everything valuable to be carried into the towns and strong you, sir Hugh, have sworn." Sir Robert Knolles then addressed places, which were so well garrisoned that the English could not the herald, saying, "Herald, you will tell your masters, that my gain anything by attacking them, nor indeed had they any thoughts cousin had no authority to enter into any capitulation or treaty with. of so doing, hut were only anxious that the French would meet them out my consent first had; and you will now return with this answer in battle in the plain. The king, however, had forbidden this very from me." strictly in his daily orders. He had them followed by the rest of his The herald went back to his lords, and related to them the mescavalry so close on their lear, as to intimidate them from quitting the sage sir Robert Knolles had charged him with: they sent him main armly. The Frenlch took up their quarters every evening in again to tell the garrison, that firom the tenor of the treaty, they ought fortified towns, and in the day time pursued the English, who kept not to have received any one into the fort, and that they had received themselves in a compact body. sir Robert Knolles, which they should not have done; and likewise 5: happened that one morning a party of English, to the number to inform them for a truth, that if the castle was not surrendered, the ot six score lances, who were overrunning the country beyond Sois- hostages would be beheaded. Sir Robert replied, "By God, herald, sons, fell into an ambuscade of Burgundians and French. It was I will not lose my castle for fear of the menaces of your lords; and commanded by sir John de Vienne, sir John de Buell, sir William if it should happen that the duke of Anjou, through arrogance, puts des Bourdes, sir Hugh de Porcien, sir John de Coucy, the viscount my friends to death, I will retaliate; for I have here in prison sevede Meaux, the lords de Rayneval and de la Boue, with several more ral knights and squires of France, and if I were offered one hundred Knights and squires, amouriting in the whole to full three hundred thousand francs I would not show mercy to any one of them." When.ances. They had followed the English, and this night they had the herald had delivered his answer, the duke of Anjou sent for the encamped in the fields of the Soissonnois, where they had placed an headsman, and ordered the hostages, who were two knights and a ambuscade in a small coppice. The English came in the morning squire, to be brought forth, and had them beheaded before the castle, to plunder a village behind which their army was quartered. When so that those within might see and know them. they had passed the ambush, the French sallied forth with banners Sir Robert Knolles instantly ordered a table to be fixed without. and pennons displayed. The English, seeing such a large body so side of the windows of the castle, and had led there four of his prisnear them, halted, and would have sent to their army, which was a oners, three knights and a squire, for whom he might have had a good league off; but sir Walter Huet, a great English captain, and great ransom, but he had them beheaded and flung down into the near the spot where this surprise happened, mounting his horse in ditch, the heads on one side and the bodies on the other. The siege great haste, his lance in its rest, but without helmet or vizor, and was raised after thlis, and all the men-at-arms returned to France; anly his coat of mail on, galloped forward without further thought or even the duke of Anjou went to Paris to visit the king his brother: consideration: his men followed him as well as they could. In the the constable, with the lord de Clisson and others, marched to the confusion, he had his neck quite pierced through with a spear, and city of Troyes, for the English were already in that part of the counfell dead on the field. try: they had crossed the river Marne, and were taking the road The English fosught very valiantly, but at last were almost all ta- toward Auxerre. ken or slain. The French made prisoners of the following knights: At this time, pope Gregory XI. had sent the archbishop of Rouen sir Matthew Redmayne, sir Thomas Fowkes, sir Hugh Brudenel, sir and the bishop of Carpentras in legation to France, to endeavor, if Thomas Spencer, sir Thomas Emerton, sir Nicholas Gascoign, sir possible, to make peace between the kings of France and England: John Chandler, sir Philip Cambray, sir John Harpedon, sir Matthew these two prelates had many difficulties in travelling toward the king Gournay, sir Robert Twyford, sir Geoffry Say, sir John Bourchier, of France and his brothers, and afterwards to the duke of Lanceas. sir Geoffry Worsley, sir Lionel Daultry; and, of esquires, William ter: the English, however, kept advancing through the country of Dauttry, John Gaillard, Thomas Bradley, Henry Montford, Guy FOrets, having passed Auvergne, Limousin, and the rivers Loire, Hewett, John Meynil, William Gostwick, John Flamstead, Thomas Allier, Dordonne, and Lot. Neither the English nor French were Sollerant, William Quentin, Robert Boteler, Robert Audley, Ralph much at their ease in this expedition: three knights of Hainault, sir Stanley, and Thomas Archer.t Fateres de Barlammont, sir Bridol de Montagin, and le bigue de War. News was carried to the main body that their men were engaged: lan, as well as some on the side of the English, died on their marchi. enon which, the marshals, with the whole army, hastened thither: The dukes of Lancaster and Brittany continued their route with the though they could not make such speed, but that the business was army until they were arrived at Bergerac, four leagues from Borinished, and the Burgundians and French had left the field. The deaux, continually pursued by the French. The duke of Anjou and English knew not where to seek the French. Thus passed this ac- the constable of France were in the upper countries near Rouergue, tion, according to the information I have received, near to Soucy in Rodais, and Toulouse, and had advanced as far as Perigueux, where the Soissonnois, the 20th September, 1363. they had fixed their quarters. After these two encounters at Ribemont and Soucy, nothing fur- The two before-nmentioned prelates journeyed from each party, * "Grayetes -a town in Picardy, preaching to them several reasons why they should come to an agree. * "llUruyeres. — a town In Picardy; diocese of Laon. t " C!r'wcy-our-Serre"-a Iowa an Picardmo ~ee Isfn.u from Lamis. ment. But each held so obstinately to his own opinion that they i nave copied these names from Barese. wou~] not make any concessions, without having considerable ad. !40 CHRONICLES OF ENGI ND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. vantages given them. The duke of Lancaster came to Bordeaux about Christmas; and the two dukes remained there the whole winter C H A P T E R C C C X X. and the following Lent. Several knights went away, on the expe- THE CARL OF PEMr.OIKE AND HIS COMPANIONS ARE RANSOMED. A SHOZ7 dition being finished: the lord Basset and his company returned to TRUCE BETWEEN THE FRENCH AND ENGLISH. BECHEREL SURRENDERS England, for which king Edward reprimanded him. ON TERMS. THE DEATH OF TILE EARL OF PEMIBROEIE. ABOUT this time there was an exchange made of the lands of the constable of France and sir Ol-iver de Mauny, which the king o0 Spain had given to them for their gallant services. The constable C HAP T E R C C C X IX. exchanged his estate of Soria in Castille for the earl of Pembroke, who had been made prisoner off La Rochelle. Sir Oliver de Mauny THE DOUKE OF ANJOU'S CAFMPbAIGN INTO UPPER GASCONY.* gave up his estate of Grette for sir Guiscard d'Angle and his nephew SOON after Easter, in the year 1374, the duke of Anjou, who re- William, Otho de Grantson, John de Grinieres, and the lord de Tan. sided at Perigord, made a great muster of his forces; at which the naybouton. constable of France and the greater part of the barons and knights While this treaty was going forward, another was opened between of Brittany, Poitou, Anjou, and Touraine, were present. There were the dukes of Anjou and of Lancaster, through the means of the two also, from Gascony, sir John d'Armagnac, the lords d'Albret and de before-mentioned prelates. The duke of Lancaster sent, under passPerigord, the counts de Comminges and de Narbonne, the viscounts ports, to the duke of Anjou at Perigord, (where he resided and govde Caraman, de Villemure, and de Thalar, the count dauphin d'Au- erned as king or regent the lordships of England and France,) the vergne: most of the lords of Auvergne and of Limousin: the vis- canon de Robesart, and the lords William Hellunay and Thomas count de Minedon, the lords de la Barde and de Pincornet, and sir Douville. A truce was agreed on, between these dukes and their Bertrand de Charde. They amounted to fifteen thousand men on allies, until the last day of August: and they engaged themselves to foot, and a large body of Genoese and cross-bows. They began be, in the month of September, in the country of Picardy-the duke their march toward upper Gascony, and came before St. Silvier,t of of Anjou at St. Omer, and the duke of Lancaster at Calais. After which an abbot was lord. Notwithstanding it was talked of as a this truce, the dukes of Lancaster and of Brittany, the earls of Warstrong town, the abbot was afraid of losing it by force; so that he wick, Suffolk, and Stafford, the lords de Spencer and Willoughby, began to treat with the duke of Anjou, telling him that neither him- the canon de Robesart, lord Henry Percy, the lord Manne,* with self nor his territories wished to wage war against him, or in any the other lords and knights, set out from Bordeaux the eighth day of way incur his indignation, and that the strength of his town and all July, and returned to England. he could bring to defend it, were as nothing in comparison with the Sir John Appleyard and sir John Cornwall held their castle of castles of upper Gascony, whither, it was supposed, he intended to Becherel for nearly a year against the French, who were closely bemarch. He therefore entreated that he might remain in peace, upon sieging it, and had much constrained them; but not receiving any the terms that he should observe an exact neutrality; and that, what- intelligence of succors coming to their assistance, and their provisever those lords of Gascony who possessed mesne fiefs should do, ions beginning to fail, they held a council whether it would not be he would do the same. His request was granted, on his giving hos- advisable to offer terms for its surrender. They entered, therefore, tages, who were sent to prison in Perigueux. into a treaty with the lords d'Hambuye, d'Estonville, de Blainville, The whole army, of which the duke of Anjou was commander, de Frainville, and the barons of Normandy, who were quite tirea marched away toward Montmarsen, and the town of Lourdes in with the siege having continued so long. But they would not conUpper Gascony, of which sir Arnold de Vire was governor. The elude anything without the knowledge of the king of France. He French besieged and surrounded it on all sides, having demanded if consented, that if the duke of Brittany in person did not come in they were willing to surrender themselves to the duke of Anjou. sufficient force before Becherel, by All-Saints day next approaching, The inhabitants of Lourde soon agreed to it; but the knight said, to raise the siege, the garrison should surrender on capitulation. that the count de Foix had appointed himr to that post, and he would Hostages were given to observe these terms. not surrender to any man except to him. The earl of Pembroke was ransomed for 120,000 francs, which When the constable of France heard this, he ordered the army to the Lombards of Bruges agreed to pay when he should be arrived in advance and briskly assault it, which they did with so much vigor good health at Bruges. The earl journeyed, under the passport of that the town was taken and the governor slain, as well as several the constable, through the kingdom of France: but a fever, or some men and women: the town was pillaged and ruined, and left in that other sickness, overtook him on the road, so that he was obliged to state; however, on their departure they placed therein some of their travel in a litter unto the city of Arras, where his disorder increased men. The French entered the landsli of Chatel-bon, which they de- so much as to occasion his death. The constable, by this event, spoiled; they then passed through the territories of Chatel-neuf, which lost his ransom.t The earl of Pembroke left by his second wife, they attacked, and continued their march upward toward Bierne, and the lady Anne, daughter of sir Walter Manny, a fair son who at that came to the entrance of the lands of the lord de l'Escut: they ad- time was two years old. vanced until they came to a good town and strong castle, called Sir Guiscard d'Angle obtained his ransom, as you shall hear. You Sault, f which was dependent on the county of Foix. remember that the lord de Roye entered into an agreement with sir The prince of' Wales had frequently intended, before his expedi- Oliver de Mauny, a Breton knight, and nephew to sir Bertrand du tion to Spain, to make war on the count de Foix for all these mesne Guesclin, that if he could deliver the lord de Roye from his prison fiefs, which he had in Gascony, because the count would not acknow. by means of an exchange, he should have the daughter of the ledge that he held them from him: the affair had remained in this baron de Roye for his wife, who was of very high birth. Upon this, situation in consequence of the Spanish expedition. Now, however, sir Oliver de Mauny sent to the king of England, to know which the duke of Anjou, who was conquering all Aquitaine, seemed wil. of the knights he would wish to have set at liberty for the lord de ling to take possession of it, and had thus besieged Sault in Gascony, Roye. The king was most inclined for sir Guiscard d'Angle. The which was not a trifle nor easy to gain: the governor of it was sir Wil- lord de Roye was therefore sent home free, and the lord de Mauny liam de Pan.'When the count heard they were conquering his lands espoused his daughter. Shortly afterwards, the lord de Roye himand the mesne fiefs, for which it was just he should pay homage self married the daughter of the lord de Ville and de Floron in Hai. either to the kings of France or England, he sent for the viscount de nault. The other knights, that is to say, the lord de Tannaybouton, Chatel-bon, the lords de Marsen and de l'Escut, and the abbot de sir Otho de Grantson, and sir John de Grinieres, obtained their libSt. Silvier. He then demanded a passport from the duke of Anjou, erties, and compounded in a handsome manner for their ransom who was occupied with the siege of Sault, that they mifht wait upon with sir Oliver de Mauny. him in safety: the duke granted it. They therefore went and held a conference with hint and his council, when it was agreed that the aforesaid lords and their territories should remain in peace until the C H A P T E R C C C X X I. middle of August, on condition that those who should then be the SEVERAL TOWNS IN GASCONY SURRENDER TO THE ICING OF FRANCE. SIE strongest before the town of Monsac,**,on the part of the kings of HUGH DE CHASTILLON RETURNS FROM PRISON. THE CASTLE OF BECI. France or of England, and there keep the field, should have the en. REL SURRENDERS TO THE FRENCH. joyment of these rights, and to that party these lords of mesne fiefs WHEN the middle of August approached, which was the appointed should ever after belong. The count de Foix and the other lords time for the meeting before Monsac, the duke of Anjou arrived with gave hostages for this agreement. The duke of Anjou returned to a grand array of men-atarms. He fixed his quarters in the plain Perigueux with his army, but did not dismiss any one. before Monsac, where he was lodged for six days without any one coming to meet him. The English thought that the truce which' For a more chronological account of this campaign, see hist. de Languedoc, vol. had been entered into would have annulled this agreement. But. P.580. the duke of Anjou and his council did not consider it in this light. t "St. Silvier." Probanby Sr. Silvier de Rustan. in Bigorre. Sir Thomas Felton, sdneschal of Bordeaux, argued the matter for a: "Montmarsen" —a town in Gascony. ~ "Lourda" —a town in G-ascony-the capital of the valley of Lavedan, diocese of long time; but he could not gain anything. The duke, therefore, Tarhes. sent to the count de Foix, the viscount de Chatel.Bon, to the lords II These lands are beyond the Pyrenees; therefore, it mare protlably alludes to the towns of IMauvoisin, and the other lands the viscount held under the king of England.- * Q.. Maine. B'ee Hisut. dle LNaisglsed', vol. iv. ip. ItS n er }.e t The constable carried on, for three years, a fruitless lawsuit with the Flemish me ~ "Sault de Navaille —a small town in Gascony, near Orthez. chants for this ransom, which they refused to pay. He at length gave up his claim t1'~ A town in Perigord, near Bergerac. the kiAg of France for 50,000 francs. —Hiist de Br-tagne. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 221 de Marsen, do Chateauneuf, de l'Escut, and to the abbot de St Sil- he would allow himself to be pursued to the place where they were: vier, to summon them to keep their agreements, or he would put to he therefore entered the plain. The young count de St. Pol, who death their hostages, and enter their lands in such a manner as was arrived thither with a hundred lances, spying sir John Harle. would oblige them to throw themselves on his mercy. These lords, stone's troop, called out to his companions, "Forward, forward! therefore, placed themselves and their lands under the obedience of here are our enemies." Upon which they stuck spurs into their the king of France. The inhabitants of Monsac opened their gates, horses, and hastened as fast as they could to come up with the Engdnd presented the keys to the duke of Anjou doing to him fealty lish. But sir John Harlestone began his retreat, allowing them to and homage. The lords who attended the duke entered the town pursue him until he came to the hedge where the English were with him, where they remained for eighteen days; during which drawn up, with their archers in front. On the arrival of the French, time they held councils as to what part they should next march. the English received them with battle-axes, swords, and spears: the Shortly after the middle of August, when the truces which had archers began so brisk an attack that men and horses were over. neen entered into between the English and French in Gasconywere thrown. Many gallant deeds were done; but in the end the French expired, these lords recommenced the war. The duke of Anjou were surrounded, and the greater part slain. The young count de came before la R6ole;* and, after three days' siege, the inhabitants St. Pol was made prisoner by a squire of Gueldres: the lords de submitted to the king of France. From thence he marched to Lan- Pens and de Clary, sir William de Nielle, sir Charles de Ch'tillon, gon,f which also surrendered; as did St. Macair,t Condom,~ Ba- Leonnet d'Araines, Guy de Vaisnel, Henry des Isles and John his sille,l[ la Tour de Prudence, Mauleon,'~ and la Tour de Drou. Full brother, the chatelain de Beauvais, and several other knights and'orty towns and castles turned to the French in this expedition: the squires, were also captured. last was Auberoche.** The duke of Anjou placed in all of them Shortly after this defeat, the lord de Chatillon came, with his ban. men-at-arms and garrisons: and, when he had arranged everything ner and three hundred lances, to the path of the hedge; but, when according to his pleasure, he and the constable returned to Paris, for he saw that his men were defeated, he wheeled about with his troops, the king had sent for them. He dismissed, therefore, the greater and returned without striking a blow; upon this, the English and part of his army: and the lords de Clisson, de Beaumanoir, d'Avau- Hainaulters led their prisoners to the town of Ardres. The lord de gour, de Ray, de Riom, the viscounts de la Val, de Rohan, and the Gommegines, that evening, bought the count de St. Pol from the other barons, returned to the siege of Becherel, to be ready at the time squire who had taken him: he soon after carried him to England, appointed: for it was reported that the duke of Brittany, sir Robert and presented him to the king, who thanked him kindly for so doing, Knolles, and the lord de Spencer would attempt to raise the siege. and made him great presents. You have before heard how sir Hugh de Chatillon, master of the When the duke of Anjou and the constable were returned to Paris cross-bows, had been made prisoner near Abbeville, by sir Nicholas from Gascony, they found the archbishop of Rouen and the bishop Louvain, and carried into England: he was unable to obtain his of Carpentras had been some time with the king. These prelates liberty on account of the large sum asked for his ransom: however, continued their journey, and arrived at St. Omer. The duke of a Flemish merchant stepped forward, and exerted himself so effect- Lancaster and the lord Bacinier had crossed the sea to Calais, and nally that he cunningly got him out of England. It would take too from thence went to Bruges. The duke of Anjou soon after came much time to enter into the whole detail of this business; therefore, to St. Omer in grand array, and sent for his cousin sir Guy de BlQis I shall pass it over. When he was returned to France, the king to meet him, who left Hainault handsomely equipped to wait on the gave him back his office of master of the cross-bows, and sent him duke. The constable of France, the lords de Clisson, de la Val, and to Abbevile, as he had before done, to guard that frontier, with two sir Oliver de Mauny, with upward of six hundred lances, had posted hundred lances under his command. All the captains of castles and themselves on the firontiers between France and Flanders, near to towns were ordered to obey him; such as sir John de Bethouilliers Aire, La Croix, Bailleul, Cassel, and in that neighborhood, to guard governor of Boulogne, sir Henry des Isles governor of Dieppe, and the country, and to prevent any injury being offered to the count of tfiose who commanded iu the firontier towns of Terouenne, St. Omer, Flanders; for he had not any great confidence in the negotiators, nor iLiques, Fiennes, and Montroye. would he go to Bruges notwithstanding their earnest solicitations. It happened that the lord de Gommegines, governor of Ardres, You have before heard how the garrison of Becherel had held on and sir John d'Ubrues. collected their forces in Ardres, to the for upward of a year, and had entered into a capitulation to surren amount of about eight hundred lances. They marched, one morn- der, if they were not relieved before All-saints-day. When the day ing early, well mounted, toward Boulogne, to see if they should meet was near approaching, the king of France ordered thither many men. with any adventures. That same morning, sir John de Berthouil- at-arms: and all the knights of Brittany and Normandy were entreated liers, governor of Boulogne, had also made an excursion, with about to be there, except such as were with the constable. The two mar sixty lances, toward Calais, and with the same intent. On his return, shals of France, the lord Louis de Sancerre and lord Mouton de he was met by the lord de Gommegines and his party, who imme- Blainville, the earl of Harcourt, sir James de Vienne admiral of diately charged the French, and overthrew them, so that their captain France, the dauphin of Auvergne, sir John de Bueil and several saved himself with great difficulty, but lost fourteen of his lancemen. more, arrived before Becherel. These lords kept the day with great The lord de Gommegines, after the pursuit, returned to Ardres. solemnity; but as none appeared to relieve the castle, it was surrenThe master of the cross-bows this day made a muster of his forces: dered, and those who were so inclined left it. Sir John Appleyard he had with him a great number of men-at-arms from Artois, Ver- and sir John Cornwall marched out with their men, embarked and mandois, and from that neighborhood: in all, upward of three hun- crossed over to England. The barons of France took possession of dred lances. The count de St. Pol, who had lately come to Picardy the place, which they repaired, revictualled and reinforced with men, from his estates in Lorraine, was on his road to fulfil a pilgrimage to provision and artillery. our Lady of Boulogne: he was informed on his way, that the mas- By orders from the king of France, these men-at-arms shortly after ter of the cross-bows was about to undertake an excursion which laid siege to St. Sauveur le Vicomte in Coutantin, which had bemade him wish to be of the party: they therefore rode together and longed to sir John Chandos; and after his death the king of England advanced before Ardres, where they remained drawn up for some had given it to sir Aleyne Boxhull, who at that time was in England: time; but they knew nothing of the English being abroad, nor the he had left there as governor a squire called Carenton,* with sir English of them. Thomas Cornet, John de Burgh, and the three brothers Maulevriers After the French had continued some time before Ardres, and saw there might be with them about six score companions, all armed and that none attempted to sally from the town, they began their retreat ready for defence. St. Sauveur was first besieged on the side next toward the abbey of Liques. No sooner had they marched away the sea by sir John de Vienne admiral of France, with all the barons than an Englishman privately left the place, and rode through lanes and knights of Brittany and Normandy. There was also a large and cross-roads (for he knew the country well) until he met the lord army before it, with plenty of everything. The lords of France had de Gomomegines and his party returning to Ardres, who, when he pointed large engines against it, which much harassed the garrison. learnt the expedition of the French, slowly advanced with his men in a compact body. When time French had passed Tournehem, kaving also had intelligence of the English being abroad under the CHAPTER CCCXXII. command of the governor of Ardres, they immediately marched toward them, and placed an ambuscade in a coppice, above Liques, A TRUCE AGREED ON AT BRUGES BETWEEN THE RINGS OF FRANCE AND of three hundred lances, of which sir Hugh de Chttillon was the ENGLAND. THE DUIKE OF BRITTANY RETIRES TO HIS OWN COUNTRY, captain. The young count de St. Pol was ordered forward on the AND REGAINS SOME OF HIms TOWNS AND CASTLES. look-out, and with him went many knights and squires. Not far WE will now return to the noble negotiators at Bruges, that is t3 distant, by the side of a large hedge, the lord de Gommegines and say, the dukes of Anjout and Burgundy, the count de Saltzbourg, sir Walter Ukeuesit had halted, and drawn up their force on foot in the bishop of Amiens, the elected bishop of Bayeux; the duke of a very handsome manner. Sir John Harlestone set off on a gallop, Lancaster, the earl of Salisbury and the bishop of London.t In with twenty lances, to entice the French into this ambuscade, saying ": Pro bably Carnington. * "La Role" —a towni in Bazadois, eighteen le gunes and a half from Bordeaux, t The historian of Langmedoc says the dluke of Anios was not present at this meel n" Langoa" —a town in Bazadois, six leagues fromm Bordeaux. ing, hotm i Aevigmmomm snd that, wmhen the treaty was concluded, the dmke of Imurgunmmdl I" St. MIlacaire" —nine legmgues from Bordeaux. semmt fioem lrumges orders for the sdmeschmml of Beanmeire to publish it. Vol, iv. p. 367 ~ Condom," a city oftGascony, four leagues firom the Garoni. 0assports were, homwever, granted to the duole of Anjou, by Edward, to come to Brmmges II " Bmn~ille."' Net in Gazenteer. amid are to be fmmnd in Rymer. ~ " Maulon" —a town in Armagnac, diocese of Aire. $ In addilton, tiere were smr John Cobimam, sir Framnk van Hall, sir Arnold Savage ** "Auberoche" —-mt town in Perigmrml, near Perigueux. nemd mraste' lIlha Shpeye and master Simoom Multon doctor oflaw. —See their warrant ~* He u before called oir John d'Ubr Res. in it,~mr. U622 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. order that no harm might happen to these lords, nor to their people, Devereux, and if we shall e able to fall in with those who are be. Devereux, adi we shall be able to fall in with those who are be. who were going from one to the other, it was agreed there should sieging him in the open field, we shall perform a good exploit. Upor be a truce, to last to the first of May, 1375, in all the country between this, they held a council, and marched off, talking the road for the Calais and the river Somme; but that it should not interfere with new fort, which the lords of Brittany were then assaulting. They had the other parts of the country now at war. Upon this being done, done so much that they were already at the foot of the walls, and the lords de Clisson and de la Val were sent back to Brittany with dreaded not what might be thrown down upon them; for they were their forces, to assist in guarding that country and the neighboring well shielded, but those within the fort had not wherewithal to annoy firontiers them in that manner. During the time these negotiations were going forward at Bruges, Just at this instant a scout came with speed to the lords of Brit. the duke of Brittany, as has before been said, iemained in England, tany who were busy at the assault, saying, " My lords, make off in where he felt much for the distress of his country, the greater part haste from hence; for the English are coming with the duke of of which had turned against him: his duchess also was besieged and Brittany, and they are not more than two leagues off." The trumshut up in the castle of Auray. The duke, while he resided with pet sounded a retreat: they collected themselves together, called for the king of England, was very melancholy: upon which the king, their horses, set off, and entered Quimperl6, which was hard by who much loved him, said: "Fair son, I well know that through They closed the gates; but scarcely had they raised the draw-bridges. your affection to me, you have put into the balance, and risked, a and strengthened the barriers, when the duke of Brittany with the handsome and noble inheritance: but be assured that I will recover barons of England were before it. They had passed by the new it for you again, for I will never make peace with the French with- fbrt, and spoken with sir John Devereux, who thanked them exceed. out your being reinstated." On hearing these fine promises, the ingly for coming, otherwise he must have been very shortly made duke bowed respectfully to the king, and humbly thanked him. prisoner. The duke and the English formed the siege of Quimperi6, Soon after this conversation, the duke of Brittany assembled at and ordered their archers and foot soldiers, well shielded, to advance, Southampton two thousand men-at-arms and three thousand archers, when a sharp attack commenced; for the English, as well as those who all received their pay for half a year in advance, by orders from in the town, were very determined: so that there were many the king of England.* Among the commanders were the earls of wounded on both sides. Every day there were such skirmishes and Cambridge and March, the lord de Spencer, sir Thomas Holland, sir assaults that those in the town saw they should not be able to hold Nicholas Camoire, sir Edward Twyford, sir Richard de Pontchar- out much longer, and there did not seem any likelihood of their don, sir John Lesley, sir Thomas Grantson, sir Hugh Hastings, the receiving assistance. They could not escape any way without being lords de Mannet and de la Pole, with many other knights and seen, so well was the town surrounded: and if they should be taken squires. by storm, they doubted if they should receive any quarter, more The duke and all his men-at-arms arrived at St. Mathieu de Fine especially the lord de Clisson, for he was much hated by thile Eng. Poterne in Brittany, where, after they had disembarked, they att'acked lish. the castle very sharply. This castle was out of the town, anid ill These lords of Brittany opened a treaty with the duke to surrenderl supplied with men and artillery, so that the English took it by storm, but they wanted to depart on a moderate ransom, and the duke and slew all who were in it. When the inhabitants of the town were would have them surrender unronditionally: they could only obtain informed of this, they opened their gates, and received the duke as a respite for eight days, and that with very great difficulty. This their lord. The English next advanced to the town of St. Pol de respite, however, turned out very fortunate to them; for curing that L6on, which was strong and well inclosed. The duke took his ste. time two Englishl knights, sir Nicholas Carswell and Air Walter tion; and, during a marvellously well-conducted attack, the archers, Ourswick,? sent by the duke of Lancaster firomm Bruges, where he who were posted on the banks of the ditches, shot so excellently, had remained the whole winter, arrived at the army of the duke of and so much together, that scarcely any dared appear to defend Brittany. They brought with them deeds engrossed and sealed of them: the town was therefore taken and pillaged. After this, they the truces, entered into between the kings of France and England came before St Brieu, which at that time was well provided with The duke of Lancaster sent orders, that in consequence of tIhe men-at-arms and all other provisions and stores: for the lords de treaty of Bruges, the army should be disbanded without delay. The Clisson, de Beaumanoir, the viscount de Rohan, and many other truce was immediately read and proclaimed through the army, and barons of Brittany, whose quarters were at Lamballe, had lately been signified also to those who were within Quimrperle6. The lords de there and had reinforced it with everything necessary. The duke Clisson, de Rohan, and de Beaumanoir, and the others, were much and the English besieged this town. rejoiced thereat, for it came very opportunely. When the garrison of St. Sauveur le Vicomte heard that the duke The siege of Quimperld being raised, the duke of Brittany dis. of Brittany and the English lords were arrived in Brittany, they ex- banded all his troops, except these of his household, amnd went to pected them to come and raise their siege; which they much Auray, where his duchess was. The earls of Cambridge and of desired, for they were greatly straitened by the engines, which day March, sir Thomas Holland earl of Kent, the lord de Spencer, and and night cast stones into the castle, so that they knew not where the other English, returned home. When the duke of Brittany had to retire to avoid them. Having called a council, they resolved to settled his affairs at his leisure, and had reinforced the towns and make overtures to the French lords, to obtain a truce for six weeks, castles of Brest and Auray with artillery and provisions, he set out until Easter 1375; and proposed, that if within that time there from Brittany with his duchess, and went for England. should not come any relief, which might be sufficient to offer battle and raise the siege, they would surrender themselves, their lives and fortunes being spared, and the fortress should be given up to the king of France. This treaty went off, and the siege continued; but no C HAP T ER C C X X I V. harm was further done to those of St. Sauveur, for the besiegers and ~ garrison were both inactive. ST. SAUVEUR LE VICOMTE SURRENDERS TO THE FRENCH. THE 1,01E DR garrison were both inactive. COUCY LEADS A LARGE ARMY INTO AUSTRIA, wIIICH HE CLAIMS AS HIIS INHERITANCE. C H A P T E R C C C X X I I I. ON the day in which the truces were concluded at Bruges between SOME BRETON LORDS OF THIE FRENCH rARTY ARE NEAR BEING TAKEN the kings of France and of England, to last for one whole year, inBY THE DUKE OF BRITTANY, BUT ARE DELIVERED BY THE TRUCES eluding their allies, the dukes of Lancaster and Burgundy again swore AT BRUGES. they would return thither on Al-saints-day. Each party was to keep, THE viscount de Rohan, the lords do Clisson and do Beaumanoir, during this truce, whatever he was then in possession of. The Eng. were guarding the frontiers against the duke of Brittany and the hish thought that the capitulation respecting St. Sauveur le Vicomte English, at that tine before St. Brieu. Sir John Devereux was then would be voided by this treaty; but the French would not allow of quartered near to Quimperl6, and was destroying that part of the this, and said the treaty did not affect the prior engagement con. country: he had caused to be repaired and fortified by the peasants cerning it: so that, when the day arrived for its surrender, the king a small fort which he had made his garrison, and called it the New of France sent troops thither from all quarters. There were assembled Fort, in which he resided, so that none could venture out of the town before it upward of six thousand knights and squires, without count without riskl of being taken. This information the townsmen of ing the others; but no succor came to its relief, and when the day Quimperl6 sent to the lord do Clisson and the other lords at Lam- was expired, St. Sauveur was given up to the French, but most un. blle. They marched immediately thither, leaving a suffciency of willingly, for the fortress was very convenient for the English. The halle. They marched immediately thither, leaving a sufficiencyo men to guard that town, and rode on until they came before this governor sir Thomas Cornet, John de Burgh, the three brothers Maulevriers, and the English, went to Carentan, where having em-n new fort, which they surrounded. News of this was carried to the Mauleviers, and te English, went to Carentan, where having em British army before St. Brieu. The duke had ordered a mine to be barked all which belonged to them, they sailed for Englalm.t Time constable of France reinforced the town and castle of St. Sanvent l~e sprung, which they had worked at for fifteen days; but at that moment the miners had lost their point, so that it was necessary for Vicomte with a new garrison, and appointed a Breton knight as gsv. them to begin another: which when the duke and the lords of the * Sir Nicholas Charnels —sir Walter Urswick. —BAgSEs. army heard, they said among themselves; "Everything considered, t Froissant luau forgotten to add sir Thomas Carington among the governors of St. we are but losing time ~mere: let us go to the assistance of sir John Sauveur le Vicomte. Nothing was said against him until the reign of Ricnard II. when ___________________________________________________ - he was accused of having treacherously given up this place by sir John Anneslsy, who' Edward nominated the earl of Cambridge conjointly with ths duke of Brittany, his had married sir John Chandos's niece: he challenged him to single combat, fought ard lieutenants in France, with full powers to act as they pleased, without prejudice to the vanqished him in the lists, formed in Palace-yard in the presencs of the king. He was rights of the duke or to the patrimony of the church, dated 24th November. 1374.-See afterwards drawn to Tyburn, and there hanged for his treason.-DeenAhr,E, FABir,, Br.~:If Q..Maine. kc. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. X!3 ernor. I heard at the time, that the king of France gave him the lord., more especially by that of the duke of Burgundy, who kept a most ship of it, noble and grand state. Sir Robert de Namur resided with the duke The lord de Cotcy at this period returned to France: he had been of Lancaster, and showed him every attention as long as he remained a long time in Lombardy with the count de Vertus,* son of the lord in Flanders. Galeas Visconti, and had made war on lord Bernabo Visconti and his The embassadors from the pope, the archbishop of Rouen and the allies, for the cause of the church and of Gregory XI. who at that bishop of Carpentras, were also there, who went to and fro to each time was pope, and for the holy college of Rome. The lord de Coucy, party, proposing different terms for an accommodation, but wY,". in right of succession to the lady his mother, who was sister to the out any effect; for these lords, in their first parley, were too much divided to come to any agreement. The king of France demanded repayment of fourteen hundred thousand francs which had been given for king lie John's ransom, and that the town of Calais should be dismantled. This the Firm anking of England would never consent to. The truces were therefore prolonged until the feast of St. John the }ast Baptist in the year 1376. The lords remained all that winter in Bruges, and farther remo ve. thn the lord dsome time longer. In the summer, omplaine oeach returned to his own country, except the duke of Brittany: he continued in Flanders with his cousin the count Lewis, who entertained him hand. somely. oI n this year, on TrinityaSunday, that wflower of English knighathood the lord where Edward of England, prince of Wales o g, 1" and of Aquitaine, departed this life in the palace of Westmin ster near London. His body was embalmed, placed ba ronsin a leaden coffin, and kept until the ensuing Michaelmas, in order that he ae 9C-o- - nmight be buried with greater pomp and magnificence when thie parliament assembled in London.* King Charles of France, on account of his lineage, had funeral service for the prince performed with great mag. nificence, in the holy chapel of the palace in Paris, which was attended, ac. ros`B OF EDWARD TIHE BLACK PRINCE. Canterbury Cathedral. The Surcoat, Shield, Sword, and Gloves, placed by our cording to the king's orders, by many Artist, at the end of the Tomb, are those actually worn by the Prince, and now preserved in the Cathedral. prelates and nobles of the realm of From an original drawing. prelates and nobles of the realm France. The truces, through the mediation of duke of Austria last deceased, was the true heir of that duchy. The the embassadors, were again prolonged until the first day of April. last duke did not leave any child by legal marriage. and the inhabit. We will now say something of the lord de Coucy and the Germans. ants of Austria had disposed of the estate in favor of a relation, but When those of Austria and Germany heard that be was advancing farther removed than the lord de Coucy. This lord had frequently with so strong a force to carry on the war wgainst them. they burnt complained of such conduct to the emperor, the lord Charles of Bo- and destroyed three days' march of country by the river side, and then hemia. The emperor readily acknowledged the lord de Coucy's theyretreated to theirmountains and inaccessible places. The men. right: but he could not compel the Austrians to do the same, who at-arms, of whom the lord de Coucy was the leader, expected to find were in great force in their own country, and had plenty of men-at plenty of forage, but they met with nothing: they suffered all this arms. The lord de Coucy had gallantly carried on the war against winter very great distress, and knew not in what place to seek pro. them several times, through the aid of one of his aunts, sister to the vision for themselves, or forage for their horses, who were dying of' aforesait duke, but he had not gained much. On the lord de Coucy's cold, hunger, and disorders: for this reason, when spring came, they return to France, the king entertained him handsomely. Having returned to France, and separated into different troops to recruit considered there were numbers of men-at-arms in France then idle, themselves. The king of France sent the greater part of' the compa. on account of the truce between the French and English, he entreated nies into Brittany and lower Normandy, as he imnagined he should thle king to assist himn in obtaining the free companies of Bretons, have occasion for their services. who were overrunning and harassing the kingdom for him, and lead The lord de Coucy, on his return into France, began to think of them into Austria. The king, who wished these companies any- becoming a good and true Frenchman; for he had found the king where but in his kingdom, readily assented to his request. He lent, of France very kind and attentive to his concerns. His relationship or gave, I know not which, sixty thousand francs, in order to get rid to the king made him consider it was not worth his while to risk the of these companions. They began their march toward Austria about loss of his inheritance, for so slender a reason as the war with the Michaelmas, committing many ravages wherever they passed. Many king of England: for he was a Frenchman by name, arms, blood, barons, knights, and squires of France, Artois, Vermandois, Hainault, and extraction. He therefore sent the lady his wife to England, and and Picardy, such as the viscounts de Meaux and d'Aunay, sir Raoul kept with him only the eldest'of his two daughters: the youngest had de Coucy, the baron de Roye, Pierre de Bar, and several others, been left in England, where she had been educated. The king of offered their services to the lord de Coucy. His army was increased France sent the lord de Coucy to attend the negotiations carrying on at by all those who wished to advance themselves in honor. Bruges, which continued all the winter. None of the great lords were there, except the duke of Brittany, who had staid with his cousin the count of Flanders; but he entered very little into the business. CHAPTER CCCXXV. THE TRUCE BETWrEEN FRANCE AND ENGLAND IS PROLONGED. THE DEATH CHAPT E R CCCXXVI. OF TIlE BLACK PRINCE. THE LORD DE COUCY RETURNS, HAVING HAD INDIFFERENT SUCCESS. RICHARD, SON OF THE PRINCE OF WALES, IS ACKNOWLEDGED AS PRESUMP. WHEN the feat of All-saints was drawing near, the duke of B TIVE HEIR TO THE CROWN OF ENGLAND. THE NEGOTIATIONS FOR PEACE gundy, the count de Saltzbourg, the bishops of Amiens and of Bay- HAVING FAILED, AND THE TRUCES EXPIRED, THE WAR IN RENEWED eux, came to Bruges by orders of the king of France, to hold a con. BETWEEN THE FRENCH AND ENGLISH. ference. The duke of Anjou staid at St. Omer, where he continued AF~TRR the feast of Michaelmas, when the funeral of the prince the whole time. From the king of England there came, the dukes had been performed in a manner suitable to his birth and merit, the of Lancaster and Brittany, the earl of Salisbury and the bishop of king of England caused the young prince Richard to be acknowledged London: so that the town of Bruges was well filled by their retinues, as his successor to the crowss after his decease, by all his children, the duke of Lancaster, the earl of Cambridge, the lord Thomas his * John Galeas Visconti, first duke of Milan, bore the title of count de Vetue, until youngest son, as well as by all the barons, earls, prelates, and knights' We. ceslaus, king of the Romans, invested him with the ducal dignity1395. He gsined, by treachery, possession of his uncle Bernabo, and put him to death by coison. For * The prince of Wales was buried in the cathedral at Canterbury. For particltra, further particulars. see Muratori and Corio. ~'~qoueh's Sepulchral Monuments. 224 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &e. of England. He made them solemnly swear to observe this; and on Christmas-day he had him seated next to himself, above all his C HAP T ER CCCXXVII. POPE GREGORY XI. LEAVES AVIGNON, AND RETURNS TO ROME. ON THI DEATH OF EDWARD III. RICHARD, SON OF THE LATE PRINCE OF WrALE, IS CROWNED KING OF ENGLAND. WHEN pope Gregory XI. who had for a long time resided at Avig. non, was informed there was not any probability of a Deace being concluded between the two kings, he was very itallundeuty, talmu, _______VR~i~ -C~E~~~-r~E~f~-~-~V~gi~ji having arranged his affairs, set out for Rome, to hold there his seat'__________ of government. The duke of Brittany, finding the war was to be renewed, took leave of his cousin the count of Flanders, with whom he had resided upward of a year, and rode towara Gravelines, where the earl of _____ _ t:Salisbury and sir Guiscard d'Angle, with a body of men-at-arms and 7- - >;> 9,2archers, came to meet him, to escort him to Calais, where the duke ____i _i__ Ad 2 j tarried a month: he then crossed over to England and went to Shene, a few miles from London, on the river Thames, where the king o2 England lay dangerously ill: he departed this life the vigil of St...... | I | AJohn the Baptist, in the year 1377. Upon this event, England was in deep mourning. Immediately all the passes were shut, so that ne _- _~ | l l 5q45 haone could go out of the country; for they did not wish the death 01 the king should be known in France, until they had settled the government of the kingdom. The earl of Salisbury and sir Guiscard d'Angle returned at this time to England.,p,,The body of king Edward was carried in grand procession, followed by his children in tears, and by the nobles and prelates of England, through the city of London, with his face uncovered, to Westminster, where he was buried by the side of his lady the queen. IORTRAIT or RICHARD TIE SECOND Froma curious elllength picture formerly en Shortly afterwards, in the month of July, the young king Richard, the walls of the Jerusalem, or Painted Chamber, in the ancient Palace of Westminster. Shortly afterwards,in the month of July, the young kingRichard, who was in his eleventh year, was crowned with great solemnity at the palace of Westminster: he was supported by the dukes of Lan. caster and Brittany. He created that day four earls and nine knights; children, in royal state, that it might be seen and declared he was to namely, his uncle the lord Thomas of Woodstock earl of Buckingbe king of England after his death. ham, the lord Percy earl of Northumberland, sir Guiscard d'Angle The lord John Cobham, the bishop of Hereford, and the dean of earl of Huntingdon, and the lord Mowbray earl of Nottingham. The London, were at this time sent to Bruges on the part of the English. The French had sent thither the count de Saltzbourg, the lord de Chatillon, and master Philibert l'Espiote. The prelates, embassadors from the pope, had still remained there, and con- tinued the negotiations for peace. tiL They treated of a marriage between q I the young son of the prince and the ha lady Mary, daughter of the king of France: after which the negotiators f k E a of each party separated, and reported what they had done to their respective j: kings. _ I] About Shrovetide, a secret treaty, was fbrmed between the two kings for their embassadors to meet at Montreuil-sur-mer; and the king of England sent to Calais sir Guiscard d'Angle, sir Richard Sturey, and sir!], Geoffry Chaucer. On the part of the French were, the lords dIe Coucy and i'1 de la' Rivieres, sir Nichnolas Bragues - and Nichloas Bracier. They for a long time discussed the subject of the;3 above marriage; and the French, as I was informed, made some offers,...I but the others demanded different i'terms, or refused treating. These lords returned therefore, with their - treaties, to their sovereigns; and the i truces were prolonged to the first of May. The earlI of Salisbury, the b'. hop of St. David's chancellor of i~-' E igland, and the bishop of IHereford,. r(:.urned to Calais; and with them, i b: orders of the king of France, the 1o d de Concy, and sir William de D r'mnans chancellor of France. Notwithstanding all that the pre- lates could say or argue, they never could be brought to fix upon any place* to discuss these treaties between Montrenil and Calais, nor be- -.'. tween Montreuil and Boulogne, nor ToMS oV EDwaRD THE THIRD. Westminster Abbey. From an original drawing. on any part of the frontiers; these treaties, therefore, remained in an unfinished state. When the war recommenced, sir Hugh Calverleywas young king was placed under the tutorship of that accomplished sent governor of Calais. knight sir Guiscard d'Angle, with the approbation of all, to instruct I him in the paths of virtue and honor. The duke of Lancaster had They durt never trust to mee~t together in any plsce between Montrelul and Calis, the government of the kingdom. dutc.-eLoan, LIERNERS. As soon as the king of France learnt the dleath of king Edward~ CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 2b he said that he had reigned most nobly and valiantly, and that his garrison of Ardres is not so strong but it may be won." The king name ought to be remembered with honor among heroes. Many replied, "have it then we will, whatever it may cost us." He soon nobles and prelates of his realm were assembled, to perform his ob- after issued a secret summons, and it was not guessed to what part sequies with due respect, in the Holy Chapel of the Palace at Paris. he intended sending this army, of which he made the duke of Bur. Shom tly after, Madame, the eldest daughter of the king of France, gundy general. There were in it twenty-five hundred lances of died. She had been betrothed to that gallant youth William of good and hardy men. They marched suddenly to the castle of Hainault, eldest son of duke Albert. Ardres, which they invested. With the duke of Burgundy were the count de Guines, the marshal de Blainville, the lords de Clisson and,4~.... ~~~de la Val, de Rougement, de la Riviere, de Bregide, de Frainville, CHAPTER CCCXXVIII. d'Ainville, d'Ancoing, de Rayneval, and d'Anuest, sir James de Bourbon, the seneschal of Hainault, with many other knights and TE ING OF FNCE EUIPS FOR SEA A LARGE FLEET, WiiCH BURNS barons. They had with them machines that cast stones of two SEVERAL TOWNS IN ENGLAND. hundred weight, with which they made a most vigorous assault. DURING the negotiations for peace, the king of France had been The lord de Gommegines, captain of the castle, was astonished to very active in providing ships and galleys: the king of Spain had see himself surrounded by such numbers of gallant men-at-arms, who sent him his admiral, sir Fernando Sausse, who, with sir John de seemed determined, that ifthe place were taken by storm, they would Vienne, admiral of France, had sailed for the port of Rye, which spare no one they should find within it. As he was not provided they burnt, five days after the decease of king Edward, the vigil of., with artillery for a long siege, through the mediation of his cousin. St. Peter, in June, and put to death the inhabitants, without sparing german, the lord de Rayneval, he offered to enter into a treaty fot man or woman. Upon the news of this event coming to London, surrendering the place, on condition of their lives and fortunes being the earls of Cambridge and Buckingham were ordered to Dover spared. This treaty was long debated; but at length the castle was with a large body of men-at-arms. The earl of Salisbury and sir surrendered, and all who chose it departed, and were conducted by John Montague, on the other hand, were sent to the country niear sir Walter de Bailleul to the town of Calais. Sir William des Bor Southampton. des was appointed governor of Ardres: he was succeeded by the After this exploit, the French landed in the Isle of Wight. They viscount de Meaux, who remained there a long time: the third, afterwards burnt the following towns: Portsmouth, Dartmouth, Ply- governor was the lord de Saifinpy. mouth,* and several others. When they had pillaged and burnt all The same day that Ardres surrendered, the duke laid siege to the in the Isle of Wight, they embarked and put to sea, coasting the castle of Ardvick, which the three brothers Maulevriers held for' shores until they came to a port called Poq.t The earl of Salisbury England. During the three days he staid there, many skirmishes and sir John Montague defended the passage, but they burnt a part passed; but they at last surrendered, and the garrison was conducted of the town of Poq. Ttmy again embarked, and coasted toward to Calais by the marshal of France. After' this the duke besieged Southampton, attempting every day to land; but the earl of Salisbury Vauclignen, which also surrendered on the same terms as the others and his forces, who followed them along the shore, prevented them had done: and, when the duke had revictualled and reinforced them from so doing. The fleet then came before Southampton; but sir with men-at-arms and cross-bows, he disbanded his army and re. John Arundel, with a large body of men-at-arms and archers, guarded turned to the king at Paris. The Breton lords went to Brittany, fos well the town, otherwise it would have been taken. The French they had heard that the duke of Brittany had arrived at Brest with ei, made sail from thence toward Dover, and landed near to the abbey large army. The Barons of Burgundy and the others returned,~ of Lewes, where there were great numbersm of the people of the country their own homes. assembled. They appointed the abbot of Lewes, sir Thomas Cheney, You have before heard how the lord John captal de Buch, havingt and sir John Fuselee their leaders, who drew up in good array to been made prisoner before Soubise, was confined in the Temple at; dispute their landing, and to defend the country. The French had Paris. The king of England and his son greatly desired his liberty, not the advantage, but lost several of their men, as well might hap- and it had been much debated at the negotiations at Bruges: they. len. However, the better to maintain the fight, they made the land, would willingly have given in exchange for him the young count dea. when a'grand skirmish ensued, and the English, being forced to re- St. Pol and three or four other knights: but the king of France and, treat, were finally put to flight. Two hundred at least were slain, his counsel would not consent. The king had him informed through. and the two knights, with the abbot of Lewes, made prisoners. the grand prior, who had the guard of him, that if he would swear The French roembarked, and remained at anchor before the never to bear arms against the crown of France, he would listen to abbey all that night. They then heard, for the first time, from their terms for his liberty. The captal replied, that he would never make,, prisoners, the death of king Edward and the coronation of king this oath, though he were to die in prison. He remained therefore Richard, and also a part of the regulations of the kingdom, and that strictly guarded for five years in confinement, to his great discomfort; great numbers of men-at-arms were under orders to march to the for he bore it so impatiently that at last he died.* The king, off coast. Sir John de Vienne dispatched a sloop to Harfleur, where France had him interred; and a solemn service was performed, there was a knight in waiting, who immediately rode to Paris to the which was attended by the barons, prelates and nobles of France. king, and reported to him such intelligence respecting the death of England was thus losing her grest captains; for, in this same year,. king Edward that he was convinced of its truth. the lord de Spencer, a great banneret of England, died. He left' The French and Spaniards put to sea, and having the wind favora- issue by his lady, the daughter of the late sir Bartholomew Bur. ble, came with an easy sail that same tide, about the hour of nine, ghersk, one son and four daughters. Soon after the death of that before Dover. They amounted in all to about six score galleys. AL gallant knight the captal de Buch, the queen of France was brought' that ime there were in Dover the earls of Cambridge and Bucking to bed of a daughter, who was named Catherine; and, while in hani, with immense numbers of men-at-arms and archers, who, with childbed, the queen was seized with an illness that caused her death. a hundred thousand common men, were waiting for the arrival of the This amiable queen was daughter of the valiant duke of Bourbon,, French, drawn up before the port with displayed banners, for they killed at the battle of Poitiers. Her obsequies were performed in had seen them at a distance, and they were continually joined by the abbey of St. Denis, where she was buried with great solemnity, people from the country who had noticed this large fleet. to which were invited all the nobles and prelates of France in the, The French came before the harbor, but did not enter it, making neighborhood of Paris. for deep water, as the tide began to ebb. Notwithstanding this, the English continued strict guard all that day and following night. CHAPTER CCXXX. CHItA PT ER CC C XX X The French who were on the sea came with the next tide before Calais,; to the great surprise of the inhabitants, who closed their gates THE WAR RECOMMENCES BETWEEN THE RING OF FRANCE. AND, THIR against them. RING OF NAVARRE. THE SIEGE OF CHERBOURG. THE DUKE OF'LAN CASTER INVADES BRITTANY. THE CASTLE OF AURIAY SURRENDERS TO, THE FRENCH. CHAPTER CCCXXIX. SINCE the peace made at Vernon between the kings of Firance and i Navarre, as has been before related, and since the king of Navarre'; THEE W OF ARLDRES SURRCNDERS TO THE FRENCF. T HE QDEETHS OF Fhad left his two children with their uncle the king of France, sues. THE CATAL DE BUC ND OF TE QUEEN OF FRNCE. picions had fallen on a squire of the king's household.. He had been, WHILE these things were passing, sir Hugh Calverley, governor of placed there by the king of Navarre at the time heleft'his-childlren.:. Calais, sir John Harlestone, governor of Guines, and the lord de his name was James de la Rue. A lawyer, who was one of the king Gommegines, governor of Ardres, made very frequent excursions of Navarre's council, and his chancellor in the county of Evereux,. into Picardy; three or four in every week. They advanced often was also implicated in this business: the name of this chmleellorbefore St. Omer, Arques, Mouton, Fiennes, and the towns in that was master Peter du Tertre. neighborhood, as well as to Boulogne and near to Terouenne, which These two men were cruelly executed at Paris, and acknowledged, were particularly molested by the garrison of Ardres. Complaints before all the people, that they had intended to have poisoned the. af them had frequently been made to the king of France. On king of France. The king immediately collected a large army, the, asking how this was to be prevented, he was answered, "Sire, the command of which he gave to the constable: there were with him,; the lord de la Riviere and many other barons and knights. They? Q. If LaenotDartemode, Platmende, Plesume. —D. SAUVO.F ~-~OnnJAGE. Imarched into Normandy, to attack the castles of the king of Navarre,:.: Lord Berimers says, The Frenchmenwith the next tide came before the } —,en of Ca- * The prince of Wales gave to the captal de Buch, and his male heirs, the cmunty at',m. and thlere entered. —Eo. BigorTtb with all its towns, &c. the 7th June. 1369. Confirmed by the king — tYvMmAI 226 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. which were strong and well garrisoned, and laid siege to one of Richard, to reconquer his duchy, which had turned to the French, them called Pont-au-demer.* The French had with them many but he was not listened to. At length the duke of Lancaster wa. cannon, and various engines and machines, with which, in the course informed, that if he landed in Brittany with a good army, there were of different assaults, they pressed the garrison hard; but they defend. some forts and castles that would surrender to him: in particular, St ed themselves valiantly. Though there were many attacks and Malo, a handsome fortress, and a sea-port town. Upon this, the duke skirmishes, the siege lasted a long time: the castle was much ruined, of Lancaster, having raised a large army, went to Southampton. H(" and the garrison hard pushed. They were frequently required by there prepared his vessels and stores, and embarked with many lords, the constable to surrender, or they would all be put to death, if the men-at-arms, and archers. This fleet had favorable winds to St place were taken by storm: this was the threat which the constable Male; and when near the shore, having landed and disembarked was accustomed to make. The men of Navarre seeing their provisions their stores, they advanced toward the town, and closely besieged it decrease, and finding themselves much weakened, without any hopes The inhabitants were not much alarmed, for they were well provided of assistance from their king, who was at too great a distance, sur- with provision, men-at-arms, and cross-bows, who valiantly defended rendered the castle, and were conducted to Cherbourg, carrying with themselves, so that the duke remained there a considerable time. them all their plunder. This castle was razed to the ground, though When the constable of France and the lord de Clisson heard of this, it had cost large sums to erect: and the walls and towers of Pont- they sent summonses everywhere, and marched to St. Male to raise au-demer were levelled with the ground. the siege. Many thought that a battle must ensue; and the English The French then advanced to besiege the fortress of Mortain,t drew out their army several times in battle-array, ready for the comwhere they remained some time; but the garrison, seeing no appear- hat; but the constable and the lord de Clisson never came neat ance of assistance from the king of Navarre, and that the otherNavarre enough for an engagement. The English, therefore, having lain before fortresses were too weak to resist the French, surrendered themselves the town some time, and not perceiving any inclination in the inhab. on the same conditions with those of Pont-ao-demer. You must itants to surrender, the duke of Lancaster was advised to decamp, know, that in this expedition, the constable put under the obedience for he saw it was only wasting time: he therefore r~embarked, and of the king of France all the towns, castles, and forts in the county returned to England, where he dismissed his army. of Evreux: the castles and principal towns were dismantled, that The castle of Auray was still in the possession of the duke of from henceforward no war should be carried on against the kingdom Brittany, who resided quietly in England: the king of France sent of France firom any town or castle which the king of Navarre held thither several lords of France and Brittany, who began a siege which in the county of Evreux. The king of France established in them lasted a long time. The garrison of Auray, not seeing any hope of the gabelle and subsidies, in like manner as they were in the realm succor, entered into a treaty, that if they were not relieved by the of France. duke of Brittany or the king of England, with a sufficient force to On the other hand, the king of Spain had ordered his brother, the raise the siege on a certain day, they would surrender. This treaty bastard of Spain, to enter Navarre with a powerful army: he attacked was acceded to; and when the appointed day arrived, the French towns and castles, and gained much country, in spite of the king of were there, but no one came from the duke nor the king of England: Navarre, who could do but little to defend himself. He sent to in- the castle was therefore placed under the obedience of the king of form king Richard of England how he was situated, in the hope that France,in the same manner as the other castles and principal towns he would aid him in opposing the king of France in his county of of Brittany; and those of Auray, who were attached to the duke, Evreux; for that he himself would remain in Navarre, to guard his departed thence. fortresses against the king of Spain. King Richard, in consequence of a council which had been called,on this business, sent sir Robert le Rouxt with a body of men-at- CHAPTER CCCXXXI.;arms and archers, to Cherbourg. The garrisons of the different for- THE FRtENCH GAnRISON OF MONTBOUrG Is DEFEATED BY THE ENGLISH AT:tresses won by the constable in the county of Evreux were also col- aERBnouRG. ilected at that town. When all were assembled, they were a numerous SooN after Easter, in the year of our Lord 1379, king Charles of;and handsome body of picked men, who had provided the castle with France, finding the garrison of Cherbourg was oppressing tie whole:-stores, for they concluded it would be besieged. The constable and country of Coutantin, appointed sir William des Bourdes, a valiant country of Coutantin, appointed sir William des Boardes, a valiant -the lord de la Riviere, having visited every place in the county of knight and good captain, to be chief governor of Coutantin, and of Evreux with their army, found that all the towns formerly belonging all the fortresses round Cherbourg. Sir William des Bourdes went,to the king of Navarre were now under the obedience of the king thither with a handsome body of men-at-arms and Genoese cross. of France: they then came before Cherbourg, which is a strong and bows, and fixed his quarters at Montbourg; which hie made a garri.,noble place, founded by Juius Cwsar, when he conquered England, son against Cherbourg; whence he formed firequent expeditions, and,and likewise a sea-port. would willingly have met with the men of Cherbourg; for he wished The French besieged it on all sides except that of the sea, and took for nothing better than an engagement with them, as he felt himself up their quarters in such a manner before it as showed they were a good knight, bold and enterprising, and had also under his com-.determined not to quit until they had conquered it. Sir Robert le mand the flower of the men-at-arms from all the adjacent garrisons. iRoux and his forces made frequent sallies, for neither night nor day About the same time, sir John Harlestone was sent to Cherbourg, to passed without skirmishing. The French could never form a wish take command of it. I have before mentioned him as being gov-:for feats of arms but there were always some ready to gratify it. ernor of Gaines. He had embarked at Southampton with three.Many combats took place with lance and sword, and several were hundred men-at-arms and as many archers,'and with them had safely:killed or taken prisoners on each side, during this siege, which lasted arrived at Cherbourg. There were in this army sir Otho de Grant.':the whole summer. son,- and among the English sir John Aubourc,t sir John Orcelle,$ Sir Oliver du Guesclin posted himself in an ambuscade near the with other knights and squires. On their arrival, they disembarked,castle: he then ordered his men to begin a skirmish, in which the their horses and armor, with other stores, and rrtained some days French were repulsed by the English, and driven back as far as the in Cherbovrb to recruit themselves, and make preparations for expe.:ambuscade of sir Oliver, who immediately rushed out with his troop, ditions and for carrying on the war in earnest. sBword in hand, and advanced boldly on the enemy, like men well S William des Bourdes puzzled himself day and night in enSir William des Boardes puzzled himself' day and night in en. -practiced in arms. The encounter was sharp on both sides, and deavoring to find out some means of annoying them. You must.many a man was unhorsed, killed, wounded, or made prisoner: at know, that these two governors laid several ambuscades for each'last, sir Oliver du Guesclin was taken, and avowed himself a prisoner other but with little effect: for by chance they never met, except,to a Navarrois squire, called John le Coq, an able man-at-arms: he some few cmpanion, who adventred themselves foolhrdiy, as il ~~~~~~~~~~~some few companions, who adventured themselves fool-hardily, as was dragged into iherbourg. The skirmish was now over, more to well to acquire honor as gain: these partiesfrequently attacked each:thelos oftheFrech than of the English. Sir Oliver was sent to the loss of the Frech than of the English. Sir Oliver was sent to other: sometimes the French won, at others, they lost. Such skir-,England, where he remained prisoner for a long time in London, mishes continued so often, thatsir William des Bourdes marched out'and was at last ransomed. h and was at lastF ransomed. b C u a y s one morning from Montbourg, with his whole force, toward Cher., The French remained before Cherbourg, at a heavy expense, the bourg, in hopes of drawing that garrison out into the plain. bourg, in hopes of drawing that garrison out into the plain.:greater part of the winter, without having gained much. They greater part of the winter, without having gained much. hey On the other hand, sir John Harlestone, who was ignorant of the -thought they were losing time, and that Cherbourg was impregnable, intentions of the French, had also that same morning made an ex-as all sorts of reinforcements, men-at-arms, provision and stores, might cursion, and had commanded his trumpets to sound for his men to earsion, and had commanded his trumpets to sound for his men to,.be introduced into it by sea: for which reason the French broke up arm themselves, as well horse as foot, and to advance into the plain: their camp, and placed strong garrisons in the places round Cher- he had already ordered who were to remain in the garrison. Ho,bourg, such as Montbourg, Pont Doue, Carentan, St. Lo, and in St. marched forth in handsome display, and ordered sir John Orcelle,.-Sauveur~le Vicomnte. The-constablie then disbanded his army, and auveure icote. The constable then disbanded hs army, and with his foot soldiers, to take the lead as their guide. Having done every oneretured to theplace when —- e he came. This was n the this, he sent forward his light troops. Sir William des Bourdes had uyear 13Th. made a similar arrangement of his army. They both advanced in You have before heard how~ rehe duke of Brittany had left that this array until the light troops of each party met, and came so near ~country, and had~earried his duchess w'rth him to England. He re- that they could easily distinguish each other. Uppn which, they reaided at the estate he had there., which was called the honor of Rich- turned to the main body, and reported all they had observed. The meond, and took great pains ito obtain assistance from the young king, ~ot e tSir Otho de Grantson" —was before mentioned, not as an Englishman b-',Is one ~ "Pont-AudemeWC o ~ town in Nor mandy, on the Rille, forty-one leaguez from Paris. who had an estate on the other side of the sea. t "Mortaina'-a town in Normandy. seventy-one leagues from Paris. t "Sir John Aubourc." May it not be Aubrey 7? Probably sir Robert toos.e, or Rouse.! "Sir John Orcelle." Perhaps Worseley or'oreJelr CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &e 227 two leaders, on hearing their reports, were quite happy; for they had at last found what they had been seeking for, and were much SECON VOLME rejoiced thus to meet. When the two knights had heard the news from their lighttroops, OF T they each drew up their forces with great wisdom, and ordered their pennons to be displayed. The English foot were intermixed with CHRONICLES OF SIR JOHN FROISSART. their ment-at-arms. As soon as they were within bow-shot, the French dismounted; so did likewise the English: then the archers and cross.bowmen began to shoot sharply, and the men-at-.arms to advance with their lances before them in close order. The armies C H A P T E R I. met, and blows with spears and battle-axes began to fly about on all side% The battle was hardly fought, and one might there have seen THE DUXE OF ANJOU UNDERTAKES AN EXPEDITION AGAINST THE ENGLISH IN THE BORDELOIS. men-at-arms make trial of their prowess. IN T BORLOIS. Sir William des Bourdes was completely armed, and, with his bat- You have before heard related how the duke of Burgundy had,tu-axe in his hand, gave such blows to the right and left, that on made an incursion from the borders of Picardv, which was very whomsoever they fell that person was struckto the ground. He per. honorable to him and profitable to the Frenen; and how he had formed valorous deeds, worthy of being praised for ever after; and placed in Ardres, and the other castles of which he had gained posit was not his fault the English were not discomfited. In another session, governors and men-at-arms to defend them; especially in the part of the field, sir John Harlestone, governor of Cberbourg, fought town of Ardres, where he had established for a time si: William des well and valiantly with his battle-axe, one foot advanced before the Bourdes, and, in his absence, the viscount de Meaux and the lord de other; and well it needed him, for he had to do with an obstinate Saimpy. These captains had it repaired and strengthened, notwithbody of hardy men. Several gallant deeds were performed this day; standing it was strongly fortified before. The king of France had many a man slain and wounded. Sir John Harlestone was struck heard the news of this with infinite pleasure, and considered this exdown and in great peril of his life; but by force of arms he was res- pedition as having done him great service. He sent immediate orders cued. The battle lasted long, and was excellently kept up, as well to the governor of St. Omer, commanding the town of Ardres to be on one side as on the other. The English had not any advantage, reinforced and provided with every kind of store and provision in the for they had as many killed and wounded as the French; but at last most ample manner: which orders were punctualiy obeyed. The the English continued the combat so manfully, and with such courage, army was disbanded, except the troops which were attached to the that they gained the field; the French were all either slain or made lord de Clisson and the Bretons; but they returned as speedily as prisoners: few men of honor saved themselves, fer they had entered they could into Brittany, for news had been brought to the lord de into the engagement with so much good heart that they could not Clisson and the other barons before Ardres, that Janequin le Clerc,t prevail on themlselves to fly, but were determined to die or to con- an English squire and an expert man-at-arms, had sailed from Engquer their enemies. land to Brittany, and had reinforced Brest with Englishmen. These Sir William des Bourdes was made prisoner on good terms by a Bretons, therefore, carried with them sir James de Verchin, s6neschal squire from Hainault, called William de Beaulieu, an able man-at- of Hainsult. The duke of Burgundy returned to his brother the king arms, who for a considerable time had been attached to the English of France. in the castle of Calais: to him sir William surrendered in great grief, At this period, there was a large body of men-at-arms assembled and much enraged that the victory was not his. The English that on the borders of the Bordelois, in obedience to the summons of the day did much harm to the French. Several were;made prisoners duke of Anjou and the constable of France, who had appointed a toward the end of the engagement; but it was a pity to see the num- day for attacking the Gascons and English, of which I shall speak bers killed. When the English had stripped the dead, sir John more fully when better informed than I am at present Harlestone and his men returned to Cherbourg, carrying with them While the duke of Burgundy was with his army in Picardy, as I their prisoners and their riches. You may be assured that they have before said, the duke of Anjou resided in the good town of rejoiced mightily in the success of this day, which God had given Toulouse with the duchess his lady, and was devising, night and day, to them. Sir William des Bourdes was feasted and entertained with different schemes to annoy and harass the English; for hlie found every possible attention; for he was personally deserving of whatever that various castles and towns on the river Dordogne, and on the could be done for him. This defeat took place, between Montbourg borders of Rouergue, the Toulousain, and Querci, were still harassing and Cherbourg, the day of St. Martin le bouillant 1379. the country and those inhabitants who had put themselves under his When the king of France heard that the garrison of Montbourg obedience. He was anxious to provide a remedy for this, and re. and its governor were either slain or made prisoners, and that the solved to lay siege to Bergerac: this place being the key to Gascony, country was much alarmed by this defeat, the king, like one well and standing on the frontiers of Rouergue, Querci, and Limousin. advised and attentive to his affairs, immediately provided a remedy, But as he found there were yet several great barons of Gascony adby sending, without delay, fresh troops to guard the frontiers, the for- verse to him, such as the lords de Duras, de Rosem, de Mucident, tresses and the country round Cherbourg. Sir Hutin de Bremalles de Langurant, de Guernoles, de Carles, and sir Peter de Landuras, was appointed general to these troops by the king of France, who with many more, he determined to raise a large force that would kept the country against the English. However, by orders of the not only enable him to oppose these lords but to keep the field. He king, they afterwards abandoned Montbourg, and all the country of wrote, therefore, to sir John d'Armagnac, who, ia such a business, Coutantin, which is one of the richest in the world. They made all would not fail him, and sent also to the lord d'Albret. He had be. the inhabitants give up their handsome houses and other possessions, fore sent for the constable of France, the lord Louis de Sancerre, the anid retreat out of this peninsula. The French guarded the frontiers lord de Coucy, and many knights and squires, in Picardy, Brittany, at Dune, Carentan, and at St. Lo, and all the borders of the penin- and Normandy, who were all willing to serve him and to advance sula of Coutantin.* their reputation in arms and renown. The constable and marshal of France were already arrived. T The division into volumes here observed is in accordance with the French edition The duke of Anjou knew that there existed a coolness between ofD. Sauvageandofthemostauthentic MSS. Mr.Johnes did not adheretothe original the relations and friends of the lord do Pommiers, and sir Thomas arrangement, but divided the work and numbered the chapters to suit the four quarto volumes ins which he originally published his work; and Lord Berners, who published Felton, high soneschal of Bordeauxo4 and the Bordelois. I will tell his translation in two folio volumes, attended only to that natural division, so that the you the reason of it, and afterwards clear it up. Long before that inumbers of his latter chapters are quite at variance with those of other editions. We period, in the year 1375, there was a cruel instance of justice ex have thought it better to restore the old division which originated with Froissart himself. The numeration and arrangement of the chapters will be found nearly in unison with ecuted at Bordeaux by the orders of sir Thomas Felton, lieutenant that of D. Sauvage, but Mr. Johnes's additions and corrections prevent their being for the king of England in the Bordelois, upon sir William lord de identical.-En. Pommiers, on suspicion of treason, which astonished every one. By orders of sir Thlomas Felton, this lord de Pommiers was arrested in r1>D I THE FIRST VOLOUE OF THE CHRONICLES OF SIR JOHN FROISSART. Bordeaux, together with a lawyer, his secretary and counsellor, called John Coulon, a native of Bordeaux. It was proved on them (as I was at the time informed,) that the lord de Pomnmniers had agreed to sur. render himself and all his castles to the French; from which charge they could never clear themselves, so that they were cotndemned to death. The lord de Pommiers and his secretary were publicly be. headed in the market-place of the city of Bordeaux, before all the people, who much wondered thereat.t His relations blamed this proceeding exceedingly, and that gallant knight, sir Aymon de Pom.?.:The author employs the first twenty-seven cti preps in recapitulating the events og the.three last years of the preceding volume, which had been too succinctly relalet — ST. PALAYE'S Essay on the Workts of FEiozsssrt. t Janequin le Clerc-I imagine to be sir JIoshn CIark, of whom Holliragshed speaks so handsomely in the 3rd of Richard IL., and who was killed in a battle at a sea-port in Brittany. —See HOLLmNGSHED. r A.Dn. 1377, 1378. Rotnil Vasconime de anno primo iicardi It. Membrano 16, 17,18, 19. o. Pocessus judicil rediti contra Wihlelmum Sans, dominum de Pomers, pro prts. I ~U, in curia Vasconime. et de castris et terris suis satisfactis ad dominum regem. 228 CHRONICLE S OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. miers, uncle to sir Williamlln et out from Bordeaux and the Bordelois C H A P T E R I I. very indignan at of su: disgrace to his family, and swore he would never again bear arms for the king of England. He crossed the seas SIR THOMAS FELTON IS DEFEATED AND MADE PRISONER, WITH SIA.NY GO to the Holy Sepulchre, and made several other voyages.' On his re- THE PRINCIPAL LORDS OF GASCONY, BY A PARTY OF FRENCH ATT TnI turn, he changed to the French interest, placing himself and his ter. SIEGE OF BERGERAC. ritories under the obedience of the king of France. He immediately SIR THOMAS FELTON, who resided at Bordeaux, was not at his case sent his challenge to the lord de l'Esparre, and made war upon him, from knowing that his enemies were but twelve leagues distant, and because he had been one of the judges of his nephew. in such numbers that he could not think of' opposing them by force, Sir John Blessac, sir Peter de Landuras, and sir Bertrand du Franc, were also implicated in these suspicions of treacon, as. a eIs well as on account o the th surrender of the castle of:r. Q?, Fronsac, which had been 4h delivered up to the French,; i, " it being the inheritance of i the lord de Pornmiers who 1; t gad been beheaded: l they were detafined in pris:in thc o p at Bxrdeaux upward of _____ sevenmouths. They woe at length set at liberty, throngh the entreaties of their friends, for nothing \could be proved against them. Sir GaillardVig hier, however, continued a long time in imminent danger, which surprised many, as he was not of that country, but had come from Loni bardy with the lord de /' Coucy, and was in the service of pope Gregory, who exerted himself in his deliverance as soon as he heard of his imprison- R ment, the knignht having insisted on his innocence. _ By these means, much se-. - cret hatred was caused, from which many mis- "i chiefs ensued. When the duke of An- e iou saw the time was ar- "- rived for his marching DuKE OF AiJOu with hir army, marching against Bergerac. From a MS. Froissart of the 15th century from Toulouse, and that the greaterpart of his menat-arms were in the field-in particular, the constable of France, in having also learnt the duke of AnJou's summons and intentions: hi whom he had the greatest confidence-he set out from Toulouse, and had, therefore, sent information to the king and council iTi England; took the direct road to Bergerac. Sir Perducas d'Albret wasgovernor but those whom he had dispatched thither had not been able to do of the place: he resided in a small castle, a short league from Lan- anything, for the kingdom of England was much shaken, and differguedoc, called Moueux, which is a strong fort. ent parties were mutually opposing each other. The duke of LanThe duke of Anjou and his armylnarched until they came before caster, in particular, was unpopular with the common people; from Bergerac, when they encamped themselves all around it, and as near which cause much party animosity and danger happened afterwards the river as possible, for the greater easeof themselves and their in England. No men-at-arms were sent either to Gascony or to horses. Many great barons were with the duke: in the first place, Brittany; on which account, those who were defending the frontiers sir John d'Armagnac, with a large troop; the constable of France, for the young king were very ill pleased. It happened that sii with another large body; the lord Louis de Sancerre, sir. John de Thomas Felton had desired the lord de l'Esparre to go to England, Buell, sir Peter de Bueil, sir Evan of Wales, sir Maurice de Trisi- for the better information of the king and his uncles respecting the quidi (who had formerly been one of the thirty knights on the French affairs of Gascony, in order that they might take counsel to provide side at the duel in Brittany,) sir Alain de Beaumont, sir Alain de la for them. The lord de l'Esparre had already left Bordeaux, and was Houssaye, sir William and sir Peter de Mornay, sir John de Vers, sir proceeding on his voyage; but the wind proving unfavorable, he was Baldwin Cremoux, Thibaut du Pont, Heliot de Calais, and many driven into the Spanish seas, where he was met by some ships from other able men-at-arms with large companies. They encamped them- Spain, with whom he engaged unsuccessfully; he was made prisselves to a great extent in those fine meadows along the river Dor- oner and carried to Spain, where he remained upward of a year and dogne, so that it was a great pleasure to look at them. a half, and suffered many mortifications from the relations of the lord The constable was lodged very near to the quarters of the duke. de Pommiers. Those companions who were desirous of advancing themselves fre- Sir Thomas was a truly valiant man: he had written and sent quently came to the barriers to skirmish: many of whom were slain special messengers to the lords de Mucident, de Duras, de Rosem, or wounded by arrows, as in such adventures must happen. At the and de Langurant, four of the most noble and powerful barons of end of six days after the town of Bergerac had been besieged, the Gascony, and who were attached to England, to request, that for the lord d'Albret, and sir Bernard d'Albret his cousin, arrived in the honor of the king their lord, they would not fail, on any account, to camp of':he duke, well accompaniedby men-at-arms and foot-soldiers, defend the principality, and to desire they would come to Bordeaux where they were received with joy, as the army was by them greatly with their vassals; for all knights who were anxious to. acquit themnreinforced. selves toward the king and lord were already arrived there. When The duke, with the principal leaders of the army, held a council on they were all assembled, they amounted to full five hundred lances: the eighth day, to consider in what manner they could most effect- they remained at Bordeaux, and in the Bordelois, during the timne ualty annoy the inhabitants of Bergerac. Many speeches were made, when the duke of Anjou was beginning the siege of Bergerac. Sir and different proposals offered. It was long debated to storm the Thomas Felton and these four Gascon barons held a council, in town, but afterwards this measure was abandoned, as their men which they resolved to march toward the French, and post them might suofer much, and not make any great gain. The council broke selves in a secure situation, to see if they could gain any advantage ip without coming to any determination, except to continue on the over them. They set out, therefore, from Bordeaux with upward of siege; for they were still expecting large bodies of men-at-arms from three hundred lances, taking the road for La R6ole, and came to a France, and in particular the lord de Coucy. certain town called Yuret,* in which they quartered themselves. The *"'Yuret." probably Yirac —a village in Guienne. near Bordeaux. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 229 French knew nothing of this ambuscade, and suffered much from it. duke of Anjou was mightily rejoiced when he heard of the detach. The siege'of Bergerac was still going forward: there were many ments having had such success, and that all thie flower of Gascony, skirmishes and deeds of arms performed with the garrison by the be- the knights and squires his enemies, were either killed or taken, and siegers; but the French were not great gainers, for sir Perducas among them sir Thomas Felton, who had been very active against d'Albret, the governor, was very active in opposing them, that no him; so that'he would rather have lost five hundred thousand franc: blarme might be imputed to him. than that it should have been otherwise. Sir Peter de Bueil, sir The army called another council, and resolved to send for a large William de Lignac, sir Evan of Wales, and others, continued their machine, called a sow, from La Reole, in order the more to harass march until they came to their armry before Bergerac, where they the garrison. This sow was a large engine, which cast weighty were received with much pleasure by the duke of Anjou, the constones, and one hundred men, completely armed, could be drawn up stable, the barons and knights their friends, who considered their in it, and attack the walls. Sir Peter de Bueil, sir John de Vers, sir success as very honorable and profitable to them. Baldwin de Cremoux, sir Alain de Beaumont, the lord de Montcalay, On the morrow, the sow they had brought was erected near to the and the lord de Gaures, were ordered to go for this engine: they left walls of Bergerac, which much alarmed the inhabitants, who held the army, in consequence, with about three hundred men-at-arms a council to consider their situation, and whether they could main. whom they could depend on, and, fording the river Dordogne, rode tain it. They addressed themselves to their governor, for they found toward La Re.ole: they advanced between Bergerac and La R6ole, they could not long hold out, as no succor was to be expected since until they came to Yurac, where the English were in ambuscade their s6neschal was taken, anrd with him the chivalry of Gascony, on with upward of four hundred combatants, of which they were igno- whose asssistance they had depended. Sir Perducas told them, rant. they were in sufficient strength to hold out for some time, being well News was brought to the army and to the constable of France, that provided with provisions and artillery, if they made not any foolish the English had taken the field; but it was unknown which way agreement. they had marched. The constable, lest his mien might be surprised, Things remained in this situation until the next morning, when immediately ordered a large detachme iat to grruard the foragiers, who the trumpets of the army sounded for an assault, and every one rewere out between the rivers Garonne and Diordogne, and gave the paired to his banner. The constable of France, who was in the command of it to sir Peter de Mornay, sir Evan of Wales, Tiribaut du field with a grand array, sent to hold a parley with the inhabitants Pont, and Heliot de Calais: there might be in this detachment two before the assault began, or any of their men were wounded or slain; hundred lances of tried men. Sir Peter de Bueil, and the others who in which he remonstrated with them, that having had their leaders were sent to bring the sow, rode on to La rReole, and, having laden made prisoners, from whom alone they could hope for assistance, and a great many carts with it, set out on their return, but by a different who were now in treaty to place themselves and their lands under route fiom that by which they had arrived, for they required a broader the obedience of the king of France, they. could not look for any re. road for their convoy, and yet they were to pass by Yurac, or very lief; and, should the town be taken by storm, it would inevitably be near to it, where the English were in aimbuscade: however, they destroyed by fire and flame, and none receive quarter. These threats were so fortiuruate as to rncet with a second detachment from their frightened the inhabitants, who demanded time to hold a consulta. army, when they were within a short league of the town. The whole tion, which was granted to them. The burghelrs then assembled, then amounted to full six hundred lances. They continued their without calling in their governor, and agreed to surrender as good march in greater security, and more at their leisure. Frenchmen, provided they were peaceably antd gently dealt with, Sir Thonmas Felton and the barons of Gascony in Yurac were in- without any of the army entering their town, which was directly formed, that the French were escorting that way a very large engine, granted. from La Reole to their siege of -Bergerace. They were much rejoiced When sir Perducas d'Albret, their governor, heard of this, he at this intelligence, and said it was what they wished. They then mounted his horse, ordered his men to march, and, having passed armned themselves, mounted their horses, and drew up in the best the bridges, made for the fort of Monctr, when Bergerac surrenarray they were able. When they had advanced into the plain, they dered to the French. The constable of France took possession of had not long to wait before they saw the French, marching in a large it, placing therein a governor and men-at-arms to keep and defend body, and in handsome order. No sooner was each party assured it. that those whom they saw were enemies, who seemed mutually eager After the surrender of Bergerac, the duke of Anjou was advised to for the contest, than sticking spurs into their horses, and with spears advance further into the country, and lay siege to Castillon` on the in their rests, they charged each other, shouting their different war. Dordogne. News of this was soon spread through the army, when cries. I inust say, that in this first conflict, many a gallant tilt was every one began to make his preparations naccordingly; that is to performed, and many a knight and squire were unhorsed and driven say, the duke, the constable, anid the other men-at-arms, except the to thie ground. In such deadly warfare, there is no accident but marshal of France, who remained behind to wait for the lord de what may happen. Heliot de Calais, a most able squire and good Coucy, as he was expected to arrive that evening (which indeed he nan-at-arns, was knocked off his horse, by a violent stroke on the did,) when the marshal advanced to - meet him with a very large atthroat-piece with a spear, whose broad point was as sharp and as fine tendance of his nmen, and received him most amicably. They as a razor. This iron cut through the throat-piece, as well as all the remained all that night in the place which the duke had left. The veins: the strokie beat him to the ground, when he shortly after died: duke and his army advanced to a fine mead, on the banks of the the more the pity. By this accident did he end his days. Among Dordlcgne, in his march to Castillon. the French, there was a knight from Berry or Limousin, named sir Under the command of the lord de Coucy were, sir Aymon de William de irgnac, an excellent man-at-arms, who this day performed Pommuiers, sir Tristan de Roye, the lords de Faignelles, de Jumont, manry gallant deeds. sir John de Rosay, sir Robert de Cleremont, and several other knights Thre comblat was sharp, and long continued on each side, close to and squires. They marched from their quarters, and continued the viltge of Yurac: when their lasnces failed, they drew their advancing imn company with the marshal of France and his troops swoLrds, and the attack was mirore vigorously renewed. Many feats until they arrived at the army of the duke, where they were received of prowess were performned, many captures mrade, and many rescued. with much satirfction. Of th-: Ernglish. l tin on tile spot, was a Gascon knight, called the lord In the road Castillon, there is a town called St. Foy: before de Germos and de Calais: of the French, Thibaut du Pont. This the vanguard airived at Castillon, they marched thither, and having battle was well anid long fought: miany handsome deeds were done, surrounded it, began to attack it briskly. This town had not any for thiev were, all men of valor: but in the end the English could not men-at-arms, and but trifling fortifications, so that it did not long gdnr tint fiid: tlhey were fairly conquered by the French. Sir Wil- defend itself. On its surrender, it was pillaged. The siege was tiain de ib:: captured wit h his own hand sir Thomas Feltor, s6n- formed before Castillon above the river, and continued for fifteen esch:l orf [.,-teaum:: nearlye at tet: saime time, the lords de Mucident, days: of course, there were many skirmishes at the barriers, for ie Dura-rn, ne einm, de Langurna, were also made prisoners. Few some English and Gascons had retreated thither after the battle of of the E=i glish or Gascons but were made prisoners or slain. Yurac, and defended themselves valiantly. The Gascon barons Tiose whsot c.:uld escape Iret, on their return toward Bordeaux, the who had been made prisoners at Yurac, were still in the French s6iie:eohal des Landres, sir WMillltr Ilehinan, the mayor of Bordeaux, camp, and in treaty to turn to the French party. Sir Thomas Fel. and sir John de Multon; ia. tr.e whole, about one hundred lances, ton was not solicited so to do, as he was an Englishman, but had his.,vha were hastening to Yurac; jtt, when they heard the news of so ransom fixed by his master, sir William de Lignac, to whom he paid comsptete a defeat, they wheelk t about, and returned as speedily as thirty thousand francs, and obtained his liberty: but this was not possible to Bordeaux. immediately settled. After much negotiating, the four Gascon barons turned to the French: they engaged, on their faith and honor, that themselves and their vassals would ever remain good French. men; for'whicih reason the duke of Anjoru gave threm their liberties. C H A P T E I II. The lords de Duras and de Roens left the duke with a good un derstanding, intending to visit their estates: the lords de Mucident =Z1mEt-EAO SORFLmNrEm~S TO TU-E DREmr OF X~3Otr. Trm LOIZtDS IE DURaAs and de Langurant remained with the army, and were graciously ANDr Or. RoEsi, AFTER. axv~arno PROMISED TO BEoF THE FR~enC rNTEA~n DIZ. ROSAIN, AFTOR HQTTOE ENG POMISH TO BE OF Ttreated by the duke of Anjou, with whom they frequently dined and R iT, REFTURN ACTAIN TO TX-IE ENGLISH. supped. The first-mentioned lords thought the duke very obliging in WY5Na this eingenrent was over and the field cleared, and all thus lightly allowing them to depart, which indeed he afterward, thone who had been made prisoners placed under a secure'guard, teyir set ort on their return to the siege carrying on at Bergerac. The *' Casthlon "-a town of rimm ne. election of Bordeaux. 230 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. repented, as he had good reason. These two lords, when on their By these means they marched and came befiore St. Bazille, a good road conversing together, said, "How can we serve the duke of An- town, which immediately surrendered, and put itself under the obedi. Iou and the French, when we have hitherto been loyal English? ence of the king of France. It witl be much better for us to deceive the duke of Anjou than the They then advanced to Montsegur,* which they attacked on their king of England, our natural lord, and who has always been so kind arrival, but did not gain it on this first attempt. They encamped and to us." This they adopted, and resolved to go to Bordeaux, to the refreshed themselves for the night. On the morrow, they prepared uneschal des Landes, sir William Helman, and assure him that thlir for the assault, and those within, seeing they were in earnest, began hearts would not suffer them to become good Frenchmen. The tA,) to be greatly alarmed, and called a council, wherein it was at last barons continued their journey to Bordeaux, where they were joy- determined that they would offer to surrender on having their lives fully received: for they had not then heard anything of their treaties and fortunes spared; and upon these terms they were received. with the duke of Anjou. The French marched away to another good walled town, situated The seneschal des Landes and the mayor of Bordeaux were in- between St. Macaire and La R&ole, called Auberoche. They were quisitive after news, and what sums they had paid for their ransoms. four days before they could gain it, which was done by capitulation. They said, that through constraint and threats of death, the duke of The French then advanced to St. Macaire Anjou had forced them to turn to the French: but added, " Gentle. men, we will truly tell you, that before we took the oath, we reserved in our hearts our faith to our natural lord the king of England; and, C H A P T E R V. for anything we have said or done, will we never become Frenchmen." The knights from England were much pleased with these THE DUKE OF ANJOU TAKES THE TOWN AND CASTLE OF ST. MACAIRE BY words, and they declared they had acquitted themselves loyally to- CAPITULATION-THE TOWN OF DURAS BY STORM, BUT TH CASTLE ward their lord. RECEIVES QUARTER. Five days afterwards, news was brought to the duke of Anjou and THE army of the duke of Anjou was daily increasing from all the army before Castillon, that the lords de Duras and de Rosem had quarters; for such knights and squires as were desirous of renown turned to the English, which very much astonished the duke, the came to wait on him, and to serve him. The siege was formed beconstable, and the other barons. The duke then sent to the lords de fore St. Macaire in a very handsome manner; for tffose men-at-arms Mucident and de Langurant, told them what he had heard, and asked had retreated thither who had quitted the garrisons which had surwhat they thought of it: these barons, who were exceedingly vexed, rendered. The town, therefore, had been greatly reinforced, and replied, "My lord, if they have broken their faith, we will not belie better guarded. There were many grand assaults and skirmishes, ours; and that which we have said and sworn to you we will loyally as well before the town as at the barriers. While the siege was going keep, nor shall the contrary be ever reproached to us; for by valor forward, the duke of Anjou and the constable of France ordered the. and gallant deeds of arms have your party conquered us, and we will leaders of the different corps to make excursions in various parts. therefore remain steady to our obedience to you." " I believe you Large detachments, therefore, set out, under the orders of the marshal firmly," said the duke of Anjou; c" and I swear by God first, and of France, sir Perceval de Marneil and sir William de Moncontour. then by my lord and brother, that on leaving this place, we will not These detachments remained for six days in the field, took several undertake any one thing before we have besieged the towns of Duras towns and small castles, and put all the surrounding country under and Rosem." Things remained in this state; that is to say, the duke the subjection of the king of France. None went out to oppose of Anjou much enraged at the conduct of the two Gascon barons, them, for the whole country was alm,,st empty of men-at-arms atand the siege continuing before Castillon. The town and castle of tached to the English, and the few who were there fled toward BorCastillon, on the L)ordogne, was a town and inheritance of the captal deaux. When they had finished tho'r expeditions, they returned to de Buch, whom the king of France had detained-in prison at Paris. the army. The inhabitants of St. Macaire knew well that they could not hold out for a long time: and the besiegers promised them every day, that if they suffered themselves to be taken by storm, they should all C H A P T ER IV. without mercy be put to death. They began to be doubtful lest their career might terminate in this cruel manner, and secretely opened CASTILTON, AND SEVERAL OTHER PLACES IN GASCON, SURRENDERO TO a treaty with the French to surrender, on their lives and fortunes *THE DUKE OF ANJOU. being spared. The men-at-arms in St. Macaire had intelligence of DURING the time Castillon was besieged, there was a great famine, this, and suspecting the inhabitants might perhaps form some treaty insomuch that for money there was difficulty in getting provisions. inimical to them, they retired into the castle, which was large and The French were forced to march twelve or fifteen leagues for forage strong, and built to stand a good siege, taking with them all their for the army, and in going and returning they ran great risks; for own wealth, and a good deal of pillage from the town. Upon this, there were many castles and English garrisons on the frontiers, from the inhabitants surrendered their town to the king of France. The whence they sallied forth and formed ambuscades; or they waited duke of Anjou received intelligence during the siege of St. Macaire, in the narrow passes and defiles; and whenever they found them- that his lady the duchess had been brought to bed of a son at Touselves the strongest, they fell upon the French foragers, killed and louse. The duke and the whole army were much rejoiced at this wounded them, and carried off their forage. For this reason, they event, and their warlike heroism was greatly increased. The mennever could forage but in large bodies. at-arms entered the town, for it had large and handsome houses, in The siege of Castillon was carried on with much vigor, and the which they refreshed themselves, as they had wherewithal, the town garrison so harassed by assaults and engines that they surrendered, being well provided with every sort of provision. on their lives and fortunes being spared. The men-at-arms marched The castle was surrounded on all sides, and engines erected before out, and as many more as chose to leave it, and went to St. Macaire,* it, which cast such large stones as greatly astonished the garrison. where there is a good castle and strong town. On the surrender of While this siege was carrying on, true intelligence was brought reCastillon, the duke of Anjou received the fealty and homage of the specting the lords de Duras and de Rosem, by two heralds, who inhabitants, and renewed the officers: he appointed as governor of declared they had turned to the English. On hearing this the duke it a knight from Touraine, called sir James de Montmartin. When said, " Let me but gain St. Macaire, and I will immediately march they were about to march from Castillon, they called a council to and lay siege to Duras." He ordered the attacks on the castle to be consider whither they should go next; and it was determined to renewed' with greater vigor, for he was not willing to leave it in his advance toward St. Marine; but, as several small forts were scat- rear. The garrison seeing themselves thus attacked, without any tered about the country before they could arrive there, it was not hopes of succor, and knowing that the duke and constable were thought proper to leave them in the rear on account of the foragers. determined to have them by fair or foul means, thought they should They therefore, on quitting Castillon, marched to Sauveterre,t which actawisely if they entered into a treaty, which they accomplished, and they besieged. delivered up the castle, on their lives and fortunes being spared, and Other intelligence was brought, respecting the lords de Duras and on being conducted to Bordeaux. Thus did the town and castle of de Rosern, different from what had been at first reported; that in St. Macaire become French. The duke of Anjou took possession truth they were at Bordeaux, but it was not known on what terms. of it, appointed a governor, and then decamped with his whole army, This news was spread through the army, and was so public as to taking the road toward Duras. come to the ears of the lords de Mucident and Langurant: they The army continued its march until it came before Duras, when mentioned it to the lord de Coucy and sir Peter de Bueil, whom they an attack was immediately ordered. The men-at-arms made themwere desirous to interest in excusing those knights, adding that it selves ready, and the cross-bowmen, well shielded, advanced to the was very simple to believe such tales so lightly told. They replied, toWvn; some of whom had provided themselves with ladders, in order they would villingly undertake to speak to the duke, who told them the more easily to scale the wvalls. This attack was very severe, and K sh)oulld be very happy to find the contrary true to what he had those who had mounted the walls fought hand to hand with their aeard. Thile affair remained in this state, and the siege of Sauve- opponents: so many gallant deeds were done by each party, that it terre continued. The town of Sauveterre held out only for three lasted the greater part of the day. When they had thus well fought days; for the knight who wvas governor surrendered it- to the duke, for a length of time, the marshals ordered the trumpets to sound a on condition of himself, his troops, with their fortunes, being spared. retreat, and every man retired to his quarters for the night. In the _mean time, sir Alain de la Haye, and sir Alain do St. Pol, arrived at St. Mncaire-a city in Guienne, on the Garonne, nine leage om Bordeaux. the army with a large troop of Bretons, who had marched toward ia.uvRterre- a town in Gascony, diocese of Commilge * A ilge inGasonecti of n. * A village in Glascony, election of Lands. CHRONICLES OF FNGLAIN D, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 231 Libourne,* and had attacked an English garrison at Cadilltac,- whichi amrliled it, they found it was marvellously strong, and said, that with. tsey had taken by storm, and slain all within it. out a very long siege, it would not be easily taken: on their return, On the morrow morning, the duke ordered the storming to be re. they related this to the duke of Anjou. " That does not signify," aew34, and that each man should exert himself to the utmost. He replied the duke, "for I have said and sworn, that I would not stir hal, 1 also proclaimed by a herald, that whoever should first enter from hence until I should havb this castle under my obedience." "And you shall not forswear yourself,"an. swered the constable.'-__-____ —__ - -'_; —?___........._ —:_ —_......... _ _= Engines were directly pointed against the Storming castle, as.they were ready on the spot, When those within —:s'eboard madesaw the great preparae tions that were makcr4 t] tow/( ing against themrn, as well by those in the inV 9J ~~~~~~~~~~town as by the Fre a h, tand hat the attack would be severe,'and./// ~,~,!iprobably fatal to them, they thought it adg e I/ nvisable to enter into.. I "f/trllf a negotiation They T Ile lord de ophended a treaty with Wi>;.: the constable, who his hand,u"'7~- an fuhtt ad oenelte ow hefagreed to spare their tl~ei f'H lives and fortunes on'?:dingl agI'I their surrendering the English. Tie od eLaguata I mucastle. The duke off'-or Anjou' was therefore advised by the constaHI~il iiti ble not to fatigue or 16mii!mi~11~~~~ii~~~lil hurt his men, but to grant them quarter, 11 r. r r the different towelsand castles which he did. On I,1~~~~~ II I; ii~iIthe third day they...Iri~irili~i'I'';! 7' iI dmarched out of the InIanotLer part, Sll'iI,\i Tlista de and Sir Hilleval d' lcastle, and were conducted whither they Storming of Duras. From a MS. of Froissart of the fiteeth century. wished to go, and the constable took posses. sion of it; but I be. Darms should receive five hundred francs. The desire of gaining lieve that the duke of Anjou ordered it to be razed to the ground. mis reward made many poor companions come forward. Ladders were placed against the walls in various places, and the attack began in earnest; for the young knights and squires, who were eager for re. Down, did not spare themselves, but fought with a thorough good will. R V The lord de Langurant had ascended a ladder, with a sword in THE DUKE OF ANJOU RETURNS TO THE DUCHESS AT TOULOUSE, AND THE his hand, and fought hard to enter the town the first, not indeed for CONSTABLE TO THE KING OF FRANCE. EvAN OF WALES LAYS SIEmG the five hundred fiancs, but to illustrate his name; for he was ex- To tORTAIN SUR-MER. ceedingly angry that the lord de Duras had so lightly turned to the AFTER the conquest of the town and castle of Duras, the English. The lord de Langurant, as I must say, performed such duke of Anjou ordered sir John do Jumont, sir Tristan de Roye, deeds that his own people as well as strangers were quite astonished I and sir John do Rosay, to remain in the town of Landurant,* (for therewith, and advanced so far that his life was in great jeopardy; the lord of it had turned to the French since he had been made for those withinside the walls tore off the helmet from his head, and prisoner at the battle of Yurac,) with one hundred good spears to with it the hood, so that he would inevitably have been slain, if his guard the frontiers against the Bordelois: he himself wished to e. own squire, who followed him close, had not covered him with his urn o Toulouseto see his duches, who had been delivered of a turn to Toulouseto see his duchess, who had been delivered of target. The knight descended the ladder by degrees, but he received handsome boy, for be was desirous of holding a grand feastsat Ton.. in his descent several heavy blows on the target. He was much louse to celebrate this event. He therefore orderedmen-at-arms to esteemed for this assault, by all those who saw him. the different towns and castles which he had conquered. On disIn another part, sir Tristan de Roye and sir Perceval d'Ayvenal, missing Evan of Wales, he said to him: "You will, take under your mounted on ladders, fought most valorously; and also sir John de command the Bretons, Poitevins and Angevins, with whom you will Jumont and sir John de Rosay, where each for his part did wonders march into Poitou, and lay siege to Mortainfsur-mer, which the lord in arms. On the battlements was the lord de Seriel, mounted on a de l'Estradet holds; and do not quit the place for any orders you may ladder, fighting gallantly hand to hand with those on the inside; and receive in the king's name until you have had possession of it;. all who saw him said, that if any one was likely to have the advn. for it is a garrison that has done us much mischief." " My lord,". tage of first entering the town, he was in the road so to do. This replied Evan, "as far as it shall be in my power I will loyally obey knight did not thus adventure himself for profit, but for glory: how- you." The duke, the constable, and the lord do Coucy, then ordered ever, as fortune is hazardous, he was struck down with such force by all those who were to accompany Evan into Poito. Upon this full. a sword, that he tumbled into the ditch, and broke his neck. In five hundred good men-at-arms left the dulke, and took the road to suchwise died this knight. The same fate attended a squire from Saintonge, in order to advance toward St. Jean d'Angely. Brittany, who bore for his arms two chevrons gules, chequered with The duke of Anjo, the constable of Prance, the lord de Coucy,, or, argent, and azur. This vexed the constable so much that he the marshal of France, sir John and sir Peter do Bucil, returned to ordered the assailants to be reinforced, and the fight continued with Toulouse, where they found the duchess newly recovered from her more vigor than before. The lord do Mucident proved himself an lying-in. On this event there were very great' rejoicings and feast — able knight, and showed he was indeed a Frenchman from the man- ings at Toulouse. The constable and the lord do Coucy then rener in which he assaulted. turned to Paris: the marshal de Sancerre into Auvergne, to assist/ The town of Duras was taken by storm, and the first persons who the dauphin of Auvergne and the barons of thatcountry, who were' entered it were sir Tristran de Roye and sir John de Rosay. When carrying on the war against the English that had remained in Limon. the men-at-arms in Duras saw that the town must be lost, they retreated sin, Rouergue, and on the borders of Auvergnc. into the castle, leaving the rest to its fate. Thus was Duras taken, Let us now say somethini of Evan of Wales, how he laid siege and all found in it were put to dBath. The men-at.arms retired to at this season to Mortain, and how he harassed its garrison. Evan of their quarters, where they disarmed themselves, and took their ease, Wales, being desirous of obeying the orders of the duke of Anjou. having plenty of provision with them. (for he knew well that whatever the duke did was by the directions. marshal, mounted their horses, and rode to the castle to reconnoitre, and ste on which side they could best attack it. Having well ox. * "Landursnt"-shouldbe Landiras-a town in Guiennex nearBordaux. WiI-.a ~ "Liboumne" —a city of Gueinne on the Dardogne, ten leagues from Bordeaux. Shsalton was lord of Landiras-See RoLLE-s " Gasconaes."Cagdiilac"-a town in Guienne, seven leagues from Bordeaux. t The souldich de l'Estrade. —See AasTu, 132 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. the different expeditions he had made) had advanced as far as selves, and sent a spy to observe the state of the castle. The spy Saintes. He had halted to refresh himself and his companions in entered it as far as the ditches, wherein there was not any water, noi that rich country between Saintes and Poitou, and in the beautiful indeed could any be' retained in them, for they were of moving meads which are on the banks of the rivers in those parts. Many sands: he looked about him on all sides, but did not see a soul: upon knights and squires of Poitou were with him, such as the lords de which, he returned back to his masters. Alexander Ramsay directly Pons, de Touars, de Vivarois, the lord James de Sargeres, and seve- advanced with his companions, without speaking a word, and passed ral more. On the other hand, from Brittany and Normandy, were the ditches: they had brought good ladders with them, which they sir Maurice de Trisiquedi, sir Alain de la Houssaye, sir Alain de St. placed against the walls. Alexander was the first who mounted them Pol, sir Perceval d'Ayneval, sir William de Moncontour, the lord sword in hand, and entered the castle followed by his men without de Monmor, and Morelet his brother. These troops, when ordered, opposition. marched away, and laid siege to Mortain. The castle is situated on When they had all entered, they hastened to the great tower where the Garonne, near to and below its embouchure with the sea: it is sir Robert Boynton slept, and began to cut down the door of it with the handsomest and strongest fort in all the borders of the countries the axes they had brought. The governor was suddenly awakened: of Poitou, la Rochelle, and Saintonge. he had slept all the night, and kept but a poor watch, for which he When Evan of Wales, the barons and knights, were arrived there, paid dear. He heard the door of his chamber broken, and thought they formed the siege very prudently, and provided themselves by it might be done by some of his own men who wanted to murder little and little with everything they wanted; for they were well him, because he had quarreled with them the preceding week. aware that they could never conquer the castle by storm, but that it With this idea, he opened a window which looked on the ditches, must be won by distressing the garrison with famine and a long leaped out of it without further consideration, and thus broke his blockade. Evan, therefore, ordered four block-houses to be erected, neck and died on the spot. The guards of the castle, who toward so that no provision could enter the place by sea or by land. daybreak had been asleep, awakened by his groans, found the castle At times, the young knights and squires who wished to display had been scaled and taken: they began to sound their trumpets, and theio courage, advanced to the barriers of the castle, and skirmished to cry out, "Treason! treason!" with the garrison. Many gallant deeds were there performed. There' John Bisset, the governor of Berwick, on hearing their cries, armed was a knight in Mortain called the souldich, who was from Gascony, himself, as well as all the able men of the town, and advanced toa valiant knight and able man-at-arms, whose orders they obeyed as ward the castle, when they plainly heard the noise of the Scots; but if he had been their governor. The castle was plentifully supplied they could not gain entrance, for the gates were shut, and the drawwith wines and provision, but they were in great want of several bridge raised. Upon this, John Bisset, having considered a short,smaller necessaries. time, said to those with him: "Come quickly: let us break down the supports of the bridge, so that none can sally out, nor get away without danger from us." C H A P T E R V I I. They soon got hatchets and wedges, and the supports of the gate KING CHARLES OF FRANCE INSTIGATES THE SCOTS TO MAKE WAR ON next the town were destroyed. John Bisset sent off a messenge' to ENGLAND. THE SCOTS TAKE THE CASTLE OF ]3ERWICK. the lord Percy at Aluwick, which is but twelve leagues off, to reKING Charles of France, notwithstanding he always resided at quest he would come immediately to his assistance with all his forces, Paris, or at various other places in France which pleased him more, for that Berwick catle had been taken by theScots. He also said to Thomnella Fr~iant," who was the pers~on hie sent: "Tell my lord and that he never bore arms himself, kept up a very sharp war against to To rnelin Friant,* who was the person he sent: " Tell my lord his enemnies the English. He had formed alliances, as well in the empire of PeCy the state you have left me i, and how the Scots are shut as with-the adjoining kingdoms, in a greater degree than the four or up in the castle, and cannot get away, unless they leap the walls; s t3 let~~~~~~~~~~u him theastle, n hanotge awyunes they eas the waossibl s(~ five preceding kings of France had ever done. He paid great atten. let him hasten here as fast as he possibly c. tions to all from whom he thought he should derive any assistance; Alexander Rarmsay and his men having scaled the castle of Bar. and because king Richard of England was young, and his kingdom wick, thought they had done wonders, as in truth they had: they unsettled, he had sent to renew his alliance with the Scots, and with ould hae been masters of the town if oh Bisset ha not ted their king, Robert Stuart, who had succeeded his uncle kling David so prudently, and slain whomever they pleased, or shut them o-p in Bruce, and to excite them to make war upon the English, so that the tower, for such was their intention: they said, "tLet us now go they should be disabled from crossing the seas. Upon this, king into the town; it is ours; and seize all the riches, which we will Robert, after the death of Edward and the, coronation of Richard,no Robert, after the death of Edward and the coronation of ichard make the good men of the town carry away for us, and then we will assembled his council at Edinburgh, where he had summoned the set fire to it, for it cannot now mle ay resistance: in three o four greater part of those barons and knights from whom he looked days' time, succors will come from Scotland, so that we shall save for assistance. He remonstrated with them against~the English for all our pillage: and on our departure we will set the castle on fire, having in former times done them much mischief by burning their and by these means repay oar hosts." All his companions assented, an-ytee meagserea o rhs."Arlhscmpnos assntd country, razing their castles, killing and ransoming the inhabitants: fo they were eager for gain. hey tightened on their arms, and 0 c~~fr eahe werased aseaer, for ai.They tihadfoned olntn thei carstl, and, that the time was now arrived when they might revenge themselves each grasped a spear, fr they had found plety in the castle, and, eachth grasped lsetr dorn they hrawrdg Whndpentyi the bastle, was for all these disgraces; as king Edward was deceased, who had been opening tile gate, let down the draw-bridge. When the bridge was so successful against them, and a young king was no on the let down; the chains which supported it broke; for the pillars on thronesu gis hm n on igw sno ontewhich it should have rested were destroyed, and the planks carried The barons of Scotland and the young knights present, being de- into the town. Wrhen John Bisset, and the inhabitants there assem si brons of Sctandvancin themsle yong rknighthe injrieset being the. sirus of advancing themselves and.revengg the ijues which the bled, saw them, they began shouting out, " Oh what, are you thereI English had formerly done to their country, replied unanimously, that kee where yo are, r you shll not go awy for a certainy with they were willing and prepared to invade England, either to-day or ut our permission." to-morrow, or whenever he pleased. This answer was very agree- Alexander Ramsay, seeing their appearance, soon found they in. able to the king of Scotland, who returned them his thanks for it. tended to keep them confined in the castle, and that they must get Four earls were appointed captains of the men-at-arms; namely, the away as well as they could: he therefore shut the gates, to avoid earl of Douglas, the earl of Moray, the earl of Mar and the earl of their arrows, and ordered his people to inclose themselves within,'Sutherland; sir Archibald Douglas constable of Scotland, and sir intending to defend the cstle. They flung l the dead into the Robert de Versi" marshal of the whole army. ditches, and shut up the prisoners in a tower. They thought the Su onses were immediately issued for the assembling of the place was full strong enough to hold out until succors should come forces by a certain day in the Merse,tf which is the country border- from Sotland, for the barons and tnights were asseblig il the ing on England. While this summons was obeying, a valiant squire Mrse and in that neihbohood the eal of Douglas had even left of -Scotland, named Alexander Ramsay, set off with forty men from Dalkeith, and arrived at Dunbar. We will now return to the squire his company, determined to perform a gallant enterprise. They were whom John Bisset sent to Aluwick, and speak of his arrival, and of thenormatiohn hiec sven to Athie adsearl of Nrhismarrvland d all well mounted, and, having rode the whole night through bye- the information gave to the arl of Northumberlnd. roads, came to Berwick nearly at daybreak. A squire attached to,the earl of Northumberland, called William Bisset, was governor of r~&e'town of Berwick; and a very able knight, called sir Robert C H A P T E R VI I I.:Abeton,t was constable of -the castle. 2AbeaonS was constable of' the castle. TTHE EARL oF NORTHUMBERLAND RETAKES THE CASTLE OF BERWICK. When the Scots were arrived near Berwick, they concealed them- TEAL F MEhA uT he A A WICK THOiTELIN Friant made haste until he arrived at Alnwick, and ~ *..Sir Robert de Versi." Q. t The Marches.-[ED. entered the castle from the knowledge he had of it; for it was so "Sir RobertAbeton" —sir Robert Boynton. Dr Fuller, in his history ofBerwick, 1799, early that the earl of Northumberland was clot out of bed. Having a, " that seven intrepid Scotsmen in 1377 took possession of Berwick castle by storm in arrived at his bedside to speak to him, for the business was very the night, and continued masters of it far eight days, tilough it was besieged by seven' thousand English archers and three thousand cavalry, and onlF lost two of their cum- pressing, he said: "My lord, the Scots have this mornhig taken Bery ~ her, which had increased to forty-eight when they were subdued. Notwithstanding this wick castle by surprise; and the governor of the town sends me to!..heroic achievement, they were all put to the sword. inform you of it, as you are the lieutenant of all these countries," " Upon entering the castle, they killed the governor, sir Robert Boynton, but liberated I'his laity for twa thousaunt marks. When the earl heard this news, ho made every possible haste ~o order Whsen the'earof Northunberland summoned theseheroestosurrender, they b ol dly succor to Berwick: he sent off letters and messengers to all knights,,~pice' and squires of Northumberland, and to those from whom he expected' Voat they would'not yield it either to the kings of England or Scotland, but Weld any assistance, desiring them to repair to Berwick without delay, and',4ain and defendit for the kring of Franes."'No emtihoritly i. mentioned. * "Thomelin Frint." Q.. CHRONIC LES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, 2ac. 233 informing them that he was marching thither to besiege the Scots, we have fully reconnoitered them: we can tell you, they are waiting who had conquered the castle. for you, drawn up in two handsome battalions, on the plain before This summons was soon spread over the country, and every man- the town: each battalion may consist of five thousand men: you at-arms, knight, squire, and cross-bowman, left their houses. The will therefore consider this well. We approached them so close that lord Neville, the lord Lucy, the lord Gastop,* the lord Stafford, the they knew us for Scots scouts; but they made not the smallest at. lord de Blelles,t the governor of Newcastle, and a right valiant and tempt to break their line to pursue us." expert man-at-arms, called sir Thomas Musgrave, were there; but the When sir Archibald Douglas and the Scots knights heard this earl of Northumberland first arrived at Berwick with his people; and account, they were quite melancholy, and said, "We cannot think it will be any way profitable for us to advance further to meet the English; for they are tell to one,.... __....'.:=.-.-:-Y-:-:- - and all tried men: we may lose ___________________ more than we can gain: ant! a _______ ________-___________ _ -foolish enterprise is never good,......... - band such is what Alexander Ramsay has performed." Sir'. J ~ William Lindsay, a valiant knight ________________________..and uncle to Alexander Ramsay, __ Jtook great pains to persuade them "- - ___________to succor his nephew, saying, )J4 " "Gentlemen, my nephew, in con_"i~ ______1 _l______ __fidence of your assistance, has'H ia: rperformed this gallant deed, and 1 <'-' I taken Berwick castle. It will:~,turn to your great shame, if he should be lost, and none of our family in future will thus boldly -..;',.::.adventure themselves." Those present answered, h "That they 4-ides -' tha a irdcould not amend it, tand that the The inglish began to form many gallant men who were there could not be expected to Intllienc wrisk their own destruction in the attempt to prevent a single.c~~~-~____ -squire from being made prisoner." It was therefore dete:. d e t e rmined tomachhihr~aie heseg, ndrmined to retreat further up in their own country among the mountains near the river Tweed, whither they marched in good c-ause himtoundrtke ndexeut sobod.feC*:ai~t as the ta order and at their leisure. ALNVnCcK CASTLE. From an ornginal drwmin. When the earls of Northurn. berland and Nottingham, and the other barons of England, fbund orces daily came thither from all parts. They were in the whole the Scots were not advancing, they sent off scouts to inquire what about ten thousand men, who surrounded the castle so closely on all was become of them, who brought back intelligence that they had sides that a bird could not have escaped from it without being seen. retreated toward the Merse beyond the castle of Roxbiurgh.*,On The English began to form mines, the sooner to accomplish their hearing this, each man retired quietly to his quarters, w here they purpose against the Scots and regain the castle. kept a strict guard until the morrow morning about six o'clock, when Intelligence was brought to the barons and knights of Scotland, they all made themselves ready for the attack of the castle. The that the earl of Northumberland, with the chivalry of that country, assault immediately began: it was very severe, and continued until were besieging their countrymen in Berwick castle: they therefore the afternoon. Never did so few nien as the Sc rits defendw thedeternined to maich thither, raise the siege, and reinforce the castle, selves so well, nor wan ever castle so briskly attacked; for there for they considered what Alexander Ramsay had performed as a were ladders raised against different parts of the walls, on which most gailant achievement. Sir Archibald Douglas, the constable, men-at-arms ascended with targets over their heads, and fought arnd said, "Alexander is my cousin, and it is his high birth that has to hand with the Scots. In consequence, many were struck down caused him to undertake and execute so bold a.feat as the taking of and hurled into the ditches. What most annoyed the Scots were the Berwick castle; it behoves us to do all in our power to assist him in English archers, who shot so briskly that scarcely any one dared to this business, and if we can raise the siege it will be to us of great appear on the bulwarks, This assault was continued Iuti the Engalue: I am of' opinion, therefore, that we march thither." He im- isht entered the castle, when they began to slay all they could lay mediately ordered part of the army to remnain behind, and the rest to hands on: none escaped death except Alexander Ra msay, who was advance toward Berwick. He chose five hundred lances fromn the made prisoner by the earl of Northumberland. flower of the Scots army, and set off well mounted and in good order, In this manner was Berwick regained. The earl of Northumbertaking the road to Berwick. land appointed John Bisset constable thereof, a very valiant squire, The English, who were before Berwick with ten thousand men, through whose means, as you have already heard, it had been reincluding archers, soon heard how the Scots intended to raise the conquered. He had every part of it repaired, and the bridge which siege and reinforce the garrison: they called a council, and resolved he had broken down restored. to extend their ground, to wait for them and offer battle, as they were anxious to meet them. The earl of Northumberland ordered all to prepare themselves, and march into the plain to be nmustered, C H A P T E R I X. when they were found to amount to full three thousand men-at-arms THE EARLS OF NORTHUMBERLAND AND NOTTINRIAM EtTEit SCOTLAND and seven thousand archers. When the earl saw his army so nu.- WIT A LARG ARY. merous, he said, "Let us keep to this ground, for we are able to combat all the force Scotland can send against us." They encamped AFTER the recapture of Berwick castle, the earls of Northumberon an extensive heath, without the walls of Berwick, in two battal- land ad Nottinham, the two mot poerful barons of the a;, ions, and in good array. determined to make an excuriion after their enemies, and if they This had been scarcely done an hour before they perceived some could find them to ofnbr them battle. As they had resolved, F-i did of the scouts of the Scots army advancing, but too well mounted to tey execute: early o a monig they marched away tin they execte: Weayn anthey hdmarched abou t._ be attacked by the English: however, some English knights and rod to Roxburg uphen they had marched about squires would have been glad to have quitted their lines to hav three leagues, they cll a council, and the two es tch t checked their career, but the earl said, "Let them alone, and allow advisable to send a detnchment to MVelrose, a large monasr f their main body to come up: if they have any inclination for the black monks, situated on the Tweed, which is the boundarl oh 4'e combat, they Will themselves advance nearer to us." The English two kingdoms, to know if any Scots welying ther 4 on r in usremained very quiet, so that the Scots scouts came so close they biscade; while they with the main body would march into d'i were able to reconnoiter their two battalions and judge of how many Merse; by which means they would not fail of heaung Ense news men they were composed. When they had sufficiently observed of the Scott. Thai valiant knight sir Thomas Musgu~ e was op. them, they returned to their lords, and related what they had seen, pointed comander of this detachment itconsisted of thee hun aaying, "My lords, we have'advanced so near to the English that dred men-at-arms and as many archers. They loft the niy v~hicn,'"Gastoy.". t" Blelles." Q. Bellasia. * There seems some mistake of geogrsaphy here. 234 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. on the separation, took a different route, one marching to the right order, and in handsome array. The Scots knights had received im and the other to the left. Sir Thomas and his son rode on to Mel- formation from their foragers of their enemies being near: they there. rose, where they arrived at an early hour, and took up their quarters, fore made all haste to refresh their horses, to arm and draw them. o refresh themselves and their horses, as well as to make inquiries selves up in order of battle, alongside and under cover of the wood. after the Scottish army. They were full seven hundred lances, and two thousand others, They ordered two of their squires, well mounld, to ride over the whom I call lusty varlets, armed with hunting spears, dirks, and country, to endeavor to find out the situation of the Scots, and in pointed staves. The lord Archibald Douglas and his cousin the ear1 what order they were. These two squires, on leaving their com- of Douglas said, "We cannot fail to have some business since the manders, continued their route until they fell into an ambuscade of English are abroad: let us therefore be on our guard, for we vill the Scots, commanded by sir William Lindsay, who had posted him- fight with them if the parties be nearly equal." They sent two f self in hopes of meeting with some adventure, and to hear news of their men-at-arms to observe the order of the English, while they Berwick, and also what had been the fate of his nephew, Alexander remained snug in their ambush. Ramsay, and into whose hands he had fallen: this he was very anxious to learn: he had with him about forty lances. The English were seized immediately on their entering this ambush, which gave the C H A P T E R X. knight very great pleasure. He demanded from them whence they si THOMAS MUSCRAVE AND THE ENGLISH UNDER ISIS COMMAND ARE D]. came: but they were afraid of speaking, lest they should betray their FEATED BY TIE SCOTS. masters: however, they were forced to be explicit, for the knight as- Si Thomas Musgrave and the knights of Northumberland, being sured them that he would have them beheaded, if they did not truly desiro us of meetingrav t he Scot s on equal terms, s et out from Mein. answe all he qestios heshoul putto thm. ydesirous of meeting the Scots on equal terms, set out from Mel.. answer all the questions he should put to them. When things became so serious, and thew saw no means of es- rose, and took the road to Morlaine: they left the Tweed on their the castle of Berwik had been regained, left hand, and, by an ascending road, made for a mountain called cuping, they related how the castle of Berwick had been regained St. Giles.* and all found within put to death except Alexander Ramsay: they afterwards told how the earls of Northumberland and Nottingham Two Scots scouts were posted there, who, having well considered were marching alon Tweedside in search of the Scots, and how sir the English, immediately set off to their own troops, and related their wereD - ~~~~~~observations on the English; in what order they were marching, and Thomas Musgrave, his son, sir John Seton, and sir Richard Breton, that they had only seen three banners and ten pennons. The Scots with three hundred spears and as many archers, were lodged in the abbey of Melrose, and that these knights had sent them out to dis were highly pleased with this intelligence, and said with a hearty cover where the Scots were. " By my troth," replied sir William good will, "In the name of God and St. Giles, let us march toward Lindsay, "1 you have found us, and you will now remain with us.", them, for they must be our prisoners." They then shouted their warThey wrt taeasdadgv uptsoeothicry, which I think was, "Douglas, St. Giles!" They had not adThey were then taken aside, and given up to some of their corpanions, with orders to guard them well under penalty of their lives. Sir vanced half a league before both armies came in sight, and each knew setofo o i a combat was unavoidable. Upon this the earl of Douglas knighted William Lindsay instantly sent off sne of his menatarm, saying, his son, and sir James Douglas displayed his banner. He also "Ride to our main army, and tell them all you have heard, and the knighted the lord Robert and lord David, sons of the king of Scot situation of the English: I will remain here until morning, to see if land, who in like manner displayed their banners. There were mac land, who in like manner displayed their banners. There were made anything else may happen." on the spot about thirty knights in the Scottish army, and one from This man-at-arms rode on until he came to a large village beyond Swede Sweden, called sir George de Besmede, who bore on a shield argenl Morlaine,* which is called Hondebray,t situated on the Tweed, a mill-iron glles with an indented bordure gules. among the mountains, where there were large meads and a plentiful had qaedhslsh On the other hand, sir Thomas Musgrave made his son Thomas a country; for which reason the Scots knight, with others of his household. The lord Stafford and lord knight, with others of his household. Telr tfodadlr Toward evening, the squire arrived; and, as they knew he had Gascoyn made some likewise. They drew out their archers, posting brought some intelligence, he was conducted to the earls of Douglas, them on their wings; and, tlis day, the English cry was, Our Murray, Sutherland, and to sir Archibald Douglas, to whom he re. the w Theengagement then commenced with vigor, lated all you have just read. The Scots were much vexed on hear- Lady of Arlestone!" The engagem ne c menced with vigor, ~ing o heatr fBrikcslbtte eercnie yand the archers by their shooting confounded the men-at-arms; but ing of the recapture of Berwick castle, but they were reconciled by the Scots were in such numbers, the archers could not be everyxhe news of sir Thomas Musgrave and the other English knights where There were between the knights and squires many a tilt being quartered at Melrose. They determined to march instantly, and gallant deed performed, by which several were unhorse Sir and nak up romthe forthelossof ner- gallant deed performed,'by which several were unhorsed. Sir to dislodge their enemies, and make up from them for the loss ofBer- Archibald Douglas was a good knight, and much feared by his ene. wick. They armed themselves, saddled their horses, and left Ha- mies: when near to the English, he dismounted, and wielded before dingtoun, advancing to the right of Melrose, for they were well i es whe ea o els on, wi him an immense sword, whose blade was two ells long, which acquainted with the country, and arrived a little before midnight. scarcely another could have lifted from the ground, but he found no But it then beo-an to- rain very heavily, and with such a violent wind acl nte oldhv itdi~mte rud u efudn But it thenbgn ntorain very heavily, and with such a violent wind difficulty in handling it, and gave such terrible strokes, that all on in their faces that there were none so stout but was overpowered by whom they fell were struck to the ground; and there were none so the storm, so that they could scarcely guide their horses: the pages hardy among the English able to withstand his blows. suffered so much from the cold, and their comfortless situation, that The battle was sharp and well fought as long as it lasted; but that they could not carry the spears, but let them fall to the ground: they was not any length of time, for the Scots were three to one, and men also separated from their companions, and lost their way. of tried valor. I do not say but the English defended themselves The advanced guard had halted, by orders of the constable, at the valiantly: in the end, however, they were defeated, and sir Thomas entrance of a large wood, through which itwas necessary for them to Musgrave, his son, with several other knights and squires, made pass; for some knights and squires who had been long used to arms prisoners. The Scots took seven score good prisoners; and the parsaid, they were advancing foolishly, and that itwas not proper to con- suit lasted as far as the river Tweed, where numbers were slain. tinue their course in such weather, and at so late an hour, as they ran The Scots, after this victory, resolved to march straight to Edin. a risk of losing more than they could gain. They therefore concealed burgh, as they learnt from their prisoners that the earls of Northumthemselves and their horses under oalks and other large trees until it berland and Nottingham were in the neighborhood on the other side was day. It was a long time before they could make any fire from of the Tweed, on their road to Roxburgh, and that they were in suffi their flints and wet wood: however, they did succeed, and several cient numbers to engage with all the force the Scots could bring large fires were made: for the cold and rain lasted until' sunrise, but against them: on which accounll they thought they might as web it continued to drizzle until the' hour' of six. Between six and nine abandon the ir expedition, in order to save themselves and guard'clock, the day heanto got somewhat warmer, the sun to shineand abandon their expedition, in order to save themselves and guard lock, te day bean to get somewhat warmer, te sun to shine, and their prisoners. They had wisely determined to retreat without the larks to sing. The leaders then assembled to considerwhat was the larks to sin. The leaders then assembled to cosiderwhat was making any halt; for, had they returned that evening to their former best to be done, for they had failed in their intentions of arriving at quarters, they would have run arisk of being conquered, as I shall Melrose during the night. They resolved to breakfast in the open now relate. M ~~~~~~~~~~~now relate. fields on what they had, to refresh themselves and horses, and send When the earls of orthumberland and Nottinghm, and the other When the earls of Northumberland and Nottingham, and the other out parties to forage. This was executed, and the greater part of barons of England, had separated from sir Thomas Musgrave, they their foragers spread themselves over the country and the adjacent advanced directly toward Roxburgh. They learnt from their spies, villages. They brought hay and corn for the horses, and provision that the Scots, whom they were seeking to fight with, were quarfor their masters. tered at Hondebray, which pleased them much, and they resolved to It happened th~t the English quartered in the abbey of Melrose have a skirmish with them: they were marching thither that same had that morning sent out their foragers, so that the two parties met, night the enemy had left it: but it rained so hard that they could ad the English had not the advantage: several of their party were not accomplish their purpose: they therefore took up their quarters ilain and wounded, and their forage seized. When sir Thomlas in the woods until the morrow, when they again sent out their scouts Musgrave and the English knights in Melrose heard of it, theyknew to find where the Scots were, who returned, saying that they could the Scots were not far distant: they ordered their trumpets to sound, not see anything of them. They then determined to advance to. and their horses to be saddled, while they armed themselves, for they ward Melrose, in order to gain intelligence of sir Thomas Musgrave were determined to take the field. They left the abbey in good and his companions. When they had dined, they marched along Tweedside, on their way thither, and sent scouts over the river to e " Morlaine." Lambirlar. —M'Pn.nsor's Geog'raphical Illustrations of Scottish learn some news of them.,"onlebray." "It seems ladinsgtoun; and, if so, the river ought to be Tyne." M'Pnimsos's Geographical Illustrations *" St Giles." Q. this mountain. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 23b After the defeat on the plains of St. Giles, which 1 have just re- riviera orf Genoa and on all the roads. He told his brethren the car. [ated. the scouts met several of their fellow-soldiers flying like men dinals to provide for themselves; for, being resolved to go to Rome, discomfited, who told them as much as they knew of the battle. he should certainly set out. On hearing this, the caxdinals were Upon this, they returned, and with them the runaways, who related much surprised and vexed; for they remembered the Romans, and truly what had passed between the English and Scots: they well would willingly have turned him from taking this journey, but they knew they had been defeated, but were ignorant who had been could not succeed. killed or who madeprisoners. The lords of Northumberland, on When the king of France was informed of it, he was in a violent nearing this unfortunate intelligence, were very melancholy, and passion; for when at Avignon he had him more under his power with reason. They had two causes for vexation; for having lost the than anywhere else. He wrote, therefore, directly to his brother battle, and for having missed finding the Scots, whom they had been the duke of Anjou, at Toulouse, signifying, that on the receipt of the in search of. letter, he should set out for Avignon, and endeavor, by talking to the A numerous council was assembled in the field, whether or not pope, to make him give up his intended journey. The duke of Anjou to pursue the Scots; but as they did not know which way they had did what the king had ordered, and went to Avignon, where he was marched, and night approaching, they resolved to make for Melrose, received with great respect by the cardinals. He took up his lodgings and fix their quarters there. Before they could accomplish their march in the palace of the pope, that he might have more frequent opporto Melrose, they heard the truth of the event of the battle; that sir tunities of conversing with him. You may easily imagine that he Thomas Musgrave, his son, with seven score men-at-arms, had been acquitted himself ably in the different conversations he had with the made prisoners by the Scots, who were carrying them off, and had pope, to dissuade him from his intentions of going to Rome; but he taken the road to Edinburgh. These barons then found that they would not listen to him on this subject, nor give up anything that must submit to their loss, for help it they could not. They passed related to the affairs beyond the Alps: he ordered, however, four the right as well as they were able, and on the morrow they de- cardinals to remain at Avignon; to whom he gave full powers for camped, when the earl of Northumberland gave permission for every them to act in all respects, excepting some papal cases, which he had one to return to his home: he himself retired into his own country. not the power to delegate out of his own hands. When the duke Thus was this expedition put an end to. The Scots returned to found that neither reason nor entreaties could prevail with his holiEdinburgh, but not all, for the earl of Douglas and his son took the ness to remain where he was, he took leave of him, and said at hMis road to Dalkeith. This great success which they had obtained was departure, "Holy father, you ares going into a country, and among a great novelty for Scotland. The knights and squires treated their people by whom you are but litthe loved. You leave the fountain of prisoners handsomely, ransomed them courteous_,; and did with faith, and a kingdom wherein the church has more piety and excel. them the best they could. We will now leave off speaking of the lence than in all the rest of the world. By this action of yours, the Scots, and relate other events which happened in France. church may fall into great tribulation; for should you die in that country (which is but too probable, as your physicians declare,) these Romans, who are a strange people and traitors, will be lords and C H A P T E R XI. masters of all the cardinals, whom they will force to elect a pope according to their wishes." TItE DEATHS OF THE QUEENS OF FRANCE AND OF NAVARRE, AND THE Notwithstanding these speeches and reasons, he would not put off RENEWVAL OF THE fEUDS BETWEEN THEIR TWVO HUSBANDS. Ntihtnigteesece n esnh ol o u f RENE L OF TE FEUDS BETWEN THEIR TWO HUSBANDS. his journey, but set out and arrived at Marseilles, where the galleys Tis year, in the month of February, the queen of France died, of Genoa had been ordered to wait for him. The duke of Anjou and, as the physicians said, by her own fault. She was with child returned to Toulouse.* Pope Gregory embarked at Marseilles with of the lady Catherine, who was afterwards duchess of Berry.* The a numerous attendance, and a favorable wind landed him at Genoa. queen, as I -have before said, was not very far advanced in preg- After having revictualled his galleys, he again embarked, and, maknancy; but the doctors had forbidden her bathing, as being full of ing sail for Rome, disembarked not far from it. You must know, danger: however, she would persist and continued using baths, that the Romans were exceedingly rejolced at his arrival: the consuls which brought on a mortal disorder. King Charles of France never and all the principal nobility of Rome went out to meet him on horsemarried again. Soon after the death of the queen of France, the back with great pomp, and conducted him with triumph into that queen of Navarre died also. She was sister-german to the king of city. He took up his residence in the Vatican, and often visited a France. Upon her death disputes arose among the lawyers of the church within Rome which he was much attached to, and to which county of Evreux in Normandy: thley said, that that county was, he had made many considerable additions: it was called Santa Maria by rightful succession from the mother, devolved to the children of Maggiore. He died soon after his arrival, in this same church, in the king of Navarre, who were separated from him, under age, and which he was buried, and there lies. His obsequies were performed in the guardianship of king Charles their uncle. in a magnificent manner, as was becoming s. eminent'a personage. King Charles of Navarre was so much suspected of having caused, The cardinals, shortly after the death of pope Gregory, assembled in former times, many ills to France, that he was not thought worthy in conclave at the Vatican. As soon as they had met to elect a of possessing any inheritance in that kingdom under the name of his pope, according to the usual modes, who might be worthy and of children. The constable of France, therefore, returned from Aqui- service to the church, the Romans collected in great numbers, in the taine, where he had been a considerable time with the duke of An- suburbs of St. Peter: they were, including all sorts, upward of thirty jou, and brought with him the lord of Mucident, that he might see thousand, encouraging each other to do mischief, if things did not the king and become acquainted with him. The constable was re- go according to their wishes. They came frequently before the ceived by the king with great joy, as was the lord de Mucident on his conclave and said, " Listen to us, my lords cardinals: allow us to account. There were many secret councils and conversations between elect a pope: you are too long about it. Choose a Roman, for we the king and constable, which were not immediately made public, will not have one of any other country: if you shall elect another, respecting the situation of France and Navarre. We will shortly neither the Roman people nor the consuls will consider him as pope, return to this business; but, in order to chronicle justly all the events and you will run a risk of being all put to death!" The cardinals which at this period happened in the world, I will relate to you the be- heard these words, and being in the power of the Romans, were not ginning of that grand schism which desolated the church, by which all at their ease, nor assured of their lives: they therefore appeased their Christendom was shaken, and from which many evils were engen- anger as well as they could. The wickedness of the Romans arose dered and spread abroad. to such a height that those who were nearest the conclave broke in, to frighten the cardinals, in order that they might the sooner decide ~~CHAPTER XII. ~in favor of him whom. they wished. The cardinals were much alarsmed, fearing they would all be put to death,. and fled, some one THE BEATH OF POPE GREGORY XI. AFTER THE SUDDEN DEATH OF HIS way, some another. The Romans, however, would not suffer them IrMEDIATE SUCCESSoR, THE CARDINALS ARE CONSTRAINED TO ELECT to depart, but collected them again together whether they would or URBAN VI. WHICH CAUSES A SCHISM IN THE CHURCH OF ROME. not. The cardinals, finding themselves in their power and in great You have before heard how pope Gregory XI. filled the papal danger, made quickly an end of the business, to appease the peoplechair at Avignon. When he found there was not any likelihood of and, though it was not done through devotion, yet they made a good his bringing about a peace between the kings of France and Eng- electio% of a very devout man, a Roman, whom Pope Urban V. had land, he was much displeased, for he had labored hard at it, as well raised to the purple: he was called the Cardinal of St. Peter. as the cardinals by his orders. He resolved, as a matter of devotion, This election pleased the Romans exceedingly, and the good man to revisit Rome and the holy see, which St. Peter and St. Paul had had all the rights attached to the papacy; but he only lived three edified and augmented; for he had made a vow to God, that if he days, and I will tell you the reason. The Romans, being desirous of should ever be raised to so eminent an honor as the papacy, he having a pope from their own nation, were so much rejoiced at the would never hold his seat but where St. Peter had placed it. This election falling as it had done on the cardinal of St. Peter, that they pope was of a delicate constitution and sickly habit, so that he suf- took the good man, who was at least one hundred years of aDe, and fered more than another;and during his residence at Avignon he placing him on a white mule, carried him in triumph for such a was much engaged with the affairs of France, and so much pressed length of time, through Rome, out of wickedness and exultation of by the king and his brothers, that he had not time to attend to his their victory over the cardinals by having gained a Roman pope, own concerus: he therefore said, he would place himself at a dis- that the fatigue was too much for him. On the third day, he took trasce, that he might enjoy more repose. He made preparations in to his bed, and died, and was buried in the church of St. Peter. the most ausple manneer becoming such a great personage, on t.___* Denys Sauvage says in a note, that it was after this return to Toulouse, hie uaaei"See Chqs. cccxxsx. —Eo. took the expedition mentioned in the 1st chapyte, of this volume. 236 NCHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c.'lhe cardinals were much vexed at the death of the pope; for as During the tirnmo these embassadors were in France, Peter de Ba. tLey saw things were taking a wrong turn, they had determined, du- sille and Ferrando arrived at Cherbourg with many store,. These ring the fife of this pope, to have dissembled with the Romnans, for two visited, by orders of the king of Navarre, the whole county of two or three years, and to fix the seat of the church elsewhere than Evreux, renewed the officers, and placed others in the different forts at Rome, at Naples or Genoa, out of the power of the Romans. This according to their pleasure. The bishop of Pampeluna and sir Mai would have been carried into execution, but the pontiff's death de- tin de la Carra returned to Navarre, and related to the king, wholl, ranged everything. The cardinals assembled in conclave, in greater they met at Tudelle,` all that had passed in France. The king was daniger than before; for the populace collected in large bodies before not well pleased that he could not have his children, and conceived St. Peter's, showing plainly that they would not scruple to destroy a violent hatred against the king of France, which he would hyve themn unless they elected a pope according to their pleasure. They shown if he had had the power; but he was incapable of hurting kept crying out before the conclave, " Consider, my lords cardinals; that kingdom, and besides he had not formed any alliances. Hle con:ider well what you are about, and give usta Roman pope, who thought it, therefore, better to dissemble, until he should have greater will reside among us; otherwise we will make your heads much cause of complaint, and more real evils be done unto him. The kisng redder than your hats." Such speeches and menaces frightened the of France and his council received infoimation that the king of Na. cardinals, for they wished rather to die confessors than martyrs; to varre was reinforcing all the castles and towns in Nornandy, which free themselves from all danger, they began to deliberate on the he called his own; and they knew not what to think of his conduct choice of a pope, but it fell not on one of their brother cardinals. At this time there was a secret armament formed in England, of Tiey elected the archbishop of Bari, a very learned man, who had two thousand men-at-arms, who were embarked, but without any labored mruch for the church. With this promotion to the papacy horses, of which the duke of Lancaster and earl of Cambridge were the Romains were satisfied. The cardinal of Geneva put his head the commanders. The Normans, hearing of it, had infournied the out of one of the windows of the conclave, and, calling out aloud to king of France that this expedition was certainly intended for the the Roman populace, said, "Be appeased, for you have a Roman coasts of Normandy, but they could not say whither it had sailed. pontifT, Bartholom ew Prignano, archbishop of Bari." The people Others supposed it to have been undertaken by the advice of tlie unanimously answered, "We are satisfied." king of Navarre, who meant to deliver up to the English his strong The archbishop was not at'his moment at Rome, but, as I believe, places in Normandy. The king of France was also told, that he at Naples. He was immediately sent for, and, being much pleased.must hasten his preparations, if hlie wished to be master of these ens. at the event, came directly to Rome to show himself to the cardinals. tles, and that it had been too long delayed; for, if the English should On his arrival, great feasts were made: he was elevated, and had once gain them, they would be enabled to harass France very much, all the powers of the papacy. He took the name of Urban VI. and they could not obtain a more convenient entrance into the kingThis name was very gratifying to the Romans, on account of Urban dom than by being possessors of the towns and castles of the king of V. who had much loved them. His elevation was published in all Navarre. Two secretaries of the king of Navarre were arrested in the churches in Christendom, and made known to the different poten- France, a lawyer and a squire: the name of the first was Peter du tates, emperors, kings, dukes, and earls. The cardinals wrote also Tertre, and the other James de Rue: they were conducted to Paris to their friends, to inform them that they had chosen a pope by a good for examination, and were found so intimately connected with the and fair election, of which several repented afterwards. This pope king of Navarre's intentions of poisoning the king of France, that renewed all the graces and pardons which his predecessor had given, they were condemned to death, and were executed and quartered at so that divers left their own countries and repaired to Rome to receive Paris accordingly.T them. We will now for a while leave this matter, and return to the principal object of our history, the affairs of France. CHAPTER XIV. THE ICING OF FRANCE ORDERS THE POSSESSIONS OF THE ICING OF NAVAItRE TO BE SEIZED AS WELL IN NORMIANDY AS IN LANGUEDOC. THE ItINC+ OF C H A P T E R X III. NAVARRE FORMS AN ALLIANCE WITH THE ENGLISH. THtE TERMS OP THAT ALLIANCE. THE KING OF NAVARRE SENDS EMBASSADORS TO FRANCE, IN HOPES OF REGAINING POSSESSION OF HIS CHILDREN. TWO OF HIS PEOPLE ARE THESE machinations and wicked attempts of the kiig of Navarre,,CONVICTED OF HAVI-NGi ATTEMPTED TO -POISON THE KtNG OF FRANCE. were so numerous, that the king of France swore he would not un. dertake anything before he had driven him out of Normandy, and You have before heard, that after the death of the queen of Na- had gained possession, for his nephews, of every town and castle,varre, sister -to the king of France, there were many persons who, wich the kingof Navarre held there. Every day brought fresh in. i'from love to one antd hatred to the other, had declared that the in- formation and worse news, respecting the king of Navarre, to the heritance of the children of the king of Navarre, which had fallen palace of king Charles. It was currently reported tiat the duke of to tisem on thetr mother's decease, was legally their due; ard that Lancaster was to give his daughter Catherine to the king of Navarre, the king of France, their uncle by the mother's side, had a right to who in return, was to deliver up to him the whole couty f Evreu. C, ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~who, in return, was to deliver up to him the whole county of Evreux;. the guardianship of them, and the management, in their niame, o l the rdiaship of them, and the management, in their name, of all These reports were readily believed in France, for the kIing of Na.the lands which the king of Navarre held in Normandy, until his varre had but few friends there. The king of France, at this period, nephews should be of age.* The king of Navarre was suspicious went to reside at Rouen, where he had summoned a large botdy of of something being proposed lilke to the above, for he was well ac-,men-at-arms, and had given the command of it to the lords de Coucy quainted with the faws and customs of France. He therefore deter- and de la Riviere, who advanced to Bayeux, a city in Normandy at. mined to send the bishop of Pampeluna and sir Martin de la Carra tached to Navarre. These barons had with them the lord Ciaxles into France, to elntreat the king in the most amicable manner that, and lord Peter, the two sons of the king of Navarre, to show to the out of love to him, lie would send him his two sons, Charles and whole country and to the county of Evreux, that the war they were Peter; and that, if it were not agreeable to the king to allow of both coin to him, he at least would let hi have carrying on was in behalf of these children, and for the inheritance both coming to him, he at least would let himt have Charles, for a which belonged to them in right of their mother, and whicih the kling treaty of marriage was in contemplation between hinm and the daugh- of Navarre wrongfully withheld. However, the greter pat of the ter of kIing Henry of Castille. He resolved, notwithstanding this men-atarms were so much attached to the king of Nawulre, that embassy to France, to order his castles in Normandy to be secretly they would not quit his service; the Navarrois who were cullcted inspected and reinforced, that the French might not seize them; for, in Bayeux, as well as those whom he had sent thither, mrainriined if they were not strengthened in every respect, they might do so; the war for him handsomely. anmd, should they once get possession, he could not regain them when The king of France ordered commissioners to Montpellier, to seize he pleased. all the lands Rand lordships which were in the possession of the king HIe made choice, for this business, of two valiant men-at-arms of f Navarre. e these comissioe, sir illiam des Dnn of Navarre. When these commissioners, sir William des Derroans Navarre, in whom he had great confidence, whose names were Peter and sir John le Mercier, were arrived at Montpellier, they sent fol de Basille and Ferrando. The bishop of Pampeluna and sir Martin the principal inhabitants, to whom they showed their instructions. de la Carra arrived in France, and had long conferences with the Those of Montpellier obeyed. Indeed it was necessary for them to king, to whlom, with much reverence, they recommended the king do so; for had they acted otherwise they would have suffered for it, of Navarre, and entreated of him that he would suffer his two sons as the duke of Anjou and the constable of France had entered their to depart. The kiilng replied, that he would consider of it. They territories with a considerable force, who wished for nothing better afterwards received an answer in the king's name, his majesty being than to carry the war thither. Two knights of Normandy, goverpresent, that "the king wished to have his nephews, the children of nors of Montpellier for the king of Navarre, were made prisoners by Navarre, near him: that they could not be anywhere better placed: orders of the king of France, as were also sir Guy de Graville aind and that the kintg of Navarre ought to prefer their being with their sir Liger dArlgesi, who remained a long timthe in confinement. Thmis cuscle, the Icing of Fran-tce, to any other perstar: that he would not was the town of Montpelhier and all the barony seized by the Frencis. allow either of them to leave him, but would keep them near his We will now return to the army of Normandy, and relate how the person, amd form them a magnificent establishment, suitable to their lords de Coucy and de la Riviere went on. They advanced to rank as sons of a king, and his own nephews." This was all they Bayeux, and laid siege to it. The garrison towns of Navarre had could obtain. closed their gates against the French, and showed no intentions of speedily surrendering them. When the king of Navarrae heard that ~ I)enys Satuvage says, is a marginal note, that he does not understand this; tbr the the French had seized the town and territory of Montplier, and titat ttiags or Nasarre, from father to sort, were the legal inheit oeri t ors of the countty of l;vrest i; _________________________________________________________________________ nur hos the childrer aou!d claim sny right from then' mother. - * "Tudelle" —a village in Armagnac, diocese of Auci. thee Chap. cccxxux. — CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 237 a large army was in the county of Evreux, where they were pilla. Different treaties, alliances, and regulations were drawn up, signed, ging and destroying his towns and castles, he held many conferen- sealed, and sworn to, between the kings of England and Navarre, ces on these subiects with those inwhom he placed the greatest trust. which were tolerably well observed. In this council, the king It was determined in these councils, that as he could not receive any named such members as were ordered to Normandy, and those who assistance but from England, he should send thither a person in were to go to Navarre: because neither the duke of Lancaster, the whom he confided, with credential letters, to know if the young earl of Cambridge, nor the duke of Brittany, were present at these king Richard and his council were willing to form an alliance with treaties, it was resolved to send copies sealed to them, in order that him, and to assure them, that from henceforward he would swear to they might hasten to invade Normandy. be true and loyal to the English, and would place in their hands all the castles which he possessed in Normandy. To execute this embassy to England, he called to him a lawyer in whom he greatly CHAPTER XV. trusted, and said to him: "Master Paschal, you will set out for England, and manage so as to return to me with good newz, for HE Lo Ns D coc ANO E LA RIVIERE TAKE SEVERAL RlES IN from this day forward I will be steady in my alliance with the Eng- COUNTY OF EYREUX FROM THE R O AVARRE. lish." KING CHARLES of France, being wise and subtle (as his whole life Master Paschal prepared to do what he had been ordered; and, plainly showed,) had received information of the armament in Enghaving made himself ready, he embarked, made sail, and landed in land, but was ignorant whither it was to sail, to Normandy or Brit. Cornwall, and from thence journeyed on until he arrived at Sheen, tany. On account of these doubts, he had kept in the latter country near London, where the king resided. He approached his person, a large body of men-at-arms, under the command of the lords de and recommended to his majesty his lord the king of Navarre. The Clisson, de. Laval, the viscount de Rohan, the lords de Beaumanoir king entertained him handsomely. There were present the earl of and de Rochefort. They had besieged Brest by block-houses only, Salisbury and sir Simon Burly, who entered into the conversation to prevent any provision from entering. The governor of Brest was and answered for the king, saying his majesty would shortly come a valiant English squire called James Clerk. to London, and summon his council on a day fixed on between them. Now, because the king of France knew of the king of Navarre's Master Paschal, at this council, informed the king of all that he voyage to England, in the hopes of forming an alliance with his adhad been charged to say: he harangued so ably and eloquently, that versary the king of England, he suspected that this naval armament he was listened to with pleasure. The council for the king replied, would land in Normandy, and seize by force those castles which tha,t the ofifers which the king of Navarre had made were worth at- belonged to the king of Navarire: he therefore in haste sent orders tending to; but that in order to. form so extensive an alliance as the to the lords de Coucy and de la Riviere, stating to them his suspiking of Navarre was desirous of malting, it would be necessary for cions, with orders to conquer, by the speediest modes possible, all him to come over himself, that he might more fully explain every- castles, more particularly such as were near to the sea-coasts, by thing, for the affair seemed well deserving of it. On this, the coun- force or by negotiation. He knew that Cherbourg was not easy to cil broke up, and master Pasohal returned to Navarre, when he re- be taken, and also that it could not be reinforced on the land side. lated to the king, that the young king of England and his council The kiing of France had likewise ordered large bodies of men-at. were desirous of' seeing him. The. king replied, he would go thither, arms to Valognes* firom the lower parts of Brittany. Sir Oliver du and ordered a vessel, called a lin,? to be prepared, which sails with Guesclin commanded the Bretons; and the lord d'Ivoy and sir Per. all winds, and without danger. He embarked on board this vessel, ceval were the leaders of the Normans. The lords de Coucy and de with a small attendance: he, however, took with him sir Martin de la Riviere had besieged the city of Bayeux with a great force, which la Carra and mniaster Paschal. The king of France, some little time was daily increasing, from the additions the king of France was before he set out for Rouen, had conceived a great hatred against the sending to them from all quarters. Bayeux is a handsome and strong king of' Navarre: he was informed secretly, by some of his house- city near the sea, which at that time belonged to the king of Na. hold, of all his negotiations with England: in consequence, he had varre. The citizens (finding themselves thus besieged by their managed so well with king Henry of' Castille, that he had sent the neighbors, who told them, that if the the town were taken by storm, king of Navarre his defiance, and had commenced a severe war they would all inevitably be destroyed, both men and women, and against him. The king of Navarre had therefore, before his embark- the town repeopled with another set of inhabitants,) began to be ation, left the viscount de Castillon, the lord de Lestrac, sir Peter seriously alarmed. They saw no appearance of assistance coming de Vienne, and Bascle, with a large body of men-at-arms, as well to them, but, on the contrary, found themselves in opposition to the fromn his own country as from the county of Foix, with orders to de- lord Charles de Navarre, to whom the country of Evreux belonged, fend his kingdom and his forts against the Spaniards. He embarked in right of succession to his late mother. The inhabitants also list. with a very favorable wind, which landed him in Cornwall, from ened to the harangues of the lords de Coucy and de la Riviere, who, whence he journeyed until he came to Windsor, where king Richard with impressive language, showed them the dangers into which and his council were. He was received there with great joy; for they were running: knowing likewise that their bishop was well they thought they might gain much from him in Normandy, more inclined toward the French, they thought, considering all things, it especially the castle of Cherbourg, which the English were very de- would be much better for them to surrender their city from affection, sirous of possessing. as they were required to do by the above-mentioned lords, than to The king of Navarre explained to the king of England and his remain in such peril. The inhabitants of Bayeux demanded a truce council, in a clear rianner, with eloquent language, his wants, and for three days; during which time, a treaty was so far concluded his reasons for coming, so that he was willingly attended to, and re- that the lords de Coucy and de la Riviere entered the city, and took ceived such promises of succor that he was well satisfied. I will possession of it for the king of France, as his acknowledged comnmisinform you what treaties were entered into between the two kings. saries. The attorney-general was sent thither on the part of the'IThe king of Navarre engaged to remain for ever true and loyal to children of Navarre, who were present during all the negotiations. the English, and never to make any peace with the kings of France The two lords renewed all the officers of the city, and, for fear of or Castille without the consent of the king of England. He engaged a rebellion, left a body of good men-at-arms: they then marched off to put the castle of Cherbourg into the hands of the king of England, to lay siege to Carentan, a handsome and strong town situated on who was to guard it for three years at his own costs and charges, the sea-shore, and in the district of Caen. The inhabitants o Ca. tuw the lordship and sovereignty of it were to remain in the king of' rentan were without any governor of note: indeed, they had not Navarre. If the English should be able, by force of arms, to gain had one since sir Eustace d'Amhreticourt, who had been their govany of the towns or castles which the king of Navarre had then in ernor for four years, and had died there; so that they had not any Normandy, from the French, they were to remain with the English: to look to for advice but themselves: they knew also that the admi the lordship, however, restingin the king of Navarre.t The English ral of France, sir John de Vienne, in conjunction with the Spanish were much pleased with these terms, because they gained a good admiral, and a large force, were before Cherbourg, but were ignorant entrance to France through Normandy, which was very convenient of the treaties of the king of Navarre, as well as unacquainted with for them. the result of his journey to England. They were attacked every The king of England promised to send, at this season, a thousand day in two different muanners; by words - nd by arms; for the lords apears and two thousand archers, by the river Gironde, from Bor- de Coucy and de la Riviere were very anxious to gain this town, and deaax to Bayonne; and these men-at-arms were to enter Navarre, succeeded in winnin:g it by capitulation; they put it under the obediand make war on the king of Castille. They were not to quit the ence of the king of France, reserving the rights of the two sons of king nor the kingdom of Navarre so long as there should be war the king of Navarre. between the kIrings of Navarre and Castille. But these men-at-arms These lords of France readily granted very favorable terms, in and arcumrsn on entering the territories of Navarre, were to be paid I order to get possession of such towns and castles as they wanted by and clothed by the king of Navarre as was beooming them, and on the most expeditious means. They took possession of Carentan, rethe same footing as the king of England was accustomed to pay his inforcing it with mein-at-arms: they then departed, and came before soldiers. the castle of MoliIneaux,t which in three lays capitulated. They advanced to Conrces,I and eucanlped on the banks of the beanti. * "Lii " —a Felucca, orsmall tf:gate. —Dov CPNao. ful river Oirne,,which runs by Caen, and there refreshed thermselveas, t See Rtymci —for the passport to the king oh Navarre, and thie treaty at length. an. until they ktte w the iclinalati us of, the inhabitants, who shortly stir leg. Ri_. __. The passp rt himr Ch.arles of'N'vrre is dated a year ltier thani Froissart mentions. It "Vaegnes" —a town in Normandtdy' it lies between Cherbourg anid Careaitam. is in ItRer1 detel thne 2Lii Autguist, t}'onil the manor of (,larerilmn,.370, to coeitiaue to t''Mlo~>lnux" —:a villare ia Normcandiy, elec-u of Caen. She fetas oh' tt Jind Baptist biobiwiag, tsr tive hundred pemosom. I "',oaches" —a market town in Normandy, near Fvreux. 23e CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &e. rendered on terms; forthe lords de Coucy and de la Riviere having king went to refresh himself at la Coulongne.* He sent his con. tihe heir of Navarre with them, gave a good color to their proceed- stable, with ten thousand men, to lay siege to Pampelunm. ings. In that city were the viscount de Castillon, the lord de Lescut and However, when any town or castle surrendered itself to the king le Bascle, with two hundred lances in the whole, who carefully of France, or to his commissaries, there was a condition in the treaty, guarded the place. The king of Navarre, who had but lately that all those who chose to depart might go wherever they pleased: returned from England, resided at Tudelle, impatiently expecting those who did depart only went to Evreux, of which Ferrando, a the succors which were to come to him from England, and Nwhich Navarrois, was governor. After the conquest of Conches, which indeed had been ordered; for, by directions from the king and conn. was gained, as you have heard, by treaty, they advanced before cil, the lord de Neville and sir Thomas de Termes,t were at I'ly Passy,* where there was an assault: many were killed and wounded mouth, or in that neighborhood, with about one thousand men-at. on both sides. That same day, the castle surrendered to the king of arms and two thousand archers, and were laying in their stores for France: they then marched away. In short, all that the king of the voyage to Bordeaux; but they had not met with a passage acNavarre possessed in Normandy surrendered, excepting Evreux and cording to their wishes. Cherbourg. When they had won different small forts, and placed With regard to the great army under the command of the duke of the whole country under the obedience of the king of France, they Lancaster, at last it landed near to St. Malo: news of which was soon laid siege to Evreux, which was cut off from any communication carried to the Breton lords of the French party, and immediately the with Cherbourg. viscount de Belliere, sir Henry de Malatrait and the lord de Combor, In Evreux there was, according to custom, the strongest garrison left their habitations and flung themselves into St. Malo with two of Navarrois in Normandy; and the inhabitants never perfectly hundred men-at-arms, to the great joy of Morfonance the governor loved any other lord but the king of Navarre. The place was closely who otherwise would have been hardly pushed. besieged. It held out for a long time: for Ferrando, the governor, performed in person several gallant deeds of arms. About this time the king of Navarre, being returned to his own country, expected to CHAPTER XVII. have had some assistance from the English; but it does not appear xhat he had any succors from them, for the duke of Lancaster and THE ENGLISH, AT THIS PERIOD, MAKE EXCURSIONS INTO VARIOUS tARTS the earl of Cambridge, before these treaties had been entered on, OF TH INGDOM OF FRNCE. THE MELANCHOL DEATH OF N had experienced very contrary winds for their voyage to Normandy, OF ALS and so numerous a levy as had been ordered of four thousand men- SmR John Arundel, who had remained at Southampton with his at-arms and eight thousand archers, could not immediately be assem- two hundred men-at-arms and four hundred archers, received inforbled at Southampton, where they were to embark. It was St. John mation from some prisoners who had been taken in a Norman vessel, Baptist's day before they were all collected and had sailed from Eng- that the duke of Lancaster had well scoured the ports of Normandy, land. The earl of Salisbury and sir John Arundel were still at Ply- so that none of the French dared to put to sea. He directly ordered mouth, who ought to have reinforced Brest and Hennebon;t but his vessels and four large ships to be got ready, laden with provithey had wanted wind, so that they joined the duke of Lancaster and sions, in which he embarked, and made sail for Cherbourg, where earl of Cambridge's army. They landed on the Isle of Wight, where he was joyfully received. The castle remained under the guard of they remained some time waiting for intelligence, and to know the English, on the departure of the Navarrois; but sir Peter de whether they should sail for Normandy or Brittany: they there learnt Basle the governor, did not leave it. I must inform you, that Cher. that the French fleet was at sea, on which sir John Arundel was bourg is only to be conquered by famine; for it is one of the strongest ordered back to Southampton, with two hundred men-at-arms and castles in the world: the garrison made many profitable excursions four hundred archers, to defend that place. on those of Valognes. Sir John Arundel, after he had garrisoned Cherbourg with English, remained there but fifteen days to revictual it, and returned to Southampton, of which he was governor. CHAPTER XVI. We will now speak of the siege of St. Malo. When the English entered the harbor, they found therein a number of vessels from La THE DUKE OF ANJOU RETAINS LARGE BODIES OF MEN-AT-ARMS AGAINST Rochelle, laden with good wines; the merchants were soon eased THE ENGLISH. THE SPANIARDS LAY SIEGE TO BAYONNE. of them, and their vessels burnt. The siege of St. Malo was directly ON account of the information the king of France had received commenced, for they were in sufficient numbers to undertake it: from the Normans, that the English were in great force at sea, but they overran the country, and did much damage. Those who were doubtful whither it was directed, he had issued a special summons most active in this business were sir Robert Knolles, and sir Hugh throughout his realm for every knight and squire, according to his Broc his nephew, who were well acquainted with those parts. degree, to keep himself fully prepared to march to whatever part he These two made excursions daily, and the canon de Robesart in should be ordered. The duke of Anjou had also, at this period, company with them. Some days they lost, and at others gained: retained large bodies of men. at.arms from all quarters, with the in- they, however, burnt and destroyed all round St. Malo. tention of laying siege to Bordeaux. He had with him his brother The army of the duke of Lancaster had plenty of provision, for the duke of Berry, the constable of France, and all the flower of they had brought with them large quantities fromEngland. Many knighthood from Gascony, Auvergne, Poitou and Limousin. In severe assaults were made on St. Malo, and the attacks as ably rt;e. order to carry their enterprise, he had raised an immense army, and sisted, for there were several men-at-arms within it not easily to be had also, with the consent of the king of France, collected two hun- conquered. The lords of the army -caused the carpenters to make dred thousand francs in Languedoc; but he could not at present sheds, under which they could with greater ease carry on their at. ttndertake this siege, for the king of France had recalled the duke tacks; they had four hundred cannons pointed against the different of Berry, the constable and other barons, on whose assistance he had parts of the town, which very much harassed its inhabitants. Among depended, as it was well known the English were at sea, but uncer-. the various assaults, there was one which was particularly severe, for tain in what part of the kingdom they would attempt to land. Not- it lasted a whole day, and many English were killed and wounded: withstanding this expedition from Languedoc had failed, the poor those within made so prudent a defence as not to lose a man: a people who had beer ao hard pressed to pay such large sums were knight from England caled sir Peter l'Escume, was slain, for whose never repaid any part death the duke and the eari were sorely vexed. We will now return The king of Castille, about this time, laid siege to Bayonne with for a while to the siege of Mortain-sur-mer in Poitou, and to Evan full twenty thousand Spaniards and Castillians: he began the siege of Wales. in the winter, and continued it through that whole seae-on. Many Evan of Wales had closely blockaded Mortain in Poitou, of which gallant deeds were performed there by sea and land, far Roderigo le place the souldich de lEstrade was governor, and had erected four Roux, don Fernando de Castille, Ambrose de Boccanegra and Peter block-houses; the first was built on the edge of a rock before the Basce, lay at anchor before Bayonne with two hundred vessels, and castle, on the Garonne, and Evan had posted himself within it: the gave sufficiency of employment to its inhabitants. The governor of second was built between the water and the lower castle, opposite the town at the time was a right valiant knight from England, called to a postern gate, from which none could issue without the certainty sir Matthew Gournay. His good sense and prowess were, as I have of being taken: the third was on the opposite side of the castle: been informed, of great assistance to the townsmen. I have heard the fourth was the church of St. Leger, near half a league from the from some of those who were besieged, that the Spaniards would fort. The inhabitants of Mortain were long sorely harassed by these have succeeded in their attempt on Bayonne, had not a great mor- means, for the blockade lasted upward of a year and a half, in which tality afflicted their army, so that out of five that were taken ill three time they were hardly pushed for provision and other necessaries, died. having neither stockings nor shoes to their feet; but what was ti.e King Henry had with him a necromancer from Toledo, who de- most grievous, they did not see any appearance of succor being sent larted that the whole air was poisoned and corrupted, and that no to them. remedy could be had for it without risking the death of all. In con- During the time of this siege, there came out of England, and sequence of this decision, the king broke up the siege; but the from the borders of Wales, a Welsh squire named John Lambs, Spaniards and Bretons had conquered a number of small forts and who was scarcely a gentleman; and indeed he showed it, for no castles in the adjacent country, into which they entered; and the gentleman would ever have practised such base wickedness. It was said, that on his departure firom England, he had been instigated by *t "rPassy" —a town in Normandy. four leagues from Evreux.? "Henebon." Deny. Sauvage thinks it should be A~';'# or Derval, instead of *'"La Coultougne." Salla calls it Calongne. Q. if not Orogne Uennebon t "[De'rermeu." Sir Thomas T-'vet. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 239 some English knights to perform the treason he did; for Evan of Lambe. All the others were asleep, and no guard was kept, for he Wales was greatly hated in England and Gascony, on account of the considered the castle of Mortain as conquered. After Evan had captal de Buch, whom lie had made prisoner before Soubise in Poi- seated himself on the trunk of a tree, he said to John Lambe, " Go tou, and whose ransom could never be obtained either by the ex- and seek my comb, for that will refresh me a little." He answered, change of the count de St. Pol or by any other, nor for any sum of " Willingly, my lord." On his way to seek for the comb, or when money that could be offered: this caused his death, through melan- returning with it, the devil must have entered the body of this John; choly, in the TamPle at Paris, to the very great regret of all his for with the comb he brought a short Spanish dagger that had a broad frien.FA. point, to accomplish his evil intentions: he struck this dagger into Evan, whose body was almost naked, and pierced him through, so that he fell down dead., After he had performed this deed, he _______ ________'_-_____.___ left the dagger in the body, set off, =__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _________ _______________________ and went slowly to the barriers of the castle, wherein he was received -:~___________ ~-'by the guards, to whom he made himself known, and was conducted.....m________________,to the souldich de l'Estrade.' My __ ____________________ ey~ —- lord," said he to the souldich, "I'here, by calling himself-one of Evhave delivered you from one of the greatest enemies you ever had." "From whom 2" replied the soul. dich. H "From Evan of Wales," anofi__ to_ _ _ where the_ sig a on swered John. "By what means?" _______ advanced______... demanded the souldich. "By such ___ ___ ____________ I " means," said John, and then re. __________j his___.'hh tl lated to him the circumstances you Evanlloh~ll~oillghelastlls icio ivedhimkin - - _n horene rthda of ave just heard. Whn the soul. dich heard this he shook his head, and, eyeing him with anger, re plied, "Thou hast murdered him but know from me, that if we did o not reap much advantage firom thy wicked deed, I would have thy head cut off: what is done, how. ever, cannot be undone; but such,m a death is unworthy of a gentleman, and we shall have more blame than praise for it."* ~-~nd: _~= as Thus was Evan of Wales killed by a wicked and treasonable act, to Evaux, NoRMANDY.-From a Print in Nodier's Voyame. h'ittorcs ct. omantiques dans l'ancienne France. the great grief of the army and all manner of people. King Charles of France particularly lamented his about this time John Lambe arrived in Brittany, and continued his losbut ne could not help it. Evan of Wales was buried in the jirirney until he came to Poitou: he was honorably received every- church of St. Leger, which he had converted into a fort, half a league where, by calling himself one of Evan's friends, and speaking very distant from t he castle of Mortain, and all the gentlemen of the army good French. He said he was come from Wales to visit Evan, and attended hi, bsequies, which were very grandly performed. was too lightly believed. For these reasons he was escorted by the The siege of Mortain was not, however, discontinued for this loss. nen of Poitou to Mortain, where the siege was going forward. John There were very good knights from Brittany, Poitou, and France, Lambe advanced toward Evan, when, falling on his knees, he said who had resolved never to quit it unless forced by superior numbers; an his country language, that he had left Wales to see and serve him. and they were more eager than before to conquer the castle, by way Evan, not harboring the least suspicion, received him kindly, thanked of revenge for the death of Evan. They remained in the same nim for coning, and accepted his offers of service l he then asked the position, without making any assaults, for they knew the garrison news from Wales. He told him enough of true and false, and made were exceedingly straightened for provision, and that none could hin believe that the whole principality was desirous of having him enter the place. We will leave this siege for a short time, and return for their lord. This information gained so much the love of Evan to that of St. Male; but we will first mention how those who had (for every one naturally would wish to return to his own country) besieged Evreux persevered in it. that he immediately appointed him his chamberlain. John won daily on the affection of Evan: there was no one in whom he had so great a confidence. Evan's regard increased so fast that evil befell CHAPTER XVIII. hfim, for which it was a great pity, for he was a valiant knight, a good man, and the son of a prince of Wales whom king Edward had THE INHBITANTS OF AUX SURENDER TO TLE FRENch. THE TWC caused to be beheaded, but on what account I am ignorant. ARMIES ASEL BEFORE ST. M. The king of England had seized his lands in Wales; and this Evan, THE siege of Evreux being formed by the lords de Coucy and de in his infancy, having come to France, explained his situation to king la Riviere, they had frequent communication with the king of France, Philip, who willingly listened to him, retained him near his person, who had fixed his residence at-Rouen to be as near his army as pos. and as long as he lived he was one of the pages of his chamber, sible. He was desirous they should gain Evre nx, either by storm or with his nephews d'Alenqons and several other young nobles. He capitulation, as soon as might be, for he knew the English were in was also retained by king John, under whom he bore arms, and was great force in Brittany: he ordered, therefore, all his troops to adat the battle of Poitiers, but fortunately escaped, otherwise death vance thither to raise the siege of St. Malo, and to combat the Eng. would soon have followed his captivity. On the peace between lish. These two lords acquitted themselves loyally and valiantly, for France and England, he went to Lombardy, where he continued to every day there were assaults as well as negotiations going forward bear arms; and, on the renewal of the war, he returned to France, They sent to remonstrate with the inhabitants on their folly in thus and condocted himself so well that he was much praised and loved having war made upon them with the risk of losing their fortunes by the kilng of France, and by all the great lords. I will now tell and having their houses razed to the ground; for they had their lawhis end, which I shall do unwillingly: but it is necessary to show h d h a u ngl:utitisneesart * It would appear, however. fiom the following extract from the Fodera, under the to posterity what became of him. year 1381, of payments made on account of the war in Aquitaine, that John Lamlo Evan of Wales had a custom during the siege of Mortain, as soon was sent on purpose to murder Evan: at least he is recompensed fotbr it: as he was risen, if it were a fine morning, to seat himself before the Item pale le xviii jour de Septembre k Joian Lambe &;t ses deux compagnions, en castle, when he had his hair combed and plaited for a considerable recompensacion & regande, si hien de les hen, & agrdahles services qa' ii a fait i mon sieur le prince, cue Dieu assoile, & fera au roi q'ore est, come de Ia mourt de You de length of tinme, during which he viewed tihe castle, and the surround- Galles-tC.francs." ing country, for he had not the smallest dread from any quarter: it After all the inquiries I have been able to make, I have not succeeded in identifying was not usual for any one to attend him as a guard but this John Evan of Wales with any known character in the old Welsh books. In the works of Lambe. Very often it happened that he there completely dressed DDavid Nanmor who flourished from about 1430 to 1470, t here is a passage where the poet, in looking for more happy times the his own in futurity, among otherpredictionu himself; and, if any one had business with him, they went there to announces the coming ofIevan Dyvi. orEvan of Dovy. Now this Evan of Dovy muis seek him. On Mis last visit it was early morn and fine clear weather, have been some person of celebrity, at some period prior to the time ofrthe writer beforet andI the heat of the night had prevented him from sleeping: he went mentioned, whose fame is totally obscured, prohably owing to the danger of espousing thither~ all unbuttoned, with only his jacket and shirt, and his cloak the cause of that personage, from his being uostrie to the existing government. This seems to be the only reasson for the ambiguity of the poet, arid it seems also satistictorillt khirown over him, wr~hen he seated himself as usual, attended by John. "Ount: for the silence of the Welsh writers respecting Evan of;Vales. 140 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. ful lord with them, the lord Charles de Navarre, to whom, by right willingness for the combat, but they have no such inclination." of succession from his mother, the county of Evreux had devolved. Thus was this business carried on, without any deeds of arms being They advised them, therefore, not to attend to the erroneous opinions performed worth mentioning: the French keeping on one side the of that madman Ferrando of Navarre, who was there only to ruin water, the English on the other. The flood beginning to increase, them; for they must well know that the goodness of their cause the English retreated out of the river, and returned to their quarters: would never allow them to march from thence witlout having con- the French followed their example. While these appearances of a quered it; and, should it be taken by storm, every one would be put battle were carried on, the siege of St. Male was continued, and to the sword, and the town repeopled with new inhabitants. Such several feats of arms were done. The French guarded the banks were the offers, speeches, and menaces to the townsmen of Evreux; so well, that the English were afraid to cross the water. but these did not prevent daily assaults from being made. It frequentiy happened that several knights or squires of Brittany, The inhabitants at last began to waver, on seeing that no succor well acquainted with the country, forded the river, and in their exwas likely to be sent them; and they said to each other, "We see cursions met the English foragers, with whom they engaged; and that the king of France does not claim the territory for himself, but success, as is usual in such cases, was sometimes on one side, some. for his nephew." They therefore entered into a treaty with the lord times on the other. The lords of England resolved to employ a mine, de Coucy. When Ferrando perceived this, he shut himself upin the to gain entrance into St. Male; for otherwise they thought they castle, and would not be present at any of the meetings. In short, could not win it, as it was well provided with men-at-arms, who care. they surrendered on their lives and fortunes being spared, whether fully defended it, as well as with all sorts of stores and artillery. The they were in town or country, and acknowledged the lord Charles for English were obliged to be continually armed, and to keep in a body their lord. They then besieged Ferrando in the castle, who nego- ready for battle, should the French advance; and for this reason, tiated with the lords of France, and offered to surrender the castle they had not leisure to assault the town, except by their cannon, of if they would permit hinm and his men freely to depart. His offer which they hiad plenty, that greatly annoyed it. Having fixed on a was accepted. Shortly after, they packed up their baggage, and spot, they set their miners to work. We will now leave for a while marched out of Evreux, under the conduct of the lords de Coucy, the siege of St. M/lo, and return to tha.' Mortain in Poitou. de la Riviere, and sir John le Mercier, taking the road to Cherbourg. After the conquest of Evreux, all the leaders of the French army went to Rouen, where the king resided, in order to consider what CHAPTER XIX. was next for them to do; for they had heard that the English were besieging St. Mali. The king of France received them very graciotisly; in particular, the lords de Coucy and de la Riviere; for You have before heard related the death of Evan of Wales, how having so well succeeded in their exploits. All the men-at-arms re- he was murdered, and how the Bretons and Poitevins were before mained in Normandy: not one of their captains were dismissed, but Mortain, under the command of sir James de Montmort, sir Perwere regularly paid their allowances. The king of France, during ceval d'Ayneval, sir William de Montcontour, and sir James de Surhis residence at Ronen, had heard of the English having laid siege geres, who would not break up the siege, for they were much enraged to St. Male with a powerful army, and that the inhabitants were hard at the death of Evan of Wales their commander, and wished to re. pressed by their daily assaults. He was unwilling to lose his sub. venge themselves on the garrison for it. You have also heard how jects, as well as the town; for if St. Mal were taken, Brittany would sir Thomas Trivet, sir William Scrope, sir Thomas Breton, sir Wil. be very much weakened in that part. The king had, therefore, to liam Cendrine, with a large body of men-at arms and archers, had tlhis purpose, issued a special summons for assembling troops, in order been ordered to the country near Bordeaux, and to assist those in to assist them against the English, which no one dared to disobey. Mortain, with sir Matthew Gournay, who resided in Bayonne, and The dukes of Berry and Burgundy, the count d'Alenqon, the count who daily found employment there against the Gascons and barons de la Marche, the dauphin d'Auvergne, the count de Guinea, sir John possessing fortresses in those parts. These four knights had re. de Boulogne, and great numbers of barons and knights of all sorts, mained with their men upward of seven months at Plymouth, wait, marched thither with numerous forces. The king sent orders to his ing a favorable wind to carry them to Gascony, which though it constable, sir Bertrand du Guesclin, to see that none absented them- vexed them much, they could not help themselves. selves from this assembly. You have heard likewise that the lord Neville of Raby had been The constable obeyed, and came with all the men-at-arms of An- ordered with a body of men-at-arms and archers to the assistance of iou, Poitou, and Touraine. The marshal de Blainville and the mar- the king of Navarre, with the appointment of s6neschal of Bordeaux shal de Sancerre, the two marshals of France, were also there. From All these knights met at Plymouth, which was very agreeable to other parts came sir Olivier de Clisson, the lord de LUon, with the every one of them. On the arrival of the lord Neville, they had a knights and barons of Brittany: there were ten thousand men-at-arms wind to their wish, and, having embarked on board- the vessels that at least, and in the plains one hundred thousand horses.* had been long laden, they set their sails, and steered for Gascony. These men-at-arms took up their quarters as near to each other as This fleet consisted of six score vessels and forty barges, having on they could; but there were between them and the English an arm board about a thousand men-at-arms and two thousand archers. of' the sea and a river. When the sea ebbed, some young knights They had favorable weather, which carried them into the port of usually adventured on the sands, and performed several gallant deeds. Bordeaux, the night of Our Lady, in September, in the year of grace Never was there seen so numerous an assembly of knighthood in 1378. Brittany. If the French were in great force, the English were very When the Bretons and Poitevins who were before Mortain saw powerful, and each party thought there must be a combat, for every this great fleet pass by, with trumpets sounding and every sign of day there was an appearance of it from the banners and pennons joy, they were much cast down; while, on the contrary, the garrison fluttering in the wind. The English frequently drew out their arnmy were rejoiced, for they justly imagined they should very soon be re. in battle-array, to examine tlhe force of the French and the streugth lieved, or that there would be a battle, as they thought they never of the banners and pennons, which were there in very great abulnd- would have come so far to remain idle. Sir James de Montmort ance. It was a great pleasure to see them thus drawn out in a line and the other leaders of the army assembled in council, and debated of battle, and advance toward the river, to show that they were ready for some time in what manner they should act; they repented they had to engage. The English said, "Let us look at our enemies, who neglected to accept the offers of negotiating; for the souldich do will soon, at low water, cross over and fight with us." But they had l'Estrade had, a short time before, proposed a parley, and offered to no such inclination, and were afraid of trying the chance; for their,surrender the castle, on the garrison being allowed to march in safety leaders would not allow them to advance to the combat. to Bordeaux; but the French would not listen to it. However, they During these frequent displays on each side, the earl of Cambridge, now sent a herald to say, they would accept of their terms: but the being fatigued with their inutility, declared with an oath, that if he souldich replied, he would have nothing to say to them; that he did saw them continued without any further advance made toward a not want to capitulate, for that the reinforcements he looked for battle, he would engage the French himself, whatever might be the were arrived; and that they might remain or march away, as should consequence. The vanguard, composed of numbers of able men please themselves. Things remained thus, when the lord Nevill: under the command of the constable, who well knew the hot and and the English arrived at Bordeaux, where they were magnificently impatient temper of the English, were ordered to draw up their bat- received by sir William Helrnen, s6neschal des Landes, sir John de talions on foot, on the sands as near to the river as possible. The earl of Multon, mayor of Bordeaux, the archbishop, the ladies, and citizens. Cambridge, who saw this manceuvre, cried out, " Let them who love Soon after his arrival, he issued a summons to the knights and me follow me, for I am going to engage!" He then dashed into the squires of Gascony attached to England, and collected so many yes. river, which was low, but the tde was returning, and he began to sels that four thousand embarked on board of them, and sailed down cross it with his banner: the English commenced shooting at the the river Garonne, to raise the siege of Mortain. News was soon French, when the constable ordered his men to retreat to the fields, carried to the French army, that the English and Gascons were in hopes the English would have crossed; for very willingly would coming down the river in great force to raise the siege: upon this, he have seen them do so, and have had them on the other side of the leaders called another council, wherein it was resolved, that as the water. they were not sufficiently strong to wait for their enemies, it was The duke of Lancaster was prepared, with a very strong battalion, to better to give up their lost time than to run a greater danger; having follol his brother, should there have been occasion. He said to Gerard ordered their trumpets to sound, they marched away without doing de Brees. a squire from Hainault who was near him: "Gerard, see anything more, and retreated into Poitou. All, however, did not bow mv brother ventures: he shows the French by his examniie his march off, for a company of Bretons and Welsh, who had been at. ~Deny,- Sauvageo if th. number of hones be not too, grea: itached to Evan of Wales, retired into the bloclt-house of St Leger, CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 241 which they said would hold out against every force, and dragged all name was Morfonace, a valiant man-at-arms, was resolved to defend their artillery in with them. The English and Gascon knights, who it well, aided by the counsels of sir Herve de Malatrait, the lord de came full sail down the river Garonne, cast anchor in its mouth he. Comber and the viscount de la Belliere, and had so far succeeded fore Mortain; when they disembarked leisurely, and as they landed that there was not as yet any apparent damage. In the adjacent drew up in order of battle to attack the fort of St. Leger, into which country, as I have before'aid, was the flower of France, as well the Bretons and Welsh had retired. Immediately a sharp attack great lords as others; they amounted to sixteen thousand men-at commenced. While this assault was going on, the lord Neville sent arms, knights and squires, with upward of one hundred thousand a herald to the castle to speak with the souldich, and to inquire how horses. They were as willing for the combat as the English could he was. The herald performed his message, and reported that they be; but each of them sought to have an advantage: what, however, were in good health, but so naked they had not a shoe to their feet prevented this from happening several times was the large river, nor a coat to their backs. The attack on St. Leger lasted three when the tide was in, between the two armies, which hindered them hours; and the assailants gained nothing, but had several wounded. from attacking each other. The mine was advancing, of which the The barons then encamped, with the intent of not departing thence inhabitants of St. MalI had some suspicions. In such large armies before they had conquered it, and were much vexed that the lord de as these, it was not possible but that the foragers of each should fre. Montmort and the other lords were not shut up in this fort: those quently have rencounters, in which fortune favored sometimes one lords had very wisely marched off, and had left the Bretons. party, and sometimes the other; for there we:e very expert and youthful knights of each army who sought for such exploits. The miners of the duke of Lancaster labored hard at their work day and CHAP-TER XX. night, to carry it under the town and throw down part of the walls, so that the men-at-arms and archers might easily gain an entrance. THE ENGLISH RECOVER SEVERAL. STRONG CASTLES FROM THE FRENCH Morfonace and the knights in the town guessed what they were IN THE BOURDELOIS. about, and knew well that if they should succeed they were ruined. THE lord Neville and the English knights, on the morrow, gave They did not fear their other assaults, for the town was well provided orders for the assault being renewed: the trumpets sounded for the with all sorts of stores and artillery for two years, if necessary: attack, and each company advanced to the fort St. Leger, when it wherefore they considered how they might best counteract this mine. began marvellously fierce. That fort is situated on a rock which After having long consulted, they succeeded in their attempt: it was. cannot easily be approached, and the weakest side is defended by in some sort accidental, for things fell out with extraordinary good: wide ditches. The assailants labored hard, but got nothing except fortune for them. many killed and wounded. The attaclk ceased; when they thought Richard, earl of Arundel, was on guard one night with his people,. it most advisable to fill up the ditches as well as they could, that but he was very inattentive to obey the orders he had received, of they might gain more advantage in their next assault. Having filled which the garrison were informed by their spies or otherwise. When up the ditches with much difficulty, the Bretons who were within they had fixed on an hour in which they imagined the army (trusting: the fort began to be more alarmed than before, and not without rea- to,lord Arundel's want of vigilance) would be fast asleep, they sal-. son; so they entered into a treaty. The lords from England, being lied from the town very secretly, and advanced to where the miners, as anxious to assist the king of NavaTre as to recover several places were at work, who had little more to do to complete their mine.. which the Bretons held in the Bourdelois, readily listened to their Morfonace and his company, being prepared to accomplish their en-.. proposals. The fort of St. Leger was surrendered, on condition that terprise, destroyed the mine at their ease; and some of the workmen, the garrison should depart without danger to themselves or fortunes, who were within were never seen afterwards, as the mine fell upo-is and be conducted whither they chose to go. - Thus was the fort of them. St. Leger won by the English; when the principal lords went into When they had finished this business, they said they would awakena Mortain, and found there the souldich de l'Estrade and his party in the guard next the town, in order that they might knew with whatt the manner the herald had described them. He was immediately success their gallantry had been crowned. They advanced to oneit,,::Jmmodated suitably to his rank, and the castle revictualed and of the wings of the army, shouting their war-cry, cutting down tents, reinforced with fresh troops. They then returned by the river Ga- and slaying all they met, so that the whole army was seriouslyy ronne to Bordeaux the same way they had come. alarmed. Morfonace and his companions retreated into St. Maio, When these knights were recruiting themselves at Bordeaux, they without any loss; during which time the English armed themselves,, learnt that a baron held a fort called St. Maubert, six leagues dis- and advanced in front of the duke's division, who was much aston,. tant, in Medoc, from whence he much harassed the country. They ished at this event: he demanded how it could have happened, wheren, embarked on the Garonne great provision of stores and ar0illery, they informed him, that by the negligence of the guard, the mine had. and, having nmounted their horses, marched by land to St. Maubert, been destroyed, and they had suffered a great loss. Upon this, theo with about three hundred spears. The Gascons who accompanied earl of Arundel was sent for arid sharply reprimanded by the duke, lord Neville in this expedition were, sir Archibald de Greilly, the of Lancaster and earl of Cambridge for his neglect: he excused him.. lords de Roussy, de Duras, and de Tournon. On the arrival of these self as well as he was able, but was so greatly ashamed that lie had! barons with their forces before St. Maubert, they encamped, and rather have lost several thousand pounds. After the destruction ofe soon after began an assault, which at the onset was very severe; for the mine, the principal chiefs held a council to determine how they:, the Bretons who were in St. Maubert were men of courage, and had should act. They saw they had lost the season of the year, which. for their captain a person called Huguelin, round whom they rallied, was not to be regained; for should they attempt another mine, winter, and by whose advice they acted with vigor. would come before it could be finished; they therefore resolved,. These first attacks did not harm the Bretons; when the English taking all things into consideration, that their wisest plan w.itld he retired to their quarters, and on the morrow erected their engines to to break up their camp and return to England. Orders were i- om-n. cast stones, in order to break through the roof of the tower in which sequence, issued by the duke and the marshals for the army to de-. they resided. On the third day they ordered an assault, and said camp, and embark on board their fleet in the port of St. Mal-. This. such a ruffianly crew could not hold out much longer. This attack order was soon obeyed; and, having a favorable wind, they made,. was sharp, and many were slain; for never did men defend them- sail for Southampton, where they arrived. On disembarking, they selves better than these Bretons: however, seeing that no assistance learnt that sir John Arundel, the governor of Southampton, was gonewas likely to come to them, they entered into a treaty: for they found to reinforce the garrison of Cherbourg. they would never be left in quiet until they were conquered. Trea- Thus was this army dispersed, when some recrossed the seas,.. ties were concluded between them and the lords of the army, that and others returned to their own country. The common pc.-ple in, they should surrender St. Maubert, and march out without any damage England began to murmur against the nobles, saying they ho.. that, to themselves or fortunes, and should retire into Poitou, or wherever year done little good in suffering St. Male to escape from t'.e.::. in, they chose, and be conducted thither. particular, the earl of Arundel fouindi no favor with them. e wil, When lord Neville had gained St. Maubert, he had it repaired, re- now leave the English, to speak of the French and of Cherl:ie.,rg. victualled, and provided with artillery: he placed therein Gascons to guard it, and appointed a squire from Gascony, called Peter de Prefias, governor, and then returned to Bordeaux. The English at Bor CHAPTER X II. deaux received daily information that Pampeluna in Navarre was besieged, under the conduct of the infant of Castille; but they SIR OIER D UESCIN IS DE PiSONE THE GA OF neither heard from the king of Navarre nor that king from them, CHERHOURG. which very much displeased him. We will now return to the affairs SooN after the English had retreated from St. Male, and th. "renc'mi of Brittany and Normandy, and tell how the siege of St. Malo con-. had reinforced the town and castle, the constable of France I'-::1:lved tinued. to march and lay siege to Cherbourg; of which place sir Job- Lnarl"es tone was governor, who had with him many kniights from: Jni:~landi C H A P T E R xx I and Navarre. The whole army, however, didi not: marcl'her, for the dukes of Berry, of Burgundy, of Douibon, the coi:-i; (e In. THE MINE WHICH THE ENCGLISH HAD MADE AT ST. itAtO FAILS; IN Marche, the dauphin of Auvergne, with o'~her- chiefs and gr'i'l lords,, CONSEQUE~NCE, THE SIEGE IS RAISED, sent back their troops to their different eount, rics. Severe)', n.nt tte. THERS were many grand attacks made by the English on St. Male, pay their respects to the king at Rouen, who very graeiovuiy ~eeived] during the siege; for they had full four hundred cannon, which fired them. The Bretons and Noromans advanced to Val~onr,. trhree day and night against the town and castle. The governor, whose leagues from Cherbourg, where they erected small forts.'i'hey lne' 412 c CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. well that sir John Arundel had reinforced the garrison, and they sup- knights and squires: who so carefully guarded it that no danlakV posed he was still there. was done. We will now leave for a while Cherbourg, and speak u# Between Cherbourg and Valognes are large forests, even as far as lord Neville, the s6neschal of Bordeaux, sir Thomas Trivet, wi'd Coutances. The garrison of Cherbourg could sally fortha, and make others their companions, and show how they prospered. excursions over the country as often as they pleased, for there were in the forests well-hedged roads, which prevented them from being CHAPT R X attacked, and Chlerbourg is one of the strongest castles. The garrison of Valognes were exceedingly vexed that they could not hurt THE FREI'CH GARRISON OF BERSAT* IS DEFEATED. THE TOWN SURREN the English, by harassing the country. Sir Oliver du Gueselin, DERS TO THE ENGLISH. THE KING OF NAVARRE COMES TO O(RDEAUX, brother to the constable, imagined that if he could, by means of the TO SOLICIT AID FROM THE ENGLISH. forest, approach in a cunning way near to Cherbourg, to reconnoitre THE lord Neville. who resided at Bordeaux, had had good infto it; particularly if he could any how besiege it; or if at least he could seize the town, which lies at t- - some little distance. Thhev from the castle, he Ab.u! would so strongly fortify it that the garx ___- rison could not quit' ". or enter the castle without great loss.?i:' Sir Oliver deter." H -m, mined to try this pro-?' etat ject; and taking with him about fifteenlances, and guides i who were acqoaint t-h t he ins_ ed withl the roads a n through the forest, t'o'.' _ he set out one mnorn- ing from Valognes,: - continuing his march r is until he had p assed e to through the forest op. posite to Cherbourg. ge - " T'hat same day sir.John Arundel had ~,:visited the town to se th --- oamuse himself, and ihad brought with,him a squire of Na- k. varre, called John hCoq, to show him the to,town. He was there w.. n l,,, u,informed that the -. and French were at hand -: reconnoitering the rplace. " My lord, OLIVKCR DU GuEsCLN made prisoner by the garrison of Cherbourg.said John Coq, "I have heard that sii Oliver du Guesclin, the constable's brother, has passed the wood, mation that the infanta of Castille, with a large army of shpanarrta, and is examining our castle: for God's sake, let him be pursued. I was besieging the good city of Pampeluna, and that the viscount doe think I can conduct you in such a manner that he must fall into our Chastillon, the lord de l'Escut, Raiinond de Rameren, with several hands, so that we may conquer them all." "By my faith," replied others, were shut up in it; but he had no intelligence of the king of sir John, "I am very willing so to do." Having armed themselves Navarre, nor where he kept himself, which very much astonished secretly, they mounted their horses, in number about one hundred him: he supposed, however, that he should soon hear from him. lancesypicked men, and set out from Cherboucg, entered the forest The inhabitants of Bordeaux and the adjacent countries entreated without the French knowing anything of tle, matter, and rode on. him not to quit those parts, nor to send away any of his men-at-arms, Sir Oliver, finding the place of such strength as to make it impos- so long as the Bretons should hold any forts near them: they in. sible to besiege it, took the same road to Valognes by which he had formed him particularly how the garrison of Bersat very much haras, Jcome. He liad not marched three leagues before sir John Arundel sed the country of' the Bourdelois. To the inquiries of the lord:and John Coq, with their companions, who had been very exactly Neville, how miany Bretons there might be in Bersat; they answered, -conducted, charged them, shouting "OurLadyforArundel!" When there were full five hundred fighting men. Upon this, he called to sir Oliver heard, this cry, and saw them advancing, he wished himself him the s6neschal des Landes and sir William Scrope, and said to "in Valognes: he therefore mounted a fleet courser, in hopes of saving them: "Take two or three hundred lances, with as many archers, himself', for he found the-parties were too unequal for a combat; and and minarch to Bresat, and manage so as to friee the country fron that;his people dispersed themselves in the forest. Too few kept together. garrison; when we will afterwards turn our thoughts to things of John Coq, like a valiant man-at-arms, pursued sir Oliver so closely greater importance." e.that at last hlie made him his prisoner: there were also ten or a dozen These two knights wished nothing more than to obey the orders,more taken; the remainder saved themselves among the trees, aisd they had received; and collecting their men, they crossed the Gareturned to Valognes as well as they could, and related to sir Wil- ronne, and marched toward Bersat. The same day the English had liam des Bordes how they had fallen into an ambuscade, and that left Bordeaux, the garrison of Bersat had made an excursion, with sir Oliver, with i the remainder of the`r companions, had been made about six score lances: they had ascended the river Garonne in hopes prisoners. of meeting some boats, and were under the command of a knight:The knigLhts arfd sqtires atvtiVogaes were greatly hurt at this, but from Perigord, called sir Bertrand Raimond, a good man-at-arms.:help:i't they could not. Sir Oliver du Guesclin was conducted by About a short league from Bersat, the two parties of English and the garrison tothe castle of Cherbourgv where he was told his ransom French came suddenly in sight of each other. When sir Bertrand.,vowuld'be at least ten thousand francs. This capture was great news saw that a combat was unavoidable, he was no way alarmed, bu' ke/'E.ngland; and the business continued thus for a considerable [gave proper orders to his men, who were almost all Gascons, and time. Sir Oliver du Guesclin remained prisoner in Cherbourg, under drew them up in handsome array. the guard of John Coq who had taken him; but sir John Arundel ]The English charged them with couched lances, spurring their had all the protit: he ransomed sir Oliver and those who had been I horses until they were in the midst of them. On the first shock, captured with him, but not immediately. When the garrison of many were unhorsed on each side, and several gallant deeds done. Cherbourg had been reinforced, sir John Arundel returned to South- At last, however, the French Gascons could not maintain the fight, ampton, of wvhich place he was governor. There remained with sir for there were too many. against them, who were likewise chosen.ohn hIarlestone in Cherbourg some English knights; such as sir men. The party from the garrison of Bersat were either slain ot John Copeland, sir John Briole, sir Thomas Pigourde and several *" Bersat" —a small town of Lunmotin, diocese of Limnoges. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 243 made prisoners; very few es aaped. Sir Bertrand Raimond and sir who received his nephew and his companions very agreeably, ana William Hemon were among those taken. The English then rode helped them to find out lodgings. Sir Thomas's intentions were to on toward Bersat. When the garrison found that their party had have continued his march without halting: but sir Matthew Gournay been defeated, they were thunder-struck, and surrendered the place said to him, "Fair nephew, since you have with you so large a force upon their lives being spared. Thus did Bersat become English; let us free this country from the Bretons and French, who hold a and the detachment returned to Bordeaux. At the same time the least a dozen fortresses between this place and Bayonne; otherwise English returned to Bordeaux (the night of All-saints, in the year you leave them in your rear, and they may do us much mischief the 1378,) the king of Navarre came also thither, without being expected. ensuing winter. If you consent, the country will thank you, and I The English received him most honorably; and, after they had lodged entreat it of you." "By my faith," replied sir Thomas, "I am very him and his attendants commodiously, they asked what news from willing." Soon after this conversation, he set about the business, his country and of the Spaniards, for they had received orders to and, drawing out his forces in the plain, marched toward a fort called make such inquiries. He fully answered their questions, by saying Montpin, which was in the possession of the Bretons. A squire from that the infant John of Castille had besieged Pampeluna with a large the county of Foix, whose name was Taillardon, was governor of it. army, and had much constrained those who were within it. He On their arrival, the English began a very severe attack. The fort therefore entreated them, in conformity to the orders they had from was stormed, and all in it put to the sword except Taillardon, who the king of England, to make themselves ready to assist his people, was made prisoner. After having placed in the castle a new garrison, and to raise the siege. The English knights replied they were per- they marched away, and came before another, called Carcilhat, which fectly willing, and through no negligence on their part should the the Gascons held. They immediately commenced an assault, but siege fail to be raised; that they would prepare everything speedily, not gaining it directly, they encamped. On the morrow, they rebut added, "Sir, you will return to your country, and issue out a newed the attack with so much vigor that it was taken, and all within special summons to your people; for we will be with you on a fixed slain except the governor, who was firom Lower Brittany, and called day, when we:.iall be altogether in greater force: besides, your Yvonnet Aprisidly: hlie was given to the English as prisoner, and the people know the country better than we do." The king of Navarre castle burnt. They then marched toward another fort, called Be. replied that they spoke well, and what they had proposed should be senghen, of which a Gascon squire was governor, whose name was done. After this, he remained with the English but three days, when Roger de Morelac. The English were two days before they could he took his leave, and left the city of Bordeaux, returning home by win it, which was at last done by capitulation: the garrison marched sea; for there were, in the neighborhood of Bayonne and the city of out in surety, and each man returned to his home Dax in Gascony, several fortresses in the hands of the Bretons. The From this castle they came before Tassegnon, which is situated king of Navarre safely arrived at the town of St. Jean, where lie three leagues from Bayonne, and laid siege to it. The Bayonnois resided. were much rejoiced when they heard of this; and they were joined firom that town by full five hundred men with lances and shields, bringing with them the largest of their warlike engines. The garC HAP T ER X X I.V rison of Tassegnon having done so much harm to those of Bayonne, THlE INFANT OF CASTILLE BESIEGES FAMPELUNA. SIR THOMAS TRIVET, made them thus desirous of their destruction; but they would never IN CONDLCTING SUCCORS TO THE IING OF NAVARRE, TAKES SEVERAL have succeeded had it not been for the judgment and advice of the FLACES IN GASCONY FROM TsIE FRENCH. English: yet with all their united force they were fifteen days before DURING the time the king of Navarre was at Bordeaux, and since they gained it, which was done by capitulation, on the garrison his return to his own country, John of Castille, son of the king of -marching out in safety under passports from sir Thomas Trivet, who Spain, with the constable of Castille, who was the chief of this war, had them escorted as far as Bregent, which belonged to the French. and whose name was don Pedro de Manriquez, had besieged the The Bayonnois bought the castle for three thousand francs, and then good city of Pampeluna with a large force. razed it, carrying the stones to Bayonne; where the English were With them were the count don Alphlionso, the count de Medina, received with great joy, and had all things according to their wish the count de Manons, the count de Ribede, Peter Ferrand de Fal- by paying for them. esqie, Peter Goussart de Modesque, and several other barons and niaghts from Spain, with their troops.* MI ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~CHIA PT''E R X X V These Spaniards, on their mnarch toward Pampeluna, had taken and H A ER X burnt the town of Lorwich and the city of Viana, on this side Lo. SR THOMAS TRIET WITH THE ENGLISH COMES TO TFEE SUCCOR OF TiRE grono; and there was not a lord in Navarre who dared to show him- ING OF NAVARRE. TE SIEGE OF FAMELUN IS RAISE. self before them, but each remained shut up in his castle. The king THE king of Navarre, who resided at St. Jean du Pied des Ports, of Navarre knew well all this, for he had continually messengers was exceedingly angry that the English were so long coming, for hi, coming and going, but he could not do anything without the assist- country was in great danger; and the city of Pampeluna would have ance of the English. been taken by the Spaniards, had it not been for the viscount de Lord Noville,t who resided at Bordeaux, whither he had been Chastillon, the governor, who had under him in all but two hundred sent by the king of England and his council, was informed of all the Gascon spears, but his prudence and watchfulness prevented it. treaties between the two kings, and that it was incumbent on him to Sir Perducas d'Albret was governor of the town of Tudela in Na. fulfil them. Haviiig considered this matter, he called to him sir varre; the count Pullois and his brother Roger commanded in the Thomas Trivet, a very valiant knight, and said to him, " Sir Thomas, city of Miranda: a knight from Catalonia, called sir Raymond de you know that we have been ordered hither to guard the frontiers of Bageth, was governor of another strong town in Navarre, named this country, to drive out our enemies, and to assist the king of Na- Arques.* The king of Navarre, placing his confidence in these varre, who has been lately here, and told us how much he was in captains, remained at St. Jean du Pied des Ports, and left them to want of our help. You were present when I promised him assistance. act as they pleased. The whole country round Pampeluna w.as deThis must be done, or we shall be blamed. Therefore, my dear stroyed; for none dared to oppose the Spaniards, and they concluded friend and companion, I appoint you leader of the troops I shall send they must by a long siege gain the town. However, those within to this war, and now order you to march thither with five hundred thought otherwise; for the viscount de Chastillon, the lord de l'Escut, lances and a thousand archers. I shall remain where I am, being and sir Williamn de Paux, defended it so well, that the Spaniards be. s6neschal of Bordeaux, under the orders of the king of England; gan to be tired: winter was approaching, it being about St. Andrew's for I must pay attention to what passes here, as this whole country day, and their provision was becoming scarce: for, if the viscount is not very secure against our enemies." "My lord," replied sir de Roquebertin had not reinforced them with men-at-arms and sixty Thomas, "you do me more honor than I deserve: I will obey your horse loads of provision, they would have retreated at All-saints day. orders, as in justice I ought to do, and will acquit myself in this The king of Navarre sent one of his knights, called sir Peter de business to the utmost of my power." "Of that, sir Thomas," an- Bascle, to the English, to entreat them, if they wished to serve him, swered lord Neville, "I am perfectly assured." to hasten their march; for they had too long delayed it, according to Sir Thomas Trivet made no long delay, but, having completed his the promises they had minade, aiud the need he had of them. The preparations, set out from Bordeaux with his complement of men-at- knight rode until he came into the country of Bayonne, and found the arms and archers, taking the road toward Dax in Gascony. There English before a castle named Poulat, to whom he delivered his were with him William Condone, sir Thomas Berton, sir John message very punctually. Sir Thomas Trivet replied, that as soon Affulde, sir Henry Paule, sir William Croquet, sir Louis Malin, sir as the castle he was now before was conquered, he would march for Thomas Fourque, and sir Robert Haston, all Gascons. When this Navarre, and that the knight might return and depend on whathe army was arrived at the city of Dax, they received intelligence that had said. Sir Peter went back, and two days afterwards the castle tIe ling of Navarre was at St. Jean du Pied des Ports, there assem- surrendered, on the garrison marching out in safety. It was re-garbling his men-at-arms. This news was very pleasing to them. Sir risoned, and afterwards the country continued tolerably quiet. There Matthew (Gournay,t uncle to sir Thomas Trivet, was governor of Dax, were some other smaller bodies, who had posted themselves in churches and monasteries, that harassed the country; but they were ~* Ferreras does not mention any siege of Pampeluua, but says the infant advanced to in no great numbers. The English, therefore, declared they could Gorriaz, near Pampeluna, snd afterwards besieged Vians; when, having taken it, be no longer remain with them, but must march to Navarre to raise the ret'trned to Castile. He notices only the first of the Spammiards in the text. —~ol. v. ppP EM., 459. siege of Pampeluna and combat the Spaniards. Lord Neville of Raby. —DmreDAL~.: Sir Matthew Gournay was fourth and youngest son of Thomas, one ofthe murderers 1406, and is bused at Stoke under Hamden, county of Somerset.-Forfurthm'pa'ipc~ of Edward II. tle was a soldier of fortune, an able and valiant man, and smneschal la-es, and his epitaph, see Goeomi's &epulcltral,Monumnent&, vol. ii.'o. 20. des Landes (a sandy tract between Hordeaux and Bayonne.) He died 26th September, I * "Arques" —probably lee Arcos. 14 dCHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. Sir Thomas Trivet, sir Matthew Gournay, with their men, returned were armed and mr inted, but without any trumpets. The captains to Dax, where they halted four days: on the fifth, they departed, and the guides made themselves well acquainted with the dii rent and to, the road to Navarre. Sir Matthew Gournay marched back points of the country, that they might all arrive punctually at Soria to the ciy of Bayonne with those under his command, to defend the at the same time. They had ascended the mountain and advanced country, and to conquer some of the small forts which the Bretons into the plains, when it began to snow and hail so marvellously fast still held. Sir Thomas continued his march until he an'ived at St. that the ground was all covered, and they rode on until the morrow Jean du Pied des Ports, where he found the king of Navarre, who without meeting each other.'This misfortune of the English fell out was right glad to see him. He lodged the knights in the town, and luckily for the inhabitants of V al di Soria, as they had not taken any the men-at-arms found the best quarters they could in the country precautions against an attack'; and, had they met according to the about. The king had, some time before, issued his summons for a plan laid down, they must have taken the town by escalade, without large army to assemble before the city of Miranda: none dared to a possibility of a disappointment. disobey it, and all knights and squires had in consequence prepared When sir Thomas Trivet and the other captains saw that their themselves to march to Pampeluna against the Spaniards. attempt had failed, they were much vexed: they collected themselves News arrived at the Spanish army, that the English with a power- as well as they could, to take some refreshment from their sumptel ful force were with the king of Nawvrre, at St. Jean, to the amount horses, and then to follow the right road to Soria, according to their of twenty thousand men-at-arms. Upon this, a council was held of original intentions. As they had resolved, so did they execute; and, the principal chiefq, to consider whether to wait for the king of Na- after a short breakfast, sir Raymond de Balge, a Navarrois, was varre, or to retreat. This was long debated; for some of the captains chosen to advance before the town with forty lances, in order to draw wished to wait for the English and Navarrois, while others were of a out the javelin-men who were the guard of it. The knight rode up contrary opinion, saying they were not strong enough to meet such to the barriers, where he skirmished with the guard; for these javelinan army, and too much fatigued and worn down by the length of men were fult two hundred; they sallied forth instantly, and began the siege. This council sat a considerable time: at last, orders a combat, when the others retreated by little and little to draw them were given to decamp, and make a handsome retreat into their own further into the plain. The garrison would have very roughly treated country. What inclined them most to this was, that some valiant this detachment, if their ambuscade had not advanced to their assistknights who had great experience in war, declared that their honor ance: they charged the guard full gallop, with spears in their rests, would not suffer any disgrace, for that king Henry, being returned so that at the first shock several were killed and wounded, and the into Castille, had sent, fifteen days before, orders of recal to his son, rest driven back into the town with great loss. They immediately as well as for the discontinuanre of the siege of Pampelun/. closed their gates and barriers, and mounted the battlements for they The Spaniards, therefore, quitted their quarters, and when they expected an assault; but they were disappointed, as the English and marched off, set fire to them, taking the road to Logrono and to St. Navarrois retreated in the course of the day, and returned to their Domingo in Castille. When the inhabitants of Pampeluna saw them quarters, where they had left their men. march away, they were much rejoiced, for they had pressed them They remained there that night; and on the morrow, which was hard. News was brought to the king of Navarre and to the English St. Stephen's day, they marched to a town called Quasquan,* in at St. Jean of the Spaniards having raised the siege, and t thefir re- Navarre, where they met the king of Navarre, who had come thither treat to their own country. They seemed as if much enraged at it, on Christmas-eve. The English, on their way to Cascante, burnt for they would willingly have fought with them. Notwithstanding several villages, and in particular a considerable one called NiI'lete, this, they marched to Pampeluna, where they found the viscount de which they completely pillaged. Chastillon, the lord de l'Escut, and the others, who received them with pleasure. When these men-at-arms had refreshed themselves for two or three C H A P T E R XXV I I. days in Pampeluna, they thought it advisable to march from thenceCH P E X VI and divide themselves in different garrisons, to gain more country: SIR THOMAS TRIVET MAKES AN EXCURSION TO THE TOWN OF ATFARO IP C, ~~~~CASTILLE. PEACE CONCLUDED BETWEEN THlE KINGS OF SPAIN A"W NAkbesides, the mountains of Navarre are too cold in the winter, being A E. EAC OC E B N T tN S SN D N covered with snow. The English were, therefore, ordered to Tudela; ARRE. TE DATH ENY IN F SIN. IS SON JON I the lord de l'Escut to Pont it la Reine;* the count Pullois and his ROWNE AS s SUCCESSOR. brother Roger to Corella, and the lord de Chastillon to Mundon. In WIULE king Henry resided at Seville, in the heart of his kingdom this manner were the men-at-arms distributed, and the king of Na. news was brought to him that the English had made an incursiop varre remained in his palace at Pampeluna. The garrisons in Na- and burnt the town of Soria, in the name of the king of Navarre varre continued in peace without manifesting any inclination to He was much enraged thereat, and swore he would make them pal make excursions during the winter: on which account, the Spaniards for it. He wrote letters to his son, Johln of Castille, commanding dispersed, and king Henry went to reside at Seville, accompanied him instantly to issue a particular summons throughout the kingdom, by his queen and children, and to assemble the nobles: for that he should very shortly be in Castille, to revenge himself on the king of Navarre for the excesses which he had committed. The infant neither dared nor wished to C HAPTER XXVI. disobey the commands of his father, but immediately issued the summons. THE ENGJLISH AND NAVARROIS OVERRUN THIE KINGDOM OF SPAIN. THE While these men-at-arms were collecting, and before the arrival EVENTS THAT BEFEL THEM THERE. of king Henry, sir Thomas Trivet resolved to march toward a handSIR THOMAS TRIVET and his companions were quartered in Tudela, some town in Spain called Alfaro. In this design, he sst out one and had not done anything since their entrance into Navarre; but, evening from Cascante, leaving there the king of Nave'e, with only hearing that the Spanish army was disbanded, they determined to one hundred lances; but they were all such as he could depend on make an excursion into Spain, to perform something for their pay. They came near to Alfaro about daybreak, and halted a league from They made preparations for a secret expedition, and sent information tho town, where they placed themselves in ambush. Sir William of it to the count Pullois and his brother Roger, who came to Tudela Cendrin and sir Andrew Andrac were sent forward, with about ten with two hundred lances and three hundred shields: when they spears, to alarm the place. They came to a little brook which runs were all mustered, they might be about seven hundred spears, twelve before the town, and is dangerous to pass: however, Andrew Andrac hundled archers, and as many other foot soldiers. They loaded and Peter Mascle, Navarrois, made their coursers leap over it, and many horses, with all sorts of provision, and, marching away, en. galloped up to the barriers. camped, on Christmas-eve, in a fair meadow by a river side at the The town was exceedingly alarmed; and, having sounded their foot of the mountain Montcain,t which separates the three kingdoms trumpets to assemble their men-at-arms, they openeal the gates and of Navarre, Castille, and Arragon: on the other side of this moun. barriers, sallied forth, and directly began to skirmish. Of these ten tain lies a country called Val di Soria. This day the weather was lances, there were only those I have named who had crossed the very fine, and wondrous hot. When they had dined, the captains brook, so that, when they saw such numbers advancing, they wheeled assembled in council to determine whether they should remain there about and leaped back again. Those of Alfaro seeing so silall a Christmas-day, or attempt some warlike exploit; for they were on number, and not suspecting an ambuscade, followed them closely, the borders of the enemy's country. They resolved to march that passing the rivulet a little higher up, at the ford. The ten spears very night, so as to arrive at the city of 6oriat by dawn on Christ- allowed themselves to be pursued as far as the ambush, from whence mas-day, and scale its walls. sir Thomas and the others rushed full gallop, shouting their cry, and, This plan was adopted, and orders given ia consequence. Three charging the enemy, unhorsed several. In truth, the Spaniards, unhundred lances were only to be employed; the others with the foot able to withstand the English, turned about as quickly as they could: were to remain where they then were until the morrow, to hear the few escaped death or being made prisoners. success of the enterprise. The count Pullois with one hundred The alarm was great in the town, which made the English think lances, and sir Thomas Trivet with his troops, having guides to con- they should be immediate masters of it, for they saw the inhabitants duet them, were to march in four divisions and to form three ambus- were as good as defeated: however, they were disappointed, for the cades, the more secretly to execute their enterprise and the more women of the place saved it by their presence of mind. While the surely to succeed in it. About two o'clock after midnight, they English were crossing the brook, they closed the gates and barriers, and, having mounted the battlements over the gate, showed every P "Pon:'. aI Reine" —Punte i la Reyna —appears by the map to be in Arragon. inclination to defend themselves. When sir Thomas saw them thus "'Montcain"-probabl v byv the map, Moneaio: it seems near to Taracona "Sui'" —a town of Castille. *' Quasquan"-Cascante, near to Tudela. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 241 drawn up, he said as he was advancing, "Look at these good king of France. Hie acted upon this plan, and gave all his acquaint. women: let us return back, forwe cannot do anything more." Upon ance to understand, except those of' his council, that he was dis. which they retreated, crossed the brook, and made for Cascante, gusted One evening he mmounted his horse incognito, only two carrying with them their prisoners. Sir Thomas Trivet acquired persons with him, set out firom Paris, and rode to his own country, great tavor from the king af Navarre for the success of this ex.- where his people followed him. Iec continued his journey until he pedition. came to Bordeaux, where hlie found the lord Neville, to whom ha About fifteen days after this affair of Alfaro, the Spaniards took related his adventures. HIe attached himself to the English, and hlc field, amounting in the whole, horse and foot, to twenty thousand declared hlie would rather betray his troth to the king of France than men, with a good inclination to combat the English. The king of to his natural lord the king of England. The lord de Mucident re. Navarre, on hcat:ing this, wvent to Tudcla, attended by sir Thomas mained steady to the English ever after as long as hlie lived. Trive' and his troops, and sent orders for all the garrisons of Navarre The duke of' Anjou was much enraged when he heard sf this, tc- march thither: they willingly obeyed his orders, as they wished and swore, that if ever he could lay hands upon him, he would make for notliing more than to engage the Spaniards. The Spaniards his head fly from his shoulders. This was told to the lord de Muciwere only waiting for the arrival of king Ilenry, who had left Seville dent, who in consequence took every precaution in his power. The with a nunerous attendance, and was travcrsing his kingdom to St. lord de Langurant remained steadfast to the French. He was an Domingo, where on his arrival lie halted, and quartered his people able and active knight, and harassed much the vassals of those who in the adjacent plain. When don John heard that the king was had turned to the English possessing lands adjoining to his own comne to St. Domrningo, hlie left Alfaro, and marched thither with his such as the lords de Rosem, de Duras, de Mucident; which made armny. It was the intention of the Spaniiards to lay siege to Tudcela these three barons very angry, and excited them to attempt allmeans and inclose thile king of Navarre in it, or force him to fight. to slay him; for he was their bitter enemly. Tihe kingt of Navarre was infotrmed of all this, and he knew that The lord de Langtrant,,eling a kniight eager for battle, was riding he was not strong enough to risk a battle with king Henry, who had out one day attended by about forty lances: he advanced near to forty thousand mien, including horse and foot. There were some an English garrison called Cadillac,* which belonged to tle captal,::elatcs and barons, wise and valiant men of both kingdoms, in de Buch and his brothers. HI-e posted his mneni in ambiush itn a wood, either army, who foresaw that great troubles might arise if' the two telling them that he would ride alone to the castle to see if any one kings, Henry and Charles, should mutually slay each other in battle: would sally forth against him. His men obeyed: when, riding to they therefore proposed an armistice, that they might endeavor to the barriers of Cadillac, hlie spoke to the guards, asking, " Where is settle their differences: but these negotiators had much labor and Bernard Courant, your captain? Tell him that the lord de Languralt dilfficult; before they could bring matters to an issue, for the English, wishes to tilt with him; and, since he is so valiant a niman-at-arms, who amounted to full two thousand, were haughty and bitter against he will not refuse my request for the love of his lady. If he should the Spaniards, and advised the king of Navarre to risk a battle. not consent, it will turn to his shame, and I will publish everywhere 0Oi the other hand, the Spaniards. who were very nunmerous, held that he had refused to break a lance with me through cowardice." the Enllish and Navarrois cheap. The treaties, however, were One of the valets of Bernard at that time at the barriers, replie drawig to a conclusion; and, wvith much difficulty, an armistice " Lord de Langurant, I have perfectly heard what you have said:? wes agreed on. for six weeks, between the two kingdoms, with the will go and inform my master; for cowardice shall never be a re intent of concluding a peace. The negotiators proposed also that a proach to him, if you will be so good as to wait." "By my fiuth,' marriage shotuld take place between the eldest son of king Henry answered the lord de Langurant, "that I will." The valet went tv with a daughter of the king of Navarre, that the peace might be more his master, whom he found in his chamber, and told hinm what yot solid and diurable. The king of Navarre readily listened to this pro- have heard. posal, for hlie saw by it how highly his daughter would be settled. When Bernard heard this, his heart swelled within him, and he The prelates and barons of both realnis advised also that Charles, fiercely exclaimed, " Give me my arms, anid saddle my steed, for lie eldest son of the king of Navarre, should marry a daughter of king shall never return with arefusal." His orders were promptly obeyed: Henry. This was concluded; and don Henry, king of Castille, was being armed, he mounted on horseback with his lance and buckler, to use his influence with the king of France, under whose guardian- and, having the gates and barriers thrown open, advanced into the ship Charles was, that he should be permitted to return to Navarre. plain. The lord de Langurant was much pleased when he saw him'n T'his lie performed; and the king of France complied with his lowering his spear, he placed himself in the position of a good knight, request. as did his squire. They were both well nlounted; and, spurring TheI king of Navarre, on account of these marriages, was willing their horses, their lances struck with such force on their shields as to surrende:, for ten years, to tie king of Spain, as a security for his shivered them to pieces. At the second pass, Bernard Courant gave good faith, the towns and castles of Estella, of Tudela, and of la such a deadly blow on the shoulder of the lord de Langurant as to Guardia. King Henry consented to give up to the English sir Peter drive him out of his saddle, and fell hiim to the ground. When Courtenay and the lord de l'Esparre, a Gascon, who were his prison- Bernard saw him fall, he was rejoiced, and turning his -horse upon ers. All these different treaties were sealed, and sworn to be faith- him, as the lord de Langurant was raising himself up, Bernard, whc fully observed for ever by the two Icings; and it was agreed that had great strength, caught him with botli hands by the helmet, tore whoever should any way infringe them should submit himself to the it off his head, and flung it snder his horse. judgment of the pope. The troops of the lord de Langurant who were in ambush, noticing While these negotiations were going forward, the king of Navarre, all this, began to advance to rescue their lord. Berinard Courant who was indebted to the English twenty thousand francs, sent the perceived them, and, drawing his dagger, said to the lord de Langu.,iscount de Chastillonr, to Arragon to borrow this sum from the Iing rant, "Surrender yourself my prisoner, lord de Langurant, rescued -f Arragon, who readily lent it to him, but took for his security the or not, or you are a dead man." The lord de Langurant, who.4ood towns of Pampeluna, Miranda, Borgo la Reyna, Corolla and St. trusted to his people for assistance, was shy, and made no answer. lean du Pied des Ports. By these means, the English were paid When Bernard saw that he would not mnake any reply, he was in. %heir demands: they left the king of Navarre, vell satisfied with flamed with passion, and, fearing lest he might suffer from delay,.heir conduct, returned to Bordeaux, and from thence to England. struclk him with his dagger on the head, which was bare, and drove The marriage was concluded between Charles of Navarre and the it into him: then' drawing it back, he put -purs to his horse, galloped.daughter of king Henry: she was called Jane, and was very hand- within the barriers, where he dismounted, and put himself in a pos.,ome. In this year the king of Castille died, and his eldest son, don ture of defence, if there should be a necessity for it. The lord de John, succeeded him. He was crowned with the consent of all the Langurant's people, on coming to him, found him mortally wounded: prelates and barons of Spain, king of Castille, Seville, Gallicia and they were very much enraged at i'., and, having bandaged his wound Cordovai; and they swore to hiss, for ever, fealty and hoissage. About ans well as they could, carnried him back to his castle, where he, on this time, war commenced between the kings of Portugal and Cas- the morrow, expired. Such was the end of the lord de Langurawr tille, which lasted a considerable time, as you will hear related in in Gascony. this history. But we must now return to the affairs of France. At this period, a deed of arms was performed, in the Rochellois against Heliot de Plaisac, a very amiable squire and gallant man-at. arms, governor of Bouteville,t an English garrison, wherein ther,. CHAPT E R XXVIII. were about six score lances, English and Gascons, who, pillaging the whole country, advanced almcs* daily as far as the towns of La ReTHE LORD DE MUCIDENT TURNS TO THE ENGLISH. THE LORD DE LANGU` cchelle or St. Jean d'Angely. They Ikept these towns in such dread RANT IS MORTALLY,' WOUNDED. THE G.OVERNOR. OF BOUTE.VILLE IS RANT IS ORTALLY wOUNDED. THE GOVENOR OF BOUTEVILLE is that none dared to venture out but very privately, which angered DEFEATED, AND THE CASTLE SURRENDERS TO THE FRENCH. greatly the knights and squires of that country. They considered You have before heard that the lord de Mucident had turned to well this business, and resolved eithler to apply such a remedy as the French party. He had remained at Paris for upward of a year, would put a stop to it, or to lose their lives or liberties in the attempt. until he was tired; for lie had expected more from the king of France They collected, in the town of La Rochelle, about two hundred than he had received, which made hium repent having changed his spears, on whom they could depend; for it was toward this town side, He said he had been forced so to do, and that it was not of his that Heliot de Plaisac made his excursions. There were now in it, own tree will. from Poitou and Saintonge, the lords de Touars, de Puissances, sil Hie had therefore resolved to quit Paris privately, where he had too James de Surgeres, sir Perceval de Coulogne, sir Reginsald de GoE long resided, return to his own country, and then surrender himself'" Cadittae"-a viltage in Guiemme. invem teagusi floin Buritealsg. tO tfie English; for he preferred serving the king of England to the t "Bouteville near Coguac. 246 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. mers, sir Hugh de Vivonne, and several other knights and squires, what was going forward. King Henry died on Wednesday. Shortly all well inclined to meet and combat their enemies. These lords *after, on the 25th day of July, the feast of St. James and St. Chris. had had information that Heliot de Plaisac was on his march toward topher, John, eldest son of the late king Henry, was crowned king La Rochelle, insearch of prey. They gave their orders accordingly, of Castille, in the cathedral church of the city of Burgos. All the and sallied out in the evening well armed and mounted. On their barons and prelates of Spain, Galicia, Cordova, and Seville were departure, they directed that the cattle should,. on the morrow, be present, and swore, on the holy Evangelists, their homages to him driven out to the fields to take their chance; which was obeyed. as king. He created that day two hundred and ten knights, and When the morrow came, Heliot de Plaisac and his troop arrived made several magnificent presents. On the morrow after his corobefore La Rochelle, while their foragers collected the cattle, and had nation, he went, attended by great numbers of his nobles, to a conthem driven away by the peasants of the country. They had not vent of nuns, out of Burgos, which is called les Oruches, where he gone more than a league before thile French (who were upward of heard mass and dined. After dinner, there was a grand tournament; two hundred lances) fell upon their wing, quite unexpectedly, and at which the viscount de Roquebertin, from Arragon, won the prize. charged them vigorously; so that, at this first onset, several were When this was over, the king returned to B3urgos, where the feasts unhorsed. HLiot de Plaisac cried out, "On f(ot, on foot! let no lasted for fifteen days." man fly, but send away the horses; for, if the day be ours, we shall The duke of Lancaster asked if the king of Portugal had been in. have horses enow, and, if we lose it, we shall not want any." The vited thither: the herald said, "HIe had been invited, but did not English and Gascons, of Heliot's party, drew up on foot, and in good come; and I was informed he told the envoy who carried the invitaorder. The French did the same, for they were afraid of their horses tion, that he would never attend the coronation of the son of a basbeing wounded by the spears and swords of the enemy. tard." " On my faith," replied the duke, "he did well to send such The battle then commenced. It was severe, and of long contin- an answer, and I thank him for it. Things shall not long remain as nance; for they fought hand to hand, pushing their spears up to their they now are. It shall soon be otherwise, for my brother and myself guards at every thrust. Many gallant deeds were done; there was will call upon don John for that inheritance of which he now styles many a capture, and many a rescue. However, the Poitevins and himself king." Here the conversation ended, when they called for Saintongers won the field, and their enemies were either slain or wine and refreshments. We will now'leave this matter, and return made prisoners, for very few escaped: the forage was recaptured, to what was passing in France. and Heliot de Plaisac taken and carried to La Rochelle. Shortly afterwards, these lords marched to the castle of Bouteville, which was soon and easily taken, for scarcely any one was within C APTR X X. it. Thus was Bouteville gained by the French, to the great joy of THE EARL OF FLANDERS STOPs THiE PROGREass OF AN EMASSADOR FROIM all the country round about. Heliot de Plaisac remained in prison THE XING OF FRANCE TO SCOTLAND: THIS CAUSES GREAT DISSENSIONS for a long time. BETWEEN THEM. KING CHARLErS, who at this time governed France, was very sagaCHAPTER XXIX. cious and subtle, as his conduct showed; for, though hie never quitted SIR THOMAS TRIVET RETURNS TO ENGLAND WITH HIS COMPANIONS. HIS his closet or his amusements, he reconquered all that Ihis predeces. HERALD RELATES TO THE DUKE OF LANCASTER THE PARTICULARS OF sors had lost in the field at the head of their armies, for which he was THE DEATH OF KING HENRY OP CASTILLE, AND THE CORONATION OC IS greatly to be commended. Now, because the king of France knew ~ELD)~EST SON DON JO3~HN. ~that king Robert of Scotland, and that whole kingdom, bore a morta, and hatred to the English (for never can these two kingdoms love each AT this time, sir Thomas Trivet, sir William Helmen, and the other,) that a better understanding between him and the Scots might other knights who had been in Spain to thle assistance of the king be continued, he determined to send one of his knights, and a secreof Navarre, returned to England. They immediately waited on the tary to his council, to king Robert and the Scots, to treat with them; king, who at that time resided at Chertsey: his two uncles, the duke to examine the state of that country, and see whether they were in a of Lancaster and the earl of Cambridge, were with him. These condition to ~carry on any effectual war: for Evan of Wales had knights were graciously received by tihe king and his lords; and cniint ar nayefculwr o vno ae a knights were raciously received by the king and his lords; and during his life-time informed him, that the most certain way of dis.. many questions were asked concerning the news of the countries turbing England was through Scotland. they came from: they told all they knew; how the war had been Te king of nce, hving w considered this matter, had variou The king of France, having well considered this matter, had vorious carried on in Spain and Navarre, and how those two kings had con- ideas on the subject; and, having fixed his plan, he called to him' eluded a peace, relating exactly the articles of the treaties, and also one of his knights, a prudent man, naned sir Peter lord do Bournezel, that the king of Navarre had married his eldest son to a daughter and said: "You will carry this message to Scotland, and salute the of king Henry. ~~~~~~~~of king Henry. ~king and barons, with the assurance that we and our realm are wil. The duke of Lancaster and the earl of Cambridge were very pen- ling to enter into treaties with them on the footing of good friends, sive on hearing this intelligence, for they had considered themselves in order that, when the season shall be favorable, we may send over as heirs to all Spain in right of their wives: they inquired at wht troops, to be there aditted in the lie manner as the practice timekingHenr ha die, an ifthe panirdshad rownd h troops, to be there admnitted in the like manner as the practice has time king Henry had died, and if the Spaniards had crowned his been with our predecessors in former times: and in your journeys s~on lidng. Sir Thomas Trivet and sir W~illiamn Hehnen answered: son king. Sir Thomas Trivet and sir William Helmen answered: thither and back again, as well as during your residence, you will " My dear lords, when king Henry the bastard died, we were not at take care to keep such state as slall become an embassador from the the coronation of his son; for at that time we had retreated Into king; for such is our will; and every expense shall be repaid you." Navarre; but we have a herald who was present, and you may, if The knight answered,"Sire, your orders shall be obeyed. you please, learn from him every particular concerning it." He did not delay his journey long after this; but, when his preThe herald was called in, and the duke desired he would relate parations were ready, he took leave of the king, and set out from how everything passed. He answered: " My lords, I will comply Paris, continuing his route until he came to Sluys in Flanders. He with your request, and tell you all. While these. knights were at waited there for a wind, which being unfavorable, detained hhn fif. Pampeluna, waiting the conclusion of the treaties, I remained by teen days. During this time he lived magnificently; and gold and their permission with the king of Navarre, and was much respected silver plate were in such profusion in the apartments as if he had by him and his people. I left Pampeluna, and accompanied him to been a prince. He had also music to announce his dinner, and St. Domingo, where, on his approach king Henry came out to meet caused to be carried before him a sord in a sabbard, richly t:5 ~~~~~~~~~~~caused to be carried before him a sword in a scabbard, richly him with a numerous train, as a proof of his affection. The king of blazoned with his arms in gold and silver. His servants paid well Navarre and his people were treated with much honor: in the even- for everything. Many of the towns-people were much astonished at ing he was entertained with a very handsome supper. While at the great state this knightlived in at home, which hlie also maintained table, news was brought that a wild boar was discovered in the ad- when he went abroad. Tile bailiff of the town, who was an oce when he went abroad. The bailiff of the town, who was an officer joining moors; a hunting party was directly formed for the morrow. under the earl of Flanders, had noticed this conduct, and could not The two kings and their huntsmen were present; ithe boar was remain silent on the subject, for which he was to blame, but went taken; and they returned to' St. Domingo in the most friendly and informed the earl of it, who at the time resided at Bruges, and manner. his cousin the duke of Brittany with him. The earl of Flanders "The next day, king Henry set out for Pierreferrade,* to keep an having considered a while, with the advice of the duke of Brittany, appointment he had made with his people. He was there seized ordered the embassador to be brouht thither. The bailiff returned with an illness, of which he died. The king of Navarre was told of to Suys, and came very uncourteously to the ing's ight; for h it a li wa onhisroa tovist hm:he etunedbac muh vxedto Sluys, and came very uncourteously to the king's knight; for he it as he was on his road to visit him: he returned back much vexed laid his hand on him, and arrested liln in the name of the Gail thereat. I then took my leave of him, and went to Castille to learn The knis ht was exceedingly surprise d at this proceedin: he tola The knight was exceedingly surprised at this proceeding: lie tola * "Pierre-ferrade." Q. I cannot find anything like this name in the map near to St the ba.liff, that he was embassador and commissioner from the king the bailiff, that he was embassador and commissioner from the king Dmiingo. There is Pon-ferrada on the western borders of Leon, but that appears to be of France. The bailiff said, "that might be; but he must speak roo dista.nt. with the earl, who had ordered him to be conducted into his pres. Denys Sauvage does not seen to understand this passage. once." The knight could not by any means excuse rsimself from Moreri says, Henry died at St. Domingo. i'erreras, in his I-istory of Spain, says, tse vulgar report was, that Henry was poisond being carried to Bruges with all his attendants. When he waqs by means of a handsome pair of buskins, which Malsomet king of Granada sent him as broug~ht into the apartments of the earl, he and the duke of Britt.:sy a present, lest, when having made peace with the king of Navarre, he might tum his were leaning on a window which looked into the gardens. The aries against him. Ferreras himself seems to doubt it. He died at Saint Domingo Ia knight cast himself on his knees before the earl, and said, "My lord, (7asada, 29th Mlay, 1374. The infisat John was instantly proclaimed king, and left St.!},mirsgo for Durgos, carrying with bim the body of his father, which he deposited I am you' prisoner." At which words, the earl was mightily enraged0 umete. in order for its being trslported to Toledo. and replied with a passion, "How, rascal, do you dare to call ylour~ CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 9.3 I. my prisoner, when I have only sent to speak with you? The me but a desire to maintain you in prosperity, as \ good lord should,..bjects of my lord may very freely come and speak with me; but act in regard to his subjects. It must be very displeasing to me, and'iou hast ill acquitted thyself by remaining so long at Sluys without to you also who are my faithful subjects, that I should incur the coming to visit me, when thou knewest I was so near; but, I sitppose, hatred of my lord the king, because I keep with me my cousin-german,hou disdainedst it." "My lord," answered the knight, "saving your the duke of Brittany, who at this time is not in favor with the coun iispleasure" —He was interrupted by the duke of Brittany, who said, of France; nor, in truth, can he place any dependence on his vassals "It is by such tattlers and jesters of the parliament of Paris, and of of Brittany, through the hatred of five or six of his barons. The tihe king's chamber, as you, that the kingdom is governed; and you king insists that I banish him my house and territories, which would,nanage the king as you please, to do good or evil according to your be very extraordinary. I do not say but that if I should assist my,,ills: there is not a prince of the blood, however great he may be, cousin in opposition to France, the king might have cause to coin.,f he incur your hatred, who will be listened to: but such fellows plain: but I have neither done so, nor have I any such inclinations. ihall yet be hanged, until the gibbets be full of them." It is for this cause I have assembled you, to explain to you the dangers The knight, who was still on his knees, was much mortified by that might happen if you should be desirous for him to remain with;hese words: he saw that it was better for him to be silent than to me." They answered unanimously, " My lord, we do wish him to.Rake any reply: he did not therefore answer, but quitted the pres- remain with you: and we know not that prince, however great he'ace of the earl and his lords, when he found an opportunity. Some may be, who should resolve to make war upon you, but who would worthy people who were with the earl made way for him, and carried find in your earldom of Flanders two hundred thousand men com. him to refresh himself. The knight afterwards mounted his horse, pletely armed." and returned to his hotel in Sluys, where I will tell you what hap- This reply was very agreeable to the earl of FIanders, who said, pened to him. Although all his stores were embarked, and there 1 "My good children, I thank you." The assembly now broke up; was a favorable wind for Scotland, he would not sail and risk the and the earl was so well pleased that he gave them permission to dangers of the sea; for he was warned that he was watched by the return to their own homes in peace. The earl, at a proper time, reEnglish who resided in Sluys, and that, if he should sail, he would turned to Bruges in company with the duke of Brittany. Things'oe taken, and carried to England. Through fear of this happening, remained in this situation. The earl was very popular with his sub. he gave up his intended voyage, quitted Sluys, and returned to the jects, and the country continued in peace and prosperity: this, how. king at Paris. ever, did not last long, through extraordinary wickedness, which You may easily imagine, that the lord de Bournezel was not long brought on great tribulation, as you will hear related in this history. before he told the king all that bad befallen him in Flanders: he re. lated everything exactly as it had happened. It was necessary he should do so by way of excusing himself for not having obeyed his CHAPTER XXXI. orders, as the king was very much surprised at his return. When sir Peter was relating the events of this journey, there were present THE DUKE OF BRITTANY RETIRES FROM FLANDERS TO ENGLAND. THll several knights of the king's chamber: in particular, sir John de YOUNG COUNT DE ST. rOL, WHILE A PRISONERIN ENGLAND, MARRTES. Guistelles of Hainault, a cousin to the earl of Flanders, who mutter- THE king of France was punctually informed of everything that ingly repeated the words of sir Peter; so that, thinking the knight had passed, and the speech which the earl of Flanders had made. had spoken too freely of the earl of Flanders, he could not contain He did not love him the better for this: but, as he could not remedy himself, but said: "I cannot thus hear my dear cousin the earl of it, he thought it more prudent to overlook it: he declared, however, Flanders so slightingly spoken of; and if, sir knight, you mean to that the earl was the proudest prince alive. From the king's manner, affirm for truth all you have said, and assert that he by his act pre- it was visible he was the lord he would most willingly have humbled, vented you from fulfilling your orders, I challenge you to the field, both for his pride and for his opposition to his desires. The earl of and here is my glove" Flanders, notwithstanding the king of France had written to say he The lord de Bournezel was not slow to reply: "Sir John, I say was very much displeased at his keeping the duke of Brittany with that I was thus arrested and conducted by the bailiff of Sluys, and him, did not send him away, but entertained him as long as he wished brought before the earl of Flanders; and that every word which I to stay, and gave him a handsome establishment. At last, the duke have spoken as from that earl and the duke of Brittany were said by was advised to visit England, which he likewise wished to see: he them; and if you wish to say anything to the contrary, and that it toolk leave of the earl his cousin, and went to Gravelines, where he was not so, I will take up your glove." "I do say so," replied the was met by the earl of Salisbury, with five hundred men-at-arms and lord de Guistelles. At these words, the king looked very grave, and a thousand archers, for fear of the French garrisons, and conducted said, "Come, come; we will hear no more of this." He then retired to Calais: sir Hugh Calverley, the governor, received him with all into his closet, attended by his chamberlains, very well pleased that respect. si- Peter had so frankly spoken, and had so well answered sir John When the duke had staid at Calais five days, having a favorable de Guisteolles. He said to them smiling, " He has kept his ground wind, he embarked with the earl of Salisbury, and landed at Dover, well: I would not for twenty thousand francs it had not so hap- and from thence went to the young king Richard, who received them pened." Sir John de Guistelles, who was one of the king's cham- with.muchjoy; as did also the duke of Lancaster, the earls of Cam. berlains, was afterwards so ill at court, and received with so much bridge and Buckingham, and the great barons of England. coldness, that he noticed it, and wished not to abide the consequen. You have before heard how sir Valeran de Luxembourg, the young ces: he therefore took leave of the king, and went to Brabant to count de St. Pol, had been made prisoner in a battle between Ardres duke Winceslaus, who retained him in his service. With regard to and Calais, and had been carried to England under the king's pleathe king of France, he was much angered with the earl of Flanders; sure, who had purchased him of the lord de Gommegines: for the for it appeared to several of the kingdom, that he had prevented the lord de Gommegines had set on foot this expedition, in which the lord de Bournezel from continuing his journey to Scotland. He had count had been made a prisoner by a squire, a good man.-at-arms, also entertained his cousin the duke of Brittany, who was greatly from the country of. Gueldres. The young count de St. Pol remained out of favor with the king of France. Those who were near the a long time a prisoner in England, without being ransomed: true it person of the king easily saw that the earl of Flanders was not in is, that the king of England, during the lifetime of the captal de his good graces. Shortly after this event, the king of France wrote Buch, offered him several times to the king of France and to his very sharp letters to his cousin the earl of Flanders, which contained allies in exchange for the captal; but neither the king of France nor also menaces, for that he had supported and kept with him the duke his council would listen to it, nor give up the captal in exchange, to of Brittany, whom he considered as his enemy. the great dissatisfaction of the king of England. The earl wrote back again, and made the best excuses he could. Things remained for sonle time in this situation. The count de These were, however, of no avail; for the king of France sent him St. Pol had an agreeable prison in the beautiful castle of Windsor,, sharper letters, in which he declared, that if he did not send away and was allowed the liberty of amusing himself with hawking wherhis enemy the duke of Brittany, he would look upon him in the same ever he pleased in the environs of Westminster and Windsor: he light. When the earl of Flanders saw the manner in which the king was thus trusted on the faith of his word. The princess, mother of took it, and that he would follow it up, hlie considered with himself king Richard, resided at that time at Windsor, with her daughter,.. (for he had a quick imagination,) and resolved to show these menaces the lady Maude, the most beautiful woman in England. The young:: to his principal towns, more especially to Ghent, to know what answer count de St. Pol and this lady fell loyally in love with each other:: they would wish him to send. He dispatched copies to Bruges, they frequently met at dancings, carollings, and at other amuse Ypres and Courtray; and he set out with the duke of Brittany for ments; so that it was suspected the young lady tenderly loved the. Ghent, where they lodged at the postern gate. He was received by count, and she discovered the whole to her mother. A treaty of' the citizens with very great joy, for at that time they were much marriage was then entered into between the count de St. Pol and the pleased to have him an. og them. When the deputies from the other lady Maude Holland: the count was ransomed for six score'thousand towns were arrived, according to their orders, the count had them francs; of which one half was to be remitted on his marriage, the: assembled; and John de la Faucille harangued them, in his name, remainder he was to pay. When the treaty had been concluded be.. on the cause of his meeting them: he read to them the letters which tween the young people, the king of England granted permissioh for: mad been received within the last two months from the king of France. the count to cross the sea, in order to procure his ransom, on his proc. B.fter these letters had been read, the earl spoke as follows: " My mise to return within the year. The count went to France to see, childre n, and good people of Flanders, through God's grace, I have his friends, the king and his cousins of France, the earl of Flanderr,, been for a long time your lord: I have governed you in peace as the duke of Brabant, and also duke Albert. much as was in my power; and you have never seen anything in In this year, a cruel charge was laid against the count de St. Pol! 248 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. ne was accused of an intention to deliver up to the English the strong eastle of Bouchain. The king ordered him to be arrested and closely C H A P T ER XX X I II. guarded, declaring that the count in fact meant to have entered into GROFPRY TETE-NOIRE AND AIMERIGOT MiARCEL, CAPTAINS ATTACHED TO treaties inimical toward him; from which charge the count could ENGLAND, TAKE SEVERAL STRONG PLACES IN AUVERGNE AN) LIMOUSIS never clear himself. On this occasion also, the lord canon de Robe- FROM THE FRENCH. eart, the lord de Vertaing, sir James du Sart and Gerard d'Obies, TERE happened daily in Auvergne and Limousin feats of ams, TtEraE happened daily in Auvergne and Limousin feats of arnis. were imprisoned in the castle of Mons in IHainault. This charge at and wonderful enterprises; more especially in the neighborhood of and wonderful enterprises; more especially in the neighborhood of length came to rc-thing; for, the king of France not being able to the castle of Ventadour, in Auvergne, which is one of the strongest t~ the castle of Ventadour, in Auvergne, which is one, of the strongest prove anything against them, they were set at liberty. The young places in all that country. It was sold or betrayed to the most cruel count returned to England, to acquit himself of his engagement to of all Bretons, called Geoffry.Ttenoire. I will relate how this the king, andto marry his bride. He paid the sixty thousand francs happened. according to his obligation, and recrossed the sea, but did not enter The count de Ventadour de Montpensier was an ancient kght The count de Ventadour de Montpensier was an ancient knight France, for the king disliked him much. oand honorable man, who no longer took part in the wars, but remained The count and countess went therefore to reside at the castle of peaceably in his castle: this knight had a squire, or varlet, called Han-sur-Heure, which the lord de Moraine, who had married his Pence du Bois, who had served him for a length of time without sister, lent them; and there they remained during the life of the king having profited much by his sevice: seeing that hencefrward he of France; fbr the count could never regain his love. We will now should have no opportunities of gaining riches, hlie determined, by bad leave these things, and return to France. advice, to enrich himself, and in consequence entered into a secret treaty with Geoffry TUte-noire, who resided in Limousin, to deliver up the castle of Veritadour to him for the sum of six thousand francs. C H A P T E R X X X II. This was agreed to; but lie had inserted among the conditions that THE DUKE OF ANJOU MAKES WAR ON BRITTANY. SIR WILLIAM DES no harm should be done to his master, the count de Ventadour, and BORDES IS TAKEN PRISONER BY THE GARRISON OF CHERBOURG. that he should be put out of his castle in a courteous manner, and that AT this period, all Brittany was armed, as well against the duke as everything of his should be restored to him. This wis complied against the French. Several of the principal towns had a good undr- with, for the Bretons and English who entered the castle did not in against the French. Several of the principal towns had a good nunder. tandig with the due, and wondered he was not sent back: there the smallest degree hurt the count nor his people, and only retained standing with the due, and wondered m. the stores and artillery, of which there were great plenty. were also many knights and squires of Brittany of the same opinion; the tores and artillery, of which there were great plenty. and, by means of a treaty, the countess de Penthievre, mother to the Th we n d Ventadour went to reside at Montpensiere with children of Charles de Blois, was not averse to his return. But sir his wife and hildren, beyond Aigueperse in Auvergne. f eofmwec Tgte-noire and his troops kept possession of Ventazdour; fi'om whence Bertrand du Guesclin, constable of France, the lords de Clisson, de Laval, the viscount de Rohan, and the lord de Rochefort, kept the they ravaged the country, and took many strong castles in Auvergne, R ouergue, Limousin, Quercy, Gevaudan, Bigorre, and in the Age. country in a state of warfare with the force sent them from France. Roegue, imousn, Query, Gevaudan, Bigore, and in the Age nots, one after the other. At Pontorson, St. Malo, and in that neighborhood, were great num. noiso t other bers of men-at-arms from France, Normandy, Auvergue, anvi Burl With this Geoffry Tgte-noire, there were other captains, who doe-tanevmatn, Aperformed many excellent deeds of arms, as Aimerigot Marcel, a gundy, who committed very great Leasaimousi gundy, who committed very great devastations. Limousin squire attached to the English party, who took the strong The duke of Brittany, who was in England, received full intormaofalT tisadahe duke of Ay, whow, reseidedfcastle of Cassuriel, situated in the bishopric of Clermont in Auvergne; tion of all this, and that the duke of Anjou, who resided at Angers, tasionr, the war into his-country lie heard also that Ange rs,- from whence the above-mentioned Aimerigot and his companions rwas carrying the war into his country.: he heard also that the princiwas carrying war his country: he heard also that the princioverran the country at their pleasure. Captains of other castles were pal towns had armed themselves against the French, as well as sev-o also in his company, such as the bourg Calart, the bourg Angloisthe ortal knights and squires, in his name, for which he felt himself muchbordeCmpag, Ryode FreaG anPtrd obliged. But, notwithstanding all these favorable symptoms, he was bourg de Chanpagne, aymond de Force, a Gascon, and Peter d B~arn, a Bgarnois. afraid to return to Brittany with full confidence in them, for he was A mex wl always suspicious of some treason: neither did his own council, the Aimerigot made one day an excursion, with only twelve compSn king of England, nor duke of Lancaster advise him to go thither. os to seek adventures: they took the rad toward Aloise, ne S. tSir William des Bordes maintained the garrisons in Nr dand Flour, which has a handsome castle, in the bishopric of Clermnont: Sir William desBordes maintained the garrisons in Normandy and Valognes of which he was captain: he had with him the deputy s6n- they knew the castle was only guarded by the porter. As they were esohal of Eu, sir William 1Marcel, sir Braque do Braquemfont, te'riding silently toward Aloise, Aimerigot spies the porter sitting on eschal of Eu, sir William Marcel, sir Braque de Braquemont, the tetuko rewtotieo hcsl:aBeowoso the trunk of a tree Writihoutside of the castlte: a B~reton, whlo shot lord de Torcy, sir Percival d'Ayneval, the bhgue d'Yury, sir Lancelot etrnkf e witho oft ast B on o s de Lorris, with many other knights and squires, who, day and night, extraordinarily well with a cross-bow, says to him, "ould you like employed their thoughts in devising how they could damage Cher- to have that orter kiled at a shot? "Yes, replied erigot; and bourg, of which sir John Harlestone was governor. The garrison I beg you will do so."' The cross-bowman shoots a bolt, which he Cherbourg made as Jequent sallies as they pleased; for they could do drives into the porter's head, and knocks him down: the porter, feelCherbourg made as frequent sallies as they pleased; for they could doinhnsefmralwoddegnsteaehc eatmpso so without any one knowing of it, through the extensive forest with ig hielf mortally wounded, regains the gate, wich he attempts to which they were surrounded. They had made a road through the shut, but cannot, and falls down dead. Aimerigot and his compan. wood in such a manner that they could overrun part of Normandy ions hasten to the castle, which they enter by the wicket, and see the wood in such a manner that they could overrun part of Normandy without danger from the French. porter lying dead and his wife distracted beside him: they do her no It fell out that both garrisons made an excursion the same day harm, but inquire where the constable of the castle is: she replies that he is at Clermont. They promise to spare her life, if she will without the knowledge of each other, and by accident met at a place tha he erothe po t e e i he called Pastoy-Bs-Bois. When they met, like knights and Squires give them the keys of the castle and of the dungeon; which when ealled Pastoy-i6s-Bois. When they met, like knights and squiresshhadoefrseculntaywydfndeslteybu sir Lancelot de Lorris, she had done, for she could not any way defend herself, they shut desirous of fighting, they all dismounted except sir Lancelot de Lorrisher out having given h, who remained on horseback, his lance in its rest, and his target on heoulcarawyer what belonged to her, and indeed as much his neck, requesting a tilt in honor of his lady. Several heard his de- as she could carry away. She went to St. Flour, which is but a league mand; for there was also among the English some knights and squires off: the inhabitants were much frightened, as well as the adjoining who had bound themselves in like manner by vows of love to their country, when they heard that Aloise was become English. ladies. I believe it was sir John Copeland, a hardy knight, who ac- Soon after this, Aimerigot Marcel recaptured the strong castle of cepted his challenge. Then, spurring their horses, they charged each Balon by surprise; the governor was asleep in the great tower, when other very gallantly, and gave dreadful blows on their targets. Sir he scaled the walls, for the place was not easy to be taken by force;:Lancelot was, however, so severely struck by the English knight that but, by means of this tower, the castle might be gained. Aimerigot, his shield and other armor was pierced through, and himself mor therefore, thought of a subtle trick: having possession of the father his shield and other armor was pierced through, and himself mor.and not o tally wounded. It was a great pity, for he was an expert kmgst, er of the governor, he ordered them to be led in sight of young, handsomedI and much in love. He was there and elsewhere the tower, making every preparation to behead them, if the son did young, handsome, and much in love. He was there and elsewhere ~sincerely lamanted. not surrender himself. The good people thought they were instantly The French and English then attacked each other, fighting hand to to be murdered, and cried out to their son to take compassion on ihand. Onthe part of the French, sir William des Bordes, the deputy them, bewailing most lamentably their unfortunate lot. e6neschal of Eli, sir William Marcel, sir Braque do Braquemnont, and The governor was much affected: he could not suffer his parents the others, showed themselves good knights, and fought manfully. to be put to death: h therefore surrendered the tower, when the,Sir John Harlestone, sir Philip Picourde, sir John Burley, sir John whole family were thrust out of the castle. Thus did Balon belong to the English, a circumstance which, in its consequences, much,Copeland, and the rest of the English behaved well; and, from their to the English, a circumstance which, in its consequences, much superior fighting, they at last won the day. The French knights and harassed the country;for all sorts of people who wished to do evil Y_ __ __ 1 -__ ~_ - -, — I___- r-!__retired thither. or to Cassuriel, two leagues fi'om Limogres, to Carlat, squires were either taken or slain: in particular, a squire from Ham, retired thither, or to Cassuriel, two leagues from Limoges, to Carlat, aullt, called William do Bea4 iou, and sir William des Bordes were to Aloise, to Ventadour, or to some other such castles. When these gmade prisoners. They wes. sonducted to Cherbourg, where they garisons were all collected in a body, they might amount to five ou Irnet sir Oliver dn Gnesclin, who was a prisoner also. six hundred lances: they overran the whole country, and the terri shua et dedithe business, as I was informed. tories of the count dauphin d'Auvergne, situated at no great distance from their garrison; for none ventured to oppose them when thus collected together. It is true, the lord de Chupier was a great enemy to them; as were the lord de Forterel and the bastard de Forterel *"Montoeraier" —a town in Auvergne, diocose of Clermoat, near Aigueperse CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c, 249 his brother, and a squire from the Bourbonnois called Gordomes. passed on this subject, that his barons and prelates were quite satis. This Gordomes, Bne day meeting Aimerigot Marcel, by a gallant fled. Notwithstanding this, the churches in the empire obeyed exploit, took him prisoner, and ransomed him for five thousand francs: Urban; but the whole of Scotland acknowledged Clement. so much did he gain for him. Thus was the war carried on in Earl Lewis of Flanders oppressed very much the Clcmentists in kuvergne, Limousin, and the adjoining countries. Brabant, Hainault and Liege; for he was a determined Urbanist, and said that this pope had been scandalously treated. The earl was so much believed and loved in the parts where he resided, that, CHAPTER XXXIV. on his sole account, the churches and landholders followed his opinion. But those of Hainault, with the churches and their appendages, A SCIISM IN THE CHURCH. THE CAUSE OF IT. THE BRETONS MAKrE WAR as well as their sovereign, called Albert, remained neuter, and obeyed O TE ROMANS. THE QUEEN OF NAPLES GIVES UP HER TERRITORIES neither one nor the other of the popes; for which reason, the arch TO POPE CLEMENT VII. bishop of Cambray at that time, called John, lost his temrnralities in I HAVE been a long while silent on the affairs of the church: I Hainault. now icturn to them, for it is become necessary. You have before Pope Clement, about this time, sent the cardinal de Poitiers, a heard how the cardinals, to appease the Roman populace, who were very prudent and wise man, to France, Hainault, Flanders and Bra. very much enraged against them, had chosen for pope the archbishop bant, to preach and to instruct the people; for he had been present of Bari, whose name, before his elevation, was Bartholomew Prig- at the first conclave, and could well explain that through fear they nano: he afterwards assumed that of Urban VI. and gave indulgences had elected the archbishop of Bari to the papacy. The king ot according to the usual custom. The cardinals intended, on a proper France, his brothers and the prelates of that realm, received him very opportunity, to make another election: for this pope, being choleric graciously, and listened attentively to his words and doctrines, which and obstinate, was neither profitable to them nor to the church; so seemed to carry truth with them, and to be of a nature to engage that when he found himself invested with the powers of papacy, in their whole faith. On leaving France, he went to Hainsult, where consequence of which many princes of Christendom had written to he was received withjoy. He was also received in the same mannet him to acknowledge their obedience, he became very haughty, and by the duke and duchess of Brabant, but gained nothing more. He desirous of retrenching the powers of the cardinals, and depriving thought of calling at Liege on his return, but was advised to the them of several of their rights and accustomed prerogatives. contrary, and therefore returned to Tournay, intending to visit FlanThis conduct was highly displeasing to them: they held a meet- ders from thence, and converse with the earl: however, hlie did nriot; ing, and declared that he would never do them any service, and was for it was signified to him from the earl, that he would have nothing besides unfit to govern the Christian world. Several proposed to elect to say to him, considering Urban as pope, and in that opinion would another, more wise and prudent, and better able to govern the church. live and die. The whole body were eager for this, more especially that cardinal The cardinal went from Tournay to Valenciennes, and from who was afterwards elected pope. During the whole summer, the thence to Cambray, where he staid a long time in hopes of receiving affair continued in suspense; for those who wished a new election good news. Thus was the Christianworld divided, and the churches dared not publicly declare their intentions for fear of the Romans. differed in regard to which was the legal pope Urban had the larAbout the time of the vacations, many cardinals left Rome to amuse ger number; but the most profitable in revenue and obedience fell themselves in different places in the neighborhood. Urban went to to Cleuet. a city called Tivoli, where hlie remained a considerable time. During Clement, by the advice of his cardinals, sent to have the palace at these vacations or terms (that lasted not long, for there were many Avignon prepared for him; for it was his intention to repair thither clergy from different parts of the world at Rome, waiting for graces as soon as he was able. In the interim, he resided at Fondi where which had been promised, some of whom had been collated to he granted his indulgences to all such clergy as were desirous of churches,) the refractory cardinals assembled to elect a pope, and having them. Large bodies of soldiers occupied the plains and vil. their unanimous choice fell on sir gobert de Geneva, son to the lages near Rome, and made war upon thatcity and the village of St. count of Geneva, whose first promotion had been to the bishopric of Peter, which they attacked day and night; while those who were in Terouenne, then to the archbishopric of Cambray, and at last cardi. the castle of St. Angelo gave much disturbance to the Romans. nal of Geneva. The greater number of cardinals attended this elec- The inhabitants, having strengthened themselves by many German tion. The new pope took the name of -Clement. soldiers, collected together, and in one day conquered the village of At this period, Silvester Budes, a valiant knight from Brittany, St. Peter: such Bretons as were able, secured themselves in the was in the country near Rome, and had under him upward of two castle of St. Angelo; but they were so much harassed, as to sur. thousand Bretons, who in the late years had done much against the render the castle on having their lives spared, and retreat toward Florentines, whom pope Gregory had made war upon and excom- Fondi, and to the flat country thereabouts. The Romans dismantled municated for their rebellion; but, through the intercession of Silves- the castle of St. Angelo, and burnt the village of St. Peter. ter Budes, they had been pardoned. Pope Clement and the cardinals When sir Silvester Budes, who was still in that country, heard of his party, sent secretly for him and his troops. He marched that his people had lost the village of St. Peter and the castle of St. directly into the strong castle of St. Angelo, in the village of St. Angelo, he was much vexed, and thought how he could revenge:Peter, the better to check the Romans. himself on the Romans. He learnt from his spies, that the principal Pope Urban, and the cardinals attached to him, were afraid to persons from the city were to meet in council at the capitol; upon luit Tivoli, though they very much wished it, on account of these which he planned an enterprise of men-at.-arms, whom he had gretons; for they were determined men, who murdered all whom retained near him, and rode that day through by-roads to Rome, they met in opposition to them. The Romans, on finding how dan-. which he entered by the gate leading to Naples. On his arrival, he gerously they were situated, sent for other soldiers, Germans and made directly for the capitol, and came there so opportunely that the Lombards, who daily skirmished with the.Bretons. Clement granted council had just left their hall, and were in the square. These Breindulgences to all the clergy who wished for them, and published his tons, couching their spears and spurring their horses, charged the election throughout the world. Romans full gallop, and slew and wounded numbers of the principal When Iking Charles ofFrance was informed of this, he was much persons of the city. Among those that lay dead in the square were astonished: he summoned his brothers and all the great barons, the seven banners and two hundred other rich men: a great many more prelates, the rector and principal doctors of the university of Paris, were wounded. When the Bretons had performed this exploit they to know which of the two popes, the first or the last, he ought to pay retreated, as it was evening: they were not pursued, on account of obedience to. This matter was not soon determined, for the clergy the night, and because the Romans were so frightened that they were of divided opinions: but, in the end, all the prelates in France could only attend on their friends. They passed the night in great inclined to Clement, as did the king's brothers and the majority of anguish of heart, burying the dead, and taking care of the wounded the university of Paris. The king received so much instruction and The next morning, they bethought themselves of an adt of cruelty, information at this assembly from the most learned of the clergy, which they put into execution: they attacked the poor clergy who that he put himself under the, obedience of Clement, whom he held resided in Rome, and who had not been guilt) of the smallest fault. for the true and loyal pope. He then published an edict throughout slew and wounded upward of three hundred, but in particular, they his realm for every person to consider Clement as pope, and to obey showed no mercy to any Bretons who fell into their hands. In this hinm as a god upon earth. The king of Spain was of the same opin- miserable situation was Rome and its neighborhood, on account of ion; as were the earl of Savoy, the duke of Milan and the queen of two popes; and those who had not been any way concerned in the Naples. business paid dearly for it. Clement having gained the king of France, his cause acquired Pope Clement and his cardinals resided at Fondi, where the queeu great credit; for the kingdom of France is the fountain of faith and of Naples came to visit and encourage him; for she and her subjects of excellence, from the grand churches which are established there were attached to him as pope, and anxious to support hnm as such. and the noble prelatures. Charles of Bohemia, king of Germany and The queen of Naples* had entertained an idea for a censiderable emperor of Rome, was still living: he resided at Prague in Bohemia, time of surrendering the kingdom of Sicily and county of Provence, where he had heard of all these things to his great astonishment. which were dependencies on her crown, into the hands of the pope, However, his empire of Germany, excepting the bishopric of Trect,* for him to give according to his will, as an inheritance, to any prince was so strongly inclined in their faith to Urban, that they would not of high birth in France, but who must have time means of defending hear mention made of another. The emperor dissembled as long as her against those of the house of Hungary, whom she mortally hated he lived, and replied so courteously, whenever any conversation * "The quee a of Naples;" the celebrated Joan. Her histomy is dittrently related " Trect" Q. Trent. from Froissart's account. 250 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. On the queen's arrival a-t Fondi, she humbled herself before the Pope Clement heard this speech with pleasure, and received the pope, and having confessed herself to him, related all her affairs gift ia great reverence, replying, " My daughter of Naples, we will without disguise, adding: "Holy father, I possess several great and take such measures that your territories shall have an heir of your noble inheritances; the kingdoms of Naples and Sicily, la Puglia, noble and powerful blood, and who shall be fully able to resist all Calabria, and the county of Provence. In truth, king Lewis of who may wish to oppose him." Public. and authentic acts were Sicily, duke of la Puglia and Calabria, my father, during..,s lifetime, acknowledged holding these territories from the church, and, taking my hand on his deathbed, said to me: My good child, you are heiress of a very extensive and rich couna try; and I believe tthat many princes will endeavor. to obtain you for a wife on ae. count of the handsome territories you will ___'_ possess. Now, I mwould recomend you to follow my advice, which is, to unite yourself with a powerful prince, who will SW. be able to keep your kingdoms in peace; the f, and should it so happen that, through 1M, God's will, you have not any heirs, yield to whoever may be att the time pope all - t. your territories; for king Ro tert, my fw. a-e ther, so charged me on his death-bed, " which is the reason, my dear daughter, I order you so to do, and discharge myself from it. Holy father, I promised to corn.m ply with his wishes, and pledged my faith, / in the presence of all who were in the ehamber, to fulfil his last request. In a truth, heoly father, after his decease, with the con sent of the nobles of Sicily and Naples, I wedded Andrew of Hungary, " brother to Lewis king of Hungary, by whom I had not any children; for he died ot a young man, at Aix in Provence.* After his death, they married me to Charles — La.". prince of Taranto, by whom I had a - daughter. Thee king of Hungary, being angry that his brother died, made war on Qu*:s OF NaPLEs surrendering her Territories to pope Clement VI. From a aIS. of the 15th century. my husband, the lord Charles, and took from him la Puglia and Calabria: he also made him prisoner in battle, carried him to Hungary, where he drawn up of all these gifts, so that they might in future establish died during, his confinement. the right, and make everything clear to those who in times to come "After this, with the consent of my nobility, I was united to James may hear of them.* king of Majorca, who went to France for the lord Louis de Navarre to come and marry my daughter, but he died on the road. The king of Majorca left me with the intention to roconquer his kingdom of Majorca, which the king of Arragon kept from him by force; for POPE CLEMENT GOES TO AVIGNON. HE MAKES THE DUIE OF ANJOU MAC. he had put his father to death in prison, and disinherited the son. I NIFCENT PRESENTS. SR SILVESTER U ND I COPIS A told the ki-ng, my husband, that I was sufficiently rich to maintain him in as pompous a style as he should please; but he insisted so WHEN the queen of Naples and the lord Otho of Brunswick had much, and gave such plausible reasons for recovering his inherit- concluded with the pope the object of their journey to Fondi, and ance, that I consented, with a half-willing mind, for him to act as he had remained there to amuse themselves as long as they chose, they pleased; but, on his departure, I particularly enjoined him to go to took leave, and returned to Naples. Pope Clement thought it would king Charles of France, and explain to him his business, and to fol- not be for his advantage to remain longer so near Rome. Having low what hlie should advise: this, however, he totally neglected to learnt that Urban and the Romans were laboring hard to gain the do, and ill consequences resulted from it; for he went to the prince love of the Neapolitans and the lord Charles Durazzo, he was alarmed of Wales, in whom he had greater confidence than in the king of lect the roads to Avignon should be so blocked up by sea and France, who is my relation, and who promised to assist him in his land that he would not get thither, which he was very desirous to ac. undertaking. However, during the time he was on this e:pedjieon, complish. What made him the more eager to arrive at Avignon was I wrote and sent embassadors to the king of France, to desire he his wish to present as a gift, without prejudice or violation, those would send me a nobleman of the blood.royal, to whom I might give rights which the queen of Naples had given him over the kingdoms my daughter. that our territories should not be without heirs. The of Naples and Sicily, to the duke of Anjou, and which had been le. king of FIance attended to my proposals, for which I thank him, and gaily signed and sealed. sent me his cousin Robert d'Artois, whom I married to my daughter. He therefore prudently arranged his affairs in secret, ano embarked " Holy father, my husband, the king of Majorca, died during his on board the galleys which had been sent from Arragon, attended by expedition: I then married the lord Otho of Brunswick. The lord his cardinals and their families: having favorable winds, they ar. Charles Durazzo, seeing that the lord Otho would enjoy my inherit. rived, without accident, at Marseilles, to the great joy of the people ance during my life, made war upon us, and took us prisoners in the in those parts: thence the pope went to Avignon, and sent informa. Castle del Ovo, when the sea was so high that it seemed to cover us. tion of his arrival to the king of France and his brourhers, who were We were all so much frightened that we surrendered ourselves, on much pleased thereat. The duke of Anjou, who at that time resided our lives being spared. The lord Charles detaind in prison my hus- at Toulouse, waited on him. The pope, immediately on his arrival, band, myself, my daughter, and her husband, so long that the two presented him with all those powers with which the queen of Naples last died. We gained our liberty afterwards by a treaty, which gave had invested him. The duke of Anjou, who was ever ambitious to up to him la Puglia and Calabria; and he now looks to inherit Na- be possessed of honors and large possessions, received these gifts ples, Sicily, and Provence; for which reason he seeks alliances most gratefully, and accepted them for himself and his heirs, telling everywhere, and will set aside the rights of the church as soon as his holiness, that as soon as he was able, e would visit these coun shall be dead, or at least *he will do everything in his power to tries with such a force as should enable him to resist all the enemies accomplish it. of the queen of Naples. The duke remained with the pope about "4Wherefore, holy father, as I wish to acquit myself toward God, fifteen days, and then returned to Toulouse to the duchess and his vou, and the souls of my predecessors, I now place in your hands children. The pope gave the command of his men-at-arms to sir all the territories. which belong to me, of Sicily, Naples, la Puglia, Bernard de la Salle and to Florimond Guerrier. Calabria, and Proirence, and give them up to you to dispose of to At this period, there was in Tuscany a right valiant English knight, whomsoever shall be to you the most agreeable, and who shall be called sir John Hawkwood,1 who had there performed nanny most able to conquer them from our enemy Charles Durazzo." gallant deeds of arms; he had left France at the conclusion of the * She had him murdered, and thrown out of a window at Aversa, where he lay for * For further accounts of her litu, see Bayle's Dictionary. reveral days, and was at last interred secretly by his nurse, who was very fond of him, t "Sir John Hawkwood." For an account of him, see vol. vi. of the Bibliotheca andi a canon of St. Januarius, in the cathedral of Naples. The whole tale which she Britannica, where there is a life of him, his engraved portrait and tomb. See also Ma talates is very incorrect Shepherd's life of Poggio Bracciolini CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 251 peace of Bretigny, and was at that time a poor knight, who thought though at last hlie was forced to it: he had hitherto seigned in greal it would be of no advantage to him to return home; but when he prosperity and peace, and had as many pleasures and enjoyments at saw, that by tile treaties, all men-at-arms would be forced to leave any earthly lord can have. The wars which ensued were caused France, he put himself at the head of those free companions called by so trifling an event, that if the earl had possessed any prudence, late.omers, aun umarce4 inuto Burgundy. Several such companions, it ought not to have produced that effect; and those who read this composed of English, Gascons, Bretons, Germans, and of men from book, or who may have it read to them, will say, that it was the work every nation, were collected there. Hawkwood was one of the of the devil. You know wise men think the devil, who is subtle and principle leaders, with Bricquet and Carnelle, by whom the battle of fuill of artifice, labors night and day to cause warfare wherever he Brignais was fought, and who aided Bernard de la Salle to take the finds peace and harmony, and seeks by distant means, and by de. Pont du St. Esprit. grses, how to accomplish his ends. And thus it fell out in Flanders, When they had harassed the country for some time, the marquis as ou.will clearly see and learn from the different treaties and ordi. de Montferrat made a treaty with them to assist him in his war with nances which follow relative to these matters. the lords of Milan. This marquis led them over the Alps, after he During the time that earl Lewis of Flanders was in his greatest had paid them sixty thousand francs, of which Hawkwood received, prosperity, there was a citizen of Ghent called John Lyon; he was for himself and his troops, ten thousand. When they had finished wise, subtle, and bold, but cruel, enterprising and cool ill business, the war for the marquis, the greater part of them returned to France; and very much in favor with the earl, as it should seem; for he em. for.ir Bertrand du Guesclin, the lords de la Marche, de Beaujeau, ployed him to assassinate, in a secret way, a man of Ghent that was and Sir Arnold d'Andreghen marshal of France, wished to lead them disagreeable to him, and who acted contrary to the wishes of the into Spain, to don Henry de Trastamare, against don Pedro king of earl. John Lyon sought a quarrel with him, and killed him. This Spain. man was greatly lamented by all; and, for grief of what he had done, Sir John Hawkwood and his companions remained in Italy, and John Lyon went and resided at Douay, where he lived for three were employed by pope Urban as long as he lived in his wars in the years, keeping a handsome state, for which the earl paid. Milanese. Pope Gregory, successor to Urban, engaged him in the John Lyon, on account of this murder, was instantly deprived of same manner. Sir John had also a profitable employment, under everything he had in thie city of Ghent, and banished from it for four the lord de Coucy, against the count de Vertus and his barons; in years. The earl managed so as to make up the matter and recover which, some say, the lord de Coucy would have been slain, if sir for him the freedom he had lost of Ghent, which was a circumstance John Hawkwood had not come to his assistance with five hundred not before heard of, and several in Ghent and Flanders were much combatants, which he was solely induced to do because the lord de astonished at it, but so it happened. In addition to this, the earl, that Coucy had married one of the king of England's daughters. This he might enrich himself and live well, made him deacon of the pilots: sir John Hawkwood was a knight much inured to war, which he had this office might be worth to him a thousand francs a-year, doing long followed, and had gained great renown in Italy from his gal. honestly his duty. Thus was John Lyon so much in the good graces lantry. of the earl that no one was equal to him. The Romans, therefore, and Urban, who called himself pope, re- At this time, there was a family in G.hent called the Matthews: solved, on Clement leaving Italy, to send for Hawkwood, and appoint they were seven brothers, and the most considerable of all the pilots. him commander-in-chief of all their forces: they made him large Among these seven brothers was one named Gilbert M-atthew, who offers of retaining him and his whole troop at a handsome subsidy, was rich, wise, subtle, and more enterprising.than any of his family. which he accepted, and acquitted himself loyally for it. In com. This Gilbert bore in secret a great hatred to John Lyon, because he pany with the Romans, he defeated a large body of Bretons under saw him so much in favor with the earl; and he occupied his the command of Silvester Budes; the greater part of whom were thoughts, day and night, how he could supplant him. He some. either slain or taken: Silvester Budes was carried prisoner to Rome, times inclined to have him slain by his brothers, but gave it up for where he was in great danger of being beheaded. To say the truth, fear of the earl. He thought so much on this subject that at last he it would have been more for his honor, and for that of his friend, had hit upon a plan to accomplish it: however, I will first tell you the lie been so the day he was brought there; for he and another squire real cause why they hated each other,!hat you may the more fully of Brittany, called William Boileau, were afterwards beheaded in the understand it. There existed formerly, in the town of Deynse, a city of Mascon by order of pope Clement. They were suspected of mortal hatred between two pilots and their families; one was called treachery, on account of having escaped from the prisons in Rome, Peter Guillon, and the other John Barb&. Gilbert Matthew and his no one knew how, and had come to Avignon, where they were brothers were connected by blood to one of these families, and John arrested. Lyon, by similar ties, to the other. This hatred was for a long time The cardinal of Amiens was the author of their arrest; for he hated nourished in secret, though they sometimes spoke, and even ate and them ever since the wars in Italy, when they had killed some of his drank with each other; and Gilbert made more of this connection baggage.horses, and seized a large quantity of money and gold and than John Lyon did. Gilbert, without striking a blow, bethought silver plate, which Silvester had distributed among his followers, by himself of a cunning contrivance. way of pay, being unable otherwise to satisfy them. The cardinal The earl of Flanders resided sometimes at Ghent: Gilbert, during was much enraged at this conduct, and secretly charged themn with these residences, got acquainted with one of the earl's chamberlains, treason. On their arrival at Avignon, they were seized, and accused who was attached to his person, and said to him: "If my lord of of treacherously intending to betray the pope: they were then sent Flanders pleased, he might gain, every year, a handsome revenue from to Mascon, where both were instantly beheaded. the pilots, who now pay nothing: it might be levied on the foreign In this state were affairs in those distant countries. Sir Bertrand trade, provided John Lyon, who is deacon of the pilots, would acquit du Guesclin was indignant against the pope and cardinals on account himself honestly." The chamberlain said he would inform the earl of the death of his cousin Silvester Budes; and, if he had lived a of it, which he did. The earl (like other great lords, who naturally little longer, he would have shown, or have caused it to have been wish for gain, and who did not foresee the consequences, but only shown them, that it was very displeasing to him. We will, for the seek to get the money into their hands) told his chamberlain to bring present, leave these matters, and speak of the war in Flanders, which Gilbert Matthew to him, and he would hear what he had to say. began about this time. The people were very murderous and cruel, Gilbert was introduced, and, in conversation, made use of such ar. and multitudes were slain or driven out of the country. The country guments as appeared reasonable to the earl, who replied, "It is well: itself was so much ruined, that it was said a hundred years would let it be so." John Lyon was immediately called into the apartment, not restore it to the situation it was in before the war. in presence of Gilbert Matthew, quite ignorant of what had passed, when the earl opened the business to him, and added, "John, if you choose, we may gain much wealth by this scheme." John was in~CHAPTER X~~XXV I. ~ deed loyal in his employment, but saw this was not a reasonable de. mand: being unwilling to speak to the contrary, he replied, "?VMy'HE STATE OF FLANDERS BEFORE THE WAR. THE CAUSES OF THE DIs- lord, what you have required, which it seems Gilbert has proposed, rUTES BE.TWEEN THEI EARL OF FLANDERS AND THE FLEtINGS. JOHN I cannot execute myself, for it will be too heavy upon the mariners." LYON INTRODUCES THE DISTINCTION OF WHITE HOODS. "John," answered the earl, "if you exert yourself, the business will BEFORE the commencement of these wars in Flanders, the country be done." " My lord," replied John, "I will then do every thing ir was so fertile, and everything in such abundance, that it was mar- my power." vellous to see; and the inhabitants of the principal towns lived in The conference broke up, when Gilbert Matthew (whose only ainm very grand state. You must know, that this war originated in the was to ruin John Lyon in the mind of the earl, to deprive him of hih pride and hatred that several of the chief towns bore to each other: office, so that, being turned out, it might profit him) went to his six these of Ghent against those of Bruges, and others in the like man- brothers, and said to them; "It is now time to assist me, which I ner, vying with each other through envy. However, this could not hope you will do, like good friends and brothers, for it is your cause have created a war without the consent of their lord the earl of I am fighting. I will discomfit John Lyon without striking a blow, Flanders, who was so much loved and feared that no one dared to and so ruin him in the opinion of the earl that he shall be more dis anger him. liked by the earl than he had before been liked. Now, notwithThe earl, being wise' and prudent, carefully avoided encouraging standing all I may say or argue at the meeting to be holden, you a war between his vassals; for he foresaw, that if any difference must refuse to comply: I'will dissemble, and argue that if John should arise between him and them, he would be much weakened Lyon would faithfully acquit himself, this ordinance would be obeyed.. anmd leis formidable to his neighbors. He carefully avoided war for I know so well our lord, that sooner than give up his point, John amother reason, considering it as destructive to all his possessions, al- Lyon will lose his favor, as well as his office, which will be given to 252 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. me and, when I am ill the possession of it you will comply with five hundred diggers, who are laboring day and night to open a the demand. We are very powerful with the mariners of this town, course for the Lys; and, if they be not immediately prevented, they so that none of them will dare oppose us. I will afterwards so man- will turn to their town the current of that river." age that John Lyon shall be slain, and we have our revenge without This speech of the woman was heard, and repeated in different appearing in the matter." parts of the town. The townsmen rose, and said, such things were All his brethren complied with this request. The meeting was not to be suffered nor borne quietly. Many of them went to John held of the mariners, when John Lyon and Gilbert Matthew explained Lyon to ask advice in the matter, and how they should act. When the will of the earl, who proposed, by a new statute, to lay a tax on John Lyon saw himself thus appealed to by those whose love and the navigation of the Lys and the Scheld. It appeared very bur- favor he wished to gain, he was much rejoiced, but took care not to ilensome, and too great a stretch of power, particularly to the six show any signs of it; for it would not be a fit opportunity until r]~u brothers of Gilbert, who were more firm and unanimous in theiropposi- business should be more fully ascertained: he therefore made them lion to it than all the rest. John Lyon, their deacon, was secretly re- greatly intreat him before he would speak, or give any opinion on %oiced at this; forhe was desirous of maintaining all their ancient rights the subject. When he was prevailed on to speak, he said: "Genand privileges, and flattered himself that the brothers were in his favor, tiemen, if you wish to risk this business, and put an end to it, ou while they were acting just the contrary. John Lyon reported to the must renew an ancient custom that formerly subsisted in the town earl the answer of the mariners, adding, "My lord, it is a thing which of Ghent: I mean, you must Irst put oni white hoods, and choose a cannot be done: much evil may result from it: let things remain as they leader, to whom every one may look, and rally at his signal." Fre, and do not attempt to introduce any novelties." This answer was This harangue was eagerly listened to, and they all cried out, not very pleasing to the earl, for he perceived that if the impost were " We will have it so, we will' have it so! now let us put on white laid, and collected in the manner he had been told, he should have re. hoods." White hoods were directly made, and given out to those ceived from six to seven thousand florins of revenue: he therefore among them who loved war better than peace, and had nothing to made no reply, but did not think less upon:it, and had those mariners lose. John Lyon was elected chief of the white hoods. He very whom John Lyon found rebellious sued by actions and otherwise. willingly accepted of this office, to revenge himself on his enemies, On the other hand, Gilbert Matthew came to the earl and his to embroil the towns of Ghent and Bruges with each other, and with,council, to say that John Lyon did not act well in this business; the earl their lord. He was ordered, as their chief, to march against That if he had his office, he would somanage the mariners that the the pioneers and diggers from Bruges, and had with him two hundree,earl of Flanders should have this revenue hereditarily. such people as preferred rioting to quiet. The earl did not see clear, for this revenue, with his avarice, When Gilbert Matthew and his brothers saw the numbers of these blinded him; and, without asking for advice, he deprived John Lyon white hoods, they were not too well pleased: Stephen said to his of his office, which he gave to Gilbert. When Gilbert thus saw brothers, "Did not I well forewarn you, that this John Lyon would himself deacon of the pilots, he turned his brothers according to his discomfit us? It would have been better if I had been believed. will, and gave the earl satisfaction in regard to this impost, for which and had been allowed to have killed him, than to have seen him in he was not the more beloved by the majority of the mariners; but the situation he is in, or will be, through these white hoods he has they were forced to submit, for the seven brothers, assisted by the reestablished." "No, no," replied Gilbert, "let me but speak earli, were too many for them, and it behooved them to do so in with my lord, and they shall be put down. I am willing they should silence. accomplish their enterprise against the pioneers from Bruges, for the Thus did Gilbert Matthew, by this wary method carry his point, good of our town; for, in truth, it will be.completely ruined, if they and obtain the favor of the earl of Flanders. Gilbert made very be suffered to proceed." handsome presents to the officers and chamberlains of the earl; by John Lyon and his rout, when they had all their white hoods,,which means he blinded them, and gained their friendship. All marcabed fi'om Ghent, with the intention of killing the diggers and'these fine gifts were paid for by the mariners, which dissatisfied those who guarded them. News was soon carried to the pioneers, many, but they dared not complain. John Lyon, by the above- that a large force from Ghent was coming against them: they were mentioned means and intrigues of Gilbert, entirely lost the good so much afraid of the consequences they left their work, and retired graces of the earl: he lived quietly on his fortune, suffering patiently to Bruges; and none were bold enough to return to their digging. whatever was done to him. Gilbert, being now deacon, and secretly John and his white hoods, not seeing any one, returned to Ghent: hating John Lyon, took away from him a third or fourth of the but they did not remain quiet, for they went up and down the town, profits which were his due from the navigation. John Lyon did not looking at and examining everything. John Lyon kept them in this say one word, but, prudently dissembling, and with an apparent state, and told some of them in private to make themselves comfort. good will, took whatever they gave him; for, he said, there were able, to eat and drink, and not to mind expense; for those should times when it was better to be silent than to talk. pay their score at a future time who would not now give them a Gilbert Matthew had a brother named Stephen, a cunning fellow, farthing. who had watched all the actions of John Lyon: he said to his brothers (for he prophesied to them all that was to happen;) " Certainly, geitlemen, John Lyon suffers at this moment, and.keeps his C HI A P T E R X X X V I I. head vey low; but he acts with good sense, and will contrive to throw us as!ow as we are now high. I will.give you one piece of THE EXHORTATIONS OF 3OHN LYON, THE INHABITANTS OF GHENT advice, which is, to kill him while we continue in the favor of my SEND SOE OF THEIR PRINCIAL CITIZENS TO THE EARL OF FLANlord the earl: I can very easily do it, if you charge me with this DES, TO DEMAND THE RESERVTION THEIR LIBERTIES AND business, by which we shall escape all the danger, and can easily FRANCHISES. THE EARL REQUESTS THESE CITIZENS TO ABOLISH THE get acquitted for his death." His brothers refused to consent to WHITE MOODS. this, saying he had not done them any wrong, and that no man DURING the time of these white hoods, and in the same week that ought to lose his life but by the sentence of a judge. they had marched, under the conduct of Jolhn Lyon, to Deynse, in Things remained in this situation for some time, when the devil, search of the pioneers from Bruges, another cause of distrust originwho never sleeps, put it into the heads of the people of Bruges to ated at Ghent, by some who were alarmed for its franchises: they make a canal from the river Lys: the earl agreed in their plans, and complained to those who, by the constitution, were their magistrates, sent a number of pioneers, with a body of men-at-arms to guard that at Erclo* (a dependency on Ghent) one of their burgesses was them. They had in former limes attempted to do this, but the citi- confined in the prisons of the earl, and that they had summoned the zens of Ghent had by force made them desist. News was brought bslTff of the earl to surrender him up, but he had refused, which was to Ghent, that the inhabitants of Bruges were now intending to cary directly contrary to their privileges, and thus by little and little they by force their old scheme of making a canal to obtain the waters of were encroached upon. In former times, they were held so high the Lys, which would be very prejudicial to them; so that great and of such consequence, and were then so well defended, that the murmurs arose in Ghent, more particularly among the mariners, who noblest knight of Flanders thought himself honored by being a bur. were much affected by it. They said, that the people of Bruges gess of Ghent. The magistrates replied, "We will cheerfully write should not thus make a canal to draw off the course of the river, as to the bailiff of Ghent on the part of the burgess whom he detains in it would be the ruin of the town. Some others said, in an under- prison, for him to send him to us; for, in truth, the powers of his hand manner, "Now God save John Lyon! had he been our dee. office do not extend so far as to confine one of our burgesses in the con, such an attempt would not have been made, nor the people of prisons of the earl." Bruges have had the courage to have undertaken this business." They acted accordingly, and wrote to the bailiff for the burgess John Lyon was duly informed of all these things: he began to who was prisoner at Erclo. The bailiff, Roger d'Auterme, was adawaken, saying, "I have for some time slept; but it seems that this vised to send the following answer: " Ha! what a noise is this trifling affair in appearance has roused me, and shall create such about a mariner? Were my prisoner ten times as rich as the one I troubles between this town and the earl as will cost a hundred thou- have, I would never let him out of my prison without orders from the sand lives." Intelligence of these diggers was brought, with great earl. I have powers to arrest, but none to set free." This speech additions, that much inflamed men's minds; for it chanced, that a was carried back, which gave much displeasure: they said, he had woman on her return from a piigrimage to our Lady of Boulogne, proudly answered. By such replies, and such unlucky accidents as being weary, seated hersei? In the market-place, where there were the pioneers from Bruges wanting to dig on the lands of ~hent, and ~cwds of people. They asked her, where she came from? she said, the encroachments on the privileges of Ghent, were that cursed crew ",,From Boulogne: and I have seen in my road the greatest curse that can ever befal ther town of Ghent; for there are upward of Probabh Eccleo (HRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c 253 called White Hoods introduced, and they became by degrees more deacon of the pilots, was one of those chosen to go thither. John feared and renowned. It behooveth such a set to have among them Lyon was the cause of this, because, if they should bring back any madmen and firebrands, to work upon the more peaceable. harsh answer, he would share the disgrace of it. They departed, and This story of the burgess of Ghent being detained in the earl's found the earl at Male,* and managed the business so well that at prison at Erclo, and of the bailiff having refused to give him his lib- last the earl assented to all their demands, as well in regard to the erty, was soon spread through the town of Ghent. Many began to prisoner detained at Erclo, as in his intentions to preserve inviolate murmur, and to say it ought not to be suffered; and that, from being all their franchises, and also in forb'idding the people of Bruges ever too quiet about it, all the franchises of Ghent, which were so noble, again to dig on the territories belonging to Ghent. All this he pro. would be lost. John Lyon, who only aimed at the embroiling the mised; and, the more to please the citizens of Ghent, he engaged to town of Ghent in such a manner with its lord that it would be impos- command the canal which the men of Bruges had dug to be comsible to settle it without loss, was not sorry when he heard these pletely filled up again. They quitted the earl very amicably, and words, and wished they had been still stronger: he continued to returned to Ghent; when they related all that had passed with their spread secret rumors in different parts of thetown, "that never could lord, and how willing he was to maintain all their franchises; but he the jurisdiction or privileges of any town be properly maintained when requested, as a proof of their friendship, that the white hoods should once offices are put to sale." He intended thisin allusion to Gilbert be laid aside. As these words were speaking, the officers of the Matthew, meaning to say that he had bought the deaconship: he had earl brought in their prisoner from Erclo, and surrendered him up, by also added a new debt to the navigation, which was greatly against way of riestablishing peace according to the orders they had received, the franchises of Ghent and their ancient privileges. which caused great joy in the town of Ghent. The earl now received, every year, three or four thousand francs, John Lyon, the chief of the white hoods, was present when the besides what he had from ancient custom, which caused many com- above answer was received, attended by ten or twelve of the princi. plaints from merchants as well as from the mariners; insomuch that pal of his rout. When they heard the earl's request for the white those of Valenciennes, Douay, Lille, Bethune, and Tournay, began hoods to be laid aside, they were silent; but John Lyon addressed to think of giving up their commerce with Ghent, by which greater the meeting, and said, " My good people, you know and see clearly ruin would be brought upon the town, and very soon their franchises at present the value of these white hoods: have they not preserved would be so neglected as to be worth nothing, if no one stood for- for you, and do they not guard better your franchises, than those of ward in support of them. Gilbert Matthew and the deacon of the red and black, or hoods of any other color? Many are they who are small craft, who was his relation, had such speeches daily rung in afraid of them; but be assured, and remember I tell you so, that as heir ears: they knew they came from John Lyon, but they dared soon as the white hoods shall be laid aside, according to the ordinot attempt to retnedy it; for John had posted white hoods in vari: nance which my lord wishes to have issued against them, I will not ous parts of the town, and had enlisted among them the boldest and give three farthlings for all your privileges." This speech so deceived most outrageous, so that they were afraid to attack them: besides, the people that they separated, and the greater part returned to their John Lyon never went abroad alone, for when he quitted his house homes, saying, " Let him manage the business; for he speaks truth, he was surrounded by two or three hundred white hoods, and never and we have never seen anything in him but what was for the went down the town but in cases of absolute necessity. He always advantage and honor of the town." made himself be much entreated before he would give any advice on Things remained in this state, and John Lyon in greater danger events which happeted, at home or abroad, against the privileges of of his life than before: upon which he formed a plan, which he the town. at'terwards executed; for he clearly saw that Gilbert Matthew had, Whenever he did give advice or harangue the people, he spoke so in this embassy to the earl, instigated some mischief against him and well, and with so much art, that his auditors were highly pleased his companions, notwithstanding the friendly answers which the earl with his language: they commonly were unanimous in believing all had sent. He therefore resolved to counterwork his enemies, and he spoke as truth. John Lyon, with much art, thus harangued: "I gave secret orders to the leaders of the white hoods, and to those do not say that we should in any way weaken or diminish the inher- who commanded the companies of hundreds and of fifties, to keep itance of my lord of Flanders; for, if we wished it, we are not able their men day and night on guard well armed, and, on the first to do it: reason and justice forbid it. I am, therefore, of opinion, appearance of aty movement, to march to him; for it would be bet. that we should be cautious how by any event we may incur his dis. ter to kill than to be killed, since affhirs were brought to such a pass. pleasure; for every subject ought to be on good terms with his lord. These orders were punctually observed, and they were exact in The earl of Flanders is our good lord, much feared and renowned: keeping themselves in readiness. he has always maintained us in full peace and prosperity, which we should ever acknowledge, and endure the more (as we are bound to do) than if he had harassed us, and made it diffic It for us to keep CHA T R X VII our own. True it is, that at this present moment, he is wickedly ad. vised against us and the firanchises of the gosd town of Ghent: that THE WHITE HooDS URDElR THE BAILIFF OF GHENT IN THE MIDST or we of Ghent are no more in his good graces is apparent by the dig. THE MARKET. THE HOUSES AtNt) GOODS OF THE FAMILY OF THE gers (he residing in Bruges,) who came to break in on our inherit- MATTHEWS ARE DESTROvED. A GRAND CONFUSION tN GHENT. unce, and carry away our river, by which measure our good town NOT long afterwards, the bailiff of Ghext, Roger d'Auterme, would have been quite ruined. In addition to this, he intends to came to town with full two hundred horse, in order to execute what build a castle at Deynse in opposition to us and to harass us; and had been planned between the earl, Gilbert Matthew, and his bro. we know that the people of Bruges have promised him, for some time thers. The bailif; with hs two hundred men, galloped up the past, that they would pay him from ten to twelve thousand fr'ancs streets, with the banner of the earl in his hand, unto the market. a-year, if they could have the advantages of the river Lys. I would place, where hlie halted, and posted his banner before him. Gilbert therefore advise, that the good town of Ghent should send to himMatthew, his brothers, and the deacon of the small craft, imm Matthew, his brothers, and the deacon of the small craft, immecome learned men, well informed of our affairs, who would remon- diately went thither. It had been determined that these men-atetrata wisely and boldly with him on all these matters, and also respect- arms should march instantly to the house of John Lyon, and arrest ing the burgess who is in prison at Erelo, whom his bailiff will not him as the chief of the white hoods, with six or seven others, the give up, at which the town is not pleased, as well as on other affairs most culpable, carry them to the castle of Ghent, and immediately respecting our town. After having remonstrated with him on these cut their heads off. things, let them inform him, that neither himself nor advisers must John Lyon suspected some such thing; for he had received secret imnagine thaxt we are so disheartened, that, if there should be occasion, imane that we are so disheartened, that, if there shuld be occasion, intelligence from his spies, scattered over different parts of the we are not able and determited to resist; and that, after the, town town. He knew of the arrival of t4he bailiff, and saw it was a thing shall have had his answers, the good men of Ghent will take prioper determined upon. The ether white hoods were informed that this measures to punish those who shall act with hostility toward them." day had been fixed on to arrest them, and were therefore ready pre. When John Lyon had concluded this oration in the square of the pared and assembled near the house of John Lyon, who was wait. market-platce, each man said, "He has well spoken; he has well ing for them: they came in bands of ten and twenty, and, as they spoken;" and then they all retired to their own homes. marched up, they formed in the street: when they were all asGilbert Matthew was not present at this harangue of John Lyon; sernbled, they were full four hundred. John Lyon marched off for he was already afraid of the white hoods: but his brother, as fierce as a lion, saying, " Let us advance against these traitors, Stephen, had been there, who was ever foretelling what was to hap- who wish to ruin the town of Ghent. I thought all those fine pen: he said on his return, "I have told you truly, and I have speeches which Gilbert Matthew brought back the other day were always so said, that, by God, John Lyon will be the ruin of us all. only meant for our destruction, and to lull us asleep; but we will Cursed he the hour when you-would not consent to my proposal; make him pay dearly for them." He and his rout advanced hastily: for, had you suffered me to have killed hini, I could then have easily they increased very much by the way; for there were those who done it; but now he is out of our reach, and we dare not attempt joined him that had not as yet put on the white hoods, wh; ciied even to hurt him, for he has more power in this town than the earl out, " Treason treason!" hitnself.' Gilbert, replying, said: "Hold t~hy tongue, fool; when. They marched, by a roundabout way and'a narrow street, to the ever I please, with the assistance of my lord, I can put down these corn-market, where the bailiff, who represented the earl, had pusted white hoods; and some of them who now wear them will not, in a himself. Gilbert Matthew and his br'ethren, the nmomrent they saw short time, have heads to put them on." - -__ _ _ _ _ _ Several of the most discreet men of tie town were ordered to wait It would seetn from Bleau's grand athts' that the domain and tark of Male had been Pi the earl as embassadors; and I believe that Gilbert Matthew, the drowsed by the sea siace tis time. The earlof' Flanders was born there, and thnce' 254 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. John Lyon and the white hoods enter the market-place, left the bai- called a council, in which it was debated what most profitable liff, and ran away as fast as they could; and neither order nor array means they could use to save their own honors, and to promote the was observed, except by the men.at-arms whom the bailiff had advantage of the town. John Lyon and the other leaders of the wrought thither. Immediately on the arrival of John Lyon in the white hoods were invited to this council; otherwise they would not market-place, with the white hoods, a large body of them advanced have dared to have holden it. Many proposals were made, and toward the bailiff; and, without saying a word, he was seized, long debates ensued; but at last they determined unanimously to thrown on the ground and slain. The banner of the earl was then elect twelve of the most respectable of the inhabitants, who should dragged through the dirt, and torn to pieces; but not one man, solicit mercy and pardon for the murder of the bailiff: and if by except the bailiff, was touched. They then collected round John this they could obtain peace, it would be a good thing; but every Lyon. When the carl's men-at.arms saw the bailiff dead, and their person must be included in the peace, and nothing moved in the banner torn to pieces, they were thunder-struck, and, like men business hereafter. defeated, took to flight, and left the town. This resolution was acted upon, and twelve citizens elected to You may easily imagine that Gilbert Matthew and his brethren, wait on the earl. John Lyon kept always saying, that it was right who were known to be the enemies of John Lyon and the white to be on good terms with their lord; but his wishes were just the hoods, did not think themselves very safe in their houses: they contrary, for he thought and said internally, "Things are not yet in therefore set out as speedily as they could, and quitted the town the situation I wish to put them in." The determination of the through by-streets, leaving their wives, children, and goods behind council soon became public: the twelve deputies set off, and jour. them. They made what haste they could to the earl of Flanders, neyed on until they came to Male, where they found the earl, who to whom they related all that had happened, and the death of his on their approach was wondrous angry, and in a cruel passion against bailiff. The earl was sorely afflicted at this intelligence, as well hlie the inhabitants of Ghent. The twelve deputies acted well their might, for they had treated him with great contempt; hlie was much parts by appearing contrite, and, with uplifted hands, entreated him enraged, and swore that he would have ample revenge before he to have pity on them. They pleaded their excuse for the death of ever returned to Ghent, and before they should have peace from him, his bailiff, adding, "Dear lord, have mercy on us, so that we may so that all other towns should take an example from it. Gilbert carry peace back to the town of Ghent, which loves you so much; Matthew and his brothers remained with the earl. and we engage, that for the time to come, this outrage shall be amply John Lyon and. the white hoods persevered in their outrages; after atoned for by those who have done it or excited it, so that you shall the death of the bailiff, and the flight of the men-at-arms, as no one be satisfied, and that all large towns shall take example from it." offered to revenge this murder, John, who wished to ruin the /Mat- They so long and affectionately solicited the earl, that he restrained thews (for he bore them deadly hatred,) said, "Come, let us go after his anger; and, by other good arguments which they urged, the affair those wicked traitors who this day intended to have destroyed the was arranged and articles of peace drawn up. The earl was on the town of Ghent." They hastened down the streets to the residence point of pardoning all the outrages committed against him by those of the Matthews, but found none, for they had all gone off. They of Ghent, on their making the reparation agreed on, when other in.were sought for in every room throughout the houses of the adjoin- telligence arrived that I will now relate. ing streets; and, when they were convinced they were gone, John John Lyon, who had remained at Ghent, thought directly the reLyon was much vexed. He gave up to his companions all their verse of what he had said in the council, that it was proper to be on goods, when the houses were completely pillaged and razed to the good termys with their lord. He knew for a certainty lie had already ground, so that no vestige remained, as if' they had been traitors to so much irritated the earl, that he would never forgive him, and if the whole body of the town. his pardon were promised, it would be through dissimulation, which When they had done this deed, they retired to their homes; nor would end in h's being put to death. He therefore chose rather to was there a sheriff, or any other officer belonging to the earl or to throw aside all shame, since he had entered so far in the business, the town, who said they had acted wrong: indeed, at that time all than to continue daily in the fear of his life; and thus he acted. were afraid to,say a word against them: for the white hoods were During the time the deputation was gone to the earl to solicit peace, so numerous that none dared to provoke them, and they paraded he collected all the white hoods under his command, anti the differ. the streets in large bodies without any opposition. It was said, both ent handicrafts in the town the most inclined to his way of thinking within and without the town, that they were connected with some and gained his end by great artifice; for, when they were assembled, of the sheriffs and rich men in Ghent, which was not unlikely; for he said to themn " Gentlemen, you well know how much we have such a ruffianly crew would never have dared to slay. so noble a angered my lord of Flanders, and upon what grounds we have sent man as Roger d'Auterme, bailiff of Ghent, holding tihe banner of a deputation to him. We do not know wlat answer they will bring the earl in his hand at the time, if they had not depended on some back; whether peace or war; for he is not of a temper easily ap. good and able supporters in their wicked acts. They afterwards peased, and he has near his person Gilbert Matthew and his brethrex, increased so much as to want no foreign aid, and became so pow- who will not fail to excite his anger. It is therefore, a hundred to erful that none were bold enough to oppose anything they thought one that we have peace. It behooves us, if we should have war, to proper to undertake. Roger d'Auterme was carried away by the look to ourselves, and see from whom we may get assistance, and by Friar Minors to their church, where he was by them buried. whom we may be supported. You, deacons of the different trades, After this event, several of the wisest and richest citizens in do you draw out into the fields to-morrow your men; and we will Ghent began to murmur, and were much vexed: they said among see what appearance they make; for it is proper we take measures themselves, that a great outrage had been committed when the carl's against a surprise. This will not cost us anything, and will make us bailiff had thus been murdered in the execution of his offlice; and more feared." They all answered, that le had well spoken. This that their lord would be justly offended, and never grant them peace measure was followed; and, on the morrow, they marched out of the that these wicked people had put the town to the hazard of bein gate leading to Bruges, and drew up in a hiaidsome plain withont totally destroyed, if God did not speedily afford a remedy. Not. Ghent, called Andreghien. Whet they were all arrived, John Lyon withstanding all these words, there was not one among them who looked at them with great pleasure; for they were full ten thousands had courage personally to correct or reprove the authors of these well armed; and said, " Here is indeed a handsome company." atrocities. John de Faucille, who at that time was a mant much When he had examined them for a short space, and had been all renowned for his wisdom in Ghent, on finding things carried to such round them, he;added," I would propose that we visit my lord's lengths as the murdering of the earl's bailiff, thought it must end house, since we are so near to it. I have been told that he has hlac1 badly: that he might not be suspected by the earl, he left the town therein many stores and provisions, which may be of great prejudice privately, and went to a handsome country-house which he had near to the town of Ghent." Ghent, and there remained, having given orders to tell every one he This was agreed to; and they marched to Andreghien, which at was very unwell and melancholy, and could see none but his own the time was without guards or defence. They entered the house, people. Every day, however, he had news from Ghent; for he had and began to search it everywhere. The white hoods and their left there the greater part of his family, his wife, his children and ribald crew which had entered, very soon despoiled it, taking away his friends; and thus he dissembled for a considerable time. whetever they could lay their hands on. There were niny rich jewels and clothes, for the earl kept there his wardrobe. John Lyon affected to be'in a violent passion at this conduct, but was not so in CHAPTER XXXIX. reality, as it afterwards appeared; for, after they had left the castle and marched into the plain, on looking behind them, they saw the TWELVE CITIZENS OF CGHENT ARE DEPUTED TO THE EARL OF FLANDERS. mansion in flames in twenty different places; and, if they had enterTHE WHITE HOODS PILLAGE AND BURN THE CASTLE OF ANDREGHIEN,* tained the inclination, it was not in their power to extinguish it. OF WHICH THE EARL WAS VERY FOND. John Lyon, who pretenued to be much surprised, cried out, "How THE goon people of Ghent who were rich and indutrious, and has this fire happenad in my lord's house?" The, answered, "P tr hlad wives, families and fortunes in the town and neighborhood, wish- accidct." "Well," replied le, "it cannot now be helped; and it:.g as they did to live in an honorable way, were not well pleased is still better that accident should have burnt it, than that we sholid. to see things in this situation, and were very sensible how ill they Everything considered, it was but a dangerous neighbor; ntI omy had acted toward their lord; they therefore consulted among them. lord might have established a garrison therein, which would have helves how they could best remedy this ill deed, and throw them- annoyed us much." Theyall answered, " What you ay is true." ielves on his mercy, for it was better to do so soon then late. They They then returned to Ghent, and did nothing moore that dcv: but what they had done was mischief enough, for it cost afterwards two * {t if not Adeghem which is nearEccloo. hundred thousand livts, and was one of the principal causes whfich CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 5 enraged the earl of Flanders the most. John Lyon had done it, be. gomraster and sheriffs, who had posted them there. They did so, cause he wished not for peace: he well knew, that whatever treaty and the burgomasters and jurats told them to return ani say that was entered into, it would be sealed with his blood. This castle of they would call a council to consider of it. When they came back Andreghien had cost the earl of Flanders, in building and ornament- with this answer, John Lyon cried out: " Advance, advance! let ing, two hundred thousand francs; and he loved it in preference to us attack Bruges; for, if we wait until they shall have held their all his other residences. The well.intentioned inhabitants of Ghent, council, we shall find great difficulty to gain an entrance: it is bet. who were desirous o peace, were exceedingly hurt at this business; ter we attack them before they consult together, and the sudden. but help it they could not, nor did they dare to show any symptoms ness of our attack will surprise them." of anger, for the white hoods said the castle had been burnt acci- This plan was followed; and the men of Ghent advanced to the dentally. barriers and ditches of Bruges, John Lyon marching at their head on News of this was brought to the earl at Male: those who came a black horse. He quickly dismounted, and took an axe in his hand. said, "My lord, you do not know that your beautiful house of An- When the guard, who were not in sufficient strength, saw the men dreghien, which has cost you such sums to build, and of which you of Ghent were so determined to attack them, they were frightened, are so fond, is burnt to the ground." "Burnt?" replied the earl, and ran away down the streets as far as the market.place, crying out, who was much enraged at this intelligence. "Yes; help me, God, "Here are the men of Ghent! Quickly to your posts; for they are if it be not true." "And by what means?" "By accidental fire, as before your walls, and at your gates." they say." "Ha, ha," answered the earl, " now it is all over: there Those of Bruges who were assembling for the council were thun. shall never be peace in Flanders as long as John Lyon lives: he has der-struck, and had, not time to assemble nor to give any orders upon had this house burnt in an underhand manner, but he shall dearly the occasion, while the majority of the people were desirous that the pay for it." He then ordered the deputation from Ghent to come to gates should be immediately thrown open. It behooved them to him, and said, "Ah, wretches! you supplicate my favor with sword agree in this with the commonalty; otherwise it would have turned In hand. I had acceded to every proposal you had made, according out badly for the rich inhabitants. The burgomaster and sheriffs, to your wish; and your people have set ire to and burnt the house I with many of the townsmen, came to the gate where the men of loved in preference to all my others. Do you think there had not Ghent were with a good inclination to attack it. The burgomaster been sufficient contempt shown Inme when they murdered my bailiff, and the magistrates of Bruges, who for that day had the government while he was executing my orders, tore my banner, and trod it under of the town, advanced to open the wicket to parley with John Lyon. foot? Know, that if my own honor were not concerned, and if you By treaty, they opened the barriers and gate, at which they held their had not already obtained passports from me, I would now have you conference, and wore good friends. All now entered the town. all beheaded. Quit my presence, and tell those wicked and out- John Lyon rode by the side of the burgomaster, and shlowed himself rageous men of Ghent, that they never shall have peace, nor will I a bold and valiant man: his men marched in the rear in bright armor. listen to any negotiation, until I shall have given up to me all those It was a handsome sight to see them thus enter Bruges until they whom I shall point out, and whom I will have beheaded without cr me to the market-place, where, as they arrived, they formed them. mercy." selves into array in the square. John Lyon held a white truncheon These citizens were exceedingly hurt at the news they heard, and, if, his hand. like people who were perfectly innocent, endeavored to excuse them- A formal alliance was then entered into between the townsmen of selves~ but in vain, for the earl was so much enraged he would not Ghent and Bruges, which they mutually swore to keep, and to remain hear them: he made them leave his presence, when they mounted for ever as good friends and neighbors: those of Ghent were allowed their horses and returned to Ghent, and there related what they had to summon them, and to lead them with them wherever they pleased. done, and how well they had managed the business; that they had Soon after they had been thus drawn up in the market-place, John succeeded in obtaining an amicable settlement with the earl, when Lyon and some of his captains went to the hall, whence they issued the unfortunate event of the castle being burnt came to his ears. a proclamation for all the minen of Ghent to retire peaceably to their After this, the earl threatened them greatly, and declared he would quarters, and there to disarm themselves without noise, or any tumult, never consent to any peace until such of the townsmen as he should under pain of death; which was quickly obeyed. They were also choose were given up to him. The well-meaning inhabitants saw forbidden to dislodge any one, or to engage in any quarrels, or to take things were taking a bad turn, and that the white hoods had ruined anything from their hosts without instantly paying for it, under the all; but there were none bold enough to speak out.' same penalty. The earl of Flanders set off with his attendants from Male, and This proclamation being issued, another was published on the part came to his h6tel at Lille, whither he summoned all the knights of of the town, for each householder to receive as friends the good men Flanders, and e, ery gentleman dependent on Ihim, to have their advice of Ghent, and to afford them all sorts of provisions at the market how he should act on this occasion, and by what means he should prices; and that no undue advantage should be taken, nor any quarrevenge himstif on the inhabitants of Ghent for the contempt they rels or contentions stirred up, under pain of death. All persons now had shown. All the gentlemen of Flanders swore to be true and retired to their houses or quarters; and the inhabitants of the two loyal to him, as every one ought to be toward their lord. The earl towns thus remained amicably together for two days, and strength. was much pleased at this, and sent reinforcements to the garrisons ened their alliance and friendship mutually. Their treaties being in all his castles at Dendremonde, Russelmonde, Alost, at Courtray drawn out and sealed, on the third day the men of Ghent departed, and Oudenarde. and marched to the town of Damme, which instantly opened its gates, and received them most courteously: they remained there two days. CH APYTER XL. -John Lyon, during his short stay, was seized with a sudden sickness that swelled his body exceedingly: the night he was taken ill, he had TRE DIAT'I OF JOHN LYON. THE MEN OF GHENT CHOOSE CAPTAINS TO supped in great revelry with the ladies of the town; for which reason COMMAND THEY., SEVERAL TOWNrS IN FLANDERS ALLY THEMSELVES several said and maintained that he had been poisoned. Of this 1 WITH GHENT. know nothing, therefore shall not insist on it; but I do know that on JoHn LYON was rejoiced when he found the earl of Flanders in the morrow he was placed on a litter, for he was taken ill in the earnest, and so much enraged against Ghent that he would not grant night, and carried to Ardenbourg; but death prevented him going them peace; and that, by his manmuvres, he had pushed matters so further, to the great sorrow of the men of Ghent, who were thrown forward, that the town would be obliged to make war whether it into confusion by the event. All his enemies were as much rejoiced would or not. He said publicly: " You hear, gentlemen, how our thereat as his friends were cast down. His body was conveyed to lord, the earl of Flanders, is making preparations against you, and Ghent; and, on account of his death, the whole army returned thither. will not listen to any terms of peace: I therefore would advise, for When the news of his decease was known in that town, it caused greater security, that before we shall be more oppressed, we know much sorrow; for he was greatly beloved by all, excepting the party what towns of Flanders will give us their support. I will answer for of the earl. The clergy went out to meet the body, and conducted those of Gramon: not being against us, but on the contrary they will it into the town with as much solemnity as if he had been earl mof assist us, as well as those of Courtray, which is in our castlewick, Flanders. He was interred in the church of St. Nicholas, where his and within our jurisdiction. But as for those of Bruges, they are obsequies were performed, and where he lies. proud and haugh~y, and it has been by their means that all this mnis- Notwithstanding the death of John Lyon, the alliance between chief has been fomented: it therefore becomes us to march against Ghent and Bruges was not broken; for they had carried sufficient them, in such force, thiat through fair or foul means, they unite them- hostages with them to Ghent, for the due performance of all its arti. selves with us." All present answered, that his advice was good. cles. The earl was exceedingly rejoiced at the death of John Lyon; In course of time, every one that was to go on this expedition made as were Gilbert Matthew, his brothers, the.deacon of the small craft, himnself ready. When they were all duly prepared, in a manner be- and all the party of the earl, who sent greater reinforcements than comning them, they marched from Ghent, in number from nine to ten before to all his towns and castles, and ordered a sufficient number thousand men, carrying with them a large train of stores and provis- of good knights and squires of the castlewicks of Lille and Douay ions. The first day, they halted at Deynse: on the morrow, they into the town of Ypres, declariimg he would make Ghent repent of its advanced within a short league of Bruges, when they drew up in order conduct. of battle, in the plain, with their baggage in the rear. John Lyon Soon after the death of John Lyon, those of Ghent considered they ordered the deacons of the trades to go into Bruges, and know their could not long remain without leaders. The deacons of the trades intentions. Tllhy advanced thither, but found the gates shut and weH ] and the guards of the gates selected, according to their opinion, four guarded. When they therefore informed them what their business of the most courageous and enterprising for their commanders, whose was, the guards said, they would cheerfully go and tell it to the bur-. names were, John Pruniaux, John Boule, Rasse de Harzelle, tind 256 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. Peter du Bols. They swore to pay these commanders the most exact The earl, who resided at Lille, thinking they would attack Den. obedience, under pain of death; and these four swore also to preserve dremonde first, had sent to Germany, Gueldres, and Brabant, to ask nlnd defend the honor and franchises of the town of Ghent. The foulr the succor of a number of knights. The dulke of Mons, his cousin, commanders excited those of Ghent to march against Ypres and the had come to serve him with a large body of knights, and had entered franc de Bruges, in order to obtain their union or put them to death. Dendremonde, where they met the earl of Flanders, who was They therefore set off from Ghent, in grand array, to the amount of already arrived there by his frontiers of Hainault and Brabant, and at least twelve thousand, all clad in bright armor. They took the was truly glad of their company. The Flemings maintained the road to Courtray. The inhabitants of Courtray allowed them to enter siege of Oudenarde for a long time; during which, there were daily their town without fear, for they were within thejurisdiction of Ghent: many grand attacks and skirmishes, and several gallant deeds of they there refreshed themselves at their ease for two days. On the arms, both before the town and at the barriers, where numbers were third day they marched toward Ypres, carrying with them two hun- killed and wounded, for the Flemings acted madly and foolishly in dred well-armed men from among the cross-bows of Courtray. They hazarding their persons in these skirmishes, often to their great loss. )llowved the road to Thorout, where on their arrival they halted; and There were full eight hundred lances, knights and squires, in the he commanders held a council, in which they resolved to send three town of Oudenarde, all valiant men: among whom were several )r four thousand of their men, under the command of the captain of barons, such as the lords de Guistelle, de Villiers, de Hullut, and de the white hoods, to treat with the inhabitants of Ypres, and the,'main Cornais, Flemings: from Hainault were, the lords d'Anghien, d'An. body to follow to reinforce them, if there should be occasion.'i'hese toing, de Bosnel, de Taux, de Gommegines, and his three brothers, orders were executed, and they came before Ypres. sir John, sir Daniel, and sir Joseph, the lords de Stainbourg, de CaThe commonalty of Ypres and the small handicrafts, hearing of rue, sir Gerard de Marqueillies, the lord de Cohen, sir Rasse de the arrival of the army from Ghent, instantly armed themselves, and Montigny, sir Henry de la IHamede, sir John de Gres, and other drew up in the market-place, to the amount of full five thousand. knights, amounting to about one hundred and five in number. They The rich inhabitants had not any power in the town. The knights kept up a regular and numerous guard; for they had not any confiplaced there in garrison by the earl, advanced in handsome order, to dence in the inhabitants, and they made the women and children the gate leading to Thorout, where the Ghent men had halted with- retire into the monasteries. The citizens and townsmen kept within outside the barriers, requesting they would allow then! to enter. The their houses; and, in order to prevent the bad effects of the cannon knights and their men were drawn up before the gate, and showed and the perpetual fire which the Flemings kept up agaiixst the town, iuch an appearance that the men of Ghent could never have gained they had the houses covered with earth, to hinder them firom taking admittance but by force. However, the ancient trades of the town fire. were resolved that they should enter, in spite of the knights: they During the siege of Oudenarde, the commanders of the Fleminigs left, therefore, the market-place, and came to the gate which the were informed that the earl was at Dendremonde, and had with him knights were guarding, and said: "Open the gate to our friends and his cousin the duke de Mcis and numbers of other knights. Thley neighbors from Ghent: we will have them enter our town." The determined to send six thousand of their army thither, to examine its knights replied, "They would do no such thing: for they had been appearance, and to make an assault upon it. This resolution was ordered thither by the earl of Flanders to defend the town, which executed. The detachment which had been ordered, under the com they would do to the utmost of their power; and it was not possible maud of Rasse de Harzelle, continued their march until they came for the force of those of Ghent to enter otherwise than by treason.' to a small village on the river Teure, a short league f:om DendreWords multiplied so fast between the gentlemen and the deacons monde, where they took up their quarters. These Flemings had of small handicrafts, that the last shouted out, "Kill them, kill them! provided themselves with a number of boats, which they had sent they shall not be masters of our town." They were immediately down the river, that they might embark on board of them, and at. attacked, and, after a long contest, were roughly driven down the taclk the place by land and water. A little after midnight, they streets, as numbers were against them; and five knights were slain, arose, armed themselves, and made every preparation to begin the among whom were sir Robert and sir Thomas de la IHourdrie, which attack the instant they should be arrived there; for they wished to was a great pity. Sir Henry d'Antoing was in imminent danger of surprise the knights in their beds. They began their march; bus his life, and with great difficulty could some of the principal inhabit- some of the country people, who had heard of this intention of the ants save him: at last, they did succeed in it, and many of the Flemings, informed the guards of it, saying, "Be sure you keep a others were saved also. The gate was opened, so that the men of strict and good guard; for a large body of the men of Ghent, who Ghent entered the town, and became the masters of it, without do- have been benighted, are lying hard by here, and we know what ing any damage. When they had remained there for two days, arid they intend to do." The guard at the gate related this to their cap. had taken hostages from the inhabitants, who entered into a similar tain, who was a knight from Holland, called sir Thierry de Bred oro: treaty with those of Bruges, Courtray, Gramont, and Damme, they set on receiving this intelligence, he strengthened his giard, and sent out fromrn Ypres in a most courteous manner, and returned to Ghent. information of it to all the knights lodged in the castle and in the different houses. Immediately on the break of day, the Flemings adva.ced by land C H A P T E R X L I. and in their boats, well prepared for an instant attack. When those in the castle and town saw them approach, they sounded their trumTHE MEN OF GHENT BEStEGE THE TOWN OF OUDENARDE ON ALL Stt)ES. pets to alarm every one, the greater part of the knights and squires THEY MAKE A GRAND ASSAULT ON THE EARL OF FLANDERS iN DEN- being already armed. The earl of Flanders, who slept in the castle, ORE.MONDE. heard of the march of the Flemings, and that they had commenced THFE earl of Flanders, who resided't Lille, heard how the inhabit. the attack; on which he instantly rose, armed himself, and sallied ants of Ypres had turned against him, and what the small handi- forth from the castle, his banner displayed before him. At this time, crafts had done; he was sorely vexed, as well for the loss of those there were in the town, sir Gossuin de Wrle great bailiff of Flanders, knights who had there been slain as for other causes. He, how- the lord de Gau, sir Gerard de Rasenghien, sir Philip de Mamines, ever, comforted himself by saying, "Well, if we have this time lost sir Philip de Rungi, a Burgundian, and others. All these knights Ypres, we shall another time regain it to their curse; for I will strike advanced to meet the banner of the earl, and then they marched un. off such numbers of heads, all others shall be astonished at it." The der it to the assault, which was already begun in a severe and horri. earl intended particularly to provide the town of Oudenarde most ble manner; for these Flemings had brought in their boats cannons amply with all sorts of stores, provision, and men-at-arsns: for he ariand cross-bows, which shot such large and heavy bolts that when thought that the men of Ghent would soon come to besiege it; and, any one was struck by them there was no escape from death. if they succeeded, the loss would be great to him, for they would Against these bolts they were strongly shielded; and the earl had then have the whole navigation of the fine river Scheld at their comrn- with him some excellent cross-bows, who by their shooting gave the mand. He sent thither numbers of knights and squires from Flan- Flemings enough to do. ders, Hainault, and Artois, who assembled their people in the town The duke de Mons was in another part with his troops drawn up, whether the inhabitants would or not. his banner before him; and there were in his company the lord do The commanders in Ghent were informed what great preparations Brederode, sir Joseph and sir Thierry Lavare, sir Vivant de Chupe. the earl had made in Oudenarde: they determined to attack it, de- rois, and several more, who each performed well their duty. In claring they would not return until they had gained it, had slain all another quarter of the town, posted at a gate, were sir Robert Dale, within, and razed the walls to the ground. Orders were given in sir John Villain, the lord de Vindescot, and sir Robert Mareschal. Ghent for every one to provide himself in a manner becoming his The attack here was very sharp, for the Flemings made vigorous rank, and to be ready to march whithersoever he might be led. assaults by land and water, in which many were killed and wounded None dared to disobey this order: tents and pavilions were packed on each side; but more on the side of the Flemings than on that of up, with all other stores: having marched out of Ghent, they en- the gentlemen, as the Flemings adventured themselves fool-hardily camped before Oudenarde, in the beautiful meadows on the banks of This attack lasted, without ceasing, from the break of day until full the Scheld. Three days3 after, the men from Bruges arrived, for noon. A knight of the earl's party was slain, called sir Hugh de they Ibid been summoned, and took up their quarters on the side near Rony, a Burgundian: he was much lamented, for he lost his life by to their town, bringing with them great quantities of baggage and too much boldness, and for want of prudence. Rasse de Harzelle, provision. Next came those from Ypres in great array: then the the commander of the detachment, fought valiantly, and by his words meni of Poperingue, Messines, and Gramont. The Flemings thus and actions greatly encouraged the men of Ghent. drawn ip before Oudenarde were upward of one hundred thousand: The assault ceased in the afternoon, for Rasse found he was labor they rnmm(!e bridges ot boats and hurdles by which they crossed over ing in vain, and that in Dendremonde there were such brave men thai time Scheld to each ot'~er. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 251 it could not easily be taker: his troops also began to be fatigued. coming and very displeasing it was not only to herbut toall reasoiia. He therefore sounded a retreat, when the men retired in a handsome ble persons. She told him, that many valiant men, barons, knights, manner along the river side, bringing off their fleet of boats; and on and squires, were honorably shut up in the town of Oudenarde, and the morrow they retuxned to their army before Oudenarde. in very imminent danger; and she begged, foir God's sake, he would think of and provide a remedy. The duke replied, that he was bound to do so, and would exert himself to the utmost of his power. Shortly after he left Arras and went C.: _ —--.- E Ato Tournay, where he wan ____-s~Z= —-~~IIIUCI~IV~-,Wlls~lblll!BI~ AaB joyfully received; for the inT I~f~~'~ ~ ~_. habitants of Tournay wished'arde.~L_:much for peace on account ____ siegeof their merchandise, which was shut up on the Scheld. Jtngs The duke of Burgundy sent the abbot de St. Martine to the army before Oude. tir roiinwihywr rought ino h anarde to sound the leaders:. Among~ of the men of Ghent, if they would enter into a negotiatois,,t who wished tion. The abbot brought the ad vancedi' — ~ — the duke for answer, that they —-----— ~ p lltout of respect for him, they theW;T iktjf~RR~~jl~(r~i~' rea _ e would enter into a treaty: ______ r dthe duke granted passports, and received the same ferom -T.'_______ the Flemings, for the nego. ssu -—'r tiators to meet at Pont de o, Rosne, where the first con-. ferenco lasted from morning: until night. The duke him-. self went thither to parley. with the Flemings; and, after* in__ the_ — _ edsavtthe conference, he returned:, to Tournay in company with.... 1'~ s aythe earl, whom he brought.: tEeN o0 GH ENT attacking the earl of Flanders in Dendremonde. From a MS. of the fifteenth century. back with him. These con- ferences continued for fifteen days. It was difficult: C H A P T ER XLII. to satisfy the Flemings, as they insisted on having Oudenarde de-. molished, to which the duke and his ministers would not consent., SEVERAL ASSAULTS ARE MADE ON OUDENARDE. PEACE CONCLUDED BE- The Flemings kept up a grand and haughty appearance, making TWEEN THE FLEMINGS AND THE EARL OF FLANDERS, BY MEANS OF no account of peace; for they maintained, that as those within Oude. THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY. narde could not leave it without great danger to themselves, they THE siege of Oudenarde continued for a long time; and the Flem. considered the town as conquered. lngs before it were masters of the river and of the adjoining country, The duke of Burgundy, seeing these Flemings so proud and pro. so that no provision could be introduced without great danger, and sumptuous, and so indifferent to conclude a treaty, could not conceive, on the side toward Hainault. Sometimes victuallers, in hopes of their meaning; he therefore requested a passport for his marshal to. gain, ventured, while the army was asleep, to come close to the bar- visit the knights in Oudenarde, which was instantly granted him riers with provision, which by that means were brought into Oude- The marshal of Burgundy went into the town, and found the knights narde. Among the many attacks made upon the town, there was one well provided, excepting some articles of which they were greatly in which was very vigorous: it lasted the whole day. Upon this occa- want; they, however, boldly said to the marshal: "Tell my lord of sion, some new knights were created from Flanders, Hainault, and Burgundy from us, not to enter into any dishonorable treaty on ourArtois, who wished to distinguish themselves. These new knights account; for, through God's mercy, we are in good health, and care advanced to the barriers, where several skirmishes took place with not for our enemies." This answer pleased the duke much, who at, the men of Ghent, in which many were killed and wounded; but the time was at Pont de Rosne: however, he did not neglect to push. they paid little attention to this, and being regardless of death, they forward his negotiations. To say the truth, those of Ypres and advanced so boldly that when those in the front were slain or disabled, Bruges were tired of the war, as well as those from the Franc, who the rear dragged them out, took their places, and kept a handsome saw winter approaching: they therefore argued in council, that since countenance. This attack lasted until the evening, when those of the duke of Burgundy, to accommodate the business, had come, Oudenarde returned into the town, and shut the gates and barriers: thither in person, and had engaged to have everything pardoned; they then buried their dead, and took great care of their wounded. since also the earl would return in an amicable manner to Ghent,, The Flemings thought they should certainly conquer the town by there to reside, and, let what would happen, would never remember assault or famine; for they well knew that they had so closely sur- the past; all these considerations ought to be attended to; and they rounded it by land and water that nothing could enter it; and their considered themselves bound to acknowledge their lord with respect, remaining before it would not be of any detriment to them, for they and not attempt to tear his inheritance from him. were in their own country, and near their own homes. They had These words greatly softened the men of Ghent, and they agreed also every necessary article for their support, with all other things in to accept the treaty. The duke gave a -most magnificent ditnner to great abundance, and cheaper than they would have had them at the principal persons from Ghent, Bruges, Ypres and Courtray. On Bruges or Ghent. The earl of Flanders, being aware of the great that day, it was settled that the siege should be raised, and a solid number of men-at-arms that were in the town, suspected the inten- peace concluded between the earl and his subjects: that the earl. tions of the Flemings, that by keeping up the blockade, they would should grant a general pardon to all, without any reservation, disseom. in the end starve them to a surrender: he would therefore have wil- bling or exception whatever: that he should reside at Ghent, and lingly listened to any overture for a negotiation that was honorable to that within a year the citizens of Ghent should rebuild the castle of him. To say the truth, this war against his subjects was highly disa- Andreghien, which report said they had burnt. For the fulle:r eon. greeable to him, and he had undertaken it contrary to his own opinion. firmation of all this, John Pruniaux was to accompany the dulke of[ His mother, the lady Margaret, countess of Artois, blamed him much, Burgundy to Tournay, where it was to be properly drawn up andA and took great pains to put an end to it. sealed. After this, the tlulke returned to Tournay, and Joha Pru.j. The countess resided in the city of.rras, whence she wrote to the niaux and John Boule remained with the army. On the rnorrow,, duke of Burgundy, to whom the heritage djf Flanders would fall by peace was proclaimed between the two parties, the siege was raised4, his marriage with her grand-daughter, on the death of the earl. The and every man returned to his home. The earl disbanded hi sol duke, who had before receive'd in",mafion of this affair, for news diers, and greatly thanked the foreigners for the gallant services they was daily brought to him on the subject, came to Arras, attended by had done him: he then went to Lille, to execute the treaties which his council, and sir Guy de la Trimouille, sir John de Vienne, admi- his son-inalaw the duke of Burgundy had concluded for him. ral of France, sir Guy de Pontalliers, and several others. The Some of the neighboring countries said, that this was a double. countess received him with great joy, discussed with much wisdom faced peace; that there would be another rebellion, and that tha the subject of this war between her son and his subjects; how unbe- earl had only consented to it, in order to extricate su?.h a number 258 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &o of noble knights and squires from the danger they ran in Oudenarde. wind, where they embarked. The)y landed at Guerrande,* and rode John Pruniaux, after the breaking up of the siege, went to Tournay, on to Vannes. The inhabitants of that city received the duke with where the duke of Burgundy entertained him handsomely. The great demonstrations of joy, as indeed did the whole country wher articles of the treaty were there completed, and sealed by the duke they heard of his arrival. The duke refreshed himself for five days and the earl of Flanders. John Pruniaux afterwards returned to or thereabouts, at Vannes, and then went to Nantes: there he waA Ghent, and showed what he had done. The duke of Burgundy had waited on by barons, prelates, knights, ladies and damsels, who all so well managed the men of Ghent by kind words, that Oudenarde offered their services, and put themselves under his obedience. They was saved from destruction; for, when the siege was raised in con- greatly complained of the French, and of the constable, who had formity to the treaty, they would have demolished the gates and walls quartered himself in the country near Rennes. The duke said, of the town, that it might remain open and ready for them to retire "My friends, I shall shortly have ai'd from England; for without the to. The earl of' Flanders having resided some time at Lille, after assistance of the English, I shall not be able to defend myself against the duke of Burgundy had returned to France, went to Bruges, where the French; otherwise they will be too strong for us, seeing that we he made a long slay: during which, he secretly showed great dis- are not all in this country of one mind. But when the forces which pleasure to some of the citizens of Bruges, without, however, doing the king of England has promised shall be arrived, if they have done anything more, nor seeming desirous of otherwise punishing them, you wrongs, we will return them the compliment." This speech for their having so readily deserted his party, and placing themselves greatly pleased those of the duke's party who were present. under the command of Ghent. These citizens excused themselves In this same year, about St. Andrew's day, died the lord Charles, by saying, what was indeed true, that it had not been through any king of Germany and emperor of Rome. King Charles had done fault of theirs, but was solely owing to the small handicrafts of the so well by money and by his great connections, that the electors of town, who would ally themselves with those of Ghent when John the empire had given it under their oaths and seals, they would elect, Lyon came before Bruges. The earl passed over their misconduct after his decease, his son emperor, and exert their whole power to with as fair looks as he could, but he did not the less remember it. maintain the siege before Aix, and to defend him against alloppoWe will now leave him and the Flemings, and return to the affairs se-s: so that, after the death of Charles, his son Winceslaus, who of Brittany. before was king of the Romans, signed himself emperor of Rumts, king of Germany and Bohemia. CHAPTER XLIII. About this same season, there were many councils held in Eng. land, by tihe uncles of the king, the.prelates and barons, relative to TM DUKE OF BRITTANY RETUR.NS FROM ENGLAND, AT TISE ENTREATY' OF marrying the young king Richard. The English would have pre. HIS SUBJECTS. TOE ENGLISH ARE DESIROUS OF MARRYING THEIR ferred a princess of IHainault, out of love for that good lady queen YOUrN RING. TIE ENIGHTS OF EN6LAND SENT TO THE AID OF THE Philippa, who had been so virtuous, liberal and honorable, and who DUKE OF BRITTANY MEET WITLI GREAT TEMBmSTS AT SEA. had come from Hainault; but duke Albert, at that time, had not any You have before heard that the duke of Brittany resided in Eng- daughters marriageable. The duke of Lancaster would willingly land with king Richard and his uncles, who entertained him hand. have seen the king, his nephew, married to his daughter, whom he somely, and that his country was inl great trouble; for the king of had had by the lady Blanch of Lancaster, but the people would not France had ordered thither his constable with a large body of men- have consented to this for two reasons; that the lady was his cousinat-arms, who had fixed their quarters at Pontorson, and near St. german, and too nearly related; and that they wished the king to Michael's Mount, whence they made war on all the adjacenit country. choose a queen from beyond sea, in order to gain stronger alliances. The inhabitants of the cities and principal tow:,; kept themselves The sister of the king of Bohemia anti of Germany, daughter of the'well inclosed, and were very anxious for the return of their lord, to lately deceased emperor, was then proposed, and the whole council r-n49m they had already sent letters and messengers: but he was assented to it. t feffl of trusting to them, until the prelates and barons of Brittany Sir Simon urley, a sage and valiant knight, who had been the -indi-tke great towns begau to murmurk, and say: "We send every king's tutor, and much beloved by the prince his father, was nomi-,,ndek gre.ate town beviatin to mh uke;mut, andstayd "We semng, hevr ek ir ge~r of invitation to the duke; but, instead of cominhnated to go to Germany, to treat of this marriage, as a wise and able o.Ily repturc. us excuses." "In God's name," said some of them, negotiator. Every necessary preparation was ordered, as well for "th.ere mip beareaso for this: we send to himy in too simple a his expenses as otherwise. He set out from England magnificently?.manner. 7;YLp -ymght to send him a knight or two of rank, in whom equipped, and arrived at Calais; from thence he went to Gravelines,:he may trust, 4a.d who will ftlly ex-plain to him the true state of the and continued his journey until he came to Brussels, where he iuct country?" the duke Winceslaus of Brabant, the duke Albert, the count de Blois;!This propsalwao atreed to; and two valiant knights, sir Geoffry the count de St. Pol, Sir William de Maulny, and numbers of knights de Queril and sir Eustace de a Houssay, were entreated to go from Brabant, Hainault, and other parts, partaking of a grand feast: de Querime~cl. and sir Eustace de la Houssaye, were entreated to go tl a ounmts d w n h cain l ee ra,:to England, at the:jQirt solicitations of the prelates, barons, and prin- of tilts and tournaments; and it was on this occasion all these lords,.cipal towns in BrittaAyE These two knights made preparations for were there assembled. The duke and duchess of Brabant, from the,,,~ei r ~ yX voyage: two Enigh ande rdembarkingon bor ese fta or ei voyage t nla d, and, embarking on board a vessel at Cano love they bore the king of England, received this knight most cour.;a wathr voagetnglwind, ac ebaring ton theird aih vesel made saior lad weather and wind aecqiding to theirwish, They made sailfor teously. They were much rejoiced on hearing the cause of his oithamptonh and ihere csebarked: continuingt their.journey m ato journey into Germany, and said it would be a good match between iLondon, they found. the duke and duchess of Brittany and sir Robert the king of England and their niece. They gave Sir Simon Burley, Knohles, who received them wi-thgreat joy, and handsomely enter- on his departure, special letters to the emperor, to assure him they ~~~~,ta~m~~ne them,~~ ~approved very much of the marriage. The knight set out from Th knights then relatedtothe dPke the state and disposition of Brussels, and took the road through Louvain to Cologne. his eountry, and how very ardently his return was looked for; to About this time, the king of England and his council ordered two nfi which, they gaethe due;tercredential letters from the undred men-at-arms and four hundred archers to Brittany, under prites, arons, and pnipal owns of Bittany. The duke gave the command of Sir John Arundel: sir Hugh Calverley, sir Thomas full credeance to the knights and c heir letter-, andsaid he would show Banaster, sir Thomas Trivet, sir Walter Pole, sir John Bourchier,:them w the, king and his uncles, which hea. d. When the king and i~them to the, king~ and his uncles, w~h~ich he 4i~d. When the king and the lord Ferrers and the lord Basset were appointed to this expedition. his uncis heard all these. thimgs, and howthe whole of Brittany, the The knights made all the preparation they wanted, and went to prelates., barons and principal towns, excepting Gueslin, Laval, Southampton, where they embarked on board their vessels. When i.Chisson, Rohan and Rochefost, had sent tolthe duke their lord, sup- thdy had a favorable wind, they set sail. The first day, it was fair; plicating him to return to his own couitry, the king said to him, but, toward evening, it veered about, and became quite contrary, Yoaus~ go over to Bri-ttany,. since they send for,you, and mainYou rust go over to Bmittan, sine, they send forwyo, and main: wlhich drove them, whether they would or not, on the coasts of tamin your rigQhts: we will shomly send to your, assittanee a sufficient Cornwall. The wind was so strong and impetuous, they were force of mnena4tarms to defend, your frontiers; b,4t.yoau.wil leave the afraid to cast anchor. On the morrow, the storm continued as fierce i lady-duchess with my motherand her brothers, while you go to carry as ever, and forced them into the Irish sea; when it became so vio. os this war" hadlent, three of their ships sunk, on board of which were sir John'The, duke heard, these words with great joy, and made hW.s prepa-'The duke h these words with great joy, and mad~ his props-Arundel, sir Thomas. Banaster, and sir Hugh Calverley. Upward rations accordingly he was not long in having everything ready at of eighty perished of their complement of men-at-arms, and in the number the commander-in-chief, sir John Arundel, which was great."Sowhanipton. When~e takring leave of the king, the princess of Wa~les, i Toa,:and of his:duchess he made a strict treaty of alliance with the kin pity, for e was a valiant and enterprising knight. of Bn~n~and wore on his faith, that if he should speedily bBanaster and sir Walter Pole, two brave knights, were drowned, and many others.,succored bythme dngalsb, he would always remain steadily attached ad mny others. to, them, anddo allin hfs power to make his country join with him; Sir Hugh Calverley never before experienced greater peril; for all,:.tn;thtemlad sou alway ind his powr toaehs copentrji wihevr him ndtht glad should always find his ports open, whenever her those who were in his vessel were drowned, except himself and cf aets Icaine: thither. Af e~ his, he set out from London, accom seven sailors; but sir Hugh and the sailors took to the masts and nierl bly sir Robert Knohle aEnd the two knights who were sent to cables to save themselves, and, as the wind was strong, they were iltim, wfi~th about one hundr& en-at-arms and two hundred archers blown on shore: but, having.swallowed much sea-water, they were 7T1 kere was a short delay at.4lo~uthampton, waiting for a favorable long edt and uncomfortable. Sir Thomas Trivet, sir John Boar. chier, the lords Ferrers and Basset escaped this danger, with others: however, they were much driven and tumbled about. When the i'*'he Ht',oire de la Bretagne mentionsthree other persons as deputies, and cites the iublie acts ir authority. Geoffrey de Querirnel was a favorite of the duke. * "Guerrande " —a town in Brittany, between the rivers Vilaine amid Loire, dioeos " ('an"'. Concarneam. of Naares. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. tempest ceased, they returned as well as they could to Southampton, CHI A P T E R X L V. and waited on the king and his uncles; to whom they related their CHA TER X V. misfortunes, including sir Hugh Calverley among the drowned: but THE EARL OF FLANDERS ENTERS THE TOWN OF GHENT, AND SECRETLr it was not so, as it afterwards appeared when he came to London. DEPARTS FROM IT. THE WALLS OF OUDENARDE ARE RAZED BY THE This expedition was put an end to; and the duke of Brittany did WHITE HOODS, THEIR ALLIES AND AccoMPLICES. not receive any assistance from the English, which was very much WHEN the inhabitants of Ghent heard the i-l was or the road against himn; for all that season and the ensuing winter the French thither, they were much rejoiced, and went on: to meet him on horse carried on a destructive war. The Bretons, that is to say, sir Oliver back and on foot: they bowed very lowly v.n they met him, an(i de Clisson and his men, took the town of Dinant, by means of yes- showed him all the reverence in their power. ut he passed on wit. showed him all the reverence in their power; ibut lie, passed on with. sels and boats, which they pillaged, and kept afterwards, for a long out saying a word, only just bowed his head to them. He rode to time, against the duke and the country. We will now return to the tm affairs of Flanders. a h cuty 7il rn to the his hbtel, called La P6terne, where he dined. Great presents were ar~ffai~~rs of Flanders. ~made him by the town, and the magistrates waited on him, who humbled themselves greatly in his presence, as was but right. The earl addressed them, saying, " that when there was a stable peace, C H A P T U R X L I V. everything ought to have a peaceable appearance:I would, there.'THE TOWN OF GHENT SENDS EMBASSADORS TO THE EARL:F FLANDERS fore, that these white hoods be laid aside, and some amends made To ENTREAT HIM TO COME THITH.ER. for the death of my bailiff, for his family are very importunate with me on the subject." WHEN peace was concluded between the earl of Flanders and the 4" My lord," replied the magistrates, "that is fully our intention; men of Ghent, by the mediation of the duke of Burgundy, which and we beseech your highness, that you would have the goodness to gained him great popularity throughout the country, the men of come to.morrow to the square, and explain to your subjects, in an Ghent were very desirous that the earl should come and fix his resi- amicable manner, what your wishes are: they will be so rnauch redeuce in their town. The provost of Haerlabeke had strongly joiced at seeing you again that they will comply with all your de. advised the earl to improve the affection between him and Ghent, in sires." The earl agreed to their request. In the evening, it was which he was seconded by all the carl's relations.'rhe earl, how. known to numbers, that the earl was, on the morrow, to haragnue ever, continued to reside at Bruges, and never went near Ghent, the people at eight o'clock in the morning, in the mnal:et-place. Good which surprised every one; but, in particular the well-intentioned men were much pleased thereat; but the mad and outrageous thonught and principal inhabitants, who were anxious for peace. As for the little of it, and said they had had enough of harangues, and knew well white hoods and pillagers, who only sought disturbance, they dreaded what they were to do. John Pruniaux, John Boule, Rasse de Hart his return: forthey suspected, that if he did come, they would be zelle, and Peter dt Bois, leaders of the white hoods, were fearfl privately corrected for the evils they had done. that everything would be laid to their charge, and, having discoursed Notwithstanding these doubts of the magistracy anId town-council, together, sent for some of their men, making choice of' those th-t the rich men were particularly impatient for his arrival, and wished were the worst and most violent of their companions, and said to they would send to request it; for they did not look upon the peace them, " Be sure you remain all this night and to-mnorrow aroed; and as stable until he should have resided in Ghent. Twenty-four whatever may be said to you, do not put off your white hoods; but deputies were selected to go io Bruges, to declare to the earl the be all of you in the market.place to-morrow by eight o'clock, alnd great love the town of Ghent had for him, and their wishes for his make not any riot unless it be first begun on you. You will either residence among them. They set off in a magnificent manner, as give these orders to your companies or send them by a safe hand." those should who wait on their lord; but they were told on leaving They answered they would punctually comply, which they did. thile town, "Never think of returning to Ghent, unless you bring back The next morning, at eight o'clock, they all went to the Inmarketthe earl with you; otherwise you will find thte gates shut." Thus place, but not in a body; they separated in different parties, for their did the citizens of Ghent set out, taking the road toward Bruges. leaders were among them. The earl came on horseback to the When they were between Deynse and Bruges, they learnt that the market-place, attended by his knights, squires, and magistrates of earl was coming, which gave them great pleasure; and, after they the town. John de Faucille was with him, and upward of forty of had rode on about a league, they perceived the earl in the plail. the richest and most respectable inhabitants. The earl, as he was On1 seeing himtl they advanced in two divisions, making a lane, passing up tha market-place, cast his eyes on the white hoods, which throughi which the earl and his knights passed. through which the earl and his knights passed. made him melancholy: he dismounted, as did his attendants, and The citizens made low reverences, and showedt every mark of went to a window, from whence he leaned out, on a crimson cloth, respect to the earl and to his attendants: but he scarcely looked at which had there been spread for him. them, only touched a little his hat; and, during the whole time, he The earl began to address the people in a very discreet speech, in never noticed them. Thus they all rode on; the earl on one side, which he showed what love and affection he had borne them before the deputation from Ghent on another, until they came to Deynse, they had angered him. He remonstrated, that a prince and sovereign where they stopped, for the earl was to dine there. The deputation lord ought to be loved, feared, obeyed, and honored by his subjo cts, took some houses for themselves, and dined also. After dinner, they and explained how very contrary they had acted. He also noticed waited on the earl; and, having knelt down before him (for the how well he had always defended them against their enemies, and earl was seated,) they presented to him the humble affection of the had kept them in peace and prosperity: that he had opened to them citizens of Ghent, and remonstrated with him, that from their great communications by sea, which before his joyful accession had beenll love to him, and their earnest desire for him to reside among them, shut against them. He displayed much argnument and good sense, they had been deputed, adding; "On our departure, my lord, the which were understood by the wise, and acknowled for truth. He was townsmen said, that we must not think of returning unless we well listened to by several, but by others not at all, for they were brought you with us." The earl, who had well heard these words, desirous of confusion. When he had spoken an hour, lie cncluded was for a time silent; when he said calmly-" I willingly believe by saying, "that after having so fully explained everything, he was all you say, and that many in Ghent wish me to come thither: but I willing to continue their good lord, in the same manner as he had am surprised thley do not recollect, nor seem inclined to remember formerly been: that he forgave all the injuries and contempt they former times, when I was so desirous of complying with all their had shown him; and that he would never more recollect the evil requests, and how I expelled from the country such of my gentle. deeds which had passed, but would preserve to them their rights and men as they complained of, in compliance with their laws. I have franchises, as he had done. He entreated therefore, that no noveltoo often opened my prisons, to surrender up mine and their own ties might be introduced, and that those white hoods shoull he laid burgesses, whenever they solicited it. I have loved and esteemed aside." themi more than any other nf my subjects; and they have behaved During the first part of his speech, all were silent, as if thera. had to me quite the contrary, slain my bailiff, destroyed the houses of my not been any one present; but, the momlent lhe touched on the wvhte people, driven away my officers, burnt the house in the world which hoods, murmurs were heard on all sides, whichi showed it was cin I loved the most, forced my towns to side with them, murdered my that account. The people wtere then entreated to'petire to their houses knights in the town of Ypres: in short, they have acted so wickedly in a peaceable manner. The earl left tile market-place with his attoward me and my rights that I am tired of mentioning them, and tendants, and the rest went to their hornes. But I must say, that wislh never to remember them; but, whether I will or not, I cannot the white hoods came the first to the market-place, and were the last help doing so." to quit it; and, when the earl passed through them, they looked ill"Ah, my lord," replied the deputies, "do not think more of what humored at him, disdaining to pull off their caps, wlhich affected him bhas passed: you have pardoned us for all those evil deeds." "That much; for he said afterwards to his knights, when hle retired to La is truie," answered the earl, "and I do not mean, by what I have Pterne, "I Ishall never gain my wish with these white hoods: hcy just said, that in time.o come you shall fare the worse for it. I only are an accursed wicked people. My mind tells me, things will not polint out to you the great cruelties and wickedness which I have remain long as they maow are: if I may judge froom appearamnces, suffered from the town o0 Ghent." The earl was then softened: there is much evil intended; and, were I to lose all, I will rnot sflmfir rising up, he made them rise also, and, calling to the lord de Ruise- such pride and wickedness." liers who was near hili, said, "Let them bring wine." The depu- The earl remained four or five days at Ghent, and then he departed tation drank of it, and then retired to their lodgings, where they in such a manner as showed he neveragain intended returning thither. remaimmed all night, for the earl staid there. On the morrow, they He went to Lille, where he made his preparations for passiln the all rode together toward Ghent j winter. He scarcely took leave of any one when he qmltted Glae', and set out much out of huumor. for which several of tie town w~ 260 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. lispleased, and said he would never do them any good again; that sesses them: I shall never have peace as long as these Ghent men they would no more love him than he did them: he had now left have such power." He then sent some of his council to the magis. them as he had done before; and that Gilbert and his brothers had trates of Ghent, to remonstrate with them on the violent outrage thev so advised, seeing that he had so suddenly, and without affection, had committed, and to declare they were people with whom no terms leparted from Ghent. John Pruniaux, Rasse de Harzelle, John could be kept, since the peace which the duke of Burgundy had with Boule and Peter du Bois, with the other wicked captains, were much great difficulty procured for them, had been already broken and pleased at all this,;and spread rumors over the town, that the earl infringed. The mayor and jurats of the town of Ghent excused would return in the summer with sufficient force to break the peace; themselves by saying, "that they never thought of breakin the that it behooved every one to be on his guard, and to lay in good store of corn, oats, meat, salt, and all sorts of provision, for that no dependence could be placed on the carl. The townsmen, therefore, laid in verygreat stores of all things necessary for them: when it was told the earl, he was mightily surprised, and could not..... guess why they were so very suspicious. To say the truth, when all which I have related is duly con. sidered, one cannot but wonder how the men of ___ Ghent dissembled, arlid had done so from the be ginning. The rich and principal men of the town could not excuse themselves for their conduct at the i _l —-2commencement of these commotions; for certainly __ __. if they had been willing, when John Lyon first in.i _- - troduced the wearing of white hoods, they could... _ —3_' easily have prevented it: they might have sent against the canal-diggers of Bruges other men who would have done as well as the white hoods:.... but they permitted them, because they did not choose Io have it thought they were against the franchises of the town. They therefore consented to every- _.__- _: thing, for which the richest and most discreet men E __ _ paid very dearly afterwards. They were no longer masters in the to.in, and dared neither speak nor _ —- act but as the white hoodls pleased. They said, that neither for John-Lyon nor for Gilbert Matthew, nor for their wars and hatreds would they take part; but they were united in one point, the preserving an d defending the franchises of the citizens of Ghent, which they afterwards demonstrated, for they made a war which lasted for seven years; it and, during that time, there were no quarrels in the town, which was their great cause of defence both l at home and abroad. They were so much united s together that there were not any distractions among them, but each subscribed his money and jewels to r the general Fleud; and those amorig them who had thf greatest abundance gave it to this stock, as you shall hear related. o if he m - - Not long after the earl of Flanders' departure from a ocw Ghent, and fixiag his residence at Lille, Oliver d'Au. termnie, cousin-german to Roger d'Auterme, whom the, men of Ghent murdered, sent his defiance to HoTEL DEI-VILL, OUDENARDE. From a Flemish Drawing. that town1 in revenge for his death. Sir Philip de Mamines did the sarse, as well as several others. After these challenges had been delivered, they met about fifty boats, peace, nor had they any such wish or inclination; and ttat if John with their crews, descending the Scheld, laden with corn for Ghent, Pruniaux had of himself committed any outrage, the town would not on whom they retaliated for the death of their cousin: having seized avow it." They excused themselves loyally and fully; but they the mariners, they put out their eyes, and in this maimed and miser. added, "that the earl had permitted great excess to be committed able state they sent them to Gihent. The citizens of Ghent looked on against them, by those of his household, who had wounded and slain this act as a personal injury done to them: when complaints of it some of their fellow-citizens; and this was much felt by the whole were brought before the magistrates, they were much enraged, and town. What say you, my lords, to this?" knew not what to say. There were great murmurings throughout The commissaries from the earl replied, "They had well re. the town; and the majority of the inhabitants said the earl of venged themselves." "Oh no," answered the magistrates: "we Flanders had done it, so that scarcely any one that was a respectable do not say that what John Pruniaux has done at Oudenarde was by nha.racter could offer anything in his defence. way of revenge; for wae can clearly prove by the treaty of peace, if The instant John Pruniaux, who was at the time the principal we choose, and we appeal to the testimony of the duke of Burgundy, leader and master of the white hoods, heard this news, without say- that Oudenarde was to have been dismantled by us, or put in the ing a word to the mriagistrates of the town (I know not if he mentioned state it is now in: but at the entreaty of the duke, we did not then his plan to the other captains, his companions, but I should suppose insist upon it." The commissaries replied; "It appears then, by what he did,) assembled the greater part of the white hoods, and others you have said, that you ordered it to be done, and you cannot now equally inclined to do evil, and marched out of Ghent, taking the excuse yourselves from this charge: since you knew that John Pruroad to Oudenarde. When he came thither there was not any guard niaux was gone to Oudenarde (whither he had marched with a large nor sentinel, for they suspected nothing: he seized the gate, and army, and had surprised it under shadow of the peace,) and that he entered the town withl his men, who amounted to more than five was destroying the fortifications and throwinig the walls into the thousand. When morning came, he set laborers to work, with car- ditch, you ought to have gone thither and forbidden him to commit penters and masons whom hlie had brought with him; and they never such outrages, until you should have laid your complaints before the ceased working until they had destroyed the two gates, the towers earl. Of the wounding and assaulting your citizens, you should have and the walls, which they flung into the ditch on the side toward addressed yourselves to the duke of Burgundy, who had Inade the Ghont. Now, how could those excuse themselves who had con-. peace, and remonstrated with him on the business. By this means, scoued to this wicked deed? for they remained in Oudenarde, up- your quarrels would have been made up; but you have not done so. ward of a imonth, destroying the gates and the walls. If they had My lord of Flanders therefore informs you, that since you have thus remanded their people as soon as it was known what they were contemptuously behaved yourselves toward him, and then petition doing, one might have excused them; but they did no such thing: him with swords in your hands, he will one day take such cruel on the contrary, they winked at it, and suffered them to proceed, revenge on you that all the world shall ever afterwards speak of it." until news was carried to the earl, who resided at Lille, how John Then they left the mayor and jurats of Ghent, and, after they had Pruniaux had stolen into Oudenarde, and was destoying two of the dined, set out on their return through Courtray to Lille; when they gates and walls of it, as well as the towers, related to the earl what they had done, and what excuses the tow5 Thie earl was in great choler on hearing this; indeed, he had good of Ghent had made. cause for it; and said, "tta, these accursed people! the deyil pos CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 26 Oudenarde. They said among themselves; "Certainly the carl CHAPT~eR XLVI. ~C H A P T ER X~L V~I. will, if he can, destroy all of us. He loves us so well, he only MIE MEN OF GHENT SURRENDER OUDENARDE. THEY DESTROY THE HIOUSES wants our lives. Has he not put to death John Pruniaux? In OF THE NOBLES. A CRUEL AND PITILESS WAR RENEWED BETWEENTHE truth, we must own that we acted very wrong in regard to John MEN OF GHENT AND THiE NOBILITY. Pruniaux, when w'e suffered him to he banished: we are guilty of ONE may well be surprised to hear the matter of this treaty so his death; and, if they can catch us, such an end as his awaits us. diversely spoken of, and such astonishing accounts told of it, which Let us be on our guard." eve'y one who reads may understand. Some said the men of Ghent Peter du Bois added; "IIf you will be advised by me, there shall were in the right to make this war, which was so cruel and of such not a gentleman's house of any strength remain in the country about long continuance in Flanders, adding, they had a just cause for so Ghent; for by such houses we niay all be destroyed, if we do not doing; but it does not so appear to me from what I have seen, nor take care and provide a remedy." The others answered "You can I learn or understand but that the earl always preferred peace say well; come quick, let us down with them all." Upon this, the to war, except where his honor and dignity were concerned. Did captains, Peter da Bois, John Boule, Rasse de Harzelle, John de he not give up the citizen who was confined in his prison at Erclo? Launoy, and several others made preparations for setting out'from Yes, he did; and they murdered his bailiff. In order to preserve Ghent, which they did, and burnt and destroyed all the houses of peace, he again pardoned them this outrage; when they in one day the gentlemen: whatever they found therein, they divided among caused an insurrection throughout all Flanders against him, and slew, themselves as fair booty. After this, they returned to Ghent; and even in the town of Ypres, five of his knights. They afterwards none were bold enough to say to them, You have done ill. attacked Oudenarde, and besieged it, doing everything in their The gentlemen, knights and squires, who resided at Lille with power to take and destroy it. After this, peace was concluded; but the earl, on hearing this, were much enraged, and with reason: they refused to make any atonement for the death of Roger d'Au- they told the earl, that this outrage ought to be punished, and the terme, though his family had frequently demanded it; for which pride of the Ghent men humbled. The earl gave to these knights that family had revenged themselves on some mariners, by whom all and squires permission to make war on Ghent, and revenge them. these disturbances were originally created: and was this a sufficient selves for the injuries they had suffered. They made alliances with reason for the total destruction of Oudenarde? I think not; and manyknights and squires of Flanders, and entreated their friends this opinion is confirmed by many others agreeing in it. They said in Hainault to assist them, and chose for their commander le Hasle in reply, that the earl had other things to settle with Ghent; and do Flandres, the eldest bastard son of the earl, a right valiant knight. itsisted on having reparation made for what had been done to the This Hasle de Flandres and his companions sometimes fixed their mariners, before they would surrender Oudenarde. quarters in Oudenarde, at others at Gavres, Alost or Dendremonde, The earl was exceedingly enraged, as well as his council, that and had frequent skirmishes with the Ghent men. They advanced the Ghent men should keep possession of Oudenarde. He knew up to the barriers of the town, and testroyed almost all the windnot how to expel them from it, which made him sorely repent, that mills which were around it, committing other injuries on Ghent. notwithstanding the peace he had entered into with Ghent, he had They had with them a young knight from Hainault, well inclined to not more strongly guarded it. He frequently wrote and sent to them serve them, whose name was sir James de Verchin, s~neschal of to surrender it to him; otherwise he would wage so severe a war Hainault. He performed many gallant deeds, and advanced himself that they should for ever remember it. The citizens of Ghent were sometimes too rashly, in tilting close to the harriers, and twice or unwilling to avow this act; for, if they had, the peace would have thrice won from them their helmets and cross-bows. This sir James been broken. At last, some of the principal inhabitants, who wished de Verchin was very fond of arms, and would have greatly excelled for peace and tranquillity, such as John de Faucille, Guisebert de if he had lived longer; but he died young, and in his bed, at the Guise, sir'Simon Bete and many others, undertook the business; castle of Ombre, near Mortaigne, which was a great loss. and, after twelve days negotiating, those from Ghent who were in Oudenarde returned home, and the town was surrendered to the earl's men. Ii order further to appease the earl, John Pruniaux was banished from Ghent and firom Flanders for ever: his sentence C H A P T E R X L V I I stated it as the reason, that he had gone and taken possession of Trm NOBLES 21~IAKE WATr, UPONA tHME ELEMINGb. Oudenarde without the knowledge of the magistrates of Ghent. Sir Philip de Mamines, sir Oliver d'Auterme, le Galois de Mannes, THE men of Ghent had been very free in their jokes and mocK. le bastard de Widringues, and all those who had been actors or eries of the noblemen and gentry of Flanders, but were afterwards abettors in the maiming the mariners of Ghent, were also banished sorry for it, and had once intentions of sending to duke Albert of the country. These banishments appeased both parties. Hainault, to request he would recal his knights who were making Pruniaux quitted Flanders, and went to Ath In Brabant. Sir war against them; but, on reconsidering the business, they thought Philip de Mamines went to Valenciennes in Hainault; but, when it would only be lost labor, for the duke would not interfere in it. those of Ghent heard it, they worked upon the provost and jurats of They were unwilling also to anger hini more, for they should fare Valenciennes, so that the provost, John Paris, prevailed on the ill without his country; and if Hainault, Holland and Zealand were knight quietly to leave the town: he departed of his own free will, shut against them, they might consider themselves as rained. They and resided at Warlain, near Douay, until he heard better news. therefore gave up this, and followed other counsel, which was to The other knights and squires went from Flanders to Brabant, send to those knights and squires of Hainault who heid possessions where they remained until more agreeable intelligence made them within Ghent or its dependency, to come and serve them under quit it. As soon as the earl of Flanders had regained possession of pain of losing their estates: they, however, paid no attention to Oudenarde, he sent thither numbers of workmen to repair the gates, their summons. To this effect, they sent to sin Herv6, lord d'Antoing, towers and walls, which he made stronger than before: the ditches who had an estate in Ghent, and was also constable of the castle, also were deepened. to assist them, or he would lose the rights of his castlewick; and, All this was kinown at Ghent; but they took no notice of it, lest because he would not obey their summons, they razed his house of they should be reprimanded for having infringed the peace. The Vienne to the ground. discontented, however, sa/id among themselves; "Let them work The lord d'Antoing sent them word, he would cheerfully serve as long as they please in repairing Oudenarde, for, were it now of them at their expense, and to their ruin; that they were not to place steel, it could not resist us, whenever we may choose to take it." any dependence on him, for he would always be their enemy, and Although there was peace in Flanders, the earl had constant sus. oppose them in every instance; that he would not hold anythiing of picions of Ghent; for every day some tales were brought him re- them, but from his lord the earl of Flanders, to whom he owed spectiag it: and similar ones were told of him to the townsmen of service and obedience. This lord kept well the promise he had Ghent. John de Faucille went to reside at Nazareth, a very hand- made them; for he waged a mortal war against Ghent, and did them some and strong house of his a good league distant from Ghent. many injuries. He reinforced the castle with men and stores, by He dissembled there as long as hlie was able, and would not be of which means those in Ghent were much annoyed. On the other the town-council, in order to avoid being marked by the earl. He hand, the lord d'Anghien, whose name was Walter, though a young also absented himself very much from his attendance on the earl, to squire, but well inclined, did them much mischief. The war was preserve his popularity in Ghent, and thus, as it were, swimming thus sharply carried on during the whole season. The Ghent men between two streams, kept himself as much neuter as he could. dared not venture out of their town but in large troops; for whenDuring the time the earl was repairing Oudenarde, and had just ever they met their enemies, if in superior numbers, they were all finished it, he was earnest, by letters and messages to his cousin the I slain withoat mercy. duke of Brabant, to get possession of John Pruniaux, who resided Thus was the war embittered between the earl of Flanders and at Ath. He managed the matter so well that he was delivered up, Ghent, which afterwards cost a hundred thousand lives twice told and brought to Lille, where he was beheaded, and his body placed and with great difficulty could any end be put to it and peace reon a wheel as a traitor. Such was the end of John Pruniaux. At established, for the leaders in Ghent knew they had done such evil this same time, the carl came to Ypres, and held there several courts deeds against the earl of Flanders and the duke of Burgundy that of justice, by whose judgments many wicked people were beheaded; they were persuaded no treaty could be made or sworn to, whatever such as fullers and weavers, who had opened the gates to the men the outward appearance of it might be, but that their lives would be of Ghent, and slain the carl's knights, that others might from them sacrificed. This made them* firm in their resolutions, and resolved take warning. All this was told in Ghent, which made them more to keep up the division and war against the earl and gentlemen of suuaicioas than before, especially the leaders of the expeditions to Flanders: it also gave them the courage to fight desperately, which, 362 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. however, sometimes ill befel them in their enterprises, as you will son was the fittest person of any, for he was a valiant, en.erprising, hear related. and prudent knight. well known to and beloved by the Bretons. The earl of Flanders, who had fixed his residence at Lille, received Things remained thus for some time, when the men-at-arms of d[aily information of the ill deeds of the men of Ghent, how they sir Bertrand returned to France, for the castle had surrendered the were destroying and burning the houses of his nobles: he was sore same day the constable had died, and the garrison of it had gone to vexed, and said he would -take so great a revenge on Ghent, that he that of Ventadour. When the king of France saw the men-at-arms would put it in fire and flames, with all the inhabitants within it. of the constable, he turned aside for grief at the loss of him whomn he In order to be more powerful, the earl summoned all the barons of had so much loved: he gave to each of them a handsome present Flanders and gave up to them the whole country, the better to resist suitable to their ranks. We will now leave this subject, and relate the white hoods. He appointed two leaders, Galois de Mamines how the earl of Buckingham, youngest son of Edward III. of Eng. and Peter d'Estrevilles. These two, with their company, bore the land, having assembled a large army of men-at-arms and archers, banner of the earl, and remained about three weeks between Oude- crossed the sea, and marched his army through France to Brittany. narde and Courtray, upon the Lys, where they did much damage. When Rasse de Harzelle was informed of this, he marched out of Ghent with the white hoods, to Deynse, where he thought to meet CHAPTER XLIX. the army of the earl.: but, when they knew that the Ghent men were on their march, they retreated to Tournay, and strengthened THE DUKE OF BRITTANY REQUESTS SUCCOR FROMTHE KING OF ENGLAND. te town. Th continued there, and in the neighborhood of Damme, THE EARL OF BUCKINGHAMI, YOUNGEST SON TO THE LATE KINGG, IS AP. the town. ThV continued there, and in the neighborhood of Daname, PITDCMADRO H XEIIN Orchies and Vorlam a considerable time, so that the merchants dared PONTED COMANDE OF TE EXPEDITION. not go from Tournay to Douay for fear of them. Ft was reported, You have before heard, that when the duke of Brittany left Engthe Ghent men intended besieging Lille and tei earl within it; and land, king Richard and his uncles promised him aid of men at-arms for this purpose they would have formed an alliance with Bruges and archers, which they performed with ill success; for this was the and Ypres. They had gained over Gramont and Courtray; but expedition under the command of sir John Arundel, who with two those of Bruges and Ypres were iriesolute. They had disagreed hundred men-at-arms were shipwrecked, he himself drowned, with with the handicraft trades, declaring it would be great folly to go so fourscore men-at-arms and as many archers, and from which sir far to lay siege to Lille; for the earl, their lord, might form an alli- Hugh Calverley and sir Thomas Trivet most narrowly escaped. ance with the king of France, as he had formerly done, and receive This unfortunate event put an end to the expedition, which not from him much assistance. being known to the duke of Brittany, he and his council were exThese doubts kept the principal towns of Flanders at this time ceedingly surprised, and could not conceive what was become of the from entering into the war, so that no siege was formed. To pre- English; for they were very anxious to profit by their assistance, in vent the earl from entering bito any treaty with his son-in-law the the sharp war which was carrying on against the duke by sir Oliver duke of Burgundy, they sent embassadors, with most amicable letters, de Clisson, sir Guy de Laval, sir Oliver du Guesclin, the count de to the king of France, to supplicate him, for the love of God, not to Longueville, the lord de Rochefort, and the French on the frontiers take any part to their disadvantage; for their only wish was love, of his duchy. peace, obedience and service; and that their lord had very wrong- The duke was advised to send some able men to England, to fully and wickedly oppressed and harassed them: that what they know why the reinforcements were not sent according to promise, were now doing was only for the preservation of their franchises, and to hasten them over, for they were in great need of them. The which their lord wanted to destroy. The king was somewhat in- lord de Beaumanoir and sir Eustace de la Houssaye were entreated dlined in their favor, though he showed not any appearance of it in by the duke and his nobility to make this journey to England: they public. The duke of Anjou, his brother, did the same; for, although answered, they would willingly comply. Letters were given to them the earl of Flanders was their cousin, he was not in their good graces, by the duke and nobles of the country; when having departed, they on account of having entertained the duke of Brittany for a long embarked at Vannes, with a favorable wind, and arrived at Southtime much against their wills. They therefore troubled not them. ampton. They there disembarked, and, having mounted their horses, selves about his affhirs: neither did pope Clement, who said, that went to London.. It was about Whitsuntide, in the yer of grace God had sent him this rod because he was his enemy and would not 1380. acknowledge him as pope. The arrival of these two lords was soon notified to the king and to his three uncles. The Whitsun feast being arrived, the king went to Windsor to celebrate it, attended by his uncles and great C~H A P T ER X ~LVIII. numbers of the barons and knights of 9ngland The two embassa. dors went thither also, and were graciously received by the king and THE DEATH OF SIR BERTRAND DU GUESCLIN, CONSTABLE OF FRANCE. the barons, when they presented their letters to his majesty and his THE good constable of France, sir Bertrand du Guesclin, had uncles. After they had perused them, they knew the great need the remained in Auvergne with many able men.at-arms. He had laid duke of Brittany had for assistance, from the earnest entreaties he siege to Chateau.-neuf de Randon,* three leagues from the city of and the country made for it. Mende,t and four from the town of Puy in Auvergne, in the castle The embassadors then first heard of the death of sir John Arundel of which he had shut up several English and Gascons, who had and his companions, who had perished at sea on their voyage to come from the country of Limousin, where there were plenty of Brittany. The duke of Lancaster made excuses, saying, it was not fortresses. The constable made many severe attacks on the castle owing to any fault of the king or his ministers, but ill-fortune at sea, during the siege, and swore that he would never depart until he was against which none can make head when God wills it so. The the master of it. When there, he was seized with so great a sick. embassadors, therefore, fully acquitted the king, and greatly lamented ness that he kept his bed: this, however, did not prevent the siege the deaths of those knights and squires who had perished. When from being continued: indeed, it was carried on by his army with the feasts of Whitsuntide were over, a parliament was holden at greater eagerness. Sir Bertrand's malady was so deadly that he fell Westminster, to which were summoned all the members of the a victim to it, which was a severe loss to his friends and to the king, council. dom of France. His body was carried to the church of the Corde- While these doings were passing, sir Guiscard d'Angle, earl of tiers of Puy in Auvergne, where it remained one night; and on the Huntingdon, departed this life in the city of London. He was buried morrow it was embalmed, conveyed to St. Denis in France, and in the church of the Austin-friars.* The king ordered his obsequies buried in a tomb very near that of Iking Charles of France, which to be most honorably performed, and they were attended by a great the king had caused to be made in his lifetime. By his order, the number of the prelates and barons of England: the bishop of Lon. body o1 sir Bertrand, his constable, was placed at his feet; and his don sung mass. Soon after the parliament was opened, the lord obsequies were performed with the same honors as if he had been Thomas, youngest son of the late king of England, and many barons, his own son: the king's brothers, as well as great numbers of the knights, and squires of the realm, were ordered to cross the sea to nobility, attended. Calais; and, if God should permit, they were to march through By the death of sir Bertrand, the office of constable became vacant; France, with three thousand men-at-arms, and as many archers, so on which many councils were held to nominate a successor. Several that the lord Thomas might arrive in Brittany, attended by earls, great barons of France were thought of: in particular, the lords de barons, and knights, suitably to the dignity of a king's son. He.;:.uon and de Coucy. The king of France appointed the lord de undertook a bold task to pass through the kingdom of France, which Coucy governor of all Picardy, and also gave him the domain ol is so extensive and noble, and which has such gallant chivalry and Mortaigne, which is a handsome heritage, situated between Tournay valiant men-at-arms. and Valenciennes. Sir James de Verchen, the young s6neschal of When everything relative to the expedition had been discussed Hainanit, was turned out of it: he held it in succession from his and finally arranged, the king of England and his uncle wrote letters father, who had been lord of it for a long time. I say, therefore, the to the duke of Brittany and to the nobles of the country, informing lord de Concy was greatly in favor with tie king of France, who them in part of their will, what had been determined on by the par. was desirous to nominate him constable: but the gallant knight liament, and that for a certainty the earl of Buckingham would th'm excused himself with many reasons, and refused to undertake so season cross the sea to march to their and. The king of England weighty a charge as that of constable, adding that sir Oliver de Clis- showed the embassadors many honors, and gave them very rich presents, as also did his uncles, when they set out on their departure * Chatteu-neuf de Randon " — village in Lower Languedoc. for Brittany. They presented their letters to the duke, who, having M" Mende" —an ancient city in IrlaweE Lansuedec. twenty-eight leagues from Alby. - * "Austin-friars." See Govca's Sepulchral Msonaamaeatz. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 263 opened and read them, showed them to the states of his country, Hugh Calverley, sir Hugh Hastings, and sir Hugh de la Sente,r who were satisfied with their contents. The king of England and advanced with their pennons; lord Thomas Percy, sir Thomas Trivet, his uncles did not delay this expedition, but sent summons to all sir William Clinton, sir Evan de Fitzwarren, sir Hugh Tyrrel, the those who had been selected to attend the earl of Buckingham; the lord de la Warr, sir Eustace and sir John de Harbeston, sir William barons to assemble in one place, and the knights in another. They Farrington, the lord de Braose, sir William Fabre, sir John and sir had their wages paid them at Dover for three months, which were Nicholas de Ambreticourt, sir John Mace, sir Thomas Camois, sir to commence as soon as they should land at Calais, as well for the Ralph, son to the lord Neville, sir Henry, bastard of Ferrars, sir men-at-arms as the archers, and their passage over was given to Hugh Broc, sir Geoffry Worseley, sir Thomas West, the lord de them. They crossed in small parties to Calais, and were upward Saincte More, David Holgrave, Huguelin de Calverley, bastard, Berof fifteen davs before the whole had there landed. nard de Coderieres, and several more. These men-at-arms rode in handsome array, but did not march farther the day they left Calais than to Marquise, where they halted, to attend to their affairs, and to hold a council which road they t should take to accomplish Those__L of___ _ B havingtheir expedition; for there were several among them who had never been in France besurprised When this intellige was nfore: in particular, the king's the -___ -e nson, and many barons and squires of thoseknights. It was therefore but owns, ttreasonable, that those who -ac Mowere acquainted withl the Ne-~;iws — of this a r mament was carli e - kingdom of France, and havand ing formeorly epassed through, and had several engagements Verm alld in it, should have such weight days:_ —~.l~ given to their advice and opiny; whichmanyoftilions as redounded to their C':I I E 1 honor. True it is, that in former times, when the English THEl~ garrisoinvaded France, they made a regulation, for the leaders to swear, in the presence of the -,lking and his council, to ob. serve two things; that to no one, except to themselves, -:rarswould they reveal the secrets of their councils, their intend. ed march, nor what might he their intentions; and second. EARL or BUCRINGaArM with his army. on their voyage to Calais, to assist the duke of Brittany. From a MS. of the 15th century. ly, that they would never agree to any treaty with the enemy without the knowledge anil Those of Boulogne having noticed such large bodies of men-art- consent of the king and his council. arms continually crossing from Dover to Calais, gave notice of it to When these barons, knights, and squires, with their men, had reall the country and the different garrisons, that they might not be mained for three days at Marquise, and their whole force had joined surprised. When this intelligence was known in tihe Boulonnois, them from Calais, the captains, having well considered their line of the Terouennois, and in the county of Guines, all the knights and march, departed, and took the road to Ardres. They halted before squires of those countries placed their wealth in different strong the castle of Ardres, to show themselves to the garrison within; when towns, to avoid losing it. The governors of Boulogne, Ardres, de the earl of Buckingham having created the earl of Devonshire and la Montoire, d'Esperleck, de Tournehem, de Nordt, do Liques, and the lord Morley knights, these two lords first displayed their banners. other castles on the frontiers, exerted themselves greatly in strength- The earl of Buckingham created also the following knights: the son ening and victualing their garrisons; for they knew, that since the of the lord Fitzwalter, sir Roger Strange, sir John d'Ypre, sir John English had crossed over with so large a fleet that they would be Cole, sir James Tyrrel, sir Thomas Ramestone, sir John Neville, sir attacked. Thomas Roselie. The whole army took up their quarters at Hosquet News of this armament was carried to the king of France, who when the above knights were made. The vanguard then marched resided at Paris. He sent immediate orders to the lord de Coucy, to a strong house called Folant,T situated upon a river. rhere was who at that time was at St. Quentin, to provide himself with men- a squire within it of the name of Robert, to whom the house belonged.. at-arms, and to march to Picardy, to reinforce all the towns, cities, He was a good mnan-at-arms, and had well garrisoned it with stores and castles in that province. The lord de Coucy duly obeyed the and hardy soldiers, whom he had picked up in the neighborhood, to, king's orders, and issued his summons at Peronne in the Vermandois, the amount of forty, who showed every intention to defend them.. for the instant assembling of all the knights and squires of Artois, selves well. Vermandois, and Picardy. The lord de Saimpi was at that time These barons and knights, eager to do honor to their new knight governor of Ardres, and sir John de Bouill6 of Boulogne. hood, surrounded the tower of Folant, and immediately began the The earl of Buckingham arrived at Calais with his army three attack; but it was well defended by those within. Many a gallant' days before Magdalen-day, in the month of July, 1380. deed was performed; anid those in the fort shot well and contnually,, by which many of the assailants were killed and wounded who ventured too near. There were in the fort some good cross-bowmen,. CHAPTER L. whom the governor of St. Omer had sent thither at the squire's re.quest; for he had imagiiied the English would pass near his house,'?IIE EARL OF BUCKINGHIAiM MARCHES WITH mIS ARMY FROM CALAIS. and was resuolved to defend it to the utmost of his power, which he did, THE garrison in Calais were much rejoiced at the arrival of the for he behaved gallantly. The earl of Devonshire, wNhile he was on) earl of Buckingham, for they well knew it would not be long before the ditch, iis banner displayed before him, spoke out bravely, whichi they began their march. The earl having refreshed himself for two greatly encouraged his men, saying, "What, mIy lords! shall we so, days at Calais, on the third departed, and took the field, following much disgrace our new honors as to remain all the clay before thisl the road toward Marquignes.* It is proper I should name to you the pigeon-house? The stroiig places and castles in France may well banners and pennons under the earl's command: first, the earl him- hold out against us, when such a place as thifs stops us. Advance,. self, anti the earl of Stafford who had married his niece, a daughter advance i let us prove our knighthoods." Those who heard him; of the lord de Coucy, rode with displayed banners; the eari of Dc- took proper notice of what he said, and, sparing themselves less than,. vonshire, tie lord Despencer, who was constable of the army, the before, leaped into the ditches, and made for the walls, the archerms lord Fitzwaltejr, marshal, the lord Basset, the lord Bourchier, the lord shooting so briskly that scarcely any dared show themselves on the Ferrars; the lord Morley, the lord Darcey, sir William Windsor, sir parapets. __________________ Several were killed and wounded, and the lower court taken andi! ~"Marquignes" —I suppose must be Mbarruise, a town in the Boulonrs'is, between Calais and Boulogne, five teagues from Calah. * Q. "De Ia Sente" t Q. "Hosque.": Q. "Folast." 264 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. burnt. At length, the whole garrison were made prisoners; but, and which road the English had taken. They replied, they had though they had defended themselves well, none were mortally lodged the preceding night at Doncheres; that they marched with wounded. Thus was the house of Folant gained, and Robert Fo- very great prudence, for they constantly kept in close order. "It ia lant with his garrison made prisoners, by the earl of Devonshire and then clear," answered the lord de Coucy, "that they wish for battle; his men. The whole division took up their quarters on the banks of which they shall have, if the king our lord will trust us, before they the river of Hosque, to wait for sir William Windsor, who corn- have finished their march." The earl marched by Arras, in order of manded the rear-guard. He came thither in the evening. On the battle, continuing his route without doing anything: he took up his morrow, they marched off together, and advanced as far as Esper- quarters at Anet,* on the morrow at Miraumont,t and the next day leck, where they lodged themselves. at Clery-on-the-Somnme. The governor of St. Omer, finding the enemy so near, doubled his The lord de Coucy, who resided at Arras, on hearing that they guands, and ordered two thousand mnoen to be in readiness the whole had gone this road, sent the lord Hangest to Braye-sur-Somme,; and nigh:., that the enemy might not surprise the town. The next day, with him thirty lances, knights and squires: he ordered to Peronne thIe English decamped, about six o'clock, and advanced in battle-ar- sir James de Verchin, s~neschal of Hainault, the lord de Hamireth, ray before St. Omer. The inhabitants, hearing of their march, armed sir John de Roye, and several others: he himself went to St. Quenthemselves, according to the orders they had received, and drew up tin. He sent the lord de Clery, with others, into the Vermandois; in the market-place, from whence they went to the gates, towers, for he was anxious that no loss should be suffered through any neglL and battlemnents, with a determined resolution to resist, for they had gence on his part. heard that the English would attack the town; but they had no such intentions, for, as it was very strong, they might lose more than they CHAPTER LI. could gain. The earl of Buckingham, however, who had never before been BYin THE ENGLISH. THE GARRISON OF rEtONNE ARE DRIVEN BAC France, wished to see St. Omer, because it appeared from its gates, INTO THAT TOWN. walls, towers, and steeples, to be a Iandsome place. He drew up and halted his army sn a hill about a half a league from it, where he Tit night the English had quartered themselves at Clery-on-theremained for three hours. While there, some of the young knights Soinme, some knights of the army, such as sir Thomas Trivet, sir and squires, mounting their coursers, spurred them up to the barriers, William Clinton, sir Evan Fitzwarren, at the instigation of lord Delaand'demanded to tilt with the knights in the town; but, no answers warr, who was well acquainted with the whole country, and knew being made to them, they returned back to the army. The day the that the lord de Coucy was with a large body of men-at-arms in the earl came before St. Omer, lie made molre knights; among whom town of Arras, resolved to march from the army, at early dawn, with were sir Ralph Neville, sir Bartholomew Bourchier, sir Thomas Ca- the foragers, to see if they should meet with any adventure worth mois, sir Foulke Corbet, sir Thomas d'Angleere, sir Ralph Patipas, attending to; for they wished to perform some deed of arms. As sir Lewis St. Aubin, and sir John Paulet. These new knights, in they had planned, so did they execute; and about thirty lances set the first vigor of chivalry, mounted their horses, and galloped up to out after the foragers, in search of adventures. the gates, calling on the knights within to tilt with them; but they This same day the lord de Coucy left Arras with a large body of experienced the same neglect as the others had done. men, and had taken the road to St. Quentin. When they were on When the army saw that the French lords in St. Omer made not their march, the lord de Brimeu, his sons, with about thirty spears, any attempt to come out to meet them, they continued their march, quitted the army of the lord de Coucy, anxious to perform some gallant and came that day to Esquilles, between St. Omer and Terouenne, act. These two bodies of English and French, meeting in the plains, where they took up their quarters for the night. On the morrow, saw a combat was inevitable: they therefore struck spurs into their they departed, and made for Terouenne. The French garrisons in horses, and galloped toward each other, shouting.theircries of war. the tounties of Boulogne, Artois, and Guines, having observed the On the first shock, several were unhorsed, killed and wounded on dispositions of the English, that they continued their march without both sides. Many handsome deeds were done: they dismounted, stopping at any place, mutually informed each other of their inten- and began to thrust with their spears, each party behaving bravely. tions to follow them, since mu-h might be gained by it: they there- This mode of combat continued about an hour, and no one could fore assembled, under the pennons of the lord de Fransures and the say to whom would be the victory, but in the end the English won lord de Saimpi, to the number of more than two hundred lances. the field. Sir Thomas Trivet made prisoners the lord de Brimeu, They pursued the English army; but, though they kept close to them, and his two sons, John and Lewis, and sixteen men-at-arms: the the English marched in such compact order, they were not put into rest saved themselves: and the English returned to their army with the least disorder, and their enemies could not attack them, without their prisoners. They remained some little time in the neighborhood the risk of suffering a total defeat. These French knights and of Peronne, having heard from their prisoners, that the lord de Coucy squires, however, at times fell upon the English foragers, so that they was in that town with upward of a thousand lances, and they knew dared not forage but in large companies. not if he wished to offer them battle. The English passed Terouenne without attempting anything, for This day the lord Delawarr, with Fierabras his bastard-brother, sir the lords de Saimpi and de Fransures were within it. They marched Evan Fitzwarren and several others, quitting the army, hastened to:n toward Bethune, where they halted for a day; and I will tell you Mont St. Quentin, where they posted themselves in ambuscade; for the reason. You have before heard how king Richard, by the ad- they had learnt that the seneschal of Hainault was with a strong body vice of his uncles and council, had sent into Germany sir Simon Bur- of men-at-arms in Peronne, and they knew him to be so self-sufficient ley, to the emperor,* to demand his sister in marriage. This knight that he would not fail to sally out, which in truth he did. The van. so well managed the business, that the emperor, by advice of his guard ordered ten men.at.arms to march to Peronne; among whom council and the great lords of his court, complied with the request, were Thierry de Soumain, Fierabras, sir Hugh Calverley and Hopo. but he had sent, with sir Simon Burley, the duke of Saxony, first to quin Hay, mounted on their chargers. They galloped up to tihe barLuxembourg and then to England, to observe that kingdom, in order riers, where there were at least fifty spears with the s6neschal of that his sister might have a just account of it, so that if agreeable, Hainault; who, thinking to catch these gallopers, ordered the barriers the marriage might be concluded. to be thrown open, aid immediately commenced a pursuit after The cardinal of Ravenna was at that time in Enugland, and, being them, as they retreated toward their ambuscade. an Urbanist, was converting the English to the same way ofthink- When those who had placed themselves in ambush saw the French ing: he was waiting also the arrival of the above-mentioned duke. pursuing their men, they discovered themselves; but it was some At the entreaties of the emperor and the duke of Brabant, lie and what too soon, for when the s6neschal perceived this large body so all his company obtained liberty to pass through France to Calais. well nmounted, he sounded a retreat, and the horses then knew the They therefore travelled by way of Tournay, Lille, and Bethune, effect of spurs: very opportunely did these lords find the barriers from whence they came to visit the earl of Buckingham and ilns open. They were, however, so closely followed, that sir Richard do barons, who received the duke of Saxony and his suit most honor- Marqueiliies, sir Louis de Vertaing, Honard de la Honarderie, Vital ably. The Germans continued their journey through Aire and St. de St. Hilaire, with ten other men-at.-arms, remained prisoners to the,Omer, and from thence to Calais. English: the others escaped. When the English learnt that the The earl of Buckingham marched his army before Liques, and en- s6neschal of Hainault, the lord de Hamireth, the lord de Clery, with camped that same day at Bouhain les Bouissieres; but they were twenty other knights, had escaped, they cried out, "God! what a,constantly followed by the lords de Saimpi and de Fransures with fortunate event it would have been, if we had taken them, for they itheir forces. In the morning, they advanced nearer to Bethune. would have paid us forty thousand francs." They returned to the'There were in that town a numerous garrison of men-at-arms, knights army, and nothing more was done that day.:nand squires, whom the lord de Coucy had sent thither; such as the The army remained for three days at Cler*.sur-Somme, and in thai:!ord de Hangest, sir John and sir Tristan de Roye, sir Geoffr'y de neighborhood. On the fourth, they marched away, and came to the'Charny, sir Guy de Harcourt, and many more. The army passed abbey Vaucelle,~ three leagues from Cambray, and the next day By Bethune without making any attempt to attack it, and lay at nearer St. Quentin. This day, about thirty spears attached to the BDoncheres.t duke of Burgundy, had set out froom Arras for St. Quentin. Sir In the evening the lords de Saimpi and de Fransures entered Be. Thomas Trivet, sir Evan Fitzwarren, the lord Delawarr, and severan *thune, and the next day went to Arras, where they met the lord de others who had been from the vanguard with the foragers, as they':oucy, who received them very politely, inquiring news from them, * (.'Anet." t $" Miraumont" — " Braye-sur-Somme" —villages in Picardy election of Peronne * Winceolaus VI. emperor. t (. if not Donchy, a village near Arras. ~ " Vaucelle" —on the Scheld. nearto Crevecaur. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 265 were about o fix on their quarters, fell in with these Burgundians, There was a valiant man.at.arms from Hainault in the troop of the when a battle ensued: but it did not last long, for the Burgundians were lord Delawarr, called Peter Berton, who fixing his lance in its rest, soon dispersed, one here, another there, and all tried to save them- and being well mounted, came up with the lord de Hangest, who selves as well as they could. Sir John de Mornay, however, stood was flying before him, and gave him such a blow on the back with his ground in good order, with his pennon before him, and fought his lance that he almost drove him out of the saddle; but the lord valiantly, but at last was taken, and ten men of his company. The de Hangest neither lost his seat nor his stirrups, though Peter Ber. English then mprched to Foursons, two leagues from Amiens, where ton kept the iron hard at his back; and in this manner did they the vanguard quartered itself. arrive at Plancy. Straight at the entrance of the castle the lord de Hangest leaped firom his horse, and got into the ditch. Those within it were anxious to save him, and ran to the barriers, where C ~H ~A ~P ~T R L II. there was a grand skirmish; for the garrison kept shooting briskly, C HA PT ER L I. I. being very good cross.bowmen; and several valiant deeds were THE ENCGIISH BURN AND DESPOIL CHAMPACNE. TIHEY MEET WITH VARI- done on each side. With great difficulty the lord de Hangest was OUS ADVENTURES ON THEIR MARCH, AND MAKE MANY rRISONERS. saved. He fought gallantly on entering the castle; for reinforce. ON the ensuing morning, when the earl of Buckingham and his ments from the vanguard were continually arriving. The lord Darmy had heard mass, they began their march toward St. uentin; elawarr, sir Thomas Trivet, sir Hugh Calverley, came thither, and in which town there were numbers of men-at-arms, but they did not the conflict was great: there were upward of thirty of the French sally forth. Some of the light troops galloped itp to the barriers, and killed and wounded, and the lower court of the castle burnt. The soon returned; for the army continued its march without halting un- castle itself was warmly attacked on all sides, but well defended: til it arrived at Origny St. Benoiste,* and the adjacent villages. In the mills of Plancy were burnt and destroyed. The whole army the town of Origny, there was a handsome nunnery, the abbess of then retired, passed the river Aube at Pont a I'Ange, and marched which at that time happened to be aunt-in-law to the lord Delawarr, toward Valant-sur-Seine. The lord de Hanpest had a very narrom at whose entreaty the nunnery and the whole town were respited escape. from being burnt and pillaged: the earl was lodged in the abbey. This same day the captains of the vanguard, sir Thomas Trivet, That evening and the following morning, there were many skimishes sir Hugh Calverley, the lord Delawarr, the bastard his brother, Peter at Ribemont, which was hard by, when several were slain and Berton, and many others, made an excursion from the army, and wounded on each side. In the morning, the army dislodged from met Sir John de Roye, with about twenty spears of the duke of Bur. Origny, came to Crecy, and passed Vaux below Laon, fixing their gundy who were going to Troyes. The English, on seeing them, quarters at Sissonne.t The next day, they crossed the river Aisne, spurred their horses; for the French were making off, as not in sot. at Pont k Vaire, and came to Hermonville and Coumissy, four leagues ficient numbers to wait for them. The greater part did escape from Rheinis, without meeting with any foraage on their march. and Sir John de Roye, with others, got within the barriers of Troyes, Everything had been driven or carried into the towns and strong which at the time chanced to be open. On their return, they cap. places, the king of France having abandoned to his own men-at-arms tured four of his men, who could not save themselves, among whom whatever they could find in the open country: the English, therefore, was a squire to the duke of Burgundy, called Guion Goufer, an suffered great distress for want of food. They determined to send a expert man-at-arms. His horse was much heated, so that he had experttd mand,-avin-pacehmsel aginst aos waslmut-hetree, foughat h herald to Rheims, to open a treaty with the inhabitants, for them to dismounted, and, having paced himself against a walnuttree, fougt dhn toEgishmonedan, whovn placsed himsl hardainst aoaut-toee fuhim send provisions to the army, such as cattle, bread and wine. The vlitly two Englishmen, who pressed him hard, crying out to him inhabitants refused to enter into any negotiation, and, in their reply, in English to surrender; but he understood them not. Fierabras, i n h~gish rtufom thusuitrrivnder but the spotstood the nt.ip sierars saia, tbey must make the best of it. This answer so much enraged samu, sey must make thle best of it. This answer so much enraged on his return firom the pursuit, arriving at the spot, said to the squile in French, " Surrender thyself." On hearing this, he replied, " Art them thaE, in one -week, the light; troops burnt upward of 6,0 villages thou a gentleman?" The bastard Irejoined, he was. 11I then sur. dependent on Rheims. The English heard that the people of Rheirns had secured six thousand sheep in the ditches of the town, thinking render myself to thee," presenting him his sword and gauntlet; Tot render myself to thee," presenting him his sword and ga~untiet; forp them safe there: the vanguard advanced thither, and made their which the English would have killed him when he was in the bas men descend into the ditches and drive out the sheep, without any tard's hands, and they told him he was hot very courteous thu, to one daring to issue from the town to prevent them, or even appear- carryfrom them their prisoner, but the bastard was stronger than ing on the bulwarks; for the archers, being posted on the banks of they. Nevertheless this affair was, in the evening, brought before the ditch, shot so sharply that no one ventured to show himself: the the marshals, who, having whoell considered it, determined he should English gained several thousand head of sheep. They sent to inform remain to the bastard, who that evening rapsomed him, taking his the townsmen, they would burn all the corn in the fields, unless they word for the payment, and sent him on the morrow to Troyes. ransomed it by sending them bread and wine. The inhabitants were The whole army were quartered at Valant-sur-Seine, and the next frightened by this threat, and sent the army from ten to fifteen loads day crossing the Seine at a ford, came to a village one league from of bread and wine: by this means, the corn and oats' were saved of bread and wine: by this means, the corn and oats were saved'Troyes, called Bernard-Saint-Simple, where the lords and captains from being burnt. The English marched by Rheims in order of held many councils. battle to Beaumont-sur-Vesle,t for they had crossed the river below Rheims. On their departure from Beaumont, the English rode along C HA P T E R L II I. the river Marne, to seek a passage, and came to Conde-surMarne, THE ENGLISH COME BEFORE TROYES. A SEIRMISI AT ONE OF THE where they found the bridge broken down; but, as the supporters GATES. THEY TARE A FORT WHICH THE DUE OF BURGUNDY HAD still remained, they sought for planks and beams, with which they ERECTED ON THE OUTSIDE. RING CHARLES PRACTICES WITH THEn rebuilt the bridge, crossed the river, and quartered themselves in the INABITANTS NANTES. C5 ~~~~~~~~~~~~INHABITANTS OF NANTES. villages above Marne; and on the ensuing day, they came before the town of Vertus,~ when there was a grand skirmish in front of the THE duke of Burgundy was in the city of Troyes, and had fixed castle, in which many were wounded. on that place for the rendezvous of his forces. His intentions were The earl of Buckingham was lodged in the abbey. During the to fight the English between the rivers Seine and Yonne; and the night, the town was burnt, except the abbey, which, from the earl barons, knights and squires of France did not wish for anything bet. lodging in it, was saved; otherwise it would infallibly have suffered ter; but Charles of France, doubtful of the fortune of the war, would the same fate, for the townsmen had retreated into the castle, and not give his permission so to do. He recollected too well the great would not ransom it. The army marched off the following day, losses his nobles had formerly suffered from the victories of the and passed by the castle of Moymer, which is the inheritance of English, and would never allow them to fight unless the advantages the lord de Chastillon. The skirmishers advanced to the barriers, were very considerable on their side. There were with the duke and then passed on and took up their quarters for the night at Pe- of Burgundy, in Troyes, the duke of Bourbon, the duke of Bar, the lange, making for the city of Troyes, and the next day at Plancy-sur- count d'Eu, the lord de Coucy, sir John de Vienne, admiral ol Aube.[I The lord de Chateauneuf' and John de Chateaunreuf his France, the lords de Vienne, and de Sainte Croix, sir James de brother, with Remond St. Marsin, Gascons, and some English, Vienne, sir Walter de Vienne, the lord de ha Tremoule, the lord de about forty spears in the whole, rode from the army to seek adven- Vergy, the lord de Rougemont, the lord de Hambue, the slneschal tures, but met with none, which vexed them much. On their return f H ault, the lord de Saimpi, the baron des Barres, the lord d they saw in the plain a body of men-at-arms riding toward Troyes: Roye, the viscount d'Assi, sir William bastard de Langres, with upit was the lord de Hangest and his men: the English and Gascons ward of two thousand knights and squires. I was informed, that immediately spurred their horses to come up with them. The lord the lord de la Tremouille was sent by the duke and the other lords de Hangest had well observed them, and, doubting they were in to Paris, to entreat the king to allow titem to fight; and he was not greater numbers than they appeared, said to his men, "Make for returned at the time the English came before Troyes. The lords of Plancy and save yourselves; for these English have discovered us, France, doubting the English would not pass by without coming to and their main army is not far off; let us put ourselves in safety in look at them, had erected, about a ow-shot fom the ts of the castle of Plancy." They rode in that direction, and the English Troyes, a large redoubt of great beams of timber, which might after them. hold about a thousand men-at-arms; it was made of good strong wood, and well built. * Origny St. Benolste" —a town in Picardy, on the Oise, three leaSues from st. All the captains of the Engish army were summoned to a couiv Quentin. t "' Sissonae"-a town in Picardy, diotese of Laon. cil, to consider in what manner they should act t'he ensuing day. Bt Bseaumont,-sur-Vesle" —near Rheims. t "V artus"-a- town of Champagne, twelve leagues from Rheims. was resolved, that all the lords and knights should march, fully armed I' P ancy-sur-Aabe"-near Troyem. with their banners and pennons displayed, before Troyes they wero 266 CHIIRONICLES OF ENG~LAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. to draw up in the plain, and to send their heralds to offer battle to had troubled everything, and some French knights and mnet-at-arms those in the town. They armed themselves, therefore, on the mor- said to the heralds, " Gentlemen, you are in a hazardous situation, row, and, being formed in three battalions, advanced into the plain for the common people of this town are very wicked." This hint before Troyes, where they halted. The two heralds, Glocester and made them return without doing anything. We will now relate the Aquitaine, were called, when the earl of Buckingham said to them: beginning of the skirmish. In the first place, there was an English " You will go to Troyes, and tell the lords within the city that we squire, a native of the bishopric of Lincoln, who was an excellent are come from England in search of deeds of arms: wherever we man-at-arms, and there gave proofs of his courage. I know not if he think they can be found, there we shall demand them: and, because had made any vow: but with his lance in its rest, his target on him we know that a part of the lilies and chivalry of France repose in neck, he spurred his horse, and, riding full gallop down the cause the town of Troyes, we have purposely come this road. If' they way, he made him leap over the bars of the barriers, and came to wish to say anything to us, they will find us in the open plain in the the gate where the duke was, surrounded by the French nobility, form and manner in which you shall leave us, and in suchwise as who looked on this enterprise with amazement. The squire intended we ought to meet our enemies."' The heralds replied, " M! lord, returning; but he was prevented by his horse receiving a blow fromn we shall obey your commands." a spear, which felled him and killed the squire. It much angered They then set off, and rode to Troyes. The entrance of the the duke that he had not been made prisoner. redoubt was opened to them, where they stopped; for they could Instantly the battalions of the earl of Buckingham advanced on not get to the gate of the town from the numbers of men-at-arms foot, to the attack of the men-at-arms in the wooden redoubt, which and cross-bowmen issuing forth, and drawing up before this redoubt. had been formed of shutters, doors and tables, and was no;t, to say The two heralds wore the emblazoned arms of the earl of Bucking- the truth, fit to hold out against such men-at-arms as the English.ham: they were asked by the lords, what they wanted: they an- When the duke of Burgundy saw them advance in such numbers, and swered, they wished, if it were possible, to speak with the duke of with so much spirit, that the lords, barons and knights in this fort Burgundy. were not in force to withstand them, he directly ordered tlhem to During the time the heralds were endeavoring to deliver their retreat into the town, excepting the cross-bowmen. They retired, message to the duke of Burgundy, the English were arranging their by little and little, to the gate; and, as they were enteringo it, the battalions; for they looked on a battle as certain. All who were Genoese cross-bowmen shot and wounded the English. There was desirous of knighthood were called: first came sir Thomas Trivet, a good and sharp skirmish: the redoubt was soon conquered, but it with his banner rolled up, to the earl of Buckingham, and said: did not long remain to the English. All sorts of people cate in "My lord, if you please, I will this day display my banner; for, great strength to the gates; and, as they passed, they rew up on thanks to God, I have a sufficient revenue to support the state which the causeways. The duke of Lorraine was there handsomely disa banner requires." "It is highly pleasing to us," replied the earl: posed; as were the lord de Coucy, the duke of Boturbon, and others. then, taking the banner by the staff, he gave it back into his hands, Between this gate and the bars, many valorous deeds were done, saying, " Sir Thomas, God grant you may show your valor here, and of course numbers slain, wounded and taken. The English, and everywhere else." Sir Thomas took his banner, and, having seeing the French retreat, retreated also in excellent order, and displayed it, gave it to one of his squires in whom he had great formed themselves on the plain, in battle.array, for upward of two confidence, and went to the vanguard; for he was there stationed hours; when, toward evening, they retired to their quarters. by orders from the lord Latimer and the lord Fitzwalter, captain and The next day, the army marched to Maillerois-le-Vicomte, near constable. The earl then created the following knights: sir Peter Sens in Burgundy, where they halted for two days, to refiresh them. Berton, sir John and sir Thomas Paulet, sir John Stingulie, sir Tho- selves and to gather provision from the low countries, of which they mas Dortingues, sir John Vassecoq, sir John Braisie, sir John Bu- were in the greatest want. raine, sir Henry Vernier, sir John Colville, sir William Everat, sir You have heard how the English marched through France, and Nicholas Stingulie and sir Hugh de Lunit. They advanced to the thus took the road to Brittany. They publicly declared the duke van battalion, in order to have their share of the first blows, and country of Brittany had sent for them, and that they had not any A very gallant squire from the country of Savoy was then called, pretence for waging war in the name of *he king of England their who had before been requested to be made a knight at St. Omer lord, but that they were then in the pay of the duke of Brittany. and at Ardres: his name was Ralph de Gruyeres, son to the count King Charles was at the time fully informed of all these matters, and, de Gruveres: when the earl said to him, "We shall to-day, if it like a wise and prudent man as he was, examined well all the perils please God, have an engagement, and I will make you a knight;" and incidents which might arise from them. He considered, that the squire excused himself, saying, " God give you all the good and if Brittany joined these English against him, the fortune of war honor you wish me; but I will never be a knight until my natural would be more doubtful; and, as he was ill with the duke, if the lord, the earl of Savoy, shall confer it upon me in battle." He was principal towns were to open their gates to his enemies, it would not pressed further on this subject. turn out very much to his prejudice. He therefore sent, secretly, ft was a pleasure to observe the order of battle in which the Eng. letters sealed, but written in the most gracious manner, to the lish were drawn up; and the French were busy in strengthening inhabitants of Nantes (which is the key to all the other towns in their forts, for they concluded that at least there would be some skir- Brittany,) to request they would consider that the English, who were mishes, and that such warriors as the English would not depart marching through his kingdora, boasted they were sent for by them, without a nearer examination of them. The French formed them- and declared themselves to be their soldiers; and that in case they selves handsomely: and the duke of Burgundy was abroad, with his had thus engaged them, and would persevere in this evil act, they battle-axe in his hand, armed from head to foot: he passed in review would incur the malediction of their holy father the pope, according all the knights and squires as they marched to the fort; and the to the sentence he had passed, as well as the penalty of two hundred crowd was so great, there was not any passing, nor could the heralds thousand florins,, which he could legally demand from them, and arrive as far as the duke to deliver the message with which they had which they had bound themselves to pay, according to treaties been charged. sealed which had formerly passed between them, and of which he To the words which the earl of Buckingham had delivered to the had copies, as they could not be ignorant: that he had ever been heralds, Glocester and Aquitaine, others were added; for, on the their friend, and had assisted them in all their necessities; and that evening when the lords had held their council, they told the heralds: by persisting in this matter they would be very much to blame, for "You will carry this message, and tell the duke of Burgundy, that they had not any well-grounded complaint against him to induce the duke and country of Brittany in conjunction have sent to the them to enter so warmly into the war as to receive his enemies. lie king of England, for support and aid against certain knights and therefore recommended them maturely to reconsider this; and, ii barons of Brittany in rebellion against the said duke, whom they they had been wickedly or ill advised, he would frankly forgive it, refuse to obey as their lord, as the better disposed part of the country provided they did not open their gates to his enemies the Eng>'h, do, but carry on war, in which they are supported by the king of and would maintain them in all just rights and privileges, and even France. On this account, the king of England is resolved to assist renew them, should there be occasion. the duke and the country, and has ordered his fair uncle the earl of When these letters and offers from the king of France hadi been Buckinghamn, with a large body of men-at-arms, to march to Brittany read by the men of Nantes and considered, the principa! persons for this purpose. They landed at Calais, and, having marched among them said, the king of France was in the riglt; and had through the kingdom of France, are now so much in the heart of it cause for remonstrating with them as he had done; that in truth as to be arrived before the city of Troyes, wherein they know are they had sworn and sealed never to be enemies themsclvcs to the great numbers of the nobility: in particular the duke of Burgundy, kingdom of France, nor to give any assistance to its enemies. They son of the late king of France and brother to the king now on the began, therefore, to be on their guard, and sent privately to the king throne: therefore, the lord Thomas of Buckingham, son to the late of France not to be uneasy on this head, as they would never aid or king of England, demands a battle." The heralds requested to have succor the English in their attempts to injure the kingdom of5 France this put down in writing, which they were promised to have on the by force, nor would their town afford them any assistance; for they morrow; but, when they again asked for it, they had changed their were deterniined, if there should be any necessity, to claim the help opinions, and no letters were given; but they were told to go, and of the king, and that to his army alone would they open their ates, say what they had heard, as they were of sufficient credit; "and, if and to none else. The king of France, having received their ries. they choose, they will believe you." The heralds could not approach senger, put confidence in their declarations, for Nantes was ever near enough to the duke to deliver their message, nor obtain any attached to the French interest: of all this, however, the duke, who answer. resided at Vannes, was ignorant: he thought, nevertheless, that the The young English knights had already begun to skirmish, which * This contradicts his prior account of the redoubt. 3HRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 267 inhabitants of Nantes would remain steady to him, and that they he replied, " Let them alone: they will destroy themselves." The would open their gates to the English when they should come English continued their march, with the intent to enter Brittany. thither. You before heard, that there were three hundred spears in Gen.e.We will now return to the English who were quartered near to ville, so the whole army pasied by it. There was indeed at the Sons in Burgundy; in which city the duke of Bar, the lord de Coucy, barriers some little skirmishing, which lasted not long, as it was the lord de Saimpi, the lord de Fransures, were i a garrison with time thrown away. Without Geneville a handsome mill was detheir troops. stroyed. The earl came to Yterville,* and dismounted at the house of the Templars. The vanguard went forward to Puiset,t where ~~~~~CHAPTER IV. ~they heard that sixty companions had posted themselves in a large CHIIA PT ER L IV. tower: they marched to the attack, for it was situated in the open THE ENGLISH OVERRUN THE COUNTRIES OF GATINOIS AND BEAUCE. A plain without any bulwarks. The assault was sharp, but did not FRENCH SQUIRE DEMANDS TO TILT WITH AN ENGI'ISH SQUIRE: THEY last long, for the archers shot so briskly that scarcely any one dared BOTH BEHAVE VERY GALLANTLY. to appear on the battlements: the tower was taken, and those within WHEN the earl of Buckingham and his army had reposed them. slain or made prisoners. The English then set fire to it, and marched selves at Maillerois-le-Vicomte, they determined to advance into the on, for they were in the utmost distress for water. From thence Gatinois: they crossed, in consequence, the river Yonne, and their they went to Ermoyon, where they quartered themselves, and then light troops went even to the suburbs of Sons. The next day they to the forest of Marchenoir. In this forest there is a monastery of quartered themselves at St. Jean de Nemours and thereabouts, and monks, of the Cistertian order, which is called the Cistertian Abbey, afterwards at Beaune in Gatinois, where they remained three days, and has several handsome and noble edifices, where formerly a miat on account of its fertile and rich country. There they held a coun- renowned and noble knight, the count de Blois, received great edificil, whether to follow the road into the plains of Beauce, or keep to cation, and bequeathed to it large revenues; but the wars had greatly the course of the river Loire: they resolved on the first, and marched diminished them. The earl of Buckingham lodged in this abbey, toward Toury in Beauce. In this castle were the lord de Saimpi, and heard mass there on the feast of our Lady in September. It sir Oliver de Mauny, sir Guy le Baveux, and numbers of men-at- was there ordered, that Gauvain Micaille and Joachim Cater should arms. There were besides, at Geneville in Beauce, the lord de on the morrow complete their enterprise. That day the Eiglish Volainnes, le Barroi3ia des Barres, with others to the amount of three came to Marchenoir:1 the governor was a knight of that country, hundred spears; and in all the castles and fortresses of Beauce were called sir William do St. Martin, a prudent and valiant man-atarms. posted men.at-arms to defend the country. The English, after having reconnoitered the castle, retired to their Those of the vanguard skirmished with the garrison of Toury, quarters. In another part, the lord Fitzwalter came before the castle when there were some slain on both sides. The earl of Buclkingham of Verbi, not to attack it, but to speak with the governor at the barand his whole army were quartered at Toury in Beauce, and in the riers, with whom he was well acquainted, having been together environs, where they found plenty of provisions. During the skir- forme'rly in Prussia. The lord Fitzwalter made himself known to mish at Toury, a squire from Beauce, a gentleman of tried courage, the lord de Verbi, and entreated himn, out of courtesy, to send him who had advanced himself by his own merit, without any assistance some wine, and in return he would prevent his estate from being from others, came to the barriers, and cried out to the English, "Is burnt or spoiled. The lord de Verbi sent him a large quantity, and there amongo von any Gentleman who for love of his lady is willing thirty great loaves with it; for which the lord Fitzwalter was very to try with me some feats of arms? If there should be any such, thankful, and kept his promise. here I am, quite ready to sal:y forth completely armed and mounted, On the day of the feast of our Lady, Gauvain Micille an oachim to tilt three courses with the lance, to give three blows with the Cator were armed, and mounted to finish their engagement. They battle-axe, and three strokes with the dagger. Now look, you Eng. met each other roughly with spears, and the French squire tilted Lsh, if there be none among you in love." much to the satisfaction of the earl: but the Englishman kept his This squire's name was Gauvain Micaille. His proposal and spear too low, and at last struck it into the thigh of the Frenchman.{:equest was soon spread among the English, when a squire, an ex- The earl of Buckingham as well as the other lords were much en. pert man at tournaments, called Joachim Cater, stepped forth and raged at this, and said it was tilting dishonorably; but he excused said, "I will deliver him from his vow: let him make haste and himself, by declaring it was solely owing to the restiveness of his come out of the castle." Upon this, the lord Fitzwalter, marshal of horse. Then were given the three thrusts with the sword; fd the tne army, went up to the barriers, and said to sir Guy le Baveux, earl declared they had done enough, and would not have it loiger " Let your squire come forth: he has found one who will cheerfully continued, for he perceived the French squire bled exceedingly: the deliver him; and we will afford him every security." other lords were of the same opinion. Gauvain MTicaille was thereGauvain Micaille was much rejoiced on hearing these words. fore disarmed and his wound dressed. The earl sent him one hunHe immediately armed himself, in which the lords assisted, in the dred francs by a herald, with leave to return to his own garrison in putting on the different pieces, and mounted him on a horse, which safety, adding that he had acquitted himself much to his satisfaction. they gave to him. Attended by two others, he came out of the Gauvain Micaille went back to the lords of France: and the En& castle; and his varlets carried three lances, three battle-axes, and lish departed from Marchenoir, taking the road to Vend6me; but three daggers. He was much looked'at by the English, for they did before they arrived there, they quartered themselves in the forest of befre thyarvdthrteouarerdohmsie l e i n t efrest not think any Frenchman would have engaged body to body. There Coulombiers. were besides, to be three strokes with a sword, and with all other sorts of arms. Gauvain had three brought with him for fear any C H A P TER LV. should break.ING CHARLES OF FR E IS TAEN ILL IS ST WORD ON H The earl of Buckingham, hearing of this combat, said he would K CHALES O R ANCE IS TAEN. s LST WODS O n ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~DEATH-BED. see it, and mounted his horse, attended by the earls of Stafford and Devonshire. On this account, the assault on Toury ceased. The You have heard what secret intrigues the king of France wasEnglishman that was to tilt was brought forward, completely armed carrying on with the principal towns in Brittany, to prevent them frem and mounted on a good horse. When they had taken their stations, admitting the English, menacing those who should do so that they they gave to each of them a spear, and the tilt began; but neither should never be forgiven. The inhabitants of Nantes sent him word. of them struck the other, from the mettlesomeness of their horses. not to be alarmed; for they would never consent to admit them,. They hit the second onset, but it was by darting their spears; on whatever treaties had been entered into with their lord: but they which the earl of Buckingham cried out, "Hold, hold! it is now late." were desirous, if the English should approach, that some men-at-arms. He then said to the constable, "Put an end to it, for they have done might be sent, to defend the town and the inhabitants against theit enough this day; we will make them finish it when we have more enemies. leisure than we have at this moment, and take great care that as Tle king of France was well inclined to this, and charged hit much attention is paid to the French squire as to our own; and council to see it executed. The main-spring of all these treaties order some one to tell those in the castle not to be uneasy about was sir John de Buell, on the part of the duke of Anjou, who re. himz, for we shall carry hin with us to complete his enterprise, but sided at Angers. The duke of Burgundy was quartered in the city not as a prisoner; and that when he shall have been delivered, if of Mans, and in that country. Other lords, such as the duke of he escape with his life, we wvill send him back in all safety." Bourbon, the count do Bar, the lord de Coucy, the count d'Eu, the These orders of tihe earl were obeyed by the marshal, who said to duke of Lorraine, were in the neighboring castles and forts, with a the French squire, "You shall accompany us without any danger, force of upward of six thousand men-at-arms: they said among and when it shall le agreeable to my lord, you will be delivered." themselves, that whether the king willed it or not, they would combat Gauvain replied, "God help me!" A herald was sent to the castle, the English before they crossed the river Sarthe, which divides to repeat to the goveinor the words you have heard. Maine from Anjou. The following day, they marched toward Geneville in Beauce, The king of France was at this moment seized with an illness, always in expectation of having an engagement with the enemy; which much disheartened all who loved him; for, as no remedy for they well knew they were followed and watched by the French, could be found for it, they foresaw that in a very short time he must in greater numbers than themselves. True it is, that the French dukes, counts, barons, knights, anrd squires, eagerly wished for a * Probably Interville. t "PuisB " —near Janvillo in Beauce. battle, and said among themselves, that it was very blameable and V ttarcheaoir "-a town la Beause. election of Ghateauduu. Near this town is a foolish not to permit thens to engage, and suffer the enemy thus to forest of420 arpents.-Gazetteer. ~ It was against the law of arms to strike below the ghdls, a rule still observod Io thl slip through their hands. But, when it was mentioned to the king, pugiliatic combats'of the prize-ring. —ED. 2o8 CHRONICLES OF EN%3LAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. depart this life: indeed, he himself knew this, as well as his surgeons and physicians. The reports were firmly believed, that the C H A P T E R L V I. king of Navarre, during the time he resided in Normandy, had at- THE LORD DE HANGEST IS NEAR TAKEN BY TIHE ENI SISH. TIHE LORD tempted to poison him, and that the king was so much infected by DE MAUVOISIN REMAINS THEIR PRISONER. TIE ENitLISH CROSS THE the venom that the hairs of his head, and the nails of his hands and RIVER SARTHE IN DISORDER. feet fell off, and he became as dry as a stick, for which they could not discover any remedy. His uncle, the emperor, hearing of his WHEN the earl of Buckingham quitted the fores of Marchenoir illness, sent to him his own physician, the most able man of that time, with his army, he took the road toward Vendbme and the forest of and of the greatest learning then known in the world, as his works Coulombiers. Sir Thomas Trivet and sir William Clinton were indeed show: he was called a second Aristotle, but his name was somewhat advanced, with forty-pears, and by accident met the lord George of Prague. When this great doctor came to visit the king, de Hangest, who was returning from Vend6me, accompanied by who at that time was duke of Normandy, he knew his disorder, and thirty lances. The English soon saw they were French, and eagerly declared, that having been poisoned, he was in danger of dying: galloped toward them. The French, who found they were not in however, he performed the greatest cure ever known, by so weak- equal numbers, had no wish to wait for them, nor to fight, fbr they ening the force of the poison that he caused him to regain his former were near to Vend6me: they made, therefore, for that place, the strength. English pursuing them. Sir Robert de Hangest, cousin to the lord This poison oozed out in small quantities from an issue inhis arm. of that name, was slain, and John de Mondecris, with five or six On the departure of the doctor, for they could not detain him, he others, were made prisoners. The lord de Hangest came so oppor. prescribed a medicine which was to be made use of constantly. He tunely to the barrier that he found it open. Having fixed his lance, told the king and his attendants that whenever the issue dried up, he put himself in a gallant posture of defence: the rest of his com. he would infallibly die: but that he would have fifteen days or more panions did so as they came up: however, twelve of them remained to settle his affairs, and attend to his soul. prisoners. The king of France well remembered these words, and had this Sir Robert Knolles had also this day made an excursion from the issue for twenty-two years, which at times alarmed him much. Those army: he met the lord de Mauvoisin, who defended himself val. in whom. he put great confidence, in regard to his health, were able iantly, but was in the end made prisoner by sir Robert himself. physicians, who comforted him, and kept up his spirits, by saying This day the army marched by Vend6me to Aussie, and on the that, with the excellent medicines they had, they would make him live morrow to St. Calais,* where they halted for two days, and then long in joy and happiness, so that he had great faith in them. The came to Pontvalin.t The English thus advanced, without meeting king had, besides, other disorders that afflicted him much, as the any to oppose them: but the whole country was full of men-at-arms, tooth-ache: from this he suffered the greatest torment; and his ma- and numbers were in the city of Mans. At this period, the duke jesty knew, from all these symptoms, he could not live very long; of Anjou passed through Tours, Blois, and Orleans, in his way to but the greatest comfort,.toward the end of Iis days, was in God for Paris; for he had heard his brother was in so dangerous a state there having given him three fine children, two sons and a daughter, were not any hopes of his recovery, and he was anxious to be with Charles, Louis, and Catherine. him at his decease. Notwithstanding this illness of the king, from When this issue began to cease running, the fears of death came which he was never expected to recover, the men-at-arms did not upon him; he therefore, like a wise and prudent man, began to look desist from pursuing and watching the English on their march: the to his affairs. He sent for his three brothers, the duke of Berry, the commanders ordered their men to harass them as much as they could, duke of Burgundy, and the duke of Bourbon,* without noticing his and to attempt, if possible, to surround them, which would prevent next brother, the duke of Anjou, whom he did not send for, because them from having any provision; and then they would engage with he knew him to be very avaricious. When they were arrived, he them at their will, whether the king of France gave permission or said to them: "My dear brothers, I feel I have not long to live: I not. In consequence, the lords of France had brought to that part therefore recommend to your charge my son Charles, to take that of the Sarthe which the English were to pass, large beams which care of him that good uncles ought to do of their nephew, by which they had fixed across the river with sharp stakes, so that they would you will loyally acquit yourselves. Have him crowned king as soon not be able to cross it. On the banks, they dug very wide and deep as you possibly can after my decease, and advise him justly in all his ditches, to prevent their descending to the river, or ascending from it. affairs. My whole confidence rests in you: the child is young, and, The earl of Buckingham marched from Pontvalin with his army being of an unsteady temper, will want to be well managed and to the Sarthe, where he halted; for they could not find a ford, as the properly instructed in sound learning. Teach him, or have him river was swelled and deep, and difficult to cross, except in certain taught, every point relative to royalty, and the manner in which he places. The vanguard marched up and down, but could not dis ~~~~~~m ~~~~~~~~pae s Te3vnur ace paddwbtcudntds should, according to the situation he may be in, conduct himself. cover any other ford but where the beams of timber and stakes had Marry him to such a princess of high birth that the kingdom may been fixed. The lords dismounted, and, observing the ford, said,,gain by it. I have hadl with me for a considerable time a learned "It is here we must pass, if we mean to march further: come let us astronomer,t who has predicted that in his youth he will have much be active, and drag these beams out of our way." You would have to do, and escape froln great perils and dangers. Having thought seen, after this speech, knights, barons, and squires enter the river, much on these expressions, I have considered that the events alluded and labor most heartily before they could succeed: at last, they to must have their origin in Flanders; for, thanks to God, the affairs gained their point, but with much difficulty, and, having cleared of my kingdom are in a very good condition. The duke of Brit- away all obstacles, opened a passage. Had the French been watch. tany is very deceitful and froward, and has always had more of Eng- ful enough, they might have done them much harm; for those who lish than French courage; for which reason, you must keep the crossed first could not assist those that followed, on account of the nobles and principal towns of that country in good affection to you, deep marshes they had to go through. The English took such pains in order to traverse his designs. I have every cause to praise the that they did pass them, and arrived at Noyon.sur-Sarthe. Bretons, for they have served me faithfully, in the defence of my kingdom against its enemies. You will make the lord de Clisson constable: everything considered, I know no one so proper for that C H A P T E R L V I I. office. Seek out, in Germany, an alliance for my son, that our conTHE DEATH OF CHARLES THE FIFTH, KINGx OF FRANCE, nections there may be strengthened. You have heard our adversary THE DETH OF CHARLES TE FIFTH, ING OF FRANCE. is about to marry from thence, to increase his allies. The poor THAT same day on which the English crossed the Sarthe with s people of my realm are much harassed and tormented by taxes and much difficulty, Charles, king of France, departed this life, in his subsidies: take them off as speedily as you can, for they are things hotel at Paris called the hotel de St. Pol.t No sooner did his brother, which, notwithstanding I proposed them, weigh very heavy on my the duke of Anjou, Iknow that the king's eyes were closed, than he mind: but the great undertakings we have had to maintain in every seized all the jewels of the king, which were very valuable, and had part of the kingdom forced me to submit to them." Many more them secured in a safe place, flattering himself they would be of the kind words did king Charles utter, but I have not thought it requisite utmost use to him in the intended war and journey he was about to to cite them all. The king explained why the duke of Anjou was make; for he already signed himself king of Sicily, la Puglia, Cala. absent; for he suspected him much, knowing him to be of an am- bria and Jerusalem. bitious temper. Notwithstanding the king of France did not permit The king of France was carried through the city of Paris to the him to attend his death-bed, nor to have any part in the government abbey of St. Denis, with his face uncovered, followed by his brothers of France, this duke did not keep at a very great distance: he had and his two sons, where he was most honorably interred. He had besides messengers continually going between Paris and Angers, given orders respecting his burial during his lifetime; and his con.who brought him exact accounrs of the state of his brother's health. stable, sir Bertrand du Guesclin. lies at his feet. He had some also about the king's person, who informed him secretly Notwithstanding the orders king Charles had given, before his what daily passed; and the last day, when the king of France de- death, respecting the governmenlt of the kingdom, they were totally parted this life, he was at Paris, and so near the king's chamber that disregarded; for the duke of Anjou immediately took possession, he heard all the discourse I have just related. But we will now fol. *'St. Calais "-a town in Maiae, six leagues from Venddme. low the English in their march to Brittany. t "iPontvalin "-a town in Anjou. + King Charles died Sunday the 16th September, 1380, at his chateau of Beaut6 sn Marne. On the Monday, his body was carried early to St. Anthony, hard by Paris, to * The duke of Bourbon was brother to the tate queen. wait the arrival of his brothers. It remained there until Monday 14th October, when it Thomas de Pisnan. For particulars of him and his daughto see Moreri's Diction- was borne to the church of NTtre Dame in Paris, and on the following day to St. LDenil arc and vol xvii. of the Memoires de l'Acad~mie. — Orandes Chroniquea do.brasc:. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 269 and overruled all the others. He was willing his nephew should be where they felt themselves more secure than they had hitherto been, crowned king, but resolved to have the management of affairs as for they knew they should no longer be pursued by the French. much, if not more, than any other, on account of his being the eldest From thence they went to Chtteaubriant,* where they remained with uncle; and there were none in the kingdom who dared to dispute it the knights from the duke of Brittany, who met them at that place with him. The king of France died on the eve of Michaelmas: The earl of Buckingham and the barons of England received the soon after his decease, the peers and barons of France recommended knights from the duke of Brittany most honorably, and there were that the king should be crowned immediately after All-saints, at many councils and debates. The English said in plain terms, they Rheims. The three uncles, Anjou, Berry and Burgundy, agreed to were much astonished that neither the duke nor the country were this proposal; but they insisted on governing the realm until the better prepared, and showed not any inclinations to receive them; child should-be of age, that is to say, twenty-one years,* which they for it was at their request they were come, and had suffered so many made the great barons and prelates of France swear to observe. difficulties in their march through France. After this, the coronation of the young king was notified in foreign The lord de Montboursier then said, in excuse of the duke, " My countries, to the duke of Brabant, duke Albert of Bavaria, the count lords, you have very good cause for having thus spoken, and the de Savoye, the count de Blois, the duke de Gueldres, the duke de duke has a thorough good will to fulfil every article of the engageJuliers, the count d'Armagnac, and to the count de Foix. The duke ments which have been entered into between you both, to the utmost of Bar, the duke of Lorraine, the lord de Coucy, the count dauphin of his power; but he cannot act as he wishes: in particular, the inof Auvergne, were pursuing the English: they were not, therefore, habitants of Nantes, which is the key to Brittany, are in complete so soon sent to; but the count of Flanders was invited; and the rebellion, and are ready to receive men-at-arms from France. This day fixed was All-saints, which fell on a Sunday. conduct has very much astonished my lord; for it was that town The men of Ghent were very nmuch grieved at the death of the which first entered into the alliance with the other chief towns in king of France; for hlie had been very friendly to them during tieir Brittany, and my lord believes that the men of Nantes have entered war, loving but little the earl of Flanders. into a new treaty with the young king of France, who is to be We will now speak of the English, and then return to the coro- crowned on All-saints day ensuing. My lord, therefore, begs and nation of the king of France. entreats you will hold him excused: he also desires that you will take the road to Rennes, whither he will come to meet you; for he has a great desire to see you, and will not fail being there." These CHA I~PTER LV~III. ~ words much pleased the earl of Buckingham and the English: they declared, he could not say more. The messengers, returning to the THE ENGLISH ARRIVE IN BRITTANY. THE DUKE EXCUSES HIMsELF FOR duke toward'Hennebon, met him atVannes. The English continued HAVING SO LONG DELAYED CONING TO MEET TIHEM. THEY UNDERTAKE four days at Ch'teaubriant, when they marched away to the suburbs TOGETHER TIlE SIEGE OF NANTES. of Rennes: the gates of the city "-ere shut, and no man-at-arms was THE English, having crossed the Snrthe in great danger, were not suffered to enter: the earl of Buckingham, however, was lodged in ignorant of the death ofthe ing of France. They were quartered the town, as were the lord Latimer, sir Robert Knolles, and five or igoant Noyf-s'-Sthe:d at'oo thekigoFrnce. they weredtPoli qatoleaged at Noyo-r-Sarthe fiom thence ty reosix other barons of the council to the earl. They remained there fi'Nom n-sui~~SabbS.~The w fithol e thofey Fnarciewd to Poilli, two leaguet from Sahl6.t The whole strenth of France was at that time in the upward of fifteen days, waiting in vain for the duke, who nevei city of Mans, and in tSiht part of the country, but they contented came, which astonished them greatly. themselves with follo wing thie Inarch of the English: some, howeer, The lord de Monteraulieu, the lord Montfort of Brittany, sit ~said th~ey would combatt twm. Geoffiy de Kerimel, and sir Alain de la Houssaye, the governor of When intelligence of the kingy's death became public, the inten. Whn inteilieice uf the nis death became public, the inhten Rennes, were in the city, as also sir E.stace, the governor's brother. tions of the French were fiustratecld: fior many of the barons de. who made daily excuses for the duke. I know not if they had a good camped, and returned e hat ws going forard cause to plead or not, but the English began to be very discontented camed andls conturnued tor thre, edaysn w thi quares: gongth fourthrd The English continued for three days in their (unitriers: on the fourth with the duke for not coming. Those of Nantes kept their gates day they departed, and canie to St. Piere d'Arne, and from tice well guarded; for they did not think themselves secure from the dao Argontie.rThed andx cay tearyose St.e Pierr dMaye, nd io ntle, to Argentie The net dy te ry ossd the river ayen English, whom they knew to be at Rennes: they sent, therefore, to and passed a marsh with much difficultv, for ooly two or three could thbueofAvu who thad greanther parigi of the kigolastoernd toreatiesond march in front the whole of this road, which lasted upward of two by w m the greater part of the igdom was governed, to reon. leagues. Now, consider what daniger they were in; for if the French strate with him on their incapacity to defend themselves, if they should be besieged, without having a-stronger bodyr of men-at-arms: had known this, and attacked the van, the rear could not have as- hould he besieged, vitbout having astronger bodt w of men-at-arms: sisted them: of this the English were, greatly afr'aid:- however, they Tefu ue., oendFacAju erBrud n sisted thes: of this the English were: greatly afraid: however, they they therefore entreated him to provide them with a reinforcement. passed in safety, and arrived at Coss6,t where they halted four days The four dukes w ho governed France, Arnjon, Berry, Burgundy and in constant expectation of having some intelligence from Brittany. Bourbon, complied with their request, and sent upward of six hunThe duke of Brittany resided at Heanebon, in the district of dred good and valorous men-at-arms. Thus was Nantes reinforced. Vannes: he had heard frequently of the English, and that they were Those mei.at.arms imnediately repaired every part of the walls, near the frontiers of Brittany, hut he did not know how to act. and put the town in a proper condition to resist a siege or an attack, When he learnt the king of France's death, he took little notice of if such shold happen. t' Th Engl~~ifsuhqatrdt Rensantheraouts, beanppesit, for he did not love him, but said to those near him, " The rancor The English, quarteed at enneand thereabots, egan to desand hatred I bore the kingdom of France, on account of this king pond on account of the duke's not coming to them: they resolved, F 0 in~~~~~~~ a council, to send to know his reasons of delay. Lord Thomas Charles, is now one-half diminished; for those who hated the father coucil, to end to know his reasons of delay. Lord Thomas may love the son, and those who have made war on the father maybyfvhndelacs opvntropsenymusdswih may love the son, and those who have made war on the fathier atay Percy and sir Thomas Trivet were ordered to wait on him, escorted assist the son. It is necessary, however, for me to acquit myself to y five hundred lances, to prevent or oppose any ambuscades which the English; for in truth, it has been at my request and solicitation miht e laid for them. These to barons departed from Rennes, attended by this body of lances, with as many archers, and took the they have niarched through the kingydomn of France, and I must keep the promises I have made them: but in this there is much difficulty, road to Hennehon. They set out on a Thursday: the following road to Hennebon. They'set out on a Thursday: the following both in presard to thaem and me, ab I wish dur principcl towfs to ut Saturday, the earl marched the army to St. Sulpice in Brittany, where their gates, and not allow them ta enter wit ih in t thems." th the halted three days: on the fourth, he mniarched to Combront, where Thee duke then summoned some of his concil, such as the lord he remained four days. The duke of Brittany had left Hennebon, de Moitoursier, sir Stephen Guy —en, sir Wcouila c Taineguy, sir and was at Vannes: lie had regular information of all the English usaede MoatHourssae, sirStpe Guyoni' deKeireWilla and the, jg- sss were doing, and, after having well considered everything, resolved Eustace de la Housave, sir Geofm:"y de Kerimt and to e yudue-assessor of Leo, and sid to them: " You will rie o lord of Buc- to go to thein: for his own honor, and the alliances he had formed inghaam, who is approaching Brittany, and whom I believe you will wih the, wuld ot suffer hi loger to delay it. ving leat find not far off: recommend me to hirri, and salute on my part all that sir Robert Kiiolles, lord Thomas Percy and sir Thomas Trivet his barons. You will tell them, thait I sha9ll shortly be at iennes to were coming to hin, he began his jouriey to Rennes; and, the day that lie set out fi'or Vannes, he met the English knights. This meet them; to which place I wish they would direct their march; Seia lie set (in front Vaines, he met the English knights. This when we will consider to-gether on the bes,~t plans for our further pro- hei will csidr togmether on tie et plans f r fuithei pro leeti caused great joy: the duke of Brittany made inquiries mites ceedings. Tell them also, that I do not find my count'y in the same the c of Bcighm, an the knight told him they had left him ~disp'olt0s as wh a I sent to England, x1hich veres m that ey melancholly at Rennes, because hlie had not any tidings of him. dinspositiculrs amsur wih then oI N-ots tho aengad more IIebelat ptinla am hurt with the en of Ntes, who re ore reel The duke excused hiniself by saying, that by his faith he could not lieus thanr any of' the others." The knights replied, they would lious thaia any oh the others." The knights replied, the' ~ivould help it. They then rode all together to Vanies, where they were chesiehly cauiIy this message. Tiey lok leave of the dueriwell received; but they knew that the English army had marched ~rode Ino iNa~tes:~ in ivherwe afirom Combront to la Hede and la Maisiere, for they had followed rode to Nantes: in the whole, they were about sixty spears. Th- Eenglish having marched fr'om Cossi, ned entceid the forest of Ia GI ave lie v liich they traversed, arr~ived at VitI~6 in el me Bii, The earl of Buckingham arrived at Vannes tile next day, when great affection was shown on both sides. The duke hansdsomely * Froissart munti mistake/ fior Charles V. enatcted, the 21ist May, 1375, a law, t.hat the excused himself to the earl and the English for his delay in cominig hems uppareat should hericeirrwsrii bs of' age So seversi whssren~eert yen rs iti. lie, to themo: the reason of it was, that he did not find his country at tme samne time, ordered the duke of Arijou to r.ave tSse govserrimenrt drrring the dtie airriiv, sari tire dukss:' urllny nd our~ol t, avltheIlu~igeie n ot ldetermined to persortD o what they had promised him at the beginning until he was 14 eorrs of age. —Granrdrs ChrosiQues. of the summer. t "Salo " —ani mincient town in liaise. ao the Sarttle, 29 leagues ftorm Reiines. The earl replied: "Fair brother of Brittany, it shatl not be long, I "Coss6 " —a town of Marrine, election of Laval. ____ "Vitr6" —a city of Brittaey, on tire Vilaine. diocese of ttRimem. I *" Chteaubriant' — a town of Brittnry. on the confines of Aniou dioes, e ofNantas' 270 C HRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. if you follow my advice, before you punish these rebels; for, with those young squires, knights: the office of mass wMas afiterw,.ds the forces which you have yourself, and those we have brought, chanted by the archbishop, the king being clothed in his royal with the additional reinforcements that may arrive from England robes, and seated on an elevated throne, adorned with cloth of goal; every day, we shall bring your subjects into such a state of submis- and all the young knights were placed on low benches, covered also sion that they will gladly throw themselves on your mercy." With with the same, at his feet. In this state did they remain the whole these and such like speeches they conversed for a long time, when day. The new constable, sir Oliver de Clisson, was present: he each retired to his hotel. On the morrow, they rode out together: had been named constable a few days prior to this ceremony, and it was then settled that the council of the earl should attend the duke performed well his charge, and everything belonging to it. The to Rennes, and finally make arrangements for their future proceedings. That evening the duke, with the earl's council, remained at la Maisiere, and the earl returned to la Hed6, for they were all quar. tered in the environs of la Maisiere. The next day, the duke went.o Rennes, accompanied by the lord Latimer, sir Robert Knolles, lord Thomas Percy, sir Thomas Trivet, and others of the council of the earl. -- T'hey remained three days in consultation at Rennes: at last, it |i was determined, and sworn to, on the part of the duke of Brittany, on the holy Evangelists, that he would lay siege to Nantes, in cornpany with the earl of Buckingham, and be there in person fifteen days after the English were arrived. The duke also engaged to send down the river Loire plenty of barges, the more to constrain those of Nantes, and would not himself quit the place, nor suffer his army X. to do so, before it should be conquered. The earl of Buckinghaml was sent for to la Hede, that all his business might be completely settled, and that he might be present at these councils. The army therefore dislodged, and took up their former quarters in the suburbs of Rennes. The earls and barons entered Rennes, when the earl gave them a most magnificent dinner. The duke of Brittany enl - gaged, and swore by his faith solemnly on the holy Evangelists, to come to Nantes with all his forces. After this, he returned to Hennebon. The English remained for upward of fifteen days at Rennes, in making the necessary preparations. The inhabitants of Nantes, being informed that the siege of their town was intended, took every precaution to defend themselves. One of the principal captains in Nantes was sir John le Barrois des Barres, a valiant and expert knight: there were with him the fol- CHARLES SXITH OF FRANCE. From a Print in Mezeray's History of' ance. lowing captains; John de Clisson, ohn de Chitelmorant, Morfonace, sir John de Malatrait, the lord de Tournemine and several more, all the flower of the army. These leaders made very prudent and able principal barons of France were also there so richly dressed it wc;ull defences, as well toward the river as at the gates, walls and towers be tedious to relate: the king wxas seated in royal majesty. witl a which were opposite to the plain, and at those parts where they crown on his head rich and precious beyond measure. The ohrllch thought it probable an attack might be made. of our Lady at Rheims was so much crowded during this cerermony We will now give these affairs a respite, and speak of the cere- that one could not turn one's foot. I have heard also, that at this monies of the coronation of the young king Charles, who at this accession of the young king to the throne, in order to please the period was crowned at Rheims. people of France, all impositions, aids, taxes, subsidies and other levies, which had displeased and had much oppressed them. were abolished, greatly to the joy of the subjects. C H A P T E R L I X. After mass, they went to the palace; but, as the hall was too small for such numbers, they erected in the court of the palace a large THE ~CORONATION OF KING CHARLES VI. OF FRANCE. |covered stage, on which the dinner was served. The king was As you may well imagine, nothing was spared by the nobility and seated with his five uncles of Brabant, Anjou, Berry, Burgundy and great lords to add to the magnificence of the coronation of the young Bourbon; but, though they were at his table, they were at a distance king Charles of France, who was crowned at Rheims on a Sunday,* from him. The archbishop of Rheims and other prelates were on in the twelfth year of his age, in the year 1380. At this solemnity his right hand. He was served by the great barons, the lord de there were many high and mighty lords: his uncles of Anjou, Coucy, the lord de Clisson, sir Guy de la Tremouille, the lord high Berry, Burgundy and Bourbon, were present; as were also his great admiral and several others, on handsome horses, covered and decouncles, Winceslaust duke of Brabant, the duke of Bar, the duke of rated with gold brocade. The whole day passed in ceremonies. Lorraine, the count de Savoye, the count de la Marche, the count On the morrow, many of the great barons took leave of the king d'Eu and sir William de Namur: but the earl of Flanders and the and his uncles, and returned to their own country. The king wveut count de Blois sent excuses. There were several other lords whom that day to dinner at the abbey of St. Thierry, two leagues from I cannot name. Rheims; for those mnonks are bound to give him this entertainment, The young king made his entry into the city of Rheims on the and the city of Rheims to provide for the coronation of the king. Saturday, handsomely attended by the great lords, nobility and Thus ended this noble feast. He returned to Paris, where he was minstrels, at vespers. In particular, there were upward of thirty grandly feasted by the Parisians at his entrance. trumpets, which preceded him, and sounded so clear it was quite After all these ceremonies, entertainments and honors, there were marvellous to hear them. The young king of France dismounted great councils holden on the present and future administration of the before the church of our Lady at Rheims, in company with his kingdom. It was settled that the duke of Berry should! have the uncles and brother. There were also his cousins of Navarre, government of Languedoc; the duke of Burgundy, Picardy and d'Albert, of Bar and of Ilarcourt,; and a great many other young Normandy; and that the duke of Anjou should remain near the squires, children of the great barons of France, whom the king on king's person, and have, in fact, the whole government of the realm. the morrow, being the day of his coronation, created knights. This The count de St. Pol was recalled, who had been banished from the Saturday the king heard vespers in the church of our Lady, and favor of the late king Charles. He was indebted for this grace to performed his vigils in that church, according to the custom of those Winceslaus duke of Brabant, and to the duke of Anjou, in whose times, the greater part of the night. All the youths desirous of affection the count de St. Pol was. He immediately left Han-sur. knighthood attended him, and did the same. Heure, situated in the bishopric of Liege, where he had remained a On the Sunday, which was All-saints day, the church of our Lady long time, and returned to France, leaving his lady in the castle of was very richly decorated for the coronation; so much so that it Bouhaing. All the confiscations were taken off his estates, which could not possibly have been better ordered. The archbishop of reverted to his profit. Rheims, after having said mass with great solemnity, consecrated We will say no more on these subjects, but return to the affairs of the king with the holy ampulla with which St. Rem} had anointed Brittany and the earl of Buckingham. Clovis, thle first Christian king of the French This sacred oil was sent from God by a holy angel, with which the kings of France have ever since been anointed, and it never diminishes. Now this I niust be considered as wonderfully miraculous. | TWO ADDITIONAL CHAPTERS, WVHICH ARE ONLY IN ONE OF MY M53 Before the consecration, the king created, in front of the altar, all AND NOT IN AN RI O. You have heard how Sir Simon Burley, that gallant knight at. * The 4th November. 13t80. He returned to Paris the 11th.-Grrandes Caroniques. tached to tile household of king Richard of England, had been sent "'"Winceslaus, &c."-See annotation 9th by D. Sauvage. X D. Sauvage says, the three first were his cousins by his mother's side; but he knows with proposals to the emperor in Germany respecting the maage nothing ofthe fourth l of the lady Anne, his sister, with the kling of England. lIe had CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN. &c. 271 transacted the business with ability, so that the emperor and his council consented; but he had brought with him, on his return, the C H A P T E R LX. duke of Saxony, one of the council of the emperor, for him to THE EARL OF BUCEKINGHAM BESIEGES NANTES. SALLIES ARE IMADE BI observe the state of England, and to make inquiries concerning the THE GARRISON. dower, and how it was to be settled on the queen. It is the custom in England for the queen to have a large estate, independent of the Yo have heard of the agreement which had been sworn to, be. crown, which is always managed by her directions; and it is called tve the due of Britany and the earl of Bucingham, to besiege the Inheritance or dowry lands of the queen. This estate is woh Nantes. When the duke had left Rennes, the lord de Montboursier, twenty-five thousand nobles a-year; for I, John Froissart, author 0- sir Stephen Guyon, the lord de la Houssaye and their company retired to Vannes and Hennebon; and the earl of Buckingham and this history, during my youth, served that queen of good memory, retired to Vares and Hennebon; and the earl of Buckingham and his army prepared to march to Nantes: they set out, therefore, fr'om the lady Philippa of Hainault, to whom I was secretary; and I then is arm march to Nantes: they set out, therefore, from heard from many lords, ladies and knights, who had received the the suburbs of Rennes, and the adjacent villages where they had rents of these estates, ltheir amount. kihswoharebeen quartered, and lodged that day at Chastillon, on the next day rents of these esttes, their amount.at Baiin, and the third at Nozay: and on the fourth they quartered The duke of Saxony was much pleased with all he saw and heard at Bain, and the third at Noy: and on the fourth they quartered themselves in the suburbs of Nantes. The earl was lodged at the particularly respecting the dower: he was well satisfied with the tesves thes r of e a t king, and his two uncles of Lancaster and Cambridge; for the other gate of Sauvetout: the lord Latimer constable of the army, lord was in France; and also with the earl of Salisbury, the earl of War- Fitzwalter and lord Basset were quartered at the gate of St. Nicho. wick, the earl of Northumberland, and the other lords about the per- las, close to the river side. Sir William Windsor and sir Hugh Cal. son of the king. When the duke had remained some time in Eng- verley were lodged right honorably among their own men, as was land, and finished the business he had come upon, he took leave of proper for them. In the town were numbers of knights and squires from Brittany, the king, promising to persevere in the marriage to the conclusion. In the town were numbers of knights and squires from Brittany, At his departure he received handsome presents of jewels for him- Beauce, Anjou and Maine, who well understood how to defend the place: they bad the whole load and charge, for the inhaibitants gave self, for those attendant on the person oi the emperor, and also for place: they had the whole load and charge, for the inhitants gave of the young lady, Anne of themselves no trouble about it. It happened that on Martinmas eve, the ladies who had the management of the young lady, Anne of Bothelate intendew d future queen of England. The duke returned, sir John le Barrois des Barres collected some of his companions in Bohemia, the intended future queen of England. The duke returned, tetwadsi ote;"ygo eteew nwta well pleased, to his own country; but this business was not imme- the town, and said to them; My good gentlemen, we know that our enemnies are close to us, and we, have not yet given them an diately concluded, for the damsel was young, and the councils of our enemies are close to us, and we have not yet given them an alert. I am of opinion, that this fine night we should look at them, each party had many things to arrange: add to this, there shortly al i m oinio ha By my faith," they replied, a you afterwards happened in England great misery and tribulation, as you speak loyally:ive tell us what you wsirmish, and we will do it." will hear recounted in this history. speak loyally: tell us what you wish, and we will do it." will hear recounted in this history. They collected a body of about one hundred and twenty well [The remaining part of this chapter mentions the death of sir Guis-. rhycledao abu oered a twnye of Huntingdon, nearly as it has been hef~re related.] armed and determined men, and having ordered the gate to be opened card d'Anfgle, earl of Huntingdon, nearly as it has been bef, re related.]a wchere the constable, the lord Basset and the lord Fitzwalter were quartered, placed foot guards at it to secure their retreat. The leaders of this troop were le Barrois des Barres, John Chatelmorant and THERE fell out about this time, in England, an event that gave the captain de Clisson. They came so unexpectedly as to find the great displeasure to the earl of Buckingham when hlie heard of it. I English at supper: having shouted their war cry, "'Des Barres!" will explain to you what it was. Humphrey, earl of Hereford and the French began to lay about them, slaying and wounding many. Northampton, and constable of England, was one of the greatest The English were soon prepared and drawn up before their quarters, lords and landholders in that country; for it was said, and I, the which when the French saw they very prudently retreated in a comauthor of this book, heard it when I resided in England, that his pact body toward the town. The English came from all parts to the revenue was valued at fifty thousand nobles a-year. From this earl skirmish: some of each were struck to the ground, and the French of Hereford there remained only two daughters as his heiresses; driven within their barriers. There were some slain and wounded Blanche the e~cest, and Isabella* her sister. The eldest was mar- on both sides; but le Barrois des Barres entered the town with so ried to Thomas of Woods ock, earl of Buckingham. The youngest little loss that this skirmish was held, both at home and abroad, as a was unmarried, and the early of Buckingham would willingly have gallant action. had her remain so, for then he would have enjoyed the whole of the On the evening of St. Martin's day, le Barrois des Barres spoke to earl of Hereford's fortune. Upon his marriage with Eleanor, he went his companions, saying, "It would be a good thing if, at daybreak to reside at his handsome castle of Pleshy, in the county of Essex, to-morrow, we could get six or seven large barges, with two hunthirty miles from London, which he possessed in right of his wife. dred men and the same number of cross-bows, to visit our enemies He took on himself the tutelage of his sister-in-law, and had her in- by water; for they have not the least suspicion of our coming to structed in doctrine; for it was his intention she should be professed them down the river. They all assented to this proposal, and assema nun of the order of St. Clare, which had a very rich and large con- bled that same night the number of men des Barres had fixed on: veint in England. In this manner was she educated during the time before daylight they embarked in six large boats, and, floating down the earl remained in England, before his expedition into France. the stream, landed below the enemy's quarters. Sir John Harle. She was also constantly attended by nuns from this convent, who stone with his men were lodged in a large hotel, not far from where tutored her in matters of religion, continually blaming the married they had landed, and which, at daybreak, they surrounded and state. The young lady seemed to incline to their doctrine, and attacked. Sir John was soon dressed and armed, as were his men: thought not of marriage. they defended themselves courageously, the archers shooting at the Duke John of Lancaster, being a prudent and wise man, foresaw cross-bows. The skirmish was long and severe: many were killed the advantage of marrying his only son Henry, by his first wife and wounded, and sir John would have been conquered, if sir Robert Blanche, to the lady Mary: he was heir to all the possessions of the Knolles, who was quartered not far distant, had not armed himself house of Lancaster in England, which were very considerable. The and his men, and, with displayed banner, advanced hastily to his duke had for some time considered he could not choose a more assistance. Sir William Windsor did the same, who, having had desirable wife for his son than the lady who was intended for a nun, information of what was going, on, hurried thither; besides, the Engas her estates were very large, and her birth suited to any rank; but glish were now coming from all parts. The French retreated to he did not take any steps in the matter until his brother of Bucking- their boats, as they saw the necessity of it, or else of risking the ham had set out on his expedition to France. When he had crossed event of a battle. There was much skirmishing on the shore, as the sea, the duke of Lancaster had the young lady conducted to they reambarked, but they departed very gallantly. The captains Arundel castle; for the aunt of the two ladies was the sister of performed many valorous deeds; but, on their return to Nantes, Richard, earl of Arundel, one of the most powerful barons of Eng- several of the French were taken, slain or drowned. All who heard land. This lady Arundel, out of complaisance to the duke of Lan- of this enterprise considered it as one of great courage and ability. caster, and for the advancement of the young lady, went to Pleshy, The English, finding themselves thus constantly attacked by the where she remained with the countess of Buckingham and her sis- garrison of Nantes, resolved to be more on their guard, and to keep rer for fifteen days. On her departure from Pleshy, she managedso a stricter watch. The seventh night, however, after the attack well that she carried with her the lady Mary to Arundel, when the which le Barrois had led down the river, he made another sally from marriage was instantly consummated between her and Henry of the gate where the earl of Buckingham was quartered; le Barrois Lancaster. During their union of twelve years, he had by her four had with him about two hundred men-at-arms andAbne hundred handsome sons, Henry, Thomas, John and Humphrey, and two daugh- cross-bows. The Germans were on guard this night, under the ters, Blanche and Philippa. command of sir Algars and sir Thomas de Roddes. Le Barrois, The Earl of Buckingham, as I said, had not any inclination to John de Chatelmorant and de Clisson, with their men, immediately laugh when he heard these tidings; for it would now be necessary attacked this guard of Germans, when a sharp contest began, and to divide an inheritance which he considered wholly as his own, many were struck to the earth. Those quartered near to the earl excepting the constableship which was continued to him. When he arose armed themselves, and hastened to this skirmish; but, when learnt that his brothers had all been concerned in this matter, he le Barrois saw the numbers increasing, he retreated to the gate, became melancholly, and never after loved the duke of Lancaster as fighting all his way. Several were killed by the arrows, and many he had hitherto done. We will nw return to the affairs of Brittany. * Lord Despencer was constable in the preceding chapter. D. Sauvage suipposes Froissart had forgotten it. But Dugdale says, in his Bar nage. "'he was constable si "Froisgart. mistakes' their names were Eleanor and Mar. the host at the siege of Nantes." CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. wounded on both sides. Sir Thomas de Roddes, a knight from knight with ten men.at-arms prisoners, and had only three of their Germany was struck by an arrow, which pierced quite through his men taken. helmet to his head; of which wound he died three days after: itwas On Thursday, before the eve of Christmas-day, Barrois des Barres, a pity, for he was a very able knight. The French and Bretons with the lord de Solete and six score men.-at-arms, made another rcentered Nantes with scarcely any loss, carrying with them six sally from the gate of Sauvetout, to beat up the quarters of the earl prisoners, of Buckingham: the earl of Devonshire had that night the command Things remained in this state, and the English much on their of the guard. The engagement was very severe, and many were guard for they expected an alert every night. thrown down and wounded by spears; but the English, being in greater force than their enemies, drove them back to their barriers: they lost, in killed and prisoners, sixteen. In this attack, an Eng. lish knight, called sir Hugh Kitiel, received a blow on his helmet, C H A P T E R L X I. with a bolt, that caused his death. THE DUKE OF BRITTANY EXPLAINS HIS REASONS FOR NOT CON TO Every man then retired to his quarters, and nothing more war T'HE DUKIE OaF BRITTANY EXPLAINS HIS REASONS FOR NOT COMING TO doeta ih:bttecpan nNantes held a council, and done that night: but the captains in Nantes held a council, and THE SIEGE OF NNTES. THE GARRISON CONTINUE MOS VIANTLY resolved on Christmas-eve to make a sally with the whole garrison. TO HAKE SALLIES. TT-~~~~O MAKcBI~ E SAIES. ~The earl of Buckingham and the other English were kept in con. THE earl of Buckingham remained in this situation before Nantes, stant alarm by the garrison, and the foragers had many difficulties daily expecting the arrival of the duke of Brittany, who never came, in providing provender for the horses, for they dared not forage bul nor kept any of the promises he had engaged to perform, which quite in large companies. The earl and his council were much astonished discouraged the English, who knew not what to think of it. They that the duke of Brittany came not, nor sent them any intelligence, sent repeatedly messengers with letters, to remonstrate with him how so that they began to be very discontented. Upon considering every. ill he was conducting himself, by not keeping those promises and thing, they found but a very weak support in him on all occasions, agreementvlae had sworn to so solemnly when in the city of Rennes. which they could not account for, nor did they know how to seek To all these letters the earl did not receive one answer: the English redress for it. They therefore determined to send once more sir supposed the messengers to have been slain, for none returned; and Robert Knolles, lord Thomas Percy, and sir Thomas Trivet, to in truth there was great danger to all who travelled between Nantes Vannes or Hlennebon, to remonstrate with him on the part of the and Hennebon, unless they were strongly escorted. The roads were earl, how very ill he had conducted himself in not having fulfilled so strictly guarded by men-at-arms, no one could pass without being his engagements with greater honor. This resolution was after taken, or his business known; and, if there were found upon him wards broken; for, when they more maturely weighed it, they found letters from the English to the duke, or friom the duke to them, the they could not send off this detachment without weakening too bearer was sure to be put to death. In addition to this, the foragers much their army, and that they could not go to the duke but with of the army dared not venture abroad but in large companies; for thile whole army; for, if they should march only five or six hundred the knights and squires of the country had assembled, and would not lances, and mneet with a thousand or fifteen hundred, the odds would suffer their lands to be overrun and pillaged, so that, whenever they be too great, and they would be slain: they therefore did not detach fell in with bodies of twenty or thirty, they took all they had and any part of their army. their horses from them, besides wounding or killing them. This When the eve of Christmas was come, le Barrois des Barres, sir much enraged the army, but they knew not on whom to revenge Amaury de Clisson, the lord d'Amboise, the lord de Solete, the chathemselves. tclain de Clisson, John de ChItelmorant, and all the captains inl To say the truth, the duke of Brittany did everything he could to Nantes, sallied forth in the evening through St. Peter's gate, with a make his people consent to follow him to the siege of Nantes, accord- determination to act well, accompanied by six hundred men-at-arms. ing to the agreement he had entered into with the earl of Bucking. On passing the gate, they formed themselves into two divisions; one hanm at Rennes: but he could not succeed. Even the barons, of which marched down the street, and the other through the fields, knights, and squires, told him plainly they would not assist in tilhe toward the quarters of the lord Latimer and the lord Fitzwalter. Sir destruction of their country for the sake of England, and would Evan Fitzwarren and sir William Renton commanded the guard. never arm-themselves in his behalf so long as the English remained On the first attack, they gained the barriers of the guard, and, killing in Brittany. The duke, upon this, remonstrated with them, and many, they drove them as far as the quarters of the constable, lord asked why they had desired him to send for the aid of the English. Latimer. They halted before the hotel of the lord Delawarr, where They told him, in answer, that it was more to give alarm to the king there was a grand engagement; for the French had an intention of of France and his council, that they might not be deprived of their conquering this hotel, which they were on the point of taking and ancient privileges, than for anything else; and, in case the king of the lord Delawarr in it. The guard suffered much before any sue France wished them no ill will, they would not make war against cors arrived. Sir Evan Fitzwarren, the lord Delawarr, and sir Wilhim. The duke could not obtain any other answer. hlian Drayton, did many gallant deeds. These assaults caused the On the other hand, the lord de Clisson, constable of France, the battalions of the constable and marshal to exert themselves: they lord de Dinant, the lord de Lava, the viscount de Rohan, the lord sounded their trumpets, and directly armed. Sir William Windsor de Rochefort, and all the great barons of Brittany, had their castles and sir Hugh Calverley, hearing the trumpets, knew the vanguard well fortified and guarded. They told the duke, or sent word to him was engaged: they ordered their trumpets to sound also, and a by messengers, that he had best consider well what hie was about; number of torches to be lighted and their banners displayed, with for he had been ill advised in sending for the Engish, arid brining which they marched to the place where the combat was, attended them over to destroy and carry war into his country: that he must by one hundred men-at-arms and as many archers. In another part, not expect any aid from them: therefore, if he should go to Nantes, sir Thomas Trivet, lord Thomas Percy, and lord Basset, each with to assist in the siege, as they had heard it to be his intention, and their banners before them, advanced to the skirmish. Good need which he ought not to have promised, they would attack his country had the vanguard of the haste they made to their relief, for they on all sides, and would give him so much employment that he should were on the point of losing their quarters: but when these barons not know what he ought to attend to first: but, if he were willing to aInd their men were arrived, they drove back the French and Bretons, acknowledge the king of France, and place himself under his obcdi- who, forming together in a handsome body, retreated toward the ence, as he was bounden to do, they engaged to make his peace town, skirmishing all the way. Many valiant deeds were done; and with the young king. They added, that those who had tihad the some young French knights and squires, in order to gain honors, courage to oppose king Charles deceased might be beloved by the ventured too far, so that sir Tristran de la Jaille was taken, in his king his son. Such was the treatment the duke met with firom the foolish attempt, by a squire from Hainault called Thierry de Sommain. great lords of Brittany, so that, in fact, he did not know what to do; Thus was this attack made. All those, or at least a part, who f'r he found he could not place any security on his barons or subjects: had come from Nantes, reentered it; for, in these cases, there must it therefore behooved him to dissemble. be wounded and slain; and, when the heat of an engagement aniTIhe siege of Nantes still continued; and on the day of our Lady, mates, such accidents are to be expected. They returned, however, in Advent, the French garrison resolved to make another attack on without much loss; for they had full as many prisoners from the the besiegers, for they had left them quiet for some time. Sir Am- English as they had taken from them. When the gates were closed, aury de Clisson, cousin-german to the lord de Clisson, and the lord they attended to their wounded. The army returned to their quard'Amboise, made an assault, with about two hundred spears, on tlhe ters, bult did not dismiss the guard: on the contrary, additions were quarters of sir William Windsor. They sallied out at the gate of made to it. Richebourg, on the river side, where sir Hugh Calverley's men were No sally was attempted on Christmas-day, nor on the succeeding that night on guard. The lord d'Amboise was made a knight by sir feasts. The English expected to be attacked every night; but what Amaury de Clisson. These men-at-arms, French and Bretons, troubled them the most was their not receiving any intelligence from advanced in high spirits to the ford, which having gained, though the duke of Brittany. Their provisions were become very short, for'uarded by s!r William Cossington, a sharp contest ensued, in which it was with difficulty they could forage. The garrison was well sup. manv a man was overthrown. Sir William Windsor and sir Hugh plied, by means of the river Loire, from the rich counties of Poitou, Galverley were in their quarters, and, hearing the noise, armed them- Saintonge, and La Rochelle. selves and issued forth to the midst of the tumult, wlsere the conflict mightily iiscreased: both parties behaved valiantly. The French snd Bretons made good their retreat, fighting all the way, and rcEntercd the gate of Richebourg with little loss: they had made a CHRtuIN-CLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 276 care of. You will pass your time as well as you can, and in the C H A P T E R L X I I. summer we will revenge ourselves for all these contempts." f[IE ENGLISH BREAK Ur THE SIECGE OF NANTES. THE DUKE OF BRITTANY The earl replied, " May God assist us:" for he saw plainly there SENDS HANDSOME EXCUSES TO THE EARL OF BUCKINGIAM. was nothing better to be expected. The duke conducted him toward Vannes. when the inhabitants of the town came out in their robes, AFTER the earl of Buckingham and the English had been before and, addressing the earl, said to him in an amicable manner, " My Nantes two months and four days, they found they could gain no- lord, out of respect to your lordship, and in reverence to your great thing, and that the duke of Brittany would not keep any of his en- honor, we have not any objections to yeur entering our town; but iagements, for he neither came nor sent to them. They thought it we wish, in order to satisfy the people (otherwise you will not be best to decamp from thence (since they could not succeed,) and very secure,) you would swear to us, on the holy Evangelists, that march toward Vannes, to have some conversation with the duke, fifteen days after we have requested you to depart, you will march and know from himself the reasons of his conduct. Orders were away with your whole army, without doing or suffering to be done issued for the army to pack up and dislodge: they decamped, the to us the least molestation." "By my troth, none shall be done to last day of the year, in the same order of battle with which they had you," answered the earl of Buckingham: "and I will swear and marched through France, and halted, the day they left Nantes, at keep it." They afterwards made the other lords swear on their Nort, where they remained for three days, on account of the bridge faith, and on the holy Evangelists, to keep the same engagement as being broken down. They had much trouble in repairing this bridge, the earl had done, to which they readily assented. It behooved them,hat the carriages might pass over: however, it was made good and so to do, unless they had wished to sleep in the fields. The division strong, and the army, having also crossed the river Vilaine on a Sat- of the army of the earl of Buckingham was quartered in the town of irday, took up their quarters at Loheac, where they staid two days. Vannes, and himself lodged in the hotel of the duke, a well-built and When the army left Loh6ac, they quartered themselves at Gosselin, pleasantly situated castle, called la Motte. Nhere they also halted for two days, and then came to la Trinit6. The duke of Brittany entertained the English knights handsomely they crossed the river Aust at the Pont de Boquinio, when the whole at dinner in his castle of la Motte, and then retired to Sucinio,* trmy stopped on that side of the water on the plains. where he resided; but sometimes he came to Vannes to visit the The inhabitants of Vannes received exact information of the day earl and hold conferences with him, and then returned to the place on which the army decamped, and when they crossed the river, whence he had come. Lord Latimer, lord Fitzwalter, lord Thomas from the country people, and that the earl of Buckingham was march- Percy, sir Thomas Trivet, and the whole of the van of the army, ing his army thither, intending to fix his quarters in their city.. They were to have been quartered at Hennebon; but the inhabitants would knew not how to act, whether to permit them to come into their not open their gates to them, so that they were forced to lodge town or not: they therefore went to the duke at Hennebon; but the themselves in the suburbs and in the fields. day they set out they met him, two leagues from Vannes, on his road Sir Robert Knolles and lord Fitzwarren, with many more, were to thither. The duke, perceiving his good subjects advancing toward have been quartered in Quimpercorentin; but the inhabitants treated him, asked them what was the news, and whither they were going. them as those of Hennebon had done, and they were obliged to make"My lord," they replied, "as for news, we can tell you enough: the the same shifts with the van. Sir William Windsor and the rear.. earl of Buckingham and the English are marching hitherward; and ward were, by orders of the duke, to lodge at Quimperl6; but they it is their intention, as we have been informed, to quarter themselves could not, by entreaties nor threats, prevail upon the inhabitants to in your good town of Vannes. Now, you must consider how you open their gates. In consequence, they suffered much from the in-. would have us act; for without your order we will not do anything. clemency of the weather and the ill usage they met with: what was In truth, they have repaired the Pont de Boquinio, which was broken not worth three farthings was sold to them for twelve, and hardlydown." could they get any provision at such prices. Their horses perished The duke, on hearing these words, paused a little, and then an- through cold and famine, for they knew not where to collect forage; swered, "God help us! do not you be uneasy nor alarmed at trifles, ald, when they went out to seek it, they were in great peril, as the for everything will turn out well. These English will not do you adjacent countries were all inimical to them. any harm. I have entered into certain engagements which I must The viscount de Rohan possessed at that time two strong castles perform, and acquit myself to them. I am now going to Vannes; in the neighborhood of Vannes; one was called Caire, and the other, and to-morrow, as I verily believe, they will arrive there. I will Linguighant. In these two castles the viscount had strong garrisons, advance to meet my brother, the earl, and will pay him every honor which, aided by other garrisons of the lord de Clisson situated on this and respect in my power, for truly I am bounden so to do. As frontier, such as chateau Josselin, Montagu, and Moncontour, did for the rest, you will act according to my advice, which is, that you much mischief to the English foragers, killing many. The duke of meet him, and present him the keys of your town, saying, that you Brittany could not prevent this; for the lord de Clisson, constable of and all the town are ready to receive him and to obey his orders, on France, earried on the war in the name of the king of France, and condition that he swear, fifteen days after he shall be requested to had in the country numerous bodies of men.-at-arms, so that the En-: depart, he will march out of the town, and will deliver back to you glish dared not stir abroad'n small parties. When it is considered the keys of it. This is the best advice I can give you." The citi- that they were encamped in the fields, without any intrenchments, zens of Vannes replied, " My lord, we will obey your directions." it is marvellous they did not suffer great losses; for those quartered They then rode on together to Vannes, where the duke lodged that in Vannes tould not easily help those near QuimperlI, Hennebon, or night; and the English fixed their quarters at St. Jean, a small vil- Quimpercoretinu. To say the truth, the duke stood boldly forward, lage, situated two leagues firom Vdnnes. and guarded them to the best of his abilities, to prevent their destrueThe earl of Buckingham received that evening letters fl-om the tion. lie fairly told his council, that he had but poorly acquitted him. duke, written with great affection, welcoming him to the neighbor- self toward the earl and his army of allthe promises he had made them. hood of Vannes. On the morrow, when the earl had heard mass, At this time, there were four great barons at Paris, whom the duke and drank a cup, he mounted his horse, and with his whole army had sent to the king of France to make his peace; the viscount de Romarched in great order toward Vannes; first the vanguard, then the han, sir Charles de Dinan, sir Gay lord de Laval, arid sir Guy lord de earl in the centre battalion, the rearguard following close upon him. Rochefort. I'hese four barons of Brittany had remonstrated with In this order they met the duke of Brittany, who had come out a him in council, during the time the earl of Buckingham was before long leagae from Vannes to meet them. Great affection was shown Nantes, several times, and with much wisdom, in such terms as: to each other by the duke and earl. After this reception, which was these: "My lord, you show to all the world, that your heart is envery honorable, they rode together, the earl on the right and the duke tirely given to the English: you have brought into this country on the left, and entered into conversation: the earl said, "By holy Englishmen who, if they gain the upper hand, will diminish your Mary, fair brother of Brittany, we waited most impatiently for your inheritance. What profit or pleasure can you have in this great arrival at Nantes, during the siege, according to the treaty entered affection for them? Look to the situation of the king of Navarre, into between you and me, and yet you never came." "By my faith, who put his confidence in them: after having given them possession my lord," answered the duke, "I could not any way accomplish it; of his town and castle of Cherbourg, they have never quitted it. nor and I must own to you that I have been exceedingly enraged thereat, ever will, but keep it as their own property. Therefore, if you put but it was not possible for me to act otherwise; for my subjects, them into any of your fortified towns in Brittany, they will not leave notwithstanding every argument I could use, in remonstrating with them, for daily reinforcements wil arrive. See how they keep Brest: them on the treaties I had made with you at their own requests, nor have they any thoughts of surrendering it, although it is your in- would never agree to march to assist you in the siege of Nantes. The heritance. Be satisfied, my lord, with the love of the people of this principal barons kept themselves ready prepared on the borders, such country, who will never give up the king of France to serve and be. as the lord de Clisson, the lord de Dinant, the lord d'Orval, the vis- long to the king of England. If your duchessis from England, would count de Rohan, and the lord de Rochefort, to guard the entrances of you, for that, run the risk of losing your whole dukedom, which has Brittany. All those my adherents and friends, as well knights and cost you so much to gain, and always continue in a state of warfare? prelates as principal towns, are this moment in a state of rebellion; In case the country should be against you, you will be but as one at which I am very much mortified,for by their misconduct you-have man. Quit your present advisers: for the kialg of France whom you reason to find fault with me. I will tell you, therefore, my lord, did not love is dead, and at present there is a young and amiable what you shall do: being now in the depth of winter, it is cold and monarch on the throne, who has good abilities; and those who have uncomfortable to keep an army in the field: you shall come to Van- hated the father may serve the son. We undertake to make you!i:'s, where you will remain until April or May, to recover yourselves Vr'om your fatigues, and I will give orders that your men are taken * "filucinio"-a castle neas Vannes. —Gazetteer 274 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. peace with him, and bring you to a proper understanding with each which was given to him, sealed by the earl of Buckingham. Th other. You will continue lord and duke of Brittany with great three knights who were to perform their deeds of arms set out froe power, and the English return to their own country." In such words chateau Josselin, attended by the others, and came to Vannes. wher, as the above, and others well glossed over, had these barons remon. they were lodged in the suburbs, and the English entertained ther strated several times with the duke; they had succeeded so far as to well. On the morrow, they made preparations for the combat, as } have half gained his consent to their purpose: but he still dissembled behooved them to do, and advanced to a handsome space, which wva with the king of France and the English, as well as with his own large and even, on the outside of the town, Afterwards came th' council, until he should more plainly see what would be the event. earl of Buckingham, the earl of Stafford, the earl of Devonshire, an, The earl of Buckinghlam and his barons were ignorant of all these other barons, with those who were to engage in this dedd of arms secret intrigues which the four barons above mentioned were carry- the lord de Vertain against sir Reginald de Touars, lord de Pousas ing on at Paris with the king and his uncles, until the matter was ges; sir John d'Ambreticourt against Tristan de la Jaille; Edwar4 arranged. Prior to their knowledge of it, and before they left Brit- Beauchamp against the bastard Clarius de Savoye. tany, there were tilts and tournaments held at Vannes, in the pres- The French took their places at one end of the lists,* and th' ence of the earl of Buckingham and the lords who were there, of English at the other. Those who were to tilt were on foot coni which I shall speak; for it is not a thing that I ought to be silent pletely armed, with helmets, vizors, and provided with lances o about, nor should it be forgotten. good stee.l from Bordeaux, with which they performed as follows: First, the lord de Pousanges and the lord de Vertain, two baron of high renown and great courage, advanced toward each ot.er oi, CHAPTER LXIII. foot, holding their sharp spears in their hands, with a good pace they did not spare themselves, but struck their lances lustily againse TTS1 AND TOURNAMENTM S ARE.ERFORMErD BEFORE THE EAR.L OF BUCK- each other in pushing. The lord de Vertain was hit, without being INCHAt BETWEEN CERTAIN FRENCH AND ENGLISH KNIGHTS. wounded; but the lord de Pousanges received such a stroke that ii AT the time when Gauvain Micaille and Joachim Cater performed pierced through the mail and steel breastplate, and everything under their combat before the earl of Buckingham and the English lords, neath, so that the blood gushed out, and it was a great wonder hi certain knights and squires from France had come as spectators to was not more seriously wounded. They finished their three courser Marchenoir, near Blois, when sir Reginald de Touars, lord de Pou- and the other deeds of arms without further mischief, when the! sanges, a baron of Poitou, had some words with the lord de Vertain, retired to repose themselves, and to be spectators of the actions of ths and said he would like to tilt with him three courses with the lance others. Sir John d'Ambreticourt, who was from Hainrult, and si and three strokes with the battle-axe. The lord de Vertain wishing. Tristan de la Jaille, from Poiton, next advanced, and performec not to refuse, was eager to accommodate him immediately, whatever their courses very valiantly, without hurt to either, when they als, might be the event: but the earl of Buckiugham would not consent, retired. and forbade the knight a[ that time to think of it. Then came the last, Edward Beauchamp and Clarius de Savoye What had been said relative to this feat of arms was not forgot-. This bastard was a hardy and strong squire, and much better former. ten by the two knights. Similar words had passed that same day in all his limbs than the Englishman. They ran at eachl other witt between a squire from Savoye, called the bastard Clarius, and Ed- a hearty good will: both struck their spears on their adversary'.'n ward Beauchamp, son of sir Robert Beauchamp; and also between breast; but Edward was knocked down on the ground, which mucd sir Tristan de la Jaille and sir John d'Ambreticourt; sir John de vexed his countrymen. When he was raised up, he took his spear, Chatelmorant, and Jannequin Clinton; and le Gallois d'Aunay and and they advanced again to the attack; but the Savoyard drove hirm sir William Clinton; between sir Hoyau d'Araines and sir William backward to the earth, which more enraged the English: they said, France: but these were all set aside like the first. Edward's strength was not a match for this Savoyard, and the devil During the time the English were quartered in the suburbs of was in him to make him think of tilting against one of such superior "Nantes, these French knights arind squires were within the'town. force. He was carried off among them, and declared he would nol'The lord de Vertain and the others were requested to deliver them engige further. When Clarius saw this, wishing to finish his course;from their engagements while they were before Nantes; but the of arms, he said, "Gentlemen, you do not use me well: since rgovernors in Nantes would not consent, and excused their friends by Edward wishes not to go on, send me some one with whom I ma) saying, they were in Nantes, as soldiers, intrusted with'the guard and complete my courses." defence of the town. I lothing more passed until the earl of Buck- The earl of Buckingham would know what Clarius had said, and ~ingham's army were fixed in their quarters at Vannes, Hennebon, when it was told him, replied, that the Frenchman had spoken well:;Qulfmperl, and Quimpercorentin, when Sir Barrois des Barres, sir and valiantly. An English squire then stepped forth, who was since Hoyau d'Araines, and many other knights and squires, came to cha- knighted, and called Jannequin Finchley, and, coming before the:teah Josselin, seven leagues from Vannes, where the constable of earl, kneeled down and entreated his permissson to tilt with Clarius, iFrance resided. The count de la Marche, with several knights, to which the earl assented. Jannequin very completely armed him.,were liso there, who were very glad to see them, and received them self on the spot: then each, seizing his spear, made thrusts at the handsomely. They informed the constable of all that had passed, other, and with such violence that their spears were shivered, and:and that such and such persons had undertaken deeds of prowess the stumps of them flew over their heads. They began their second against others of the English. The constable heard this with pleas. attack, and their lances were again broken: so were they in the:,ure, and said, "Send to them: we will grant them passports, to third. All their lances were broken, which was considered by the.perform these deeds of arms, if they be willing to come." lords and spectators as a decisive proof of their gallantry. They Le Gallois d'Aunay and sir Hoyau d'Araines were the first to say then drew their swords, which were strong; and, in six strolkes, foul ltney were ready to perform their engagement of three courses with of them were broken. They were desirous of fighting with battle the spear, on horseback. When sir William Clinton and sir William axes, but the earl would not consent to more being done, saying the) France heard they were called upon by the French to perform their had sufficiently shown their courage and abilities. Upon this, they challenges, they were much rejoiced, and took leave of the earl and both retired; when sir John de Chhtelmorant and Jannequin Clinton "barons of England:to go thither. They were accompanied by many advanced. This Jannequin was squire of honor to the earl of Buck. knights and squires. The English and French tilted very hand- ingham, and the nearest about his person; but he was lightly made'somely, and performed their deeds of armn as the rules required. and delicate in his form. The earl was uneasy that he should have'Then sir Reginald de Touars, sir Tristan de la Jaille, sir John de been matched with one so stout and renowned in arms as John de tChatelmorant, and the bastard Clarius, summoned each of them his Chatelmorant: notwithstcnding, they were put to the trial, and knight or squire; that is to say the lord de Vertain, sir John d'Ambre- attacked each other most vigorously; but the Englishman could not:ticourt, Edward Beauchamp, and Jannequin Clinton. These four withstand his opponent, for, in pushing, he was very roughly struck were so eager for the combat, that they wished to go to chateau to the ground: on which, the earl said, they were not fairly matched..Josselin on the passports of the constable; but the earl of Bucking. Some of the earl's people came to Jannequin, and said, "Jannequin, ham, hearing at Vannes the summons from the French, said aloud you are not sufficiently strong to continue this combat; and my lord to the heralds, " You will tell the constable, from the earl of Buck. of Buckingham is angry with you for having undertaken it: retire ingham, that he is equally powerful to grant passports to the French and repose yourself." The Englishman having retired, John de as he may be to grant them to the English; and to all those who Chatelmorant said, "Gentlemen, it seems your squire is too weak: imay wish;to perform any deeds of arms with his knights, on their'arrival at Vannes, he will, out of his affection to them, give pass-. In the histoire de la vie de Louis Itl. due de Bourbon, xliv. p. 160, five combatant.,ports, and-.to all who may choose to accompany them, both for their are mentioned; sir John de Chitelmorant, sir Barrois des Barres, the bastard of ClaiandI for. their return." ~~~~~rains (probably the samne as the bastard of Savoy,) the viscosat d'Aunay, and sir:,Stay and for.their return. Tristan de la Jaille. The English were, sir Walter Clopton, Edward Beauchamp. Whenthe constable heard this, he instantly perceived the earl was Thomas de Hennefort, Crosby, and sir John de Tracio, probably Tracy. in the right, and that he wanted to -ee those deeds of arms: it was Sir John de ChLtelmorant tilted with sir Walter Clopton, and wounded him so badly ibut rease.ioble alhere should be as many performed at Vannes as had as toprevent the completing his engagement. Sir Barrois was opposed by Themas ds ~eon'before hEiim at c'hat~eau Josseli. The constable therefore said, 1'Hennefort, and these finished their career with lances unhurt; but sir Thorns. was wounded too badly with the sword to continue it. "' The earl of Buckingham speaks like a valiant man and a king's The bastard de Clsiraiis manquished Edward Beauchamp: he reeled so much, the son, and I will that what he says shall be believed: let me know English said he was drunk. Sir Tristan de Ia Jaille conquered his adversary The those who may be desirous of accompanying the challengers and we Viscount dAulnay had similar success. will send for a proper passport."' Thirty knights and squires imnme. ~sir William Fartriigton clhallensed sir John de Ch'lsatelmorantto complete the engage ment which his relation, sir Walter, had been obliged to relinquish, and wounded ak diately stopped forth a herald came to Vannes'for the passport, Joln. as mentioned in the text. to the great scandal of the English. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 27E choose another, I beg of you, more to your liking, that I may accom. were now discussed by the four barons: it was settled that the duke plish the deeds of arms I have engaged to perform; for I shall be very might, without blame, assist the English with vessels to retmurn to disgracefully treated if Ideparthence without having completed them." their own country. The duke was permitted to add to his ordi. The constable and marshal of the army replied, "You speak well, nances; that if those who had come from the garrison of Cherbourg and you shall be gratified." It was then told to the surrounding to serve under the earl of Buckingham wished to return thither by knights and squires that one of them must deliver the lord de Chatel- land, they should have passports from the king and constable to morant. On these words, sir William Farrington immediately march through France, but unarmed, and any knights or squires replied: "Tell him, he shall not depart without combating: let him from England who might be desirous of accompanying then,: that, go and repose himself a little in his chair, and he shall soon be when the English had quitted Brittany, the duke was to come to th( delivered; for I will arm myself against him." This answer was king and his uncles at Paris, and acknowledge himself vassal by faith very pleasing to John de Chatelmorant, who went to his seat to rest and homage to the king, in such a way as a duke of Brittany owes himself. The English knight was soon ready and in the field. to his lord, the king of France. All these articles were properly They placed themselves opposite to each other, when taking their drawn out and sealed, and carried to the duke of Brittany, who at lances, they began their courseon foot to tilt with their spears within that time was resident at Sucinio, near to Vannes. He agreed to the four members; for it was esteemed disgraceful to hit any part what his embassadors had done, but sore against his inclination: but the body. for he knew he could not do it, without incurring the greatest ill. They advanced to each other with great courage, completely will from the English. armed, the vizor down and helmet tightly fixed on. John de Cha- When the earl of Buckingham and his knights heard that the telmorant gave the knight such a blow on the helmet that sir Wil. duke of Brittany had made peace with France, they were greatly liam Farrington staggered some little, on account of his foot slipping: enraged and very indignant, saying, he had sent for them and made he kept his spear stiffly with both hands, and, lowering it by the them come to Brittany, where he had never performed any one of stumble he made, struck John de Chatelmorant on the thighs; he the promises he had sworn to; for which reason they pronounced could not avoid it; and the spear-head passed through, and came him void of loyalty. Shortly after, the duke visited the earl of out the length of one's hand on the other side. John de Chatel- Buckingham and his barons at Vannes, when he openly explained morant reeled with the blow, but did not fall. to them the treaty his people had made for him, and which it beThe English knights were much enraged at this, and said, it was hooved him to agree to, for otherwise he should lose his whole duchy. infamously done. The Englishman excused himself bysaying, "he Upon this, high words passed between the earl and his barons with was extremely sorry for it; and if he had thought it would have so the duke; but the duke humbled and excused himself as much as happened at the commencement of the combat, he would never possible, for he was conscious that he had been in some sort to have undertaken it; but that he could not help it, for his foot slip- blame. It was, however, necessary to come to terms, in order that ped from the violence of the blow he had received." Thus the the English might quit Brittany. The earl then gave notice to the matter was passed over. The French, after taking leave of the city of Vannes, that if any of his men were indebted to the inhab. earl and other lords, departed, carrying with them John de Chatel- itants, they should come forward, when they would be paid. He morant in a litter, to chateau Josselin; whence they had come, and gave back to the magistrates the keys of the town, and thanked where he was in great danger of his life from the effects of this them for their attentions to him. wound. The earl was supplied with vessels at Vannes, Hennebon and These deeds of arms being finished, each retired to his home; Quimper16, and wherever else they had been quartered, on payong the English to Vannes, the French to chateau Josselin. for them: he left Vannes on the eleventh day of April, in battlearray, with banners displayed, and thus marched to the haven. The duke of Brittany, sir Alain de la Houssaye, the lord de MontbourCHAPTER LxIV. sier, sir Stephen Guyon, sir William de Tresiquidi, sir Geoffry de Kerimel and others of his council, came thither; they sent to intorm T5HE DUKE OF BRITTANY MAKES HIS PEACE WITH THE KING OF FRANCE. the earl, who was in his vessel, that the duke wanted to speak with THE ENGLISH RETURN HOME. A COMBAT BETWEEN AN ENGLISH AND him; but the earl refused to come, and sent the lord Latimer and A FRENCH SQUIRE. lord Thomas Percy. These two had a conference with the duke AFTER these deeds of arms were performed, during the residence for three hours, and, after long debates, consented to request the of the earl of Buckingham at Vannes, nothing happened worth men. earl, that before he set sail, he would on another day have a convertioning. The English, as I have before said, were quartered at sation with the duke: they then went to his ship, and related to the Vannes, Hennebon, Quimperl6 and Quimpercorentin: they passed earl all that had passed. the whole winter in Brittany as well as they could. Very many of About midnight, on the return of the tide, the wind became favorthem were ill, and suffered much from the badness and scarcity of able; and the mariners asked the earl what were his intentions. provision; as also did their horses, for their foragers could not find The earl, who wished not for any further conferences, said, "WVeigh anything in the open country, which at that season is always bare. your anchor and set your sails, and let us be gone." This was soon The French had taken every precaution that the enemy should not done; and thus did the English set sail from the harbor of Vannes be very comfortable. The English were in this perilous state for for England. All the others did the same in their different ports, some time; for the French were so strong in the surrounding gar. and collected together at sea. risens, they dared not make any excursions. Some provisions came We will now speak of certain kpights and squires who returned to them by sea from Cornwall, Guernsey and the Isle of Wight, to Cherbourg by land, and relate what befel them on the road. The which were of great succor to them; otherwise they and their cav- constable of France, who at that time resided at cha.teau Josselin, airy would have perished through famine. seven leagues from Vannes, had granted passports to some English During this tiure, the four Breton barons remained at Paris on the and Navarre knights of the garrison of Cherbourg, who had served. part of the duke, negotiating a peace between him and the king. under the earl of Buckingham. Among others, were sir John He did not oppose it; for he saw clearly that he could not keep the Harlestone, governor of Cherbourg, sir Evan Fitzwarren, sir Wilpromises he had made the English, unless he would lose his duke- liam Clinton and sir John Burley. They set out from Vannes foldom. It was the intention of the earl of Buckingham and his bh- lowing the road to chateau Josselin, for it was in their route. On rons to pass the winter in the town of Vannes as well as they could, their arrival, they took up their quarters in the town below the oasand in the summer to return to France to continue the war: he had tie, not intending more than to dine and continue their journey. written a full account of his situation and intentions to the king of When they had dismounted at the inn, like travellers who wished England and to the duke of Lancaster. The king and his council, to repose themselves, the knights and squires of' the castle came to having approved of this plan, ordered him to carry it into execution, visit them as brother-soldiers, who always see each other with pleasadding, that at the proper season, a reinforcement of English should ure; particularly the French and English. Among the French, be sent to Normandy and land at Cherbourg; and those two armies, there was a squire of great renown in arms, who belonged to John being united in Normandy, might be able to perform some decisive de Bourbon, count de la Marche, the nearest to his person of all actions in France. his squires, and whom he loved the most: his name was John The king of France, his uncles and council, foresaw all that might Boucmel. IIe had formerly been in garrison in Valogne with sir happen, having been duly informed of the intended plans: they William des Bordes, and in his expedition, against Cherbourg. said, in their secret councils, that if the duke of Brittany, or any of During that time, he had often had words with an English squire, his principal towns, were at enmity with the realm, and united with called Nicholas Clifford, who was then present, respecting a tilting the English force, France would have, for a time, too heavy a bur. match. In the course of the conversation which these French den to bear. For this reason, the four barons from Brittany, who knights and squires held at the inn with the English, John Boucmel, represented the duke and managed his affirs very well, had thrown recollecting Clifford, cried out, "Nicholas Clifford! Ah! Nicholas, out these doubts: in particular, they had opened themselves to the Nicholas, we have often wished and sought to perform a tilting duke of Anjou, at that time regent of France, who having a grand match; but we never could find fit opportunity or place for it. Now, expedition in his heaid, and intending within two years at the far- as we are here before my lord constable and those gentlemen, let thest to march to la Puglia and Calabria, would not have chosen us perform it: I therefore demand from you three courses with a that the kingdomn of France should be shaken, nor his expedition lance." "John," replied Nicholas, "you know that we are here pu.t off. He was therefore strongly inclined to make peace with the but as travellers on our road, under the passport of my lord consta. duke of Brittany, that he might become a good Frenchman, loyal in ble: what you ask from me cannot now be conaplied with, for I am faith and homage to the king of France. The articles of peace not the principal in the passport, but under the command of theas 276 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. knights whom you see: if I were to stay behind, they would set has turned out unfortunate for our squire, but the Englishman could out without me." "Ha, Nicholas, do not make such excuses as not help it." He then addressed himself to the English: "Come, these: let your friends depart, if they please, for I give you my come to dinner, for it is ready." The constable led them, as I may promise, that as soon as our tilt shall be over, I will conduct you say, against their wills to the castle to dinner, for they wished not myself within the gates of Cherbourg without loss or peril, as I can to go there on account of the death of the Frenchman. depend on my lord constable's good-will. The count de la Marche most tenderly bewailed his squire, as he. Nicholas said: "Now, suppose it to be as you say, and that I viewed his corpse, Nicholas Clifford directly retired to his lodgings, place my confidence in being safely conducted by you, yet you see and would not by any means dine at the castle, as well for the great we are travelling through the country without arms of any sort: vexation he was in for this death as on account of his relations and therefore, if I were willing to arm myself, I have not wherewithal to friends; but the constable sent to seek for him, and it was necessary do so." John replied: " You shall not excuse yourself that way, he should comply. On his arrival, the constable said: "In truth, for I will tell you what I will do: I have plenty of arms at my com- Nicholas, I can very well believe, and I see by your looks, that you mand, and will order different sorts to be brought to the place where are much concerned for the death of John Boucmel; but I acquit we shall tilt; and, when all are laid out, you shall examine them, you of it, for it was no: fault of yours, and, as God is my judge, if I and consider which will suit you best: for I will leave the choice to had been in the situation you were in, you have done nothing more you, and, when you shall have chosen, I will then arm myself." than I would have done, as it is better to hurt one's enemy than to When Nicholas saw himself so earnestly pressed, he was ashamed be hurt by him. Such is the fate of war." that those present should have heard it, and thought, that since John They then seated themselves at the table, and these lords dined at made such handsome offers, he could not in honor refuse them; for their ease. After they had finished their repast, and drank their John still added, " Make whatever arrangements you please, I will wine, the constable called the lord le Barroiels des Barres, and said to agree to them sooner than we should not have a tilting match." him, "Barrois, prepare yourself: I will that you conduct these Eng. Nicholas then said, he would consider of it; and, before his depart. lishmen as far as Cherbourg, and that you have opened to them every ure he would make him acquainted with his resolution; adding, "if town and castle, and have given to them whatever they shall be in it will not be possible for nme to comply with your request at this need of." Le Barrois replied, " My lord, I shall cheerfully obey place, and if my lords, under whom I am, should be unwilling to as- your orders." sent to it, onmy return to Cherbourg, if you will come to Valogne; The English then, taking leave of the constable and the knights and signify to me your arrival, I will irimediately hasten thither, and with him, came to their lodgings, where everything was packed up deliver you from your engagement." "No, no," said John, "seek and ready. They mounted their horses, departed firom chateau Josnot for excuses: I have offered you such handsome proposals, that selin, and rode straight to Ponitorson and Mont St. Michel. They you cannot in honor depart without running a tilt with me, according were under the escort of that gallant knight le Barrois des Barres, to the demand I make." Nicholas was more enraged than before; who never quitted them in Brittany or Normandy, until they had arfor hlie thought, and true it was, thait he, by such a speech, greatly rived in Cherbourg. In this manner did the army of the earl of outraged his honor. Upon this, the French returned to the castle, Buckingham quit France by sea and by land. We will now return and the English to their inn, where ihey dined to the affairs of Flanders during that period, and say how the men of When these knights had got to the castle, you may suppose they Ghent behaved themselves, anc how the earl of Flanders, their lord, wetie not silent on the words which had passed between lohn Bouc- persisted in continuing an oppressive and heavy war. mel and Nicholas Clifford, insomuch that the constable heard of them. He considered a short time; and, when the knights and squires of the country who were with him entreated him to interest himself C H AP r ER L XV. that this combat might be fought, he willingly promised it. The English knights and squires, wishing to pursue their journey after Tn WAR RECOMMENCES BETWEEN THE EARL OF FLANDERS AND TiH dinner, went to the castle to wait on the constable; for he was to INHABITANTS OF eHENT. THE MEN OF GHENT AND OF YFRES ARX give them seven knights to escort them the whole road, through Brit- DISCOMFITED DY TH AMBtSCAIES OF THE EARL OF FLANDERS. tany and Normandy, as far as Cherbourg. rRuE it is, that the earl of Flanders at the beginning had very When they were arrived at the castle. the constable received them little dread of the Flemings and men of Ghent, imagining he could very amicably, and then said, "I put you all under arrest, and for- conquer them by little and little, both by reason and arms, since bid you to depart hence this day: to-morrow morning, after mass, John Lyon and John Pruniaux were dead: but the men of Ghent you shall witness the combat between your squire and ours, and then had still able captains in whom wholly they trusted, and by whom you shall dine with me. Dinner over, you shall set out, and I will they were governed; such as Rasse de Harzelle, captain of the casgive you good guides to conduct you to Cherbourg." They com- tlewick of Ghent, and John de Launoy, captain of the men of Cour. plied with his requests, and, having drank of his wine, returned to tray. There were other captains; John Boule, Peter du Bois, Arnoul their inn. Now the two squires consulted together, for it was fixed le Clerc and Peter la Nuit~e. At this period, there arose a contest they should on the morrow morning engage without fail. When between the grandees and populace of Bruges; the small handicraft morning came, they both heard mass, confessed themselves, and trades there wished to act according to their own inclinations, which mounted their horses; the French being on one side, and the Eng- the richer sort would not suffer. This caused a rebellion, and great lish on the other: they rode together to a smooth plain on the out- numbers of fullers and weavers lost their lives before the rest were side of the castle, where they dismounted. John Boucmel had pro- appeased. The inhabitants sent information of all this to the earl, vided there two suits of armor, according to his promise, which were who resided at Lille, entreating of him, for the love of God, ts come good and strong, as the occasion demanded: having had them dis- to them; for they acknowledged him as their lord, and were at that played, he told the English squire to make the first choice. " No,"9 moment masters of the populace. said the Englishman, "I will not choose: you shall have the choice." The earl of Flanders was pleased on hearing this intelligence John was therefore forced to choose first, which he did, and armed he set out from Lille, in company with sir William de Namur and a himself completely (in doing which he was assisted,) as a good man- great number of knights and squires of Flanders, and came to Bruges, at-arms should be. Nicholas did the same. When they were both where he was received with great joy by the council. On the arrival armed, they grasped their spears, well made with Bordeaux steel and of the earl at Bruges, all the leaders and those whod were even sus. of the same length; and each took the position proper for him to run pected to have similar intentions with the men of Ghent, were his course, with their helmets and vizors closed. They then ad- arrested and sent to prison, to the amount of five hundred, who in a vanced, and, when they approached pretty near, they lowered their short time were beheaded. spears, aiming them to hit each other. At the firs. onset, Nicholas When those of the Franconate* learnt that the earl was quiet in Clifford struck with his spear John Boucmel on the ipper part of his Bruges, they began to be alarmed, and immediately threw themselves breast; but the point slipped off the steel breast-plate, and pierced on the mercy of the earl, who pardoned them, to their great joy; for the hood, which was of good mail, and, entering his neck, cut the his power was daily increasing, and the inhabitants of the Francojugular vein, and passed quite through, breaking off at the shaft with nate have been always more attached to their earl than all the rest the head; so that the truncheon remained in the neck of the squire, of Flanders. The earl, seeing himself master of Bruges and of the who was killed, as you may suppose. The English squire passed on Franc, and that he had at his orders knights and squires from Hain. to his chair, where hlie seated himself. The French lords, who had ault and Artois, thought he had now a good opportunity to recover seen the stroke and the broken spear in his neck, hastened to him: his country and to punish the rebels: he therefore declared he would they immediately took off his helmet, and drew out the spear. On first pay a visit to Ypres. He hated them much for having so easily its being extracted, he turned himself about without uttering a word, opened their gates to those of Ghent, and said that those who by and fell down dead. The English squire hurried to his relief, cry- treaties had admitted his enemies within the town, and slain his ing out to have the blood stanched, but could not arrive before he knights, should pay dearly for it, if he should gain the upper hand expired. Nicholas Clifford was then exceedingly vexed, for having of them. He then issued his summons to the Franc and Bruges, for by ill.fortune slain a valiant and good man-at-arms. All who at that he was resolved to march to Ypres. time could have seen the despair of the count de ha Marche, who News was carried to Ypres, that the earl was pieparing to attack had such an affection for his deceased squire, would surely have much them: they determined, in consequence, to send to Ghent to ask pitied him; he was in the greatest distress, for he esteemed him assistance: for they were not in sufficient strength to hold out with. above all others. The constable was present, and endeavored to comfort him, say. * Da Frac. Tlat part ofFlanders, in which the towns of Dunkirk, Bergues, Gravelines, Bombourg sad Fomes are situated, is called the Franc, or the Franconate. —.'ng, "that such things were to be expected in similar combats. It,S$ in lJifmoires ie l'.eAEddadic. vol. xx. p. 419. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 277 out succors from that party, who had always promised to help them well Peter du Bois and Rasse de Harzelle, that, since they have sent in their need. They sent secretly letters and messages to the cap- to us to say they intend to offer the earl battle, they will get as near tains in Ghent, to inform them of the situation of the earl, and his to him as they can: I therefore think you should follow this road." menaces of coming to attack them. Arnoul le Clerec disputed, but John Boule insisted upon it, and made The men of Ghent considered themselves as bound by their faith them follow his road. When they had advanced about two leagues, and oaths to grant their request, and having called two captains, and were almost tired, they fell into the midst of these two ambus. John Boule and Arnoul le Clerc, said to them, "You will take three cades, which when they perceived, they cried out, "We are be. thousand of our men, and march in haste to Ypres, to succor our trayed l" No people ever made so poor a defence as they did: they saved themselves as fast as they could, some returning to Ypres, others flying over the fields, without any sort of order. The earl's army had sur. rounded a great number, whom they slew without mercy: however, John Boule and Arnoul le Clerc ~'!?~ gsaved themselves. The runaways who made for Courtray met their allies, 4who had set out fi'om Rousselwer, and were marching toward Rose. becque. When Peter du goo Bois and the uother officers mc f WOW"t ansaw thenm in such a state, the'~~~ "r ea jofh inait a.a re,' withoutqui ting: they demanded the reason Thernall of of it, and what had hap. came ti to,ad pened: they replied, "they for "~-~j~-~B~'~1______ tn could not tell; they had to-___ tnto nm. h eoGnot had time to see wha. was the matter; but that blo -w. In-~]~-~- cs e othey were flying, having been betrayed, and that the whole plain was coveree with them." Peter du Bois was doubt.ful, whether to march back............. wee t oerngehar hwto cover the runaways, and HTEL DR VILLE, YPRE8. From an Original Drawing to combat those who were thus chasing them, or to re. treat with thenm to Cour. good friends." Soon after this order was given, the detachment tray. All things considered, he was advised this time to retreat, as marched from Ghent, and three thousand men arrived at Ypres, to being the most advantageous; he therefore began his return in regu. the great joy of the inhabitants. lar order, without quitting the road, and the same day came back tc The earl of Flanders set out from Bruges with a large force, and Courtray. The runaways took shelter there: the men of Ghent came to Thorout: on the morrow to Poperingue, where they halted were quartered in the town, and placed strong guhards at the gates for three days, until his whole army was come up, which amounted to prevent any surprise. When John Boule and Arnodul le Clere to twenty thousand men. The men of Ghent being informed of all were returned, and had counted their men, they found there had these poeparations, and that the earl was to march against Ypres been slain of the men of Ghent, including those in the detachment with a powerful army, resolved to assemble their whole force, and sent to Ypres, twelve hundred; and of those of Ypres as many, it take the road by Courtray to Ypres, when, by uniting with those of not more. If the ambuscade had pursued those flying toward Ypres the last town, they might engage the earl's army; and, if they should and Courtray, they must have been overtaken, and scarcely one once completely defeat him, he would never be able to re6over the would have escaped: but the giving up the pursuit, to slay those who blow. In consequence of this determination, the following captains had fallen into their hands, was the saving of many. marched from Ghent: Rasse de Harzelle, Peter du Bois, Peter la The inhabitants of Ypres were much cast down on seeing theai Nuite, John de Launoy, with others, who were captains of hun- men return defeated the very day they had marched, and asked how dreds or of fifties in the different parishes; and, when drawn out in it could have happened. Some said, that John Boule had betrayed the plain, they amounted to upward of nine thousand men. them, and led them thus to be slaughtered. You have often heard They marched for Courtray, where they were received with great how difficult it is to appease the populace when once they are stirred joy, for John de Launoy was governor. The earl of Flanders, whose up: I shall instance it by those of Ghent, for when they had returned quarters were at Poperingue, heard how those of Ghent intended thus defeated to Courtray, and heard that John Boule was in the marching to Ypres, and that they were already at Courtray. Upon town, they collected upward of a thousand, bawling out, "Let us go this, he called a council, and kept his army in a compact body. seek that arch traitor John Boule, who has betrayed us! for it was The Ghent men who had come to Courtray marched from thence to he and no other who would have us follow that road which led to Rousselaer, where they halted, and sent to inform those of Ypres of the ambuscade. If we had believed Arnoul le Clerc, we should their arrival; and, if they would come forth with the troops they had have escaped it; for he wanted to conduct us straight to our men, sent to them, they should be in sufficient force to combat the earl. and John Boule, who had sold and betrayed us, would march us The men of Ypres were delighted at this intelligence; and, having where we have been tricked and defeated." Now, observe how every inclination to do what had been requested, they sallied out in unjustly they accuse him of treason, when I do not see that there the morning, to the amount of eight thousand, under the command was the least cause for it. Had it been, as they said, that he had of John Boule and Arnoul le Clerc. sold and betrayed them, he would never have returned, but would The earl, who was with his army in that district, got information, have staid with the earl and his army. This, however, could not I know not by what means or by what accident, that the men of save him from being killeAd: the men of Ghent sought for him in his Ypres had marched to join those from Ghent: hlie therefore ordered house, and, having found him, dragged him into the street, when he two large ambuscades on a pass through which those from Ypres was torn in pieces, and as many as could, carried off a morsel. must march, under the command of his son, le Haze, bastard of Such was the end of John Boule. Flanders, and the lord d'Anghien: there were knights and squires The next day, the men of Ghent departed from Courtray, and from Hainault, Artois, Brutes, and the Franconate, and in each I returned home. They sent John de Launoy to Gavre, a castl.'. ambuscade were ten thousand men. longing to the earl, and situated on the Scheld, of which he. look When those of Ypres and the Ghent men who had been sent possession, and placed a garrison in it. thither under the command of John Boule were in the plains, and had marched about a league, they came to two roads; one of which led to Rousselaer, and the other to Thorout: they halted, and asked which road they should take. Arnoul le Clerc, answering, said, "I would advise you to go and see our men who are at Rousselaer." "By my troth," replied John Boule, " I think we shall be better lodged on Mont d'Or than anywhere else; for be assured I know so 278 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. strongest places in the world: it would be necessary to have two C H AP T E R L X V I. hundred thousand men, if any one wishes to block up all the passes THE TOW NS OF YFRES AND COURTRAY TURN TO THE EARL OF FLANDERS. besides, the armies ought to be near the rivers, or, in time of need, GHENT IS BESIEGED. they would not be able to cooperate with each other; for Ghent is WE will now return to the earl of Flanders and his army. When very populous, and full of determined men. They found, on num. they had thus, by their amrnbuscades, defeated the men of Ghent, berng the inhabitants at this time, they had eighty thousand me bering the inhabitants at this time, they had eighty thousand mer4 and had slain three thousand or thereabouts, including those of all fit for bearing arms, under sixty and above fifteen years. When ith foearln harms bendbefre Gheynt aboute monthend years. Ypres, the earl was advised to advance and lay siege to Ypres. Then the earl had been before hent about a month, and his men This counsel he followed, and marched thither with a fine army of under the lord d'Anghien, le Haze his son, with the young sneschal knights and squires from Hainault, Artois, and Flanders, who had of Hainault, had had various skirmishes with those of Ghent, in come to serve under him. As soon as the citizens of Ypres learnt which sometimes they won, and at others lost, as in such cases will that the earl was on his march thither with such a force, they were happen, he was advised tosend the men from Bruges, Ypres, and happen, he was advised to send the men from Bruges, Ypres, and greatly alarmed; and the principal and richest inhabitants held a Poperingue, on an expedition to a place called Longpont, the con. tha th eal ws o hi mach hiter ithsuc a orc, tey erePoperingue, on an expedition to a place called Longpont, the concouncil, inawhich they resolved to open their gates, and o out to quest of which would be highly advantageous; for by this they could meet him, with offers to replace themselves under his c,.,dience, meet himn, with offers to replace themselves under his,c,~dience, enter the Quatre Mestiers, and then approach Ghent as near as they trusting to his mercy. It was well known to him that they had pleased. Those who had been ordered on this expedition were allied themselves with Ghent through fear of the lower ranks, such drawn up, and a very valiant and prudent knight, called sir Josse de as weavers, fullers, and other ill-intentioned people of the town- Haluin, was nominated commander: with him were very many they besides depended on his kind and merciful character for their knights and squires, hut sir Josse was the chief. When they arrived pardon. As they had resolved, so did they execute; and upward pardon. As thdy had resolved, so did they execute; and upward at Longpont, they did not find it defenceless, but garrisoned with a of three hundred in a company went out of the town, carrying the great number of men-at-arms: Peter du Bois, Peter laNuite, and keys of the gates with them. On meeting the earl of Flanders Rasse de Harzelle, were there in front. The skirmish was severe; for, on the arrival of' the detachment from the earl, they began on they fell on their knees, and begged for mercy, saying, that they for, on the arrival of the detachment from the earl, they began on personally, and the whole town, resigned themselves to his will. persnaly, nd he hol ton, esinedtheseles o~hs wll. both sides to shoot from cannons and cross-bows, which slew andl The earl took pity on them, made them rise, and granted them wounded many. The men of Cheat behaved too well, for they his eardon He entered the a town of res with his ghian *ed te drove back their enemies, and took by force the banner of the gold his pardon. He entered the town of Ypres with his whole army, Sihscmayo'Buewihte ln notervradb smith's ompany oe Bruges, whici they fung into the river and be and there remained for three weeks, sending back those of the smeared with filth. e w th l ith and Franc of Bruges to their several towns. During his residence in'here were, this goldsmith's cmpany and Ypres, he had upward of seven hundred weaves and fullers be- of many others, numbers slain and wounded: in particular sir Josse headed, and all those who had been any way concerned in admitting de Haluin was killed, which was a great pity. So valiantly did John Lyon and the Ghent men'into the town, who had slain the John Lyon and the Ghent men into the town, who had slain the the Chent men behave, that those who had been sent to Longpont knights and men-at-arms whom he had sent thither, and which had returned discomfited. enraged him so much. To prevent them from again rebelling against him, he sent three hundred of the principal inhabitants to prison in Bruges, escorted by a handsome body of men-at-arms. C IfA P T E R L X V II. He then marched toward Courtray, in order to bring that town THE EARL OF FLANDERS RAISES THE SIEGE OF GHENT. HE DEFEATS under his obedience. When the inhabitants heard this was his sA GREAT PART OF THE ARMY OF GHENT, THROUGH ThE SELF-SUF. intention, and that hlie was on his way, having subjugated those of FICIENCY OF RASSE DE HARZELLE, NEAR TO NEVELE Ypres, they were much afraid, for they saw no appearance of any aid coming to them from Ghent: they therefore determined to sur- DURiNG the siege of Ghent by the earl of Flanders, there were render themselves amicably to their lord; for it was better to depend numerous skirmishes before the city. The lord d'Anghien, the s-n. on the earl, to whom they owed fidelity, homage, and loyalty, than eschal of Hainault and le Haze de Flanders, never ransomed those on Ghent. Upon this, three hundred of the principal citizens as. whom they fell in with unprotected in the plains; and sometimes sembled, and went out of the town on foot, to meet the earl, taking they were forced to retreat in such a hurry as not to have time to the keys with them. When the earl was near to pass them, they look behind them. Six thousand well-appointed men were drawn flung themselves on their knees, crying out to him for mercy. The up in the city, and put under the command of Rasse de Harzelle, earl, taking compassion on them, pardoned them, and made a joyful Arnoul le Clerc and John de Launoy: they marched from Gheni entry into the town, where every one paid him honor and reverence. without any fear of the army, and took the road to A lost, which was He arrested about two hundred of the principal inhabitants, whom then a good town and well inclosed, in which the ear had placed a he sent to Lille and to Douay, as hostages for the town. garrison of several knights. They, on hearing of this intended at. When he had continued at Courtray six days, he returned to tack, made off, through the gate leading to Brussels, in haste, ether. Bruges; where, having reposed himself for a fortnight, he issued a wise they would have been slain. The Ghent men burnt everythng, grand summons for his vassals to attend him at the siege of Ghent, even the gates, and gained great pillage. for at this time all Flanders was dependent on him. He left Bruges They then marched to Dendremonde, which is a strong town, bus with a numerous army to lay siege to Ghlent, and fixed his quarters they took it by storm. Sir Philip de Namur was there killed. The at a place called La Briete. Sir Robert de Namur came thither to men of Ghent were masters of the town, but not of the castle; for serve him, with a large body of men-at-arms, according to his let. the lord de Widescot and his companions held it out valiantlyagainsi ters and orders: but sir William de Namur could not come, for he them. The Cheat army went next to Cramont, which had lately was at the tie in France with the king and duke of Burgundy turned to the earl, through the ergreaty and negotiation of the lord t was about the time in France wiof the decollation of St. John that the king and duke of Burgundy.ege d'Anghien. I know not whether by treachery or not, but the Ghent of Ghent was commenced. Sir Walter, lord of Anghien, was men entered it, and very many of the inhabitants were slain. Aftex marshal of the army of Flanders: he was young, bold, enterprising, these exploits, they returned to Ghent with a great booty. and fearless of whatever dangers or perils might befal him. Not. When the earl of Flanders considered that, besides losing his timt withstanding the earl of Flanders was before Ghent with so nue- he was t vat expense in the siege, and that he and his army were rous an army, he could not prevent the town from having two or siffering greatly, and also that he could not prevent the Ghent mena three gates open, by which means all sorts of provision entered from sallying forth and burning the country; that lately they had cor~without danger. The Brabanters and Liegeois were very favorable quered Dendremonde and Gramont; hlie resolved to break up thm to them, more particularly the citizens of Brussels. The Liegeois iege and depart, for winter was approaching. He marched away, wrote to them, to keep up their spirits: "Good men of Ghent, we and sent his men to their different homes to recruit themselves. He are well aware that at this present you have enough to do; that you ordered the lord d'Anghien and the lord de Montigny to garrison are hard pushed by the earl your lord, and by the gentry and the Oudenarde: they had, besides men-at-arms, two hundred English rest of the country, which we are extremely sorry for: know, that archers, on whom they placed great dependence. With regard tc if you were only five or six leagues from our frontiers, we would the earl, he went to Bruges. The lords who were in Oudenardo sendl that succor which ought to be given to our brothers, friends, made several sallies against those of Ghent; and there were frequent and neighbors; but you are too far from us, and the country of skirmishes, for they were almost constantly in the field, so that none Brabant lies between, which is the cause that prevents us. PNow, if could carry provision or merchandise to Ghent without risk of being you should be besieged at this moment, do not be cast down; for taken. God knows, and all the principal towns, that you have justice on When the winter was over, and the month of April arrived, the your side in this war, which must make your labors more effective." earl assembled his army, having sent for those of Ypres, Courtray, Thus did the citizens of Liege write to those of Ghent, in order to Poperingue, Damme, Sluys, and the Franconate: he marched from comfort them. Bnruges and came to Nevele, where he remained some time. While The earl of Flanders had invested Ghent on the sides toward there, he appointed the lord d'Anghien commander-in-chief of all the Bhruges and Courtray; but on those toward Brussels and les Qlmatre men-at-arms, comprehending those of Lille, Douay and Oudenarde. Mestiers,6 he could not, on account of the Scheld and Lys. I may The earl's army was fully twenty thousand men: they were pre. therefore say, everything considered, that Ghent is one of the pared to march to Gavre, where Johmi de Launoy resided, who, on receiving intelligence of this, sent off directly to Ghent, to inform *The territory comprehended under the name of Leos Qutre Mestiers, was formerly Rasse de Harzelle that he must send him immediate reinforcements, sebject to the bishop of Utrecht, and contained thirty villages. Hulse, Axele, Bochol'e, for the army of the earl had taken the field. Rasse de Harzelle in,nd ~.eenetle are t!~e (bur principal towns; the two last are not irmlosed with walls.-s BL~;~u's.lWas stantl~ collected eix thousand men, and marched to Gaw'e: he did CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 279 not find John de Launoy, but overtook him at Deynse, where he was the Lion!" to cheer their men: on the other, they cried as loudly, pillaging the country on the other side of the river. They then, "Ghent, Ghent I" There was a moment when the earl was in dan.having united their forces, marched that day together, and fell in with ger of losing all; and, if he had then given way, they would all tose from Oudenarde and Deynse, who were going to join the earl, have been slain and defeated beyond a remedy: for Peter du Bois, whom they immediately attacked, and slew at least six hundred of with full six thousand men, was in the plain, and clearly saw the them. The lord d'Anoghien was not present: he had gone before to combat, but he could not give any assistance to his townsmen for the thd earl, who was with his army between Deynse and Bruges. extensive marshes that were between him and the armies: but, had When news was brought to the earl, and the lord d'Anghien, that the earl lost the day, or his men fled through panic, he knew well the men of Oudenarde had been so roaghly treated, they were much that Peter du Bois would have fallen upon them, and none would vexed: the lord d'Anghien was ordered to march with four thousand have escaped death, not even himself; which would have been such men toward Gavre, where they expected to find John de Launoy; a loss as Flanders never would have recovered. but he had retreated to Ghent with his pillage and prisoners, of whom, Rasse de Harzelle and John de LIaunoy had not long the advantage indeed, he had no great number. On the morrow, he and Rasse de in this combat, for the earl had a number of valiant knights, besides Harzelle marched out with ten thousand men; and, though the earl the men from Ypres, Courtray, Oudenarde, Damme, Sluys, the Franc was not come to Gavre, they were anxious to surround him. The and Bruges, who, when assembled together, amounted to near twenty same day that Rasse de Harzelle had marched from Ghent, Peter du thousand men, being four times the number of their enemies. The Bois made asally also with six thousand men, accompanied by Arnoul Ghent men, unable to withstand them, were thrown into disorder, le Clerc: they burnt the suburbs of Courtray, and then retreated to- and retreated into the town. Upon this, the knights and squires ward Deynse, in order to fall in with their townsmen; but it was too advanced, and, breaking their ranks, put them in confusion, and late, for, when Rasse de Harzelle and John de Launoy were come killed them in heaps. The men of Ghent retired toward the church to Nevele, they perceived the earl with his whole army in the plain: of Nevele, which was strong; and, having collected themselves thus did these two armies find themselves in sight of each other, there, a hard battle ensued, and great slaughter was made of them. without either of them suspecting it in the morning. When Rasse John de Launoy, like one distracted, rushed into the church, and de Harzelle and John de Launoy saw a battle was inevitable, they posted himself, and as many men as he could, in the large tower of were not cast down, but drew up their men in three battalions; in the steeple. Rasse de Harzelle remained behind, and, with his men, each battalion were two thousand men, all bold and hardy, and the performed many valorous deeds at the door of the church; but at last best soldiers in Ghent. he was overpowered, and pierced with a spear, which instantly killed Peter du Bois and Arnoul le Clere had an equal number of men, him. Thus ended Rasse de Harzelle, who had been a great comwho, though in the country, were ignorant of this meeting, or that mander of the Ghent men against the earl: he was much beloved their friends were about to engage. When they left Ghent, they by his townsmen for his good sense and prowess; but this was his had entered into an agreement, that if either party should meet the recompense at last for all his valor. earl, they were not to fight without the other; for they were not sepa. When the earl of Flanders arrived at the square before the church, rately of sufficient strength, but, when united, they were able to en- and saw that the Ghent men had retreated into it, he ordered the gage with three times their number: this they had sworn to Peter du church to be set on fire: his order was obeyed, and a fire was kin Bois they would adhere to; and to say the truth, if' Rasse had wished dled with great quantities of straw and faggots, which they placed it, he might easily have delayed the combat, for he had only to keep all round the church. The flames soon ascended to the roof, when himself in the town of Nevele to wait for Peter du Bois, and the the Ghent men perished miserably; for they were sure of being earl would never there have fought him: buit the moment Rasse de burnt if they staid in the church, and if they sallied out they were Harzelle saw the army of the earl, through pride and self-sufficiency, slain and cast back into the fire. John de Launoy, who was in the he took the field, saying to himself that he would offer battle to steeple, perceiving himself at the point of death, and that he must his enemies, and reap all the honor, without waiting for Peter du soon be burnt, for the steeple was beginning to take fire, cried out Bois or the others. He had great confidence in his men, and such to those below, "Ransom, ransom!" and offered his coat, which was hopes in the good fortune of Ghent that he thought he could not be full of florins; but they laughed at and mocked him, saying, "' John, defeated; and manifested his willingness to engage, as I shall pres. come and speak to us through these windows, and we will receive antly relate to you. you. Make a handsome leap, John, such as you have forced our Greatly was the earl rejoiced when he saw Rasse de Harzelle friends to take this year: you must make this leap." John de Lau. march out of Nevele to the plain to fight. He immediately ordered noy, finding his situation desperate, and the fire so fast approaching his men to be drawn up in proper order: his infantry were about that he must be burnt, grew enraged, and preferred being slain to twenty thousand, able men, and about fifteen hundred lances, knights being thus burnt. Both happened to him; for he leaped out of the and squires, from Flanders, Hainault, Brabant, and Artois. Among windows in the midst of his enemies, who received him on their those from Hainault were the lord d'Anghien, marshal of the army, spears; and, after hacking him to pieces, he was flung into the and, in his company, the lord de Montigny, the bastard of Anghien, flames. Thus finished John de Launoy. Giles de Riscon, Hutin de Lay, the lord of Lens, sir John de Berlamemont and several more. From Flanders were, the lord de Guistelles,.ir Guy de Guistelles, the lord des Comrnets, the lord de Hallue, the lord de Haluin, sir Daniel de Haluin, sir Thierry de Disquetane, sir CHAPTER LXVIII. John d Escoumbouc, the lord de Gentus, sir John de Vilain, sir Ge- ER u ois I E I o s AR RET.S TO GH. rard de Marquellies, nnd many others. Several new knialits were PETER DU BOIS WITH THE REMAINDER OF HIS ARMY RETIRES TO GHeNT. ard d Marquellies, nd many others. Several new knight wee AFTER HAVING BEEN IN DANGER OF HIS LIFE, HE BESIEGES COURTRAY. also made. The young s6neschal of Hainault had died in his bed some time before, from the bruise he had received at Aubiez, near OF the six thousand men, of which the army at least consisted, Mortaigne, for he had been in that affair. that Rasse de Harzelle and John de Launoy had brought from Ghent The earl formed his army in five battalions, and in each there or that neighborhood, or who were serving the men of Ghent for pay were about five thousand men, eager for the attack: the lord de and had been marched thither, there did not escape more than three Lieureghien bore fitat day the earl's banner. In this manner they hundred: the rest were slain in the field or in the town, or had been advanced on the enemy, five battalions to three; but at the com. burnt in the church. Peter du Bois, notwithstanding he had a fine mencement only three battalions of the earl's army engaged, the army, could not give them the smallest assistance, on account of the other two were on the wings to support those who might be broken. marshes and stagnant waters which were between him and the earl's The earl was present, exhorting his men to behave well, and to re. army. He marched away with his men drawn up in order of battle,. venge themselves on the madmen of Ghent who had given them so saying to them, "Come, let us proceed slowly toward Ghent. Rasse much trouble: he said to the citizens from the chief towns, "Be de Harzelle amd John ele Launoy have had very bad success: they assured, should you fly, you would more certainly be put to death are defeated. I know not what may happen to us, if we should be than if you stood your ground; for I will have you all beheaded pursued and attacked by the earl's army: let us keep in a body and without mercy." The earl posted the men of Bruges in the first combat boldly, as good men should do when they fight for their battalion, those of the Franc in the second, those of Ypres and Cour- rights." Those who heard him answered, "We will do so." They tray in the third, and those of Poperingue, Cassel, Bergues and Bour- then departed, taking the road toward Ghent, in a close well.formed, bourng in the fourth battalion: he had retained those of Oudenarde, battalion. Lille and Douay near his person. Some of the runaways who had escaped from the battle of Nevele'Lhe armies kept advancing toward each other. Rasse de Harzelle returned to Ghent, which they entered quite firightened, like defeated. led the first battalion, for it was composed of the most determined men, and related how Rasse de Harzelle and John de Launoy hadi men of the three, and because he was anxious to be the first to begin been sla'n and their army lost. The citizens were much dejected, the combat, and to gain honor if it were possible: he attacked that at this ill news, and sorry for the loss of Rasse, for they had found: of Bruges, which the lord de Guistelles and his brothers commanded. him a good captain and irue to their interests: he was much beloved4 There was great pushing and fighting at time commencement. In and great confidence was placed in him, because he was of a noble another part, the other battalions engaged, when many were beat family, and had served them faithfully for their money. They asked'~ down at the onset. The Ghent men behaved very gallantly; but the runaways, "Tell us where was Peter du Bois all the time of the. the army of the earl was too numerous for them. combat?" They, who had neither seen nor heard any intelligence. The battle was sharp, and lasted some time, so that it was long of him replied, "We have not seen him, nor do we know anythinff before it was seen which had the advantage. All the battalions about him." Upon this, several began to murmur, saying, that Pe.~z were intermixed; and on one side they shouted out, "Flanders for du Bois had behaved very ill, for not ha' ing bcfr; W~es';nt at this, 280 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. battle, he who had six thousand men under his command completely that time, but dismissed great part of his army at Courtray, and sent armed. the lord d'Anghien and the Hainaulters, with his bastard son the Those who governed Ghent therefore resolved, as soon as Peter [laze, to Oudenarde in garrison. du Bois should return, to kill him, and then make peace with the earl their lord, throwing themselves on his mercy. I believe that, if they had done so, they would have acted well, and peace would easily CHAPTER LXIX. have been made. But they changed their resolution, for which afterwards they paid severely, as did the whole country of Flanders. ROL LE CLERC, CPTAIN OF SOME TROOPS OF WFITE HOODS, DEFE aS sEvERAL, OF THE EARL OF FLANDERS' NOBILITY. HE HIIIgISELF Is Affairs at that time were not so bad as they afterwards became, nor SERA FEA O LAN the great distress of Flanders at its height, as I shall hereafter relate. AFTERADS DEFEATED ND SLAIN. After the defeat of Rasse de Harzelle and John de Launoy, the WHEN Peter du Bois and the Ghent army found that it was not earl of Flanders was informed that Peter du Bois with an army of the carl's intention to advance against them, they departed from Ghent men were in the field, and on their march to that city. The Deynse and Nevele, and took a roundabout road toward Oudenarde, earl halted, and called a council, in which he demanded from his on their return to Ghent. The day they passed Oudenarde, they knights whether he should not pursue them and offer battle: they detached a body from the army, under the command of Arnoul le replied, that he had done enough that day; that his men were tired, Clerc, who advanced as far as the barriers of the town to skirmish. and that it was proper they should have some rest; but that he would The knights and squires within could not resist combating with them, do well to send off five or six hundred men-at-arms, to observe their so that many were slain and wounded on both sides. But those motions, for they might perhaps fix their quarters in such a situation from Ghent did not continue the skirmish long: they returned to that they could come up with them at their dislodging. The earl Ghent with their men, when each retired to his own house. approved of this advice, and followed it: those who were to be of Three days after, Arnoul le Clere marched to Gavre with about this detachment were directly ordered out, and the lord d'Anghien twelve hundred white hoods; and the castle and castlewick were was appointed to the command. About five hundred lances being garrisoned, to keep in check those in Oudenarde. Arnoul le Clere mounted, they marched off from Nevele, and followed by-roads, in had not been there long before he was informed that some knights order to come up with the Ghent men: they proceeded so far that and squires had sallied out of Oudenarde in search of adventures, they at last saw them descend a small hill; they were in a compact namely, the lord de Cornais, the lord de Remselles, sir John de Viibody, and in good order, marching at a good pace toward Ghent. laines, the lord d'Anghien, le Gallois de Maamines, the bastard de The lord d'Anghien and his detachment followed them some time Cornais, and sir Blanchiard de Calemie. He therefore formed an on their flank. Peter du Bois and his men saw them plainly, though ambuscade, and as these knights were on their return to Oudenarde, they made not any appearance of being discomposed by it. Peter he fell upon them, when several were slain, for mercy was shown to du Bois said, " Let us continue our road with a good step, without none.'rThle horses of the knights were brought very opportunely, breaking our ranks; if they attack us, we will receive them, but I when they made the best of their way to Oudenarde: on their arri. do not believe they have any such intentions." Thus each party val at tile barriers, they dismounted and put themselves in a posture marched on, without doing anything, as far as Ghent, when the lord of defence, waiting for their men and servants; but, before they d'Anghien returned to the carl, and Peter du Bois with his men en- could re6nter the town, they had left upward of sixty dead on the tered the town. Peter du Bois was very badly received, and on the field. point of being killed, for not having exerted himself to assist Rasse Arnoul le Clerc, having performed this enterprise, marched that de Harzelle. Peter exculpated himself, saying truly, "that he had day to a monastery near Berchem: he found that Pierre d'Estonnesent orders to Rasse not to engage with the earl on any account, houx and Gallois de Mamines, with about a hundred of their cornwithout being joined by him, for that the earl was in too great force; pardons, had retreated into the town of Berchem: he therefore irmbut that Rasse had done quite the contrary: that if bad success had mediately attacked the monastery whither they had retired. Gallois attended him, lie could not by any means be blamed: that he was as de Mamines with difficulty escaped from the back part of it, and much grieved for the death of Rasse as any one, for the town of having entered a boat, came by nightto Oudenarde, when herelated Ghent had lost a valiant man and good captain. It will therefore be to the lord d'Anghien, the lord de Montigny, sir Daniel de Halluyn, and necessary for you to choose another, one who has a good reputation the other nights who were there, how Arnoul le Clerc, with the end will be feared; who is bold, wise, and prudent: or otherwise white hoods, had forced the monastery of Berchem, and slain their put yourselves under the obedience of the earl, who will destroy us companions: that he thought Pierre d'Estonnehoux was killed; as all, by wickedly and cruelly putting us to a shameful death. Now, indeed he was, for Arnoul le Clerc and his men had made him leap consider what you will do: either persevere in what you have begun out of a window, when he was received on the points of their spears and carried on for so long a time, or throw yourselves on the mercy and slain, which was a great loss. of my lord the earl of Flanders." The knights in Oudenai:de, on hearing that Arnoul le Clere with None made any answer to this speech of Peter du Bois; but, with about twelve hundred white hoods were quarteredin Berchem; that regard to the event of the battle of Nevele and the death of Rasse, their companions were slain and the monastery taken; were very he was acquitted. He was, however, much dissatisfied that no one indignant, and determined to send off in the night spies to observe replied to his speech; particularly with some of the principal and whither they would march on the morrow. The spies reported, that richest citizens of Ghent then present, such as sir Guisebert Grote the white hoods had fixed on Berchem for their quarters, which much and sir Simon Bete. He at the time did not show his resentment; pleased these noblemen. The lords d'Anghien de Montigny, de but in the course of the year, they severely experienced its effects, Bresueil, sir Michael de la Hamarde, with upward of six hundred as you will hear related. The lord d'Anghien, the lord de Montigny, knights and squires from Hainault, immediately armed themselves; and the Haze de Flanders, returned with their men to the earl, and as did a like number from Flanders. Three hundred spears were in related all they had seen. The earl set off from Nevele, and went Oudenarde, with upward of one thousand cross-bows and stout var. to Bruges: he dismissed his army to their different towns, and sent lets. They marched to Berchem, and, when near that place, they those of the Franc, with the lord d'Anghien and the banners, to sent forward sir Oliver de Chem, with full one hundred lances, to Oudenarde. begin the attack, and to draw Arnoul le Clerc out of the monastery, The men of Ghent, on hearing that the earl had disbanded his as well as to give time for the cross-bows and stout varlets, who were army and retired to Bruges, began to be in motion, by the instiga- on foot, to come up and be properly arranged. lion of Peter du Bois, who said to them, " Come, let us take the Sir Daniel and sir Peter de Disquemac and the Haze de Flanders, field, and not be cool in carrying on this war, but show we are men spurring their horses, entered the space before the monastery at full of courage and enterprise." Upward of fifteen thousand marched gallop, crying out, "Flanders for the Lion! Flanders for the Bas. out of Ghent, and came before Courtray, to which they laid siege tard!" The Ghent men, not expecting an ambuscade, for it was. during the time of the feast and procession at Bruges in the year early morn, were not dressed, so that before Arnoul le Clere could 1381. They remained there for ten days, and burnt the suburbs of collect his men, the lord d'Anghien, the lord Lens, the lord de Bre. Courtray, with all the surrounding country. When the earl heard of sueil, the lord de Cornais, the lord de Montigny, entered the back this he remanded all his gentlemen, and the garrisons and corn- part of the town, with the army, crying out, "D'Anghien for the;monalty of Ypres and the Franc, and marched from Bruges with lord!" and attacked the Ghent white hoods with so much vigor, that.upward of twenty-five thousand men, taking the road to Courtray, they could not withstand them, but, breaking their ranks, were with intentions of combating the Ghent army and raising the siege. thrown into disorder; and, of the twelve hundred, eleven hundrea "Peter du Bois, on receiving intelligence of the earl's march and were slain in the monastery, in the town and fields. Arnoul le Clero:strength, thought it best not to continue the siege: he decamped, was also killed, as he was running away, by two pikes being thrust and went to Deynse and Nevele, where his army quartered them- through him, which fastened him to a hedge. After this defeat, the:selves, giving out they'would there wait for the earl: at the same lord d'Anghien, with the other knights, returned to Oudenarde, es"time, they signified their situation to their townsmen, who ordered teeming this enterprise a deed of great prowess. The news of It ~out the reserve, that they might have a superior force of men-at-arms. greatly pleased the earl of Flanders, who told time lord d'Anghien Fifteen thousand more men therefore marched from Ghent to their that he was a handsome and good child, and in time would be a:army quartered at Deynse and Nevele, where they encamped in the most valiant man. To say the truth, the lord d'Anghien was the iplain. glory of the earl of Flanders, who at that time resided at Bruges, andt When the earl arrived at Harlebecque, near Courtray, he heard who did not call him cousin, but fair son. ithe Ghent men had retreated toward Ghent, and were quartered at Deynse and Nr.vele. He did not think proper to pursue them at CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 281 having arranged in his own mind what he should say, thus opened CHIAPTER LXX. the matter and the cause of his coming: "If you will listen to me, DURING THIS WAR, TaE RICH CITIZENS OF GHENT ARE SUBJUGATED BY and follow my advice, I will make you the greatest man in Flan. THEIR SOLDIERS. PHILIP To ARTATELO IS MADEr GOT RNOR oF G~l T. ders." " How will you do this?" replied Philip. "I will tell you how," said Peter: "you shall have the sole government of Ghent: WHEN the news was carried to Ghent that Arnoul le Clerc was for we are at this moment in the utmost want of a leader of a good slain, and his men defeated, many began to take alarm, and to say name and fair character: by this means we shall rouse the men of among themselves, " Our affairs go on very badly: by degrees, they Ghent, through remembrance of your father's fame; for every one will kill our captains and men: we have done ill to make this war says that Flanders was never so flourishing, nor so much feared, as upo.l the earl our lord, for by little and little he will destroy us. The during his lifetime. I will easily place you, if you be willing, in his hatreds of Gilbert Matthew and John Lyon are now falling upon us, situation; and, when there, you will govern according to my advice and we have too long followed the opinions of John Lyon and Peter until you shall find yourself master of the business, which you will du Bois; they have driven us into this war, and brought on us the soon acquire." Philip, who was arrived at manhood, and naturally hatred of our lord to such a degree that we shall never be admitted wished to advance himself in honor and wealth more than he then to mercy, nor obtain a peace. It will be better that twenty or thirty possessed, replied, "Peter, you offer me great things; and, if I be should suffer than a whole city." placed in the situation you say, I swear on my faith, that I will never This was the conversation of several when together in private, act without your advice." from the dread of the ill-intentioned who were of another way of Peter asked, "Can you be cruel and proud? For a great m-an thinking, and were daily adding to their power, though at the begin- among the commonalty, and in particular among such as we shall ning they were but poor workmen scarcely worth a groat. They have to do with, will not be thought anything worth if he be not had now plenty of gold and silver; for, when in want, they comrn- feared and dreaded, and at times renowned for his cruelty. It is plained to their leaders, who willingly listened to them, and gave, thus that the Flemingswish to be governed; and, among them, men's them advice by pointing out to them the richest men in the town, lives should be no more valued, nor should they have more pity shown and saying, "Go to such and such persons, and tell them we want to them, than swallows or larks, which are caught in the proper to speak to them." They directly went, and those they sought were'season for the table." " By my troth," answered Philip, " I know afraid to refuse following them. On their arrival, they were told the well how to act this part." "All then goes well," said Peter. "You good town of Ghent was in want of money to pay their soldiers; who are just such a one as I want, and the chief I look for." On saying were aiding to guard and preserve their rights and franchises, and this, he took leave and departed to his own house. Night passed, that it was necessary the workmen should live. They raised instantly and day returned, when Peter du Bois went to a square where there among themselves the sum demanded; for, had they refused, they were upward of four thousand of his followers and others, assembled would have been put to death, on pretence of being traitors to the to hear the news, to discuss how matters ought to be carried on, and good town of Ghent, and indifferent to its honor or profit. who should be governor of the town. Thus did these wicked people become masters of the town, and The lord de Harzelle was there, who chiefly conducted the affairs continued so as long as the war lasted against their lord. In truth, if of Ghent, but he would not undertake to do anything out of the town: the rich men and nobility of the town were beaten by such rods, one some named him for governor: others were also nominated. Peter, cannot pity, nor any way excuse them, for they were the primary who was listening attentively, having heard many names, raised his cause of all this mischief. When the earl of Flanders sent thither voice and said, "Gentlemen, I have paid every attention to all you his bailiff to do justice on some wicked persons, could they not have have said, and firmly believe that you have been induced, through remaiiled steady and have assisted him in this act, seeing the rebels your love and affection for the honor and wealth of the town of Ghent, were then in very small numbers? But it appeared they were quite to propose such who are worthy to have a share in the government indifferent whether the affair turned out well or ill, or if they had war of this city; but I know one who in no way is thinking of it, and if or peace. They must have been sensible, that if they made war on he would undertake the government, there could not be any one found their lord, the ill-intentioned would be their masters and lords of the of greater abilities, nor of a more propitious name." Peter du Bois town, and that they could not turn them out when they pleased. It was called upon to name him, which he did by saying, " It was Philip would happen to them as to John de la Faucille, who, by dissembling von Artaveld, who was christened at the font of St. Peter's in Ghent and quitting the town of Ghent to live in Hainault, imagined he by that noble queen of England, Philippa, who was his godmother should be clear of all the wars in Flanders, as well as of those against at the time when his father, Jacob von Artaveld, was at the siege of his lord by the town of Ghent, of which he was a native, and that Tournay with the king of England, the duke of Brabant, the duke nothing would be required from him: but in this he was mistaken, of Gueldres and the earl of Hainault; which Jacob von Artaveld, his so that it caused his death; which was a pity, for John de la Faucille. father, governed the town of Ghent and the country of Flanders bet. was in his time a wise and able man. But in those days none could ter than has ever been done since, from all I hear from those inhabtrim between the lords and the townsmen, for they were too clear- itants who have it strong in their memories: Flanders had been for sighted; and though he knew how to advise others very well, yet in some time lost, if through his sense and good fortune he had not re. regard to himself he managed things badly. I do not know, for a gained it. Now, it behooves us to love the branches from such a truth, if he were guilty of all the charges on which he was examined valiant man, in preference to any other person." No sooner had by sir Simon Rain in fhe castle of Lille, but his judges, with his Peter du Bois done speaking than the idea of Philip von Artaveld adverse fortune, turned against him, so that he died: and thus it filled every one's mind, and encouraged them so much that they happened to all Ae leaders in Ghent, and those who encouraged unanimously cried out, " Let him be sought for: we will not have them in their rebellion against their lord. Many others of Ghent any one but him for our governor." "No, no," said Peter du Bois: perished, who I hope were blameless. "we will not send for him: it will be much better we go to his house, When Peter du Bois saw Ghent thus weakened in her captains for we do not at present know how he will take it. We ought not and soldiers, and deserted by her allies; that the principal inhabitants by any means to suffer him to excuse himself from accepting it." began to tire; he suspected they would readily give up the war, but At these words, those present took the road to Philip's house, fol. that, whatever peace or treaty they should enter into with the earl, lowed by many others who had been informed of their intentions. there would not be any possibility for him to save his life. He there- When they arrived there, the lord de Harzelle, Peter du Bois, Peter fore called to his recollection John Lyon, who had been his master, la Nuitee, and about ten or twelve of the principal tradesmen, ad.and with what art he had worked; he saw plainly he could not do dressed him, saying, "That the good town of Ghent was in the everything himself, not having sufficient weight nor knowledge to greatest danger for want of a chief, with whom alliances might be govern the town; neither did he wish for the principal command, formed both at home and abroad, and that all ranks of people in being solely desirous of leading every mad enterprise: he, in con- Ghent had given him their voices and chosen him to be their sovesequence, turned his thoughts to a man, of whom the city of Ghent reign; for the good remembrance of his name, and the love they had not any suspicions, one of sufficient prudence, though his abilities had borne to his father, made him more agreeable to them than any were unknown, for until that day they had not paid any attention to I one else. For which reasons they entreated him affectionately to him: his name was Philip von Artaveld, son of Jacob von Artaveld, take on him the government of the town, with the management of who had ruled over all Flanders for seven years. Peter du Bois had their affairs bolh within and without, and they would swear to him heard it related by his master, John Lyon, and the old people of obedience and loyalty as oompletely as to their lord. They likeGhent, that the whole country was never so well governed, feared, wise engaged to bring every one, how great soever he might be, loved and honored as during the time of Jacob von Artaveld's reign, under his obedience." which lasted for seven years: the inhabitants added, that if Jacob Philip, after hearing everything they had to say, made the followvon Artaveld were alive, things would not be in the state they are ing prudent reply: "Gentlemen, you require great things from me; now in: they should have a peace according to their wishes, and the and I should imagine you have fot weighed the matter so maturely earl would be too happy to forgive them. as it ought to have been, when you offer me the government of These words made an impression on Peter du Bois: he recollected Ghent. You say, the affection your ancestors had for my father that Jacob von Artaveld had left a son called Philip, a handsome and has been your great inducement: when he had performed for them agreeable man, to whom the queen of England, when she was at every service in his power, they murdered him. If I should accept Ghent and during the time of the siege of Tournay, had stood god- the government in the manner you request, and be afterwards mur. mother, and who, from respect to her, had been christened Philip. dered, I shall gain but a miserable recompense." "Philip," said Peter du Bois came one evening to Philip's houtse, who resided with Peter du Bois, who caught at these words which seemed to make his mnotller, maintaining themselves honorably on their rents. Peter, his choice doubtful, "what has passed cannot now be amended: 2F2 -CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. you will act from the advice of your council, and by thus contin- When the king and the above-named lords were made acquaintel ning you will ever be so well advised that all mankind shall praise with the subject of his coming, they seemed to be much pleased you." Philip answered, "I should never wish to act otherwise." and paid him great respect. He delivered his letters to the king, They then elected him; and, conducting him to the market-place, who read them in the presence of his uncles; for you must know he was there sworn into office; the mayors, sheriffs and rulers of the king did nothing without the advice of these uncles, being as companies were also sworn to obey him. that time very young. The knight was questioned, notwithstanding In this manner was Philip von Artaveld made sovereign of Ghent. the letters he had brought With him, on the subject of his coming Hle acquired great popularity at the commencement; for he spoke from Portugal: his answers were prudent and proper, according to to every one who had any business with him politely and prudently, the propositions which have been mentioned before. When tho so that he was beloved by all. He gave a part of the revenues lords had fully heard all he had to say, they said, "Many thanks to which the earl of Flanders had in Ghent as his inheritance to the our fair cousin of Portugal, who, to serve us, has made war on our lord de Harzelle, out of affection to him, and to enable him the bet-. adversary. What he requires is but reasonable, and he shall be tor to support his rank; for he had lost everything he possessed speedily succored. The king will consider in what manner he shali without the walls of the town. arrange this business." No further conversation passed. The for. We will now for a time leave these affairs of Flanders, and speak eign knight, having brought such agreeable tidings to the duke of of those of England and Portugal. Lancaster and earl of Cambridge, was much feasted, and dined with the king. He remained about fifteen days, and until a week before the feast of St. George, with the king and his uncles. Sir CHAP TER LXXI. Robert de Namur was also there, who had come to do homage to the king for what he possessed in England. The parliament was A WAR BETEEN THE INGS OF CASTILLE AND ORTGL. also summoned to meet at Westminster, as well on account of this Yov have before heard related the death of king Henry of Cas- embassy from Portugal as upon the affairs of Scotland, the truce tille, and that his eldest son, don John, was crowned in his stead. between the two countries ending the first of June. His queen also, who was daughter to king Peter of Arragon, was The prelates and barons of England held many councils to con. crowned with him, A war broke out between king Ferdinand of sider this business: they were not for sending the duke of Lancaster Portugal and the king of Castile on certain disputes between them; to Portugal, some saying it was a long sea voyage for him, and that but principally on account of the two daughters of Peter king of they might repent of his going, for the Scots were making great Castille, who were married in England; the eldest, Constance, to preparations to invade England. It was at last determined that the the duke of Lancaster, and Isabella to the earl of Cambridge. The duke of Lancaster, who was well acquainted with Scotland and its king of Portugal declared, that it was unjust and illegal in the king inhabitants, should go to the borders, and learn what were the inten. of Castille to disinherit, without cause, his two cousins; and that it tions of the Scots; for of all the barons of England he knew best was not becoming that two noble ladies of such high birth should how to conduct a treaty, and the Scots would do more for him than be disinherited from their rights: it was also improper that this for any other person. They likewise resolved that the earl of Cam.. affair should become old and forgotten, sd that these ladies would bridge should embark for Portugal with five hundred spears and as never be able to regain their possessions: that for him, who was many archers; and if the duke of Lancaster could manage the Scots, one of the nearest relations they had, he would never consent to it, and, without dishonoring England, conclude a truce for three yeaz, both for the love of God and his desire to maintain justice, to which he might go likewise, if the king approved of it in council, about every good Christian should incline. He sent therefore his defiance August or September, to Portugal to reinforce the army of his brother, to the king of Castille, whom all Spain had crowned; and the king There was another reason why the dulke of Lancaster ought to of Portugal made war upon him for the reasons above mentioned. remain in England: the king had sent eambassadors, with the duke Don John defended himself valiantly, and ordered to the frontiers of Saxony and the archbishop of Ravenna, to the emperor of Ger. and to his garrisons numbers of men-at-arms, to oppose his enemies, many, to demand his sister in marriage and to obtain his answer; so that he lost nothing at the breaking out of hostilities. He had for there had been great negotiations on the subject for upward of a with him some of the ablest and most prudent of French chivalry, year. The bishop of St. David's and sir Simon Burley were the who assisted him greatly by their arms and advice; such as the aembassadors, on the part of England, to assist and bring it to a bbgue de Villaines, sir Peter his son, sir John de Bergettcs, sir Wil. conclusion. liam de Lignac, sir Walter de Puissac, the lord de la Tande, sir The king and his lords agreed to this determination, when the John and sir Tristram de Roye, and many more, who had gone to parliament broke up. Lists were made out of those barons and Spain on the departure of the earl of Buckingham from Brittany; knights who were to accompany the earl of Cambridge to Portugal for the king of France, who had great connections and of a long standing with the king of Castille, had sent them thither. The king of Portugal, on finding this, thought it advisable to send CHAPTER LXXII. embassadors to England to the king and his uncles, to request sue. cors front them, that he might be able to carry on a successful war THE EARL OF CAIBR;DGE SAILS F01 PORTUGAL. THE DUKE OF LAN against the king of Castille. He called to him one of his knights, CASER ES TO THE BORERS OF COTLND, TO AE A TR r, WI~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ATH. G THE:E O~rSo SCOTLSD.O VtE aC a valiant and prudent man, as well as a great lord,' called John Fer. WITH THE SCOTS. rande, and told him his intentions in these words: "John, you will THE duke of Lancaster, having made his preparations, left the carry these credential letters to England. I cannot send thither a king and his brothers. On taking leave of the earl of Cambridge, more able embassador than yourself, nor one who is better informed he swore to him, by his faith, that on his return from Scotland, ha of all my affairs: you will therefore commend me to the king, on would speedily follow him to Portugal, if no hindrance which he presenting these letters, and let him know that I am supporting the could not then foresee happened in England to prevent him. On rights ef my cousins, his aunts, for their inheritance of Castille and this, the duke departed, taking the road to Scotland, and attended Spain; and that I have already waged war against him, who, through only by those of his household. In this parliament, the earl of North. the influence of France, has taken possession of it; but that I am umberland was appointed lieutenant of all Northumberland, the not sufficiently strong in myself, nor have I resources to oppose him, bishopric of Durham, and as much of Wales as to the banks of the nor to conquer such heritages as Castille, Gallicia and Seville. For Severn: he therefore left London for those parts, but it was about which reason, I entreat him to send me his fair uncle the duke of fifteen days after the departure of the duke of Lancaster. Lancaster, with his wife and daughter, my cousins, and a number of' The earl of Cambridge took leave of the king and his brother the men-at-arms and archers. On their arrival hither, we will carry on earl of Buckingham, to complete the forces fbr ithe expedition he had such a war, if it should please God, that we will recover their inher- undertaken to command. He made his rendezvous at Plymoutlh itances." "My lord," replied the knight, " with pleasure will I where he was the first who arrived, bringing with him his lady Isacarry your message." He was not iong before he embarked on bella and his son John, whom he intended carrying with him t0 board a strong vessel fit for the voyage, and sailed from the harbor Portugal. The earl of Cambridge was accompanied by many noble. of Lisbon; when, having favorable winds, he arrived at Plymouth men, such as sir Matthew Gournay constable of the army, the canon the same day and same tide that the earl of Buckingham returned de Robesart, sir John Newcastle, sir William Beauchamp marshal thither, with part of his fleet, from Brittany. of the army, the souldich de!'Estrade, the lord Botreaux, the lord do The English had unfortunately lost at sea three of their ships, full Charlton, sir William Helmon, sir Thomas Symon, sir Nicholas of men and stores, and had been so much separated by contrary Windsor, sir John Carteret and several others. There were also winds, that they arrived, not without great danger, in three different men-at-arms to the amnount of five hundred, and as many archers. ports of England. The earl of Buckingham was rejoiced at the I These lords and their men came to Plymouth, where they quartered arrival of the Portuguese knight, whom he most graciously received. themselves and in the adjoining villages. They loaded their vessels On his inquiring after news, he told him enough,. as well of Spain by little and little; but no horses were to be embarked, as the voyago as of Psrtugal. They continued their journey together until they was too long from England to Lisbon. The Portuguese knight was came to the good city of London, where the king was. On the with them, intending to accompany them to his country. They earl of Buckingharm's arrival, the city of London entertained him remained upward of three weeks on the coast, getting ready their magnificently. He went to Westminster to wait on the king, who provision and stores, and waiting for favorable weather. was there with his two uncles, the duke of Lancaster and the earl of The duke of Lancaster continued his journey toward Scotland Cambridge, and took the knight from Portugal with him, whom he until he came to Berwick, which is the last town in that part of presented to the king and to his brothers. Frngland. When he'arrived there, he halted, and sent a message to CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN. &e. 233 Scotland to acquaint the barons he was come thither to ride the too severely oppressed; that at the beginning of the world there borders, as had always been customary; and, if they were desirous were no slaves, and no one ought to be treated as such, unless he of doiing the same first, they had best inform him of it, otherwise he had committed treason against his lord, as Lucifer had done against well hknew what he was to do. The duke's herald rode to Edin- God: but they had dohe no such thing, for they were neither angels burgh, where king Robert of Scotland, the earl of Douglas, the earl nor spirits, but men formed after the same likeness with their lords, of Mar, the earl of Moray and all the principal barons of Scotland who treated them as beasts. This they would not longe- bear, but were assembled. They had heard the duke of Lancaster was come had determined to be free, and if they labored or did any otirer works to treat with them, and had thus assembled in the chief town of for their lords, they would be paid for it. Scotland, where the herald met them. A crazy priest in the county of Kent, called John Ball, who, for his absurd preaching, had been thrice confined in the......=__ prison of the archbishop of _ _-: -'- - _______:..... Canterbury, was greatly in. ~ 1~~-_:~-~i~ —~-~- __ _;-________________ _ _:- strumental in inflaming them with those ideas. He was A'7 %:- accustomed, every Sunday after mass, as the people were ___. N BALI._ P_______,O,__ coming out of the church, to preach to thems in the market ______________~~lh~~ ~place and assenble a crowd woald say: "Mygood friends, things cannot go on well in 1ig,~~~:i ~~ England, nor ever will until everything shall be in com. mon; when there shall neither be vassal nor lord, and all distinctions levelled; when the lords shall be no more masters than ourselves. How pa';eys. "l'he heraldill they have used us! and for what reason do they thus hold us in bondage? Are we not all descended from the same parents, Adam and remaineN Eve? and what can they show, or what reasons give, why they should be more the masters than ourselves? except, perhaps, in making us labor and work for them to spend. They are clothed in velvets and rich stuffs,* orJoiNm BLL, PREIACLtHING TO THE P:OPLE.-Friom a hMSL. of the 15th century. namented with ermine and C other furs,while we are forced to wear poor cloth. They The herald punctually executed his message. He was favorably have wines, spices, and fine bread, when we have only rye and the listened to, and had a friendly answer from the Scots barons, who refuse of the straw; and, if we drink, it must be water. They said, they would willingly hear what the duke had to propose. The -have handsome seats and manors, when we must brave the wind herald brought back with him passports for the duke and his people, and rain in our labors in the field; but it is from our labor they have to last as long as they should remain on the borders and during the wherewith to support their pomp. We are called slaves; and, if parleys. The herald, having received these assurances, came back we do not perform our services, we are beaten, and we have not to Berwick and related what he had done. Upon this, the duke any sovereign to whom we can complain, or who wishes to hear us departed fioni Berwick, leaving all his stores in that town, and took and do us justice. Let us go to the king, who is ydung, and remonthe road to Roxburgh, where he lay. On the morrow, he was lodged strate with him on our servitude, telling him we must have it other. in the abbey of' Melrose on the Tweed, which divides the two ing- wise, or that we shall find a remedy for it ourselves. if we wait on dorIs of Scotland and England. The duke and his attendants him in a body, all those who come under the appellation of slaves, remained there until the Scots were come to Lambir-law, three or are held in bondage, will follow us, in the hopes of being free. short leagues off. On their arrival, they signified it to the duke, When the king shall see us, we shall obtain a favorable answer, os when immediately negotiations were begun between the Scots and we must then seek ourselves to amend our condition." English, and which lasted for upward of fifteen days. With such words as these did John Ball harangue the people, at his village, every Sunday after mass, for which he was much beloved by them. Some who wished no good declared it was very true, and CHAP TER L XXIIrI. murmuring to each other, as they were going to the fields, on the road from one village to another, or at their different houses, said, l Tan E POSLAC OF Id~GLANO HitBEL AG~INST THE NOBnLITY. c "John Ball preaches such and such things, and he speaks truth." WrLrn these conferences were going forward, there happened in The archbishop of Canterbury, on being informed of this, had England great commotions among the lower ranks of the people, by John Ball arrested, and imprisoned for two or three months by way which England wans near ruined without resource. Never was a of punishment; but it would have been better if he had been con country in such jeopardy as this was at that period, and all through fined during his life, or had been put to death, than to have been the too great corlfort of the commonalty. Rebellion was stirred up, suffered thus to act. The archbishop set him at liberty, for he could i~'s it was formerly done in France by the Jacques Bons-hommes, not for conscience sake have put him to death. The moment John who did much evil, and sore troubled the kingdom of France. It is Ball was out of prison, he returned to his former errors. Numbers marvellous from what a trifle this pestilence raged in England. In in the city of London having heard of his preaching, being envious order that it may serve as an example to mankind, I will speak of all of the rich men and nobility, began to say among themselves, that that was done, from the information I had at the time on the subject. the kingdom was badly governed, and the nobility had seized on all It is customary in England, as well as in several other countries, the gold and silver coin. These wicked Londoners, therefore, began for the nobility to have great privileges over the commonalty, whom to assemble and to rebel: they sent to tell those in the adjoining they keep in bondage; that is to say, they are bound by law and counties, they might come boldly to London, and bring their comc:ustom to plough the lands of gentlemen, to harvest the grain, to panions with them, for they would find the town open to them, and carry it home to the barn, to thrash and winnow it: they are also the comnmonalty in the same way of thinking; that they would press bonod to harvest the hay and carry it home.* All these services the king so much, there should no longer be a slave in England. they are obliged to perform for their lords, and many more in Eng- These promises stirred up those in the counties of Kent, Essex, land than in other countries. The prelates and gentlemen are thus Sussex and Bedford, and the adjoining country, so that they marched served. In the counties of Kent, Essex, Sussex and Bedford, these toward London; and, when they arrived near, they were upward servies are more oppressive than in all the rest of the kingdom. The evil-disposed in these districts began to rise, saying, they were * Lord Berners says "chamlet furred with grise," the skin of the weazle or martism. The word in Froissart is camocas, which D. Sauvage is at a loss to understand, and * And to hew their wood and bring it hoie. —LoRD BERNEtS proposes to alter to eanelos, camlet; thus confirming Lord Berners' translation.-El 364 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &e. of sixty thousand. They had a leader called Wat Tyler, and with must accompany them as their commander in chief, and do what. him were Jack Straw and John Ball: these three were their com- ever they should wish. The knight endeavored to excuse himself, manders, but the principal was Wat Tyler. This Wat had been a and offered good reasons for it, if they had been listened to; but they tiler of houses, a bad man, and a great enemy to the nobility. When said to him, "Sir John, if you will not act as we shall order, you are these wicked people first began to rise, all London, except their a dead man." The knight seeing this outrageous mob ready to kill friends, were very much frightened. The mayor and rich citizens him complied with their request, and very unwillingly put himself al assembled in council, on hearing they were coming to London, and their head. They had acted in a similar manner in the other coun. debated whether they should shut the gates and refuse to admit them; ties of England, in Sussex, Suffblk, Cambridge, Bedford, Stafford. but having well considered, they determined not to do so, as they Warwick and Lincoln, where they forced great lords and knights, should run the risk of having the suburbs burnt.* such as the lord Manley, a great baron, sir Stephen Hales, and sir'I he gates were therefore thrown open, when they entered in Thomas Cossington, to lead and march with them. Now, observe troops of one or +wo hundred, by twenties or thirties, according to how fortunately matters turned out, for had they succeeded in their the populousness of the towns they came from; and as they came intentions they would have destroyed the whole nobility of England: into London they lodged themselves. But it is a truth, that full after this success, the people of other nations would have rebelled, two.thirds of these people knew not what they wanted, nor what taking example from those of Ghent and Flanders, who were in actthey sought for: they followed one another like sheep, or like the ual rebellion against their lord. In this same year the Parisians shepherds of old, who said they were going to conquer the Holy acted a similar part, arming themselves with leaden maces.- They Land, and afterwards accomplished nothing. In such manner did were upward of twent) thousand, as I shall relate when I come to these poor fellows and vassals come to London from distances of a that part of my history; but I will first go on with this rebellion in hundred and sixty leagues,t but the greater part from those counties England. I have mentioned, and on their arrival they demanded to see the When those who had lodged at Rochester had done all they king. The gentlemen of the country, the knights and the squires, wanted, they departed, and crossing the river, came to Dartford, but began to be alarmed when they saw the people thus rise: and, if always following their plan of destroying the houses of lawyers or they were frightened, they had sufficient reason, for less causes create proctors on the right and left of their road. In their way, they cut fear. They began to collect together as well as they could. off several men's heads, and continued their march to Blackheath, The same day that these wicked men of Kent were on their road where they fixed their quarters: they said they were armed for the toward London, the princess of Wales, mother to the king, was king and commons of England. When the citizens of London found returning from a pilgrimage to Canterbury. She ran great risks they were quartered so near them, they closed the gates of Londonfrom them; for these scoundrels attacked her car, and caused much bridge: guards were placed there by orders of sir William Walworth, confusion, which greatly frightened the good lady, lest they should mayor of London, and several rich citizens who were not of their do some violence to her or to her ladies. God, however, preserved party; but there were in the city more than thirty thousand who fa. her from this, and she came in one day from Canterbury to London, vored them. without venturing to make any stop by the way. Her son Richard Those who were at Blackheath had information of this; they sent, was this day in the Tower of London: thither the princess came, therefore, their knight to speak with the king, and to tell him, that and found the king attended by the earl of Salisbury, the archbishop what they were doing was for his service, for the kingdom had been of Canterbury, sir Robert de Namur, the lord de Gommegines, and for several years wretchedly governed, to the great dishonor of the several more, who had kept near his person from suspicions of his realm and to the oppression of the lower ranks of the people, by his subjects who were thus assembling, without knowing what they uncles, by the clergy, and in particular by the archbishop of Canterwanted. This rebellion was well known to be in agitation in the bury, his chancellor, from whom they would have an account of his king's palace, before it broke out and the country people had left ministry. The knight dared not say nor do anything to the contrary, their homes; to which the king applied no remedy, to the great but advancing to the Thames opposite the Tower, he took boat and astonishment of every one. In order that gentlemen and others may crossed over. While the king and those with him in the Tower take example, and correct wicked rebels, I will most amply detail were in great suspense, and anxious to receive some intelligence, the how this business was conducted. knight came on shore: way was made for him, and lie was coniiducted to the king, who was in an apartment with the princess his mother. There were also with the king his two maternal brothers, the earl of CHAPTER LXXIV.. Kent and sir John Holland, the earls of Salisbury, Warwick, Suffolk, the archbishop of Canterbury, the great prior of the Templars in EngTHE POPULACE OF ENGLAND COMMIT MANY CRUELTIES ON THOSE IN OFFI. land, sir Robert de Namur, the lord de Vertain, the lord de Gomme. CIAL SITUATIONS. THEY SEND A KNIGHT AS EMIBASSADOR TO THE KING. gines, sir Henry de Sausselles, the mayor of London and several of ON Monday preceding the feast of the Holy Sacrament, in the the principal citizens. year 1381, did these people sally forth from their homes, to come to Sir John Newtoun, who was well known to them all, for he was London to remonstrate with the king, that all might be made free, for one of the king's officers, cast himself on his knees and said: " My they would not there should be any slaves in England. At Canter- much redoubted lord, do not be displeased with me for the message bury, they met John Ball (who thought he should find there the I am about to deliver to you; for, my dear lord, through force I am archbishop, but he was at London,) Wat Tyler and Jack Straw. come hither." "By no means, sir John, tell us what you are charged On their entrance into Canterbury, they were much feasted by every with: we hold you excused." "My very redoubted lord, the con. one, for the inhabitants were of their way of thinking; and, having mons of your realm send me to you to entreat you would come and held a council, they resolved to march to London, and also to send speak with them on Blackheath. They wish to have no one but emissaries across the Thames to Essex, Suffolk, Bedford, and other yourself; and you need not fear for your person, for they will not do counties, to press the people to march to London on that side, and you the least harm: they always have respected and will respect you thus, as it were, to surround it, which the king would not be able to as their king; but they will tell you many things, which, they say, it prevent. It was their intention that'all the different parties should is necessary you should hear; with which, however, they have not be collected together on the feast of the Holy Sacrament, or on the empowered me to acquaint you. But, dear lord, have the goodness following day. to give me such an answer as may satisfy them, and that they may Those who had come to Canterbury, entered the church of St. be convinced I have really been in your presence; for they have my Thomas, and did much damage: they'pillaged the apartments of the children as hostages for my return, whom they will assuredly put to archbishop, saying as they were carrying off'different articles; "This death, if I do not go back." chancellor of England has had this piece'of furniture very cheap: The king replied, "You shall speedily have an answer." Upon he must now give us an account of the revenues of England, and of this hlie called a council to consider what was to be done. The king the large sums he has levied since the coronation of the king." was advised to say, that if on Thursday they would come down to the After they had defrauded the abbey of St. Vincent, they set off in the river Thames, he would without fail speak with them. Sir John, morning, and all the populace of Canterbury with them, taking the Newtoun, on receiving this answer, was well satisfied therewith, road toward Rpchester. They collected the people from the vil- and, taking leave of the king and barons, departed: having entered tages to the right and left, and marched along like a tempest, de- his boat, he recrossed the Thames, and returned to Blackheath, where stroying every house of an attorney or king's proctor, or that belonged he had left upward of sixty thousand men. He told them from the to the archbishop, sparing none. king, that if they would send on the morrow morning their leaders On their arrival at Rochester, they were much feasted, for the to the: Thames, the king would come and hear what they had to say. people were waiting for them, being of their party. They advanced This answer gave great pleasure, and they were contented with it: to the castle, and seizing a knight called sir John de Newtoun, who they passed the night as well as they could; but you must know that was constable of it and captain of the town,t they told him that he one-fourth of them fasted for want of provision, as they had not brought any with them, at which they were much vexed, as may be * According to Lord Berners and D. Sauvage they did at first shut the gates, but supposed. afte.rwards being in tsar for the suborbs they caused them to be reopened.-En. A alkr~nds elp i f~r or he ububsthe cnse thm t bercpend.-n. At this time, the earl of Buckring~ham was in Wales, where he pos T Lord Berners exactly agrees wiltl D. Sauvage, and difters m:ateriallv in the relation of the dibtance the rebels travelled. Lord Bemerstranslates lienes miles, I apprehend sessed great estates in right of his wife, who was daughter of the correctly. "In lykewise these villains and poor people came to London a hundred earl of Hereford and Northampton; best the common report about myle off. lx myle, 1 myle, xl myle, and xx myle off. and fro' all coontries about Lon- London was, that he favored these people: some assured it for a hlon, but tihe moost part came fro' the countries hefore-named." —ED. ____________________ 4' Joh.n de Newtoun was constable of this castle (Rochester) anno 2king Richard." 0 Lord Berers and D. Sauvage read iron, thougI~ the latter in a note says that thss -Hisrars's Kent, vol. ii. p. 13. Chronicles and Annals of France say ead. —ED CHRONICLES OF ENGLA ND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 285 truth, as having seen him among them, because there was one not to land, but to have his barge rowed up and down the river. Thomas very much resembling him, fiom the county of Cambridge. " What do ye wish for?" demanded the king: " I am come hither As for the English barons who were at Plymouth making prepara- to hear what you have to say." Those near him cried out with one tions for their voyage, they had heard of this rebellion, and that the voice, " We wish thee to land, when we will remonstrate with people were rising in all parts of the kingdom. Fearful lest their thee, and tell thee more at our ease what our wants are." The earl voyage should be prevented, or that the populace, as they had done of Salisbury then replied for the king, and said, " Gentlemen, you at Southampton, Winchelsea and Arundel, should attack them, they are not properly dressed, nor in a fit condition for the king to talk heaved their anchors, and with some difficulty left the harbor, for the with you." wind was against them, and put to sea, where they cast anchor to Nothing more was said; for the king was desired to return to the wait for a wind. Tower of London, from whence he had set out. When the people saw they could obtain nothing more, they were inflamed with passion, and went ____I _______~ ~back to Blackheath, I -I where the main body was, to relate the an. 0 i,~~swer they had received, and how the Ei Till king was returned to the Tower. They all _____rgh and Mel,holing wth he hehadthei opnios, ad, n asemliIn then cried out, " Let us march instantly to was____ iewei rLondon." They im. of__ E n g l a n d. _Notwithstandingthis, he manag~mediately set off, and, in their road thither, they destroyed the andI~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~houses of lawyers, courtiers, and monas. of /ancaster and hisc lteries. Advancing into the suburbs of London, which were very handsome and extensive, they pulled ____,r \ down many fine houses: in particular, they demolished the prison of the king called the Marshalsea, and set at liberty all those con. fined within it. They did much damage to the suburbs, and mnienaced the Londoners at the entrance of the bridge for having shut the gates of it, saying, they would set fire to the suburbs, take the RIcaURD THE SECOND AND THE REBELs.-From a MS. of the 15th Century. city by storm, and af. terwards burn and de. stroy it. The duke of Lancaster was on the borders, between la Morlane, With respect to the common people of London, numbers were of Roxburgh and Melrose, holding conferences with the Scots: he had their opinions, and, on assembling together, said, "n Why will you also received intelligence of this rebellion, and the danger his person refuse admittance to these honest men? They are our friends, and was in, for he well knew he was unpopular with the common people what they are doing is for our good." It was then found necessary of England. Notwithstanding this, he managed his treaty very pru- to open the gates, when crowds rushed in, and ran to those shops dently with the Scotch commissioners, the earl of Douglas, the earl which seemed well stored with provision: if they sought for meat of Moray, the earl of Sutherland, the earl of Mar and Thomas de or drink, it was placed before them, and nothing refused, hut all Vesey. The Scotsmen who were conducting the treaty on the part manner of good cheer offered, in hopes of appeasing them. of the king and the country knew also of the rebellion in England, Their leaders, John Ball, Jack Straw and Wat Tyler, then and how the populace were rising everywhere against the nobility. marched through London, attended by more than twenty thousand They said, that England was shaken and in great danger of being men, to the palace of the Savoy, which is a handsome building on ruined, for which in their treaties they bore the harder on the duke the road to Westminster, situated on the banks of the Thames, beof Lancaster and his council. longing to the duke of Lancaster; they immediately killed the porWe will now return to the commonalty of England, and say how ters, pressed into the house and set it on fire. Not content with they continued in their rebellion, committing this outrage, they went to the house of the knightshospitalers of Rhodes, dedicated to St. John of Mount Carmel, which' they burnt, together with their hospital and church. They afterC H A P T E R L X V. wards paraded the streets, and killed every Fleming they could find) whether in house, church or hospital: not one escaped death. They THE COMMONALTY OF ENGLAND ENTER LONDOON, WHERE THEY COMMIT broke open several houses of the Lombards, taking whatever money NY CRUELTIES AN OUTRAGES. THEY PUT TO DEAT THE AC they could lay their hands on, none daring to oppose them. They BISHOP OF CANTERBURY AND SEVERAL OTHECRS. murdered a rich citizen called Richard Lyon, to whom Wat Tyler ON Corpus Christi day king Richard heard mass, in the tower of had been formerly servant in France; but, having once beaten this London, with all his lords, and afterwards entered his barge, attended varlet, he had not forgotten it, and, having carried his men to his by the earls of Salisbury, Warwick and Suffolk, with other knights. house, ordered his head to be cut off, placed upon a pike, and carlie rowed down the Thames toward Rotherhithe, a manoi belonging ried through the streets of London. Thus did these wicked people: to the crown, where were upward of ten thousand men, who had act like madmen; and, on this Thursday, they did much mischief come from Blackheath to see the king and to speak to him: when to the city of London. they perceived his barge approach, they set up such shouts and cries Toward evening, they fixed their quarters in a square called St. as if all the devils in hell had been in their company. T'hey had Catherine's, before the Tower, declaring they would not depart their knight, sir John Newtoun, with them; for, in case the king had thence until they should obtain from the king everything they wanted, not come and they found he had made a jest of them, they would, and have all their desires satisfied; and the chancellor of England as they had threatened, have cut him to pieces. made to account with them, and show how the great sums which had When the king and his lords saw this crowd of people, and the been raised were expended; menacing, that if he did not render wildmes. of their manner, there was not one among them so bold such an account as was agreeable to them, it would be the worse for and determined but felt alarmed:;he king was advised byhis barons him. Considering the various ills they had done to foreigners, they * "La-Morlame." Larnbir-law. —MAmcrazs stq' Geo. lltust. of Sorlon#. lodged themselves before the Tower. You may easily smmppose what 286 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. a miserable situation the king was in, and those with him; for at On the king's arrival, attended by the barons, hlie found upward times these rebellious fellows hooted as loud as if the devils were in of sixty thousand men assembled from different villages and counties them. of England: he instantly advanced into the midst of them, saying About evening, a council was held in the presence of the king, in a pleasant manner, "My good people, I am your king and your the barons who were in the Tower with him, sir William Walworth lord: what is it you want? and what do you wish to say to, me?" the mayor, and some of the principal citizens, when it was proposed Those who heard him answered, "We wish thou wouldst make us to arm themselves, and during the night to fall upon these wretches free for ever, us, our heirs and our lands, and that we should no who were in the streets and amounted to sixty thousand, while they longer be called slaves, nor held in bondage." The king replied, were asleep and drunk, for then they might be killed like flies, and "I grant your wish: now, therefore, return to your homes and the not one in twenty among them had arms. The citizens were very places whence you came, leaving two or three men from each vil. capable of doing this, for they had secretly received into their houses lage, to whom I will order letters to be given sealed with my seal, their friends and servants, properly prepared to act. Sir Robert which they shall carry back with every demand you have made fully Knolles remained in his house, guarding his property, with more granted: and, in order that you may be the more satisfied, I will than six score companions completely armed, and would have in- direct that my banners shall be sent to every stewardship, castlewick stantly sallied forth. Sir Perducas d'Albreth was also in London at and corporation." These words greatly pleased the novices and that period, and would have been of great service; so that they could well-meaning ones who were there, and knew not what they wanted, have mustered upward of eight thousand men, well armed. But sayig, "It is well said: we do not wish for more." The people fnothing was done; for they were too much afraid of the commonalty were thus quieted, and began to return toward London. of London; and the advisers of the king, the earl of Salisbury and The king added a few words, which pleased them much: "You, others, said to him, "Sir, if you can appease them by fair words, it my good people of Kent, shall have one of my banners; and you will be so much the better, and good-humoredly grant them what also of Essex, Sussex, Bedford, Suffolk, Cambridge, Stafford, anc, they ask; for, should we begin what we cannot go through, we shall Lincoln, shall each of you have one; and I pardon you all for what never be able to recover it: it will be all over with us and our heirs, you have hitherto done; but you must follow my banners, and now and England will be a desert." This council was followed, and the return home on the terms I have mentioned." They unanimously mayor ordered to make no movement. He obeyed, as in reason he replied they would. Thus did this great assembly break up, and ought. In the city of London, with the mayor, there are twelve set out for London. The king instantly emplo /ed upward of thirty sheriffs,* of whom nine were for the king and three for these wicked secretaries, who drew up the letters as fast as they could; and, having people, as it was afterwards discovered, and for which they then paid sealed and delivered them to these people, they departed, and returned dearly. to their own counties. On Friday morning, those lodged in the square before St. Cathe- The principal mischief remained behind: I mean Wat Tyler, Jack rine's, near the Tower, began to make themselves ready; they Straw, and John Ball, who declared, that though the people were shouted much, and said, that if the king would not come out to them, satisfied, they would not thus depart; and they had more than thirty they would attack the Tower, storm it, and slay all in it. The king thousand who were of their mind. They continued in the city, was alarmed at these menaces, and resolved to speak with them; without any wish to have their letters, or the king's seal; but did all he therefore sent orders for them to retire to a handsome meadow at they could to throw the town into such confusion that the lords and Mile-end, where, in the summer, people go to amuse themselves, rich citizens might be murdered, and their houses pillaged and de. and that there the king would grant them their demands. Procla- stroyed. The Londoners suspected this, and kept themselves at mation was made in the king's name for all those who wished to home, with their friends and servants, well armed and prepared, speak with him to go to the above-mentioned place, where he would every one according to his abilities. not fail to meet them. When the people had been appeased at Mile-end Green, and were The commonalty of the different villages began to march thither; setting off for their different towns as speedily as they could receive but all did not go, nor had they the same objects in view, for the the king's letters, king Richard Went to the Wardrobe, where the greater part only wished for the riches and destruction of the nobles, princess was in the greatest fear: he comforted her, as he was very and the plunder of London. This was the principal cause of their able to do, and passed there the night. rebellion, as they.very clearly showed; for when the gates of the I must relate an adventure which happened to these clowns near Tower were thrown open, and the king, attended by his two bro- NIorwich, and to their leader, called William Lister, who was from thers, the earls of Salisbury, of Warwick, of Suffolk, sir Robert de the county of Stafford. On the same day,-these wicked people burnt Namur, the lords de Vertain and de Gommegines, with several the palace of the Savoy, the church and house of St. John, the hosothers, had passed through them, Wat Tyler, Jack Straw and John pital of the Templars, pulled down the prison of Newgate, and set Ball, with upward of four hundred, rushed in by force, and, running at liberty all the prisoners. There were collected numerous bodies from chamberto chamber, found the archbishop of Canterbury, whose from Lincolnshire, Norfolk, and Suffolk, who proceeded on their name was Simon,tf a valiant and wise man, and chancellor of Eng- march toward London, according to the orders they had received, land, who had but just celebrated mass before the king: he was under the direction of Lister. seized by these rascals, and beheaded. The prior of St. John's suf- In their road they stopped near Norwich, and forced every one to fered the same fate, and likewise a Franciscan friar, a doctor of join them, so that none of the commonalty remained behind. The physic, who was attached to the duke of Lancaster, out of spite to reason why they stopped near Norwich was, that the governor of the his master, and also a seijeant-at-arms of the name of John Laige.j town was a knight called sir Robett Salle: h.l was not by birth a They fixed these four heads on long pikes, and had them carried gentleman, but, having acquired great renown for his ability and before them through the streets of London: when they had suffi- courage, king Edward had created him a knight: he was the hand. ciently played with them, they placed themi on London Bridge, as if somest and strongest man in England. Lister and his companions they had been traitors to their king and country. took it into their heads they would make this knight their commander, These scoundrels entered the apartment of the princess, and cut and carry him with them, in order to be the more feared. They sent her bed, which so much terrified her that she fainted, and in this orders to him to come out into the fields to speak with them, or they condition was by her servants and ladies carried to the river-side, would attack and burn the city. The knight, considering it was when she was put into a covered boat, and conveyed to the house much better for him to go to them than that they should commit such called The Wardrobe,~ where she continued that day and night like outrages, mounted his horse, and went out of the town alone, to hear to a woman half dead, until she was comforted by the king her son, what they had to say. When they perceived him coming, they as you shall presently hear. showed him every mark of respect, and courteously entreated him to dismount and talk with them. He did dismount, and committed CHAPTER LXXVI. a great folly: for, when he had so done, having surrounded him, they at first conversed in a friendly way, saying, "Robert, you are THE NOBLES OF ENGLAND ARE IN GREAT DANGER OF BEING N DESTROYED. a knight, and a man of great weight in this country, renowned for THREE OF THE PRINCIPAL LEADERS OF THE REBELS ARE PUNISHED, your valor: yet, notwithstanding all this, we know who you are: AND THE REST SENT BACK TO TEIR OES you are not a gentleman, but the son of a poor mason, just such as ~WiHEN the king was on his way to the place' called Mile-end, ourselves. Do you come with us, as our commander, and we will without London, his two brothers, the earl of Kent and sir John make so great a lord of you that one quarter of England shall be Holland, stole off and galloped from his company, as did also the under your command." lord de Gommegines, not daring to show themselves to the populace The knight, on hearing them thus speak, was exceedingly angry; at Mile-end for fear of their lives.il he would never have consented to such a proposal; and, eyeing them with inflamed looks, answered, " Begone, wicked scoundrels ~ "Twelve sheriffs."-Froissart is mistaken, as there are only two sheriffs and twenty- and false treitors as you are: would you have me desert m issural six aldermen. including the mayor. The aldermen were originally chosen for one year: but, in 1354. "it was ordained lord for such a company of knaves as you? would you have me dis. s.at they should not be removed without some special cause."-STOwa's History sf honor myself? I would much rather you were all hanged, for that Lte,,don. must be your end." On saying this, he attempted to mount his i' Simon de Suobury." —His name was Tibold; but he took the name de Sudbury horse; but, his foot slipping from the stirrup, his horse took fright. fom the place of his birth.' "Laige"-Leg.-tH oLLisoago]. They then shouted out, and cried, "Put him to death." When he The King's Wardro'be was at this time in Carter-lane, Barnard's Castle-ward. For heard this, he let his horse go; and, drawing a handsome Bordeaux fnrther particulars. see Stowe's History (,f London. sword, he began to skirmish, and soon cleared the crowd from about II Lord Berners, who in this agrees with D. Sanvage, says the king sent them away- him that it was a pleasure to see. Some attempted to close! w it ('put them out of his company.")! do not understand why Mr. Johnes has lepr,Mated them as running away priviib. —ED. CHRONICLES OF EN GLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. W rim; but with each stroke he gave, he cut off heads, arms, feet, or this sign, then step forward, and kill every one except the king * bu~ legs. There were none so bold but were afraid; and sir Robert hurt him not, for he is young, and we can do what we please with performed that day marvellous feats of arms. These wretches were him; for, by carrying him with us through England, we shall be upward of forty thousand; they shot and flung at him such things, lords of it without any opposition." There was a doublet-maker of that had he been clothed in steel instead of being unarmed, he must London, called John Tide, who had brought sixty doublets, with have been overpowered: however, he killed twelve of them, besides which some of the clowns had dressed themselves; and on his askmany whom he wounded. At last, he was overthrown, when they ing who was to pay, for he must have for them thirty good marks, cut off his legs and arms, and rent his body in piecemeal. Thus Tyler replied, " Make thyself easy man; thou shalt be well paid ended sir Robert Salle, which was a great pity; and, when the this day: look to me for it: thou hast sufficient security for them." knights and squires in England heard of it, they were much enraged. On saying this, he spurred the horse on which he rode, and, leaving his men, galloped up to the king, and came so near that his horse's head touch. ___ =.....~-~::/_4:=:_ =~:~?~/i~f- -=:::: -~:~::::::- ed the crupper of that of __;_-__-=7... the king. The first words _- - - _________________________=_______ _ __ he said, when he addressed _...___ _ _.._ —— ___________________=- =..._.... the king, were, "King,....________ —. - dost thou see all those men __________________ __ Athere?" " Yes," replied In — t = Hthe king: " why dost thou ask?" "Becausethey are -_______ ~all under my command, ____ _______and have sworn by their faith and loyalty to do whatever I shall order. to Wsm"Very well," said the /_: A king: "I have no objec. In thitidns to it." Tyler, who was only desirous of a riot, I~.N%~ ~ answered, "And thinkest thou, king,that those people and as many more who are in the city, also under my command, ought to depart without having had thy let. ters? Oh no, we will carry them with us." " Why," Smithfield, whre eer Fidyth hrs mrkt s ep. he sor."" wllno,"replied the king, "so it has been ordered, and they will be delivered out one bards, without pifrnhg nhpw hwo u "B ytt" srTlIiafter the other: but, friend, give-rc t g cr h w ec c i ii h at e At w s return to thy companions, and tell them to depart from London: be peace. DEATH OF WAT TYLER.-From a MS. of the Fifteenth Centuryo. ing; W TLR- Century. and these reproable and careful of yourselves, for it is our deterOn the Saturday morning, the king left the Wardrobe, and went1 mination that you shall all of you have your letters by villages and to Westminster, where he and all the lords heard mass in the abbey. towns, as it had been agreed on." In this church, there is a statue of our Lady in a small chapel, that l As the king finished speaking, Wat Tyler, casting his eyes around has many virtues and performs great miracles, in which the kings of him, spied a squire attached to the king's person bearing his sword. England have much faith. The king, having paid his devotions and Tyler mortally hated this squire; formerly they had had words to. made his offerings to this shrine, mounted his horse about nine gether, when the squire ill-treated him. "What, art thou here?" o'clock, as did the barons who were with him. They rode along cried Tyler; "give me thy dagger." "I will not," said the squire: the causeway to return to London; but, when they had gone a little "why should I give it thee?" The king, turning to him, said, way, he turned to a road on the left to go from London. "Give it him, give it him;" which he did, though much against his This day, all the rabble were again assembled, under the conduct will. When Tyler took it, he began to play with it and turn it about of Wat Tyler, Jack Straw, and John Ball, to parley at a place called in his hand, and, again addressing the squire, said, "Give me that Smithfield, where, every Friday, the horse-market is kept. They sword." " I will not," replied the. squire; "for it is the king's amounted to upward of twenty thousand, all of the same sort. Many sword, and thou art not worthy to bear it, who art but a mechanic; more were in the city, breakfasting and drinking Rhenish, Malm- and, if only thou and I were together, thou wouldst not have dared sey and Madeira wines, in taverns and at the houses of the Lon- to say what thou hast for as large a heap of gold as this church." bards, without paying for anything; and happy was he who could "By my troth," answered Tyler, "I will not eat this day before I give them good cheer. Those who were collected in Smithfield had have thy head." At these words, the mayor of London, with about king's banners, which had been given to them the preceding even- twelve more, rode forward, armed under their robes, and, pushing ing; and these reprobates wanted to pillage the city the same day, through the crowd, saw Tyler's manner of behaving: upon which, their leaders saying, "that hitherto they had done nothing. The he said, "' Scoundrel, how dare you thus behave in the presence of pardons which the king has granted will not be of much use to us: the king, and uttewr such words? It is too impudent for such as hut, if we be of the same mind, we shall pillage this large, rich, and thou." The king then began to be enraged, and said to the mayor, powerful town of London, before those from Essex, Suffolk, Cam- "Lay hands on him." bridge, Bedford, Warwick, Reading, Lancashire, Arundel, Guilford, While the king was giving this order, Tyler had addressed the Coventry, Lynne, Lincoln, York, and Durham shall arrive; for they mayor, saying, "Hey, in God's name, what I have said, does it are on the road, and we know for certain that Vaquier* and Lister concern thee? what dost thou mean?" " Truly," replied the mayor, will conduct them hither. If we now plunder the city of the wealth who found himself supported by the king, "does it become such a that is in it, we shall have been beforehand, and shall not repent of stinking rascal as thou art to use such speech in the presence of the so doing; but, if we wait for their arrival, they will wrest it from king, thy natural lord? I will not live a day, if thou pay not for it." us." To this opinionall had agreed, when the king appeared in Upon this, he drew a kind of cimeter* he wore, and struck Tyler sight, attended by sixty horse. He was not thinking of them, but such a blow on the head as felled him to his horse's feet. When he intended to have continued his ride without coming into London: was down, he was surrounded on all sides, so that his men could however, when he came before the abbey of St. Bartholomew, which not see him; and one of the king's squires, called John Standwich,t is in Smithfield, and saw the crowd of people, he stopped, and said immediately leaped from his horse, and, drawing a handsome sword he would not proceed until he knew what they wanted; and, if they which he bore, thrust it into his belly, and thus killed him. were troubled, he would appease them. His men advancing, saw their leader dead, when they cried out, The lords who accompanied him stopped also, as was but right, "They have killed our captain: let us march to them, and slay the since the king had stopped; when Wat Tyler, seeing the king, said whole." On these words, they drew up in a sort of battle-array, to his men, "Here is the king: I will go and speak with him: do each man having his bent bow before him. The king certainly not you stir from hence until I give you a signal." He made a motion with his hand, and added, "When you shall see me make * "Badelaie-" —a short and broad backsword, being toward the point like a Tusklt, cimeter. —CosoaRvE. ~" Valquier"-probably Walker. t "Standwith." Lord Berners calls him Standysehe; Stow. Cavendis. ~ ~o CHRCNICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. h.szarded much by this action, but it turned out fortunate: for, when day.* The news of this was sent through the neighboring counties, Tyler was on the ground, he left his attendants, ordering not one to that those might hear of it who were on their way to Londoo, ac. follow him. He rode up to these rebellious fellows, who were ad- cording to the orders these rebels had sent them: upon which they vancing to revenge their leader's death, and said to them, " Gentle- instantly returned to their homes, without daring to advance farther. men, what are you about? you shall have no other captain but me: I am yur king: remain peaceable." When the greater part of them heard these words, they were quite ashamed, and those in. CHAPTER LXXVII. c,:red to peace began to slip away." The riotous ones kept their ground, and showed symptoms of mischief, and as if they were A TRUCE BETWEEN THE ENGLISH AND SCOTS. THE DUTE OF LANCASTER resolved to do something. REMAINS IN SCOTLAND DURING THE REBELLION IN ENGLAND. The king returned to his lords, and asked them what should next WE will now speak of the truce which the duke of Lancaster, who be dlone. He was advised to make for the fields; for the mayor had remained on the borders of Scotland during the time of this resaid, "that to retreat or fly would be of no avail. It is proper we bellion in England, was negotiating with the earl of Douglas and should act thus, for I reckon that we shall very soon receive assist- other barons on the part of Scotland. The Scots were as well in. ance from London, that is, from our good friends who are prepared formed as the duke of the situation of England, though he did not and armed, with all their servants in their houses." While things take any notice of it to them, but went on with the treaty as if Eng remained in this state, several ran to London, and cried out, "They land were in perfect peace. The business was so ably conducted are killing the king! they are killing the king and our mayor." by the commissioners on each side that a truce was made, for three Upon this alarm, every man of the king's party sallied out toward years, between the two kingdoms. Smithfield, and to the fields whither the king had retreated; and When this treaty was concluded, the lords of the two countrics there were instantly collected from seven to eight thousand men visited each other with much respect. The earl of Douglas said ti in arms. the duke of Lancaster, "My lord, we were well informed of the re Among the first, came sir Robert Knolles and sir Perducas d'Al- bellion of the populace in England, and what peril the kingdom was breth, well attended;* and several of the aldermen, with upward of in from that event: we therefore look on you as a valiant and prudent six hundred men-at..arms, and a powerful man of the city called man, for having so frankly continued your negotiations without ever Nicholas Bramber, the king's draper, bringing with him a large taking the least notice of it; and we offer you, should you think force, who, as they came up, ranged themselves in order, on foot, on them necessary, five or six hundred spears, which you will find each side of' him. The rebels were drawn up opposite them: they ready and at your service." "By my faith," replied the duke,'fair had the king's banners, and showed as if they intended to maintain gentlemen, I thank you much for your gallant offer, which I do not their ground by offering combat. The king created three knights; refuse; but I imagine his majesty must have been so advised that all sir William Walworth, mayor of London, sir John Standwich, and will turn out well. However, I wish to have passports from you, sir Nicholas Bramber. The lords began to converse among them- for myself and people, to go to your country, and reside there, should selves, saying, "What shall we do? We see our enemies, who there be occasion, until all these troubles be appeased." The earls would willingly have murdered us if they had gained the upper of Douglas and Moray, who had full powers from the king, imme. hand." Sir Robert Knolles advised immediately to fall on them, diately complied withhis request. They then took their leave, and and slay them; but the king would not consent, saying, "I will not each party separated: the Scots returned to Edinburgh, and the duke, have you act thus: you shall go and demand from them my banners: with his attendants, to Berwick, thinking to enter the town, where we shall see how they will behave when you make this demand; he had left all his baggage; but sir Matthew Redmayne, the gov. for I will have them by fair or foul means." "It is a good thought," ernor, refused him entrance, and closed the gates against him. He replied the earl of Salisbury. told him he acted by orders from the earl of Northumberland, at that The new knights were therefore sent, who, on approaching, made time lord warden of the county of Northumberland and of all those signs for them not to shoot, as they wished to speak with them. parts, who had forbidden him to open the gates, and that he could do When they had come near enough to be heard, they said, "Now no otherwise. attend: the king orders you to send back his banners, and we hope The duke was much vexed on hearing these words, and thus an. he will have mercy on you." The banners were directly given up, swered, "6How, Matthew Redmayne, is there any one in Northulrt. and brought to the king. It was then ordered, under pain of death, berland greater than I? Who has thus denied my entrance where that all those who had obtained the king's letters should deliver I have left my baggage? from whence come such orders?" "IBy them up. Some did so; but not all. The king, on receiving them, my faith, my lord, my orders are from the king, and what I do is had them torn in their presence. You must know, that from the very much against my will; but do it I must; and I entreat of you, instant when the king's banners were surrendered, these fellows for God's sake, to excuse me, for I am strictly enjoined, on my honor kept no order; but the greater part, throwing their bows to the and life, not to suffer you, or any of your people, to enter this town." ground, took to their heels and returned to London. You may suppose the duke of Lancaster was much astonished and Sir Robert Knolles was in a violent rage that they were not at- enraged at these orders; not so much with the knight, but with those tacked, and the whole of them slain; but the king would not con- who had given them; for when he had been laboring for the good sent to it, saying, he would have ample revenge on them, which in of England, they were so suspicious of him that they had refused truth he afterwards had. him admittance into the first town of England, on his return from Thus did these people disperse, and run away on all sides. The Scotland. He supposed that great fault had been found with him: king, the lords, and the army returned in good array to London, to however, he did not open his thoughts or intentions further, and no their great joy. The king immediately took the road to the Ward- longer pressed the knight. He saw no success could come from it, robe, to visit the princess his mother, who had remained there two for the knight would never have acted as he had done if he had not days and two nights under the greatest fears, as indeed she had had express commands: he therefore changed the subject of convercause. On seeing the king her son, she was mightily rejoiced, and sation, and asked sir Matthew if he had heard any news from Eng. said, "Ha, ha, fair son, what pain and anguish have I not suffered land. HIe answered, " None, except that the country was in confusion, for you this day!" "Certainly, madam," replied the king, "I am and that the king had written to the principal towns, barons and well assured of that; but now rejoice and thank God, for it behooves knights of this country to be ready to come to him the moment he us to praise him, as I have this day regained my inheritance, and should send for them, strictly forbidding, under pain of losing their the kingdom of England, which I had lost." heads, all governors and captains of towns and castles in Northurn. The king remained the whole day with his mother. The lords berland to suffer any one whatever to enter their places; and be retired to their own houses. A proclamation was made through all assured they will punctually obey. But, with regard to the common the streets, that every person who was not an inhabitant of London, people who are in rebellion about London, I know nothing I can and who had not resided there for a whole year, should instantly depend on to relate to you, except that the officers in Suffolk, Lindepart; for that, if there were any found of a contrary description coin, Cambridge, Stafford, Bedford and Norfolk have sent information on Sunday morning at sunrise, they would be arrested as traitors to that the commonalty under their command are very eager affairs the king, and have their heads cut off. After this proclamation had should turn out ill, and that there should be confusion in the ldng. been heard, no one dared to infringe it; but all departed instantly - to their former homes, quite discomfited. John Ball and Jack Straw From the forementioned MS. "This samne week was James Lister taken, who had murdered sir Robert Salle. He were found hidden in an old ruin, thinking to steal away; but this ad twelve others were executed with him. Thus were these traitors punished. There ithey could not do, for they were betrayed by their own men. The are some who say, that John Ball and his accomplices were strictly examined before king and the lords were well pleased with their seizure: their heads they were put to death, and then owned that persons of the highest rank and power vwere cut off, as was that of Tyler, and fixed on London bridge, in had icited them to act as they had done. The king kept this confession secret in his own mind, and returned thanks to God for his happy issue out of this danger. Very the place of th-lose gallant mnen whom they beheaded on the Thurs- ma ny were astonished that the duke of Lancaster, during all this rebellion, remained out of the kingdom, settling general matters rin the borders of Scotland.: In one of my MSS. there is the following addition. " The king sent orders to the earl of Northumnberland. that if the duke of Lancaster "Sir Robert de Namur, sir Robert Knolles, and sir Perducas d'Albreth were very should attempt to enter any fIirtified townu or castle, the gates should be shot against angry that these wicked people so easily escaped, for they had put the town into great him. The king made the earl his lieutenant of all the borders towisrd Scotland. _Many shan' for three days. Sir Henry de Sausselles, a young knight from Hainault who had noiblemei and others were surprised at tlis, for it would seem as if the king suspected accompanied sir tobert de Nmmur, misked why some revenge wias not had for having thle duke of being implicated with tIme rebels. liut it was admitted, on all sidoe, that be kept the town iu sucah alarm. Sir Robert, upon this. asked him if he had been fright- wals inculpated without any grounds; fir the fipst thing tIhe rebels did, on entering Lonened:' Yes, by Curd, u-as I, very much' why should I conceal it? And was not you'' doin, was to march to the palace of the Savoy, and totelly destroy and burn it Now' No. by ml]y trth, I was not; but if tle king hmad not been here with us, we should have thisI did not show that he wsss friendly In to heir cause. They also put to death severa] mn great risk.'" who were attached to hium." CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 285 dom." "And in our counties," said the duke, "of Derby and put into confusion and excited to rise." He was immediately seized, Leicester, there is not any commotion?" "My lord," replied the and hanged; as were seven other.. The letters patent which had knight, "I have not heard they have behaved so outrageously as been granted were demanded back: when they were given up, the those of Lincoln and others." king's officers tore thenm in pieces before their eyes, and cast them The duke, having mused a little, took leave of the knight, and away, and then said, "W e comnand all ye who are here assemhbled, returned by the road he had come to Roxburgh Castle, where he was in the king's name, and under pain of death, to depart, every one gladly received by the governor, whom he had placed there. The peaceably to his own home; and that you never rebel more against duke now weighed all matters, not knowing how affairs were going the king, nor against his ministers. By the punishment which 1ha9 on in England, nor by whom he was beloved or hated, and whether been inflicted, your former evil deeds are pardoned." The people he should signify his situation to the barons of Scotland, and entreat cried out with one voice, "God bless the king and his good council." of them to send him an escort of men-at-arms, according to the pass- They acted in the same manner at Propinke,* Canterbury, Sand. port they had given. He followed this last plan, and sent to the earl wich, Germanie,t Conculle,t and in the different parts of England of Douglas at Dalkeith. The earl was greatly rejoicedat receiving where the people had rebelled; so that upward of fifteen hundred the dukd's letter, and much feasted the messenger. He instantly were beheaded or hanged. informed the earl of Moray and his brother the earl of Mar, of the The king was advised to send for his uncle the duke of Lancaster, business, and directed that without fail they and their men should be then in Scotland, as everything was now quieted. He sent thither ready and mounted within three days at Lambir-law. These lords, a knight of his household, called sir Nicholas Carnefelle. The knight on receiving this intimation, summoned their people and nearest set off, and continued his journey until he came to Edinburgh, where friends, and came to Lambir-law, where they found the earl of he found the duke and his attendants, who were very happy to see Douglas. They then rode on together, amounting, in the whole, to him, and entertained him handsomely. He delivered his credential full five hundred spears, to the abbey of Melrose, nine small leagues letters from the king; and the duke made preparations to obey from Roxburgh. The barons of' Scotland met the duke of Lancaster them, as was right, for he was very desirous to return to England on their road, when they embraced each other, and showed every and to his estates. On setting out for Roxburgh, he took his leave token of being glad at meeting. They continued their journey to of the barons of Scotland, and thanked them for the honor and comEdinburgh in company, conversing all the way. This was the capital fort they had given him, by maintaining him in their country the of the kingdom, and where usually the king resided: it has a strong time he had wished to stay there. The earls of Douglas and Moray, castle and fair harbor; but the king was at that time absent, being with all the Scottish knights, escorted him as far as the abbey of. in the Highlands on a hunting party. To pay greater honor to the Melrose, but did not cross the Tweed. The duke went to Roxburgh, duke of Lancaster, the carl of Douglas and the Scots barons delivered from thence to Newcastle on Tyne, then to Durham and York; and, up to him the castle of Edinburgh, for which he was very thankful: in all the towns and cities through which he passed, the inlhabitants and he resided there until he had received intelligence from Eng. were drawn up to receive him. land, which, however, was not so soon as he wished. At this period a gallant knight of England departed this life, sih Now see how evil-minded persons and deceivers take on them to Guiscard d'Angle, earl of Huntingdon and tutor to the king. He prate without any knowledge of facts. It was commonly reported was buried with great pomp in the church of the Augustin friars. through England, during the time of the rebellion, that the duke of His funeral was attended by the king, the princess his mother,"his. Lancaster had become a traitor to his lord and king, and had turned two brothers, and by great numbers of prelates, barons and ladies of to the Scots party. But this was soon known to be contrary to the England. In truth, the gallant knight was very deserving of it, for. truth: however, these wicked people, in order to stir up the com. he possessed all the virtues which a knight at that time ought to, monalty, and to create confusion in the realm, had spread abroad have: he was gay, loyal, gallant, prudent, secret, generous, bold,, such reports, which were acknowledged at their executions, by Wat determined and enterprising. Thus died sir Guiscard d'Angle. Tyler, Jack Straw, John Ball, Walker and Lister, who had been the chief leaders of the rebels in England, and who had intended to have had five parts of the kingdom under their command. They had a particular hatred to the duke of. Lancaster, as they showed on their ADDITIONS, FRO]M A DIS. IN THE HAFORD LIBRARY entrance into London; for they instantly went and burnt the fine WHEN these first examples bad been made on the leaders of the palace of the Savoy, not leaving an utensil nor beam unburnt. In rebellion in London, St. Alban's, Norwich, Suffolk and Gloucester, addition to this, they had published all over England that he had the king determined to visit the whole of his kingdom, which he hah turned to the side of Scotland; for which, in several parts, they had not done since his coronation. His officers of justice had collected reversed his arms, as if he had been a traitor. This was so severely a body of evidence respecting the late rebellion from the confessions punished that those who had done such things lost their heads. of those who had been beheaded. The king, when he set out, took. We will now relate what vengeance the king of England took on the road toward Canterbury, under a pretext of a pilgrimage to the, his rebellious subjects during the time the duke of Lancaster'was in. shrine of St.'homas of Becket: he was attended by the earls ff Scotland. ____Salisbury, Suffolk and Devonshire, and travelled in grand stray. He. remained two days at Rochester; for Sir John Newtoun, whom, C H A P T E R L X X V III. these wicked people had forced to be their captain, had, by the.JING~ RICHARD JOURNEYS THROUGH ENGLAND FROM TOWN TO TOWN, FUN- king's command, made exact researches after the first instigators of ISHINO THOSE WvuO HAD.BEEN RItNCIFALS OR ACTIVE IN THE LATE this mischief. He hhd found out some of the most culpable, who,, iREBELLiON. THrE DUKE OF LANCASTER. RETURNS FROM SCOTLAND TO without form of law, had their heads cut off and placed on the gates. REBELO.TEDKaFLNCSE EUN RMSOLAND.T EP~~~~~~~NG~~LAND. ~and bridge, and their quarters hung on the gibbet. The king departed from Rochester and came to Ospringe, where four were: AFTER the executions of Tyler, Jack Straw, John Ball, William executed. He came thence to Canterbury; but why should I make, Lister, Walker and several others at London, the people being ap- a long story of it? There were put to death, in the different towns. peased, the king resolved to visit his bailiwicks, castlewicks and and bailiwicks, upward of five hundred rebels; for they were eager stewardships, in order to punish the wicked and to recover the let- in accusing each other. ters of pardon which had been forced from him, as well as to place During this progress of the king, which he continued far into his, thIe realm in its proper situation. The king issued a secret summons realm, several of the great barons, such as the earls of Warwick and. for a certain number of men-at-arms to assemble at a fixed place, on Kent, sir John Holland, sir John Beauchamp, spoke to the king and: a particular day, which was done. They amounted to five hundred to the earl of Salisbury, in favor of the duke of Lancaster; as did spears and as many archers. When they were thus assembled, the also the Londoners. The king readily consented that two knights. king set out from London, attended only by his household, and took should be sent to the duke, for him to return into England and to his.: the road to Kent, for in that quarter the rebellion had first broken out. presence; for that he would not listen to any complaints against8, These men-at-arms followed the king, but did not accompany him. him or his otker uncles. The earl of Northumberland was com.., The king entered the county of Kent, and came to a village called manded to go himself in search of him. Comprinke; when he had the mayor and all the men of the village The two knights journeyed on until they arrived at Newcastle on, called before him. On their being assembled in an open space, the Tyne, where they found the earl of Northumberland. He had beaen,. king ordered one of his council to remonstrate with them, how much informed of their coming, and received them handsomely. They.., they had erred against him, and that they had nearly thrown Eng- produced their letters, when he took from tlhe packet what was ad.. land into desolation and ruin; and because tfis mischief must have dressed to him; and, having read it through, was much pleased with: had some advisers who had encouraged them in their wickedness, the conmnission to seek the duke of Lancaster; for he had heard the and it must be supposed that all were not equally guilty, it was bet- duke was very angry with him. Ite therefore wrote letters of ex.. ter that the ringleaders should suffer than the whole: his majesty cuse; and, when these two barons met, peace was made between, demanded that those should be pointed out who had been so culpa- them. They returned together to England, and found the king ble, under pain of incurring his indignation for ever, and being con- arrived at his manor of Eltham, a few r'les from London. At this Bidered as traitors. time also, the earl of Buckingham came back from Wales, and went When those present heard this harangue, anti saw the innocent to Pleshy, where he resided as formerly. The ki~ng and his umcles might escape by pointing out the guilty, they looked at each other, dissembled their sentiments of each other for souse time; butrat last and then said: "My lord, here is one by whom this town was first it broke out, as you will hear in the continuancel of~ this history. "Comiprinke." It is so in lord Berners. Q. if not Ospringe. See additions at the end of this chapter. * Q. It' n:A RochMteD, t "termsanie." Q. 1t "(Jonculle"' -. 39i0 CHRONIJNi4ES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. especially those vessels in which the Gascons were, such as sir John CHAP T ER L X X I X. de Chateauneuf, the souldich de 1'Estrade, the lord de la Barde, with THE DUKE OF LANCASTER CONCEIVES ANGER AGAINST THE EARL OF NORTH. about forty men-at-arms, knights and squires, who were driven out UIMBERLAND, FOR THE REFUSAL OF ADMITTANCE INTO BERWICR. of sight of the English fleet. of sight of the English fleet. The earl of Cambridge, sir William Beauchamp, marshal of the WHEN the duke of Lancaster was returned from Scotland, and army, sir Matthew Gournay, constable, and the canon de Robesart, had explained to the council tile truce he had negotiated between with others, escaped through good fortune, the bad eftfects of the the two kingdoms, he did not forget to mention how sir Matthew storm, and, sailing by the stars, arrived in the harbor of Lisbon. Redmayne, governor of Berwick (though he blamed not that knight,) News of this was instantly calrried to the king, who was daily ex. had shut the gates of Berwick against him, by orders from the earl pecting the English: he immediately sent his knights and ministers of Northumberland. It was such an act, he said, as he never could to welcome them, by whom they were most respectfully received, forgive; and thus spoke of it, with the intent to see if the king his and the earl of Cambridge, with the English and foreign knights, nephew would own it. This the king did, but it seemed to the duke conducted to the king. The king advanced out of his palace to as if it were faintly. The duke was appeased for that time; but he meet the earl, and received them all most honorably, one after the waited for the feast of our lady at mid-August, when the king was other: he led them to the palace, where wine and spices were set to hold a solemn court at Westminster. There were at this court before them. John of Cambridge, the earl's son, was with him, great numbers of the nobles and barons of England; the earls of which much pleased the king, who said, "He is my son, and shall Northumberland and Nottingham, with many barons from the north. have my daughter." This was very proper, for they were of the The king created, this day, the young earl of Pembroke, sir Robert same age. T'he children were much pleased, and conversed with Mowbray, sir Nicholas Twiford and sir Adam Franeois, knights. He each other arm in arm. did so because he intended, after the feast, to march toward Read. While the king of Portugal and his knights paid every attention ing, Oxford, and through those parts of the country, to punish the rebels to the earl and his companions, and lodged them in the town, the in the same manner as he had done in Rent and the other counties. others, on disembarking, were also well-quartered; for the city of During this feast, and after the dinner, high words passed between Lisbon is large, handsomely built, and well-furnished with every the duke of Lancaster and the earl of Northumberland. The duke thing: the stewards of the household of the king had also been said, "Harry Percy, I did niot think you was so great a man in careful to provide it with all things necessary against the arrival of England, that you would dare to order any cities, towns or castles, the English. They found it, therefore, amply stored; and the lords to be shut against the duke of Lancaster." The earl respectfully were comfortable and in high spirits, though at times they were very answered, "My lord, I do not deny the knight's act at Berwick: uneasy about the lord de Chateauneuf, the souldich de l'Estrade and but I was ordered by strict commands of my lord the king, who sits the lord de la Bardc, and their men, whom they looked upon as lost, there, on my honor and under pain of death, not to suffer any one, or that the tempest had driven them among the Moors in the king. lord or otherwise, to enter the cities, towns or castles of Northum- doms of Granada or Benmarine: if it should have so happened, berland, if he were not an inhabitant of those places; and the king, they might as well have perished at sea. All this gave them great if he please, or the lords of his council, may make my excuses: for concern, and they bitterly lamented them. In truth they were to be they well knew you were in Scotland, and you ought to have been pitied; for they suffered so much in the tempest none ever endured excepted out of these orders." the like and survived it. They were driven through the straits of "How, earl of Northumberland," replied the duke, "do you think the Moors, near to the kingdoms of Benmarine and Tremeqen, and s was necessary there should have been a reservation in regard to were in great danger of being taken by the Saracens; so that they 7jE? who am uncle to the king, and who have my inheritance to considered themselves as dead men, never expecting to land nor to get,gt.EtW, which, next to the king's, is the greatest, and who bfor the into any safe harbor, and they were forty days in this extreme peril.,goo0 of the realm have made this journey into Scotland i Your At last, they had a wind which drove them back again into the:answ{qr does not excuse you from having much wronged my honor, Spanish main, whether they would or not. When the wind became in thus Wving credit to the reports in circulation that I wished to calm, they anchored, and, by good fortune, fell in with two large,commitrte. son with the Scots, by shutting against me the king my ships, going, as the crews said, to Lisbon, from Flanders, laden with Jord'sltojis, send in particular that in which my provision and stores merchandise and wines. These knights tacked about, and, having -wre. For,which reasons I tell you, you have ill behaved; and for hoisted their pennons, followed the Lisbon ships, who having only the blame y3ou have thus cast on me, and to clear myself in the pres- merchants on board, were not perfectly easy on seeing this arimed,epog of my lord ii4e king, I throw down my glove: take it up if you vessel approach, with the banners of St. George displayed in various dare,2' Upontbliis,the king stepped forth and said, "Fair uncle of parts of it. However, when they came nearer, finding who they'Lane3 er, wha-4tevqr has been done I avow as my orders. Take up were, they rejoiced to see them. These merchants put the knights your gioye, and recal ~our words. I must excuse the earl of North- once more in great peril, and I will tell you how. umboerland; for tltiotly, and on his life, did we order him to keep The knights inquired if they could give them anyintelligence; every boay. close slut that was on the borders of Scotland: and and they, in answer, said, that the king of Portugal and the English,know, tha our kingdom was in' such confusion and peril, when you were in Spain, and had besieged the king of Castille. They were were in those parts, thamt it could not support itself. It must, there- delighted with this news, and declared they would go thither, as they,fore, have be.n through the fault of the secretary, or the neglect of were now near the shores of Seville. They then left the wine-mer. *eur council; for, inmtruth, you ought to have been excepted. I there- chants, and ordered their mariners to make sail for Seville, as their:fore beg of you, and wil,, that you lay aside your ill-humor: I take friends were there at the siege. They answered, "In God's name, 11 on myself, and, clear the earl of Northumberland." will we obey you;" and, having steered for Seville, came very near The earls of A.rundel, Salisbury, Suffolk, Stafford and Devonshire, the harbor. The sailors, who were prudent and wished not to run,east themselves on:their'knees to the duke, and said, "My lord, their masters into any danger, ordered a boy to climb the mast, and,you hear how amicably the king speaks to you: you ought to con. see if there was any appearance of a siege, either by land or water, descend to what he requests."' The duke, who was much inflamed, before Seville. The boy, who had a good sight, answered he saw said, "' I will not say more about it:" He was silent a short space, nothing like it. The sailors then, addressing their lords, said, "Lis. when, raising the barons, and thankilng them, he said: "Fair gen- ten, fair gentlemen: you have had false information, for certainly;iemen, there is not one of you, if such an affront had happened to there is not any siege before Seville, either by land or water: had,him, who would not have been as much angered as I am; but since there been any appearance of it the harbor would have shown it. 1~e king wishes otherwise, it is but right that I should comply." We have no occasion to go thiiher, unless we wish to be made pris.,Peace was made between the duke of Lancaster and the earl' of oners; for the king of Castille is surely there, as it is a city in which:Northumbeirland by means of the king and the barons, who inter- he delights to dwell preferably to any other." The sailors were ceded for it. On the second day, the king began to journey, ac with difficulty believed: however, they were so at last, when, quit-,before, mentioned, attended by -five hundred spears, and as many ting the coast of Seville, they entered the sea of Portugal, and:archers, through different counties, where he executed justice on the arrived in the port of Lisbon precisely at the very hour when their,rn-intentioned and on those who had rebelled against him. obsequies were performing in the church of St. Catherine at Lisbon. We will now leavethe; king of England, and'speak of his uncle, The barons and knights were all clothed in black, for they con. tjhe earl of Cambridge,.an'd of his voyage to Portugal. sidered them as having perished at sea. You may suppose the was great when they learned their safe arrival, and that they escaped shipwreck. They enjoyed themselves much together, ZC.H A P T E R L x x x. the Gascon knights soon forgot their misfortunes. We will leave the affairs of Portugal, as no deeds of arms';HE EARL OF CAMBRIIffaE AND HIS ARMY ARRIVE AT LISBON. NE6HE ~EA&RL OF CAMBRIDGE AND MIS ARIMY ARRIVE AT LISBON. done, and return to Flanders, and say what happened there at'lOt have before heard how the earl of Cambridge, with five period. ~undred men-at-arms and as many archers, were lying in the harbor i of';Elymozthl, waiting for a wind to carry them to Portugal. At last, CHAPTER LXXXI..:afavora'blewind came, when they heaved their anchors, and the:,vh0le fleei:made sail as straight as they could for Lisbon. They THE EARL OF FLANDEES AGAIN LAYS SIEGE TO GHEre. reoas.ted,:the first two days, the shores of England: on the third, WHILE the affairs you have heard were passing in England, there'hhey;ent.ered the Spanish main, when they had a very severe gale; was no intermission in the wars which the earl of Flanders wag mxscmmn h th t the fleet was in great (hanger from the tempest, more I calry-_ng on against Ghent,.and which those citizens waged ag,-2st CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 91 him. You know that Philip von Artaveld was chosen commander town. They were armed with long pikes. Some said, this ambus. in Ghont, through the recommendation of Peter du Bois, who cade was formed of the greater part of those who had fled from advised him, when in office, to become cruel and wicked to be the Grammont, in the hope of surrounding and making prisoner the more feared. Philip did not forget this doctrine, for he had not long lord d'Anghien, in revenge for the mischief he had done thenm. been governor of Ghent before he had twelve persons beheaded in They krew him to be young, courageous and apt to venture himself his presence: some said, they were those who had been principally foolishly, which gave them hopes of the success they had. It was concerned in the murder of his father, and thus he revenged himself unfortunate for him, as well as for those who accompanied him. on them. The lord d'Anghien and his company were quite off their guard, Philip von Artaveld began his reign with great power, and made when they found themselves surrounded by the Ghent men, who himself beloved and feared by imany, more especially by those who advanced boldly up, crying out, "Surrender, or you are all dead followed the profession of arms: for, to gain their favor, he refused men:" the lord d'Anghien, perceiving his situation, asked advice them nothing; everything was abandoned to them. I may be from the lord de Montigny, who was beside him: he replied, "Sir, asked how the Ghent men were able to carry on this war; and I it is too late: let us defend ourselves, and sell our lives as dearly as will answer to the best of my ability, according to the information we can: there is nothing else to do, and we have not a moment for I received. They were firmly united among themselves, and main- delay." tained the poor, each according to his means: thus, by being so The knights then made the sign of the cross, and recommending firmly united, they were of great force: besides, Ghent, taken all themselves to God and St. George, dashed among their enemies; together, is one of the strongest towns in thb world, provided Bra- for they could noways retreat, being in the midst of their ambuscade. bant, Zealand, and Holland, be not agair.n it; but, in case these They behaved very gallantly, and did everything that could be done countries were leagued with Flanders, tb-y would be shut up, sur- in arms; but they were out-numbered by their opponents, who, rounded and starved. These three conitries, however, were never having long pikes, gave such strokes as were but too mortal, as thke their enemies; so that their warfare with the earl of Flanders was event showed. The lord d'Anghien was slain; as were the bastard more strenuously carried on, and longer continued. At the comrn- d'Anghier. his brother, and Julien de Toisson by his side. Other mencement of Philip von Artaveld's government, the deacon of the valiant',nights from Hainault, such as the lords de Montigny and weavers was accused of treason. He was arrested and committed de St. hristopher, suffered similar fates. Sir Michael de la Ha. to prison. In order to know the truth of the accusation, his house meid, was severely wounded, and would certainly have lost his life, was searched, wherein was found some saltpetre in powder.* The if P.Ftin Donay had not saved him by dint of arms and prudence: deacon was beheaded, and dragged through the town by the shoul- he nad great difficulty in doing it. ders, for a traitor, and to serve as an example to others. While the Flemings were employed in pillaging and disarming The earl of Flanders resolved to lay siege again to Ghent: he these knights, to convey them into Ghent, where it was known they therefore issued his summons to a number of knights and squires, had slain the lord d'Anghien, which gave them great joy, Hutin and to the inhabitants of the principal towns. He sent to Mechlin, Donay, seeing no hopes of succor, carried sir Michael de la IlHafrom whence he had many men. He wrote to his cousins, sir meide out of the crowd and danger. Such was the end of this Robert, and sir William de Namur, at that time count d'Artois, unfortunate day to the lord d'Anghien. Yeu may well suppose the the countess, his mother, being lately dead, who brought a number earl of Flanders was much grieved at it: indeed, he showed it of knights from Artois. In this summons, the lord de Dampierre plainly; for, out of his affection to him, he raised the siege of Ghent. was not forgotten: he came to offer his services, with as many as The earl could not forget him, but regretted his loss; saying, "Ah, he could collect, and was handsomely attended by knights and Walter, Walter,-my fair son, how unfortunate hast thou been, to be squires from Hainault. The earl advanced to invest Ghent, on the thus cut off in thy youth. I wish every one to know, that the side toward Bruges and Hainault. During the time it lasted, there Ghent men shall never have peace with me until I have greatly were many skirmishes; and the Ghent men made firequent sallies in revenged myself." Things remained in this situation, when he sent search of adventures, in which sometimes they were repulsed, at to demand the body of the lord d'Anghien, which they had carried others they conquered. But the person who gained the greatest into Ghent to please the town; but they refused to deliver it up renown was the young lord d'Anghien: all the young knights until they should be paid a thousand francs in hard cash. They desirous of glory cheerfully followed his banners. divided this booty between them, when the body was conveyed to the The lord d"Anghien marched with full pour thousand mu n, well army, and from thence to Anghien, of which town he was the lord. mounted, without counting those on foot, to besiege Granmont, which was attached to Ghent: he had before harassed them much, but could not win it. This time, however, he came in greater force, C H A P T E R L X X X I I. and, on a Sunday, had it stormed at upward of forty places: he TE EARL OF FLANDERS RAISES TE SIEGE OF GENT. WO RICH CITI did not spare himself, but was one of the most active, and the first ZENS, ESROUS OF NEGOTIATING A PEACE BETWEEN THE EARL AND who placed his banner on the walls. This attack was so sharp and THTONAR TTODTHB PETEHEBI ND J O well ~ought that, about four in the afternoon, the town was taken, TOWN, RE PUT TO DEATH BY PETER DU 30 ND HILP O and the troops of the lord d'Anghien entered it through the gates, which had been destroyed. When the inhabitants saw their town OUT of affection,o the lord d'Anghien, the siege of Ghlent was was lost without hope of recovery, all that could escape did so raised, and the ear returned to Bruges. He then dismissed his through those gates where there were no enemies; but few were so army, ordering it to the different garrisons in Flanders, and to the fortunate. The slaughter was very great of melt, women and chil- castles of Gavre, Oudenarde, Dendremonde, Courtray, and every dren, for to none was shown mercy. There were upward of five place near to Ghent. The earl requested the Liegeois not to con. hundred of the inhabitants killed, and numbers of old people and tinue sending stores and provision to Ghent as they had done. The women burnt in their beds, which was much to be lamented. The men of Liege returned a haughty answer to the messengers, saying town was set on fire at more than two hundred places, which they would consult with those of St. Tron, Huy, and Dinant, how reduced the whole to ashes, churches and all: nothing remained to act. The earl sent to his cousins the duke of Brabant and duke entire. Albert, and to the bailiffs of Hainault, Holland, and Zealand, special Thus did Grammont suffer, by fire and flame; and the lord embassadors, chosen from among his principal counsellors, to remond'Anghien, after this exploit, returned to the army before Ghent. strate with them touching the conduct of the town of Ghent, which The earl of Flanders was much pleased when he heard it, and said, still continued in its rebellion, chiefly owing to the provision and "Fair son, you are a valiant man, and, if it please God, will be a stores which it received from their countries, and to request that a gallant knight, for you have made a handsotne commencement." stop might be put to it. During this destruction of Grammont, which happened on a Sunday These two lords would have been very sorry to do anything in the month of June, the siege of Ghent still conitinued. The lord which might displease the earl: they excused themselves handd'Anghien, whose name was Walter, was there, but never rested somely, saying, that until that moment they were ignorant of it, but long in his quarters: he was every day out in search of adventures, that henceforward they would issue such orders that it should be at times well accompanied, at others so thinly that hlie was unable discontinued. This answer was agreeable to the earl of Flanders. to prosecute his plans. Some adventures, however; daily befel him Duke Albert, who at that time resided in Holland, wrote to his baior the Haze of Flanders. liff in Ilainsult, sir Simon de Lalain, inclosing him a copy of the One Thursday morning the lord d'Anghien left his quarters, in letter from the earl of Flanders, adding his positive commands company with the lord de Montigny, sir Michael de la Hameide his against any provision or stores being furnished Ghent from Hainault, cousin, his brother the bastard d'Anghien, Julien de Toisson, Hutin or any other thing to be done which might displease his cousin the Donay, aid several more of his household, in order to skirmish earl, under pain of his highest displeasure. The bailiff issued a before Ghent as they had formerly done: they this time advanced proclamation through Hainault, forbidding any provisions to be car. so far that they suffered for it, for those of Ghent had placed in ried to Gheat. A similar proclamation was made in Brabant: so ambuscade more than two hundred men beyond the walls of the that none dared to go to Ghent but privately, which much surprised the iuhabitants; for provision began to be very scarce, and there *Lord Berners, who agrees with D. Sauvage, here adds, "wokerewitk lekhaddoae would have been a famine, if the Hollanders had not assisted them: no help to the towa at siege no oter kwise of all the hole year passed." This explains an act of friendship which they would not be restrained from doing his crime, tbr the mere possession of saltpetre could not be treason. It is prohahe that by anly injunctions that duke Albert could lay on them. this powder of saltpetre, as Lord Derners has it, (not saltpetre is powder) was u Anpowder, which the cunning deacon had concealed to moake the greater profit when the About this period, through the means of the counsels of Brabant, uupply of that scarce commodity should run short. —E Hainsuit, and Liege, there was a great assembly appointed te!m 292 C HRO NICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. kolden at Harlebecque, near Courtray: the men of Ghent sent The ensuing morning, at nine o'clock, the mayor, sheriffs, and thither twelve of their principal inhabitants, who had in general rich men of the city, came to the market-place and entered the town. shown themselves desirous of peace, whatever it might cost them hall: then came those who had been at the conferences at Harle, from the populace that sought only confusion. All the magistrates becque; and last came Peter du Bois and Philip von Artaveld, well of the chief towns in Flanders were at Harlebecque, even the earl attended by those of their party. When t.hey were all assembled himseif; and there were some also from Liege, Hainault, and Bra- and seated for every one who chose it sat down, they found the bant. Matters were so ably conducted, that the deputies from Ghent lord de Harzelles was not present: they sent to him, but he excused returned home with propositions for a peace. It happened that those himself by saying he could not come, for he was unwell: "Proceed," inha.bitants who wished for an end of the war, namely, the prudent and quiet ones, went to the houses of the deputies who had been at this conference, and who were two of the richest and i e I'f i i most peaceable citizens, such as sir. brought. Thed discovered themselves o q I ill people, we shall have,"if it please God, frm;ihe an excellent peace for those who are I hl Nr well inclined and wish for quiet; and Sio r some of the wicked ones.in the to wn ic * an w will be punished.' bi/ /J It is cominonly said, i, if th re those who talk, there are taos who. m li liI,,,i act. Peter du Bois, not thinking his "ole het o h w ha life in safety, had spies everywhere to give him intelligence. Sonme of them i s 4 broulht him tlhe reports of the tow tn, respecting a peace, and assured bin b an p the words care from sir Guisebert Pee Gente and sir Symon Bete. Peter, on hearing this, uw;as like ai madman, and applying them to himself, said, " If any are to be punished for this war, I shall not be one of the last; but it Shall not go thus Our gentlemen who fhave been at the conference may think. what they will, but I have no desire to die yet. The war has not lasted half so long as I intend it shall; and my good masters John Lyon and Wiliiam Craffort, have not hitherto been' sufficiently avenged. If the affairs'= be now in confusion, I will trouble them still more." CIrIZENS OF GiiENT begging a Peace of the Earl of Flanders.-From a MS. Froissart of the Fifteenth Century. Peter du Bois was as good as his word, and I will show how. That same evening, the morrow of which the council were to meet in cried )ut Peter du Bois; "I will answer for him, and we are full the council chamber, to hear the report of the deputies, he came enough: let us hear what these gentlemen have brought from the to the house of Philip yon Artaveld, and found liim musing and conferences at Harlebecque." thoughtful, leaning againset a wind ow of his apartment. The first Upon this, Guisebert Gente and Simon Bete rose up, as being the word. he uttered was, "Philip, have you heard any news?" " None," principal deputies; when one of them spoke thus: "Gentlemen of replied Philip, " except that our deputies are returned from the con- Ghent, we have attended the conferences at Harlebecque; and we ference at Harlebecque, and that to-morrow we are to hear in the have had much labor and difficulty, in conjunction with the good council-chamber what they have done." "That is true," answered mthen of Brabant, Liege, and Hainault, in making up our disputes Peter; " but I know what they have done, and the terms of the with the earl our lord. However, at the entreaty of the duke and, treaty; for they have opened themselves to some of my friends. duchess of Brabant, who had sent thither their council, as well as Be assured, Philip, that our heads will pay for all the treaties they duke Albert, the good town of Ghent is at peace with the earl, on make, or have oade; for there will not be any peace between my condition that two hundred men-at-arms, whose names he will send lord and the town, but that you, the lord de Harzelles, myself, and within fifteen days in writing, shall surrender themselves to his prison all the captains our allies in this war, will be first put to death, and in the castle of Lille, to his pure will: he is so noble and generous the rich citizens pardoned. They wish to free themselves by deliv- that lie will show them mercy and pardon." At these words, Peter ering s up; and this was the opinionll of John Lyon, my master. du Bois advanced, and said, "Guisebert, how have you dared te Besides, the earl, our lord, has his base flatterers always with him; enter into any treaty that should put two hundred men-'t-arms into such as Gilbert Matthew and his brothers, the provost of Harle. any of the enemy's prisons? Ghent would be indeed disgraced, and becque, who is their relation, and the deacon of the small crafts who better would it be for it, if completely overturned, than to be refled away with them. It therefore behooves us to consider awhile proached for having so scandalously concluded the war. We know on this business." well among ourselves, and understand that neither you nor Simon " How shall we act?" asked Philip. "I will tell you," replied Bete will be of the two hundred. You have made your own choice; Peter: " we must send orders to all our leaders and captains, to be but we shall carve and cut out for ourselves. Advance, Philip, on ready armed, anrid in the market-place to-morrow, and to keep near these traitors, who want to betray and dishonor the town of Ghent." us: when we will enter the council-chamber, with a hundred of our men, to hear the treaty red. Leave me to manage the rest; ere in the hall what tidynyes they haue brought.''That is true,' cquoth Peter,'but I but only avow what I shall say; for whoever wishes to preserve his irnowe allready what wayes they taue takten and purpose to takte. For suche as innue life and power with the comnmonalty, if he do not make himself teen there tathi shewed itto soie of miy frenides. Certayniely. Phiiyppe, the trestie that feared, does nothing." Philip willingly assented; and then Peter they iate tinade, at:d woldemakte, lyethi onthe iieoprdyofourhees, fior if there be peace du Bois, taking his leave, departed. He instantly sent his servants traken betwene the erle and this towne, knowe for troothe that you and I, and the lord duBostaking hisleavedeparted. He instantlysenthisservants of i-arsel's, and all such captaints as haue ayded us in thIis wane, shall be the first that and scouts to the different captains under him, to order them and shllrt dye, and the rich men shall go quite. They will bring us into daunger anrd gee their men to be in thu market-place on the next day, well armed, to ithermselibt firee; and this was euer the opinion of Joian iLyon my i niter. Aslwyes hear the news. They all obeyed, for none dared to refuse, and ire erie haith tirese rmarrrrosettes about hio, as Gylbert Mayhew and his bretherne, and the prouost of Hnrlequebeoqne, is~o ds of the l ynage ef the aldrrman of the resas Wer,; ready for any mischief.* rcarftes who fled away with them. W'e ought wysely to take on this mater and to see wirhat were best to do.' Philorppe, answered and saryd,'Peter, I shall shewe you my * Lord Beriers relates this conversation a little differently. According to his version, mynrie. Let is giue itowledge of this to all our aldermen and capitaynos tiat they be the plan of action was arranged by Philip von Artaveld, not by Peter du Boes. "The to-moro.we all redy apairled in the nmrket-place; and then let is two entre ileto the eame proper euenyng that the counsayle shuide hiue ben the next day in the counsayle- hall with a hundred with us to here the content of tire troatie, and then let me alone, so hall, there to hear reported the treatie that was taken at Harlequebecque, Peter de Boyse ye wyi! auowe m:~ dede and abyde puissantly by me, for without we be feared among eame the same euenyng to Philyppe Dartuel's house, and found him in his chrrmbre ly- tire commons it is nothing.' And so they agreed. Then Peter de Boyse departed and esge m a wyndowe musynge and studyeng. And the first worde re spoke, he sryd, sende to ali the rulers and capitaynes under hym, commaunding them and all their mere'Pi'ilyppe tartuel, here yorr niry tidyiryes F''Nay, trulye,' quothlre,'but that I here th, ie reoy ini tire niorirynge in tire market-place to here tidyngee. They all obeyed, they ualt our men are returned fro the counsayle at Itarlequebecque, and to-morrow weshall drurste rio noine otirerwise: anrt also they were euer ready to do yuell." —F, CHRON 0 ES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 293 On saying this, Peter du Bois drew his dagger, and, coming up to I manner?" demanded the lord de Coucy. "We will pay certain Guisebert, struck him into the belly, so that he fell down dead. sums into the hands of a proper receiver every week, to assist with Philip drew also his dagger, and with it struck Symon Bete and slew the other cities and towns in France in the payment of thle soldiers him. They then began to cry out " Treason, treason!" They had and men-at-arms." "rAnd what sum are you willing to pay weekly?" their partisans all round about them, so that many of the richest and "Such a sum," replied the Parisians, "as we shall agree upon." greatest men in the town dissembled, to save their lives. At that The lord de Coucy managed them so well, by handsome speeches, time only those two were killed; but to satisfy the people, and to that they consented to tax themselves, and pay weekly into the turn the affair to their advantage, they sent their scouts to cry hands of a receiver whom they would appoint ten thousand florins. through the town, that Guisebert and sir Symon Bete, like false Upon this, the lord de Coucy left them and returned to Meaux in traitors, wanted to betray the good town of Ghent. Thus the mat- Brie, to lay before the king and his uncles the propositions they had ter ended: the dead were dead; and no one was called to any made. account for it, nor any penalty exacted. When the earl of Flanders, The king was advised to accept this offer of the Parisians, as the who was at Bruges, heard of this, he was sorely enraged, and said, best thing he could do; for from this beginning, though small, all " At the entreaties of my cousins of Brabant and Hailault, I too the other towns would follow the example, and when times should easily acceded to their wishes of making peace with Ghent, and alter they might then change their nmeasures. The lord de Coucy more than once have they, in return, thus acted: but I will have returned to Paris, and brought with him the king's pardon to the them know, they shall never have peace, until I have had given up Parisians, on condition of their observing the propositions they had to me such a number of the inhabitants as will satisfy me." ma:. This they promised, and appointed a receiver, to whom was In this manner were slain two valiant and rich men in the town of paid, every week, the:Jixed sum in florins; but it was not to be car. Ghent, for having acted according to the intentions of many of their ried from Paris, except for the payment of those men-at.arms who fellow-citizens. Each of them had for his patrimony two thousand should be in actual service, and neither the king nor his uncles were firancs of yearly revenue. They were much pitied in secret; but to have any concern with it, nor was it to be otherwise employed. no one dared to do so publicly, unless he wished to lose his life. Affairs remained thus for some little time, and the Parisians were Things remained in this state, and the war was more bitter than quiet: but the king did not return to Paris, which much displeased before. The garrisons round Ghent were night and day in the field, the inhabitants. so that no provision could enter the town. The Brabanters and Rouen likewise was in a state of rebellion, and from the same Hainaulters were afraid of venturing themselves; for, whenever cause: the populace rose, killed the king's governor and all those they'Nwere met by the earl's men, the best that could befal them was who had any concern in the collecting or valuing these taxes. The the slaughter of their horses, sending them prisoners to Dendre- king, on hearing this, during his residence at Meaux, was much monde or to Oudenarde, or making them pay ransom. By these angered, and his council were doubtful if all the other towns would means, the victuallers were afraid to risk bringing supplies to the not follow this example. The king was advised to march to Rouen, town. which he did, and appeased the commonalty, who were very riot. ous. He also pardoned the death of the governor, and whatever ~~CHAPTER LXXXIII. ~ else they had done. They appointed a receiver from among them. CH PTER X' selves, to whom they were to paya certain sum in florins, every AN INSURRECTION IN PATIS, ON ACCOUNT OF TIIE INTENDED TAXES. THE week; and, on this being settled, they continued quiet. Now reLORD DE COUCY APPEASES IT. THE DUKE OF ANJOU MAKES PREFARA- mark the great evils that were beginning to disturb France: all tool TIONS FOR HIS JOURNEY TO NAPLES. rise from the conduct of the men of Ghent; for the common people AT this period, the Parisians rose up in rebellion against the king said everywhere publicly, they were good men, who so valiantly nd his council, because they wanted to introduce generally through maintained their liberties, and for which they ought to be loved and honored by the whole world. the kingdom thse taxes, impositions, and excises which had been hooed byu theu, whole had a great desire toworld. raised during the reign of king Charles, father of the present king. We will return to the duke of Awhjo, who had a great desire to The Parisians opposed them, by saying, the king of happy memory isit the ingdom of Naples, of which he siged himself king, as had acquitted them from these payments during his lifetime, and ell as of Sicily, and duke of a Puglia id Clabia; for pope h~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~elas fScladdk fl ulaad Calementfr op that the present king had confirmed this grant at his coronation at Clement had invested him with them, by virtue of tie deed which Rheims. The young king and his council quitted Paris, and went the queen of Naples had given to him. The duke of Arjou was to reside at Meaux in Brie. No sooner had the king left Paris than prudent, of a warm imagiation, bold and enterprising: be plainly ntprudent, of a warm imagination, bold and enterprising: he plainly the inhabitants rose, and, having armed themselves, slew all who had perceved, that according to the establishent he hd supported been assisting in proposing or collecting these taxes. They broke hitherto, and which he would have been sorry to have lessened, he hihro n hc ewouldhv been poorr lordi France, ulessheshudcnqed, suherc into the prisons and different houses in the town, taking whatever would be a poor lord in France, unless he should conquer such rich they could find. They went to the palace of the bishop of Paris, and noble heritages as the two kingdoms of Naples aid Sicily, and and, having broken open his prisons, set at liberty Hugh Aubriot the duchies of la Puglia, and Calabria, as well as the county of who had been governor-general of the police during king Charles's Povence. They would come to him very opprtunely; for thse reign, and had beer condemned to the dungeons for several bad countries of which he called himself lord, by virtue of the gift made actions which he had done or consented to, many of which were him, abounded in all sorts of wealth. He was therefore occupied deserving the stake: tm this man the mob gave liberty, which he day and night in devising means to perform this jouney; he wei: day and night in devising means to perform this journey; he we'" owed solely to their insurrection. He immediately set out from adanmru o fmna-rst eittoewomgtws owed solely to their inaurrcction. He immediately set out from iknew he could never accomplish it without a large sum of money Paris, for fear of being retaken, and went into Burgundy, whence he d eous body of men-atrms to esist tose who might wisl came, and related to his fiends his adventurs. to oppose him. The duke, in consequence, amassed so great a quan. The Parisians, during their rebellion, committed many outrages;, The Parisians, during their rebellion, committed many outrages- tity of money, under pretence of this journey, that it was marvellous but fortunately it was not general: had it been so, affairs would have to behold; and he ept the Parisinrs in as good husor as he could, oeen bad indeed. The king resided all this time at Meaux, attended f e knew there were in aris large epoits of cash, of which he by his uncles of Arjou, Berry and Burgundy, who were much got the greater part, and sent it to the earl of Savoy, in whom he had alarmed arid vexed at this rebellion. They resolved to send the great confidence; adding, that on his arrival in Savoy, he would lord de Coucy, who was a prudent knight, to tremake arrangements by which there should be regular payment for a deavor to appease them; for he knew better how to manage them thousand spears or more, for one whole year. The earl of Savoy than any other. The lord de Coucy, whose nme was Enuerand, was much pleased at this intelligence, for he greatly loved arms: he came to Paris simply attended by his household. He dismounted therefore replied to the messengers, that he would willingly serve at his hbtel, and sent for those who had been the most active, and the duke on the terms proposed. This answer was highly agreeable the duke, as lehdaafctionfo them promposdhsanswe was thegl eagrleabl remonstrated with them wisely and prudently on the wickedness of to the dke, as e had an affection for the company of the earl of their conduct in killing the officers and ministers of the king, in Saroy. breaking open his prisons, and setting those who were confined in The duke retained men in all parts, so that he had collected full 9 ~~~~~~~Thoukereained me n n at l arms, read preare hn ner his obedencted.ul thenm at liberty; for all which, if the king willed it, they would nie thousand men-t-arms, ready prepared andunder his obedience. dearly pay. But this he was not desirous of doing; for the king He ordered the most sumptuous equipages to be made for him and much loed the town of Paris, because he had been born in it, ad his household at Paris that any lord had ever commanded, such as also from its being the capitl of his kingdom: he was therefore tents, pavilions and other things suitable for a king when about to unwilling to destroy its bell-intentioned inhhabhitrrrts. make a long journey. We will now leave the duke of Anjou, and He told them, his reasons for coming to Paris were to endeavor speak of the earl of Cambridge and his men, who were in Portugal to make up matters between them, and that he would entreat the near the king's person. king and his uncles mercifully to pardon them their evil deeds. They answered, that they wished not any harm to the king their C H A P T E R L X X X I V. lord, nor to make war against him, but that these taxes should be THE ENG~ISHI 3AKE AN EXPEDITION AG-AINST THE SPANIARDS, CeNTRABer repealed as far as related to Padis: and that, when exempted from THE ENGiSH A NE D N I T S A, CONTRAtI TO Ton.e ORDERS OF THlE KIN~G-e OF ORTUGAa. THE CASTLE OF FtGHIEtEE such, they would assist the king in any other manner "In what 15 TAKEN. *"Hugh Auetriot:" had the management of the finances under Churles V. Ne THE earl of Cambridge and hliarmy remained for a considerable built the Baistille, as a fort against the Enl}iish. iie iwned hIis disgrace rind imprison- time with the king of Portugal at Lisbn during which the Erag ment to the clergy, who accused hire of heresy, &;c.' he was shut up between four wills. hut the Orleans party hated hir, because, being a Burgundian, he was attached * This cust probably mean Figueiro dos /inhes, a town in Estreinadura fbr Figtusm to the duke of' Burgundy. is in Catnlonia. 294 ICHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. lish and Gascons reconnoitered the country, for they had never be. were, therefore, determined to conquer this castle, that the fame o! fore been there It seems to me, that about this time a marriage it might reach Lisbon, and show what success they had met with on was agreed on between the daughter of the king of Portugal who their frst attempt. was ten years old, and the son of the earl of Cambridge of the same The canon de Robersac said; "Ha, ha, my gentlemen, we shall age. He was a fine child, and his name was John; and the lady's this day win the castle; but if so many gallant men-at-arms as we name Beatrice. There were great feasts at the betrothing of these are, take as much time to conquer all the other towns in Spain and two children, and much joy; all the barons and prelates of the realm in Gallicia, we shall never be masters of them." The knights and were present; and, young as the married couple were, they were squires, on hearing this speech, began to exert themselves the more z both laid in the same bed. This marriage and the consequent feasts the canon de Robersac, although covered by his shield, received such being over, which lasted for eight days, the council of Portugal a blow that he was much wounded. There was present a young ordered the men-at-arms who were in Lisbon to march to other quar- knight from Hainault called Froissart Menuler, who very gallantly ters on the frontiers. The earl of Cambridge and a part of his army behaved himself at this assault, as indeed did the others. were sent into quarters at a very handsome town in Portugal, called The garrison artillery, as well as the machines for casting of stones Estremoure,* and the remainder of the English and Gascons to Be. and iron bars, began to tire and grow weaker in the castle. Consiouse.t John of Cambridge remained with the king. sidering that of twenty-five men* (the force within the place,) there When the canon de Robersac, and the English and Gascon knights, were not three unhurt, and some dangerously wounded, they could took leave of the king, he said to them, "My friends, I order you not prevent it from being taken by storm. The brother of their capnot to make any attacks on the enemy without my knowledge; for, tain lay dead, from whom no further help could come. They reif you do, I shall be much angered." They swore, "they would not, solved to give themselves a little respite, and during that time treat by God, and, whenever they had such an' inclination, would send to for a peace. They made a signal to parley with the English. The inform him, and have his permission." They then departed and assault was stopped, and those who were in the ditches employed marched toward Besiouse, which is situated in the upper part of the against the walls were ordered out: it was high time, for there were country, two days' journey from Lisbon and as many from Seville, many who had been wounded, and others much fatigued. Sir where the king of Spain resided. Matthew Gournay, constable, and sir William Windsor, marshal of The king of Spain had been early informed of the arrival of the the army, advanced, and demanded what they wanted. The govEnglish under the command of the earl of Cambridge, and had sent ernor, Peter Gousses, addressed them in these words; "You are reintelligence of it to those knights in France on whose services he de- solved not to leave this place without conquering it: you wound our pended. On hearing this, and that there were expectations of war men, and we do the same to yours. We have therefore consulted in Spain, they were much rejoiced: many who wished to advance together; and I, as governor, speak their sentiments, which are, that their fame made ready, and took the road thither. The canon de we will surrender to you the fort, our lives and fortunes being spared. Robersac,t who was with his English and Gascon companions in Accept, therefore, these terms, which are just: you are at present the Besouise, one day said: "My dear gentlemen, I think we remain strongest, so that we must submit." here not much to our honor, when we have never as yet made any The English knights replied, they would advise upon it, which they attempt on our enemies; they will not think the better of us for it. did. When they had held a council, they sent for answer to the If you will take my advice, let us send to entreat the king to allow garrison, that those within the castle might retire whither they us to attack them." They all replied, "We are perfectly willing to pleased; but the stores must be left behind, and they were not tc do so." Sir John Canbouich~ was ordered to carry this message, carry away anything with them. When Peter Gousses saw he coul4 which hlie cheerfully undertook. He came to the king at Lisbon, not obtain better terms, he consented, but it was much against hit. where he punctually delivered his message. The king replied, he will. Thus was the castle of Fighiere surrendered to the English. was unwilling for them to undertake any expedition; and whatever The Spaniards marched away, under a safe-conduct,t to Esteris, he knight might urge he could never make him change his opinion, where the commander of St. James usually resided. They, how. He returned, therefore, to his friends, telling them the king would ever, did not find him there; for, having learnt that the enemy had not comply with their request. They were much enraged at it, and taken the field, he had done the same with full four hundred men-at. said among themselves, that it was not becoming men-at-arms to arms, Spaniards and Castillians, in hopes, if he could meet with the continue so long in garrison without attempting some feats of arms: English in a favorable situation, to combat them to his honor. they mutually agreed to make an excursion. In consequence, they took the field with full four hundred men-at-arms and as many archers. They resolved to attack a large town which belonged to the CHAPTER LXXXV. commander of St. James; but, on their march they found a nearer way to arrive at the castle of Fighiere, in which were about sixty AFTER TIE CONQUEST OF THE CASTLE OF FIGHIERE, THE CANON DE RtOBER Spanish men-at-arms in garrison, under the command of Peter SAC, RETURNING TO HtS GARRISON, IS IN GREAT DANGER. SUCCORS Gousses and his brother. COME FROM FRANCE TO cASTILLE. The canon de Robersac, being very proud of this expedition, as it WHEN the knights of England and the canon had got possession had been by his means undertaken, rode forward in front. There of the castle of Fighiere, they were much rejoiced. They had it re.were sir Oliver Beauchamp, sir Matthew Gournay, Miles Windsor, paired in every part; and leaving forty men.at-arms as a garrison, the lord Talbot, sir Adam Symon, sir John Sounder, bastard brother they stored it well with provisions and other necessaries, and also to the king of England, the souldich de l'Estrade, the lord de Chat- with a sufficient body of archers. Having placed a good captain as eauneuf, the lord de la Barde, Raymond de Masson, and several governor, they held a council, when they resolved to return totheir more. They arrived at the castle of Fighiere, which they surrounded, quarters. The English and Gascons, on their departure, divided and drew up in order of assault, making all preparations necessary themselves into three bodies; the last of which remained in the plain, for it. When the garrison saw they were to be attacked, they also under the command of the canon. Some English, Gascons, and made ready for their defence. About four o'clock in the morning, Germans, desirous of feats of arms, had continued with him: in all a very vigorous attack commenced, and the English entered the about sixty spears and as many archers: they marched one whole ditch, which being dry, they advanced close to the walls, bracing day with the canon's company on their return to Besiouse. their targets over their heads, to guard themselves from the stones On the second day, early in the morning, they discovered some which might be thrown on them from the walls, and there made ambuscades,1 and marched on in good array. They were then begood use of their pick-axes and iron crows; while thus employed, tween a large town in Portugal, Huenca~ and the castle of Concrelet.l] the garrison threw on them beams and bars of iron, that wounded On the outskirts of a wood nearer to the castle of Concrelet than to many. Huenca, was the grand-master of St. James~ posted, with full four The canon de Robersac was present: he had the courage of a hundTed men-at-arms. The English no sooner perceived them than knight, and performed that day many gallant deeds; as did also Es- they closed their ranks, showed no signs of fear, and marched on at perons his valet. The archers of England, who were drawn up on a good pace. The Spaniards, notwithstanding their numbers, made the ditches, shot so well and rapidly that scarcely any dared to show not any appearance of quitting their ambuscade; for they imagined themselves on the battlements; and one half of the garrison were the English had near at hand their large battalion, and for that reaeither slain or wounded. The brother of Peter Gousses, the gov- son were afraid to attack them; had they been better informed, there ernor of the castle, was there slain by an arrow; he was called Bar- would have been a combat. They thus separated from each other tholomew, and was an able and expert man-at-arms; but, throulgh without anything being done. his own imprudence and rashness, he lost his life. The assault con- The Spaniards returned that evening to Esteris, and the canon to rtinued friom four o'clock until high noon; and I must say that the IEnglish* and Gascon knight did not spare themselves, but fought I the preceding column, it is said the garrison consisted of about sixty men-at-arms. ~with1 ~onlrme and a thorough good wmil becaise thvey had undertaken t Lord Berners says without any safe-conduct. —ED. h ca hesr, de prime que les esmbsusches se decouvrent" (the text, according to D. this expedition without the consent o the king of Portugal: they Sauvage,) should rather be translated "at the hou/r of prisme, as soon as' ambuscades can be discovered," that is to say, at early dawn, than, as Mr. Johnes has rendered it, * "Estrermoure." Q. if not Estremoz.'they discovered soms ambuscades and mcarched on in good array," which apspears'Besiouse." Q. if not Villa Viciosa, a towrn near Estremoz; for D. Suvage, in a absurd. He[ probably understood it as referring to the adventure about to be related, but marginal note, says Ia Salle calls it Vesiouse, which seems a corruption of' Viciosa, and on that occasion only one ambuscade was diiscoverel. —EI. c.onfirms me it must be Villa Viciosa. ~. "Huenos. " II Q. "Coherelet.'" The canon de Robersc's name was Theodore. Hie was governor of Atrires in the 9[ I suspect it must have been the grand-master of the order of Alcantra, and not of St. ltlh of Edward Itt. aicd, in the 31d oft Richard II. was employed by the king to treat James, and that there must },ave been a castle of Fighiere in the province of Estremawith the duke of'Juliers concercting his hocrcrse. —Cartcs e Relcs RFrasnmoi. cdue; for it is not possible, filom the sho~tess of their march they could have gone to ~ "Canbouicle." Q. Lord BHoners spells the nsaue Cthaudonich. C atalonia. See Note, p. 293. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 29. Besiouse, when he related to his companions how he had seen the full of Normans, on the sea between Calais and Holland, that seized Spaniards in ambuscade between Huenca and Concrelet, adding, and pillaged all that fell into their hands, and it was indifferent to "If we had been all together, we could have fought with them." The them who they were. The report was current, that they cruised In knights, therefore, much repented that they had not kept all in one those seas waiting for the coming of this lady; and that the king of body. Thus ended this excursion of the English and Gascons; and France and his council were desirous of carrying her off, in order to when news was brought of it to the king of Portugal, he pretended break the match, for they were very uneasy at this alliance of the to be much enraged, because they had done it without his consent. Germans with the English. When it was said to be dishonorable The English and Gascons remained the whole winter in their garri. to carry off ladies in the wars of men, they replied: " How, have sons, without performing anything worth mentioning, which wearied you not seen the prince of Wales, father to the present king of Eng. them much: it was not their fault no deeds of arms were done. land, consent to a similar action in the person of the duchess of Don John of Castille, however, was not idle in making his prepa- Bourbon, mother to the queen of France, when she was made prisoner by the soldiers of the prince, shut up in the castle of Belleperche, and afterwards conducted into Guyenne and ransom. -'..'ed? If, therefore, to revenge themselves, the French should commit such an act on. | |the intended queen of England, they ought not to be blamed for it." On account of'-;1 lpar]i[;~f~-~' these suspicions and fears, the young lady remained in Brussels one whole month. b ladiesThe duke of Brabant, by advice of his council, sent to France the lords de Rousse.!T illlll'iL'""'...!~?'-~- l~ans and de Bousquehoir, to remonstrate on'Ntls He hadthis subject with the king and his uncles, " uwho were also his nephews, being his sister's sons. i.t C lst;lle "and'TL oSThe knights of Brabant managed so well reif:or with the king and his council that their re-:rom the-~li kingj i n t hrquest was complied with, and passports pain Igranted for the lady and her attendants to to hm'i thec tie.ad smmer, to able m to theyd.. travel through any parts of France she might choose, as far as Calais. The Normans were remanded into port. This answer the knights carried to Brabant to the duke and duchess. The king and his uncles wrote to say, they had granted this favor to their cousin the lady Anne, at their solicitation alone, and for no other reason whatever. Such information was very pleasing to the duke and duchess of Brabant, as well as to G~ H A Pf E L'X X X'V:I." those who were to cross the sea. Prepara. tions were immediately made for their de. parture from Brussels; and the young lady GoOD QPUEN AnE HI -Tomb in Westminster Abbey took leave of her uncle, her aunt, and dhe ladies and damsels of the country who had accompanied her. rations. He had sent to the kincg of France, and to his uncles for The duke had her escorted with one hundred spears. She passed succor, and had informed them of the arrival of the earl of Cambridge through Ghent, where she reposed herself for a day. and the citizens in Portugal. Ho also said, that it was universally reported through- did everything in their power to show her honor. She then came dut Castille and Portugal that the king of Ehgland, the duke of Lan- to Bruges, where the earl of Flanders received her very magnifi.. caster, and the earl of Buckingham, with a powerful force, were to cently, and stopped for three days. She continued her journey until reinforce them the ensuingr summer. For which reasons, he required she came to Gravelines, where the earls of Salisbury and Devonshire from the king, in conformity with the treaties between France and werc waiting for her, with five hundred spears and as many archers Spain, and their mutual affection, that sufficient forces should be sent They condrcted her to Calais, when the Brabanters returned, aftei to.him in the course of the spring and summer, to enable him to op- they had delivered her to the barons of England. The young lady pose his enemies with effect. The king's council assented to this, made no stay at Calais but until the wind became favorable. She for they clearly'saw the kingeof"Spain had'a right to demand it. Per- embarked on a Wednesday morning when the vessels were manned, mission was granted to all knights and squires desirous of advancing and the same day arrived at Dover, where she halted to repose herthemselves to join don John: and'the king of France lent them where- self two days: on the third, she set out for Canterbury, where the with to perform their journey. It seems to me, that sir Oliver du earl of Buckligham received her very grandly. The lady pursued Guesclin, brother to the late constable of France, made preparations her journey unto London, and was most honorably received by the to go thither in the spring. Many knights and squires from Brit- citizens, the ladies and damsels of the town and'country, who were tany, Beance, Picardy, Anjou, Berry, Blois and Maine did so like- all assembled to meet her. She was married to the king, in thei wise, and went thither in companies to perform the journey more chapel of the palace of Westminster, the twentieth day after Christ. comfortably. A passage was open to them through Arragon, and all mas. On the wedding-day, there were great feastings. That gal.e kinds of provision were prepared for them, for ready money. But lant and noble knight sir Robert de Namur had always accompaniedc you must know they did not pay for all they took in the low coun- her, firom the time she quitted Germany until she was married, for tries, which made the poor inhabitants suffer great losses. which the emperor and king of England held themselves much. obliged. The king carried his queen to Windsor, where he kept an open, ~~CHAPTER LXXXVI. ~ and noble house. They were very happy together. She was ac.. companied by the princess of Wales and the duchess of Brittany,, THR EMPEROR WINCESLAUS SENDS HIS SISTER ANNE TO KING RICHARD OF aunt to the king, who at that time was separated firom the duke her ENe-LAND, WHO MIAKES HER HtS QUEEN. husband; for the barons and council of England would not consent' YoU have heard how king Richard of England had for Upward of to her return into Brittany, because he had changed to the French. a year been in treaty with Winceslaus king of Bohemia, who at this interest. The rons and knights were acustomed to say, "Sice period had taken the title of emperor of Rome, to obtain his sister the duke of Brittany has so ill and so treacherously acquitted him-. the lady Anne in marriage; and how one of his knights, sir Simon self to the earl of Buckingham, and to our men, the last time they Burl y, had much labored in this business; and also that the duke were in France, whenever he shall demand back his duchess, let us. of Saxony had been in England to confirm the marriage. This not consent to it, but send him two enemies, John and Guy of Brit.affair had been so well conducted that the emperor set his sister to tany, children to St. Charles de Blois, and who have a better right England,-attended by the duke of Saxony and great numbers of to the duchy than himself: he is duke through our power, and an. knights and damsels, with a suitable state becoming such a lady. ungrateful return does he make for what he has had from us: we They came through Brabant to Brussels, where the duke and dulchess ought therefore to act in like manner to him, for his disgraceful conreceived time youngs queen and her company very granldly; for th'e duct." True it is, that these two lords, John and Guy de Bretaigne, duke was her uncle, she being the daughter of the emperor Charles sons of Sr. Charles of Blois, who were prisoners in Eabland, andy his brother. The ladly Anne of Bohemia remained with her uncle confined in a strong castle, under the guard of sir Peter d'Ambrcti. aend atunt at Brussels upwar'd of a. month. She was afraid of movirg, court, were sent for, and brought before the council of the king oel gor she had been informed there were twelve large armed vessels, Eiglnd; when they were informed, that if they would hold them 296 C HRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, S PAIN, &c. duPhy of Brittany from England, and acknowledge it by doing hornm- utmost respect in all the great towns through which they passed age to the king, their inheritance should be recovered for them, and Men-at-arlms were continually advancing, or followed in their rear, John should have the lady Philippa of Lancaster to wife. But they so that Lombardy was quite open and ready to receive them. On replied, they would not have anything to do with it, and would pre- the duke's entrance into Lombardy, he was most honorably received for remaining in prison until death to acting otherwise than as good in all the principal towns, more especially in Milan, where sir Gal. Frenchmen. Affairs continued on this footing, and they were never eas and sir Bernabo Visconti loaded him with honors: he received afterwards in any way spoken to on the subject, since they had from themn such rich presents and jewels as would astonish, if re. shown the firmness of their intentions. lated. The duke of Anjou kept a kingly state: he had his mint with him, where he coined florins and white money, with which he, made his payments all through Lombardy and Tuscany. When they began to approach Rome, they marched in a more CHAP T ER L XXXVII. compact body than they had hitherto done; for the Romans, being TME KING OF FRANCE CANNOT OBTAIN MONEY FR)OM THE RECEIVER AT informed of the duke's march, had thrown up strong fortifications PARIS. THE DUKIE OF ANJOU MARCHES INTO IThArY WITH A NOBLE to oppose him. They had for commander a valiant English knight, ATTENDANCE OF KNIGIHTS. Ccalled sir John Hawkwood,* who had resided a long time in that part of Italy: he was well acquainted with the frontiers, and had You have before heard how Paris had made its peace with the under him a large body of men-at-arms, of Germans, English, and king, on its agreement of paying a certain sum of florins. The S1o- other nations in the pay of the Romans, for the defence of Urban, rins were paid weekly to a receiver whom they had appointed, but none came to the coffers of the king, nor were any of them sent out oft Paris. It hap- -:-.::- -._= — -_ —---- pened that the king -:- -- was in great want of:money to pay the men- - ---- at-alms he was send- - ing to Castille, which by treaty he was bound — = _ - -- to do. He ordered the receiver at Paris _ to prepare a sumn of — =_ one hundred thousand -; - francs; for he was -~: anxious to assist, in a.. his necessity, do n J,- h n of Castille, and clic rl -- il showed for what use he intended this a1-_ ney. The reccive re- plied to the letters ftof -— _ - the king, and to those who had brought them, no in a very civil manner, saying, that in truth he had money suffi, cient, but that he could t _:v:.i not pay any of it without the consent and permission of the town of Paris. These words........ w style..himse kl did not please the CrAISL DEL Ovo, NATPLeC.-Frol an Old Print in the King's Library, B. Museum. king, who declared he would remedy this as soon as he should be able. iHe found the money elsewhere, through at that time called pope, and who resided at Rome. This pope the assistance of the principal towns in Picardy. This caused a was not alarmed at the arrival of the duke of Anjou. When they great coolness between the king and the Parisians. He nsever came told him he was on his march, attended by the earl of Savoy and to Paris, but resided at Meaux, Senlis, Compiegne, and in those parts, count of Geneva, with full nine thousand lances of good men.at. to the great displeasure of the Parisians. The greatest resource arms, and that it was uncertain if he would not come to Rome to they had was in the duke of Anjou for their safety: he had already dethrone him, for they were all Clementines, he replied by saying, signed himself king of Sicily and Jerusalem, and had borne the arms. CHRISTUS protegat nos." That was all the alarm they gave him, The duke commonly resided at Paris, because there was much and the only answer he made to those who spoke to him on the money kept there; and to prevent the king from receiving any of it, subject. that he might be the better supplied for his projected enterprise in The duke of Anjou, who styled himself king of Naples, Sicily Italy, he was collecting money fiom all parts, and it was said the and Jerusalem, duke of Calabria and la Puglia, accompanied by the sum he had at Roquemaur, near Avignon, was not less than two earl of Savoy, continued the march of his army through Tuscany, millions of florins. He treated with the Parisians, and used such the territory of Ancona, and the patrimony of St. Peter, but did not fine language, having words at command, and besides being from enter Rome; for the duke wished not to make war on Rome, nor his birth the regent of the kingdom, as the eldest of the king's un- on the Romans, but solely aimed to accomplish his enterprise on the dles, that he obtained one thundred thousand florins, when the king terms according to which he had left France. He kept up kingly and his two uncles of Berry and Burgundy could not procure one state wherever he passed, and all men-at-arms praised him for the,penny from them. The duke of Anjou, having now finished his puctuality of his payments.!preparations and collected all his stores, began his march early in At this period his adversary, the lord Charles de Durazzo, resided,spring, and the magnitude of his array surprised every one. He in the city of Naples. He also signed himself king of Naples,,passed through France to Avignon, where he was much feasted by Sicily and Jerusalem, duke of la Puglia and Calabria, and consid-,the pope and cardinals. The barons and principal lords of Provence ered himself as the lawful king, since the queen of Naples was dead ceame thither to wait on him as their lord, did him homage, and put without leaving any heirs by marriage. He looked on the gift — themselves under his obedience. which the queen had made to the pope as null, and maintained this The gallant earl of Savoy, his cousin, came to meet him; attended opinion by two arguments: the first was, that besides being sup. ~by barons and knights, who were also well received by the [ pe pported and obeyed by the Neapolitans and Sicilians, the queen of:and cardinals. During his stay at Avignon, he arranged and settled Naples could not resign the inheritance of another: secondly, that:the pay and stores for the Savoyards, who were in considerable num- supposing this resignation to have been good and the gift in force to bers, and delivered the money to the earl of Savoy. This being the court of Rome, and that the popes were entitled to it, she had -shone, the duke of Anjou and the earl of Savoy took their leave of not legally done it, for those kingdoms considered Urban as the true'the pope, and set off from Avignon, following the road to Savoy and pope, and not Clement.;Piedmont. The earl was the duke's conductor, and paid him the This is the question which they disputed, and the defence Charbso * "goqutmaur." tao,etta~ma from Avignon. * "Slir John Hawkwood" See his life in Nichol's Bib. Top. Brit. CHRONICLES 0T ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. de I)urazzo made. He also at the beginning took very wise pre. Naples and her husband." "Well," replied the duke, "I will send cautions, for he amply provided with stores the castel del Ovo, which him to you." The conversation took another turn, and, after they is one of the strongest castles in the world, and stands by enchant- had well considered their situation, the earl returned to his quarters. ment in the sea, so that it is impossible to take it but by necromancy On the morrow morning, when the lords were risen, the magician or by the help of the devit.* waited on the duke, bowing minost lowly. As soon as the duke per. When he had provided this castle a sufficiency to last three or ceived him, he ordered a valet to conduct him to the earl of Savoy. four years, he collected a body of men-at-arms and threw himself The valet, taking his hand, said, " Master, my lord's will is, that Into it, having made all the entrances very secure, leaving the duke you go to the earl of Savoy." He answered, "God's will be done." of Anjou to act as he pleased. He well knew the Neapolitans would When arrived at the tent of the earl, the valet said, "My lord, here never desert him, and that, if Ia Puglia and Calabria should be lost is the doctor whom my lord sends to you." The earl was much for two or three years, they could easily regain it. He expected the pleased on seeing him, and said, "Doctor, do you assure us for a duke of Anjou would soon find himself at the end of his resources in certainty, that you will gain us the castel del Ovo at so cheap a maintaining such a large army as he had brought, and which it was rate?" "Yes, by my troth, my lord," replied the enchanter, "for impossible for him to continue to support. They would be in want by a similar trick I got it for him who is now within it, namely, the of provision or pay, which would tire them out in the course of two lord Charles de Durazzo, from the queen of Naples, her daughter and or three years; and, when they should be well worn down, he might husband, sir Robert d'Artois* and sir Otho de Brunswick. I am the combat them to his advantage. Charles de Durazzo was full of these man in the world of whom the lord Charles has the greatest dread." ideas, some of which were afterwards realized. In truth, no prince "By my faith," replied the earl, "you speak well; but I wish the in Christendom, except the kings of France or England, would have lord Charles to know, that he is in the wrong to fear you so much, kept up such an immense force as the duke of Anjou did, without for I will make him easy on that head: you shall not henceforward hurting his finances; for they reported he had brought over the perform an enchantment to deceive him or any one else. I will not mountains thirty thousand combatants: and the undertaking such an have it reproached to us in times to come, that such knights and enterprise required much thought and consideration. squires and valiant men-at-arms here assembled should have been obliged for our success to magic, nor do we desire to conquer our enemies by such means." He then ordered a servant to call the CHAPTER LXXX VIII. headsman, and have his head struck off. The earl's commands were instantly obeyed, and his head was cut off on the outside of the NHE EARL OF SAVO, WAHO HAD ACCOO PANIED THE DUKE OF ANJOU TO tent. Such was the end of this enchanter, and such his recompense. NLS, ORDES A AN TO BE BEHEADED, WHO HAD BOASTED TT We will now leave the duke of Anjou, his army, and his marches, HE WOULD GIVE THEN POSSESSION OF THE CASTEL DEL Ovo BY EN. and return to the affairs of Portugal, and relate how the English and CHANTMENT. Gascons prospered. WHEN the duke of Anjou and his army entered la Puglia and Calabria, the whole country was their own, and the people testified that they wished not for any other lord than him: in a short time, C H A P T ER LXXXIX. all the barons, principal towns and others, put themselves under his obedience. Those who have been in these countries, which are the THE CANON OH ROBERSAC HARES ANOTER EXCURSIO CONTRARY TO THI richest in the world, report, that from the great abundance of every- LL O TE IN OP P L, ND TAKES SEVERAILES DJO thing, the people are perfectly indolent, and do no manner of labor. ING TO SEVILLE. The men-at-arms, on entering so rich a country, felt themselves very THE knights in garrison at Besiouse, and who had been there for comfortable; but the duke of Anjou, the earl of Savoy, the count so considerable a time, having made but one excursion, when they of Vend6me, the count of Geneva,t and all the knighthood of France, took the castle of Fighiere, resolved, about the middle of April, to Savoy, and Brittany, marched on into the territories of Naples. make another: for they were very much surprised at the conduct of The citizens of Naples, not fearing these men-at-arms, deigned not the king of Portugal and earl of Cambridge, who had let them re. to shut their gates, but kept them always open, as they never imagined main idle the nine months they had now been in Portugal, without the duke of Anjou could reside there longer than it was agreeable to having formed any expedition but the one for which they had been them; for the moment they should be inclosed in the town, whatever blamed. They determined to send to and remonstrate with the earl numbers they might be, they would be lost, as the houses were not of Cambridge on this subject: I believe the envoy was the souldich easy to be taken, having before their doors planks which may be de la Trane. He came to Estremoz, where the earl was quartered, removed, and the sea underneath, on which they would not perhaps and said to him, " My lord, my companions send me to you, to know like to adventure themselves. what you would wish them to do; for they much wonder why they An enchanter, master of necromancy, who had resided for some have been brought to this country, to remain so long in indolence, time in the Neapolitan territory, came to the duke of Anjou, and which displeases them much. You will let me know what you would said, "My lord, if you will, I can cause the castel del Ovo and its have them do, for they are very desirous of making an excursion." garrison to surrender to you." "How can that be?" replied the " Souldich," replied the earl, "you know, that when I left Engduke. " My lord, I will tell you," answered the enchanter: "I can land, my lord and brother the duke of Lancaster promised me, on his by enchantment, make the air so thick over the sea, that those in the faith, that on his return from Scotland, whither he Wvas then going, castle shall think it a large bridge, on which ten men may march in he would join us with men-at-arms, to the amount of three thousand, front: and, when they shall see this bridge, they will be so fright- and as many archers. Upon this engagement, I came merely to ened they will surrender themselves to you, lest, if you attack them, reconnoitre the country. In a short time we shall have intelligence they may be taken by storm." The duke, much astonished at what from him; for it is equally unpleasant to me to have remained so he had heard, called his knights, the count de Vend6me, the count long in this country. You will therefore salute your companions in de Geneve, sir John and sir Peter de Beuil, sir Morice de Maumi, my name, and tell them what I have just said to you. I cannot wish and others, to whom he related what the enchanter had just told to prevent them from making an excursion, since they have such an him. They were very much surprised, but seemed willing to give him inclination for it; but you know the king of Portugal gives us our faith for it. The duke then asked, "Fair master, can our people pay, and therefore we ought to conform to his orders." march on this bridge of which you speak, as far as the castle, and "By my faith, my lord," answered the souldich, "he pays b;:dly, attack it'?" " My lord," replied the magician, " of this I dare not and our companions complain much of it; he owes us now six assure you; for if any one of them, while on this bridge, should make months' pay." "He will pay you well," replied the earl: " money the sign of the cross, all would disappear, and those on it would fall never comes disagreeably." On this, the souldich left the earl, and into the sea." The duke, upon this, began to laugh, and some of the returned to his companions, to whom he related what you have young knights present said, "Ha, my lord, for God's sake, let him do heard. "Gentlemen," said the canon, "I will not desist from it; we will not make any sign of the cross, and by this means we shall making an excursion, notwithstanding what has been said, for I see easily capture our enemies." The duke said he would consider of it. clearly they wish to put off all such attempts. They do not desire The earl of Savoy was not present at this conversation, but came we should commit hostilities, that we may not have cause to demand soon afterwards. When the earl entered the duke's tent, the ma- our pay: but my opinion is, that we take the field." They selected gieian had just left it; but the duke told him all that had passed, those who should form this expedition, and resolved to undertake it and what offers he had made. The earl, having mused a while, on the morrow, having their arms quite ready. said, "Send him to my quarters, and I will examine him. He is that The lord John de Ferrande, one of the knights of the king of master magician by whose means the queen of Naples and sir Otho Portugal, who had learnt they were desirous of performing some de Bruinwick were taken in the castel del Ovo, for he caused the enterprise, came to them, and brought letters to the canon do sea to swell so high that it seemed as if it would swallow the castle: Robersac. He read them, and found that the king of Portugal for. thcuse within it were so much frightened they looked on themselves bid him to quit his quarters; adding, that he was well informed it as dead. One ought never to put too great confidence in such was through his means all these expeditions were thought of. The people; for you see the wickedness of the wretches in this country: canon was much enraged at this order, and said to the knight, in order to please you, and to obtain your benefactions, he will be. tray Charles de Durazzo, to whom he formerly gave up the queen of * "Robertd'Artois." Denys Sauvage, in his 24th annotation, sayi, "The history of, Naples often speaks of this Robert d'Artois, making him the husband of Mary, daughte * Denys Souvage adds a marginal note, that " if the good man Froissart believes this, of Joan queen oflNaples; but no mention is made of these enchantments. They seem hiis mind must be very sitmple." to come from the romances of Morgante and Urganda; so that I am surprised Fzod. f "Count of Geneva." Giannone says he was brother to pope Clement mart could suffer himself to be thus deceived, and wish to deceive posterity." 298 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. "John, I see plainly the king will not permit me to make any excur- hanged." The knight, on this, cast himself on hio knees, and said, slon. Now, suppose I remain in my house, do you think that the "My lord, their captain acquitted himself dutifully and loyally; hut others, who are better knights and more valiant than I, will also the others by force made him go with them, as well as myself, to stay at home and give up their enterprise? Oh no, by my troth, as show them the country. When the expedition has so well siecyou will see to-morrow; for they are determined and prepared to ceeded, you ought to pardon it." Notwithstanding this speech, the take the field." "My lord," replied ]errande, "command them, king ordered him to prison, where he remained until the earl of j the king's name, not to do so." "By my faith," said the canon, Cambridge delivered him when he came to Lisbon on the business "I will do no such thing: do you, who belong to the king, order of which you shall hear. them yourself." After the English and Gascons were returned to the town of Things remained in this state all night. In the morning, the Besiouse, and had remained there sonme time, they resolved to send trumpets sounded, when the knights and squires, being armed and to the king of Portugal to demand their pay. They chose unani. mounted, came before the canon's house, who had not put on his mously the lord Talbot, a baron from Wales, as their embassador. armor. On the English and Gascon knights drawing up, he came When the lord Talbot was corr, to Lisbon, and had remonstrated to the window, and told them the king of Portugal would not allow with the king on the subject of 2..s mission, the king only made him, nor any of his party, to make an 6xcursion. "By my faith," for answer, "that they had twice made excursions contrary to his answered they, "we will have a ride, since we are so well inclined orders, which had much displeased him, and had been the cause of to it: and so shall you too, for it shall never be reproached you, that the delay in their payment." As he could not obtain any other when we had taken the field, you staid at home." The canon was answer, lord Talbot returned to his companions, and related what then obliged to arm himself, and mount his horse. The Poriguese the king had said, which much angered them. knight, the lord Ferrande, was obliged to do the same; so much This same week, the earl of Cambridge quitted Estremoz and was he pressed by the others, but it occasioned him to stand in the came to Besiouse, where he took up his lodgings, in a monastery of ill graces of the king, and he was very near being hanged. They monks on the outside of the town. The knights in garrison were marched out of Besiouse to the amount of about four hundred spears rejoiced on hearing this; for there were among them some who and as many archers; and, taking the Seville road toward a castle were unable to wait so long for their pay from the king, and said and town called Ban,? continued their march until they arrived, and among themselves, "We are marvellously well taken care of: we surrounded the part which seemed most easy to be taken. They dis- have beeq in this country almost a year, and have never mceived mounted, formed themselves in order of attack, entered the ditches, any money. It is impossible but our commander must have had which were dry, and began the assault vigorously. some, for he would never have borne it for so great a length of time." At this time, there were no men-at-arms in the town of Ban. These murmurings increased so much that they declared they would The inhabitants, though badly armed, mounted the walls and de- not longer suffer such treatment, and fixed a day to debate the matter fended themselves as well as they were able with lances and among themselves. The place of conference was appointed in a javelins, but this could not last long. They therefore began to treat. handsome church situated without the town of Besiouse, and oppowith the assailants, and at length surrendered, on having their lives site to the Cordeliers, where the earl of Cambridge had his residence. and fortunes spared, declaring they would put themselves under the The canon of Robersac promised to attend: indeed, it was well h obedience of don Fernando, king of Portugal. They were well did, for otherwise it would have turned out: badly. received in the town, which they entered to refresh themselves; About. eight o'clock~ they were all assembled, except the canon, when they began to examine by what means they could gain the such as sir William Beauchamp, sir Matthew Gournay his uncle, castle. They saw it might be taken; and that same evening, some the lord Talbot, sir William Hermon;* and, of Gascons, the of the army began to skirmish. On the morrow, a more regular souldich de la Trane, the lord de la Barde, the lord de Chateauneuf, attack.09mmenced. and several more, who began to speak and make their complaints The governor of the castle was a gentleman of the country, known to each other. There was among them a knight, bastard called Peter Jagouses, but he was not an able man.at-arms, as he brother to the king of Enagland, called sir John Sounder,t who was showed; for as soon as he saw himself thus attacked, and so many louder than all the rest, and said, "The earl of Cambridge has men.at-arms advancing, he took fright, entered into terms, and sur. brought us hither: every day we venture our~ lives, and are willing rendered the castle on his and the garrison's lives being spared. so to do, for his service, and yet he keeps our pay. I therefore They strengthened it with good men-at-arms and archers, and then advise, that we form a strict union among ourselves, and unani. departed toward another castle, seven leagues distant, called la mously agree to display the pennon of St. George, declaring our. Courtisse.t On their arrival, they instantly began the attack very selves friends to God, and enemies to all the world; for if we do sharply; but those within defended themselves to the utmost of not make ourselves feared, we shall not have anything." "By my their power, and disdained to surrender. At the first attack, which faith," replied William Helmon, "you say well, and we will do it." was severe, the governor of the castle, called Radulph, was slain. All agreed to the proposal, and considered whom they should choose He was an expert and valiant man-at-arms, but, having adventured for their leader: they thought they could not have a better than himself too rashly on the bulwarks, was killed by an arrow. On Sounder, for he would have more leisure to do mischief, and had his death the others lost courage; the castle was taken, and the greater greater courage for it than the others. They hoisted the pennon of part of the garrison put to the sword. Thus did the canon and his St. George, and cried out, "A Sounder, a Sounder, tlhat valiant companions gain the castle of la Courtisse. They strengthened it bastard! Friends to God, and enemies to all mankind." They with a new garrison; and, having well supplied it with everything, were then well inclined to attack the town of Besiouse, an.d declare they marched toward the city of Seville the grand. war against the king of Portugal. Sir Matthew Gournay and sir William Beauchamp had long argued against attacking Besiouse, but had been little attended to. At tilhe moment they had displayed the pennon of St. George, and were CH A PT ER X C. quitting thile church, the canon arrived, and, pushing through the TE CANON AND aHIS COMPANIONS GAIN MrUCRH BOOTY FROM THE XING OF crowd, got up to the head altar, when he cried aloud, "Mly fair sirs, CASTILLE. THEY MUTINY AGAINST THE KING OF PORTUGAL, WHO what are you going to do? Be orderly and temperate, I conjure ORDERs THEIR PAY TO BE INSTANTLY DELIVEREP'O THEM, you; for I see you are much disturbed." Sir John Sounder and sit THESE English and Gascon men-at-arms continued narching William Helmon then advanced to him, and related what they had until they came to Jaffre, ten leagues from Seville. It is a Mudly done and what were their intentions. The canon, by fair language, doineandhematwerentheir, gentleetins. wheanon byo aire languageha inclosed town; but there is a very strong monastery which those of restained them: "Conside, entlenen, what you ae aout: that the town and country had fortified, and they had retreated thither which you intend is folly and madness. re cannot destroy our. trusting to its strength. On their arrival, the town of Jffre was selves more effectually. If we make war on this country, our ene.. ~trusting to its strength. On their arrival, the town of Jaffre win immediately taken and burnt. They soon attacked the moaser; mies will hear of it, and will gain courage when they see we cannot but it was an hour before it was taken, when those who first entered oppose them. We shall thus run ourselves two ways; for o eneit gained great pillage: many were there slain. Having received ies will be rejoiced and assured of what at present they may onl intelligence that there were in some marshy grounds, in an adjoining suspect, and we shall forfeit our loyalty to the earl of Cambridge. supet and w e ha llfret wourd lytytou the ear of, Cambr" idgSud~ e. valley, upward of twenty thousand head of cattle, pigs, cows, and "And what would you have us do, canon?" said Sounder: we sheep, they pushed forward; and, having entered the marsh, ordered have expended much more than our pay, and since our aival in their infantry to drive out the cattle. They then resolved to return Portual we have not had any loan or any payment whatever. f to their quarters in Besiouse, and set out accordingly. They arrived you have been paid, we have not, and your complaints will he vain." there on the ewvcodng of the ensuing day with all their booty; by 6 "By my faith, Sounder," replied the canon, "I have nlot received more which they had provisions in abundance, and for a long time.' than you have, nor will I receive anything without your knowledge." Thus cIded this expedition. When the lord Ferrande returned Some of the knights present answered, " We firmly believe you: to Lisbon to the king, and reported to him what they had done but all thiubs must have an end. Show us how we may get clear against thteir enemies, and the great booty they had made, he of this business with honor, and that as speedily as ma.y be; for if imagined the king would have been wvell pleased; but no, for he we be not well paid, and in a short time, matters will go ill." The said to him, "How, thou stinking rascal, hast thou dared, after the de Robersac then replied, "Fair sirs, I would advise first of positive denial I sent them, to cons~ent to their makring a~n excursion, all, in the situation we are in, that we wait on the earl of Cambridge, and to accosmpany them thyself'. By St. Jacob, I will have thee * "HIermen." tQ. Froissart calls him afterwards Helmon..... —------------ - - tIn chap. 85, this knight is called by Froissart Messire Jekan Fcr;dree, and her, ~ "Ban." Q. t "Courtise." Q. libseire Jehan Soultier. —Ei. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 9 and remonstrate with him on these matters of which he ought to be him. He set out from the town in the morning, and rode toLisbon, informed." "And who is there among us," said one, "who will where he wasjoyfully received byhis son and daughter-in-law. The remonstrate with him?" "I will," replied Sounder; "but you must king had a long conference with him,'ihen they determined on cerall avow what I shall say." The whole company promised to do so. tain expeditions. The king, in consequence, issued his summons They then departed with the pennon of St. George, which they had throughout the realm, for every one to be prepared for the field by that day displayed, carried before them, and came to the Cordeliers, the seventh of June, and to assemble between the towns of Badajos where the earl of Cambridge was lodged. and Clemence. This summons was published throughout the king. Just as he was going to dinner, these companions, to the amount dom of Portugal, when all descriptions of men armed themselves in Af about seven hundred, entered the court, and demanded the earl, the best manner they were able, to be at the rendezvous on foot, by who, having quitted his chamber, came into the hall to speak with the appointed day. them. The knights had advanced with Sounder at their head, and On the arrival of the earl of Cambridge at Lisbon, don Ferrande remonstrated in an agreeable manner and speech, saying, "My lord, obtained his liberty, with whom the king had been much angered, it was you who assembled us in England; and we came hither on account of those before-mentioned excursions. The earl took according to your entreaties, as well as others who are now without; his leave, returned to his companions in high spirits, and c.Aered we have left our country to oblige you. You are therefore our chief, them to be in readiness by the day which had been fixed on. Soon and we must look to y u for our pay, of which hitherto we have not after money arrived for the pay of the troops, the captains first, so received anything: for, as to the king of Portugal, we should never that every one was contented; but the pennon of St. George was have come to his country nor entered his service, if you had not been still displayed. our paymaster. However, if you say the war concerns only the king of Portugal, and that you are not interested in it, we will soon pay CHAPTER XCI. ourselves our subsidy, for we will overrun the country, let the consequences be what they may." " Sounder," replied the earl, "I do THE TNGS OF CASTILLE AND PORTUGAL ASSEMBLE THEIR FORCE not say that you ought not to be paid; but, that if you overrun this PECE ADE ETWEEN THE GAINST THE WILL O THE ENGISH. country, you will throw great blame on me, as well as on the king DON John of Castille was not idle in collecting numbers of men. of' Emigland. who is so strictly allied to the king of Portugal.";at-arms. Two thousand spears, knights and squires, and four thou. "And wmat would you have us do?" asked Sounder. "I will," sand infantry, had come to him from France: he had, besides, in replied the earl, "that you choose three of our knights, an English- his own country, ten thousand horse, and as many foot. As lihe man, a Gascon, and a German, and that these three set out for resided at Seville, he was not ignorant of the summons which the Lisbon, to explain to the king this business, and the length of time king of Portugal had issued: he therefore, finding himself the he has delayed payment to our companions. When you shall thus strongest, thought he should act more honorably in this war, if he Ihave summoned him, you will have a better right to follow your own sent to the king of Portugal, to ask him to fix on any spot in his inclinations." " By my faith," said the canon de Robersac, "my dominions, where the two armies could meet, and fight it out; and lord of Cambridge says well, and speaks wisely and boldly." They that, if he would not, he would offer a place in Spain for the com. all agreed to this last proposal; but, n.twithstanding, they would not bat. He therefore sent a herald with this message, who rode on take down the pennon of St. George, saying, that since they had until he came to Lisbon, where he delivered it to the king, word for amanimnously raised it in Portugal, they would not lower it so long as word. The king replied to the herald, that he would maturely conthey should remain there. They then selected those who were to sider the option given to him, and would send to the king of Spain wait on the kimng of Portugal: sir William Helmon was chosen by his final answer. The herald, having executed his commission, took the English, sir Thomas Simon by the Germans, the lord de Chat- leave of the king, and retarned to Seville..auneuf by the Gascons. He found there the king and his barons, as well as those who had These thlree knights set out, and continued their journey until they come from France, Arragon and Galicia, to whom he reported all -ame to Lisbon, where they found the king, who received them he had heard or seen. No long time passed, before the king of nsandsomely, asked firom them the news, and what their companions Portugal was advised by the councils of the English to offer a place were doing? "My lord," they replied, "they are all in very good in his own country, for the two armies to combat. Sir Thomas health, and would willingly make some excursions, and employ this Simon and the souldichde la Trane were ordered, on the part of the season otherwise than they do; for long idleness is not agreeable to king, to seek for a proper situation: they chose a spot between them." "Well," said the king, " they shall very shortly make an Elvas and Badajos, where there was room sufficient for the battle. excursion, and I will accompany them, and you will let them know As they were going to execute this order, the two knights and their this fri'om me." "My lord," answered sir William, "we are sent men skirmished with some advanced forces of the king of Castille: hither by their orders, to tell you, that since their arrival in this the engagement was severe, and several were slain and wounded country, they have neither had loan nor payment from you, and that on both sides. They, however, returned to the king of Portugal, they are not satisfied; for whoever wishes to obtain the love and and related where they had closen a fit situation, and also the name service of men-at-arms must pay them better than you have hitherto of the place. done, the neglect of which they have for some time taken to heart; A German knight, called sir John Coustedor, was ordered to for they know not on whom they depend, and have thrown the carry this intimation, attended by a herald, to the king of Spain. blame on our captains, so that the affair was on the point of taking The knight set out, and rode to Seville, where he found the king, a very disagreeable turn. Our chiefs excused themselves, as it was and related what the king of Portugal had instructed him to say, known they had not received anything. Now, know for a truth, that he accepted his offer of combat, and had fixed on a place for the they will be paid their full pay, if you wish their services; and if field of battle, between Elvas and Badajos; and that within five you will not pay them, they assure you by us, that they will pay days after his return from Seville, he would there find the king of themselves from your country. Therefore consider well this busi- Portugal with his whole army, who desired nothing better than to ness, and give us such an answer as we may carry back; for they give him battle. The Spaniards were much pleased with this news, are only waiting our return." The king mused a little, and then as were also the French. Sir Tristan de Roye, sir John de Ver. said, " Sir William, it is but just they should be paid: but they have nettes, sir Peter de Villames, and others, taking with them the knight mmuch vexed me, by disobeying my orders, in making two excursions, from Portugal, entertained him magnificently for one whole day in which if they had not done, they should long ago have been fully Seville, and showed him as much respect as possible. They escorted s;atisfied in every respect." "I Sire," replied sir William, "if they him as far as Jaffre, when they returned; and the knight continued:have mmade any excursions, they have turned out to your advantage: his journey to the king of Portugal and his knights, and told them they have taken towns, castles, and overrun the territories of your how he had delivered his message, and the answer he had received, enemy, even as far as Seville: all this has been gallantly performed. which gave them great satisfaction. They ought not to lose this season, which, indeed, they are deter- It was not long before the king of Portugal came and encamped mined not to do; for they declare, on our return, they will pay them. where his army was, between Elvas and Badajos. It was a handselves, unless they shall receive by us a more gracious answer, than some plain below some olive trees; and he had brought thither the as yet they have obtained firom you." " Well," said the king, "in- greater part of his subjects from whom he could expect assistance form them, that within fifteen days at the latest, I will give orders they might amount to about fifteen thousand men. On the fourth for their pay to be delivered to them, to the utmost farthing; but tell day afterwards, the earl of Cambridge arrived with the English, in the earl of Cminbridgc that I wish to speak with him." "Sire," handsome array: they were about six hundred men-at-arms and as replied sir William, "I will do so, and you say well." many archers: they encamped themselves together, separate fi'om As lhe finished these words, dinner was served, when they dined the king's army. toadcth,:i, and the king made the three sit at his table, and feasted When the king of Spain heard thal: the king of Portugal was thenm inuch. Thus passed the day, and on the morrow they returned encamped on the field where the battle was to be fought, he seemed to tlmrmr fiiends. As soon as their arrival was known, the knights delighted, and said: "Come, let us make haste: our enemies are crowded about them, to learn what they had done: they related to waiting: it is time for us to set out. We have offered them battle, them the answer, and the king's promise, with which they were all which they have accepted, and are ready by the day appointed, so well satisfied. "Now see," said Sounder, "if riot be not some- that an engagement must ensue: let us therefore march thitheart times cf use: we have advanced the delivery of our pay, by having The men-at-arms were then ordered to advance with their men, roa mpeen d little. riotous: he fares well who is feared." the king was setting out. All the knights, squires and muel-at-arms The three knights waited on the earl of Cambridge, and reported in consequence, broke up their quarters, both Spaniards and French1 th him what they had done, and that the king wanted to speak with and followed the banners of don John of Castille, who encamped 300 CHIRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. two short leagues from Badajos, in the plains of Elvas. The king did not wound them the spears were shattered, and the broken of Spain had in his army upward of thirty thousand fighting men, pieces flew over their helmets. This combat was much praised by including those mounted on genets: they were in the whole sixty all the knights of each side who were present. They then tookl thousand. In this situation, the two armies remained opposite to leave of each other with much respect, and returned to their different each other. There was only between them the mountain of Bada- quarters, for no other deeds of arms were performed.. jos, which is a large town belonging to the king of Spain, and where Peace being now restored, beth Spaniards and Portuguese returned his men went whenever they were in want of provision. The city to their own homes. In such manner was this great assembly ot of Elvas was on the opposite side, and belonged to the king of For- Spaniards, English and Portuguese broken up. tugal. At this time, news was brought to the army of the king of Spain, On the plain there were daily skirmishes; for the young bachelors that the king of Granada had declared war against the kings of Bar who were desirous to advance themselves went thither, when some bary and Tremeren, and that all men.at.arms who might wish to go gallant feats were continually performed: they then returned to thither would be received into pay. The king of Granada had sent their quarters. Things remained in this state for upward of fifteen passports, and ordered his messengers to say, that to those who ar. days; and it was not any fault in the king of Spain that the combat rived in Granada, he would advance a quarter's pay. Several French did not take place, for it depended solely on the king of Portugal, knights who wished to advance themselves, as sir Tristan de Roye, who, not being in sufficient force to meet the Spaniards, was afraid sir Geoffry de Chargny, sir Peter de Clermont, took leave of don of the event. He well knew, that if he were defeated, his kingdom John of Castille, and went to those parts in search of deeds of arms. would be lost, and that whole season he had been expecting the Some English went thither also, but they were few in number; for duike of Lancaster, with the great aid he was to bring him from the earl of Cambridge conducted them to England, carrying his son England, of four thousand men-at-arms and the same number of with him. He showed how much dissatisfied he was with the king archers. The earl of Cambridge had assured the king of Portugal, by not leaving his son behind, who had been betrothed to the infanta that he might depend on this, and thought nothing could prevent it; of Portugal. The earl said the air of Portugal did not agree with for the duke of Lancaster, when he was setting out for Scotland, had his son's health; and in spite of everything the king could urge, he sworn to him by his faith, that on his return, he would think of no- would not permit him to stay, adding that he was too young to remain thing else, and would instantly come to Portugal with such an army in Portugal, from which the following consequences ensued. as should enable him to engage with the king of Castille. True it About a yearafter the conclusion of this peace, when the English is, that the duke of Lancaster did everything in his power to prevail were returned home with the earl of Cambridge, the queen of don on the king and his council to listen to this business: but on account John of Castilloe died: she was daughter to the king of Arragon. of the internal troubles which had happened this year, and some The king being thus a widower, it was considered by the barons events which had fallen out in Flanders, the king and his council and prelates of Spain and Portugal, that the properest alliance which would not consent to this expedition to Portugal, so that all the men- could be made with the lady Beatrice of Portugal was the king of at-arms were detained in England. Spain, who could not more nobly connect himself than with the in. When the king of Portugal heard this, and found that he must not fanta. In order to confirm the peace between the two kingdoms, expect any succors from England, he began to open a treaty: the the king of Portugal consented, and broke off the match with the grand.-master of Calatrava, don Pedro de Modesque, the bishop of son of the earl of Cambridge, by a dispensation from the pope, who Burgos and the bishop of Lisbon, entered into negotiations for peace confirmed this new alliance. Thus became the infanta of Portugal between Portugal and Spain. These were carried on so success- queen of Spain, Gallicia, and Castile; and she brought the king a fully, that peace was made, without any notice being taken of the son the first year of her marriage, to his great joy. English. The earl of Cambridge was very melancholy on learning The king of Portugal died soon after this event: but thie Portm. this news, and would willingly have made war on the king of Portu- guese were unwilling to submit themselves to the dominion of the gal, if he had been strong enough in the country; but he was not: Spaniards, and gave the crown to a bastard brother of the king, who he was therefore obliged to endure this peace whether he would or was grand-master of the order of Avis, and called the bastard of not. The English complained that the king of Portugal had behaved Portugal. He was a valiant man, had always borne arms, and much ill to them, from the beginning to the end, and that he had always beloved by the Portuguese, as they showed; for they crowned him dissembled with the Spaniards, for he had never had any inclination king, and chose him lord for his valor. This transaction was the to fight with them. The king excused himself, by throwing all the cause of great war between the kingdoms of Spain and Portugal, as blame on the duke of Lancaster, and the English, for not coming you shall hear related in the course of this history. according to their promises, and assured them that at that moment he When the earl of Cambridge, the canon de Robersac, and the'could not act otherwise. English knights were returned from Portugal, and had waited on the king and duke of Lancaster, they were very graciously enter. CHAPTER XCII. tained, as was right, and then they were asked for news: they told them a sufficiency, and the history of their whole campaign. The A JOUST BETWEEN A FRENCH KNIGH-T AND AN ENGLISH SQUIRE. THE duke of Lancaster, whom this business touched more essentially than EARL OF CAMBRIDGE LEADS BACK HIS ARMY To ENGLAND, WITH MIS any other, on account of the claim he had made to Castille, in right SON, WHOSE BZTROTHED WIFE, THE INFANTA OF PORTUGAL, IS AFTER- of his wife, the lady Constance, eldest daughter to don Pedro, inquired WARDS MARRIED TO THE KING OF CASTILLE. of his brother every particular, and how they had conducted them. IN the army of the king of Castille was a young knight' from selves in Portugal. The earl told him, that the armies remained France, called sir Tristan de Roye, who was desirous of displaying upward of fifteen days opposite to each other: " and because, my fair his courage. When he saw, that as peace was concluded, there brother, there came no intelligence of you, the king of Portugal has. would not be any engagement, he determined not to quit Spain, tily made peace, and, in spite of everything we could say, he would without doing something to be talked of. He sent a herald to the not consent to a battle: our men were much concerned thereat, for English army, requesting, that since peace had put an end to the comrn- they would willingly have hazarded it. Seeing, therefore, that affairs bat, some one would have the kindness to tilt with him three courses were not on a very sure foundation, I have brought home my son, with the lance before the city of Badajos. When this request was although he has been betrotthed to the infanta." "I believe you were brought to the army, they consulted together, and said it ought not in the right," replied the duke; "but perhaps they may break this to be refused. A young English squire then stepped forth, called marriage, if they shall find a more agreeable alliance." "By my Miles Windsor, who wished honorably to be created knight, and faith," said the earl, "happen what may, I have done nothing that I said to the herald, "Friend, return to thy masters and tell sir Tristan relpent of." Thus ended this conversation between the duke of Lan. de Roye, that to-morrow he shall be delivered from his vow, by caster and earl of Cambridge, when they entered on other matters. Miles Windsor, before the city of Badajos, according to his request." We will now leave them, and the woars of Spain and Portuga, to The herald returned, and related the answer to his masters, and return to those of Ghent, the earl and country of Flanders, which sir Tristan de Roye, who was highly pleased. On tile morrow morn- were very destructive. ing, Miles Windsor left the army of the earl of Cambridge and went toward Badajos, which was hard by, as there was only the mountain to cross, well accompanied by his friends; such as sir Matthew CHATR XCII. Gournay, sir William Beauchamp, sir Thomas Simon, the souldich GHENT IS IN GREAT DISTRESS FOR lROVISIONS; THEY ARE SUCCORED Bv de la Trane, the lord de ChAteauneuf, the lord de la Barde, and sev. THE INHABITANTS OF LIEGE. eral more; there were upward of one hundred knights on the spot, n h une ca efmdEvEn since the burning of Grammont, and the breaking up the where the tournament was to be performed. Sir Tristan de Roye ofGnthr whrhtunm.Sir Tristan de Roye siege of Ghent, through the grief of the earl of Flanders for the death was already there, accompanied by French and Bretons. of his cousin, the young lord d'Anghien, as you have before heard, Miles was created a knight by the souldich de la Trane, as being the war was Caied on solely by the garrisons in the different towns the most accomplished knight there, and the person who had been Tewoecutywsfrteerecp h uteMtes in the greatest number of brilliant actions. When the combatants whene povns wes io Ghent, as we asro theon whence provisions were sent into Ghent, as well as from the eoun. were completely armed, with lances in their rests, and mounted, they sp~rd teirhoresand loerig teirspersmeteac oter ithtry of Alest. But the ea~rl of Flanders, on hearing that cheese, but. spa~sed their horses, and, lowering their spears, met each other wither and other things were sent to Ghent from Alost and theadjacent such force that their lances were twice broken against their breast. ag plates, but no other hurt ensued. They then took their third lance, es, soon put a stop toit, by ordering the garrison of Dendremod and the shock was so great that the heads of Bordeaux steel pierced * "Avis." Frossart calls himmasterDonys. Fee particlars of the order oftle Big" their shields, andthlrough all their other armor even to the skin, but see the Historic des Ordres de Chevele'ie. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 301 to burn and destroy the whole of that fiat country: which orders to see him, entered the town, attended only by two other persons being obeyed, the poor people who lived on the produce of their They waited on her a-t her h6tel at Celleberge, where the duchess cattle were forced to fly into Brabant and Hainault, and the greater had assembled part of her council; and, throwing themselves on part to beg their bread. There still, however, remained a country their knees, Francis, who spoke for all, said, "Much honored and dependent on the Quatre Metiers, whence Ghent drew all its provis- dear lady, may it please you, out of your great humility, to have ions, which their enemies could not prevent. compassion on the inhabitants of Ghent, who are not able, by any This whole winter of' 1389, the earl and country of Flanders had means hitherto employed, to obtain the pardon of their lord; but if t) much constrained Ghent that nothing could enter the place by you, very dear lady, would mediate between our lord and us, so that land or water: he had persuaded the duke Brabant and duke Albert he would hear but reason and have mercy on his vassals, you would to shut up their countries so effectually, that no provisions could be do a most charitable act, and our good friends and neighbors of Liege exported thence, but secretly, and with a great risk to those who would unite to assist you at any time and in any manner you shall attempted it. It was thought by the most intelligent, that it could please." not be loi g before they perished through famiine, for all the store- The duchess replied with much gentleness, "that she had long houses of corn were empty, and the people could not obtain bread been sorry for the dissensions which had arisen between her brother* for money: when the bakers had baked any, it was necessary to the earl and them, and would willingly have put an end to them for guard their shops, for the populace who were starving would have some time past, had she been able or had she known how to do it: broken them open. It was melancholy to hear these poor people but you so often oppose him, and are so obstinate in your opinions, (for men women and children, of good substance were in this miser- that it keeps up his anger and hatred against you. Notwithstanding able plight) miake their daily complaints and cries to Philip von Ar- all this, for love of God and through compassion, I will cheeriully taveld, their commander-in-chief. He took great compassion on undertake this business, and se-nd to request he will have the goodthemn, and made several very good regulations, for which he was ness to come to Tournay, where I will order my privy council. You much praised. He ordered the granaries of the monasteries and rich will also exert yourselves to gain the council of Hainault, to accorin. men to be opened, and divided the corn among the poor at a fixed pany that of Liege, which you say is ready to serve you." "Yes, price. By such means he gave comfort to the town of Ghent, and madam, for they have so promised us." "Well," said the duchess, governed it well. Somettimes there camine to them in casks flour and " I will do sometiing that you shall hear of." They replied, " God baked bread frnom Holland and Zealand, which were of great assist- preserve, madam, your soul anid body." At these words they took ance; for, had they not been thus succored by those countries, they leave of the duchess and her council, departed from Brussels, and would have been much sooner defeated. returned to their men and carriages, whhch were waiting for them, The duke of Brahant had forbidden any of his subjects to carry and then continued their road to Ghent. provisions to the inhabitants of Ghent, under pain of death; but, if When the news arrived that their people were returning, and they would run the risk of coining to seek them, they might sell or bringing with them six hundred cart-loads of provision, of which they give. When Lent came, they were in the greatest distress; for they were in such great want, they were highly delighted: these provishad not any provisions suitable to that time: insomuch that a body ions, however, from Liege were not sufficient to maintain the town of soldiers and other persons, to the amount of twelve thousand, fifteen days; but to those who are comfortless a little thing gives driven desperate by faminae, left the town and went to Brussels. On hope. They made a numerous procession to meet this convoy, and, their arrival, the gates were closed, for they were doubtful of their by way of humbling thlemselves, they fell on their knees when they intentions, inot lknowing what to think bf them. When they were met it, and with uplifted hands, said to the merchants and drivers, near to Brussels, they sent a party unarmed to the gates,'n search " Ahl, good people, you do an act of great charity: you bring comfort of provision, begging, for the love of God, they would have pity on to the lower classes in Ghent, who would not have had wherewithal them, and let them have victuals for their money, as they were dying to eat, if you had not come. Let us first give our thanks and pra'ses of hunger, and would not do any harm to the country. The good to God, and then to you." In this manner were the provisions at. people of Brussels had compassion oni them, and carried them food tended to the marlket-place, and there unloaded: they were then sufficient to satisfy their hunger. They remained there to recruit delivered out in small proportions to those who were in the greatest themnse'ves about three weeks, but did not enter any of the principal want; and five thousand men were ordered to arm themselves, and towns' they advanced as far as Louvain, the people of which place to escort back these carts as far as Brabant, and out of all danger. also took pity on them, and gave them many things. The leader The earl of Flanders, who resided at Bruges, had information of and conductor of these men of Ghent was Francis Atremen, who all this, and how Ghent was so much straitened that it could not hold advised them how to act, and also made fmr them their agreements out for any length of time. You may imagine he was not very much with the different towns. During the time they were refreshing vexed at their poverty, any more than those of his council, who themselves in the country round Louvain, he went to Liege, accom. would, with pleasure, have seen the town of Ghent destroyed. Gil. panied by twelve others, where he remonstrated so effectually with bert Matthew and his brothers, the deacon of small trades of Ghent the magistrates that they consented, with the approbation of their and the provost of Harlebecque, were in high spirits at what they bishop, the lord Arnold d'Erele, to send to the earl of Flanders, and heard. All these events happened in Lent, during the months of use their utmost endeavors to make a peace between them: adding, March and April 1382.1 The earl of Flanders determined to lay that if Liege had been as near to them as Brabant and Hainault, they siege to Ghent once more, but with a much superior army to what would have more effectually assisted them in their rights, and in de- he had hitherto brought against it; for he declared he would invade ending their privileges. However, they said, "We will now do the Quatre Metiers, and burn and destroy them, as they had been everything we can for you, and, as you are merchants, and merchan. too active in assisting Ghent. The earl therefore signified his intendise ought to pass freely everywhere, we have determined that you tions to all the principal towns in Flanders, that they might be ready may contract at this moment for five or six hundred cart loads of in time. Immediately after the procession at Bruges, he was to corn and flour, which we will allow you to have, provided the good march from hence, to lay siege to Ghent and destroy it. He wrote people from whom this provision comes can be satisfied. Our com- also to those knights and squires who were dependent on him in merce will be suffered to pass through Brabant, for that country is in Hainault, to meet him at Bruges at the appointed day, or even eight friendship with us; and, notwithstanding Brussels is shut against days before. you, we know it is more through fear than inclination. The Brus. selers have great compassion on your sufferings; but the duke and t__ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C HA PT ER X CI V. duchess of Brabant, at the solicitations of the earl of Flanders, are more his friends than yours, as it is natural that great lords should THE EARL OP FLANDERS SENDS A HARSH ANSWER TO THOSE WHO WISHEJ support each other." TO MEDIATE A PEACE BETWEEN HIM AND GHENT. THE POPULACE, The men of Ghent were much pleased with the affectionate offers UNDER THE NAME OP MAILLOTINS, RISE AGAIN AT PARIS. the Liegeois made them; they warmly thanked them, and said, that NOTWITHSTANDING all these summons, levies and orders, which with such allies and friends, the town of Ghent might do much. the earl of Flanders was issuing, the duchess of Brabant, duke Albert Francis and the citizens of Ghent who had accompanied him into and the bishop of Liege, exerted themselves so much, that a meet. Liege, having finished their business, took leave of the magistrates, ing of their councils, to consider of the means of establishing a peace, who ordered certain persons to attend them through the country to was ordered to be held in the city of Tournay. The earl of Flan. collect carts and horses. In two days they had six hundred loaded ders, at the request of these lords, and the duchess of Brabant, with corn and flour, for such stores were then more necessary to although he intended to act contrary, gave his terms of accommoda. them than any others. They set out on their return, passing between tion; and these conferences were fixed for the end of Easter, at Louvain and Brussels. When Francis Atremen was returned to his Tournay, in the year 1382, men whom he had left in the neighborhood of Louvain, hlie related to Twelve deputies came from the bishopric of Liege and the chief them the love and courtesy which those of Liege had shown, and the towns, with sir Lambert de Perney, a very discreet knight. The offer they had made of their friendship. He added, that they would duchess of Brabant sent her council thither, and some of the princi. go to Brussels to speak with the duchess of Brabant, and beg and pal inhabitants from the great towns. Duke Albert met likewise entreat of her, on the part of the good town of Ghment, to condescend his council from Ilainault, his bailiff, sir Simon de Lalain, with to mediate between them and the earl their lord, so that they might others. All thsese came to Tournay in Easter-week; and Ghent obtain peace. They replied, "God's will be done," and marched to sent also twelve deputies, of whom Philip von Artaveld was tlhe Brussels. hend. The inhabitants of Ghent had resolved to accede to whatThe duke of Brabant, at this time, was at Luxembourg on his lf' e m ut/;: s bvth~'. tIe had married one of her sisters.'airs' and Francis, by permission of the duchess, who was desirous m" 152." That is, begianing the year at January, otherwise 1381. 302 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. ever terms their deputies should agree on, with the exception that their own battles, without the aid of the greatest lord on earth, no one was to be put to death; but that if it pleased the earl, their These people were called the army of mallets. lord, he might banish from Ghent, and the country of Flanders, all those who were disagreeable to him, and whom he might wish to punish, without any possibility of their return. This resolution they CHAPTER XCV. had determined to abide by; and Philip von Artaveld was willing, ATE C if he shouldhave angered the earl ever so little, during the time he THE CITIZENS OF THENT, AFTER IPAVING HEARD FROM PHILF YOM AI was governor of Ghent, to be one of the banished men, for life, out TVELD TH TERMS OF PECE WIC HE HD BROUGHT POM THE of the regard he had for the lower ranks of people. Certain it is, COEENCES AT TOURNAY, ARCH OUT, TO THE NMBER OF PEYE that when he set out from Ghent for Tournay, men, women and THOUSND TO TTC THE EARL OF FLNDERS IN BRUES. children cast themselves before him on their knees, and with uplifted WHEN Philip Von Artaveld and his companions retuined to Ghent, hands, besought him, that at whatever cost it might be, he would great crowds of the common people, who only wished for peace, bring them back peace; and, from the pity he felt for them, he had were much rejoiced on his arrival, and hoped to hear from him good agreed to act as I have just related. news. They went out to meet him, saying, "Ah, dear Philip von When the deputies from Liege, Brabant and Hainault, who had Artaveld, make us happy: tell us what you have done, and how you been sent to Tournay as mediators, had resided there three days have succeeded." Philip made no answer to these questions, but expecting the earl, who neither came nor sent; they were much rode on, holding down his head: the more silent he was, the more surprised, and, consulting together, resolved to send to him at Bruges. they followed him, and were the more clamorous. Once or twice, In consequence, they dispatched thither sir Lambert de Perhcy, the as he was advancing to his house, he said, "Get you to your homes, lord de Compellant from Brabant, sir William de Hermenl tr-om and may God preserve you frdm harm; to-morrow morning be in Hainault, and six citizens from the three countries. The earl of the market.place by nine o'clock, and there you shall hear every. Flanders entertained them handsomely, as was right, but told them, thing." As they could not obtain any other answer, the people "that at that moment, it was not agreeable to him to come to Tour- were exceedingly alarmed. nay; yet, in consideration for the cause which had brought them When Philip Voi Artaveld had dismounted at his door, and his thither, and the trouble they had taken to come to Bruges, as well companions were returned to their homes, Peter du Bois, anxiouls to as out of respect to their lords, the duchess of Brabant his sister, learn what had been done, came in the evening to Philip, and, havduke Albert his cousin and the bishop of Liege, he would instantly ing shut himself in a chamber with him, asked what success he had send his council to Tournay with his final declaration, and what met with. Philip, who wished to hide nothing from him, replied: were his future intentions." They therefore returned to Tournay, " By my faith, Peter, from the answer which my lord of Flanders and related what the earl had said. has given by those of his council whom he sent to Tournay, he will Six days afterwards, arrived at Tournay, by orders of the earl, the not pardon a soul in Ghent; no not one." "By my troth," said lord de Raseflez, the lord de Gontris, sir John Villame and the pro- Peter du Bois, "he is in the right, and has been wisely advised to vest of Harlebecque, who made excuses from the earl why he came send such an answer; for we are all equally implicated one as much not in person. They then delivered the earl's determination, that as another. I have succeeded in my expectation; for the town of the inhabitants of Ghent were not to expect peace from him, unless Ghent is in such confusion that it cannot well be appeased. We all persons, from the age of fifteen to sixty, submitted to come out must become desperate, and it shall be seen if there be not prudent of that city, bare-headed in their shirts, with halters about their and valiant men in Ghent. In a few days, the town of Ghent will necks, on the road between Ghent and Bruges, where the earl would be the most respected in Christendom, or the most humbled. Howwait for them, and grant them pardon or put them to death, accord- ever, if we do perish in this quarrel, we shall not die alone. You ing to his pleasure When this answer was carried by the deputies must now, Philip, consider how you will relate the conferences of of the three countries to those of Ghent, they were more confounded Tourliay to-morrow, so that every one may be satisfied with your than ever. The bailiff of Hainault, then addressing them, said: conduct. You are at this moment in high favor with the people, for " My good gentlemen, you are in great peril, as you may each of two reasons; one, on account of the name you bear, for Jacob von you judge, and we can assure you of it: now, if you accept these Artaveld, your father, was formerly much beloved in this town; the terms, he will not put all to death that shall present themselves be- other, from the gentle and friendly manner with which you address fore him, but only some who have angered him more than the rest; them, which they publicly praise: they will therefore firmly believe and means may be found to mollify him, and excite his compassion; everything you shall tell them; and, toward the end, you shall add, so that those who may think themselves certain of death will be' If I were to advise, I wonld do so and so:' but it is necessary you pardoned: accept, therefore, these offers, or at least consider well consider this well, so that you stand on sure grounds and gain honor before you refuse them; for I believe you will never have such by it." "Peter," said Philip von Artaveld, "you speak truth; and made to you again." I think I shall be able to explain and harangue in such a manner on Philip von Artaveld replied: " We are not commissioned to treat the affairs of Ghent that, between ourselves, we who are the gov. on such terms by our townsmen, nor will they ever accept them; ernors and leaders in Ghent shall live and die with honor." Nothing but if the citizens in Ghent, upon our return, after having informed more was said or done at that time, for they separated: Peter dui them of the answer from the earl, shall be willing to submit them- Bois returned to his house, and Philip remained where he was. selves, it shall not be our fault that peace is not made. We give You may easily imagine, when the day so eagerly expected was you our best and warmest thanks for the great trouble and pains you come, in which Philip was to report what had passed in the conferhave taken in this business." They then took leave of those well- ences at Tournay, that all the inhabitants of Ghent were early in intentioned persons, and the other deputies from the principal towns the market-place. It was on a Wednesday morning, and the time of the three countries, and showed plainly that they would not ac- of meeting nine o'clock. Philip von Artaveld, Peter du Bois, Peter cept of the offered terms for peace. Philip von Artaveld and his le Nuitre, Francis Atremen, and the other chiefs came there; and, companions went to their hotels, discharged their bills, and returned having entered the town-hall, they ascended the staircase, when through Brabant to Ghent. Philip, showing himself from the windows, thus spoke: "My good Thus was this conference broken up, which had been assembled friends, it is true, that through the entreaties of the very noble lady with the best intentions, in the town of Tournay, and each man the duchess of Brabant, the most puissant and noble prince duke returned to his home. The earl of Flanders never made an inquiry Albert, regent of Hainault, Holland and Zealand, and of my lord what was the answer of the Ghent deputies, so very cheap did he the bishop of Liege, a conference was appointed to be holden at hold them. He wished not for any treaty of peace, for he well Tournay these last days, which the earl of Flanders was personally knew he had punished them so hard they could not hold out against to attend, and which he had promised to the noble persons just men him much longer, and that the end must be honorable to him: he tioned, who have indeed most handsomely acquitted themselves. was also desirous to reduce Ghent to such a situation that all other They sent thither their most able c-unsellors, and the principal in. towns might take warning from it. habitants from the greatest towns, who waited several days in expec About this period the Parisians again rose, because the king did tation of the earl of Flanders; but he came not, nor indeed sent not reside among them. They were afraid lest he should order his any excuses. When they perceived this, they resolved to choose men-at-arms to force the gates of the city in the night-time, overrun hree knights from the three countries, and six citizens, and send it, and put to death whomsoever he pleased. To avoid this danger, them to him; Out of affection to us they undertook the business, which they dreaded, they kept guards in all the streets and squares and went to Bruges, where they found my lord of Flanders, who every night, and barricaded the streets with chains, to prevent any entertained them well, as they said, and willingly listened to them: cavalry from passing; nor would they suffer any one on foot to pass: he then declared, that out of respect to their lord, and to his sister. and those found in the streets after nine o'clock, who were not cac- in-law, madame de Brabant, he would send his council to Tour knowledged by them or their partisans, were put to death. There nay in the course of five or six days, so well instructed, that they were in the city of Paris upward of thirty thousard rich and power. would clearly explain his determined intention, which when they ful mein, armed from head to foot, and so handsomely arrayed that should hear, they would know how to act: not obtaining any other few knights could afford to rival them. They had, in like manner, answer, they returned on the day appointed. In consequence of armed their servants, who had mallets of iron and lead for the bruis- this, the lord de Raseflez, the lord de Gontris, sir John Villames, ing of helmets. They said in Paris, when they were mustering and the provost of Harlebecque, came to Tournay, where they very their men, that they were sufficient in number and strength to fight graciously informed us of the will of the earl, and the only means of putting an end to this war. They declared his final terms for * "Hermen." Q. Helmon. see p. 298. —En peace between him and the inhabitants of'Thent were, that. every CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 30t male i'jlab;.it, excepting priests and monks, from the age of six. so with honor, for you will not find anything here. The moment teen to that of sixty, should march out of the town in their shirts, we hear of your defeat or dealth, we will set fire to the town, and with bare heads and feet, and halters about their necks, and should perish in the flames, like men in despair." Those who were march. thus go two leagues or more to the plains of Burlesquans, where ing out, replied, by way of comforting them, "What you say is very thev would meet the earl of Flanders, attended by such whom he just..gray God for us; for we place our hopes in him, and trust he may choose to bring with him; and that, when he should see us in will assist you, as well as us, before our return." this situation, with joined hands, crying out for mercy, he would, if Thus did these five thousand men of Ghent march off with their he pleased, take compassion on us. But I could not learn from his slender stores, and encamped about a league from Ghent, but touched council, that there was the least plea of justice to put to death such not their provision, taking up with what they could find in the numbers of people as would be there that day.* Now, consider if' country. On Friday, they marched the whole day, and then med. you will have peace on these terms?" died not with their stores: but their scouts picked up some few When Philip had done speaking, it was a melancholy sight to be- things;n the country, with which they made shift, and fixed their hold men, women, and children, bewailing, with tears, their bus- quarters thi evening a long league from Bruges. They halted bands, fathers, brothers, and neighbors. After this tumult and noise there, considering it a proper place to wait for their enemies, for had lasted some time, Philip again addressed them, and cried out, there were in front two extensive marshes, which were a good de. r"Silence, silence!" when, on his beginning to speak, they ceased fence on one side; and they fortified themselves on the others with'amenting, "Worthy inhabitants of Ghent, you who are here assem- the carriages, and thus passed the night. bled, are the majority of its citizens, and you have heard all I had to report to you: I see no means of remedy but a determined conduct. Y.ou know how very much we are straitened for all sorts of CHAPTER XCVI. provision, and that there are thirty thousand persons in this town, who have not eaten bread for fifteen days. In my opinion, we have THE ORDER OF BATTLE OF THE GEENT B MEN. THEY M EFEAT THE EARL but the choice of three things; the first, that we close all our gates, OF FLANDERS ND TE MEN OF BRUGES. TE MENS BY wc TIS t:) ~~~~~~~~WAS BROUGHT ABOUT. and then, after having confessed ourselves, most fully, retire into the WS BROUGHT BOUT. churches and monasteries, and there die confessed and repentant, THE Saturday* was a fine bright day, and, being the feast of the like martyrs, to whom no mercy has been shown. In this state God Holy Cross, the inhabitants of Bruges, according to custom, made will have pity on us, and on our souls; and wherever this shall be their usual processions. News was soon brought to Bruges, that told or heard, they will say that we died nobly, like loyal men-at- the Ghent army was near at hand; so that every one began to murarms. Or, let us resolve to march out, men, women, and children, mur until the earl heard it, as well as those about his person. Ble 7ith halters about our necks, bareheaded, and with naked feet, and was much surprised, and said, "See how the wickedness of these implore the mercy of my lord the earl: he is not so hard-hearted, mad and foolish people of Ghent leads them to their destruction: nor so obstinate, but when he shall see us in such a humiliating con- indeed it is time this war should be put an end to." His knights, dition, he will be softened, and take pity on his subjects; and I will and others, instantly waited on him, whom he very graciousiy be the fi'rst to offer him my head, in order to assuage his hatred, and received, and said, "We will go and fight these wicked people; sacrifice myself for the city of Ghent. Or, let us choose from tfive however, they show courage in preferring death by the sword rather to six thousand of the most determined mep in the town, and in- than famine." They determined to send out three men.at-arms to stantly march to attack the earl in Bruges; we will give him com. examine the force and situation of the enemy. The marshal of bat; and if we should be slain in the attempt, at least we shall die Flanders ordered three valiant squires on this service, whose names with honor, and God will have mercy upon us; and the world will were Lambert de Lambres, Damas de Buffy, and John de B'art: say, that we have gallantly and valorously maintained our quarrel. they set out, mounted "n the finest horses in the town, and advanced If however, in this battle we be victorious, and our Lord God, who toward the Ghent army. While this was going forward, every per. in ancient times delegated his power into the hands of Judas Mac. son in Bruges made himself ready, and showed the most eager desire cabeus, the chief of his Jewish people, so that the Syrians were to sally forth and combat the men of Ghent; of whom I will now defeated and slain, would be indulgent enough to grant us this kind. say a word, and of the manner in which they had drawn themselves ness, we should be everwhere the most honored people since the up. time of the Romans. Now consider which of these three proposi. On the Saturday morning, Philip von Artaveld ordered his whole tions you will make choice of, for one of them must be adopted." army to pay their devotions to God, and masses to be said in different Those who were near him, and had most distinctly heard what he places; (for there were with them several monks) that every Than had said, replied, "Ah, dear lord, we put our whole confidence in should confess himself, and make other becoming preparations, and you: what would you advise us? for we will do whatever you think that they should pray to God with that truth, as people looking to will be most for our advantage." " By my faith, then," said Philip, him alone for mercy. All this was done, and mass celebrated in "I would advise that we all march in arms against my lord. We seven different places. After each mass was a sermon, which lasted shall find him at Bruges; and, when he hears of our coming, he will an hour and a half: the monks and priests endeavored, by their dis. sally forth and fight with us; for the pride of those in Bruges and courses, to show the great similitude between them and the people about his person, who excite him day and night against us, will urge of Israel, whom Pharaoh king of Egypt detained so long in slavery, him to the combat. If God shall, through his mercy, grant that we and who, through God's grace, were delivered, and conducted by gain the field, and defeat our enemies, our affairs will be instantly Moses and Aaron into the land of promise, while Pharaoh and the retrieved, and we shall be the most respected people in the universe. Egyptians were drowned. "In like manner, my good people," If we be defeated, we shall die honorably, and God will have pity on preached the monks, " have you been kept in bondage by your us; and thus the remainder of the inhabitants of Ghent will escape lord, the earl of Flanders, and by your neighbors of Bruges, whom and be pardoned by the earl our lord." you are now to meet, and by whom you will, without doubt, be con.At these words, they all shouted out, "We will follow this plan, bated, for your enemies are in great numbers, and have little fear of and no other!" Philip then said, "My good gentlemen, since you are your force; but do not you mind this; for God, who can do all thus resolved, return home and get ready your arms; for in the things and is acquainted with your situation, will have mercy on course of to-morrow, I am determined to march for Bruges: the you: therefore, think of nothing but what you have left behind; for remaining longer here will not be to our advantage. Within five you well know, that everything is lost, if you be defeated. oell days we shall know if we be to die, or to live with honor. I will order yourselves well and valiantly; and if you must die, die with honor. the constables of the different parishes to go from house to house, Do not be alarmed if great numbers issue forth from Bruges against and choose the best armed and those most fit for the service." you, for victory is not to the multitude, but whither God shall please Immediately after the meeting broke up, and every one returned to send it; and, by his grace, it has been often seen, as well by the home to make ready, each according to his abilities; they kept the Maccabees as the Romans, that those who fought manfully, and con. gates of the town so closely shut that no person whatever was suf- fided in God, discomfited the greater number. Besides, you have fered to come in or go out before Thursday afternoon, when those justice and reason on your side in this quarrel, which ought to make who were to march on the expedition were prepared: in all about you feel yourselves bold and better comforted." In such words as five thousand men, and not more. They loaded about two hundred these the priests had been ordered to preach to the army, and with carts with cannon and artillery, and only seven with provisions; these discourses they were well pleased. Three parts of them com. that is, five with bread and two with wine, for there were but two municated, and all showed great devotion and much fear In God. tuns of wine in the town. You may judge from this to what straits After the sermons, the whole army assembled round a small hill, they had been reduced. on which Philip von Artaveld placed himself, in order to be the bet. It was a miserable spectacle to see those who went and those who ter heard, and harangued them very ably, explaining to them every remained. These last said to them, " Good friends, you see what point in which they were justified in this war; and how Ghent had you leave behind; but never think of returning unless you can do frequently sought pardon from the earl, and never could obtain it, without submitting to conditions too hard for the town and its inhab* "Mais je ne puis veoir. n'entendre, par la relation de son conseil, qu'ilne convienne itants: that now they had advanced so far they could not retreat; mourir honaeusement par punition dejustice et de prison, la greigneur partie du peuple and that, if they would consider, they would see nothing could be qai lk sera en ce jour, are the words of Froissart, according to D. Sauvage, which gained were they to retu are well rendered by Lord Berners: "But, sirs, I cannat knowe by the relacion of any ofhis counsayle, but that by shamefoll punycion of iastyce, and by imprisonment, row and misery. They ought not, therefore, to think of Ghent, mere shall suatie dethe the moost part of the people that appere there that day." Mr their wives and children who were in it, but to act in such manner Johnes appears to have followed another copy, but the versic'~ which he has adopted does not appear very intelligible — ED * "The 3rd ofMay.".-See l',/rt do Vxrfjiev lea ~Dates. 3M CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND. FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. as was becoming their honor. Philip von Artaveld addressed many defeat, and that there was not any remedy for it, for every man wam more fine speeches to them: for he was very eloquent, and had running away as fast as he could, they were much surprised, and words at command, which was fortunate for him, and toward the end began to be alarmed for themselves, and to make off in different he added, " My good friends, you see here all your provision: divide directions. It is true, that had they seen any probability of recover. it among you fairly, like brethren, without any disturbance; for ing the loss which the Bruges men were suffering, they would have when it is gone, you must conquer more, if you wish to live." done some deeds of arms, by which they might have rallied them a At these words they drew up very regularly, and unloaded the little: but they saw it was hopeless, for they were flying to Bruges carts, when the bags of bread were given out, to be divided by con- in all directions, and neither the son waited for the father nor the stablewicks, and the two tuns of wine placed on their bottoms; and father for his child. there they moderately breakfasted, each manl having a sufficiency at The men-at-arms, therefore, began to break their ranks. Few that time; after which breakfast they found themselves more deter- had any desire to return to Bruges, for the crowd was so great on mined and active on their feet than if they had eaten more. This the road thither, that it was painful to see and hear the complaints repast being over, they put themselves in order, and retired within of the wounded and hurt. The men of Ghent were close at their their ribaudeaus. These ribaudeaus are tall stakes, with points shod heels, shouting out, " Ghent, Ghent!" knocking down all that obwith iron, which they were always accustomed to carry with them. structed them. The greater part of the men-at-arms had never They fixed them in front of their army, and inclosed themselves before been in such peril: even the earl was advised to make for within. Bruges, and to have the gates closed and guarded, so that the Ghent The three knights who had been sent by the earl to reconnoitre, men should not be able to force them and become masters of the found them in this situation: they approached the entrances of these town. The earl of Flanders saw no help for his men, who were ribaudeaus; but the Ghent men never moved, and rather seemed flying on all sides, and, as it was now dark night, followed this adrejjiced to see them. They returned to Bruges, where they found vice and&took the road to Bruges, his banner displayed before him. the earl in his palace, surrounded by many knights, waiting for them, He entered the gates one of the first, with about forty others, for no to hear what intelligence they had brought back. They pushed mole had followed him. He ordered the guards to defend the gates through the crowd, and came near the earl, when they spoke aloud, if the Ghent men should come hither, and then rode to his palace, for the earl wished all present to hear, and said, "they had advanced from whence he issued a proclamation, that every person, under pain so close to the Ghent army, that they might have shot at them, if of death, should assemble in the market-place. The intention of they had so chosen, but.they left them in peace; and that they had the earl was to save the town by this means: but it did not succeed, seen their banners, and the army inclosed within their ribaudeaus." as you shall hear.' And what are their numbers, think ye?" said the earl. They WVhile the earl was in his palace, and had sent the clerks of the answered, "that as near as they could guess, they might be from five different trades from street to street, to hasten the inhabitants to the to six thousand." "Well," said the earl, " now let every one in- market-place, in order to preserve the city, the men of Ghent, having stantly get ready; for I will give them battle, and this day shall not closely pursued their enemies, entered the town with them, and in. pass without a combat." At these words the trumpet sounded in stantly made for the market-place, without turning to the right or left, Bruges, when every one armed himself, and made for the market- where they drew themselves up in array. Sir Robert Mareschaut, place. As they came, they drew up under their proper banners, as one of the earl's knights, had been sent to the gates to see they were they had usually done, in bands and constablewicks. guarded: but, while the earl was planning means for defending the Many barons, knights, and men-at-arms, drew up before the pal- town, sir Robert found a gate flung off its hinges, and the Ghent ace of the earl. When all was ready, and the earl armed, he came men masters of it. Some of the citizens said to him, "Robert, to the market-place, and was much pleased to see such numbers in Robert, return and save yourself, if you can, for the Ghent men have battle-array. They then marched off, for none dared disobey his taken the town." The knight returned as speedily as he could to commands; and, in order of battle, made for the plain: the men-at- the earl, whom he met coming out of his palace on horseback, with arms afterwards issued forth from Bruges. It was a handsome sight, a number of torch'es. The knight told him what he had heard; but, for there-were upward of forty thousand armed heads; and thus notwithstanding this, the earl, anxious to defend the town, advanced horse and foot advanced in proper order, near to the place where the toward the market-place, and, as he was entering it with a number Ghent men were, and then halted. It was late in the afternoon when of torches, shouting, " Flanders for the Lyon! Flanders for the Earl!" the earl and his army arrived, and the sun going down. One of the those near his horse and about his person, seeing the place full of knights said to the earl, "My lord, you now see your enemies: they Ghent men, said, " My lord, return; for if you advance further you are but a handful of men in comparison with your army, and as they will be slain, or at the best made prisoner by your enemies, as they cannot escape, do not engage them this day; but wait for to-morroxw, are drawn up in the square and are waiting for you." when you will have the day before you: you will, besides, have more They told him truth; for the Ghent men, seeing the great blaze light to see what you are about, and they will be weaker, for they of torches in the street, said, "Here comes my lord, here comes the have not anything to eat." earl: how he falls into our hands!" Philip von Artaveld had given The earl approved much this advice, and would willingly have orders to his men, that if the earl should come, every care was to be followed it; but the men of Bruges, impatient to begin the fight, taken to preserve him from harm, in order that he might be carried would not wait, saying, they would soon defeat them and return hack alive and in good health to Ghent, when they should be able to to their town. Notwithstanding the Orders of the men-at-arms, for obtain what peace they chose. The earl had entered the square, the earl had not less than eight hundred lances, knights, and squires, near where the Ghent men were drawn up, when several people came the Bruges men began to shoot and to fire cannons. to him and said, "My lord, do not come further; for the Ghent men The Ghent men, being collected in a body on an eminence, fired are masters of the market-place and of the town, and if you advance, at once three hundred cannon; after which they turned the marsh, you will run a risk of being taken. Numbers of them are now and placed the Bruges men with the sun in their eyes, which much searching for their enemies from street to street, and many of the distressed them, and then fell upon them, shouting out, "Ghent!" men of Bruges have joined them, who conduct them from hb6tel to The moment the men of Bruges heard the cannon and tihe cry of h6tel to seek those whom they want. You cannot pass any of the Ghent, and saw them marching to attack them in firont, they, like gates without danger of being killed, for they are in their possession, cowards, opened their ranks, and letting the Ghent men pass without nor can you return to your palace, for a large rout of Ghent men making any defence, fluhg down their staves and ran away. The have marched thither." Ghent men were in close order, and, perceiving their enemies were When the earl heard this speech, which was heart-breaking as defeated, began to knock down and kill on all sides. They advanced you may guess, he began to be much alarmed, and to see the peril wvith a quick step, shouting, "Ghent!" and saying, "Let us pursue he was in. He resolved to follow the advice of not going further, briskly our enemies, who are defeated, and enter the town with and to save himself if' he could, which was confirmed by his own them: God eyes us this day with looks of pity." judgment. He ordered the torches to be extinguished, and said to They followed those of Bruges with so much courage, that when. those about him, "I see clearly that affairs are without remedy: I ever they knocked down or killed any one, they marched on without therefore give permission for every one to depart and save himself in halting or quitting the pursuit, while the men of Bruinges fled with the the best manriner he can." His orders were obeyed. The torcher haste of a defeated army. I must say, that at this place there were were put out and thrown in the streets; and all who were in conm. multitudes of slain, wounded, and thrown down; for they made no pony with the earl separated and went away. He himself went to defence, and never were such cowardly wretches as those of Bruges, a by-street, where he was disarmed by his servant, and, throwing or who more weakly or recreantly behaved themselves, after their down his clothes, put on his servant's, saying, "Go about thy busi insolence when they first took the field. Some may wish to excuse ness, and save thyself if thou canst; but be silent if thou fall into them by supposing there might have been treason, which caused this the hands of my enemies; and if they ask anything about me, do defeat. TIhis was not so; but such poor and weak conduct fell on not give them any information." "My lord," replied the valet, "I their own heads. will sooner die." -- The earl of Flanders thus remained alone, and it may be truly C H A P T E R X C V II. said he was in the greatest danger; for it was over with him if he had at that hour, by any accident, fallen into the hands of the mob, who were going up and down the streets, searching every house for SAVES HIMSELF iN THE;: HOUSE OF A POO3R WOMAN. the friends of the earl; and whomsoever they found they carried WHEN the earl of Flanders and the men-at.arms saw that, by the before Philip von Artaveld and the other captains mu the market. nilserable defence of the men of Bruges,'hey had caused their own place, when *hey were instantly put,o death. It was God alone CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 305 who watched over him, and delivered him from this peril: for no lord de Harzelles, who had remained in Ghent, marched that Sunday, une had ever before been in such imminent danger, as I shall pres- or the Monday morning, with three or four thousand men to Oude. ently relate. The earl inwardly bewailed his situation from street narde, he would instantly have conquered it: they were in such con. to street at this late hour, for it was a little past midnight, and he sternation at the success of the Ghent men, that they were on tho dared not enter any house, lest he should be seized by the mobs of point of quitting the town, to save themselves in Hairnault, or else. Ghent and Bruges. Thus, as he was rambling through the streets, whel, and had made preparations for so doing. But when they he at last entered the house of a poor woman, a very unfit habitation perceived the Ghent people did not come, nor had any intelligence for such a lord, as there were neither halls nor apartments, but a respecting them, they recovered their courage. The knights who small house, dirty and smoky, and as black as jet; there was only in were there, such as sir John Bernage, sir Thierry du Ban, end sir this place one poor chamber, over which was.a sort of garret that Fleuriant de Heurl6e, guarded and comforted them until the arrivai was entered by means of a ladder of seven steps, where, on a mis- of sir Damns de IHaluin, who was sent thither by the earl, as I shall erable bed, the children of this woman lay. relate when I come to that period. The earl entered this house with fear and trembling, and said to No people ever behaved themselves better toward their enemies the woman, who was also'much frightened, "Woman, save me: I than the men of Ghent did to those of Bruges, nor conducted them. am thy lord, the earl of Flanders; but at this moment I must hide selves more graciously to a conquered town: they did no harm to myself, for my enemies are in pursuit of me; and I will handsomely any of the small tradesmen unless there were very strong accusations reward thee for the favor thou showestmine." The poor woman knew against them. When Philip von Artaveld, Peter du Bois and the him well, for she had frequently received alms at his door; and had other captains saw they were completelyi masters of the place, they often seen him pass and repass, when he was going to some amuse- issued out a proclamation in their name for all persons to retire to meat, or hunting. She was ready with her answers, in which God their houses, and that no one should break open or pillage any house, assisted the earl: for had she delayed it ever so little, they would nor be any way instrumental in raising of riots, under pain of death, have found him in conversation with her by the fireside. " My lord, They then inquired what had become of the earl: some said, he mount this ladder, and get under the bed in which my children sleep." had left the town on Saturday night: others that he was yet at Bruges, This he did, while she employed herself by the fireside, with another but so closely hid that he could not be found. The captains of the child in a cradle. Ghent army paid no great attention to him; for they were so rejoiced The earl of Flanders mounted the ladder as quickly as he could, at their victory that they thought nothing of any earl, baron or knight and, getting between the straw and the coverlid, hid himself, and in Flandors, and looked on themselves as so mighty that all the world contracted his body into as little space as possible. He had scarcely must obey them. Philip von Artaveld and Peter du Bois considered, done so, when some of the mob of Ghent entered the house; for one that when they had quitted Ghent they had left it destitute of all pro. of them had said, he had seen a man go in there. They found this vision, for there was neither corn nor wine in the town: they instantly woman sitting by the fire, nursing her child, of whom they demanded, detached a large party to Damime and Sluys to gain those towns, and "Woman, where is the man we saw enter this house, and shut the the provisions which were in them, in order to supply their fellow. door after him?' " By my troth," replied she, "I have not seen citizens in Ghent. On the detachment arriving at Damme, the gates, any one enter here this night; but I have just been at the door to were thrown open, and the town with all in it surrendered. T.1'ey7 throw out some water, which I then shut after me; besides, I have ordered out of the fine cellars the wines of Poitou, Gascony, ani la not any place to hide him in, for you see the whole of this house; Rochelle, and firom other distant countries, to the amount of s'X, thou here is my bed, and my children sleep overhead." Upon this one of sand tuns, which they loaded on carriages and sent by land to entl them took a candle, and mounted the ladder, and, thrusting his head and also by boats on the river Lis.. into the place, saw nothing but the wretched bed in which the chil. They then marched on to Sluys, which instantly subnmit!ed to them dren were asleep. He looked all about him, above and below, and and opened its gates. They found there great quantiOtsof casks of then said to his companions, "Come, come, let us go: we only lose corn and flour, in ships and in the storehouses of folreign merchants, our time here: the poor woman speaks truth: there is not a soul but and having paid for the whole, sent it by land and, water to Ghent, herself and her children." On saying this, they left the house and Thus was Ghent delivered from famnine, through thJq mercy of. God went into another quarter; and no one afterwards entered it, who It could not have happened otherwise, and well ought.the Ghent men had bad intentions. to remember it; for that God assisted them is w y' clear, when five T'he earl of Flanders, hearing all this conversation as he lay hid, thousand famished men defeated forty thousanud even before their you may easily imagine, was in the greatest fear of his life. In the own doors. They and their leaders ought p. have humbled tlhem. morning he could have said he was one of the most powerful princes selves; however they did not, but rather i:creiased their pride, insoin Christendom, and that same night he felt himself one of the small- much that God was angered with them, and punished their folly before est, One may truly say, that the fortunes of this world are not stable. the year was expired, as shall be relatedr in the course of this history, It was fortunate for him to save his life; and this miraculous escape for an example to the rest of the world. ought to be to him a remembrance his whole lifetime. I was informed, and believe my agh1ority good, that on the Sunday We will now leave the earl of Flanders, and speak of Bruges, and evening, when it was darkl, the eailof Fland ers escaped from Bruges. how the Ghent men prospered. I am ignorant how he accomnplimshqd it, or if he had any assistance, but some I believe he must have had. He got out of the town on foot, clad in a miserable jerkin, a;;. when in the fields was quite joyous, as he might then say he had escaped from the utmost peril. He C HA P TER X CV I II. wandered about at first, and camne to a thorn bush, to consider whither THE GHENT MEN SPARE THE FOREIGN MERCHANTS AT BRUGES. THE EARL he should go: for he was unacquainted with the roads or country, OF FLANDERS qUITS BRUGES, AND RETURNS TO LILLE, WHITHER SOME having never before travelled on foot. As he lay thus hid under the OF HIS PEOPLE HAD ALREADY RETREATED. bush, he heard some one talk, who by accident was one of his FRANcIS ATREEiEN was one of the principal leaders of the mob. knights, that had married a bastard daughter of his: his name was He was ordered by Philip von Artaveld and Peter du Bois, to search ir Robert Mreshnt. he earl, heang him talk as he was ps sair ohi, Robert, arestat Thou teare,?hearning htl wsho wellas the town of Bruges, and guard the market-place, until they should sing, said to him, o, art thou thee? Theniht, ho well find themselves complete masters of the town. He was particularly knew his voice, replied, My lord, you have this day given me great. commanded to suffer no harm to be done to foreign merchants, or uneasiness in seeking for you all round Bruges: how were you able other strangers then at Bruge-s, for they had nothing to do with their t escape?" "Come, coe, obert," said he ea: this s not a uaels. This order was very well observed, and neither Francis time to tell one's adventures: endeavor to get me a horse, for I am nor any of his company did the smallest hurt to a foreigner. The tired with walking, and take the road to Lille, thou knowest it."l searchn of the Ghent men was especially directed to the four trades, "My lord," answered the ksight, erI know it well." They then of jerkin-makers, glassmen, butchers, and fishermen; for they had travelled all night and the morrow till early morn, before they could resolved to put to death all whom they should find of these different procure a horse; The first beast they could find was a mare, belong. trades, because they had been partisans of the earl of Flanders at ing to a poor man in a village. The earl mounted the mare, without ing to a poor-man in a. village. The earl mounted the mare, withoutt Oudenarde, and other places. They sought for them everywherre, ofsaddle or bridle, and travelling all Monday, came, toward evening, and when they found any, they were killed without mercy. There to the castle of Lille, whither a great part of his knights who had were upward of twelve hundred, one with the other, slain this night; ecaped from the battle of Bruges had retired. They had got off as and many murders and robberies committed, which were never well as they could; some on foot, others on horseback, but all di known: several houses robbed, and women and girls violated; cof- not follow this road: some went by water to Holland and Zealand "ers broken open, and a variety of wicked deeds done; insomuch, where they remained until they received better news. that the poorest of the Ghent army became very rich. Sir Guy de Guistelles was fortunate in getting into a good situa On the Monday morning, the happy news of the defeat of the earl tion; for he found the count Guy do Blois in one of' his towns ii and his army, was brought to Ghent; that their men had not only Zealand, who handsomely entertained him, and gave him where zonquered them, but also the town of Bruges, of which they were withal to remount and equip himself again, retaining him with binj now masters. You may guess the joy the people folt, who had been as long as he chose to stay. In a similar manner were the discoen;' so lately in the greatest tribulation: they made many processions to fited knights remounted by those lords to whom they had fled; thej. the church to return thanksgivings to God for the mercy he had took great compassion on them, which was but justice, for nobl., shown them, and for the victory he had given to their army. Every amd gentlomrep ought to be assisted and comforted by each other: day there caume good news, which so much deighted them, they hardly knew what they were about. I mention thiss; for had tho 306 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. mons was brought to Oudenarde, the governor, sir Damos de HaIuin. C H A P T E R X C I X. was absent, and only the three knights before mentioned in the place THIlE CONDUCT OF THE GRENT MEN AT BRUGES. ALL THE TOW'NS I N They replied, with warmth, "That they were not to be frightened FLANDERS SURRENDER TO THEM EXCEPT OUDENARIDE. by the menaces of the son of a brewer of metheglin; and that they would not, and could not, surrender, or any way diminish, the in. NEws was spread throug.h all countries of the defeat which the heritance of their lord, the earl of Flanders, but would guard and earl of Flanders and the city of Bruges had suffered from Ghent. defend it with their lives." This was the answer the messengers Many were rejoiced at it, more particularly the common people. carried back to Courtray. Those in the principal towns of Brabant and the bishopric of Liege were so much connected with them that they were the more pleased, as it was partly their own concern. Those of Paris and Rouen were CHAPTER C. equally delighted, though they dared not show it openly. When rHILIF VON ARTAVELD, ON HIS RETURN TO CGENT, LIVES IN GREAT FOMP pope Clement heard the news, he mused awhile and then said, that THE EARL OF FLANDERS RESIDES AT LILLE. this was a rod from God, to make the earl take warning, and that WHF. i Philip heard from the garrison of Oudenarde, that they he had sent him this affliction, because he had rebelled against him. WHEN Philip heard from the garrison of Oudenarde, that theyr Several great lords in France and other countries said, the earl was neither cared for him nor his menaces, he swore, that whatever not much to be pitied if he suffered a little; for his presurnmtion might cost the country of Flanders, he would not attend to anything was such, that he never valued nor loved any neighboring lord, how. until he had taken and razed to the ground the town of Oudenarde. uni he was getlykenraged, razedt thegought lie mgtownil acofmpuienarde ever great, neither king of France nor other, if not agreeable to him; He was greatly enraged, and thought he might easily accomplish his on which account they felt the less for his distresses. Thus it falls threats; for all Flanders was inclined to serve him. After a residence onwhich account the yfeltthelssfohisistreses. usitfalof six days at Courtray, where he renewed the laws, and received the every one turns his back." homage and allegiance of every one, just as if he had been earl of every one turns his back." Flanders, he returned to Ghent. There came out a grand procession The town of Louvain, in particular, showed great joy at the vi. to meet him, and with such joy, that the earl, th eir l ord, was never tory of Ghent, and the misfortunes of the earl; for they were quar- to meet him, and with such joy, that the arl, their lord, was never relling with the duke of Brabant, their lord, who was inclined to received so honorably. The people adored him as if he had been make war on them, and pull down their gates; but they thought he make war on them, and pull1 down their gates; but they thought he their god, because, through his advice, their town enjoyed such power would do better to remain quiet. They publicly said in the town and wealth. It is impossible to tell the vest quantities of valuales of Louvain, that if Ghent were as near to them as Brussels, they which came hither by land and water from Bruges, Damme nd Sluys would he closely uuited. All these speeches were carried to tuhe bread, which three weeks before was sold for an old groat, was now not worth more than four farthings. The, wine which. was al duke and duchess of Brabant; but it behooved them to shut their now not worth more tha fourthings. The wine which was at eyes and ears, for it was not the mornent to notice them. twenty-four groats, was now sold for two. All things were iuch The Ghent men, during their residence at Bruges, made many cheaper at Ghent than at Tournay or Valencieines. innovations. They resolved to level two gates and the walls, and Philip von Artaveld, like a great prnce, kept a magnificent estab. to fill up the ditches with them, that the inhabitants might be dis. lishment of horses, ard was as grand in his h.tel as the earl of Flauq lishnient of' horses, and was as grand in his h6tel as the earl of Flan. td fill upthe dtcheswith hem, thatdetermined, when mioh be ders was at Lille. He had his officers throughout Flanders, such zit away, to take with them five hundred of the principal citizens to able frrn rbeling.The als deermiedwhenihe marhedbailiffs, governors, receivers and seJeants, who every week broug~ht ahent, to keep wthe thown in g neater f oear and suection. While the considerable sums to Ghent, where he kept his state, and was clothei,Ghent, to keep the town in greater fear and subjection. While the'cre o e ie ihfrlk h ueo rbn rer in scarlet robes lined with furs, like the duke of Brabant or earlo.laders were thus employed in destroying the gates and walls, and in C ous, li up the ditches, they sent detachments o Ypres, Courtray, Hainanlt. He had also his exchequer-chamber, where the money:Be.rgses, Cassel, Poperingue, Bourbourg, and to all the towns and was paid, like to the earl; and he gave dinners and suppers to thi,,caseo h~ Felanders, on the sea-coast, and dependent on Bruges, to lace t under their obedience, d to ring or send the eys of was not more sparing of his money where'his pleasures were con,Place attle ude towns beiec, asd tokno th i gor sumsin All oeye ocerned. When lie wrote, lie signed himself Phili von Artaveld:,fJe castles and towns, as a token of their submission All obeyed; for none d.xrped to oppose them: and, according to the summons, regent of Flanders.,.they waited oa. Philip von Artayeld and Peter du Bois at Bruges. t~hey waited on Philip von Artaveld and Peter di Bois at Binges. During this time, the earl of Flanders, who resided at Lille, had These two yed themselves co anders-in-chief in their procla reason to be thoughtful, seeing that his country was more than ever smations; but athcslarly Philip von Artaveld, who took the lead in in rebellion against him, and that from himself alone he had not any e governmen of Flanders, and, durivng his residence at Bngesa hopes of recovering it; for all the towns were so much connected ~.the governmen.t of Flanders, and, during his residen-ce at Bruges,. ahohrta hycudnvrb eaae u yavr kept the state of aprince. He had his minstrels daily to play before with each other that they could never be separated but by a very:him at his dinners and suppers; and was served on plate, as if he superior force. The whole country no more spoke of him, nor c had been earl of Flanders. Indeed, he might well live in this mag- knowledged him for their lord, than if he had never existed. He now remembered his connection withh the duke of Burgundy, who f-nificent manner, for be bad possessed himself of all the plate, both now remembered his connection with the duke of Burgundy, who had married the lady ~Margaret his daughter, by whom he had two,gold and silver, that belonged to the earl, as well as the jewels and had married the lady Maaret his daughter, by whom he had two furniture of his apartments, found in his palace at Bruges, whence fine children. He said he was happy king Charles was dead, and li~othilng had been saved.~ ~ that there was a young king in France under the guardianship of his Adetachmentof the Ghe mnasenttuncle the duke of Burgundy, who would manage and govern himn A detachment of the Ghmlt men was sent to'Marie, a handsome ouse belonging to the earl, situated half a league from Biges, where according to his inclinations. "It will be therefore natural for the,house belonging to the earl, si~tuated half a league from Bruges, where hy committed all sorts of otrages. They destroyed the house and king of France, as I should suppose, to be enraged against my rebel-.4a ncmitted all sorts of othtrages. Te etoe tehue n broe the font at which the earl had been baptizTed; andt, havinde lious subjects; for he has good inclinations, and is desirous of sigbroke the font at which the, earl had been baptized; and, having 1,3nalizing himself in arms. The duke of Burgundy will easily induce:laden on carts everything that was precious, of gold, silver or jewels, nalizing himself in arms. The due of Burgundy will easily induce sent them to Ghent. Duting a twhole foretnight, thdere wsere upward him to do so, when he explains to him their insolent pride, and that,sent;hem to Ghent. During a whole fortnight, there were upwardheibontoasthsvsalwenhirujcsrbl. i.of two hundred carts daily going and returning from Bruges to Ghent he is bound to assist his vassals when their subjects rebel." with the itmmense pillage which Philip von Artavelid and the Ghent But some imagie the ing would not have interfered in the mattmen had made by this conquest of Biges; the value of which was ter, if it had not been for the intrigues of the duke of Burgundy;.., had madeatthatitws conqiuest tof Bues;themalue ofwics worth so great, that it was difficult to estimate its worth. for, if nothing had been done, he would have annexed Flanders to When the Ghent men had done everything they willed to the city the crown of France by some means or other; for the earl of Flan. When the Ghent men had done everything they willed to the city dr a o nuhi i ao oidc i oeethmefi of Bruges, they sent to Ghent five hundred of its principal citizens, ders was not enough in his favor to induce him to exert himself in:.to remain there as hostages..Francis Atremen and Peter le Nuitre his aid. We will, however, drop at present this subject until the,e;scorted them with a thousand of their men. Peter du Bois remained proper time come, and speak of the earl of Flanders' conduct in Lille governor of Bruges, until the walls, gates and ditches were completely After his late great discomfiture before Bruges, he learnt that sir,,levelled. Then Philip von Artaveld departed, taking the road toward Thierri du Ban, sir Fleuriant de Heurle and sir John Bernage, hratd Ypres; where, on his arrival, he was met by all manner of persons, entered Oudenarde, and kept possession of it during all the events he were their natural lod, who which had followed the defeat at Bruges. He well knew that these::arnd received as much honor as if he were their natural lord, who;,111d received as much honor asghts ere nt isufficient strength t~o oppose the force of Flan-.!ad come, for the first time, to view his inheritance. All submitted kuights were not in sufficient strength to oppose the force of Fnnto his obedience. He renewed the powers of the mayor and sheriffs, ders, if they should lay siege to it, as it was expected they would nd established newlaws. Then came those of the castlewicks, instantly do. In order to reinforce and victual it, he called to him,..Hnd established new laws. Then came those of the castlewicks, kngt aesiDneldHluntndadtohm ai4 5eyond Ypres, Cassel, Bergues, Bourbourg, Fumes, Poperingue, who' night, named sir Daniel de Haluyn, and said to him, aniel ubmitted to him, and swore allegiance and homage, as to their lord you will go to the town of Oudenarde: I appoint you its governor, i ~he earl of ~~F~~landers. ~and you shall take with you one hundred and fifty lances, good men. When he had fully assured himself of their submission, and had at-arms, one hundred cross-bows, and two hundred lusty varlets with When he had fully assured himself of their submission, and had remained eight dys at YPres, he departed, and went to Courtay, pikes and shields. You will be careful of the garrison, for I give it,,remained eight days at Ypres, he departed, and went to Courtray, P idb-tnt itm where be was received with great joy. e continued there five loyally into your charge; and hasten to victual itwith corn, oats,,whs an ere he w s received withe getow joy. Huenr ontinue ther fwive ~'da us, and sent his summons to the town of Ouderarde, ordering the * "Regent of Flanders." In t he original this stands," Regard de Flandres," which itizens to come and submit themselves to him; for they risked much, D. Sauvage, on the authority of the fragment he distinguishes by the name of Sale,.seeing. the-whole country had turned to Ghent, while they alone re. proposes to alter to Regent. Lord Berners' translation, " the overloeker of Flanders.' trialued behind. The messengers also told them plainly, that if they is probably a more correct i nterpretation of the title than regent, which is only applidid not dlo usa the others had done, they might depend on having the cable tosgovernor actng as a deputy, reigning for another, whereas Von Artaveld twn instantly besieged; and that the siege would not be broken up t "Daniel de Hluiyn." This must be the person whom ha before calls Dlamos, sad Mtil it were conquered, and all put to the sword. When this sum.- DOnisux deoHaluin. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 307 salted meats, and wines from our good friends and neighbors in the to ruin and destroy the houses of those knights who, naving quitted town of Tournay, who I trust will not fail us in this urgent neces- Flanders, had established themselves, with their wives and families, sity." "My lord," replied the knight, "your orders shall be obeyed; in Hainault, Brabant, and in Artois. They accomplished their pur. and I accept the guard of the town of Oudenarde, since it pleases pose; for this detachment committed great damage throughout you to command me. No accident shall happen to it through any Flanders, not leaving any house of a gentleman unburnt, or stand. fault of mine." "Daniel," said the earl, "you comfort me much ing. They then came again to Marle, the house of the earl, and by what you say." completely destroyed it. They found there the cranle in which he Upon this, sir Daniel de Haluyn took leave of the earl and went had been nursed, and the bathing tub in which he had beer. washed to Oudenarde, which he reinfoiced with good men-at-arms, victualed both of which they entirely demolished. They pulled down thc it again, and made every other necessary preparation. chapel, carrying away with them the bell to Bruges, where they met Peter du Bois, and Peter le Nuitre, who entertained them well, and told them they had performed good services. When these men had ~CHAP ~T ~E R C I. refreshed themselves, they took the road to the bridge of Warneston crossed the river Lis, and came before Lille, where they destroyed IiP VON ATAVEL AN THE GENT EN LY SIEGE TO OUDEARDE. some windmills and set fire to other villages of Flanders. Upward PHIrLI, who resided in Ghent, hearing that the garrison of Oude- of four thousand of the inhabitants of Lille armed themselves, and narde had been reinforced with men-at-arms, said he would provide sallied out on horseback and on foot, after these marauders, whom a remedy, for such things were not to be suffered: it was a disgrace they soon overtook, slew many and seized others, who had afterto all Flanders that the town should continue thus disobedient. He wards their heads struck off in Lisle; but, had they been well purdeclared he would lay siege to it, and never march away until he sued, not one of them would have escaped. Notwithstanding this had destroyed it, and put to death all who should be found w;lhin, check, the detachment from the Ghent army entered the country of knights and others. He issued his summons through Flanders,... Tournay, where they did much mischief, and burnt the town of every one to be ready prepared before Oudenarde on the 9th day ot Sechlin, and some of the adjacent villages which belong to the kingJune. None dared disobey this summons: those in the principal dom of France. They then returned with a very considerable booty, towns of Flanders, of the Franconate and of Bruges, made themselves to the siege of Oudenarde. ready, and came before Oudenarde, where they extended themselves News was carried to the duke of Burgundy, at Bapaume in Artois, in the fields, nveadows and marshes thereabouts. Philip, by whose how the Ghent men had pillaged and burnt some villages in France. orders everything was done, lived in great state before Oudenarde. He instantly wrote an account of it to his sovereign, who at that During this time, he laid a tax throughout Flanders of four groats on time was at Compiegne, as well as to his brother the duke cf Berry, every fire, which were to be paid weekly, by all persons indiscrirni- to the duke of Bourbon, and to the king's council, that they might nately. Philip gained large sums by this tax, for no one was ex- consider of it. The duke of Burgundy wished not the Flemings to empted. He had his sergeants in all parts of the country, who made have acted otherwise; for he though it would be now necessary to both rich and poor pay it, whether they would or not. call on the king for aid, otherwise his father-in-law, the carl of It was said there were upward of a hundred thousand men at this Flanders, would never regain his inheritance; besides, on every siege of Oudenarde. The Flemings drove into the river Scheld account, this war exasperated him most exceedingly, for he was, in large stakes, so that no vessels could come from Tournay to Oude- right of his wife, the heir of Flanders. narde, while they had in their army plenty of everything necessary. The earl of Flanders resided at this moment at H~din. He there They had halls for cloth, furs and merceries: every Saturday was learnt that the Ghent men had destroyed his house at Marle, through the market, to which were brought from the adjacent villages all spite to him, even the chamber wherein he was born, and had broken sorts of groceries, fruits, butter, milk, cheese, poultry, and other the font wherein he had been baptized, with the cradle of his child. things. In their army there were taverns as plenty as at Brussels, hood, which was of silver. The bathing tub wherein he had been where Rhenish wines, and those of France, Galrigaches,* Malmseys washed was beaten to pieces and carried away. All this vexed him and other foreign wines were sold cheap. Every one might go exceedingly. While at H6din he thought of different plans: for lie thither, and pass and repass, without peril; that is to say, those of saw his country had turned against him, except Dendremonde and Brabant, Hainault, Germany and of Liege, but not those of France. Oudenarde, anrid no succor to be looked for, but from France. Hay. When sir Daniel de Haluyn entered Oudenarde, he laid in all his ing weighed well all circumstances, he resolved to visit his son the preparations of stores and provision, which were equally divided duke of Burgundy, who lived at Bapaume, and explain to him his among the garrison, each according to a fixed ration. All the horses situation. He departed from H6din and went to Arras, where he were sent away, and the houses near the walls pulled down, and reposed himself two days. On the morrow he came to Bapaume, covered with earth, to guard against the cannon, of which the enemy and dismounted at the h6tel of the counts of Artlois, which was now'ad abundance. The women and children who remained (for many his own; for, by the death of his lady-mother, he was count of were sent away) were lodged in the churches and monasteries. No Artois. The duke of Burgundy took much compassion on him, and Jog was left in the town, but all were killed and thrown into the comforted him kindly, when he had heard his complaints, saying, river. The garrison made many gallant sallies, both mornings and "My lord, by the faith I owe to you, and to the king, I will not evenings, doing great execution to the army. There were among attend to anything but the recovery of your country. You shall be others two squires from Artois, brothers, called Lambert and Tristan repossessed, or we will lose the remainder; for it is not to be suffeired de Lambres, who frequently performed very gallant deeds of arms, that such a set of scoundrels as are now in Flanders should govern bringing, back with them provisions from the enemy, whether they that country, as in that case all knighthood and gentility may be would or not, and even prisoners. destroyed and pulled down, and consequcntly all Christianity." Thus they remained the whole summer. It was the intention of The earl of Flanders was much consoled by the duke engaging Philip and his council to continue until they should starve them out; to assist him. He took leave of him, and went to the city of Arras. for it would cost them too many men were they to attempt to carry At this time, he held in prison upward of two hundred persons from it by storm. They with much labor placed on the hill of Oudenarde the chief towns in Flanders, who had only bread and water for food; a prodigiously great engine, twenty feet wide and forty long, which and every day they were threatened to lose their heads. When the they called a Mutton, to cast heavy stones and beams of timber into earl returned to Arras, he gave them all their liberties, in honor of the town, anri crush everything they should fall on. They had also, GoD and the Virgin; for he found, from what had passed in Flanthe more to alarm the garrison, fired a bombard of a very great size, ders after their imprisonment, that they were not any way to blame. which was fifty feet in length, and shot stones of an immense weight. He made them all swear to be true and loyal to him, and then gave When they fired of this bombard, it might be heard five leagues off them money to carry them to Lille or Douay, or wherever else they in the day-time, and ten at night. The report of it was so loud, pleased. The earl gained much popularity by this measure. He that it seemed as if ahll the devils in hell had broken loose. then left Arras, and returned to H6din. The Ghent men made ikewise another engine, which they pointed against the town, to cast large Oars of hot copper. With such machines, as cannons, bombards, sows and muttons, did the Ghent C H A P T E R C III. army labor to annoy the garrison of Oudenarde. They, however, THE DUKE oF BURGUNDY INSTIGATES HIS NEPHEW ICING CHARLES sTxo comforted each other as well as they could, and defended themselves THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY ITST GATES S NEPHEW ING CHARLES TO against these attacks. They made sallies three or four times a week, AE WR ON HENT ND ITS IES, AS WELL IN REVENGE FOR THE in which they gained more honor than disgrace, and also more profit URNT VILLGES AS TO ASSIST IN THE RECOVERY OF FLANDERS F than loss. THE EARL, WHo WAS HIS VASSAL. than loss. THE duke of Burgundy was not forgetful of the engagements he CHAPTER CII. had entered into with his lord and father the earl of Flanders. He set out from Bapaume attended by sir Guy de la Trimouille and siz A DETACHMENT OF THE GHENT ARMYI FROM BEFORE OUBENARDE, IN OVER. John de Vienne, admiral of France, who were very desirous the RUN~iNG THE LANDS OF THEIR LORD, BURN SOME VILLAGES ON THE earl should be assisted. These two were the principal persons of FRONTIERS OF FKANCE, WHICH CAUSES A WAR BETWEEN THE KING OF his council. They continued their journey until they arrived at FR.ANCE AND THEM. Senlis, where the king was with his two uncles of Berry and Bouro WHILE the siege of Oudenarde was going forward, eleven hundred bon. He was received with joy, and then was asked what was the men left the army, with a determination to scour the country, and news in Flanders, and how the siege of Oudenarde was going on. *" Gatigaches " — a sort of strong wfite wine, or liqeuor. The duke of Burgundy made very prudent replies to these tirs' 308 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. questions of the king and his uncles; but when he found an opportunity, h:e drew his brother the duke of Berry aside, and explained C H A P T E R C I V. to him how the Ghent men, in the insolence of their pride, were CHARLES THE SIXTH, KING OF FRANCE, FROM A DREAM, CHOOSES A FLY. endeavoring to be masters everywhere, and to destroy all gentlemen; ING HART FOR HIS DEVICE. that they had already burnt and pillaged part of the kingdom of France, which was much to the prejudice and dishonor of the realm, IT happened that during the residence of the young king Charles and ought not to be patiently borne, at Senlis, as he was sleeping in his bed, a vision appeared to him "Fair brother," said the duke of Berry, "we will talk to the He thought he was in the city of Arras, where, until then, ne had king on this subject: you and I are the principal of his council. never been, attended by all the flower of knighthood of his kigdoln: The king being made a party, no one will attempt to thwart our that the earl of Flanders came there to him, aid placed on his wri:i inclinations in fomenting a war between France and Flanders, which a most beautiful and elegant rilgrim-falcon, saying, "My lord, in have hitherto been at peace with each other: it will be proper we God's name, I give this falcon to you, for the best that was ever seln, give some good reasons for it, and that the barons of France be or the most indefatigable hunter, and the most excellent striker ol our opinion; otherwise we may be blamed, and the fault thrown on birds." The king was much pleased with the present, and said, us; for the king is young, and every one knows that he will do "Fair cousin, I give you my thanks." He then thought he turned whatever we shall tell him or advise him. If it turn out successful, to the Constable of France who was near him, and said, " Sir Oiver, it will be passed over; but, should it be otherwise, we shall be let you and I go to the plains, and try ths elegant falcon which my charged with it, and much more blamed, and with reason, than any cousin of Flanders has given me." When the constable answered, of the other counsellors. Every one will say,'See how badly the "Well, let us go." Then each mounted their horses, and went into king's uncles, the dukes of Berry and Burgundy, have advised the the fields, taking the falcon with them, where they found plenty of king; they have engaged the nation in a war in which it had nothing herons to fly him at. The king said, "Constable, cast off the falcon, to do.' I therefore say, my fair lord, that we must assemble the and we shall see how he will hunt." The constable let him fly, and greater part of the prelates and nobles of the kingdom of France, the falcon mounted so high in the air, they could scarcely see him: and lay before them, in the presence of the king, who is personally he took the direction towauld Flanders. "Let us ride after my bird," and lay before them, in the presence of the king, who is personallysadtekntohecsabe frIwlntlseim1Te interested in this business, all the events which bear any relation to said the king to the constable: "for I will not lose hilo." The the inheritance of Flanders: we shall then soon see what is the constable assented, and they rode on, as it appeared to the ing, general trish of France." through a large marsh, when they came to a wood, on which the The duke of Burgundy replied, "You say well, my fair brother, king cried out, "Dismount, dismount: we cannot pass this wood on and what you have advised shall be done." At these words, the horseback." They then dismounted, when some servantres came and king entered the apartments where his uncles were, with a falcon took their horses. The king and the constable enterod tht wood on his wrist: he was struck with the duke's last words, and said with much difficulty, and walked on until they came to an extensive with much good humor, " What were you speaking of, my fair heath, where they saw a falcon chasing herons, and striking them uncles, at this moment with so much earnestness? I should like to down; but they resisted, and there was a battle between them. It hear it, if it be proper for me to know." "Yes, my lord," an- seemed to the king that his falcon performed gallantly. and drove the swered the duke of Berry; "for what we were discussing personally birds before him so far, that he lost sight of him. This much vexed concerns you. Your uncle, my brother of Burgundy, has just been the king, as well as the impossibility of following him; and he said complaining to me of the Flemings: those villains of Flanders have to the constable, "I shall lose my falcon, which I shall very much driven the earl their lord out of his country, and all the gentlemen. regret; for I have neither lure, nor anything else to call him back." While the kino, was in this anxiety, he thought a bea~utiful hart, with They are now, to the amount of a hundred thousand men, besieging Whi e th e king was in this anxiety, he thought a beautiul hat, with Oudenarde, under a captain called Philip von Artaveld, an English- two wings, appeared to issue out of the wood, and come to this heath man for courage, who has sworn he will never break up the siege and bend himself down before the king, who said to the constable, until he has had his will on those of the town, unless you shall force as he regarded this wonder with delight, "Constable, do you remain him to it. This reservation he has made. Now, what do you say here, and I will mount this hart that offers himself to me, and follow to this? will you assist your cousin of Flanders to regain his inher- my bird." The constable agreed to it, and the young king joyfully itance, of which peasants, in their pride and cruelty, have deprived mounted the hart, and went seeking the falcon. The hart, like one him?" "By my faith, my dear uncles," replied the king, " I have well tutored to obey the king's pleasure, carried him over the tops a very great inclination so to do, and in God's name let us march of the highest trees, when he saw his falcon striking down such thither. I wish for nothing more than to try my strength in arms, numbers of birds, that he m'rvelled how lie could do it. It seemed for never hitherto have I had armor on. It is necessary, therefore, if to the king that when the falcon had sufficiently flown, and struck I wish to reign with honor and glory, that I learn the art of war." down enough of the herons, he called him back, and instantly; as if The two dukes, looking at each other, were much delighted with well taught, he perched on the king's wrist, when it seemed to him, what the king had said; and the duke of Berry'added, "1 My lord, that after he had taken the falcon by its lure, and given him his reward, you have very properly spoken, and you are bound to do what you the hart flew back again over the wood, and replaced the king on the hart flew back again over the wood, and replaced the king on say; for the country of Flanders is a dependence on the domain of the same heath whence he had carried him, and where the constable France; and you have sworn, and we also for you, that you will was waiting, who was much rejoiced at his return. Oni his arrival Fpport in their rights your vassals and liege men: the earl is also he dismounted: the hart returned to the wood, and was no more suportin hei riht yor vssas ad leg me: te erl s asoseen. The king then, as he imagined, related to the constable how your cousin; you therefore owe him affection. Now, since you are see. The king then, as he imagined, related to the constable ow in such good inclinations, do not change them, but say the same bfr nhslf;adas h odeso i acn h a in such good inclinations, do not change them, but say the same well the hart had carried him: and that he had never rode so easy to all who shall speak to you on this subject; for we will assemble before in his life; and also the goodness of his falcon, who had befrec ion hslf; n as he goodness of hirs falconl whic h ol~aal had~ in haste the prelates and barons of your realm, and in your presence src d h ers ob s:tal i te te wilay before them this business. Do you speak your mind then, as terhrewih aigmutd hyfloe anfcn jay before them this business. Do yrou speak your mind then, as lingly listened. The servants then seemed to come after them with clearly and as loudly as you have done to us, and they all will say their horses, which, having mounted, they followed a magnificent wre have an enterprising and well-intentioned king." "1On my e have an enterpsng and wellintentioned king. "On my road that brought them back to Arras. The king at this part awakaith, my fair uncle, I wish everything were ready for us to march ened, much astonished at the vision he had seen, which was so imthither to.morrow; for, from henceforward, the greatest pleasure I printed on his memory, that he told it to soe of his attendants who pr~~~~~~~~~igudo hsmmryta etl tt oe of this atnnswho shall have will be to abase the pride of these Flemings." The two were waiting in his chamber. The fire of this hart was so agree. dukes were well pleased at hearing the king thus speak out. The able to him, that he could not put it~out of his imagination; and able to him, that he could not put it'6~ut of his imagination; and duke of Bourbon now came, having been sent for by them;- andFlmnshetoafyigarfrhsdvc. duke of Bourbon now came, having been sent for by them; and this was the cause why, on this expedition to Flanders against the they related to him all you have heard, and how eager the king was Flemings, he took a flying hart for his device. to march to Flanders, with which he was much pleased. Things remained in this state. The king and his uncles wrote letters to all the lords of the council, ordering them to come to Comn. C H A P T ER CV. piegne on a certain day, when there would be a council held on the DURING THE SIEGE OF OUDENARDE, THE REBELS ENTREAT KING CHARLES affairs of the realm. Every one obeyed, as was right; but the TO MAKE PEACE BETWEEN THEM AND THE EARL OF FLANDERS. THE king was so much rejoiced at what he had heard, and so much occu. KING ANSWERS THEM WITH CONTEMPT. THEY THEN ENDEAVOR TO pied was his mind with this subject, that nothing could put it out of DRAW THE ENGLISH INTO AN ALLIANCE WITH THEIII. his head. He frequently said, "The council would be too tedious to accomplish the business well;" adding, that "when any one PHILIP VON ARTAVELD, although he had been very successful at the wishes to perform an enterprise successfully, deliberations should not battle of Bruges, and though fortune had smiled on him;t his cie. be too long; for at last the enemy gains information of it." He also feat of the earl and citizens of Bruges, possessed not any abii tics for said, when they laid before him the dangers that might happen, " Yes, war or sieges. When young he had not been educated fi,r it, but in yes; nothing venture, nothing gain." In this manner did the young fishing with a rod in the rivers Scheld and Lis; and lie clearly pioved king of France converse with the knights and squires of his chamber. his incapacity during the siege of Oudenarde. He knew not ihow I will now relate to you a dream which he had at this time at Senlis; to take the town, and, through pride and presumption, thought that and from which he took a flying hart for his emblem, as I was then it must be his, and that the inhabitants ought to come and surrender hnforied it to him. They had no such inclination; but behaved themselves like valorous men, skirmishing frequently with these Flemings at the barriers, in which they slew many and wounded more; and then retired without loss into their town. In these sallies, Lambert de CHRONICLES OF ENuA, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 309 Lambres, Tristan his brother, and the lord de Lunelhein, gained One or two citizens were chosen from the principal towns; but from great renown. Ghent six. Among the first were Francis Atremen, Rasse de la The Flemings, observing that the ditches of Oudenarde were wide Verdelle, Louis de Vaux, sir John Stotelare, Martin Blondel.Vatre, and full of water, and that they could not approach the place but Jacob Bernare, and a clerk who had been nominated bishop of Ghent with great peril, resolved in council to collect quantities of' faggots by pope Urban. Master John d'Albert, who had been dean of the and straw to fill them up, to enable them to come near the walls and church of our Lady at Tournay, had proposed to make a bishopric engage hand to hand. As it had been ordered, so it was executed; of the town of Ghent, which should enjoy the profits the bishop of but the garrison held what they were about cheap, and said, that if Tournay ought to have. there was no treason between them and the townspeople, they were When the twelve citizens had received their full instructions, as not alarmed for the event of the siege. However, sir Daniel,de to what they were to say and do, they took leave of their friends, Haluyn, the governor, to prevent any misconduct, had kept the citi. departed from the siege of Oudenarde, and continued their journey zeus so much under command, that they had not any power what- until they arrived at Calais. Sir John d'Albrenes,* the governor, re. ever: and he had strictly ordered, that none of the inhabitants should ceived them very politely; when he understood they wanted to go to dare to ascend the walls, day or night, without being accompanied England, he provided them with ships and passage-boats. - They re by some of the men.at-arms; otherwise, if found, they would risk mained there only three days, when they embarked, landed at Dover, the loss of their lives. In this manner was the siege continued. The and pursued their road to London. Flemings had plenty of provision in their army, which was brought At the time this embassy from Flanders arrived at London, the to them by sea and land, as well as down the rivers, for they were king of England with his council, sir John Montague, sir John Bur. lords of the whole of Flanders. They were also near the countries ley, and sir William Beauchamp, were at Westminster, occupied in of Holland, Zealand, Brabant, and a prrt of Hainault, the inhabitants the investing sir Perducas d'Albreth, with the whole barony of Chau. of which, through avarice of gain, privately brought their army pro- mont in Gascony, which had reverted to the king, for him to do with vision in quantities. it as he pleased; and I will tell you how this happened. King Ed This Philip von Artaveld had a courage more like English than ward, in former times, had given it to sir John Chandos, who had French. He would have been glad if they had adhered more to the held it as long as he lived: after his death, he had given it to sir former, and made an alliance with England; for, should the king of Thomas Felton. Now sir Thomas was lately dead, and the barony France, or duke of Burgundy, march an army against them to re- had reverted to the king of England. It was improper it should long cover the country, they would have been assisted. Philip had al- remain without a lord who would reside on the spot; for it joined -eady in his army two hundred English archers, who had stolen the lands of thelord d'Albreth, who at that period was a loyal French. away fi'om their garrison at Calais, and were paid every week. man. The king's council considered that sir Perducas d'Albreth, Philip, to put a better color on his actions, and to know what they having faithfully served the kings of England, Edward, Richard, and said of him in France, resolved to send letters from himself and from the prince, as well as the country of the Bourdelois for upward of the country of Flanders, to the king of France, humbly entreating thirty years, was well deserving to have this estate, which he would the king to take the trouble of bringing about a sound reconciliation defend against any one. between them and the earl their lord. He had no sooner mentioned Sir Perducas d'Albreth, on receiving the investiture of the lands of this idea than it was executed: he wrote amicable letters to the king Chaumont from the hands of the king, in the presence of the nobles of France and to his council, which he ordered a messenger to carry of England, thus addressed his majesty: "Sire, I take and receive to France and deliver to the king,. The messenger said he would this inheritance for myself and for my heirs, on condition that I and willingly obey, and rode on with the letters until he came to Senlis, my heirs faithfully serve you against all mankind, except against the where the king was, to whom and to his uncles he gave the letters. house of Albreth; for against that whence I am sprung, I will never The king took them, and had them read in the presence of his make war as long as my inheritance is left in peace." The king uncles and council. After they had been read and comprehended, and his council replied, "In God's name be it so;" and on these the auditors burst out into laughter. The messenger, because he terms he was invested. had come into the king's presence without a passport, was ordered I will now relate what befel this sir Perducas d'Albreth. When to be arrested, and put into prison, where he remained for upward he was returning to Gascony to take possession of his estate, and the of three weeks. s6neschal of Bordeaux had given him seisin of the barony, the lord Wken Philip heard of this, he was very indignant; and, having d'Albreth was much rejoiced; for he knew his cousin would not summoned the captains of the army to him, he said, " You see what make war upon him, and that the lands of Albreth and of Chaumont honor the king of France pays to us, after we have so amicably would remain in quiet. The lord d'Albreth showed much affection written to him, for which he detains our messenger. We certainly to his cousin, for he expected that after his decease he would be put make too many difficulties in connecting ourselves with the English, in possession of such of his castles as were in the barony of' Chau and may suffer for it. The duke of Burgundy is now in France and mont. But Perducas had not any such intentions. It chanced that governs the king just as he pleases, for he is but a child. Do you he fell sick; and, when be was lying on his death-bed and saw there think that he will leave things in their present situation? Certainly were no hopes of recovery, he summoned all his vassals, and calling not. Take for example our messenger, whom he has detained. It to him a young squire and good man-at-arms, named Perduch,t said will therefore be prudent in us to send to England, as well for the to him, " I transfer to thee, in the presence of my vassals, my whole general good of Flanders, as to secure ourselves and alarm our en- estate of Chaumont. Be, therefore, a true Englishman, and loyal to emies. I am desirous," said Philip, "that we send thither ten or thy king of England. But I will not, that against the house of Albreth, twelve of our principal men, that the knowledge of it may be carried whence we are sprung, thou shouldest ever make war, unless they to France, and that the king and his council may think we intend to commit outrages against thee." The squire cheerfully answered, "Sir, unite ourselves with his adversary, the king of England. But I do I willingly accept it on these terrrms." Thus was Perduch d'Albreth iot wish such alliances to be made in a hurry, nor at all if we were lord of Chaumont in Gascony. Sir Perducas died soon after, which not thus circumstanced; but I would that our embassadors should is all I know about it. demand privately of the king of England and his council the sum of two hundred thousand old crowns, which we have a just right to, and which Jacob von Artaveld, my father, and the states of Flanders, CHAPTER C lent to the king of England when before Tournay, to pay his troopsC Let them also tell the king of England, his uncles and his counsel- THE EMBASSAORS FROM GHENT FAiL IN FORMING AN ALLIANCE WITH lors, that the states of Flanders in general, and the chief towns who ENGLAND. made this loan, demand the payment of it; and that when this.shall WHEN these Ghent men were come to London, their arri'-l was have been done, which the king of England is obliged to perform, he soon known, and information of it carried to the king and his counand his subjects shall have free entry into Flanders for the time to cil, who sent to them to know what they wanted. They came in a come. "It is much better," added Philip, " that we make use of body to the palace of Westminster, where they were met first by the what is our own, than that foreigners should do so; and we never duke of Lancaster, the earl of Buckingham, the earl of Salisbury, can have a better opportunity than now to get it back again, for and the greater part of the council; but thie king was not present at. the king and realm of England will not hesitate to gain the entry, this first interview. These embassadors having made their obei. love, and alliance of such a country as Flanders now is: besides, the sauces to the English lords, the bishop elect of Ghent spoke for them English have not in the whole coast from Bordeaux to Sluys any all, saying, " My lords, we are come hither by orders from the town port, except Calais, Cherbourg, and Brest, to gain entrance into of Ghent, and from all Flanders, to request counsel, comfort, and as. France. Flanders, therefore, will open her ports to them very op. sistance firom the king of England, on account of certain articles, and portunely; for Brittany, excepting Brest, is quite shut against them, for reason of ancient alliances which subsisted between England and anId the duke of Brittany, has sworn to be a true Frenchman, which, Flanders. We wish to renew them, as the country of Flanders now if he were riot, he would so become, through love to his coisin-ger- stands in need of assistance, being at this nroment without a lord. man the earl of Flanders."'The principal towns and the country have chosen a regent,4 named All who heard him, answered, that he had well and wisely spoken, Philip von Artaveld, who recommends himself particularly to the and what he had proposed should be followed; and that whoevem was king, and to you all who are of his council. He entreats you to re. of the contrary opinion, was not a wellwisher to the prosperity of ceive this commendation in good part; for if the king shall wish q, Flannders- Philip did not delay executing it; he wrote on this sub- come into Flanders he will find all its ports open, and the coum lect to Peter,n Bois and Peter le Nuitre, governors of Bruges, and * Q " h' also to those of Ypres and Courtray, who ag'reet +.c L: proposa... t Saallshim "Verduretde a Br Irhir aephew."'Regard." See p:sjs 810 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. well disposed toward him, where he may repose and refresh him- and Oudenarde shall be surrendered to us. Do not therefore come self and people as long a time as he shall please; and he may call hither again, for those who do will be detaiti d. Advise your coul. upon Flanders for one hundred thousand men, all armed. We are trymen and merchants not to pass throgh Flanders; for we well also ordered to request from you the two hundred thousand old crowns* know, that the king of France, your lord, will make war on us, for which Jacob von Artaveld, and the chief towns of Flanders, formerly which we are prepared." lent to king Edward, of good memory, at the sieges of Tournay and These citizens of Tournay, after having heard this speech, re of Calais, and which they now desire may be paid back. It is the turned to Tournay to relate all that had passed. A proclamation intention of the principal towns in Flanders, that before anything was made, that no one should have any intercourse with the Flem. further be done in a treaty of alliance this sum be paid down, by ings, without incurring the indignation of the king. The citizens which means the king of England, and all his subjects, may say they of Tournay, who had been imprisoned at Bruges, returned; and are friends to the Flemings; and they shall have free entrance, at those from Courtray were sent back. They dared:lot deal openly their pleasure, into Flanders." with the Flemings; but, when they wanted any merchandise from When the lords had heard this speech and demand, they looked Flanders, they applied to Valenciennes; for those of Brabant, Holat each other, and some began to smile. The duke of Lancaster, land, Hainault, Zealand, and Liege, might travel and carry on their.. addressing them, said, "My fair lords of Flanders, what you have commerce through all Flanders with perfect security. said requires counsel. Go and return to London, and the king will The siege of Oudenarde still went on in the same manner. Philip consider your requests, and send you such answers as you shall be and his Ghent men were encamped on the hill of Oudenarde, on contented with." The Ghent men replied, " God will it be so." the side of Hainault, where they had planted bombards, cannons, They then quitted the council chamber, leaving the lords of the and large machines, which made such a noise when fired that they council behind, who began to laugh among themselves, and say, could be heard upward of six leagues. Near them, but below, on "Did you notice these Flemings, and hear the request they minade? the banks of the Scheld, were encamped those from Bruges, as you They ask assistance, saying, they are in very great want of it, and, ascend the river by the gate of Bruges. Those of Poperingue, besides, demand our money. It is by no means reasonable that we Ypres, Cassel, and the Franconate, were quartered near them, so should pay, and assist them into the bargain." They looked on the that they surrounded the town completely. Flemings as proud and presumptuous, in thus demanding a debt of Oudenarde being thus surrounded, the Flemings thought they two hundred thousand old crowns of so very ancient a date as forty should starve those within it; but the garrison made frequent salyears. lies, in which sometimes they gained the advantage, and at others Nothing could have happened more opportunely for the king of lost it, as in such cases must happen. However, there were not France, who was eager to invade Flanders; for if the Flemings had any attempts made to storm it. Philip would not rashly risk the been silent, respecting these crowns, and had only requested assist- lives of his men, and said he would have it otherwise than by storm; ance from the king of England, he would have gone in person to and that it could not hold out much longer, since there was not a Flanders, or would have sent thither such a powerful force, that the possibility of its bekg reinforced. A bird could scarcely fly into Flemings who were in the field might have resisted the greatest Oudenarde without being seen by the besieging army, so completely power on earth. But it fell out otherwise, as you will hear related was it invested on all sides. in this history CHAPTER CVII. CHAPTER CVIII. THE MESSENGER WtIeCH THIE GUENT MEN HAD SENT TO KING CHARLES KING CHARLES ORDERS'CODMISSIONERS TO ENTER INTO CERTAIN TREAOF FRANCE IS DELIVERED FROM PRISON. SOME PRISONERS FROMI TIES WITH THE FLEMINGS. THEIR MESSENGERS ARE IMPRISONED AT TOURNAY AND COURTRAY ARE EXCHANGED FOR EACH OTHER. THE MOMENT THEY DEMANDED PASSPORTS. INTELLIGENCE was carried to the king's council in France, that WE will now return to the king of France. His uncles and conn. Philip von Artaveld, and the country of Flanders, had sent embas. cil thought it prudent to send to Tournay some knights and prelates sadofs to England to form an alliance. And it was commonly report- of the realm to treat with the Flemings, and to learn more clearly ed,;has.he king of England, with a large army, was, about to come their intentions. They therefore ordered sir Milles de Dormans, this season to Flanders, and that he would fix his quarters at Ghent. bishop of Beauvais, the bishop of Auxerre, the bishop of Laon, sir This news was very probable, for it was to be supposed the Flemings Guy de Harcourt, and sir Tristan du Bois, to Tournay as commis would strengthen themselves by some means or other. It was then sioners from the king of France, where they found John Bon En thought proper to liberate the messenger of Philip. Indeed, to say fant and John Picard, just returned from the siege of Oudenarde the truth, they had not any right to imprison him. Hewas there- They told these commissioners that Philip von Artaveld had de fore set at liberty, and sent to Oudenarde, where the army lay. clared to them on taking leave, that the Flemings would never enter At this time, the citizens of Bruges had seized and imprisoned into any treaty until Oudenarde and Dendremonde were in their some from Tournay. The Flemings showed by this that they were power. "1Well," replied the commissioners, "Philip, with all his Indifferent as to war or peace with the French. Those of Tomrnay, pride and presumption, of which he has enough, is not master of all in rerurn, captured some citizens of Courtray, whom they carried the great towns in Flanders. We will therefore write to Ghent, away prisoners to their town. Thus was the hatred increased be- Bruges, and Ypres, and send to each town letters by a messenger. tween the men of Tournay and the Flemings. The lords of Tour- We must enter on his business by some means or other." nay, however, who wished not to make war on the Flemings, their The commissioners wrote letters to the three principal towns in neighbors, on their own account, without receiving orders from the Flanders, and directed them to Philip von Artaveld as the chief king of France, resolved to send two of their citizens to Philip von leader. These letters contained as follows To Philip von ArtaArtave~~~~~~~~~~~~~leder Tohese upemtters bewenthiem, asfol w:To thati thyo migts Artaveld, to make up matters between them, so that they might veld and his -companions, and to the good people of the three towns recover their townsmen who were prisoners, and render back, i of Flanders and the Franconate of Bruges. May it please you to exchange those whom they had taken. John Bon Enfant and John know, that the king of France has sent us hither with the good intenPicard were chosen to go on this business. They went to the siege tions of establishing a peace, as lord paramount between the noble before Oudenarde, and spoke with Philip, who, in honor of the city lord of Flanders, his cousin, and the conmonalty of Flanders. Pub of Tournay, and not out of any respect to the king of France, as he lic report says, that you seek to form an alliance with the king of told them, received them very amicably: for the king had not used him England and the Enalish; which will be unreasonable, and prejudi. nor the country of Flanders well, when he had imprisoned a ies- cial to the kingdom of France, and which the king declares he will sencger whom he bad sent to him on frien~dly terms. senger whom he had sent to him on friendly terms not suffer. We therefore entreat you, in the king's name, to send us "Sir," replied the two citizens, " you have received back your passports, that we may endeavor to bring this peace to a good and messenger." " That is true," said Philip; "but it was more through solid conclusion, for which the king will thank you. You will write fear than otherwise. Now tell me," added Philip, "what business us word what are your intentions, and may the Lord keep you has brought you hither?" "Sir," answered the citizens, "it is to Written at Tournay the sixteenth day of the month of October" have back our townsmen who are imprisoned at Bruges." "Ha," 1382.) replied Philip; "if they are detained, you have, also, imprisoned When these three letters, which contained the same words,. wer; some from Courtray. You must not lose anything for this journey, written and sealed, they gave them to three men, to carry to Ghient. so do you return ou men, and you shall have yours." The men to Bruges, and to Ypres, and to bring back the answers. They re from Tournay answered, "1You say well, and we will cheerfully t from Touny nswred, "You say el, and we will cheerfully plied, they would bring back an answer, if they could get one, and conse:t to it." The agreement was instantly made, and Philip von then departed, each following the road to. the town he was sent to. Arktveld wrote to Peter du Bois and to Petre ie Nuitre, who resided By accident, Philip happened to be at Ghent the day the messenger in Binllges, to deliver up the citizens of Toornay whom they had arrived with his letter; for otherwise those of Ghent would not have tirown into prison; and that they would have in exchange those opened it in his absence. When he had read it, he did nothin' but who had been detained from Courtray; for he declared the city of laugh, and set out soon after froni Ghent, on his return to Omdenarde, Tour~neylied wr~itten to request it. Icarrying the letter with him; but the messenger remained in prison When they took their leave, Philip thus spoke to them: "Gen- in Ghent. When arrived at Oidenarde, he called to him thu lord de the town of Tournay, which is a dependence on the king of France, letters from the commissioners, he said, "I think these French peo. with whom we will not enter into any treaty, until Dendremonde pie wish to make' mockery of me and the country of Flaidexs. 1 Otdcrowns;" each worth seven shitliags and twopence. —-CoTi.AvZ. told the =itizens of Tournay when they were here the day before ye. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 31: terday, that I would not listen to any proposals from France, nor enter death, but thou hast had a narrow escape; for since thou art hers Into any treaty which they might offer, until Oudenarde and Dendre- thou shalt have thy liberty, on condition that thou pledge thy troth monde were surrendered to us."1 At these words, news camne from to carry these letters to Tournay, and deliver them into the hands the governors of Bruges and Ypres, that they had also received let- of the king's counsellors whom thou wilt find there." Thile varlet ters, and that the messengers who had brought these letters were was never so happy in his life as when he was promised his liberty, detained and lodged in the town prisons. "This is well done," for he considered his death as certain, and replied, "I' swear my continued Philip. He then examined the letters for a while, and lord, on my troth, that I will carry them whithersoever you please, said he would write himself to the French commissioners. He did were it to hell." Philip, bursting out into laughter, said, "Thou so, in consequence, and addressed them; "To the very noble and hast well spoken." He ordered two crowns to be given to him, discreet lords the commissioners from France." and had him escorted out of the camp, and put in the road to Tournay. When he arrived at Tournay they showed him the h6tel of the ~~~CHAPTER C ~X. ~bishop of Laon, whither he went, and falling on his knees, puncC HAP T ER C IX. tually delivered his message to the bishop. They asked him news of tHE ANSWER OF IrLIP VON ARTAVELD TO THE FRENCH COMIRSSIONERS Oudenarde and of the besieging army, when he told them all he wic E SENT BY A RISONER OF WAR FROM OENADE. knew. He was invited to dinner, and was, during dinner-time, " VERY dear and potent lords, may it please you, in your noble closely questioned by the attendants of the bishop. The bishop of discretion, to know that we have received very amicably the letters Laon went away, being unwilling to open the letters without his sent to us by the most excellent lord Charles, king of France, inform- companions. When the three bishops and the knights were asseming us, that your very noble lordships are come by his orders into bled they opened the letters, read them attentively, and considered these parts, to negotiate a peace between us and the most noble them maturely. They then delivered their sentiments, saying, prince my lord of Flanders and the country of Flanders, and that the "This Philip von Artaveld seemeth full of pride and presumption, king aforesaid and his council have authority to bring it to a condlu- and little loves the royal majesty of France." Having consulted sion, as the citizens of Tournay, our dear and good friends, testify to together, they added, "The provosts, jurats and council of Tournay us by letters patent which we have seen. Now, since the king know that we have sent to Philip and the towns of Flanders: it is writes to us that he is much displeased that these discords have so just they should learn the answer Philip has sent us." They sent long continued and still exist, we are much surprised that he should for the provost, had the town-hall opened, and sounded the' bell treat them so lightly; as in former times, when the town of Ghent had which called the council together. When they were all assembled, besieged that of Oudenarde, we, by the unanimous consent of the they read to them the letters they had received. The wisest were three great towns ofFlanders, wrote to him, as to our sovereign lord, astonished at the presumptuous expressions they contained. It was to request that he would make peace with us; but at that time he did resolved that copies of these letters should remain at Tournay. The not seem so willing to do what at this moment he is so desirous of. council then broke up, and every man returned to his home. "We have also received letters patent to say, that twice you have written to us, and that you have come twice hither commissioned by the king aforesaid, as is declared in these letters patent. But it seems C H A P T E R C X. to us, that in our answers, which we have sent, we have clearly PHILIP VON ARTAVELD WRITES AFFECTEDLY CIVIL LETTERS TO TOUR. explained our intention respecting a treaty, which is, that we are NAY. THE FRENCH COMHISSIONERS RETURN TO THE KING. resolved no treaty shall be entered into by us and the country of Flanders, until those towns and fortresses which are shut against the PsILIP continued with the army before Oudenarde, a; you have towns and country of Flanders, and particularly and expressly before heard. He did not repent having sent such harsh and pointed against the good town of Ghent, of which we are regent, shall be answers to the commissioners of the king of France, but was sorry thrown open to the will of us the regent, and the good town of he had not written cajoling letters of civility to the provost and jurat. Ghent; and, if this be not done as a preliminary, we shall not treat of Tournay, pretending to show them honor, though he had very in the manner you request. For it seems to us, that the king, little respect for them; for he was not willing to increase the hatre/ according to you, means to assemble a large army to assist his cousin and ill will they bore him. our lord. We know and feel that there are double dealings going Philip therefore wrote in manner and form following: the super forward at this time, as was the case foImerly. Our intention scription was, "To our honorable, wise and good friends, the provosts therefore is, to be on sure ground and prepared for our defence; for, and jurats of the good town of Trarnay. "Very dear and gooc if it should fall out as we expect, he will find our army ready to de- friends, may it please you to know that we have received your fend us against our enemies; and we hope, through God's assist- letters, wherein mention is made of the two citizens of your town, ance, to be as fortunate as formerly in gaining a victory. ill intentioned carriers of letters to Ghent and Bruges, from the "With regard to what you say of public rumor, that we, or some commissioners of the king of France, who have been arrested and of our countrymen, have sought an alliance with the king of Eng- detained by us, and whom you entreat to be set at liberty; by which land, and that we are to be aided from thence; it is a truth that we means the love and affection (which, through-God's grace, subsists are subjects of the crown of France, and that the king is our lord between us) may be continued uninterrupted between you and the paramount, to whom we are bounden in allegiance. This we ever country of Flanders. This love, very deer friends, does not appear have performed. And even in these last days we sent him our let- to be very great: for we have received information that the king of ters, as to our sovereign lord, to entreat he would conclude a peace, France, the dukes of Burgundy and Brittany, are assembling their to which he not only-made no reply, but detained and imprisoned forces to come to the assistance of my lord, the earl, against the our messenger. This seems to us a blameable conduct in such a country of Flanders, to regain that country, and to fight with us,. lord, and still greater in him, for we wrote to him as to our lord notwithstanding the letters which they have sent us to treat of peace paramount, and he never condescended to send uq any answer. and concord, which to us does not seem to be conduct becoming Since therefore he has thus acted, we thought ourselves justified in such persons' and for which reason we are upon our guard, and seeking advantage for the country of Flanders from whatever persons shall continue so henceforth day and night. With respect to the we pleased, which has been thle cause of the embassy to England, prisoners, your townsmen, we shall detain them until we know for but-nothing hitherto has been concluded. The king may not there- a certainty the truth of this assembling of forces, and until it shall. fore be too late, prorvided all the strong places shall be laid open to please us to set them at liberty. You know, that when your citizens, us. Notwithstanding. we had forbidden those of Tournay, the last were lately in Flanders seeking peace, it was then ordered that no. time they came to our arry, in future to dare to carry any letters or person whatever should bring messages or letters without a proper verbal message, withcut proper passports; yet letters and messages passport. This however is what the lords commissioners, being have been carried to Bruges and Ghent; for which reason we have with you, have done, in order to excite discord and dissensions in, imprisoned the messengers, and we will teach them not to carry the country. We therefore entreat of you, dear friends, that you such letters, that others may take warning from their example. We will not in future send any of your citizens or townsmen to Flandersknow well that you are seeking to sow dissensions among us, and by order of' these commissioners. But if there should be anything, especially against me, Philip von Artsveld (whom God guard and that we can do, affecting your town or its citizens, we will attend' preserve,) and that you wish to stir up treason where at this moment to it in the same manner as we should wish our affairs might bethere is peace. WVe therefore warn you not to continue such pirac- attended to by you, in whomrn we have the greatest confidence, such,, *ices, until the before-mentioned towns be opened unto us, which, as good neighbors ought to have for one another. And it is thewith God's help, they shall shortly be, and to whose protection we general intention of all Fianders, that merchants and merchandise. commend you. pass safely fron country to cornte-y, without sufikring the smallesi "Wr6itten before Oudenarde the 20th day of October, in the year injmury. May God take you into his holy kcping ul 1382, Philip von Artaveld regent of Flanders." "Written at our army the 22nd day of October, in the year 1382 When Philip had written the above, in the presence of his coun- Philip von Artmveld regent of Flnnders." eil, they thought it could not be anmended, and sealed it. They then Three days after the first letter had been sent to the commissioners" considered to whom they should give it to carry. Philip asked, from France, and while these lords were assembled in council in-. "Have we no prisoners firom Oudenarde?" "Yes,"' they replied, the hall, this second letter was brought by a varletfirom Douay, whc~ "we have a varlet who was taken yesterday in a skirmish, who is said, that those who were before Oudenarde had sent it to them. from Artois." "Send for him hither." On his coming, Philip said, It was carried to the hall where the commissioners were, and reas& "Thou a,'t my prisoner, and I may, if I choose, put thee instantly to and considered at leisure. At length the commissioners replied teo 312 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. those of Teurnay, who requested their advice on the occasion: surer intelligence, and to encourage the citizens of thle principal "Gentlemen, we would advise you not to have any acquaintance towns. I will go to establish such garrisons on the river Lis, a-nd at or dealings with the Flemings, for you will not be thanked for it in the chief passes, that the French shall not be able to advance *hrough France. Neither receive nor open any letters which may come them." from them; for, if it should be known in the king's council that you The lord de Harzelles having assented to this, Philip left tme siege, do so, you will be blamed, and suffer for it. Affairs will not long and took the road toward Bruges. He travelled like a lord, having remain in the state they are now in." Those of Tournay answered, his displayed pennon before him, blazoned with his arms: which " They would follow this advice, and, if it pleased God, they would were three hats argent on a field sable. On his arrival at Bruges, never do anything to deserve a reprimand." he found Peter du Bois and Peter le Nuitre, the governors of Bru. The French commissioners staid but three days longer at Toztnay, ges; anid having informed them, that the king of France was march. when they set out on their return to the king, whom thcy. found at ing toward Flanders with a large army, and that it was necessary to Peronne, and his three uncles, the dukes of Btrry, Burgundy and provide a remedy by guarding the passes: he added: "You, Peter Bourbon, with him. du Bois, must go to the pass of tomminea, I, gur.d the river; and you, Peter le Nuitre, will defend the bridge of Warneton; you will break down all the bridges on the river as far as La Gerge, Haselles. MeuC H A P ~ E: R C X~ I. reville and Courtray, by which means the French will not be able to C H AP TER C XI. pass.. I will myself go to Ypres, to encourage them, and to remnon-.IN.G CIARLES, AFTER HEARING THIE REPORT OF HIS COMMIISSIONERS, AT strate with them, that as we are all uniHted in one common cause, THE INSTIGATION OF THE EARL OF FLANDERS WUO WAS PRESENT, none should fail or hesitate to perform what we have sworn to do. ASSEB3LES His ARMY IN ARTOIS, AGAINST TiE FLEMINGS. PHILIP It is inot in the power of the king of France, nor these Frenchmen., VOiN ARTAVELD GUARDS THE PASSES INTO FLANDERS. to cross the river Lis and enter Flanders provided the passes be well THE day before the return of the commissioners, the earl of Flan- guarded, for they must follow the course of the river to seek for a ders arrived at Peronne, to lay his aftfairs before the king and council, passage." and to do homage for tile county of Artois, which he was bounden The two Peters replied, "Philip, you speak well, and we will obey to do and had not performed since the decease of his mother, who what you have ordered. But have you had any news from our peohad died this year. On the arrival of tile commissioners, the council pie in England?" "No, by my troth," said Philip, "which I wonwas assembled in the presence of the young king, when the letters der at. The parliament is sitting at London, and very shortly we before mentioned were read; that of Philip to them, and the one hlie must receiwve intelligence from them. The king of France cannot had sent to Tournay. They considered them in an unfavorable make such haste, but we shall have received succors from England, light, and declared that such pride and presumption in Flanders before they could do us much harm. I hope that the king of Engo ought not to be suffered. The earl of Flanders was not, as may be land has issued his summons, and that the English will arrive here,upposed, displeased on hearing this: he thlerefore laid his griev- some night before we are aware." Thus did these companions dis ances before the king and council very opportunely, when they course together, who held all Flanders under their obedience, except were heard and attended to with pleasure. Thile king was advised Dendremonde and Oudenarde. to make the following answer: "Earl of Flanders, you will return to Artois; and in a short time we will ourself be at Arras, where you will perform your duty in the presence of the peers of France. C H A P T E R C X I I. I cannot better show you that I make the quarrel my own, than by I neto mr aanj ou nrris SEVERAL IKNIGHITS OF THE PARTY OF rITH EARL OF F'LANDERS, HAVING my intention to march against our enemies." The earl was satisfied with this answer. Three days afterwards, PASSED PONT-AHENIN, ARE DEFEATED AV D BILLED ON THEI ATTEM3P Toj REPASS IT, TKE FLEMdINGS tlAYINO BR1OKEN D)OWN TIlE BRII~I~. he left Peronne, and, returning toward Artois, came to Hadlf,. But PHILIP, HEARINGt THIS NEWS WIHEN AT YPRES, MAKES USE OF IT TO the king of France, like one who was desirous of marching to PILP, EARIN TIS NEWS EN AT PES, ES USE O IT TO ENCdURXC-E ThEI ImeAUIn'BIYrs. Flanders to abase the pride of the Flemings, as his predeceosors had ENOUAGE THE INHABITANTS. formerly done, set his secretaries at work, and sent his letters and WHILE these preparations were going forward, and during ithe summons by messengers to all parts of his kingdom, ordeling every residence of the king of France at Arras, great bodies of minen-at. one to hasten to Arras without delay, accoutred each, according to arms were assembling in the Tourneois, Artois, and castlewick of his rank, in the best manner he was able; for, if it were God's Lille and its neighborhood. Some knights and squires, who resided pleasure, he was determined to fight the Flemings in their own at Lille and thereabout, resolved to perform feats of arms that should country..gain them renown, chiefly through the exhortations of the Ha-ze de No lord of his realm disobeyed, but all sent orders to their vaseals, Flanders. They collected about six score knights and squires, and and marched from the mod distant countries, such as Auvergne, crossed the river Lis at Pont-Amenin, which was not then broken Rouergue, Toulousain, Gascony, Poitou, Limousin, Saintonge and down, two leagues from Lille. They rode for the town of Harle, Brittany: others came from the Bourbonois, For~ts, Burgundy, which they surprised; and, after slaying many in the town and envi. Dauphin6, Savoy, Bar and Lorrain, and from all parts of France rons, they drove the remainder out of the town. Theircries were and its dependencies, to Arras. The assemblage of such numbers heard in the neighboring villages; the inhabitants of which sounded of men-at-arms was a wonderful beautiful sight. The earl of Flan- their alarm bells, and marched toward Harle and Pont.-Amenin, ders resided at H6din, and heard daily, from the king of France and whence the cries seemed to come. the duke of Burgundy, of the great levies which were making, and When the Haze, sir John Jumont, thie constable de Vuillon, sir in consequence issued a proclamation throughout Artois, forbidding tIenry Duffle, and the other knights and squires had sufficiently any one, under pain of losing his life and fortune, to withdraw any- alarmed the country, they thought it was time for them to retreat, thing whatever from house, fortress or town; for he wes desirous and set out on their return, intending to repass the bridge, but they:hat the men-at-arms who were marching to Artois should have tlhe found it strongly occupied by Flemings, who were busily employed advantage of being served with whatever was in the low countries. in destroying it; and, when they had broken down any parts they The king of France came into Artois, where he remained. Men- covered them with straw, that the mischief might not be perceived. at-arms came to him from all quarters, and so handsomely equipped The knights and squires at this moment arrived, mounted on thle:it was a fine sight to see: they quartered themselves as they arrived best of horses, and found upward of two thousand peasants drawn -in the plains, and found all the barns quile full and well furnished. up in a body without the town, prepared to advance upon them. The earl of Flanders came to Arras, which greatly pleased the king The gentlemen, on seeing this, formed, and having fixed their lances and his lords he performed his homage in the presence of those on their rests, those best mounted instantly charged this body of peaspeers who were there, for the county of Artois, and the king ac- ants, with loud shouts. The Flemings opened their ianks through.cepted him as his vassal. His majesty then addressed him, saying, fear, but others say through malice; for they well knew the bridge "Fair cousin, if it please God and St. Denis, we will restore you to would not bear them; and they said among themselves, "Let us your inheritance of Flanders, and will abate the pride of Philip von make way for them, and we shall soon see fine sport." Artaveld and the'Flemings so effectually, that they shall never again The Haze de Flanders and his companions, desirous to get away, "have it in their power to rebel." "My lord," replied the earl, " I for any further stay would be against them, galloped for the bridge, ihave full confidence in it; and you will acquire such honor and which was now too weak to bear any great weight: however, the,glory that as long as the world lasts you will be praised, for certainly Haze, and some others, had the courage and good luck to pass the pride of the Flemings is very great." over: they might be about thirty: but, as others were following, the Philip, while at the siege of Oudenarde, was informed of every- br'.,dge broke down under them. Horses and riders were overthrown,?thing, and that the king of France was marching a large army ngainst and both perished together. Those behind, seeing this misfortune, him, though he pretended not to believe it; and said to his people, were thunderstruck, and knew not whither to fly to save themselves.'"' By what means does this young king think to enter Flallders? He Some leaped into the river, intending to swim, but they were not:is as yet too young by a yea-r to imagine he can fi'ighten us by his able trins to escape. Great slaughter ens~ued; for the Flemings fell as~sembiing an army. I will have the ontrances so well guarded that upon them and killed them easily, and without pity. They made iit shall not be in their power for this year to cross the river Lis." sveral leap into the water, and they were drowned. Sir John do'He sent to Ghent for the lord de Harzelles. On his arrival, he said Jumont narrowly escaped, for the bridge broke under him, but, by,o him: "Lord de Harzelles, you hear how the king of France is great agility of body he saved himself: he was, however, badly:~makung preparations to desttroy us. We must have a council on wounded on the head and body by arrows, and it was six weeks be..-Jis subiject You shall remnain here, and I will go to Bruges to learn *fore he recovered. At this unfortunate action were killed, the coa. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 313 stables de Vuillon, de Bouchars, de St. Hilaire, and more drowned: I stable, on hearing this, asked, "Where does it rise?" He was an. sir Henry Duffle was slain. Including drowned and killed, there swered, that it came from near Aire and St. Omer. "Since it has were upward of sixty; and very fortunate were those who escaped. a spring," replied the constable, "we will easily pass it. Order our Great numbers returned wounded from this enterprise. News was men to march toward St. Omer, where we can cross this river at carried to the lords of France at Arras, of their countrymen having our ease, and enter Flanders. These Flemings are so proud and lost the day: and that the Haze de Flanders had conducted this fool- self-sufficient, they will march to attack us, either before Ypr( s or at ish expedition. He was pitied by some, but by others not. Those some other place." who had been most accustomed to arms said, they had acted ill, to The marshals agreed to the proposition of the constable, and every. cross a river that was not fordable, attack a large town and enter an thing remained in this state the whole day and night, when, -)n the enemy's country, and return the way they had come, without having morrow, the lord d'Albreth, the lord de Coucy, sir Aimemon de established guards on the bridge. It was not an enterprise planned Pommiers, sir John de Vienne, admiral of France, sir Williuam le by prudent men-at-arms, who were desirous of success; but, since Poitiers, the bastard de Langres, the b~gue de Villaines, sir Raoul they planned their enterprise with so much self-sufficiency, they had de Coucy, the count de Conversant, the viscount d'Acy, sir Raoul suffered from the consequence. de Raineval, the lord de St. Just, sir Arthur de H6din, sir Anthony This affair passed off, and was soon forgotten. Philip departed d'Archies, the lord de Saimpi, sir William des Bourdes, the lord de from Bruges and came to Ypres, where he was most joyfully received. Longueville, the lord de Sulli, sir Tristan de l'Estouet, sir Oliver du Peter du Bois went to Coemmines, where all the inhabitants of the Guesclin, sir Maurice du Tresiquidy, sir Guy le Baveux, sir Lucas flat country were assembled, and instantly began his preparations for de l'Estrughen, sir Nicholas Pamel, the two marshals of France, sir defence, loosening the planks of the bridge, so that, if there should be Louis de Sancerre, and sir Louis de Blainville, the marshals of Bur. occasion, it could immediately be pulled down: but he was unwil- gundy and Flanders, sir Enguerrant de IHaluyn, entered the chamber ling totally to destroy the bridge, lest the inhabitants of the adjacent of the constable, to receive orders, how, and in what direction, they flat country might suffer, who daily crossed it with their cattle in were to advance: whether they should march through Lille to Con. droves, to place them in greater security on that side of the Lis. The mines and Warnoton, where the passes were guarded, or make for whole country was so much covered with them it was marvellous the upper countries of Venoye and St. Venant,* and there cross the to see. Lis. There were many debates among these lords on this subject; The day Philip von Artaveld came to Ypres, news arrived of the and those who knew the country said: "Certainly, at such a seasoe. defeat of the French at Pont-Amenin, and that the Haze had been as this, it will not be right to advance into that country, nor can we nearly taken. Philip was mightily rejoiced at this, and said with a go into the territories of Cassel, Surnes, or Verthes." "And what smile, to encourage those near, "By the grace of God, and the just road shall we then take?" cried the constable. Upon which, the cause we are engaged in, it will all end so; and never shall this king, lord de Coucy said, "I would propose that we march to Tournay and if'he should be so foolishly advised to cross the Lis, return again to there cross the Scheld, and take the road toward Oudenarde. This France." road is very easy, and we shall engage with our enemies. After Philip was five days in Ypres, and harangued the people in the passing the Scheld, we shall not have anything to stop us before open market-place, to encoarage them and to keep them steady to Tournay. We may thus arrive before Oudenarde, and punish Philip their engagements, telling them that the king of France was coming von Artaveld. We can have daily refreshments of provisions come to destroy them without the least shadow of right. "Good people," to us from Hainault, and follow us down the river from Tournmay." said Philip, "do not be alarmed if he should march against us; for This speech of the lord de Coucy was well attended to, and supported he will never be able to cross the river Lis, as I have had all the by several for some time: but the constable and marshals were more passes well guarded, and have ordered Peter du Bois to Commines inclined to follow the course of the Lis, to seek a shorter passage, with a large body of men: he is a loyal man, and one who loves the than to march to the right or left, by a longer road; and they urged honor of Flanders; and Peter le Nuitre I have sent to Warneton; all strong reasons for it, saying, "If we look for any other road but the the other bridges on the Lis are broken down, and there is neither straight one, we do not show ourselves good men-at.arms; at least pass nor ford which they can cross but at these two towns. I have it is our duty to examine if we cannot pass the river above or below also heard from our friends whom we sent to England. In a short this pass of Commines, which is guarded. Besides, if we retreat, time we shall receive considerable succors from thence, aS we ha.vre our enemies will rejoice and be encouraged: their forces will in. rade a strong alliance with them. Keep up, therefore, valiantly crease, and they will say that we fly from them. There is also your hopes, for our honor shall be unsullied; and observe punctually another point which ought to be considered: we are ignorant what what you have promised and sworn to us in the good town of Ghent, has been the success of the embassadors they sent to England; for which has had such trouble and difficulty to maintain the rights and if, by any treaty, assistance should come to them from that quarter, franchises of Flanders. Now, let all those who are determined to they will give us much trouble. It is therefore better that we get remain steady to the cause, according to the oath they took, gallantly rid of this business in Fianp. as speedily as possible, than bo thus lift up their hands to heaven as a token of loyalty." long in determining upon it. Let us instantly, and with courage, At these words, all who were in the market-place, and who had march toward Cornmines, and God will assist us. We have so often heard the speech, held up their hands as a sign of their loyalty. crossed and recrossed larger rivers than this Lis, that it cannot long After this,'Philip descended from the scaffold on which he had ha. prevent us from passing it. Happen what may, when we are on its rangued, and returned to his house, where he remained the whole banks we can then form our opinions; and when those of our comday. On the morrow, he and his attendants mounted their horses pany in the vanguard (who have for these twenty or thirty years and went toward Oudenarde, where the siege was still going on, seen many more dangerous passes than this) have crossed this river, notwithstanding the news of the French; but on passing through and gained the other side, our enemies will be a hundred times more Courtray, he rested two days. frightened than if we had marched at our ease, seeking a passage on the right or left, out of our direct road: we may then consider ourselves as lords of Flanders." C H A P T EH C X I I I. This plan was unanimously adopted. During the time these lords were assembled, they considered how they should form their battal. T HE ORDER OF THE FRENCH ARMY It ITS MARCH TO FLANDGERS, AFTER ions; and selected those who were to march on foot with the conTHEY HAD HERD THE BRIDES WERE BOEN AND GURDED. stable in the vanguard, in order to clear the roads for the army to WE will for a while leave Philip von Artaveld, and speak of the pass and march in a line, and to act as scouts to observe and find young king of France, who resided at Arras, and who, as he showed, out their enemies. They also chose those who were to. be in the had a great desire to enter Flanders, to lower the pride of the Flem- king's battalion, regulated the arms with which they should serve, ings; and was daily increasing his army, by the arrival of men-at- and appointed proper persons to carry the oriflamme of France and arms from all quarters. After the king had tarried eight days at to guard it; and likewise determined of what numbers the wings Arras, he went to Lens, in Artois,* where he staid two days. On were to be composed, and how many were to be in the rear-gnard. the third day of November he departed and came to Seclin,t where All these things they debated and arranged. When these points had he halted. A council was held, in the presence of the constable of been settled, and they could not think of anything more that was France, the marshals of France,.Burgundy and Flanders, to consider necessary to be done, the council broke up, and every one retired to how they should proceed; for the common report in the army was his lodgings. Those lords and barons who had not been present the impossibility to enter Flanders in case the passes of the river were informed of the regulations, and the manner in which they should be strongly guarded. It rained, besides, at this time contin- were to act firom henceforward. It was this day ordered, that the nially, and was so exceedingly cold that they could not advance. king should. on the morrow dislodge from Seclin, march through Some of the wisest said it was wrong to unidertake such an expedi- Lille without halting, and take up his quarters at Margnette l'Ab. tion at this season of the year, and to bring the king so far into such bayee; and that the vanguard should pass on to Cormnines cud a country. They ought not:to have united before the summer to Warneton, and do the most they could in the course of the day carry the war into Flanders, for the king had never been so far in This being settled, the master of the cross-bows, in conjunction with his life, the constable and marshals, unanimously appointed sir Josse de IHa-.... river Lis is so difficult to cross, that, except at certain places, luyn and the lord de Rambures to the command of the infantry, who it cannot be passed. There are nd fords, and the country it runs were to clear the roads by cutting down hedges and forests, filling throuagh is so very marshy, horses cannot approach it. The con- up valleys, and everything else that might be necessary: their nun~ -------— ~ -~ ~bers amounted to seventeen hundred and sixty. * "Lens " —a town in Artois on the Soochets, four leagues from Bethune. h nt u d t "S 8eclin " —an ancient town in Flanders, near Lille. * A town in Artoia on the Lis. four leanues from Bethwet.. 314 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. In the vanguard were the marshals of Flanders, France and Bur- against all who might wish to attack them: they were upward of gundy, who had under their command seventeen hundred men-at- nine thousand, under the command of Peter du Bois and others, who arms and seven hundred cross-bows, besides four thousand infantry showed good inclinations to repulse any attempt. Peter du Bois had whom the earl had given to them, armed With large shields and other placed himself on the causeway, at the end of the bridge, with a weapons. It was also ordered that the earl of Flanders, and his battle-axe in his hand; and the Flemings were drawn up on each battalion, consisting of about sixteen hundred men-at-arms, knights, side. iquires and infantry, should march on the wings of the vanguard to The constable of France and the lords with him, having con. einforce it, should it be necessary. It was likewise ordered that sidered the situation, thought it impossible to pass the river at that the king's battalion should march between the vanguard and the place unless the bridge were rebuilt; they ordered their servants to battalion of the earl of Flanders, and that the king's three uncles, follow the course of the river, and examine its banks for about a Berry, Burgundy and Bourbon should be in it; and also the count league up and down. When they returned, they informed their mas. de la Marche, sir James de Bourbon, his brothers, the count de Cler- ters, who were waiting for them, they had not been able to find any mont, the dauphin d'Auvergne, the count de Dampmartin, the count place where the cavalry could pass. Upon hearing this, the con. de Sancerre, sir John de. Boulogne, to the amount of' six thousand stable was much vexed, and said. "We have been badly advised to -.;-nat-arms, two thousand Genoese cross-bows and others. take this road: better would it have been for us. to have gone to St. The rear-guard was to consist of two thousand men-at-arms and Omer than remain in this danger, or to have crossed the Scheld at two hundred archers; the commanders of which were the lord John Tournay, as the lord de Coucy advised, and to have marched straight d'Artois count d'Eu, the lord Guy count de Blois, sir Waleran count to Oudenarde and fought our enemies, since it is both our duty and de St. Pol, sir William count de Harcourt, the lord de Chatillon and inclination to combat them; and they are so presumptuous they the lord de Sere. would have waited for us at their siege." The lord Louis Sancerre Sir Peter de Villiers was appointed to bear the Oriflamme, attended by four knights, whose names were _-_::"_ Rir Robert le Baveux, sir... Morice de Sancourt, sir Guy _... de Tresiquidi and Brandon p. — V_ de la Heuse: le borgrne de Ruet and le borgne de Mont... doulcet were named to guard.. _.. the banner. __ It is proper to be known,. that the lords who had planned this expedition had de. --- - -— _' termined they would never __ return to France until they had engaged Philip von Artaveld and his forces, and it tam was for this reason they had drawn up their battalions as ready for the combat on the morrow. The lords d'Al- 1Hugh de Hanlon were ordered to form the battalions and place them in array. csb' e( Sir William de Bannes and the lord de Champreny were appointed marshals to attend to the buarters of the king and his battalion. It was also ordered, that l- te on the day of battle, no one to sm Lto but the king and eight val iant men appointed to attend cou-i w u hf his person, should be on -. - -- horseback. The names of A FRlNcH KNIGHT UNFURLING THE OuIFLAMME.-Designed from contemporary authorities. these eight men were as follows: the lord de Raineval, le bwgue de Villaines, sir Aymnemon de Pommiers, sir Enguerrant then said, "I am of opinion that we fix our quarters here for this de Haluyn, the viscount d'Acy, sir Guy le Baveux, sir Nicholas de day, and lodge our army, should it arrive, as well as we are able; Pcnnel and sir William des Bourdes. The lord de Raineval and and that we send to Lille to seek for boats and hurdles, that may sir Enguerrant de Haluyn were to take post in front of the king: le come down the river, with which to-morrow we can throw a bridge bmgue de Villaines and the viscount d'Acy (who is called in several from these fine meads and cross over; for we have no other alternaplaces hereafter the viscount d'Aunoy) were to place themselves on tive."m Upon this, sir Josse de Haluyn said, " My lord, we have each side; and sir Aymemon de Pommiers, sir Nicholas de Pennel, been informed that there will be great difficulties between this and sir Guy le Baveux and sir William des Bourdes, were to take post in Lille; for the river Menyn, on which all boats must pass to come the rear. It was likewise ordered, that on the day of battle, sir Oliver hither, has been obstructed by large beams thrown across it by the de Clisson, constable of France, and sir William de Poitiers, bastard Flemings who are in those parts: they have totally destroyed the de Langres, should advance on horseback, to reconnoitre and observe bridge, and we learn it is impossible for any vessels or boats to pass." the appearance of the enemy. "I know not then," added the constable, "' what we can now do. It will be better for us to take the road to Aire, and cross the Lis at that place, since we are unable to do so here." C H A P T ER C~x I v~. During the time the constable and marshals of France and Burgundy where in this dilemma at the bridge of Comnmines, several 8OME FEW OF THE FRENCs, NOT BEING ABLE TO CROSS THIE LIS AT THE knights and squires silently withdrew, with the intent to hazard some BRIDGE OF COMnINES, FIND MEANS OF DOING SO, BY BOATS AND OTHER gallant deeds of arms and attempt to cross the river, whatever it CRAFT, UNKNOWN TO THE FLEMINGS. might cost them. They meant likewise to combat the Flemings in TuE orders above mentioned were punctually obeyed; and the their intrenchments, and open a passage, as I shall now relate. vanguard dislodged on the morrow, marching in order of battle to- While the vanguard was on its march from Lille to Conmmines, the ward Commines. They found the roads well made, for the lord de lord de St. Py, and some other knights firom IHainault, Flanders, ArFransures* and sir.Iosse de Haluyn had paid great attention to them: tois, and even France, had held a council without the knowledge of tins was on the Monday. When the constable and marshals of the constable or marshals. They said, "We will procure two or France, with the vanguard, arrived at the bridge of Commines, they three boats, which we will launch into the river Lis, at a sheltered were forced to halt; for it was so completely destroyed, that it was place below Commines, and will fix posts on each side of the river was not in the power of man to repair it, if any opposition should be where it is not wide, to fasten cords to. We shall by this means made when they were attempting it, as the Flemings were in great soon convey over a large body of men, and by marching -mn the rear force on the opposite side of the river, and ready to defend the pass of our enemies we may attack them, and, if victorious, we shall gain *e "Fransures." He before calls him Rambures. the reputation of valiant men-at-arms." After they had thus detr_ CHROtNICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 31& rained in council, the lord de St. Py exerted himrnself so much that out bolts of iron beyond the bridge, even as far as the town of Combe procured from Lille a boat and cords, with every other necessary mines. The skirmish now began to be very sharp, and the van article. On the other hand, sir Herbeaux de Belleperche and sir guard, by their movements, seemed determined to cross the bridge John de Roye, who were companions in this expedition, had also if they could. The Flemings, being shielded up to their noses, caused a boat to be brought. Sir Henry de Manny, sir John de made a good appearance, and defended themselves well. Thus MIalatrait and sir John Chauderon, Bretons, who had been of this passed this day, which was a Monday, inskirmishing; and it was council, had likewise provided one, and followed the preceding soon dark, for at that season the days are very short. The boats, companies. howevewr, continued to carry over men-at.arms in great number., The lord de St. Py was the first who arrived at the river with his who, on their landing, hid themselves in the alder wood, waiting boat, cords and fastenings. They fixed a strong stake to which for more. they tied the cord: three varlets then crossed over, and the boat, You may easily guess what perils they were in; for, had those in with the cords, being launched, they fixed on the opposite side Commines gained the least intelligence of them, they nmust have had another strong post, to which they fastened the other. end of the them at their mercy, and conquered the greater part, besides taking cord: and, this being done, they returned with the boat to their the boats; but God favored the other party, and consented that the master. It happened that the constable and marshals of France pride of the Flemings should be humbled. were at that time at the bridge of Comnmines, pondering how they could discover a passage. They were then informed of the intentions of the lord de St. Py and the other knights. Upon which the CHAPTER CXv. constable, addressing himself to the lord Louis de Sancerre, said, "Marshal, go and see what they are doing, and if it be possible to A SMALL BODY OF FRENCH, HAVING CROSSED -HE LIS, DRAW UP IN BIATTLE ARRAY BEFORE THE FLEMINGS. cross the river in the manner they propose, add some of our men to ATTLE RRAY BFORE THE FLEMNGS. theirs." I MAINTAIN, that all men of understanding must hold this enter. Just as these knights were preparing to embark, the marshal of prise of the boats, and passage of men-at-arms, as a deed of superior France came thither, attended by a large company of knights and valor and enterprise. Toward evening, the knights and squires of squires. They made way for him, as was right. He stopped on the the vanguard were eager to cross with their companions; and the bank, and with pleasure saw the arrangement of the boats. The lord de Laval, the viscount de Rohan, the lord de la Belliere, the lord de St. Py, addressing him, said, " My lord, is it agreeable to lord de Combort, sir Oliver du Guesclin, le Barrois des Barres, the you that we should cross here?" "I am very well pleased with it," lord de Collet, sir Reginald de Thouars, the lord do Pousanges, sir replied the marshal; "but you are running great riskls; for if our William de Lignac, sir Walter do Passat, le sire de Thouars, sit enemies, who are at Comrnmines, should know your intentions, they Louis de Consaule, sir Tristan de la Jaille, the viscount de Meaux, would (to you great mischief." " My lord," answered the lord de the lord de Mailly, passed over, and Bretons, Flemings, Poitevin, Saint Py, "nothing venture nothing win: in the name of God and French, Berruyers, Burgundians, Artois-men, Troyens, and Hain St. George, we will cross over, and, before to-morrow evening, will aulters, in numbers, so that late in this Monday evening there were, fall suddenly on our enemies and attack them." The lord de Saint on the Flanders side of the river, about four hundred men-at-arms, Py then phlced his pennon in the boat, and was the first who stepped all the flower of knighthood: for no varlet was suffered to cross. inlto it: he was followed by nine others, who were as many as the The lord Louis de Sanccrre, seeing so many gallant men (sixty boat could hold: and instantly, by means of the cord they held, banners and thirty pennons,) said, he should think himself to blame, crossed over. When disembarked, in order to prevent themselves if he remained behind. Ile then entered the boats, with his knights from being discovered, they entered a small alder grove, where they and squires; and the lord de Hangest, & r. crossed at the same time. lay hidden. Those on the bank, by means of the cord, drew the When they were all assembled, they said, "' It is time to march boat back. The count de Conversant, lord d'Anghien, embarked toward Commines, to loolk at our enemis:s, and see if we cannot w;ith his banner, with the lord de Vertain his brother, and seven make our quarters good in the town." Upon this, they tightened others. These' nine then passed, and the third time others followed their arms, buckled their helmets on their lheads in a proper manner, thiem. and advancing through the marshes whio:h are contiguous to the'IThe two other boats now arrived that belonged to sir Herbaut de river, marched in order of battle, with bannei s and pennons displayed, Belleperche, sir John de Roye and the Bretons, which were launched as if they were immediately to engage. The Ibrd de Saint Py was in the same manner the first had been. These knights then crossed, the principal conductor and commander-in-chief, because he knew and none but determined men.at-arms did the same. It was a pleas- the country better than any of the others. ure to see with what eagerness they embarked: at times a great As they were thus marching in close order, in their way toward crowd was pushing who should cross first, so that if the marshal of the town, Peter du Bois and the Flemings were drawn up on the France had not been there, who kept them in proper order, accidents causeway; when, casting their eyes toward the meads, they saw would have happened from their overloading the boats. this body of men-at-arms approaching. They were exceedingly News was brought to the constable and the lords of France at the astonished, and demanded from Peter du Bois, "by what devil of a bridge of Cornmines, how their people were crossing the river, when road have these men-at-arms come? and how have 1hey crossed the he said to the s6neschal de Rieux, "Go and examine this passage, Lis?" He replied, "They must have crossed in boats, and we I beg of you, and see if our people be passing as they tell us." The have known nothing of the matter; for there is neither bridge nor lard de Ricux was never happier than when he had this commision, passable ford over the Lis between this and Courtray." "What and, clapping spurs to his hose, hastened thither with his whole shall we do?" said some of them to Peter du Bois: "shall we offer company, to the amount of full forty men-at-arms. When he arrived them battle?" "By no means," replied Peter: "let them advance: at the passage where one hundred and fifty of his countrymen had but we will remain in our strength and in our place: we are on high already crossed, he immediately dismounted, and said he would also ground, and they on low, so that we have great advantage over pass the river. The marshal of France would not refuse him; and them; and, if we descend to meet them in the plain, we shall lose intelligence was sent to the constable, that his cousin the lord de it. Let us wait until the night become more obsctvre, and then we Rieux had crossed. The constable mused a little, and then said, will consider how we had best act. They are oit of force sufficient "Make the cross-bows shoot, and skirmish with the Flemings who to withstand us in battle: and, besides, we are acquainted with all are on the other side of the bridge, to occupy their attention, and the roads of the country, of which they must be ignorant." This prevent them from observing our people; for, if they should have advice was followed; for the Flemings never budged from their any notion what they are about, they will fall upon them, destroy post, but remained steady at the foot of the bridge, drawn up in the passage, and kill all those who have crossed: and I would much order of battle on the causeway, in silence, and, by their appearance, rather die than that should happen." seemed as if they had not noticed what was'passing. Those who Upon this, the cross-brows and infantry advanced. There were had crossed the river continued advancing slowly through the marshes, among them some who flung hand-grenades,* which bursting, cast following the course of it as they approached Commines. The constable of France, on the opposite side of the water, saw his * I call bombards,:and-grenades: to my mind, it explains this passage mom easily, men-al-arms, with banners and pennons fluttering in the wind, drawn Llrd Berners totally omits it. up in a handsome small battalion, andmarching toward Comines. [Tbe original is as follows: "Et y en avoit aucun autres qui gettoyent bombardes in hs sl bati n a dm r to ad aie portatiovr et qusi gettoyernt eros carreaux empenoez rde fer, et les faisoienit voler outre On seeing this, hs blood began to run cold from the great dread he e pont, jlrsqe: ht sI ruille de Cornmines;" literally, "nod they hsar tlere smone otheors had of their being defeated; for he knew the Flemings were in great who threw portable bombards, and which (or who) threw large quarrels (cross-bow force on that side of the water. In the excess of rage, he cied out, bols) pointed with iron, and made them fly beyond the bridge as for as the town of Ah, St. Ives! ha, St. George! ha, our Lady! what do I see there? ~roiwties." The construction of the original sentence is such as to render it obscure;' it omt clear wlhether the soldiers, or the bombards, threw the qurranels into the town, I see in part the flower of our army, who are most unequally matched. Ii fior, rot appear that the town wass near enough for the soldiers to throw grenades I would rather have died than have witnessed this. Ah! sir Louis into ii, overr trre river, and it is difficult to believe thit the explhsion of a hand-gremsde do Sencerre, I thought you more temperate and better taught than I could do damarige rt aniy conrsiderablle dislarnce. Most of tire cannons made about the tire, wrlhen they began to be in general use, were of small dimensions, and were fitted with rirlgs at trre sides, bhi which they were arnied; to such, the term "portable bom- imrproper repetition of the word "gettoyent"'has rendered a passage, at first perfectly bards" may hie justly applier), but grenades adapted to be thrown by the Iiand would, plain, inelegant, and unintelligible. Mr. Johnes having once takein up the idea of the in all probab~ility, have bren more particularly distinguished. It we read, "Tlrey fad hand-grenade (which, accorniing to all received accounts, was not invented till long there some others who cam-ied portable bombards which threw," &;c., we shrill proba- after tire events narrated is the text,) has spooken of their buirsting, a circumstance not bly reetore tire true text, and tie sentence becomes at once perfectly clear. Those who alluded to by Froissait. Lord Berners, who, though bie does not speaik of grenades, are at mill asrpmn intol with the narture of the errors which creop into and are continued does siot omit the bombards, says, "Then the cross-bowes and men a-fete, and gun-. m mecated MS. transcripts, will readily perceive the cause, in this instance, whiehe the nert, shote over the bridge into the towne." —ED. J 316 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. see you now are; how could you have hazarded so many noble near the enemy, were far from being comfortable: some of them were knights and squires, and men-at-arms, against ten or twelve thousand up to their ancles in mud, and others half way up their legs. But thei, men, who are proud, presumptuous, and well prepared, and who will eagerness and joy, on gaining this pass with so much honor (for verj show them no mercy, while we are unable, if there should be a neces- gallant deeds of arms were likely to ensue.,) made them forget all theii sity, to aid them? Ah, Rohan! ah, Laval! ah, Rieux! ah, Beauma- pains and difficulties. If it had been in summer-time, instead of the noir! ah, Longueville! ah, Rochfort!.h, Manny! ah, Malatrait! seventh day of November, they would have enjoyed it; but now the ah, Conversant! ah, such a one and such a one, how afflicted am I ground was cold, muddy and dirty, and the nights were long. At for you all! when, without consulting me, you have run into such times also it rained heavily on their heads, but it ran off, as they had imminent danger. Why am I constable of France? for, if you be their helmets on and everything prepared for the combat, and were conquered, I shall incur a"_ the blame, and they will say I ordered only waiting for the enemy to come and attack them. The great you on this mad enterprise." The constable, before he heard that attention they paid to be in readiness kept up their spirits, and made such numbers of valiant men had crossed, had forbidden any of those them almost forget their situation. near him to pass the river; but, when he saw the appearance of The lord de Saint Py full loyally acquitted himself in this expethose who had passed, he said aloud, " I give free liberty for all who dition, as a scout and observer of what the Flemings were doing, wish it to cross, if they be able." though he was the commander-in-chief. He was continually on the At these words, the knights and squires stepped forth, seeking look-out, and vent privily to reconnoitre their motions. On his means to cross the bridge; but it was soon night, and they were return, he said to his companions in a low voice, " Now up: our forced to leave off their attempt, though they had begun to lay planks enemies are very quiet: perhaps they will advance on us at dayon the beams, and even some had placed their targets to make a break: therefore be on your guard, and prepare to act." He would road; so that the Flemings who were in Commines had enough to do then return again, to see if anything were going forward, and then to watch them, and were puzzled how to act, for on the one hand come back to tell what he had observed. This he continued to do, they saw below the bridge, in the marshes, a large body of men-at- until the hour which the Flemings had fixed upon to attack them. It arms, who had halted with their lances advanced before them, and to was on the point of day when they began their march in close order, whom great reinforcements were coming, and on the other, those of without uttering a word. The lord de Saint Py, who was on the the vanguard on the opposite side of the bridge, were constantly watch, no sooner saw this manceuvre than he found they were ix skirmishing with them and exerting themselves lustily to repair the earnest, and hastening to his companions, said to them, "Now, my bridge. lords, be alert, we have but to do our utmost, for our enemy is on his In this situation were the French who had that evening crossed march, and will be instantly here. These barons of new date are over in boats. They had halted on the marshes, in mud and filth, advancing slowly, and think to catch and surprise us: show your. up to their ancles. Now consider what must have been their courage selves true men-at-arms, for we shall have a battle." As the lord de and difficulties, when in these long winter nights they thus remained Saint Py uttered these words, the knights and squires, with great a whole night with their arms and helmets on, with their feet in the courage, seized their long Bordeaux spears, and having grasped them mire, and without any sort of' refireshments. Certainly, I say, they with a hasty will, placed themselves in as good order as any knights are worthy of great renown, for they were but a handful of men in or squires could devise. comparison with the Flemings in Commines and in that neighbor- When the lords who had crossed the river, and, as I have before hood. They dared not, therefore, advance to attack them, and for said, found themselves obliged to halt in the marshes, saw that the this reason had halted, saying among themselves, "Let us stop here Flemings waited their opportunity to attack them, they said among until it be daylight, when we shall have a sight of these Flemings themselves, "Since we are not in sufficient force to begin the cornmwho quit not the advantage of their intrenchments; but at last they bat, when the Flemings advance upon us they will not know what will not fail to come to us, and when near we will shout our war numbers we are: let us each set up one cry, or that of the lord to cries with a loud voice, each his own cry, or the cry of his lord, not- whom we may belong whether he be present or not: and, by thus withstanding all our lords may not have joined us: by this means we shouting loudly, we shall so much alarm them that they may be deshall frighten them, when we will fall on them with a thorough good feated. In addition to this, we will receive them on the points of will It is in the power of God, and within the compass of our own our spears." In this manner did it fall out: for, when the Flemings ability, to defeat them, for they are badly armed, while our spears advanced to the combat, the knights and squires began to utter their and swords are of well-tempered steel from Bordeaux; and the hau- war cries, insomuch that the constable and vanguard, who had not bergeons* they wear will be a poor defence, and cannot prevent our yet crossed the bridge, heard them, and said, "1 Our friends are en'blows firom penetrating through them." With such hopes as these gaged: may God help them! for at this moment we are unable to did those who had passed the river comfort themselves, and remain give them any assistance." Peter du Bois marched in front, and was in silence during the night. followed by his Flemings' but, when they approached the French, The constable of France, who was on the other side of the river, they were received on the sharp points of their long Bordeaux spears,.toward Lille, had great anguish at heart on their account, and wished to which their coats of mail made not more resistance than if they himself and army in the town of Co'mrnines with them. The marshals had been of cloth thrice doubled; so that they passed through their of Burgundy and Flanders, and'those knights who were near his bodies, heads and stomachs. person, in order to comfort him, said.: "My lord do not be cast down; WVhen the Flemings felt these sharp spears which impaled them for all nmst own that those who have crossed the river are truly val- they fell back, and the French advancing gained ground upon them tiant, as'well as prudent knights, and we must believe they will not for there were none so hardy but that feared their strokes. Peter du do anything but what shall be dictated by good sense and valor. Bois was one of the first who was wounded and run through by a They will not engage in combat this day, and you have given per- lance. It came quite out at his shoulder: he was also wounded on mission for all to pass the river as they can. To-morrow, as soon as the head, and would have been instantly slain if it had not been for daybreak shall appear, let us exert ourselves to cross the bridge. the body-guard he had formed, of thirty stout varlets, who taking him WVe have this day made more provision of planks and timber than in their arms) carried him as quickly as they could out of the crowd will be necessary, so that we may be soon over to reinforce them, The mud from the causeway to Commines was so deep that all these should they have need of it, and these wicked people will'be pre- people sunk in it up to the middle of their legs. The men-at-arms, vented from overpowering them." who had been long accustomed to their profession, drove down and Thus was the constable of France consoled by the valiant men in slew the Flemings without let or hindrance: they shouted, " St. PY his company. for ever!" "Laval, Sancerre, Anghien!" and the war-cries of others who were there. The Flemings were panic-struck, and began tc give way, when they saw these knights attack them so vigorously C H A P T E R C X V I. and pierce them through with their spears. They retreated, and THE PRRNCH WHO HAD CROSSED THE LIS DI''-EAT, WITH CREAT SLAUGHTER, falling back on each other, were followed by the French who marched "ETER DU BOIS AND THE FLEMINGS. THE VAXrYUARD OF TtE FRENCH through them or around them, always attacking the thickest bodies ARMY REPAIR AND PASS OVER THE BRIDGE OF cOMMINES. They no more spared killing them than if they had been so many dogs; and they were in the right, for, had the Flemings conquered, PET.R Du BoIs, knowing these men-at-arms were irn the marshes they would have served them the same. joining Commines, was not perfectly at his ease, for he was uncertain The Flemings, finding themselves thus driven back, and that the what might be the event. He, had, however, under his command, men-at-arms had won the causeway and bridge, counselled together, six or seven thousand men, to whom, during the night, he had thus spoken: " The men-at-arms who have crossed the river to fight with to set fire to the town, in hopes it would cause the French to retreat, us are neither of iron nor steel. They have labored hard this whole or enable them to collect their people. This was executed, and fire Iay, anaebengtsadnso that it is Iset to several houses, which were instantly in flames; but they were day~ih~e, tantowad havbreak, bhee al l night s edig winthee mrshes, disappointed in thinking by this to frighten the French, for they pure p~osi.e, that toward daybreakr, they will be overpowered with sleep. sued them as valiantly as before, fighting and slaying them on the Whse they are in this situation, we will come slily to attack them: ground, or in tite houses whither they had retreated. Upon this the our numlbers are sufficient to surround them: but when we have so domme, let no one dare to rush upon themr, but remain silent; for whe Flemings made for the open plain, where they collected in a body. it shall be proper time for you to act, I will inform you." To this They sent to Vertain, Poperingue, Bergues, Rollers, Mesieres, Warne. tonl and thle other neighboring towns, to urge them to conm'~P to theit command of Peter they all promised obedience. On the other hand, asisance at Comine tose wo fle the tants o the the barons, knight~~~~~~~~~s adsqirs, h emandi h ase oassance at Gemimines. Those who fledt, and the inhabitants of the, the barons, knights and squires, who had remained in the marshes so villages near Coinmines, began to set their bells a-ringing, which i "Haubergeons" —small coats eftail. clearly showed there was an engagement going forward. Some of CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 317 them, however, began to slacken, and others to occupy themselves in Peter du Bois, is he dead, or a prisoner?" They answered, "Neither; sasing what they could of their goods, and to carry them to Ypres or but he has been severely wounded in the battle, and has retired to Courtray. Women and children ran thither, leaving their houses full Bruges." At these words, Philip mounted his horse and ordered of furniture, cattle and grain. Others again marched in haste toward thirty of his men to do the same, when he set out for Bruges. He Commines, to help their countrymen who were fighting. quitted, however, the direct road, to view some of the garrison of While this was passing, and those valiant knights who had crossed Oudenarde who had made a sally the preceding night, but had been the Lis in boats were so gallantly engaged, the constable and van- overpowered and slain: they were twelve in number who had been guard were busily employed in attempting to repair the bridge and put to death. As he was thus examining the dead, he saw, coming cross it. There was a very great throng, for the constable had given toward him froni Ghent, a herald attached to the king of England, permission for all to pass it who could. There was much danger for whose name was Chandos, though called Ireland king-at-arms Philip those who crossed it first; and the lords who did so were obliged to was much pleased at the arrival of this herald, and asked " what step on targets thrown on the beams of the bridge. When they had news he had brought." "My lord," replied the herald, " five of crossed, they began to strengthen the bridge, for they found the your embassadors returned to Ghent, accompanied by a knight called planks lying on the ground, wihichthey put in their proper places. sir William Frenenton,* who, by orders from the king and council, During the night two wagon-loads of hurdles were brought, which bring letters (as we learnt from them at Dover) addressed to you as were of' great use to thern, so that shortly it was made as strong as regent of Flanders. When you know the contents of these letters, ever. On Tuesday the whole vanguard passed, took possession of and approve of the great alliance offered to you, large reinforcements the place, and, as they crossed, fixed their quarters in the town. will be instantly sent to you on the return of the knight and his conmThe earl of Flanders, hearing that the vanguard was engaged at panions to England." Philip said, "I am not well satisfied with the pass of Commines, sent thither six thousand infantry to their as- such an arrangemrnent: the succors will come too late. Go to my sistance; but when they arrived, the business was over and the quarters." He ordered him to be conducted to the lodgings of the bridge rebuilt. The constable sent themn to Warneton to rebuild lord de Harzelles, that he might hear the news; while he took the that bridge, that the baggage iglht pass it this Tuesday without road to Ghent, but in so melancholy a temper of mind that nothing delay. News was brough-t on Tuesday morning to the king 6r could be got from him, nor could he be persuaded to enter into any France at the abbey of Marquette, that the pass at Connimines was agreeable conversation. won, and the vanguard on the other side, which was very agreeable to the king and his uncles. It was instantly determined that the CHAPTER C X V I 1 king should cross the river; and, the king having heard mass with his lords and drank a cup, they mounted their horses and took the THE KING OF FRANCE CROSSES THE LIS AT THE BRIDGE OF COtMIM Ms road to Commines. Those of the vanguard who were in Comrnmines THE TOWN OF YPRES SURRENDERS TO HIMI. drove out the Flemings. There were slain of them in the streets wll no return to e king of France, and say ow e went zn NV~~~~~~~~~E will now return to the king of France, and say bow he went and fields about four thousand, not including those killed in the pur on. When intelligence was brught him of Commes bein conC5 ~~~~~on. When intelligence was brought him of Cornmines being consuit, in wind-mills, and in monasteries, whither they had fled for''C sut, in wind-mills, and in onasteries, whither they hal fled for quered, that the Flemings were dispersed, and the bridge rebuilt, he shelter; for, as soon as the Bretons had crossed, they mounted their set out from the abbey of Marquette, where he had lodged, and horses and began a chase after the Flemings, and overran the coon- marched with his whole army in battle-array, as was befitting him try, which was then rich and plentiful. to do, toward Comnmines. The king and his uncles arrived at Cornm. The lords de Rieux, de Laval, de M{alatrait, the viscount de ha mines on Tuesday, and took up their lodgings in the town; from Belliere and the lord de Combort, with their men, rode on until they whence the vanguard had marched for the billof Ypres, where they came to Vertain, which is a large town: it was taken and burnt, had fixed their quarters. On the Wednesday morning the king ad. and those found in it were put to death. The Bretons had great vanced to the bill of Ypres where he remained until the baggage profit from their pillage, as well as the others who had spread abroad the remainder of his army hould cross the river at Conlnes over the country. They found the houses full of draperies, furs, with or at Wnetn, for there were very numerous trains, and multitudes or at Warneton, for there were very numerous trains, and multitudes cloths of gold and silver: for, trusting to the strength of the passage of horses. over the river Lis, the Flemings had not carried away anything from On Wednesday, the kind's rear-guard passed the bridge of CGuntheir houses to their strong towns. their houses to their strong towmns. a r w e nmines. It consisted of two thousand men-at-arms and two thousand The first Betons, Normns and urgundians who entered Flan- cross-bows, under the command of the count d'Eu, the count de ders by the pass at Commines, paid no attention to pieces of cloth, Clois the count de St. Poh, the count de Harcourt, the lords d furs or jewels, but to the gold and silver which they found. How- Ch&tillon and de ha Fere. These lords with their men, lodged this ever, those who followed cleared the whole country, for everything Wednesday at Commines was acceptable to them. When the night came, and these lords thought of reposing them. selves after their march, they heard the cry, "To arms!" They thought certainly they should have a battle, and that the Flemings C HI- A P T E R C X I Ifrom Ypres, Cassel, Bergues, and their dependencies, were colleected PIHILIP VON ARTAVELD TAKES MEASURES TO RESIST THE FORCE OF THF, and on their marchI to attack them. The lords armed themselves, KING OF FRANCE. HE RECEIVES AN ANSWER FROtM HIS EMBASSADORS put on their helmets, displayed their banners before their lodgings: IN ENGLAND. and, having lighted torches, each lord advanced to the causeway BAD news soon flies abroad. On Tuesday morning Philip von under his banner or pennon: as their men came, they drew up and Artaveld heard, while he lay before Oudenarde, that the French had arranged themselves under their proper banners; and thus they re crossed the Lis on the Monday in boats, and had advanced as far o mained, half way up their legs in mud, almost the whole night. Comirines, having conquered the Flemings posted there thud in the YoH may imagine if these lords had the best of it, such as the count adjacent parts: that about six thousand Flemings had been slain, and do Blois and the others, who had not been accustomed to stffer such de Blois and the others, who had not been accustomed to suffer such that Peter du Bois was supposed to be dead. Philip was thunder-whnteroorastsakhymiddtntfrtytogt that Peter da Bois was supposed to be dead. Philip was thunder- cold and comfortless nights as these a month before Christmas; but, struck at this intelligence; and he asked the lord de Harzelles, who when their honor was at stae, theyminded it not, for they thug was present, "what was to be done." The lord de Harzelles replied, they should be attached every moment: however, it was not so, for this was a false alarm caused by a scuffle among the varlets. Their the town, and return with them hither: you must then march your lords, however, suffered for it, which they bore as well as they could. whole army to Courtray; for when the king of France learns that On Thursday morning, the rearguard dislodged from Commines, you are marching in fall force against him, he will consider well be- and marchedn good order, toward their main army, which was fore he advances further into the country. We ought in a short time encamped on the hill of Ypres, the vangnard, the battalion of the to receive news from our embassadors in England. It may be that king ard all. The principal conaanders held a council, to consider king and all. The principal commanders held a council, to consider the king of England and his uncles will cross the sea with a large hether they should ar to Ypres, Courtray, or Brues. While arm, or perhaps they have already done so, which will be fortunate they remained there, the French foragers overran the country, where army, or perhaps they have already done so, which will be fortunate for us." they found a marvellous quantity of beasts, grain, and all other pro, "(I am surprised," answered Philip, " how the English can so visions; for since they had gained the passage at Commines, they long delay it, when they know they are to have free entrance into were never in want. The inhabitaits of Ypres, finding the king this country; and I marvel what they are thinking of, as well as our so near with his whole army, and the passage gained, were not people who are there. Notwithstandg, I wil not hesitate going to much at their ease, and considered how they should act. The townGhent to draw out the arriere-ban, with which I will return and offer couci assembled. The richest ad chief inhabitants, who had battle to the king of France, whatever be the consequences. I am been of the moderate party, but who had not dared to show it, probeen of the moderate party, but who had not dared to show it, proinformed by Peter du Bois, that the king of France has full twenty posed throwing themselves on the king's mercy, and sending to him thousand men-at-arms, which constitute sixty thousand fighting men, the keys of the town. The governor, who was from Ghent, apI will draw up in battle array as many to meet him; and if God, out pointed by Philip von Artaveld, would not listen to a surrender, but of his grace, and the just cause we have, should enable me to de- said," Our town is sufficiently strong, and we are'ell provided feat him, I shall be the most respected lord in the world; if I be dis. with everything. We will stand our ground; during which time comfited, better fortune will befal a greater lord than mysielf." Philip will assemble his forces, to combat the king and raise the As Philip von Artaveld and the lord de Harzelles were thus con- siege." Others replied, "That he was not assured that this would so vers~~ing, 5C soldiers arnii-ed who had been at the battle of Coin- happen: that it was not in the power of Philip von Artaveld, nor o, mines, who confirmed the first intelligence. Philip said, "And * " Si w. Fronenton." Q. If not Farrington. S18 CHRONICLES~ OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c the whole country, to defeat the king of France, unless they had the ever cattle might be found in the fields; but they were assured that assistance of the English, of which there wLas not any appearance; their towns should neither be burned nor pillaged. This was very and that, in short, the best thing they could do would be to surren- satisfactory to them, and they greatly thanked the king and his der themselves to the king of France." High words ensued, which council. They were much rejoiced on finding they had escaped so ended in a riot, in which the chief. inhabitants were masters. The well; but the governors of Philip von Artaveld, who had been cargovernor, named Peter Vauclaire, was slain. When this was over, Pied thither, were beheaded on the bridge of Ypres. they called to them two preaching friars, whom they sent to the No mention whatever was made in these treaties and submissions king and his uncles on the hill of Ypres, to know if it were agree- of the earl of Flanders: nor was he, or any one of his court, ever able to them to enter into an amicable treaty with the town. summoned to the councils of the king. If he wvas displeased at this The king was advised to grant passports to twelve of the citizens I am ignorant, but during the whole expedition he was treated in and an abbot (who being at Ypres had interfered in this business,) the same manner. None of his people were permitted to quit the to come to the camp, and explain more fully what their intentions army, or the battalion which was posted by orders of'the master of were. The friars returned to the town, when the twelve citizens these cross-bows, on the wings, although they were Flemings. It was elected by the council and inhabitants, and the abbot, went to mount also ordered by the king, under pain of death, tifat no one in the Ypres, where, casting themselves on their knees, they offered to army should speak Flemish, nor carry any stick bound with iron 0 place the town under the king's obedience for eyer, and without any terms of reservation. The king of France, following the good ad- - vice which was given him, to gain the country by gentle means, CHAPTER CXX. and not wishing to show any ill will or cruelty, received them kindly, and accepted their offer; on condition that the town would THE RING OF FRANCE LODGES IN YPRES. rETEsR DUI BOiS REVENTS pay forty thousand francs, to defray the smaller expenses which this BRUGES FROM SURRENDEING TO THE ING. HILI VON ARTAVELD expedition had hitherto cost. 4ASSEMBLES HIS FORCES TO, COMBAT THE FRENCH. exgpedition bad hitherto cost. The inhabitants of Ypres were much rejoiced at this event, and WmILE the king and his whole army were on mount Ypres; many never afterwvards rebelled. Thus were the citizens pardoned. They markets were there held, and, plenty of pillage was sold to those of entreated the king and his uncles would be pleased to partake of Lille, Douay, and Tournay; indeed to all who wished to buy. A some refreshments in their town, which would give great joy to the piece of cloth of Vexin, Malines, Poperingue or Comrnmines. was sold inhabitants. A promise was in truth made them, that the king for one franc. People were clothed there too cheaply. Some Breshould come thither, when he should be further advanced in Flan- tons and other pillagers, determined on gain, went in large bodies, ders. Upon this the deputation returned to the town, mightily and loaded carts and horses with their booty Of cloths, linen, klinives, pleased to find themselves at peace with the king of France. The money in gold and silver, dishes'and plates of silver wherever they forty thousand francs were instantly raised among themselves, and found them, which they sent, well packed up, to a place'of safety on paid to the king, or his commissioners, before he made his entry the other side of the Lis, or by their servants into France.. into Ypres. The king and all the lords came to Ypres, where they quartered ~~~~~~~- " themselves as well as they could, and in as great numbers as the C H A P T E R C X I X. town would hold. They remained there to refresh themselVes' four or five days. The inhabitants of Bruges had received information T ~E X~INC OF FRANCE ECEIVES IFOATIO OF A OT O TE f the conduct of the king, that he was at Ypres, and how the whole PARISIANS. SEVERAL PILACES IN FLANDERS SURRENDER TO HIM. country, as far as Gravelines, had submitted to him. They'were DURING the time the king of France was on the hill of Ypres, doubtful whether to negotiate with the king, or let it alone: hownews was brought that the Parisians were in rebellion: and that ever, for the present they did nothing. The principal cause which they had resolved, as it was then reported, to pull down tihe castle of withheld them from surrendering, was the great number of men-atBeaut6, which is situated in the wood of Vincennes, and the castle arms which Philip von Artaveld had with him from their.town: for of the Louvre, as well as other castellated houses in the neighbor- there were at least seven thousand at the siege of Oudenacrde; and' hood of Paris, to prevent being oppressed infuture by their means. their principal citizens were at' Ghent as hostages; inorder that Ieter One of their leaiers made a speech to excite to mischief, hut which, du Bois might more easily govern the place. however, as it appeared afterwards, turned out quite the contrary: Besides, Peter du Bois and Peter le Nuitre were in the town, who "My fair sirs, let us abstain from doing this until we see how the comforted them, saying, "My good gentlemen, do not be alarmed if king's affairs turn out in Flanders. If the Ghent men succeed, as I the king of France is come to Ypres you know that formerly the truly hope they will, then will be the time to destroy all these cas- whole power of France was sent by king Philip to Courtray,t and ties. Let us not begin anything which we may repent of after- could not withstand the courage of our fathers, for his whole army wards." It was Nicholas le Flamand who by this speech made the was slain and defeated. Know then, that this army shall in'like Parisians give up their intentions of committing outrages. They manner be destroyed; for Philip von Artaveld, with an immepse kept within the walls of Paris, which they had amply supplied with force, will not leave things thus without combating~the king. "It may everything; and had as rich and handsome armor as if they had very well happen, that from the good cause- we are engaged in,, and been great lords. There were upward of thirty thousand armed the good fortune that follows Ghent, Philip may~defeat the king, so from head to foot, like true men-at-arms, and more than thirty thou. that not one shall escape or recross the river, but the whole country sand armed with mallets. They worked day and night in forging which has submitted will instantly be reconquered. Thus will you helmets, and purchased armor wherever it was to be sold. remain like true and loyal men in your firanchises, and in the grace Now, consider what a sad devilment it would have been, if. the of Philip and of us Ghent men." With such speeches as this, Peter king of France, and the gallant chivalry with which he was accom- du Bois and Peter le Nuitre daily harangued the men of Bruges, panied, had been defeated in Flanders. It may readil.y be supposed, and restrained them from entering into any treaty with the king of that then all the nobility would have been destroyed in France, as France. well as in other places; for the Jacquerie were never so ferocious as While these things were going on, the citizens of Ghent, with, sit they would at such a time have been., In like manner the peasants William Fermiton,t arrived at Calais, from England, to, conclude'and began to rebel at Rheims, at ChAlons in Champagne, and down the seal those treaties and agreements which the English wished to enter river Marne, and to menace those gentlemen, ladies and children, into with the Flemings. Sir John Devereux, governor of Calais, who had remained at home. At Orleans, Blois, Rouen, and in the sent for them, and told them, "that they could not continue their Beauvoisis, the devil had entered their heads to prompt them to mur- journey at that time, for the king of France was at Ypres, and that der every one, if God had not provided a remedy, as you will soon all the country, from Calais to Ypres, had surrendered to'hipm. We have related.~ shall shortly have more news: for it is reported that.Philip'von When those of the castlewicks of Cassel, Bergues, Bourbourg, Artaveld is assembling his forces to combat the'king of France, and Gravelines, Fumnes, Dunkerque, Pope'ingue, Tourrout, Vaillant, and we shall see who will have the best of it. Should the Flemings be Malines, had heard that the men of Ypres had surrendered and put beaten, you have nothing to do in Flanders; and if the king of themselves under the obedience of the king of France, who had France be defeated, it is'all our own. This," said th; English graciously pardoned them, they began to be much alarmed. After knight, "you may depend upon as truth." The intelligence detained these towns had well considered the business, the inhabitants seized the citizens of Ghent and sir William Fermiton. their governors, whom Philip von Artaveld had put over them, and We will now return to Philip, and say what he was doing. Being having bound them strongly, so that they could not escape, led them eager to combat the king of France, as he plainly showed, he or. to the king on mount Ypres, in order to please him and to appease dered, on his arrival at Ghent, every man capable of bearing' arms, his anger. On their arrival, they east themselves on their knees and after leaving a sufficient garrison in the town, to follow him. All jaid, "Noble king, we put our lives, towns, and fortunes, under your obeyed for he gave them to understand, that by the grace of God, obedience, and wish so to remain. In order to show that we regard you as our true lord, here are the governors whom Philip von Arta. * Jastem disle, literally, "a stick with a ferule."-[Ea. veld had set over us; for by foace, and not otherwise, has he made i,1Fut Th t1 ~: "Fermiton.") Froisnsrt before calls him Fremeton. I should have suoposdbd thi us obey him: you may do your pleasure with them, for they have person was sir William Farendon, or Frampton. if, in the Relles Fran1oi,'he' names governed us according to their wills." The king was advised by his of those sent by Richard had not been particularly named, assmay be seen underneath lords to grant his pardon to all these towns: on condition, however, Ann. Dom. 1182-113. Membrna 4. a "De potestate data Johanni Devereux, Briano de Stapilton. WVillielmo Ermyn, d that they should pay him, as part of his expenses in this war, sixty Johanni de Burley, ad tractandum cum comiti Flandriae et genttibus ibidem de debatis, thousand francs. All the provisions were to be given up, and what- et de attemptatie reformandis." —Data apud Westminster. 16ts, May. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 319 they would defeat the French, be lords of Ghent, and rank as sove- retired, and all gone to their quarters to repose, the night being far reigns aniong other nations. Philip von Artaveld carried with him advanced, those upon guard fancied they heard a great noise toward about ten thousand men as the arriere-ban: he had before sent to the Mont d'Or. Some of them were sent to see what it could be, Brnges, Damme, Ardembourg, Sluys, to the sea-coasts, the Quatre and if the French were making any preparations to attack them in Mestiers, and constablewicks of Grammont, Dendremonde, and the night. On their return, they reported, that they had been as far Alost, and had raised fiom those places about thirty thousand more. as the place whence the noise came, but that they had discovered He and his whole army were quartered one night before Oudenarde: nothing. This noise, however, was still heard, and it seemed to on the morrow they marched away, and came before Courtray: he some of them that their enemies were on the mount about a league had with him about fifty thousand men. The king of France re- distant: this was also the opinion of a damsel from Ghent whom ceived intelligence, that Philip von Artaveld was approaching, and, Philip von Artaveld had carried with him, on this expedition, as his as it was said, with full sixty thousand men. Upon this, the van. sweetheart. guard set off from Ypres, under the command of the constable and While Philip was sleeping under his tent on a coverlid near the marshals of France, and encamped a league and a half from Ypres, coal-fire, this damsel went out of the tent about midnight, to examine between Rollers and Rosebecque: on the morrow, the king and all the sky, and see what sort of weather it was and the time of night, the lords, wiii the main battalion and rear-guard, quartered them- for she was unable to sleep. She looked toward Rosebecqae, and,elves there aso. I must say that these lords, while they were in saw, in divers parts of the sky, smoke and sparks of fire flying about, the field, suffered greatly; for it was in the heart of winter, the be- caused by the fires the French were making under hedges and,inning of December, and it rained every day. They slept on the bushes. This woman listened attentively, and thought she heard a roads every night, for they were in daily and hourly expectation of great noise between their army and that of the French, and also the a battle: it was commonly raid in the army, " They will come to- cry of Montjoye and several other cries; and it seemed to her that norrow;" which they believed, from the news the foragers brought they came from the Mont d'Or, between the camp and Rosebecque. when they returned from their excursions. She was exceedingly firightened, returned to the tent, awakened The king was quartered in the midst of his army. The lords of Philip, and said to him, "Sir, rise instantly, and arm yourself; for I France were much vexed at Philip for delaying, for they were very have iHeard a great noise on the Mont d'Or, which I believe to be impatient of being out in such bad weather. It should be known, made by the French who are comining to attack you." that with the king were all the flower of French knighthood: it was Philip at these words arose, and wrapping himself in a gown, took therefore highly presumptuous in Philip von Artaveld and the Flem- a battle-axe and went out of his tent to listen to this noise. In like ings to think of fighting with them; for if they had been satisfied manner as she had heard it, Philip did the same; and it seemed to with continuing their siege of Oudenarde, and had slightly intrenched him as if there were a great tournament. He directly returned to themselves, the French, considering the wetness of the season, would his tent, and ordered his trumpet to be sounded to awaken the army. never have marched to seek them; and, if they had done so, they As soon as the sound of the trumpet was heard, it was known to be would have combated them under the greatest disadvantages. But his. Those of the guard in front of the camp armed themselves, and Philip was so vain of the good fortune he had met with at Bruges, sent some of their companions to Philip to know what he wished to that he thought nothing could withstand him, and he hoped he should have done, as he was thus early arming himself. On their arrival, be lord of the world. No other thoughts had he, and was nothing he wanted to send them to the part whence the noise had come, to afraid of the king of France nor his army; for, if he had entertained find out what it could be; but, they reported that that had already any fears, he would not have done that which he did, as you shall been done, and that there was no cause found for it. Philip was hear related. much astonished; and they were greatly blamed, that having heard a noise toward the enemy's quarters, they had remained quiet. CHAPTER CXXI. "Ha," said they to Philip, "in truth we did hear a noise toward the Mont d'Or, and we sent to know what it could be; but those PHILIP VON ARTAVELD, HAVING ENTERTAINED HIS CAPTAINS AT suPPER, who had been ordered thither, reported that there was nothing to be GIVES THEM INSTRUCTIONS HOW THEY ARE TO ACT ON THE MORROW found or seen. Not having seen any positive appearance of a AT THE BATTLE OF ROSEBECQUE. WONDERFUL APPEARANCES IN THE movement of the enemy, we were unwilling to alarm the army least HEAVENS AEE SEEN DURING THIS NIGHT. we should be blamed for it." This speech of the guard somewhat PiILIP VON ARTAVELD, with his whole army, on the Wednesday appeased Philip; but in his own mind he marvelled much what il evening preceding the battle, was encamped in a handsome position, could be. Some said it was the devils of hell running and dancirq~ tolerably strong, between a ditch and grove, and with so good a about the place where the battle was to be, for the abundance of hedge in front that they could not easily be attacked. It was be- prey they expected tween the hill and town of RoseLecque where thle'king was quartered. Neither Philip von Artaveld nor the Flemings were quite at their That same evening, Philip gave a magnificent supper to his captains ease after this alarm. They were suspicious of having been be. at his quarters; for he had wherewithal to do so, as his provisions trayed and surprised. They armed themselves leisurely with whatfollowed him. When the supper was over, he addressed them in ever they.had, made large fires in their quarters, and breakfasted these words: " My fair gentlemen, you are my companions in this comfortably, for they had victuals in abundance. About an hour expedition, and I hope to-morrow we shall have something to do; before day, Philip said, "I think it right that we march into the for the king of France, who is impatient to meet and fight with us, plain and draw up our men; because, should the French advance to is quartered at Rosebec.que. I therefore beg of you to be loyal, and attack us, we ought not to be unprepared, nor in disorder, but pro. not alarmed at anything you shall see or hear; for we are combating perly drawn up like men, knowing well what we are to do." All in a just cause, to preserve the franchises of Flanders, and for our obeyed this order, and, quitting their quarters, marched to the heath fight. Admonish your men to behave well, and draw them up in beyond the grove. There was in front a wide ditch newly made, such manner that, by this means and our courage, we may obtain and in their rear quantities of brambles, junipers, and shrubs. They the victory. To.morrow, through God's grace, we shall not find drew up at their leisure in this strong position, and formed one large any lord to combat with us, or any who will dare take the field, battalion, thick and strong. By the reports from the constables, unless he mean to remain there, and we shall gain greater honor they were about fifty thousand, all chosen men, who valued not than if we could have depended on the support of the English;. for, their lives. Among them were about sixty English archers, who, if they had been with us, they alone would have gained all the repu. having stolen away from their companions at Calais, to gain greater tation. The flower of the French nobility is with the king, for he pay from Philip, had left behind them their armor in their quarg.ri. has not left one behind: order, therefore, your men not to. grant Everything being arranged, each man took to his arms. The quarter to any one, but to kill all who fall in their way. By this horses, baggage, women, and varlets, were dismissed: but Philip, means we shall remain in peace; for I will and command, under von Artaveld had his page mounted on a superb courser, worth five pain of death, that no prisoners be made, except it be the king of hundred florins, which he had ordered to attend him, to display his France. With regard to the king, I wish to support him, as he is state, and to mount if a pursuit of the French should happen, in but a child and ought to be forgiven; for he knows not what he order that he might enforce the commands which he had given to does, and acts according as he is instructed: we will carry him to kill all. It was with this intention that Philip had posted him by Ghent and teach him Flemish; but as for dukes, earls, and other his side. Philip had likewise from the town of Ghent about nine men-at-arms, kill them all. The common people of France will thousand men, well armed, whom he placed near his person; for he never be angry with us for so doing; for they wish, as I am well had greater confidence in them than any of the others: they there. assured, that not one should ever return to France, and it shall fore, with Philip at their head with banners displayed, were in flont; be so" and those from Alost and Grammont were next; then the men from His companions who were present at this discourse, and who were Courtray, Bruges. Damme, Sluys, and the Franconate. They were from the different towns in Flanders and the country of Bruiges, armed, for the greater part, with bludgeons, iron caps, jerkins, and agreed to this proposal, which they thought a proper one, and with with gloves de fer de baleine. Each man had a staff with an iron one voice replied to Philip, "You say well, and thus shall it be." point, and bound round with iron. The different townsmen wore They then took leave of Philip, apd each man returned to his quar- liveries and arms, to distinguish them from one another. Some had ters, to order his men how they were to act conformably to the jackets of blue and yellow, others wore a welt of black on a red instructions they had just had. Thus passed the night in the army jacket, others chevroned with white on a blue coat, others green of Philip: but about midnight, as I have been informed, there hap. and blue, others lozenged with black and white, others quartered pened a most wonderful event, and such that I have never heard red and white, others all blue. Each carried the banners of their anything equal to it related. When the Flemish captains had trades. They had also large knives hanging down from their CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. girdles. In this state they remained, quietly waiting for day, which soon came. CHAPTER CXXA I I. I will now relate to you the proceedings of the French as fully as PHrILIP VON ARTAVELD AiND HIS FLEMINGS QUIT THE STRONG PrOSITIOI I have done those of the Flemings. THEY HAD TAKEN IN THE HORNING, TO ENCAMP ON MONT D'OR, NEAIl TO YPRES. THE CONSTABLE AND ADMIRAL OF FRANCE, WITH THB BASTARD OF LANGRES, SET OUT TO RECONNOITRE THEIR SITUATION. CtIAPTER CXX I ON the Thursday morning all the men-at-arms of the army, the vanKJING CHARLES ENTERTAINS AT SUFFER HIS UNCLES AND SOME OTHERS OF guard, the rear-guard, and the king's battalion, armed themselves ImIS PRINCIFAL BARONS ON THE EVE OF TIHE BATTLE OF ROSEBECQUE. completely, except their helmets, as if they were about to engage: TIHE CONSTABLE DE CLISSON ISEXCUSED FROM ATTENDING THE KING'S for the lords well knew the day could not pass without a battle, from PERSON DURING TIIE BATTLE. the reports of the foragers on the Wednesday evening, who had seen THE king of France, and the lords with him, knew well that the the Flemings on their march demanding a battle. The king of Flemings were advancing, and that a battle must be the consequence; France heard mass, as did the other lords, who all devoutly prayed for no proposals for peace were offered, and all seemed to have made to God, that the day might turn out to their honor. In the morning up their minds for an engagement. It had been proclaimed on the there was a thick mist, which continued so long that no one could M~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~e the distance of an acre: the lords wee muh vexed at this, but Wednesday morning in the town of Ypres, that the men-at-arms see the distance of an acre: the lords were much vexed at this, but should follow the king into the field, and post themselves according they could not remedy it. to the instructions they had received. Every one obeyed this order, After the king's mass, which had been attended by the constable and the grat lrds itwa s rdeed hatthose vliant knights sir and no man-at-arms, or even lusty varlet, remained in Ypres, excet and other great lords, it was ordered that those vant knights sir those appointed to guard the horses, which had been conducted to Oliver de Clisson, constable of France, sir John de Vienne, admiral Ypres when their lords dismounted. However, the vanguard had f Fance, and sir illiam d Poities, bastard of Langres, who many with them for the use of their light troops, and to reconnoitre had been long used to arms, should reconnoitre the position of the many with them for and re o theirg and to recofnitre the battalions of the enemy; for to them they were of more service Flemings, and report to the kingnd his uncles the truth of it: d ~~~~than to the others.~ ~ ~ring which time, the lord d'Albreth and sir Hugh de Chatillon were The French on this Wednesday remained in the plain pretty near enployed in forming the battalions. These three knights, leaving employed in forming the battalions. These three knights, leaving to Robecq, w e the lrdsad capains wre hyii arrang the king, set off on the flower of their steeds, and rode toward that to Rosebecque, where the lords and captains were busy inl arr~ancrilif t_ their plans. In the evening the king gave a supper to his three t whee they thought they should find the Flemings, and toward t part where they though tencampefid the preceings and lt.wr uncles, the constable of France, the lord de Coucy, and to some the pot here they had encamped the preceding night. other foreign lords from Brabant, Hainault, Holland, Zealand, Ger- You must know that on the Thursday morning, when the thick many, Lorraine, and Savoy, who had come thither to serve him. mist came on, the Flemtngs having, as you have before heard, Vle, as well as his uncles, thanked themn much for tie good services marched, before daybreak, to this strong position, had there remained they had done and were willing to do for them. The earl of Flan- until about eight o'clock, when, not seeing nor hearing anything of ders this evening commanded the guard of the king's battalion, and the French, their numbers excited in them pride and self-sufficiency: had under him six hondred lances, and twelve hundred other mes. and their captains, as well as others, began thus to talk among them. After the supper which the king had given on the Wednesday to selves: " What are we about, thus standing still, and almost frozen these lords, and when they had retired, the constable of France wt cold? hy do we not advance with courage, since such is remained to converse with the king and his uncles. It had beei our inclination, and seek our enemies to combat them? We remain arranged in the council with.the king, that the constable, sir Oliver here to no purpose, for the French will never come to look for us. de Clisson, should resign his constableship for the morrow (as they Let us at least march to Mont d'Or, and take advantage of the lly expected a battle,) and that, for the day only, the d deoucy mountain." Many such speeches were made, and they all consented eeeaal)dtytielode to march to Mount d'Or, which was between them and the French. was to takre his place, and Sir Oliver remain near the kring's person on- c o~on dOwihwsbten hmadteF~nh In order to avoid the ditch in their front, they turned the grove and so that when the constable was taking his leave the oing said to n d tepli.Wl theyets theimc he him, as he had been instructed, in a courteous and agreeable man- eted the plain. hile they were thus on their march rod the nr, Constable, we wil that you resin to us fo tooow only, grove, the three knights came so opportunely that they reconnoitered ycaur office; for we have appointed another, and you shall. remain y our 0 ce; for we have appoin~~thed antheadyusalrmi thienatlsir ease, and rode by the side of their battalions, which near our person." These words, which were new to the gallant wre again formed within a boshot from them. When they had constable, surprised him so much, that he replied, "1Most dear C constable, surprised him so such, that he iepbied, "Must dear considered them on the left, they did the same on the right, and thus Lord, I well know that I cain never be more highly honored thian in calefllly ad fullyexaminedthen. TheFlenings awthemplainly, guarding your person; but, dear lord, it will give great displeasure but paid not any attention to them; nor did any one quit his ranks. to my companions, and those of the vanguard, if they do not see Tie three knights were vell mounted, and so much used to this.The three krnights were well mounted, and so much used to thi:~ me wifi thm:ani, and nd those moin tha canga in by it i me witli and we may lose moe than we ca gain by it. business that they cared not for them. Philip said to his captains, do not pretend that I am so valiant, that the business will be done Our enemies are near at hand: let us draw up here in battle-array for the combat. I have seen strong appearances of their intentions: by me alone; but I declare, dear lord, under the correction of your for the t. hseen s apas her itets for the obt aese togapaacso hi netos I council, that for these last fifteen days, I have been solely oc. fo these three horsemen who pass and repass have reconnoitred us, ad are still doing so." c..d now I could add to your honor, to that of your army, and to cUoi are still doing so" my owna office. I have instructed the army in the manner in which Upon this, the Flemings halted on the Mont dOr, and formed in they were to be drawn up: and if to-morrow, under the guidance of one thic and strong battalion; when Philip said aloud, "Gentled God, we engage, and they do not see me; or, if I fall in giving thei, when te attack begins, remember or enemies were defeated ad-vice and support, I who have always been accus'omed in such and broken at the battle of Bruges by our keeping in a compact cases so to do, they will be thunderstruck; sonme may say I am a body. Be careful not to open your ranks, but let every man hypocrite, acd have done this slily, in order to escape front the first trelgtilen himself as nuch as possible nd bear his staff riht before strengthen himself as much as possible and bear his staff right befor,~ bmOW9. I therefore entreat of you, most deal' lord, that you would wows. I therefore entreat of you, most dear lord, thtat you would him. You will intermix your arms, so that no one may break you, not interfere ii what has heeln rranued and ordered for the best, for anId march straight forward with a good step, without turning to the must ay you will gain the ore by it." right or left; and act together, so that, when the conflict begins, you muht kiny yiou knwil whainse the more by ithi.pc,"n'rhe king did not know what answer to make to this speech, alny may throw your bombards and shoot with your cross-bows in such more than those present who had heard it. At last the king said, manter that our enemies may be thunderstrock with surprise." very properly, "Constable, I do not mean to say that it has been When Philip had formed his men in battle-array, and told them y way thought yoo have not, on every occasion, most fully acquit how to act, he went to the wing of his army in which he had the ted yourself, and will still do so; but my late lord and fathler loved greatest confidence. Near him was his page on the courser, to ou mnore thai any other person, and had the greatest confidesce in whom he said, "Go, wait for me at that bush out of bow-shot; and, you: it is from this love and confidence which he reposed in you when thou shalt see the discomfiture of the French and the pursuit ~that I should wish to have y~ begin, bring me my horse and shout my cry; they will make way that I should wish to have yoo on this occasion near to me, fr ith my company." "Very dear lord," replied the constable, " you will fr thee to come to me, for I wish to be the first in the pursui." be so well attended by such valiant men, all having been settled The page, on these words, left his master and did as he had ordered him. ebilip placed near him, on the side of this wing, forty English o with the greatest deliberation, that it cannot any way be amended, so that you and your council ought to be satisfied with it. I there- archers whom he had in his pay. Now, if it be considered how fore beg of you, forthe love of God, most dear lord, that you will well Philip had arranged this business, I am of opinion, and in this prit me to execute my office: and morrow yor success shall I am joined by several others, that he well knew the art of war: but permit me to execute my office: and bo-morrow your success shall be such that your friends will be rejoiced, and your enemies enraged. in one instance, which I will relate, he acted wrong. It was in Tro this the king only answered, " Constable, I will it be so* in quitting the first strong position he had taken in the morning; for God's name, and in the name of St. Denis, act as becomes pour they would never have sought to fight him there, as it would have been too much to their disadvantage; but he wished io show thai office. I will not say one word mm'egto you on the subject; for you see clearer in this business than I d.o or those who first proposed it. his people were men of courage, and had little fear of their enemies. Be to-morrow at mass." "Wilingly, sir," replied the constable. He took leave of the king, who saluted him, and returned to his quarters, with his attendants and companions. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN. &c. 321 from heaven with great mystery: it is a sort of ganfanon,~ and is of CH A P T E R C X X I V. much comfort in the day of battle to those who see it. Proof was MiB BATTLE OF ROSEBECQUE, BETWEEN THIE FRENCH AND FLEMINGS. made of its virtues at this time; for all the morning there was sc PH}ILIP VON ARTAYV-ELD IS SLAIN, AND HIS W5THOLE ARMY DEFEATED. thick a fog, that with difficulty could they see each other, but the moment the knight had displayed it, and raised his lance in the air, TiHE three knights returned to the king of France and to his bat- this fog instantly dispersed, and the sky was as clear as it had been talions, which had already been formed and were marching slowly during the whole year. The lords of France were much rejo:.ead in order of battle: for there were many prudent, and brave men, when they saw this clear day, and the sun shine, so that they could who had been long accustomed to arms, in the vanguard, in the look about them on all sides. king's battalion, and in the rear-guard, who knew well what they It was a fine sight to view these banners, helmets, and beautiful were to do, for they were the flower of chivalry in Christendom. emblazoned arms: the army kept de[ad silence, not uttering a Way was made for them; and the lord de Clisson spoke first, bow- sound, but eyed a large battalion of Flemings before them, who ing to the king from his horse, and taking off the beaver he wore, were marching in a compact body, with their staves advanced in the saying, " Sire, rejoice: these people are our own; and our lusty var- air, which looked like spears; and, so great were their numbers, lets will fight well with them." " Constable," replied the king, they had the appearance of a wood. The lord d'Estonnenort told "God assist you! now advance, in the name of God and St. Den- me, that he saw (as well as several others) when the oriflamme was is." The knights, before mentioned as the king's body-guard, now displayed, and the fog had dispersed, a white dove fly many times drew up in good order. The king created many new knights, as round the king's battalion. When it had made several circles, and did different lords in their battalions, so that several new banners the engagement was about to begin, it perched on one of the king's were displayed. banners: this was considered as a fortunate omen. The Flemings advanced so near, that they com. menced a cannonade with bars of iron, and quarrels _______________ OF____ R Cheaded with brass. Thus mwas the battle begun by ____~~ "\~ } ~~~~~Philip and his men against the-...._ b-attal-_ o f the king's battalion,which to-_-__-__:_(~ ~ ~~ ~ —-< _ t h e ~ fo ~:f t h e _~~~ ~....'-/~ ~-~-a-?~-:'4m-,-~ " that the outset was very th- to as s l a- p, ad sharp; for the Flemings, ____iten the_ Flemingsinflamed with pride and courage, came on witn vigor, and, pushing with lord de -_u:l_ displayed his banner thishoulders and breasts like who also kenraged wild boars, they were strongly interlaced, one with the other, tha t were3 they could not be broken, nor their ranks forced. By h this attack, of cannons and bombards, the lord d'. A t~~~~ Albaruin, banneret, Morlet de Haruin, and James ^.......asamatt erofgreatdoudDor6, on the side of the French, were first slain; and the king's battalion obliged to fall hback. But -.or hthe van and rear-guards pushed forward, and, bybeen -boughtand diplae inclosing the Flemings, enemie-s; f straightened them much. Upon the two wings.. these men-at-arms made their attack: and, with their well-tempered Ian. BATTLE OF RosnECQuic.-Jl)esigned feom various authorities in the larleian MSS., 4374. ces of Bordeaux, pierced through their coats of mail to the flesh. Allwho'It was ordered, that when the engagement was about to commence, were assailed by them drew back to avoid the blows, for never would the battalion of the king, with the oriflamme of France, should nmarch those that escaped return to the combat: by this means, the Flemto the front of the army, that the van and rear-guards should form ings were so straitened that they could not use their staves to dethe two wings as speedily as possible, and by this means inclose and fend themselves. They lost both strength and breath, and, falling straiten the Flemings, who were drawn up in the closest order, and upon one another, were stifled to death without striking a blow. gain a great advantage over them. Notice of this intended move- Philip von Artaveld was surrounded, wounded by spears, and. ment was sent to the rear-guard, of which the count d'Eu, the count beaten down, with numbers of the Ghent men, who were his guards. de Blois, the count de St. Pol, the count de IHsrcourt, the count de When Philip's page saw the ill success of his countrymen, being Chatillon, and the lord de la Gere were commanders. The young well mounted on his courser, he set off, and left his master, for he lord de Haurel displayed his banner this day before the count de could not give him any assistance, and returned toward Courtray, Blois, who also knighted sir Thomas d'Istre, and the bastard sir on his way to Ghent. When the Flemings found themselves in James de Hameth. According to the report of the heralds, there closed on two sides, there was an end to the business, for they could' were this day created four hundred and sixty-seven knights. not assist each other. The king's battalion, which had been someThe lord de Clisson, sir John de Vienne, and sir William de Lan- what disordered at the beginning, now recovered. The men-atgres, having made their report to the king, left him and went to their arms knockled down the Flemings with all their might. They had post in the vanguard. Shortly afterwards, the oriflamme was dis- well sharpened battle-axes, with which they cut through helmets: played by sir Peter de Villiers, who bore it. Some say (as they find and disbrained heads: others gave such blows with leaden maces, it written) that it was never before displayed against Christians, and that nothing could withstand them. Sarcely were the Flemings that it was a matter of great doubt during the march whether it should overthrown before the pillagers advanced, who, mixing with the be displayed or not. However, the matter having been fully con- men-at-arms, made use of the long- knives they carried, and finished sideredl, they resolved to display it, because the Flemings followed slaying whoever fell into their hands, without more mercy than if" opinions contrary to that of pope Clement, and called themselves Ur- they had been so many dogs. The clattering on the helmets, by the - baniats; for which the French said they were rsbellious and out of axes and leaden maces, was so loud, that nothing else could be heard the pale of the church. This was the principal cause why it had for the noise. I was told, that if all the armorers of Paris and Bruxboen brought and displayed in Flanders. elles had been there working at their trade, they could not have made''Ike oriflamme o was a most excellent banner, and had been sent a greater noise than these combatants did on the helmets of their: enemies; for they struck with all their force, and set to their work *'The oriflamme was asacred banner, carefully preserved, of a.., and had with the greatest good-will. Some, indeed, pressed too forward into. the name of St. Dioeysmas on it. This was never called out but.,oust urgent occasions, when the king himself was present, and to be disos. -'o. elely against * Gonfa.non was a square pennor, fixed to the end of a lance, such as ame nmwea,~beretica in Italy and the bearer was called Gonfanonier, or Gonfilonlere 322 CHRONICLES OF ENULANDl, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c the crowd, and were surrounded and slain: in particular,. sir Louis On Thursday evening, intelligence arrived at Bruges of the defea: de Gousalz, a knight from Berry, and sir Fleton de Reniel. There of the army, and of everything being lost. They were more aston. were several more, which was a great pity; but in such a battle as this, ished than ever, and said among themselves," Our destruction is now where such numbers are engaged, it is not possible for victory to be oome upon us: if the Bretons should advance hither and enter our obtained without being dearly bought; for young knights and squires, town, we shall be pillaged and murdered, for they will spare none." eager to gain renown, willingly run into perils in hopes of honor. Upon this, the townspeople of both sexes, collected their jewels and The crowd was now so great, and so dangerous for those inclosed most precious effects, and began to embark in vessels, to save them. in it, that the men-at-arms, if not instantly assisted, could not raise selves by sea, in Holland or Zealand, or wherever fortune should themselves when once down. By this were several of the French carry them. In this manner were they employed four days: and killed and smothered; but they were not many, for, when in danger, you would not have found in all the hbtels of Bruges one silver they helped each other. There was a large and high mount of the spoon. Everything was packed up for fear of the Bretons. Flemings who were slain; and never was there seen so little blood When Peter du Bois. who was confined to his bed from he spilt at so great a battle, where such numbers were killed. When wounds he had received at Commines, heard of the defeat of the those in the rear saw the front fail, and that they were defeated,they army, and death of Philip von Artaveld, and how much the inhabit were greatly astonished, and began to throw away their staves and ants of Bruges were alarmed, he did not think himself very safe, and armor, to disband and fly toward Courtray and other plac-es, not therefore declared he would set out from Bruges and return to Ghent; having any care but to save themselves, if possible. The Bretons for he thought that Ghent would be much frightened: he therefore and French pursued them into ditches, alder groves, and heaths, ordered a litter for himself, as he could not ride. You must know, where they fought with and slew them. Numbers were killed in the that when the news arrived at Ghent of the great loss of their men, pursuit, between the field of battle and Courtray, whither they were the death of Philip von Artaveld, and the destruction of their army, flying in their way to Ghent. they were so much cast down, that if the French on the day of the This battle on Mont d'Or took place the 27th day of November, battle, or even on the Friday or Saturday, had advanced to Ghent on the Thursday before Advent, in the year of grace 1382: and at before Peter du Bois arrived there, they would have opened the gates that time the king of France was fourteen years of age. to them, without any opposition, and submitted to their mercy. But the French did not attend to this, thinking themselves perfectly mas. ters since Philip was dead: and that the Ghent men would, of theis CHAPTER c x XV. own accord, surrender themselves to the king's mercy. This meas. ure, however, they did not adopt. On the contrary, they alone carTHE NUMBER OF SLAIN AT TIHE BATTLE OF'ROSEBECQUE AND PURSUIT ried on the war with greater- vigor and bitterness than before, as you AFTERWARDS. PHILIP VON ARTAVELD IS IIHANGED AFTER HE WAS DEAD. will hear related in the continuance of this history. THE SIEGE OF 0OUDENARDE IS RAISED. PETER DU BOIS RETREATS TO On the Friday the king dislodged from Rosebecque, on account GHENT. TRHE KING OF FRANCE FIXES MIS QUARTERS tN THEi TOWN OF of the stench of the dead: he was advised to advance to Courtray to COURTRAY. refresh himself. The halze* and some knights and squires who well THk were the Flemings defeated on Mont d'Or, their pride hum new the country, mounting their horses, entered the town of Cour. bled, and Philip von Artaveld slain; and with him nine thousand tray full gallop; for there was not any opposition made. The women, men from Ghentn and its dependncies (according toh the report of both rich and poor, and many men also, ran into cellars and churches men from Ghent and its dependencies (according to the report of to save themselves, so that it was a pitiful sight. Those who first the heralds) on the spot, not including those killed in the pursuit, entered Courtray gained considerably by the pillage. The French which amounted to twenty-five thousand more. This battle, from wbic amunte totweny-fve tousnd mre.Thisbatle, romand Bretons next came there, and lodged themselves as they entered. the beginning to the defeat did not last more than half an hour. The and Bretons next came tere, and lodged themselves as they entered event was very honorable to all Christendom, as well as to the no- The king of France made his entry the first day of December. A strict search was now made over the town for the Flemings bility and gentry; for had those low-bred peasants succeeded, A strict search was now made over the town for theFlemings who had hid themselves, and no man was admitted to mercy, for the there would have been unheard of cruelties practiced, to the destrueFrench hated them as much as they were hated by the townspeople, tion of all gentlemen, by the common people, who had everywhere on account of a battle which had formerly been fought before Cour. risen in rebellion. Now, let us think of the Parisians: what they will say, when they hear the news of te defeat of the Flemings at tray, when the count Robert d'Artois and all the flower of the French will say, when they heat' the news of the defeat of the Flemings at nblt eesan h ighdbadta hr a nacae Rosebecque, a~nd the death of Philip von Artaveld, their leader? 7nobility were slain. The king had heard that there was in a chapel Rosebecqne, and the death of Philip von Artsveld, their leader? They will not be much rejoiced more than several other large townl.of the Virgin in Courtray five hundred gilt spurs, which had belonged T~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~t hey wni nts be Frnhreoced mor than pshevera other large o ultowns When this battle was completely finished, they allowed time for to the knights of France who had perished at the battle of Courtray in the year 1302, and that the inhabitants eve'y year kept a grand the pursuers to collect together, and sounded the trumpets of retreat, for each to retire to his quarter, as was proper. The vanguar solemnity, by way of triumph, for the success of this battle. He for each to retire to his quar~ters, as was proper. The vangurard declared he would make them pa~y for it: and, o~i h~is departure, halted beyond the king's battalion, where the Flemings were quar- declared he would make them pay for it: and, o his departure, tered on the Wednesday, and made themselves very comfortable would give up the town to fire and flame; so that they should rememr tered on the Wednesday, and made themselves very comfortable;h er, in times to come, that the king of France had been there. for there was a sufficiency of provision in the king's army, besides her, in times to come, that the king of France had been there. Soon after the arrival of the king and his lords at Courtray, sir the purveyances which came from Ypres. They made, the ensuing Daniel de Haluin, with fifty lances from the garrison of Oudenarde, night, brilliant fires in different places, of q'N. staves of the Flemings: came thither to pay their respects to the king. They were very whoever wished for any could collect sufhtcent to load his back. When the king of France arrived at his camp, where his magni. graciously received by him and his lords; and, after staying there ficent pavilion of red silk had been pitched, and when he had been one day, they returned to their companions in Oudenarde disarmed, his uncles, and many barons of France, came, as was right, to attend him. Philip von Artaveld then came into his mind, and he said: "If Philip is dead or alive, I should like to see him." CHAPTER CXXVI. They replied, " they would have a search made for him." It was RUGES SUBMuITS TO THE KING'S MIERCY. THE COUNT DE BLOIS GUARDS proclaimed through the army, that whoever should discover the body THE COUNTRY OF IIAINAULT PROM BRING PILLAGED. TIE INHABITANTS of Philip von Artaveld, should receive one hundred francs. Upon OF GHENT GAIN COURAGE FROM PETER DU OIS. this the varlets examined the dead, who were all stripped, or nearly so, and Philip through avarice was so strictly sought after, that he THE Bretons and the vanguard showed very plainly the great desire THr. Bretons and the vanguard showed very plainly the great desire was found bv a varlet, who had formerly served him some time, and they had to march to Bges and to divide the spoil among themselves, who knew himi perfectly. He was dragged before the king's pa. for they were quartered between Tourout and Bruges. The earl of vilion. The king looked at him for some time, as did the other Flanders, who had an affection for the town of Bruges, and who r, I~~~~~~~~~~~wud have been sorry for its destruction, had strong suspicions of' lords. He was turned over and over to see if he had died of wounds, would have been sorry for its destruction, had strong suspicions of but they found none that could have caused his death. He had their designs. He had received intelligence of what was going for. ward in Bruges, and how very much they were frightened. He there. been squeezed in the crowd, and falling into a ditch, numbers of ward in Bge, and how very much they were frightened. He there. Ghent men fell upon him, who died in his company. When they fore took compassion on them, and spoke to his son, the duke of ad sufficiently viewed him, he was taen from thence and nged Burgundy, remonstrating with him, that if the town of Bruges should on ad su etlyvewed Suhih wa s thekend fom thence yond hrangeld. on a tree. Such was the end of Philip von Artaveld. throw itself on the king's mercy, it ought not to be refused; for., if Sir Daniel de Haluin, who, with his knights and squires, had held the Bretons or others were permitted to enter it, it would be irrevo out Oudenarde so hgihly to his honor, knowing well the king of cably ruined. The duke agreed to this. Now it happened that France was in Flanders, and that there would be a batte with e during the king's residence at Courtray, the inhabitants of Bruges, Flemings, ighted, late at night on the Wednesday preceding the who were in great alarms an4 knew not whether to quit their town Fl~~~~~~~~~~~~h eemings igrtedlate atam anigh ontekenesda prcdngotwhe ittheevndtrmie to sedquofiasto theking towslii battle, tour torches, which he hoisted above the walls, as a signal or wait the event, determined to send two friars to the king, to solicit eh e b raised I I. A I on th Thur a passport for twelve of the principal inhabitants to wait on his majesty nexs was brought to the lord of Harzelles and the others, that their army had been completely routed, and Philip von Artaveld slain. The monks came to Courtray and spoke with the king and his Upon this they instantly broke up the siege, and marched away for *This name has puzzled me very much: 1 cannot find it in any dictionary. It is Ghent, leaving behind them the greater part of their stores, each called, both in MSS. and print, Hase, Haze, Hacale and HMIze. —/Hesewas a title running as fast as he could to Ghent. The garrison of Oudenarde conferred on the Bastard of Flanders and Brabant, but it is difficult to account for its was ignorant of this retreat, and remained so until the morrow morn origin the meaning of the word, according to Cot.zave's Dictionary, is "an old tfmale conio or hare," and in subhequent parts of the work the same person ih calhnl "' Le ing. On being informed of it, they sallied out, and carried into Lievre de Braihaut," the hare of Brabant. Some accidental circumstance pzehably Oudenarde great pillage of knives, carriages and stores, which they I gave oseasion for this somewhat strange appellation. —ED.) Loemnd hid. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 323 council, and the earl of Flanders, who softened the business as much much rejoiced at his arrival, replied: "Ah, sir, what canl we do as he could. The king granted the passport for the twelve citizens You know We have had our good captain slain; and, by an exact to come and return, and said he would willingly hear them. On the account, t..e town of Ghent has lost, without counting strangers, full return of the monks to Bruges, twelve deputies set out, under the nine thousand men. This loss touches us so neariy that we have no passport they had brought, and came to the king at Courtray, where hopes left." "Ye foolish people," answered Peter du Bois," are ye they found him accompanied by his uncles. They cast themselves thus thunderstruck when the war is not near over, nor the town of on their knees, and entreated him to accept them for his subjects; Ghent so famous as she shall be? If Philip is dead, it has been by that they were his men, and the town was at his mercy; but begged his own violence. Close your gates, and think of preparing to de.. him, for the love of God, to have mercy on them and not suffer the fend yourselves. Ye do not suppose that the king of France will town to be destroyed or pillaged; for, if it were, too many persons come here this winter.time; and before the proper season shall arrive, would be ruined. With regard to having opposed their lord, they we shall have gained reinforcements from our friends in Holland, had been forced to it by Philip von Artsveld and the Ghent men; Zealand, Guelderland, Brabant and other places. We can have for they had always loyally acquitted themselves to the earl. The men enough for our money. Francis Atremen, who is now in Engking heard this speech through the interpretation of the earl of Flan- land, will soon return, and he and I will be your captains. The war ders, who was present, and who on his knees entreated for them. has never been so serious, or so well conducted, as we will have it. It was explained to the citizens of Bruges, that it would be neces-. We are much better alone than joined by all Flanders; for while,ary to satisfy the Bretons and men-at-arms who were encamped we had the country with us, we knew not how to make war. Let between Touront and Bruges, and that there was no other means of us now attend to the business ourselves, and we shall perform greater doing so but with money. Upon this, negotiations were entered exploits than have hitherto been done." upon as to the sum: at first, two hundred thousand francs were de. By such speeches as this did Peter du Bois rally the cast-down manded; but it was reduced at last to six score thousand francs, inhabitants of Ghent, who would, without doubt, have surrendered sixty thousand of which they were to pay down, and the remainder themselves unconditionally to the king of France, if Peter du Bois at Candlemas; for which the king assured them peace; but they had not been there. So much depends upon the courage and ability surrendered themselves simply as liege men to the king of France of a single man. When the Ghent men saw five or six days pass by faith and homage. By this means was the good town of Bruges ovem without any attempt being made on their town, nor any ap. prevented from being niHrA?. T'ah Bretons were much vexed at pearance of a siege, they recovered their courage, and became more it, for they thought to have had their share; and some of them said, presumptuous than before. when they heard peace had been made, tha.t this war in Flanders was not worth anything; that they had gained too little pillage, and that it did not end well for them; adding, " But when we return CI-PTR CXVII. 1~~~~ ~CHAPTER CXXVII. home, it shall be through the country of Hainault; and duke Albert, "I ~~~~~~~~~~THE TREATY BETWEEN' THlE ENGLISH AND FLEMYINGS IS BRIOKEN. THINl who governs it, has not assisted his cousin the earl of Flanders, but THE TREAT g BETWEENC THE ENGLISH AND FLEMINGS BROEN. T has acted in a double manner. It will be right that we pay him a RING OF FRANCE DEPATS FROM FLANDERS. visit: fo, Hainault is a rich and plentiful country: besides, we Shall You have before heard how sir William Fremiton, having been not find any one to obstruct our passage, and we may there make sent by the king of England and his council with letters to the prin amends for our losses and ill.paid wages." cipal towns in Flanders on the subject of the intended treaties beThere was a time when those of this opinion amounted to twelve tween them, had remained at Calais, and with him Francis Atremen hundred spears, Bretons, Burgundians, Savoyards and others. You and the six citizens of Ghent. When the Flemings heard of the may suppose the charming country of Hainault was in jeopardy. defeat at Rosebecque, they were so much astonished, that the Eng The gallant count de Blois, who was one of the greatest lords of the. lish knight saw he had no occasion to proceed further, for there was rear-guard, and of the king's council, heard of this intended march, an end of the treaty. He therefore took his letters without having and that the Bretons, Burgundians and others, who only looked for sealed them, and returned to England. as speedily as he could, to pillage, menaced the fair country of Hainault; he took immediate relate the particulars of this event. steps to prevent it, saying, it was not to be suffered that so fine a The nobles of England were not sorry on hearing it; for they country should be overrun and pillaged. He summoned to his lodg- said, that'if the commonalty of Flanders had been victorious over ings his cousins, the count de la Marche, the count de St. Pol, the the king of France, and his nobility had been slain, the pride of the lord de Coucy, the lord d'Anghien and several more, all holding lands common people would have been so great that all gentlemen would in Hainault, and who had come thither to serve the king, and remon. have had cause to lament it, for appearances of insurrections had atrated with them, that they ought not by any means to suffer the been shown in England. The Flemings, who had been sent to good country of Hainault, whence they had sprung, and where they London with Francis Atremen, were much cast down, and, hastily had estates, to be pillaged in any way whatever; for, with regard to embarking at Calais, sailed to Middlebourg'in Zealand. The depu. the war, Hainault had not been in the least wanting, but had most ties returned to their different towns, and Francis Atremen and his loyally assisted the king in this expedition with its barons, and, before companions got to Gheat as well as they were able, through Zea the king came into Flanders, it had aided the earl of Flanders with land, b:ut not until the kiing of France had left Flanders. its knights and squires, who had shut themselves in Oudenarde and Duriig the residence of the king of France in Courtray, many Dendremonde, at the risk of their lives and fortunes. councils were held, to determine whether they should lay siege to The count de Blois exerted himself so mnuch, and gained so many Ghent or not. The king was well inclined for so doing, as were the partisans, that all those measures were broken, and Hainault remained Bretons and Burgundians. But the lords of the council, as it was in peace. This gallant lord performed another noble service. There now the heart of winter, considered, that no effectual war could be was in Flanders a knight callId the lord d'Esquemine, who from carried on, and that the knights were much weakened and harassed affection to a relation of his, called Daniel Bose, killed in Valen. by the cold; that, as the rivers round Ghent were wide and deep, it ciennes by his own fault, had declared he would make war on and would be time thrown away to attempt the siege: besides, the chiefs harass that town. He had done so, and threatened to insult it still were also worn down by the rains, the cold, and lying on the ground, more, being seconded by many friends inclined to evil; for it was so that, everything considered, the kIing was advised to return to reported that he had collected full five hundred spears, who would Tournay, where he might recruit himself and keep his Christmas follow him into Hainault to attack the town of Valenciennes, in which Those from the more distant parts, such as Auvergne, Dauphiny, they said he was justified. But when the count de Blois heard of Savoy and Burgundy, were to march quietly into their own counit, he went to him nobly accompanied, and ordered the knight not tries. But the king and his council wished the Bretons, Normans to dare enter Hainault, nor to comiduct any men-at-arms into the and French to remain with him and the constable; for, as he could countries of his cousin duke Albert, otherwise he should pay dearly depend on them, he intended employing them against the Parisians, for it. This gallant count went further, and made the knight his who had been so busy in forging armor, to make them behave better particular friend, and obsequious to himself and the lord de Coucy; than they had hitherto done, since the coronation of the king. and thus was that town kept in peace. Such services did the count When the king of France departed friom Courtray, he was not for. de Blois to Hainault and Valenciennes, for which he gained great getful, any more than his lords, of the gilt spurs which had been hung'ove and affection, but particularly fiom Valenciennes. up in a church at Courtray, and which had belonged to the French The lords and the men-at-arms still remained in and about Cour. nobility who had fallen with Robert d'Artois atthe battle of Courtray, for they knew not whether the king would march to Ghent or tray. The king therefore ordered the town to be burnt and destroyed. rot. The French imagined, that when Bruges had surrendered itself The carl of Flanders, on hearing of this, went to the king, in hopes to the king's mercy, Ghent would do the same, since it: had lost its of remedying it, and flung himself on his knees, begging of him to leader, and such numbers of men at the battle of Rosebecque. In recal his orders; but the king answered, he would do no such thing. truth, for three days, the inhabitants were well inclined so to do, The earl dared not renew his request, but went away to:has lodgings and knew not how to act: to quit the town and leave everything, before they were set on fire. The duke of Burgundy had taken or to send the keys to the king, and surrender themselves to his. down a curious' clock which strt/ck the hours, the handsomest that mercy. They were so completely cast down that there was neither was to be seen on either side of the sea, which he had caused to be union nor steadiness among them. The lord de Harzelles, though packed up, and placed on carts with its bell, and carried to Dijon,:n the town, was incapable of giving them comfort. where it was placed, and there strikes the hours day and night. When Peter du Bois arrived, he found the gates open without any After the king had quitted the town, it was harshly treated; for guards, which much surprised him; and he asked,.why they did not it was burnt and destroyed without mercy: and many knights, better guard the town. Those who came to him, and who were squires. men.at-arms, fine children, both boys and girls, were carried 324 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c away as slaves, to be ransomed. The king rode on to Tournay, pillaged by the Bretons, to whom large sums were due for their pay where he was shown every respect due to him, and fixed his quar- and who had fought hard in this campaign: they were much dis ters at the abbey of Saint Martin. The inhabitants were all dressed contented with the king, and it was with some difficulty they were in white with three green bars on one side: and proper houses were restrained. The constable and marshals of France appeased them, alloted to the lords. The king was at Saint Martin's: and his at- by promising that their whole pay should be complttely paid them at tendants occupied one quarter of the town. The duke de Berry Paris; and, with the lord Louis de Sancerre and the lord de Blain. was lodged in the palace of the bishop; the duke de Bourbon at the ville, pledged themselves for their performance. Crown; the duke of Burgundy at the Golden Head; the constable Upon this the king departed, following the road to Peronne. The at St. James's Head. carl of Flanders took his leave of the king, and returned to Lille, Proclamation was made for none to do any damage to the good where he resided. The king continued his route through Peronne, people of Tournay, under pain of death, nor take anything without Noyon, Compiegne, to Senlis, where he stopped. The army took paying for it, nor to enter the country of Hainault with intent of up their quarters in the-~illages between Senlis and Meaux in Brie, doing mischief. All these orders were obsexved. The lords re-. and upon the river Marne and round St. Denis, so that the whole freshed themselves there with their men: but those from the distant country was filled with men-at-arms. The king having left Senlis parts returned to their homes through Lille, Douay and Valenci- for Paris, ordered his officers to make ready the Louvre, where he ennes. The count de Blois took leave of the king and his uncles, and intended to dismount. His three uncles did the same, sending their of his companion the count d'Eu, and retired to his inheritance in servants to prepare their hbtels, as did other lords. This they were Hainault. He stopped one day and night at Valenciennes, where advised to, by way of precaution; for the king and his lords had he was magnificently entertained; for he had gained the affection been counselled not to enter Paris suddenly, as the Parisians were not of the inhabitants, as well in gratitude for the services he had ren- to be depended on, but to observe what countenance they would dered by preventing the Bretons, Burgundians and Savoyards, from show, and what preparations they had made against the king's return. putting their intentions into execution of overrunning the country, The king's officers, and the servants of the other lords, were ordered as in regard to sir Thierry d'Esquemine, who had long kept them in if any questions were asked about the king, and if he were coming alarm, and who, by having put himself under the obedience of the to reply, "Yes, truly: he will be here instantly." count and the lord de Coucy, had given them peace. The count de The Parisians, on learning this, resolved to arm themselves, and Blois left Valenciennes and went to Landrecies, where he passed show the king, on his entrance into Paris, the force that was in the some time, with the lady Mary his wife and his son Louis, in recov- city armed from head to foot, ready for him, if he pleased, to dispose ering himself from his fatigues. The following summer he went to of. It would have been better for them to have remained quiet in Blois; but the countess and her son continued in Hainault, and lived theii houses, for this display cost them dearly. They said they had the greater part of the time at Beaumont. done it with good intentions, but it was taken in an opposite sense The king lodged at Louvres,* and from thence went to Bourget:i it was immediately reported in Paris, that the king would be in. C H A P T ER C xxvIII. stantly there: upon which, upward of twenty thousand Parisians armed themselves and took the field, and drew up in a handsome VAIN ATTEMPTS MADE FOR PEACE BETWEEN THE KING OF FTRANCE AND battalion between St. Ladre and Paris, on the side of Montmartre. GHENT. THE XING, ON HIS RETURN TO PARIS, ORDEos THE CHAINS Their cross-bowmen had large shields and mallets, and all were pre. TO BE TAKEN AWAY THAT BARRItADED THE STREETS. HE SEVERELY pared as for instant combat. The king was still at Bourget, with his PINISHES THE PARISIANS. lords, when this news was brought them, and an account of the state THE count de la Marche and sir James de Bourbon, his brother, of Paris. " See," said the lords, " the pride and presumption of this left Tournay to refresh themselves at their castle of Hainault. The mob! what are they now making this display for? if they had thus lord Guy de Laval, a Breton, went to Cheure in Hainault, which is come to serve the king when he set out for Flanders, they would divided between sir Robert de Namur and himself. The lord de have done well; but their heads were only stuffed with prayers to Coucy stopped at Mortagne on the Scheld, where he rested himself God, that none of us might return." To these words some, who and his men: but the greater part of the time he was with the king would have been glad to have gone further, and attacked the Paris. at Tournay. The count de St. Pol was commissioned to correct the ians, added, "if the king be well advised, he will not put himself Urbanists of the town, which was reported to contain many. Several into the hands of such people, who meet him fully armed when they were discovered, and wherever found, even in the church of Nbtre ought to come in all humility, with a procession, ringing the bells of Dame, they were arrested, cast into prison, and paid dearly for their Paris, and returning thanks to God for the grand victory he has been liberty. By this means the. count de St. Pol amassed in a very few pleased to give us in Flanders." days seven thousand francs: for none obtained their liberty without The lords were somewhat puzzled how to act: at last, it was de. paying, or giving very good security. ternmined that the constable of France, the lord d'Albreth, the lord During the king's residence at Tournay, the men of Ghent had a de Coucy, Sir Guy de la Trimouille and Sir John de Vienne, should passport granted them to come thither and return. There were go to speak with them, and demand the reason why they had come hopes that they would have been pardoned; but, during the confer- out of Paris in such a body, armed from head to foot, to meet their ences which were holden, they were as proud and hardened as if they king; for that such a proceeding had never before been known in had been the conquerors at the battle of Rosebecque. They declared, France. These lords were prepared to answer, whatever might be indeed, that they would willingly put themselves under the obedience their reply to this question; for they were fully capable to manage a of the king, and would form part of the domain of France, under the business, had it been of ten times the importance. They set out jurisdiction of Paris; but that they would never acknowledge for their from the king unarmed, and, to give a pretext to their mission, they lord earl Louis, because they could never love him for the great mis- took with them three or four heralds, whom they ordered to ride for chiefs he had done them. Several attempts were made to obtain a ward, saying, "Go to those people and demand firom them a passpor' peace between thle king and his council with these deputies; but, for our coming to them and our return, as we are ordered to parley notwithstanding the interference of some wise prelates, they could with them, and tell them the king's commands." The heralds, stick not get from them any other answer. They declared to the prelates, ing spurs into their horses, soon came up to the Parisians. Wher that if they were to live in such peril as would turn the town upside the Parisians saw them coming, they never thought they were or down for three or four years, they would never alter their minds. dered to speak with them, but that they were going to Paris, like They were told they might return when they pleased: upon which, men who wished to get there beforehand. they departed from Tournay to Ghent, and things remained in a The heralds, who had their emblazoned tabards on, asked, with a state of war. loud voice, " Where are the chiefs? where are the chiefs? Who The king of France and his lords took great pains that all Flan- among you are captains 7 because it is to themn our lords have sent ders should become Clementists, and obey pope Clement: but the us." These words made some of the Parisians' perceive they had principal towns were as strongly inclined to Urban as the earl, that acted wrong, and, bowing their heads, replied, "TThere are no chiefis they could not be moved. They replied, through the earl's council, here: we are hut one, and under the command of our lord the king. that they would consider of it, and give a determined answer before Speak, in the name of God, what you have to say." "My lords, Easter: the business, therefore, was held over till then. The king answered the heralds, " our lords (naming them) have sent us hither; of France kept his Christmas at Tournay: and, when he departed, for they cannot perceive what are your intentions; and to require he appointed the noble lord de Guistelles governor of Bruges, the lord that they may peaceably and without peril come hither and speah de St. Py governor of Ypres, the lord'de Guistelles chief regent* of with you, and return to the king with such an answer as you shall Flanders, and sir John de Jumont governor of Courtray, whither the give them; fior otherwise they are afraid to come." "By my troth,' king sent two hundred Bretons and other men-at-arms, and to gar- replied those to whom this speech was addressed, "there was no rison Ardembourg. Sir William de Laumeghien was nominated to need to say this to us, unless it came from their noble minds; but Oudenarde, with about one hundred lances for his garrison. Thus we think you are laughing at us." "WVe have told you nothing but were all the strong places in Flanders provided with men-at-arms and the truth," said the heralds. "Well then," replied the Parisians, stores, to enable them to carry on the war during the winter upon "go and tell them they may come here in perifct safety; for they the ememy's garrisons. shall have no harn from us, who are ready to obey their commands." These things being arranged, the king set out from Tournay for The heralds returned to their lords and related what you have just Brras, attended by his uncles and the earl of Flanders. During the read. The four barons then advanced, attended by the heralds, to ~es8ifence of the king at Arras, the city ran a great risk of being "LOUVres" —a town in the Isle of France, five leagues from Senile, six firo'm'arns "t Regard." t "Bouraet" —a small town ia tire isle of France. about a league from Paris. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN. &c. 325 the Parisians, whom they found drawn up in very handsome battle- judged me guilty of death." He then harangued the peopie, and array. They were upward of twenty thousand. As these lords rode those who were to suffer with him, which made all pity him, but they by them, examining and praising, in their own minds, their hand- dared not speak out. some appearance, the Parisians bowed as they passed. When they He was carried to the market-place in front of the town-house, were arrived in the centre, they stopped; and the constable address- where all who accompanied him were beheaded before his eyes: in ing (hem, said with a loud voice, "You people of Paris, what can the number was Nicholas Flamand, a draper, for whose life forty have induced you thus to quit your town in such array? It would thousand francs had been offered in vain. When the executioner seem that, thus drawn up, you were desirous of combating the king, came to behead John des Marets, he said to him, "Master John, your lord, you who are his subjects." " My lord," replied those beg for mercy of the king, that he may pardon you your crimcas." who heard him, "under your favor we have no such intentions, nor Upon which he turned, and said, "I have served his great-grand. ever had. We have come out in this manner, since you please to father king Philip, king John, and king Charles his father, faithfully know it, to display to our lord the king, the force of the Parisians, and loyally: and never did these three kings find fault with me, nor for he is very young and has never seen it; and, if he should not be would this king have done so, if he had arrived at the wisdom and made acquainted with it, he can never know what service he may age of manhood. I firmly believe that, in.my condemnation, he is draw from us should there be occasion." "Well, gentlemen," not any ways culpable. I have not, therefore, any cause to beg his answered the constable, "you speak fairly: but we tell you from mercy; but from'God alone shall I beg it, and that he would forgive the king,, that at this time he does not wish to see it, and what you all my sins." Upon this he took leave of all the people, who, for the have done has been sufficient for him. Return, therefore, instantly greater part, were in tears; and thus died Master John des Markts. to Paris, each man to his own house, and lay aside your arms, if you In like manner were several executed in the city of Rouen, and wish the king should come thither." " My lord," replied the Paris- many fined,-in order to intimidate the people. At Rheims, Ch&lons, ians, "we will cheerfully obey your orders." Troyes, Sens and Orl6ans, similar scenes passed. The towns were The Parisians upon this marched back to Paris, and each went to heavily fined because they had been disobedient at the commencehis house to disarm himself. The four barons returned to the king, ment of this reign. Immense sums were thus raised throughout the and reported to him and his council the words you haveheard It kingdom, and all went to the dukes of Berry and Burgundy, for the was then ordered that the king and his uncles, with the principal king was under their management. However, to say the truth, the lords, should enter Paris with some men-at-arms, but that the main constable and marshals had great part of it to pay the men-at-arms body should remain near the city, to keep the Parisians in awe. The who had served in the expedition to Flanders. The lords and great lord de Coucy and the marshal de Sancerre were ordered to take the barons of France, such as the count de Blois, the count de la Marche, gates off the hinges from the principal gates of St. Denis and St. the count d'Eu, the count de St. Pol, the count de Harcourt, the Marcel immediately on the king's entrance into Paris, so that the count dauphin of Auvergne, the lord de Coucy and others, had gates might be open day and night for the men-at-arms to enter the granted to them assignments on the royal domain, to raise as much more easily, and master the Parisians should there be any necessity as the king owed them for their services in Flanders, and to pay their for it. They also commanded the chains which were thrown across men. I know not how these lords were paid their assignments, for the streets to be taken away, that the cavalry might pass through the very shortly new taxes were imposed on these lands by orders from streets without danger or opposition. These orders were punctually the king. Most commonly the king's tax was insisted on being paid obeyed. first, and the lords were obliged to wait for their arrears. The king made his entrance into Paris and lodged at the Louvre, and his uncles with him: the other lords went to their own hotels, at least those who possessed any. The gates were taken off their CHAPTER CXXX. hinges, and the beatms which had been laid under the tower of the gates, with the chains from the streets, were carried to the palace. THE CHIENT OEN RENTW THE WAR. THE EARL OF FLANDERS BECOMES The Parisians, seeing this, were in great alarm, and'so fearful of be. N OBJCT OF ATRED T TE EGLt. ing punished that none dared to venture out of doors, vor to open a You know that when the king of France departed from Courtray, window; they remained in this situation for three days; in great the town of Ghent was still in a state of war. The governors of it fright lest they should receive more harm than they had done. It at this time were Peter du Bois, Peter de Nuitre and Francis Atrecost them several large sums; for those whom they wished to mark, men, who reinforced their army with soldiers who came friom different were sent for one at a time, to the council chanmber, where they were countries, and were not in the least dismayed with their situation, fined; some six thousand, others three, others one; so that they but as fresh and vigorous as ever. These captains heard that there exacted from the city of Paris, to the profit of the king, his uncles was a garrison of Bretons and Burgundians in the town of Ardem. and ministers, the sum of four hundred thousand francs. They bourg, and therefore determined to pay them a visit. Accordingly, never asked any but the principal persons as to their means of pay- Francis Atremen marched from Ghent with three thousand men, and ment, who thought themselves happy to escape with only a fine. arrived at Ardembourg, where there was a severe skirmish. In fact, They were ordered to carry their armor in bags, each man his own, the Ghent men won the town; but it cost them a number of men, to the castle of BeautY, which is now called the castle of Vincennes, as there were full two hundred of their soldiers killed. The town where they were thrown into the great tower, with the mallets. was stormed, pillaged, and the greater part of it burnt. They then In this manner were the Parisians punished, as an example to the marched back to Ghent with their booty, where they were received other towns of the kingdom of France. In addition, they were taxed with great joy. Shortly after this they advanced to Dendremonde, with subsidies, aides, gabelles, fouages, with the twelfth and thir. Alost, and as far as Oudenarde, plundering the whole country. teenth penny, and many other vexations. The flat country was also The earl of Flanders, who resided at Lille, heard how the Ghent completely ransacked. men were ravaging the country, and marching to different parts to plunder it. He was much enraged thereat, not supposing they would have had either the courage or power so to do, since they had lost CH AP T gR CX X IX. Philip von Artaveld. Those present answered, " My lord, you have SEVERAL OF THE PRINCIPAL CITIZENS OF PARIS ARE BEHEADED, WITn always heard how very artful the men of Ghent are: they have shown JOHN asS MARETS, AND MANY OTHERS IN THE DIFFERENT TOWNS ANI it to you, and will now do so the more since their embassadors are CITIES IN FRANCE. returned from England, especially Francis Atremen, who was the T ingandhiscouncil arrested and threw into prison whatever intimate firiend of Philip: and as long as he lives, you will never be TaE king and his council arrested and threw into prison whatever free from war. We also know for a truth that he has concluded a persons they pleased. Many were drowned; but, in order to calm treaty between Ghent and the king- of England; for he is secretly, the fears of the others, proclamation was made in the king's name in tenty between Ghent and the king of England; for he is secetly,' in spite, of -appearaiice, attached to Englanid, a:'nd receives d-efly frow all the streets and squares of Paris, that no one, under pain of death, thence one fance as wages. John Saplemon, who lives at Bruges, should hurt the inhabitants, nor pillage their houses. This procla- and has resided there under you for twenty-four years, pays him mation greatly appeased the Parisians. There were, however, car- monthly. To corroborate the truth of is connections with England, tied to execution several of the inhabitants who had been conidemned -. thy. To corroborate the truth of his connections with Eng'land, ried to execution several of the inhabitants who had been condemned Rasse de Voirie, Louis de Voz and John Sercolat, who are firom to death for having stirred up the people: but it was with great as- as eViiLusd o n onSroawoaefo tom death fJohn des Martsi was iseen among the number; he was Ghent, and the clerk who solicits the bishopric, have remained betonishment John des Margts* was seen among the number; he was hind in England to complete the treaties. In the month of May, considered as a wise and upright man; and sothe say he was con. you will hearmoe of all this than we now have told you. The demned unjustly, for he was always known to have acted with the you will bear more of all this than we now have told you." The delened unjustly, for he was always known to have acted with the earl of Flanders pondered on what he had heard, and believed the utmost prudence, and was above all one of the greatest and wisest fact wa s s o. He turned his attention to Joh n Saplemon and the members of the courts of law. He had served king Philip, kng i fact was so. He turned his attention to John Salemon and the John and king Charles, with so much credit, that no fault was found English at Binges, and ordered his seljeants to summon thorn to in kim: nevertheless, he was condemned to be beheaded, with twelve appear on a certain day before him. The serjeants ordered John Saplemon and several other rich Englishmen, who were quite unpre. others in aiis company. As they were conducting him to his execo- pared for such a proceeding, to appear that day fortnight before the tion, seated in a cart high above the others, he called out, L e earl, at the castle of Lille. are those who have condemned me? Let them come forth, and jus- The English were much astonished at the summons, and consulted tify, if they can, the cause and reason why and wherefore they have together. They could not imagine for what cause the earl bad thus sumrmoned th-em. Having weighled every cirtcumstan ce:, they bogar, * "John des Mardts" —was an upright man. a distinguished magistrate, and avocat- sone them. Having weighed ev the begat, gendral. tie suffered from the hatred of the' dukes of erry and Burgundy, which was to have their suspicions, for they knew the earl was vein hasty in hs maost inveterate toward him. anger. They said among themselves, "He who is not careful of his 326 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. own person, is careful of nothing. I suspect the earl has had some who, in right of his wife, called himself king of Castille, should set intelligence concerning us; for with Francis Atremen, who has a out for that country to raise a similar army there; and, if the duke pension from our king, there are two citizens of this town in England, of Lancaster would undertake this expedition with a powerful force who, having turned to his party, may perhaps have given information of men-at-arms, he would grant to the king of Portugal (who had against us, and placed us in his ill graces." This idea struck them just commenced a war against don John king of Castille) a full tenth all, and made them afraid to wait the day of summons, and to appear on the whole kingdom of Portugal. at Lille. They set out from Bruges for Sluys, where, by great ex- In this manner was Urban active in his own concerns. He sent ertions, they purchased a vessel that was ready to sail, and having upward of thirty hulls to England, where they were received with embarked, weighed anchor, and arrived at the quays of London. much joy. The prelates preached up in their dioceses this expe. When the earl of Flanders heard of this, and saw that the English dition in the manner of a croisade'; and the people of England, who did not come according to his summons, he was much vexed. He were credulous enough, believed it too readily, so that none of either found, from appearances, that what he had been told was the truth. sex thought they should end the year happily, nor have any chance Hle instantly sent his serjeants to Bruinges, and caused to be seized of entering paradise, if they did not give handsomely to the expedi. whatever could be found belonging to those English who had fled, tion as pure alms. At London, and in that diocese, there was col. selling the articles collected; and John Saplemon of London and his lected a large Gascony tun full of money, and he who gave the most, companions were banished Flanders for one hundred years and a day. according to the pope's hull, gained the greatest number of pardons. Those who had been arrested were thrown into the dungeon of the All who should die at this time, and who had given their money, prison, which cost some of them their lives, while others recovered were absolved from every fault; and, by the tenor of the bull, happy all they had lost. were they who would now die, in order to obtain so noble an absoThere is a common and true saying, that envy never dies. This lution. They collected during the winter and ensuing Lent, through. comes to my remembrance, because the English are too envious of out England, as well by alms as by the tenth from the church, for another's good fortune, and have always been so. You must know, everything was received, and they so cheerfully taxed themselves, that the king of England, his uncles, and the nobility, were much that the sum of twenty-five hundred thousand francs was amassed vexed at the good success and great honor which the king of France and his nobles had gained at the battle of Rosebecque. When the English knights conversed together on the subject, they said: "Ha, CHAPTER CXXXII. by holy Mary! how proud will the French be now, for tile heap of peasants they have- slain. I wish to God, Philip von Artaveld had THr BIHs o OF NORWICH, COMMANDER OF THE ENGLISH IN THE CROISADE had two thousand of our lances and six thousand archers: not one OF URBAN AGAINST TOE cLEOENTISTS, DISEMBARKS AT CALAS WITH Frenchman would have escaped death or imprisonment. By God, HIS ARMY OF URBANISTS. they shall not long keep this honor, for we have now a fine opportu- WHEN the king of England, his uncles, and council, were informed nity of entering Flanders. That country has been conquered by the of the amount of the above sum, they were greatly rejoiced, and said king of France, and we will conquer it for the king of England. they had money sufficient to carry on a war against the two king. The earl of Flanders shows at this moment how completely he is doms of France and Spain. Thomas, bishop of London, and bro subject to France, and how much he wishes, in every respect, to ther to the earl of Devonshire, was nominated to accompany the please her, by banishing from Bruges and Flanders our English mer- duke of Lancaster to Spain, in the name of the pope and prelates of chants, who have resided there upward of thirty years. The time England. They were to have two thousand lances and four thou. has been when he would not have done so for any consideration, but sand archers, and one half of the money which had been raised; but at present he dares not act otherwise for fear of the French." they were not to leave England so soon as the army under the com. This, and such like speeches, were common in England; and it mand of the bishop of Norwich, because this last was to march to was publicly said, that things should not remain as they were: now, Calais and enter France. They were uncertain how far in that one may fairly suppose, that envy was the original cause of it. country they could advance, and whether the king of France would meet them in force to give them battle. There was another circumstance adverse to the duke of Lancas. C H A P T E R C X X X I. ter, who had great expectations from his intended expedition: the common people of England inclined in general to follow the bishop C I URBAN SENDS.T BULLS INTO ENRLANI FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF THE of Norwich in preference to him: for a considerable time hle had CLENTISTS. THE BISHOP OF ORWICH AOINTED COMMANER-IN not been popular with them: besides, France was much nearer than tHlE? AGAINST THEM7. Spain. Some said privately, that the duke of Lancaster, more through Aaotrr this period, he who signed himself pope Urban the sixth, avarice and a desire to partake of the large sums which had been col. came from Rome to Genoa by sea, where he was grandly received, lected from the church and froia the alms of good men than through and lie fixed his seat there. You have heard how all England was devotion, had planned this expedition; but that the bishop of Norobedient to him, both church and commonalty, and now more th.mc wich represented the pope, and had been appointed by him to the ever. Because the king of France and that country-were Clement- command, for which reason the greater part of the people, as well as ists, Urban (whom the English and several other countries obeyed,) the king, had greater faith in him. during his residence at Genoa, sought how he could obtain succors There were in the pay of the church, and under the command of from England to annoy the king of France; and I will tell you by this bishop of Norwich, several good knights of England and Gaswhat means. He was to send his bulls to the archbishops and bishops cony, such as the lord de Beaumont, sir Hugh Calverley, sir Thomas of the country, to proclaim that he absolved, and would absolve, from Trivet, sir William Helmon, sir John Ferrers, sir Hugh Spenser, all crime and fault, every one who would assist in the destruction of nephew of the bishop, being his brother's son, sir William Fermiton, the Clementists. He had heard that his adversary Clement had re. sir Matthew Redman, governor of Berwick, the Lord de Chbteauneuf, sorted to this means in France, and was daily doing so; and that the and his brother sir John de Chateauneuf, Raymond Masson, William French called the Urbanists, as to matters of faith, dogs, which those de Pan, Gariot Vighier, John de Cachitan, with many others: in the retorted back on the Clementists, whom Urban was very desirous of whole, about five hundred lances and fifteen hundred other men; but condemning to the utmost of his power, and he knew that he had there were multitudes of priests, because it was an affair of the no other means of hurting them but through the English. it was church, and had been set on foot by the pope. The men-at.-arms necessary, however, that he should have a considerable sum of ready were punctual in laying in their stores, and the king gave them a money, if he wished to put his plans into execution; for it was well passage from Dover and Sandwich. Their purveyances were at known that the nobles of England would not, for all the absolutions those places about Easter; and all who were desirous of going on in the world, undertake any expedition, unless such were preceded this expedition, which was a sort of a croisade, marched thither in by offers of money. Men-at-arms cannot live on pardons, nor do small bodies. Before the bishop and the captains embarked, but they pay much attention to them except at the point of death. He particularly sir Hugh Calverley, sir Thomas Trivet, and sir William therefore determined, that with the bulls he sent to England for the Helmon, they were summoned to attend the king's council, where prelates to preach upon, he would order a full tenth to be raised by they solemnly swore, in the presence of the king, to fulfil the objec: the church, and to be paid by them to the nobility, without affecting of the expedition, and that they would never make war on, or harass the king's treasury, nor oppressing the common people. This, he any country or men who acknowledged pope Urban, but only those imagined, would be agreeable tothe knights and barons of England. who were under the obedience of Clement. He instantly hastened the writing and engrossing his bulls, as well After they had taken this oath, the king, by advice of his council, to the king as to his uncles and the prelates of England, with his addressed them, saying, " Bishop, and you, Thomas and William, pardons and absolutions from all crimes; he granted, besides, to the Iwhen you shall have arrived at Calais, you will remain there for a king and his uncles, a full tenth to be by them raised and levied month or thereabouts, in which time I will send you a good marshal throughout the kingdom, on which he enlarged very much. And and valiant man, sir William Beauchamp: for I have dispatched because all these sums were to come from the church, he would have messengers to him on the borders of Scotland, where he at present is a churchman command the expedition. I he lord Henry Spenser, holding conferences on our part with the Scots, for the truce between bishop of Norwich, was appointed, that the commonalty and churches us and Scotland will expire on St. John's day. On his return, you of England might have greater faith in it. in addition to this, be. shall have him without fail in your company: therefore wait for him, cause he knew that the'king of Spain was contrary to his interest, for he will be of great use to you by his good sense and advice.' and much allied with the king of France, he declared, that with the The bishop of Norwich and the above-named knights assented to moniey that should be thus raised in England, the duke of Lancaster, this proposal, and quitt.ed the king: they went to Dover, where they CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAI T, & c. 3927 embarked, and arrived at Calais the'23rd of April, 1383. Sir John and demanded his advice on it. Sir Hugh thus replied to the bisnop: Delvernes was at that time governor of Calais, who received the "Sir, you know on what terms we have left England: our expedibishop and his companions with much pleasure. They disembarked tion has nothing to do with what concerns the wars of kings but is a few at a time, with their horses and armor; and those who had solely pointed against the Clementists. We are the soldiers.f pope the opportunity of doing so, lodged themselves in the town; the rest Urban, who has given us absolution from all faults if we destroy the abided in huts which they erected in the neighborhood, and con- Clementists. Should we march into Flanders, notwithstanding that tinued thus until the 4th day of May, expecting their marshal, sir country may now appertain to the king of France and the duke of Williaq, Beauchanp, who, however, did not arrive. Burgundy, we shall forfeit our engagement; for, I understand, that the earl of Flanders and all the Flemings are as good Urbanists as oa rselves; besides, we have not a sufficient army to enter Flanders, for they IMF are prepared and accustomed to war, having had nothing else to do for these last four years. They are a numerous people, and!ng',naself at Calas, ad attheheadof s fie a ody f mn-atrankingin teil indit will be difficult to march we Y thus waitingtrough so strong a coun. arive,,._nd.~ the I..al and his uncles have totalltry. But if you are deter mined on an expedition, let us march into- France, there we shall find our, enemies. The king, our plied:: ~ those who heard him. "-Givenoticetolord, is now at open war daysl maeaecrwith them, and the French are all Clementists, holding a contrary faith to us and to our pope. We as~ wel oar Fades stoar ought to wait for our mar\\'Is is now acnqershal, sir William Beauchamp, who cannot fail to arrive soon with large reinforcements; and the pl - -.:~'e: -~-. last word the king said to bishop uf Norwich, 6ifIfImaybes was, that he would send -y'6 g -und.'= T him. I therefore advise, -~~pl-rp since you are resolved on an expedition, that we THE BissiOP OF NoawnICH AT THE HEAD OF HIs Ttoors. —Designd ftom Contemporary Authorities. march toward Aire or Montreuil: none will venture, as yet, to oppose us, The bishop of Norwich, young and eager, and wishing to bear and we shall add to our numbers by the Flemings, who, having lost arms, having never done so but in Lombardy with his brother, find- their all, will come and join us in the hopes of gain. They have still ing himself at Calais, and at the head of so fine a body of men-at- rankling in their minds the misfortunes the French brought on them arms, said to his companions, " For what purpose, my good sirs, are by the slaughter of their fathers, sons, and friends, in their wars." we thus waiting here so long?' Sir William Beauchamp will never Scarcely had sir Hugh done speaking, when the bishop, in a rage, arrive, and the king and his uncles have totally forgotten us. Let hot and impetuous as he was, replied, "Yes, yes, sir Hugh: you us perform some deeds of arms, since we have been ordered so to do, have learnt so long to fight in France, that you know not how to and loyally employ the money of the church, since we are living upon fight elsewhere. Now, can we anywhere make an excursion with it, and make conquest on our enemies." "It is well spoken," re- more advantage to ourselves than toward the sea, by Bourbourg, plied those who heard him. "Give notice to ou'r men, that in three Dunkirk, Nieuport, and thence to the dependencies of Cassel, Ber. dayR we shall make an excursion, and let us determine to what part gues, Ypres, and Poperingue? In the country I have named, ac we shall march. We cannot issue out of the gates of Calais without cording to the informations I have received from citizens of Ghent entering an enemy's country: for France surrounds us on all sides, who are with us, they have never been harassed by the war; we as well toward Flanders as toward Boulogne and St. Omer: Flan- will therefore go thither to refresh ourselves, and wait for the arrival ders is now a conquered country, by the power of the king of France. of sir William Beauchamp, if he intend coming, but as yet we have Considering all things, we cannot do a more honorable thing than to not had any intelligence of him." reconquer it; for the earl of Flanders has done great injustice to our Sir Hugh Calverley, seeing himself thus rebuffed by. the bishop, countrymen, whom, without any apparent reason, he has banished who was of high birth and his commander, notwithstanding he was from Bruges and Flauders. Two years ago, he would not willingly a valiant knight, made no reply, and the rather, because he had not have done so; but at this moment he must obey the orders and good any support from sir Thomas Trivet, nor from sir William Helmon: pleasure of the king of France." "On which account," said the he therefore left the place, saying, "By God, sir, if you make an bishop of Norwich, "if If I may be believed, the first expedition we excursion, sir Hugh Calverley will accompany you, and you shall undertake should be to Flanders." " You shall be believed heartily,' take neither road nor march but he will be of the party." "I wil. replied sir Thomas Trivet and sir William Helmon: "give orders lingly believe," said the bishop, "that you have a great desire for an for this, and let us march thither in three days, for it will be on ene- excursion: therefore make yourself ready, for we shall march in the my's ground." This was adopted by all the council, and they gave morning." In this resolution they agreed, and then separated. notice of it to the rest of the army. Orders were sent to all the quarters in and round Calais, that every one might be prepared for the expedition in the morning. When morning came, the trumpet sounded, and all marched off, taking the. C H A P T E R C x x x iroad toward Gravelines. They were, according to a muster made,,, three thousand armed heads. T'hey continued their march until'. TEE BISHOP OF NORAvICIT, COMMANDER OF THE URBA.NISTS, ENTERS FLAN- they came to the port of Gravelines; but it was at the time of ebb;, DERS CONTRARY TO TIE OPINION OF SIR HUEtB CALYERrEW. TiE EARL they therefore passed by theport, and attacked and pillaged a mon-. OF FLANDERS SENDS EMIBASSADORS TO THE BISHOP, WHnO RETURNS A astery which the townsmen had fortified. The town could not hold BARSQT ANITwER. out long, for it was only inclosed by palisadoes, and the. inhabitants SIR Hugh Galverley was not present at this council, having gone were seamen. If there had been any gentlemen in the town it. to see a cousin called sir John Droicton,5 who was governor of Gu- would have held out longer than it did. Neither had the cointry ines, and had remained there all that day, intending to return on the any notice of this war, nor did they any way suspect the English of' following, which he did. The bishop sent for bni to the castle, thus attacking them. The English therefore conqjuered the town of where he was lodged, as were the others, because sir Hugh had been Gravelines by storm, and, having ended it, advanced toward the longer accustomed to arms, and had seen more than they had done. monastery, whither these good people had retreated, carrying with The knights had told the bishop, that they wished to have sir them their wives, children and fortunes, which they placed therein,. Hugh's opinion before they undertook anything. The bishop related depending on the strength of the walls. They had made deep So sir Hugh, in their presence, the conversation which had passed, ditches all round this strong place, so that the English could not. " Droicton." Q. IDrma~'ts's. immediately win it, but remained two days in the town before the/ 328 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND. FRANCE, SPAIN, c. took it. In the end, they conquered, and slew those who defended greatly strengthened; for the earl, who was a silbtle character,.mighl it, doing with the remainder according to their pleasure. Thus inform the king of France and duke of Burgundy of his situation, were they lords and masters of Gravelines, where the whole army by whose means so large a force might in a few days coma apon was quartered, and found plenty of provisions. The country began them, that they would be unable to resist it. Having formed this to take alarm on hearing the English were in possession of Grave- resolution as to the answer they would give in the morn'ng to the lines; and those of the low countries sheltered themselves in the knights from Flanders, sir Hugh Calverley was called upon for his fortresses, sending their wives and children to Bergues, Bourbourg, opinion, who said to the bishop, "Sir, you are our commander: and St. Omer, you will tell them that we are on the territories of the duchess of The earl of Flanders heard at Lille, where he resided, that the Bar, who is a Clernentist; that you make war for Urban and no one English had made war on his country, and had taken Gravelines. else; and that if the people of this country, with the churches and He began to have suspicions of them, as well as of Bruges and its monasteries, will be good Urbanists, and march with you through dependencies. Summoning his council, he said to them, " I am the country, your men shall peaceably pass, paying for whatever very minuch astonished that the English should overrun my country, they may want: but in respect to granting them passports to go to and take my towns without giving me any notice of it; and that, England, you will do no such thing; for our war does not regard without sending me anlly defiance, they should have entered my either the king of France or the king of England, but solely pope territories." "Indeed, my lord," some of them replied, "you have Urban, whose soldiers we are. It seems to me that such an answer cause to wonder; but one may suppose they consider Flanders as ought to satisfy them." All present assented to it, and particularly belonging to France, since the kngo had advanced so far into it, that the bishop, who had no other care, whatever might be said or done, the country surrendered to him." "Well, what had we best do?" but to fight and carry on the war. Thus was this business arranged asked the earl. "It will be right," replied his council, "that sir for the night. On the morrow after mass, the two knights, desirous John de Villain and sir John du Moulin, who are here, and have of having their answer, went to the lodgings of the bishop, and pensions from the king of England, should go in your name to Eng. waited until he came out to hear mass, when they placed themselves land to speak with the king, and report to him a detail of this affair, before him. Outwardly he seemed glad to see them, and conversed and demand, in your name, for what purpose he thus makes war on with them on different topics to delay the time, until his knights you. I believe, that when he shall have heard your embassadors, should come. On their arrival the bishop said, "My fair gentlemen, he will be angered at those who have thus harassed your country, you are come for an answer, and youshall have one. With regard and recal them thence with much blame." "This is very well," to the request you made to us from the earl of Flanders, I inform you, said the earl, ".but during the time our knights are going to England, you may return when you please to the earl; but as to Calais ol those at Gravelines (and who will stop them?) may do great damage England, you will go at your perils, for I will not give you any pass. to the inhabitants of the Franconate." The earl was thus answered: port. I am not king of England, nor commissioned to do so. I am "'It is necessary some parley should be held with them, as well to the soldier of pope Urban, and all those who are with me are so obtain passports for Calais and England as to know what it is they likewise, having taken his money to serve him. We are at this want; and sir John Villain and sir John du Moulin are such discreet moment on the territories of the duchess of Bar, who is a Clemen. persons, that they will manage to restore peace to the country." " I tist. If the people of this country hold that opinion, we make war consent to this," replied the earl. on them. If they will follow us, they shall have their share of the The two knights received their instructions from the earl and his absolutions; for Urban, who is our pope, and for whom we march, council, in regard to the parley with the bishop of Norwich, as well absolves firom all crimes those who shall aid in the destruction of the as respecting their mission, and what they were to say to the king Clementists." of England and his uncles. While these knights were preparing to When the two knights heard this speech, sir John Villain said1 set out for Gravelines to the bishop of Norwich, all the country rose "Sir, with respect to what concerns the pope, I believe you have in the environs of Bourbourg, Bergues, Cassel, Poperingue, Furnes, never heard but that my lord of Flanders is a good Urbanist; you Nieuport, and other towns, and advancing to Dunkirk, entered that have therefore beeni badly advised if you make war on him or on his own, declaring that they would in a short time march out to guard country: and I do not believe that the king of England has given lhe frontiers and fight the English. These Flemings had for leader you such extensive orders; for if such had been his intentions, he a knight called sir John Sporequin, who was governor or regent of is so noble and considerate, he would first have sent him a defiance." the territories of madame de Bar, which are situated on this frontier This answer enraged the bishop, who said, "Go and tell your earl and extend to the gates of Ypres. Sir John Sporequin was ignorant he shall not have any other answer. And if he wishes to send you of the earl's intentions of sending to England: the haze de Flanders or any others to England, to learn more particularly the king's inten., had come to him with thirty lances, and said that the earl was at tions, let him look to it; for those he sends must take another road Lille; but that he knew nothing more; and that he was about to than this, and they shall not cross at Calais." When the knights marry his sister there with the lord Delbauurin. These two knights found they could not have any other answer, they took their leave took great pains to stir up the country, and to collect all men of and departed. They returned to their lodgings to dinner; and then, courage: they amounted at last to twelve thousand men, armed mounting their horses, went that day to St. Omer. with pikes, staves, coats of mail, jackets,* iron caps and helmets, and all of them were, for the greater part, as I was informed, vassals of madame de Bar, residing between Gravelines and Dunkirk. CHAPTER CXXXI Three leagues off, and near the road, is Mardyke, a large village quite open on the sea-shore, whither the English advanced; and at TH.E BISHOP OF NORWICH MARCHES TOWARD DUNKIRK. HE DEFEATS times there were skirmishes. Sir John Villain and sir John du TWELVE THOUSAND FLEMINGS AND TAKES THE TOWN. Moulin arrived at' Gravelines with a passport, for which they had THE same day that the knights of Flanders had departed, news waited at Bourbourg, where one of their heralds brought it. On was brought to the bishop and the English, that there were at Dun. their arrival at Gravelines, and soon after they had dismounted, kirk and in its neighborhood, upward of twelve thousand men armed, they waited on the bishop of Norwich, who outwardly gave them a and that the bastard of Flanders commanded them, but that there handsome reception and good entertainment. He had that day at were other knights and squires who also advised them. That they dinner all the barons of his army; for he well knew that the knights had skirmished with their men at Mardyke, and had repulsed and of the earl of Flanders were coming, and therefore wished they killed one hundred. The bishop said, "Now observe the conduct might meet with them altogether. The knights opened their busi- of the earl of Flanders: he affects to do nothing, and yet he is at the ness, and said to the bishop, "Sir, we are sent hither by my lord of bottom of all: he wants to negotiate sword in hand. I am resolved Flanders." "What lord?" said the bishop. " The earl of Fian- to march to-morrow toward Dunkirk, and see what sort of men these ders, sir: Flanders has no other lord." "By my God," replied the are." This proposal met universal approbation, and notice was sent bishop, "we consider it as belonging to the king of France or to the of it through Gravelines. This day two knights joined the army, duke of Burgundy, our enemies, for by force of arms have they just one from Calais, the other from Guines, with about thirty lances and conquered it." "Under respect to your grace," answered the sixty archers. These knights were called sir Nicholas Cliton* and knights, " the territory was loyally remitted at Tournay into the sir John Dracton,t governor of Guines.:hands and government of mylord the earl of Flanders, who has sent On the ensuing morning, every one was ready for the march.:us hither to entreat of you to grant us, who are attached by faith They took the field, amounting in number to more than six hundred and pension to the king of England yourlord, passports to go to Eng- lances and fifteen hundred archers. They advanced toward Mar "land, to the king, to know his reasons for making war on my lord dyke and Dunkirk; and the bishop of Norwich had the arms of the -the earl of Flanders and his country, without sending him any defi- church borne before him, the banner of St. Peter, gules with two:ane'." The bishop replied he would consider of it, and they should keys en sautoir, as being gonfalonnier of pope Urban. His pennon:have his answer to-morrow morning. They could not obtain more had his own arms, which were argent quartered with azure, with a:at this mm oment, and retired to their houses, leaving the English in fret or, on a field azure, and a baton gules on a field argent; and, be:. council, who resolved as I shall tell you. cause he was a younger brother of the Dispensers, his arms were ITaving fully weighed every circumstance, and the enterprise they charged with a bordure gules. Sir Hugh Dispenser) his nephew, had undertaken, they resolved not to grant passports to the:two was there with his pennon, and the lord de Beaumont, sir Thomas 7knights to go' to England, for the journey was long, and while they Trivet, sir William Helmon and sir Hugh Calverley, had both banner were going and returning, the whole country would: be secured and and pennon. Sir William Drayton, sir John Drayton, his brother, I * Iocqueto~zs;" a quilted garment generally worn beneath steel ammori but occa- I,'Jsnallv used as the sole mimor of:light troops. —Ea. * "Cliton." Q. if not Clinton. t "Dracton." Q. if not Drayton. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 329 air Matthew Redman, sir John Ferrers, sir William Frenenton,* and sir John' de Neufchastel, Gascon, had only pennons. These men- C H APT ER CXXXV. at-arms came to Mardyke, where they refreshed themselves, and,'THE ENGLISHT, UNDER THE COMMAND OF THE BISHOP OF NORWICH, 1tAV. having drank a cup, continued their march toward Dunkirk. The E NGLS, DR THE COMMND OF THE BISHOP OF NOICH, ING CONQUERED ALL THE COAST FROM GRAVELINES TO SLUYS, LAY Flemings, who were in the town, heard that the English were SIEGE TO YPRES. marching in order of battle to combat them. Upon this, they resolved to ta.!lthe field, and draw up in battle-array to defend them- AFTER the defeat near' Dunkirk and the conquest of that town selves if there should be any occasion, for it would not be for their the English were swollen with pride, and thought all Flanders was advantage to shut themselves up in the town. They instantly exe- their own. To say the truth, had they marched directly to Bruges, cuted this resolution, and all who were in Dunkirk armed and many who were well acquainted with the state of that town, say it marched into the fields, where they drew up in good array on a hill, would have surrendered to them: but they acted otherwise; for they and mustered upward of twelve thousand men. had determined to march to Bourbourg, to take that town, and then The English were now advanced near to Dunkirk, when, on look- to advance to Aire and Cassel, conquering the whole country so as ing toward the rising grounds on the right, in the direction of Bour- to leave no enemy in their rear, and then to lay siege to Ypres. bourg, and near the sea-shore, they saw the Flemings formed in a They imagined the town of Ypres would surrender on seeing that large and well-arranged battalion. On this they halted, for they the country was conquered. They left Dunkirk, after having done thought, from the manner in which the Flemings had drawn them- their pleasure with it, and marched for Bourbourg: the inhabitants selves up, that they had an intention of fighting. The principal of which place, being much alarmed, no sooner saw them coming captains assembled to consider how they should now act, and many than they instantly surrendered, on having their`,,es and fortunes words passed, for some, and especially the bishop, wished to march spared. The English entered the place with great joy; for they instantly to the combat; but others, such as the lord de Beaumont said they would there establish a handsome garrison, to make war and sir Hugh Calverley, were of a contrary opinion, and assigned as on St. Omer and the adjacent frontiers.' their reason, that the Flemings had never done them any wrong; After this, they gained the castle of Dixmude: but it was three and that, in truth, they had never sent any declaration of war to the days before they took it by storm, and the garrison of two hundred earl of Flanders, though they had entered his country. "We do not men were slain. The English repaired it, and declared they would make war in a gallant manner, but like a mob, that whoever can, keep it to the utmost of their power, garrisoning it again with firesh may pillage. The whole country where we are is'Urbanist, and fol- men-at-arms. They continued their march to Cassel, which they lows the same opinion as ourselves: now, consider what just cause took, where they made a great booty, and peopled it again with have we for attacking them." The bishop answered, "How do we their own men. They still continued their march, saying that they know whether they are Urbanists or not?" "In God's name," said would have a look at Aire; but many, well acquainted with its sit. sir Hugh Calverley, " let us send a herald to them to know why they uation, knew it was not easy to be taken, and would cost too much: are thus drawn up in battle-array, and what they want; and let however, the bishop of Norwich said, he would have a near view them be asked which pope they obey. If they answer pope Urban, of it. you will require of them, by virtue of the bull we have with us, that At this time, the governor of Aire was a gallant knight from they accompany us to St. Omer, Aire, Arras, or whithersoever we Picardy, called sir Robert de Bethune, viscount de Meaux: there may wish to lead them. When they shall have had these questions were also with him sir John de Roye, the lord de Clary, sir John do put to them, we shall know their intentions, and may then call a Bethune his brother, the lord de Montigny, sir Perducas de Pont council." This proposal was adopted, and a herald called, whose Saint, sir John de Chaugny and sir Florens his son, with several name was Montfort, and attached to the duke of Brittany. He was more; so that there were about six score lances of good men-at. ordered by these lords to ride to the Flemings, and told what he was arms, knights and squires. When the bishop of Norwich, sir Hugh to say, and how to act when among them. He obeyed their com- Calverley, sir Henry de Beaumont, sir Thomas Trivet, sir William mands, and, clothed in his proper coat of arms, without suspecting Helmon, sir Matthew Redman and the rest were advanced to a any accident, made for the Flemings, who were drawn up in hand- place near Aire, called the New Ditch, they formed themselves in some order of battle. He wished to address himself to some knights; battle-array, and thus marched on in close order with banners knd but he could not, for as soon as the Flemrnings saw him, without ever pennons fluttering in the wind; for they knew not what intentions asking what was his business, or making any inquiries, they sur- the viscount and his companions might have. rounded him and slew him, like ignorant people, nor could those Ben- The viscount with his knights and squires were handsomely drawn t1emen who were there save him. The English, on seeing this action, up on the causeway before the barriers of Aire, and plainly saw the for they kept their eyes on them, were mad: as were also the citizens English march beside them, on the road to St. Venant; but as they of Ghent who accompanied them, and were eager to urge them on; were not in numbers sufficient to bar that passage, they remained hoping that, by these means, new troubles would fall on Flanders. quiet at their post to defend themselves if attacked. The English The English said, " This mob has murdered our herald: they marched by, and took up their quarters two leagues from St. Venant; shall pay dearly for it, or we will all die on the spot." The archers the governor of that place was a knight of Picardy called sir Wil. were ordered to advance on the Flemings. A citizen of Bruges or liam de Melle, who had~fortified the church of tile town to serve as Ghent was made a knight, and shortly the battle began briskly; for, a place of retreat should iit:be necessary: he found it so, for the to say the truth, the Flemings defended themselves very well, but town was only inclosed bysmall palisadoes and ditches. The at. the archers wounded or beat down many, when the men-at-arms tack did not last long before the English entered it, when the French broke through them, and with their pointed spears killed multitudes retreated, some to the castle, others to the church. Those in the on their first charge. In short, the English won the day, and the castle were not attacked; for it was marvellously strong, and could Flemings were defeated. They thought to keep together in a body not be approached for the deep and wide ditches which surrounded and enter Dunkirk; but the English followed them closely and kept it: but the church was instantly assaulted by the English on their up the engagement so warmly that they entered the town with them. entrance into the town, for they had heard that the men-at-arms had Numbers were slain in the streets or on the shore, though they there retreated thither. Sir William de Melle was a good and gallant gained some advantage, for the English lost four hundred at least. knight, and would have defended the church of St. Venant valiantly; As the English pursued, the Flemings retired: manydetached par- but the English archers had surrounded it, and shot so rapidly and ties fought, in which several knights arin squires from Flanders with such good aim that scarcely any dared show themselves in were slain; scarcely any escaped death or captivity. Thus did this its defence. Those who were on the battlements were provided affair end: there were full nine thousand Flemings killed at this with stones, pieces of wood and artillery, which they used with such battle of Dunkirk. success as to wound many; but the attack was continued with so The day the battle had taken place, sir John Villain and sir John great earnestness by the English, that the church was taken by du Moulin had returned to ~te earl of Flanders at Lille, and had storm and sir William in it, who had fought valiantly. The others repeated to the earl all they had seen and heard from the English. did the same; and had:they entertained any hopes of being sup. The earl was very melancholy on the subject, not knowing how to ported, they would have held out longer, which was the cause that act: he was still more so, and with greater reason, when he heard they were thus easily taken. Sir William de Melle was made a the news of the slaughter and defeat of his men at Dunkirk. He prisoner: he agreed for his ransom, and returned to France with the bore it with tolerable patience, and comforted himself as well as he consent of his captor, to whom he had given his worl according to could, by saying, " Well, if we have lost at this time, at another, the manner in which all French and English gentlemen behave to please God, we shall win." He instantly dispatched a messenger to one another in similar cases; but not so the Germans, who, when. the duke of Burgundy, who was with the king of France, with pri- ever they take a prisoner throw him into durance vile, loaded with vate letters, to give him information of this event, and for him to Iirons, in order to gain a more considerable ransom. consider- of it; for he concluded that since the English had thus en- The bishop of Norwich and his army, on their departure from pt. tered Flanders and killed his subjects, they would not rest there, but Venant, quartered themselves in the forest of Niepe, which was not would advance furthser into the country and do more mischief. The far distant, and near to Bailleul. They entered the castlewick of duke of Burgundy, on receiving this intelligence, sent knights and Poperingue,and took all the inclosed towns, wherein they found squires to garrison St. Omer, Airs, St. Venant, Bailleul, Bergues, much money and great booty, which'they sent to Bergues or BourCassel, and all the strong places on the firontiers of Flanders, and to bourg. When they had thus laid the whole country under their sub. guard the entrance of Artols. jection, so that none came to oppose them, and when they were We will return to the English, and say how they prospered. masters of the coast from Gravelines to Sluys, having possessed * "'Frenenton.t" Q. Farringdon. or Fnrmpton. themselves of Dunkirk, Nieuport Furnes and Blanquenbergue, thep 330 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. advanced to lay siege to Ypres. There the bishop, sir Hugh Cal- reinforcements from England; bu, they did not think much was to verley and the English halted, and then sent messengers to Ghent. be dreaded at the commencement, e. ier from the earl or the power I have good reason to suppose that Francis Atremen went to them, of France, for several great English barons were prepared and readfy and was at all their battles and conquests, and had served as con- to cross the sea at Calais, to assist their countrymen from the envi. ductor of the English from town to town, and fiom village to village. rons of Dover, Sandwich, and Lewes, had they been so required; they amounted to a thousand lances, and two thousand archers in the parts above mentioned. Sir William Beauchamp and sir WV'li-am C HA P 1T E: R C X XXVI. Windsor, marshals of England, were appointed by the king and council to command these men-at-arms, by which the duke of Lan THE MIEN OF GHENT ASSIST THE ENGLISH IN THEIR SIEGE OF YPRES. THE caster lost this opportunity of making his expedition to Portugal LORD DE ST. LEGER GOING TO REINFORCE THE GARRISON OF COURTRAYcaster lost this opportunity of making his expedition to Portugal LOR DER ST. LEGER GOING TO REINFORCE, THE GARRISON OF CURTRAY, All England, as I have before said, were more inclined to serve in BY ORDERS OF THE KING OF FRANCE, IS DEFEATED BY A PARTY OF the army of the bishop of Norwich than in that of the duke of Lan ENGLISH NEAR COMMINES. caster. WHEN Peter du Bois, Peter le Nuitre, and the captains in Ghent The earl of Flanders was informed of all these events which were heard that the English demanded their assistance, and were lying be- passing in England, as well as of what was going forward before fore Ypres, they were much pleased, and prepared themselves to Ypres. He therefore resohved to provide, as much as was in his march thither as speedily as possible. They set out fiom Ghent on power, a remedy for them; for he supposed the duke of Burgundy the Saturday morning after'the octave of St. Peter and St. Paul, to would excite the barons of France to exert themselves to drive the the amount of near twenty thousand, with a very considerable train English out of Flanders, and from the countries which they had re. of carts, and in good array. They marched by Courtray, and came cently conquered. But as he knew that France was very extensive, before Ypres. The English were rejoiced at their coming, and made that several barons bound to serve the king were at a great distance, great cheer for them, saying they would take Ypres, and then con- and that many things, might happen before they could arrive, he requer Bruges, Damme and Sluys, making no doubt that, before Sep- solved to send sir Arnoul de Soerge, bishop of Liege, who was a tember, they would have conquered all Flanders. Thus did they stanch Urbanist, to request he would come to Ypres and negotiate boast of their good fortune. with the English to decamp and march elsewhere; for he had been The governor of Ypres at that time was the lord de Saint Pi, a much astonished at their proceedings, since it was well known to the very prudent and valiant knight, who had thrown himself into the world that both himself and country were good Urbanists. place, where everything was done according to his plans and orders. The earl managed so well that the bishop of Liege came to Hain The men-at-arms who had accompanied this knight thither by order ault, and from thence to Valenciennes, Douay and Lille, where he of the duke of Burgundy and earl of Flanders, were sir John Bou- had a conference with the earl, who informed him of what he wished graigne, castellan of Ypres, sir Baldwin de Delbedene his son, the him to do. After this, the bishop left Liege and came to the camp lord Disseghien, the lord de Stades, sir John Blanchart, sir John de before Ypres, where the English and Ghent men received him very Merfelede, sir Hamel, sir Nicholas Belle, lord de Harlequebecque, politely, and attentively listened to all he had to say. I was told at the lord de Rolleghen, sir John Ahoutre, John de Saint Pi, nephew the time, that the earl of Flanders, through the means of the bishop to the governor, Frangois Belle, sir George Belle, and many more. of Liege, offered to the bishop of Norwich and the English, if they They had great difficulty to withstand the English, who attacked would break up their siege, and carry their war against the countries them openly and covertly. They were likewise under alarm lest of the Clementists, to send them five hundred lances to serve under there should be some understanding between the townsmen and their orders for three months, and at his own expense. those from Ghent; and lest the place should, by treason, fall into. The bishop of Norwich replied, he would attentively consider and their hands. discuss this proposal. Many words passed; for the Ghent men adA gallant knight of Hainault, called sir John de Jumont, was at vised him not to put any trust in what the earl had said, for there this time in Courtray as its governor, having accepted it at the earnest was no dependence on his promises, and told him that if he could hr entreaties of the duke of Burgundy and earl of Flanders. At that would deceive him. Having therefore maturely considered every. time no knight of Flanders dared to undertake it, so dangerous thing, he gave notice to the bishop of Liege, that he might return did the defence of it appear; for when the king of France had when he pleased, for he would not pay any attention to his offers; aarchea away it was dismantled and burnt, on which account very and, as for the siege, he would never depart thence until he had re. tew resided there, and it was so much destroyed, that they could duced the town of Ypres to his obedience. The bishop, finding he sarcely find a place to put their horses in. Sir John de Jumont un- could obtain nothing more, took his leave and returned to Lille, and dertook the grand enterprise of defending it. He speedily repaired gave the earl of Flanders the answer he had received. When the it, and behaved so gallantly, through God's mercy and grace, that earl saw that he could not obtain any terms, he was more pensive there was not any damage done it; on the contrary, much honor than before; for he clearly perceived, that unless the force of France accrued to him. raised the siege, he should lose his good town of Ypres. He there. The duke of Burgundy, who carefully attended to the affairs of fore wrote other letters, giving a detail of what answers he had re. Flanders, as they so ne.rly concerned him, sent from France sixty ceived, and what was going forward, which he sent by one of his Breton lances to Coat ran', to reinforce and encourage sir John de own knights to his son and daughter of Burgundy, who resided at Jumont. These men-at-arms marched to Lille, under command of Compiegne. The bishop of Liege left the earl, and returned through the duke; from thence they set out on a Friday morning to Com- Douay and Valenciennes to his own country. mines, where they arrived, under the command of the lord de St. Leger and Yvonnet de Cantemat. By the break of day, full two hundred lances had come to the town of Commines, to collect forage C H A P T E R C X X X V III. from the flat countries, and carry it to the army before Ypres. These Bretons had not any expectation of their coming, and fell into their OF RAISING THRANCE ISSUE S OF YRAND SUOE OF THE EARL OF FLAIN' hands. There was a sharp engagement at the foot of the bridge of Commines, where the Bretons defended themselves marvelously well, and if they had been supported by as many again as themselves, they rue duke of Burgundy, being convinced that things would end would have escaped without loss. As it was, they were constrained badly if the king of France with an army did not provide a remedy, to fly, for they were too few to oppose such numbers. The greater exerted himself for a parliament to be holden at Compiegne of all part were slain or taken as they were escaping toward Lille. The the great barons and princes of the realm of France. To this parlord de St. Leger was desperately wounded, and left for dead on the liament all who were summoned came, and the duke of Brittany field. Fortunate were those who escaped from this engagement: and personally attended. It was there discussed, whether or not the king the pursuit of the English aft, aie Bretons, lasted to within half a of France, with his uncles the dukes of Berry, Burgundy and Bour. league of the town of Lille. T~ie iord de St. Leger, although mor- bon, should march to Flanders with a greater force than he had comtally wounded, was carried to that town with great difficulty, where manded at Rosebecque, to raise the siege of Ypres, and offer combat he died five days afterwards. Five of his squires died' also, and thus to the English and Flemings, if they should think proper to wait for ended this adventure. him. It was resolved in the affirmative; and the king of France issued his summons throughout the kingdom of France for every man to be at Arras, or in that neighborhood, by the 15th day of August, C H A P T E R C XX X V I I. provided with all things suitable to his rank. The king wrote also TEE ]BISHOP OF LIEGE, NOT BEING ABLE TO BRING ABOUT A PEACE BE- to those at a distance, such as the counts d'Armagnac and Savoy, and to duke Frederick of Bavaria. This duke was in upper GerIT;E. I~usro O CI DEERorL naS ERS many, and the son of one of the brothers of the reigning duke: he was very desirous of visiting the court of France and bearing arms TaE' slege of Ypres continued with great activity on the part of for it, as he was fond of every sort of honor; and they had told him, the English and Flemings, who made many assaults, which much which he believed as fact, that all honors in the world were to be frightened those in the town. The earl of Flanders was not very had in France. Duke Frederick, being at such a distance, was the well assured but that Ypres must fall; for the English are very subtle, first sent for: he made his preparations on receiving the summons, and they could receive great reinforcenients from England, by way and said he would come through Hainault, to visit his uncle and his of Calais, without his knowledge, or opposition, having garrisons in cousins, the count de Blois and others. a11 the towns on the road. They might, if they had chosen, have had During the time these warlike preparations were making, the seeg CHRPONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 331 of Ypres continued with great vigor. There were many attacks and The constable of France, with many barons who formed the van skirmishes, in which several were killed or wounded: but the gov- of the army, had already arrived, and were quartered in Artois. The ernor, sir John de Saint Pi, made so good a defence, that no essential duke of Brittany came with two thousand lances, as he was anxious damage was done. During this siege, the earl of Flanders was in- to assist his cousin the earl of Flanders on this occasion. Indeed he formed that the church of Emenin was strong, and fortified; for, was much bounden so to do, for he had found him, in former times, should the English come thither, they would easily take it, as it had eager to befriend him in his distress. All the lords, both from far no garrison, and they would from [ience much harrass the country. and near, were on their march and at hand. The count of Savoy The earl resolved to take possession of it;* and, sending for sir John and the count of Geneva, came with seven hundred honest Savoy. du Moulin, hlie said to him, "Sir John, collect a body of men from ards. Duke Frederick of Bavaria was hastening with a strong body this town, and with cross-bows go to Emenin, and gain the church, of men-at-arms, and had arrived at Hainault. He resided at Ques. lest the English fortify it; for, if they win it, they will harass all noy with his uncle duke Albert, his aunt, the duchess Margaret, and the surrounding country." Sir John replied, he would willingly do with his cousins. so, and immediately made preparations for the excursion. On the The dukes of Lorraine and Bar a;rived with a large body in Armorrow morning, he mounted his horse, accompanied by a young tois. Sir William de Namur, not having attended the former war, knight, a bastard son of the earl of Flanders, called sir John Sans- as the earl had excused him, came with two hundred good lances to terre, and about sixty lances, with the same number of archers. On serve the king of France and duke of Burgundy. He had passed their leaving Lille, they took the road to Emenin, but found only a through Hainault, and fixed his quarters in the country round Tourfew men-at-arms there, who, in their own free will, were guarding nay. It was wonderful to see what bodies of men different lords the church. brought to serve the king of France. The count Guy de Blois lay This same day, about two hundred English and Gascon lances ill at Landrecy* during the whole time these warlike preparaiions made also an excursion, and learning from the foragers that there were making, and neither himself nor his people knew if he would were some men-at-arms and cross-bows at Emenin, they stuck spurs be able to bear the fatigues of this campaign with the king. He was into their horses, and never halted until they arrived at the town, carried in a litter to Beaumont in Hainault, and was somewhat better, when, dismounting in the square before the church, they grasped for that air was more agreeable to him than that of Landrecy. Nottheir spears and shouted their cries. Sir John du Moulin and thi withstanding he was very unwell and feeble, he made ample prepabastard of Flanders, seeing from this body of men that a combat was rations, as did his dependents in the country of Blois, such as the unavoidable, formed in battle array in the square, and ordered their lord de MIontigny, the lord de Vrctin, sir Vilhennes de St. Martin, cross-bows to shoot: they at first wounded several of the English, sir Waleran de Doustienne governor of Remorentin, and otherknights who soon broke through them; but for a small body they made a and squires who came to serve under the young king of France good fight, though many were struck down, wounded, and killed. News was brought to the bishop of Norwich, sir Hugh Calveriey The English were so superior in numbers, that the Flemings were and the English besieging Ypres, that the king of France was hastendefeated, and the two knights made prisoners, who behaved gallantly ing by forced marches, with an army of upward of twenty thousand in defending themselves. Of the remainder, many were taken; and men-at-arms, knights and squires, and sixty thousand other men. very few returned to Lille, being mostly slain or captured. Thus This intelligence was repeated from so many quarters, that atlast it ended this expedition to Emenin, which greatly vexed the earl of was thought to be true, for at first they would not believe it. They Flanders, but at that time he could not help it. The Gascons and heard for certain that it was so, and that if they remained where they English carried their prisoners with them, and made much of them; were, they would have to fight with them. They also learnt that but it was not Iong before they ransomed themselves. the aukd of Brittany was with the king of France, and coming against them, which astonished them much. They called a council on this information, to consider what line of conduct to pursue. ~~~CHAPTER CXXXIX. ~ Having weighed every circumstance, and not finding themselves in sufficient strength to wait for the whole force of the king, they judged aE EN( mISH AND GOTIENT ATEN ^I ARE A SHARP ATTACIK ON YFRES; BUT, it to be more prudent for Peter du Bois, Peter le Nuitre and the Ghent LEARNINC THAT THE ItING OF FRANCE HAD MARCHED AN ARMY INTO men to return to their town, and the English to retreat toward BerARTOIs, THEY INTSTANTLY BREAK UF Til SIECIS. gues and Bourbourg, which they were togarrison: and if any force IT always happens, that in war there are gains and losses: very should come from England, or if king Richard or his uncles should should come from England, or if king Richard or his uncles should etraordiarys happens that cincs war thos ae ganow well wholosssvr the -extraordinary are the chances, as those know well who follow the cross the sea, they would send them advice of it. This resolution profession. The siege of Ypres was pushed on with unwearied was adopted, and they broke up their camp. The Ghent men set force; and it was fully the intention of the bishop of Norwich, the out on their return home, where they arrived. The English retired English, and Peter du Bois, to conquer Ypres by storm or otherwise, to Bergues and Bourbourg, and entered the forts which they had as the vigor of their attacks showed. Among the many assaults, conquered. there was one much severer than the rest; for it lasted from morning Th day that the English began their retreat Thomas lord Percy, until almost night. Many valiant actioris were done by several on son to the earl of Northumberland, arrived. He came from Prussia, both sides, and the English and Flemings made vast exertions to con- and hearig on his road that the kings of France and England were quer it. The besieged created that day four knights; John de St. to engage in the plains of Flanders or Artois, each at the head of Pi, nephew to the governor, Fneois Bellae, Geourge Bele, and Johnd S his army, the knight was so much rejoiced, and had so great a desire Peii, weho showe themsle govror, kanightntis Bel.ierge displeay Jon Belle, vho showed themselves good knights in this first display of to be present at the battle, thdt the journey, which at a moderate rate their knighthood. An English squire, called Lewis Lin, was killedt of travelling would have taken fort days, he performed in fourteen, at tis attcr hich was very sharp: and numbers were wounded leaving his equipage and servants behind, and frequently changing atohi etachid, whic was vryasharp anosd numerswelves.uned on each side, who too rashly exposed themselves. horses., He afterwards learnt that his baggage had arrived in less The Enohrlish archers, posted on the ditches of the town, shot s than twenty days in the town of Ghent. Such good will and gallantry expertly and rapidly that scarcely any dared to appear on the battle. deserve much praise. ments to defend the place. There were collected that day in Ypres two toust of artillery, especially arrows, which were shot into the town, so that none ventured to pass through those streets near the C H A P T E R C X L. walls where the attack was made, for fear of being killed, if not well DU o B RA A ES AT TH A o TH N F armed and shielded.~ ~ ~~ DUKE FREDERICK OF BAVARIA ARRIVES AT THE ARMY OF THE K IING OF armed and shielded. This attack lasted until night, when the EngThis ttck lasted until night, when the g FRANCE. COUNT GUY DE BLOIS, NOTWITHSTANDING HIS ILL HEALTH, lish and Flemings, who had fought the whole day in two batalions, COMES TO ARAS TTENDED BY HIS ENATRS. In ~~~~~~~~~~~~COMErs To XARAS ATTE.NDED BY mIS ME.N-AT-ARMS. returned to the camp quite tired, as were likewise those in the town. Tue English and Flemings, finding they could not take the tow INTELLIGENCE was brought to the kind of France, in the city of Tile English and Fteming's, finding- they could not take the town ArrT~La.C as, andgh to th e ligofrance winthe cityhot by storm, and having expended much of their artillery, resolved to As and to the lords with him, that the English and Ghent men have quantities of faggots made and collected, with which and earth had raised the siege and decamped from before Ypres. The king they could fill up the ditches, so that they might advance to fight was eager to hurry matters and pursue them, so that they should not hand to hand with the garrison, undermine the walls, and, by throw- escape. He set out from Arras, and came to Mont St. Eloy, a very ing them down, win the place. Workmen were instantly employed handsome abbey, where he remained four days waiting for the arri to procure and cut down as much wood as possible in the neighbor- val of the duke of Berry. The army was continually increased by hood of Ypres, which was to be placed withinside of the ditches, and those who came to it from all parts, and it was known, through the covered with earth: but this was not so soon done, nor could they constable, the marshals and sir Guiscard count dauphin, master of accomplish their intentions; for the king of France, having a great the cross-bows, that the king had with him upward of one hundred desire to raise the siege and fight with the English at all events, thousand men. hastened his preparations, set out from Compiegne, and marched to The king departed from Mont St. Eloy, following the road to St. Arras. Omer, and came to Aire, of which place the viscount de Meaux was governur. He tarried there two days, the army still increasing. The M Mr. Johnes seems to have misunderstood the text. The earl determirned to dcsea- constable with the van were advanced, and quartered in the town of parea' (to demolish) time church, not to keep possession of it; and the original subhe- Cassel. The king went to St. Omer, where he stopped for the arquently states that, "the two ktnights (when they arrived at the church or minster as Froissbrt terms it) began to pull down, and demolish the minster.' This passage is mival of his people, who were corning to him from every quarter emitte dby Mr. Jotmes. When duke Frederick of Bavaria arrived at the army, the great nc trsict di canoe;'' hy a minion hail, according to D. Sacrage. —ED. barons of France, ia order to do him honor, went out to nmeet him,'La v,.leur de deux tonneaux pieiis d'artillerie;" as much as two tuns full, not two aos., weight, of artillery. —Eu. ",Landrec~ Latrong town ia Hainault, diocese of Courtrair. 332 ~ CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, tFRANCE, SPAIN, &c. as he had come fi qm such a d&stant country to serve the king, who and sir William Helmon,* that they had strength enough, and mornt entertained him handsomely, and was thankful for his arrival. HIe th.an they wished, to combat the king of France and the army he caused him to be quartered as near to himself as possibl', during the could bring against them. But sir Hugh Calverley, who had seen whole expedition, as was but just. more service than any of the others, had always held a different lanIn the army were full three hundred thousand horses: and it was guage, and said during the siege of Ypres, when he heard of the offer wonderful where provisions could come from, or be found to supply from the barons in England; "Gentlemen, you seem to have great such an army. At times, indeed, there was a scarcity; at others, confidence in your strength: why should we refuse the assistance of they had abundance. The count Guy de Blois, who resided at Beau-. our countrymen, when they offer to come to us and the country con. mont in Hainault, notwithstanding he was not yet recovered from the sents to it? A day may come, perhaps, when we shall repent of our long illness he had been visited with during the summer, thought it refusal." Be t these words were not attended to, as they said they would not be for his honor to remain idle, when so many great and had men suffikient. Things, therefore, continued as they were, and' powerful princes and lords were in the field; besides, inquiries had in the end they lost more than they gained by it. been made after him, as hlie was one of the leaders of the rear-ward. Sir Hugh Calverley, on his arrival at Bergues, quartered himself It was therefore better for him to join them, trusting to the will of and his men in the different hotels and houses of the town: they God, than to remain behind under a supposition of dissembling. were in the whole, including archers, more than four thousand men. This gallant lord began his journey; but as he was unable to ride, Sir Hugh said, "I am determined to keep this town; it is of good he ordered his litter, and took leave of the lady his wife, and of his strength, and we are enough to defend it. I expect we shall have, in son Lewis. Several of his council, on account of the great heat and five or six days, reinforcements from England; for they will leai'n our closeness of the weather, looked on this journey as a wrong measure, situation, and also the force of our enemies." All replied," God assist while others who heard of it thought it a greatproof of his courage. us!" Upon this he made very prudent regulations: on dividilng his He was accompanied from Hainault by the lord de Sanzest, the lord men under pennons and into companies, to mount the walls and gard de Hauzelles, sir Gerard de Warrieres, sir Thomas de Distre, the lord the gates, he found he had numbers sufficient. He ordered all the de Doustrenent, John de Ghisnelle, who was created a knight.on the ladies and women, children and lower classes of inhabitants, to retire road, and several more. He passed through Cambray, and came to into a church, whence they were not to stir. Arras, and the longer he travelled the better Was his health. His The king of France was at the abbey of Ranombergues, and learnt vassals from Blois, hearing of his journey, went to meet him. On that the English had retreated to Bergues. A council was held on his arrival at Arras, his people collected together, to the amount of the occasion, when it was ordered that the van, with the constable mnore than four hundred lances, and always followed him. He had and marshals, should advance beyond the town and encamp on one his provisions from Hainault, and in this respect was most abundantly of its sides; and the king of France, with the dukes of Berry, Bursupplied. Let us return to the king of France. gundy and Bourbon, would follow with the main army; that the count de Blois and the count d'Eu, with the rear division, should lodge themselves on the other side of the town, and thus surround the EngCHAPTER CXLI. lish. This plan was executed; and the king set out from Ranom. bergues, attended by his whole army. It was a beautiful sight to THE VAN OF THE FRENCH ARMY TAKES CASSEL AND TRUGiHE. TILE ENrG- behold these banners, pennons and helmets glittering in the sun, and LISI ABANDON BEItRUES, AND RETIRE TO BOURnOURG, WHEREIN TIHE such numbers of men-at-arms that the eye could not compass them: KING OF FRANCE BESIEGES THEM. they seemed like a moving forest, so upright did they hold their THE kinllg of France continued his march to St. Omer, where he lances. Thus they marched in four divisions toward Bergues, to halted and refreshed himself. Thevan, with-the constable and mar- inclose the English in that town. shals, advanced to Cassel, which was in the hands of the English. About eight o'clock in the morning, an English herald entered the The town was attacked, taken by storm, and all in it put to the town, who, by the courtesy of the lords of France, had passed through sword. Those who could escape retreated to Bergues, where was sir their army: he waited on sir Hugh Calverley in his hotel, and spoke Hugh Calverley with full three thousand English. The bishop of so loudthat every one heard him. "Herald, whence dost thou come?" Norwich was not there, having retired to Gravelines, to be the sooner " My lord,"~'replied the herald, "I come from the French army, where at Calais should there be occasion. The English had burnt and pid- I have seen the finest men-at-arms. nr.: in such vast numbers, that laged all the country near to Cassel. The king of France, on his there is not at this day anothoer king who can show the like." "And arrival at St. Omer, was lodged at an abbey out of the town, on the these fine men-at-arms which thou art speaking of," said sir Hugh, road to Bergues, called Ranombe'gues, where he remained. He came "what number are they?" "By my faith, my lord, they are full there on a Friday, and on the following day the constable, the mar- twenty-six thousand men-at-arms: handsomer nor better armed were shals, with the lord de Coucy and a great number of good men.at- never seen." "Ha, ha!" replied sir Hugh, who was much provoked arms, took the field and came before the castle of Trughen, wherein at the latter part of his speech, "thou art a fine fellow to come and were about three hundred men-at-arms, who had formed a garrinson mock us with this pompous tale. I know well thou hast lied; for of this place the whole season. many a time have I seen the armies of France, but they never They made a vigorous attack on the castle, and exerted themrselves amounted to twenty-six thousand; no, not even to six thousand very much: indeed, they were forced to do so if they wished for con- men-at-arms."'luest, as the English within defended themselves so valiantly that it As he said this, the watch of the town, who was at his post, was marvellous to think of their prowess. However, by continued sounded his trumpet, for the van of the enemy was about passiun attacks, and gallant deeds of arms, the castle was taken, and all within near tihe walls. Sir Hugh then, addressing the knights and squires put to death, for the constable would not show mercy to any one. In present, said; "Come, come: let us go and see these twenty-six the lower court was found the most beautiful white horse that had thousand men-at-arms march by, for our watch blows his horn." been seen for years, which was presented to the constable, who in- They went on the walls of the place, and, leaning on them, observed stantly sent it to the king of France. The king willingly accepted the march of the van, which might have consisted of about fifteen the horse, and was so pleased with it that he rode it all Sunday. hundred lances, with the constable, the marshals, the master of the The count de Blois, at this period, arrived at the army with his cross-bows and the lord de Coucy. Next came the duke of Brit. company. He was appointed to the rear division, as he had been tany, the earl of Flanders and the count de St. Pol, who had under last year at the battle of Rosebecque, in company with the count their command about fifteen hundred lances more. Sir Hugh Cald'Eu, the count de Harcourt, the lord de Chatillon and the lord de verley, who thought he had seen the whole army, said, "Now see la Fere. Men-at-arms were constantly coming in from all parts. It if I did not say the truth: where are these twenty-six thousand was a fine dry summer, otherwise it would have been bad for the men? Why, if they be three thousand men-at-arms, they are ten horses near the sea-shore and impossible for them to have advanced thousand. Let us go to our dinner, for I do not yet see such a force into the country. All the English except the bishop, who, quite as should oblige us to surrender the town. This herald would thunderstruck, was gone to Gravelines, had retired into the town of frighten us well, if we were to believe him." Bergues, which was only inclosed by a palisade and ditches: he The herald was much ashanmed, but he said, "My lord, you have sorely repented having undertaken this expedition, for he saw that all as yet only seen the vanguard: the king and his uncles are behind he had done would now be turned with shame against him, and was with the main army, and there is besides a rear division, which con. still more sorry for the words he had uttered which had been repeated sists of more than two thousand lances. You will see the whole in through France. He had boasted during the time he was besieging four hours if you remain here.?' Sir Hugh paid not any attention Ypres, that he would there wait for the king of France and his army, to him, but returned to his house, saying he had seen everything, and offer them combat. *He now felt how suddenly he had been and seated himself at table. He had scarcely done so; than the forced to raise the siege and fly, for his army could not resist that of watch again blew his horn, and so loud as if he would burst it. tihe kinhg. Sir Hugh rose from the table, saying he would see what was the The English at Calais found great fault with him, saying he had cause of this, and mounted the battlements. At this moment, the. very ill employed the pole's money. In truth, the dulte of Lancaster, king of Framice marched by, attended by his uncles, the duke Fred. who had been prevented by this expedition of the bishop from carry- crick, the duke of Lorraine, the count of Savoy, the dauphin of ing his own into execution, did not wish it would turn out otherwise. Auvergne, the count de Ia Marche and their troops: in this battalion The principal barons of England were of the same sentiment; for were full sixteen thousand lances. Sir tlugh felt himself much dis.. when sir William Windsor, their marshal, sent to tell them, while appointed, and said to the herald, who was by his side, "I hae before Ypres, that if they wished for reinforcements, they should have been in the wrong to blame you: some, come: let us monnt our rcrv numerous ones, the bishop answered, as did sir Thomas Trivet'"Sir William Hslaen." Elniham, according to Carte CHRONICLE 3 3F ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 335 uorses and save ourselves, for it will do us no good to remain here. might happen; for the English were much afraid of the town being kno longer know the state of France: I have never seen such num- burnt, as the houses were only covered with thatch. bers collected togethtier by three-fourths as I now see and have seen In this situation were the English. I must now relate the gallant in the van: besides, the rear division is still to come." Upon this, action which Francis Atremen performed this same Friday in the sir Hugh Calverley left the walls and returned to his house. All the evening, when the king of France, after having taken Bergues, con horses being ready saddled and loaded, they mounted, and, having tinued his march. ordered the gates to be opened which lead to Boarbourg, they set off without any noise, carrying with them all their pillage. Had the French suspected this, they could easily have stopped them; but C H A P T E R CX L I I. they were ignorant of it for a long time, so that they were nearly FRN ATEEN UPRE OENADE IN THE NIGTTIE. In?n ~~~~~~~~~~~~FRkNrCIs ATREDIEN SURPRISES OUDENARDE IN THE N~IGHtT-TIME. arrived at Bourbourg before they heard of it. Sir Hugh Calverley halted in the placin to wait for his rear and FRANCIS Atremen, Peter du Bdis, Peter le Nuitre and the other baggage. He was very melancholy, and said to sir Thomas Trivet captains, after their return to Ghent from the siege of Ypres, were and others who had come to meet him; "By my faith,gentlemen, daily and nightly imagining how they could anroy ihetr enemies. we have this time made a most shameful expedition: never was so Francis Atremen found out, that the governor of' udenarde, sir pitiful or wretched a one made from England. You would have Gilbert de Lieneghen and the men-at-arms, had left Oudenarde, by your wills, and placed your conlfidence in this bishop of Norwich, orders firom the earl of Flanders, and were with the army of the king who wanted to fly before he had wings: now see the honorable end of France before Bergues and Bourbourg. He also learnt that the you have brought it to. There is Bourbourg! if you choose it, re- town was carelessly guarded, and that the ditches in the meadows tire thither; but for my part I shall march to Gravelines and Calais, on the road to Hamme were dry, as they had emptied them of water because I find we are not of sufficient strength to cope with the to get the fish, so that the walls of the town might be approached on king of France." The English knights, conscious they had been foot, and might be entered with ladders. Such was the intelligence to blame in several tiirngs, replied; "God help us! we shall return the spies of Francis Atremen had brought to Ghent, who, at their to Bourbourg and wait the event, such as God may please to ordain." leisure, had examined the town; for the guards held the Ghent men Sir Hugh on this left them; and they threw themselves into Bour- very cheap, and, as it were, had forgotten, or were quite indifferen, bourg. concerning them. The king of France heard that the English had marched from When Francis Atremen had heard all this from his spies, he wer. Bergoues and retreated to Bourbdurg, leaving Bergues quite empty; and related it to Peter du Bois, and said: "Peter, such is the situa the gates of which were opened to him, when the king entered tion of Oudenarde: I am resolved to risk the chance of taking it with all who wished it. The first who did so found enough to pil- with scaling ladders: there never can be so good an opportunity as lage, ifor the English had not been able to carry away everything. the present, for neither the governor nor the men-at-arms are in it, The women were saved and sent to St. Omer, but almost all the but with the king of' France near St. Omer, and they have not the men were put to death and the town set on fire. The king marched least fear or suspicions of any one." Peter du Bois instantly assented on to lodge at a village, on account of the greatness of the fire. to the proposal, and said: "Francis, if you succeed in this expedi. This happened on a Friday; and the lords encamped themselves tion, no man will ever have behaved better, and every one will praise separately in the fields as well as they could. It was fortunate for you for so gallant an action." "I do not know," replied he, "how them that it was dry weather, for it could not be a finer season; had it may turn out, but my courage does not fail me, and my heart'tells it been cold and rainy,'they could not have foraged. Indeed it was me that this night I shall gain Oudenarde." wonderful where they found forage for such numbers of horses, as Francis Atrernen then chose four hundred men in whom he had well as provision for so large an army. But on the day on which the greatest confidence, and, toward night-fall, set out on his road hey came before' Bourbourg great quantities of stores arrived, of to Oudenarde. It was in the month of September, when the nights which the lords of France were duly informed. They resolved to are tolerably long, and such beautiful weather that it was a pleasure surround the town and httack it. The Bretons were, from avarice, to be out in it. About midnight they arrived in the meads of Oudeeager to take it, on account of the great booty they expected to find narde, having ladders with them. As they were traversing the there, marshes, there was a poor woman gathering grass for her cows, who, On the Saturday morning it was clear weather, and the army hiding herself, heaid their conversation, and knew from it that they made itself ready to march to bourbourg. The vanguard, the duke were Ghent men going to surprise the town, for she saw them carryof Brittany, the earl of Flanders, the count de St. Pol, the constable ing ladders. She was at first much frightened, but recovering cour. of France, with about three thousand lances, marched on the out- age, said to herself, that she would hasten to the town and inform side of the walls, and halted opposite to the king's division, which the guard of what she had heard and seen. She made for the town consisted of the finest men-at-arms that could be seen or imagined. by a short path she was acquainted with, and arrived a the ditches They advanced to a large plain before Bourbourg, where the differ- before the Ghent men, when she began to moan and complain, so ent lords drew up their men; and it was for a long time their inten- that one of the night-guard going his rounds heard her, and asked tion to storm thie place. Banners and pennons were flying in the who she was; she said she was a poor woman who had come to tell wind, and each lord under his own banner. The lords of France them that a body of Ghent men were close at hand, and that she made a splendid show, and had not been sparing of any expense in had seen them carrying many ladders to surprise Oudenarde; but exhibiting appearances suitable to their rank. The lord de Coucy now she had given this information she must get away, for should and his state were particularly noticed, for he had led coursers they meet her she would be a dead woman. The poor woman de richly caparisoned, and ornamented with housings with the ancient parted, and the watch remained perfectly astonished. He determined anrms of Coucy mixed with those he now bore. He himself was mount- to keep quiet where he was, to see if this woman had told truth. ed on a beautiful horse, on which he rode from side to side in a most The Ghent men, without horn or trumpet, were silently advancing graceful manner, to the delight of those who saw him; all praised to begin their enterprise: they made not any noise except by talking. him for the agreeable manner with which he addressed every one. Francis Atremen sent forward four of his men, ordering them to The other great lords kept up a state suitable to their dignity. More reconnoitre without making the least noise by coughing or otherwise, than four hundred knights were this day created. The heralds mus- and report to him, should they observe anything. tered the knights who were before Bourbourg with the king, and They obeyed their orders, and Francis Atremen remained hid in they amounted to firom seven to nine thousand. In the army were the marshes with his men, very near this poor woman, who heard upward of twenty-five thousand men-at-arms and squires. and saw them distinctly; but they did not notice hem. The four men The English were at their posts in the town of Bourbourg, and advancing up to the ditches, neither saw nor heard anything. It was seting this immense force of the king of France before them, ex- very unlucky; for, if they had but seen a lighlted candle, they would pected an assault: they were pleased at the thought; but when they have thought there had been a good watch kept. They returned to found themselves shut up in a town which was only defended by Francis telling him they had not seen anything, nor heard the least palisadoes, they were not so well satisfied: however, like men of noise. "I believe the watch has gone his rounds," said Francis, courage, they had posted themselves in companies round the town. " and is now retired to bed: come, let us take this upper road which The lord Beaumonte (who is'an earl in England, and his name leads to the gates, and enter the ditches." The good woman heard Henry,) commanded one hundred men-at-arms and three hundred these words; and what did she do? Why, she instantly returned archers, to guard one part of the town: sir William Elmham, with by the same way as befoie, and came to the man who was listening as many men, guarded another part. Sir John de ChAteauneuf, on the walls and told him all she had heard, begging of him, for with the Gascons, had another quarter to defend as far as the tower, God's sake, to be on his guard, and go to the Ghent gate to see if his opposite to the quarters of the constable. The lord Ferrers, an companions were in a proper state, for very shortly the Ghent men Fsglishman, was with forty men-at-arms and as many archers at would be at their post. "I must now return," said the woman, "as another part, so that the whole place was well guarded with men-at. I dare not stay longer, but I have told you all I have seen and heard: alms and archers. Sir William Farrendon, sir Matthew Redman, pay proper attention to it, for I shall not again come to you this nigiht." and sir Nicholas Tracton,]t with two hundred men and as many On saying which, she departed. The man now remained alone, but archers, were posted in the square before the church. They had did not treat the information he had received with indifference. He appointed a body of men to watch and extinguish any fires that went to the gate leading to Ghent, where he found the guard playing - at dice. "Gentlemen," said he, "have you well fastened your gates a,, Lord Beaumont." Frolssart mistakes: he was a baron, ant[ his name wa John' orblresfr oa aet ethsngt n aem kis seem macme wzmm tlenr.~Sse Dogdaleour barriers? for a woman came to me thois night, and gave me Q. rall's Ifame nots Drayon, or Tresha. Der having seen a body of Ghent men marching hither, 334 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. "Yes," replied they: "our gates are fast enough: but may a scurvy When Girardon saw himself thus caught, he was stupefied, as in. night befal this woman, who has thus alarmed you at such an hour. deed he had reason; for Aymerigot would not give up his hand with. There probably were cows and calves that had got untied, and these out nailing it to the wall, unless he received the keys. With his she fivciad to have been Ghent men coming hither: they have not other hand, therefore, he gave the keys, for he had them near him. any such intentions." "Now, see," said Aymerigot to his companions, when he had got While this conversation was passing between the constable of the the keys, " if I have not well cheated the fool: I am equal to many watch and the guard at the gate, Francis Atremen and his compan- such feats as this." They opened the tower gate, and, being the ions were executing their plan: they had got into the ditches, which masters, put out of the castle the governor and all who were in it, were dry, as they had fished them this week, and had broken down without doing them any other harm. News was carried to the a little of the palisadoes near the wall, against which they had placed countess dauphine, who resided at a strong castle in the good town their ladders anu had entered the town. They marched to the mar- of Zaides, a league distant, how the English had won Marquel. The ket-place without any noise, and continued so until they were all lady was much surprised, and because her lord, the dauphin, was not collected, when they met a knight, caled sir Florens de Halle, lieu- in the country, she immediately sent to all of the knights and sqludres tenant-governor, who was there on guard with about thirty men-at- who were at home, to request they would assist her in recovering arms of the town. The Ghent men began to shout "Ghent, Ghent!" possession of her castle. Knights and squires, on hearing this, in. and to attack the guard, whom they slew, as well as sir Florens de stantly waited on the lady and laid siege to the castle; but the Eng. Halle. Thus was Oudenarde taken. You may suppose that the lish were not alarmed, and held the place for fifteen days. During inhabitants, who were sleeping in their beds, were exceedingly aston- this time the lady entered into a treaty, and Aymerigot received five ished when they heard these shouts and saw the town taken by thousand francs in hard money, for which he and his men surren. scalado without having any remedy for it. Their houses were forced dered it and returned to his garrison. open, and those within slain; for they were so suddenly surprised, In another part those of Caluisel, of which Perrot le Brenoas there was not any help for it. Those who could escape did, leaving was captain, harassed much the countries of Auvergne and Limou. their houses ir a state of nakedness, and leaping over the walls, saved sin. The English had at that time upward of sixty strong castles on themselves by the ponds and ditches of the town. None of the rich the borders of Auvergne, Limousin, and Quercr, and they could men could carry any part of tVeir wealth with them, but were happy march from fort to fort, even unto Bordeaux. But the castle which if they saved their lives. This night great numbers were killed, or harassed the country most was Ventadour,* one of the strongest cns. drowned in the ponds; and thus ended this expedition. ties in the world: the captain of it was a Breton, called Geofiiy Tkte. In the morning, when the Ghent men saw themselves masters of noir. This Geofifry was a wicked man, showed mercy to none, and the town, they sent out of it all the women and children in their would just as soon put to death a knight or squire as a peasant: he shifts, or in the meanest dress they had. In this plight those who held all men so cheap, and was so much feared by his soldiers, that had escaped got to Mons, Arras, CondO, Valenciennes, or Tournay, they dared not anger him. He maintained in this castle full four in the best manner they could. News was spread everywhere of the hundred men, whom he paid regularly every month; and the whole capture of Oudenarde. The inhabitants of Ghent were greatly re- country was under such subjection and awe of him, that none dared joiced at it, and said that Francis Atremen deserved to be highly to ride over his lands. His castle of Ventadour was more largely sup. prized for his valor. Francis Atremnen remained governor of Oude- plied with every sort of store than that of any lord. There were ware. narde, where he gained great riches, with all sorts of stores, which houses of Brussels and Normandy cloths, of furs, merceries, and other was a fortunate circumstance for the captors, such as corn and wines articles, which he sold to his people, deducting the prices from their of all eorts. E-verything fell into their hands, and all the wealth pay. He had stores of steel, iron, wax, spices, and every necessary, which was there from France, Flanders, and Tournay; but what- in as great plenty as at Paris. Sometimes he made war on the ever belonged to Hainault was saved, nor was any part of that taken English as well as on the French, in order to be the more dreaded: but what was duly paid for. and his castle of Ventadour was always well provided for a siege of seven years. We will now return to the affairs of Flanders. CHAPTER CXLIII. ATMEIIGOT IARCEL, AN ENGLISH CAPTAIN ON THE BORDERS OF AUVERGNE, C H A P T E R C X L I V. TFAKES BY STRATAGEM THE CASTLE OF MARQUEL. THE COUNTESS DUPINE RNSOMS IT FOR FIVE TOUSAND FRNCS. THE KING OF FRANCE ORDERS BOURBOURG TO BE ATTACKED. IT IS SUIlt. DAUPHINE RANSOMS IT FOIL FIVE THOUSAND FRANCS. RENDERED TO HIM BY CAPITULATION, WHEN THE ENGLISH QUIT FLAN. IN the same week an almost similar adventure happened in Au- DERS. HE THEN DISBANDS HIS ARMY. vergne, where the English held several castles bordering on the territo'es of the count dauphin, and on those of the bishops of St. Fleur WHEN the king of France came before Bourbourg there were neverand of Clermont. The English garrisons knew the country of Au- e such fine menatarms, nor such numbers as e had with him. vergne had been drained of men-at-arms, for the greater part of them The lords and their men were all drawn up, and eager for the attack. were with the king of France in Flanders: they, in consequence, Those who reconnoitered the place said, it could not hold out long; began to lay plans for surprising some of the strong places of Auvergne. atakwsdlyd*t dearly in men: and several wondered why the Aymerigot Marcel, governor of Aloise, a handsome castle situated a ttc w delayed. Some said, that the due of Brittany and the I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~earl of Flanders, who were on the other side of the town, were, treat. league distant from St. Fleur,* set off from his castle at daybreak, earl of Flanders, who were on the other side of the attended only by thirty picked men. He marched silently for the ing with the English to surrender without waiting for the assault. lands of the count dauphin, having formed his plan to take by scalado On this the Bretons, Burgundians, Normans, Germans, and others, lthecanstle ofwihh tduhiersfrhsrs who knew there was much wealth in the place, which, if taken by the castle of Marquel (which the count dauphin bears for his arms,)torm, would probabl fall to their share, were much exasperated at and rode through woods and a close country. Aymerigot and his storm, would probably fall to their share, were much exasperated at men took up their lodgings early in a small wood near the castle, the thoughts of a capitulation, and began to skirmish with the infan where they remained until sunset, and the garrison had retired into try at the barriers, without waiting for orders from the constable or the castle: while the governor, whose lname was Cirardon Buissel, marshals of the army: indeed, they were not forbidden to assault it. was at supper, the English, who knew well what they were to do, This skirmish increased so much that the French set fire to the town affixed their ladders and entered the castle at their ease. by means of fire-arrows and cannons, so that such a flame and smoke Those passing through the court saw them climbing over the came from the houses of Bourbourg as might have been seen forty walls, and instantly cried out, "Treason, treason!" On Girardon leagues off. The attack then began with shouts; and sir William hearing this, he had not any hopes of saving himself but through a de Namur, who with his men, was in the front ranks, fought al. private passage which led from his apartment to the great tower, iantly. Many gallant deeds were done, and the assailants leaped cherutly.lay ialnto themds ofere ditces abov the ksalnees, whenapey and which served as the dungeon of the castle. Thither he instantly heefully into the mud of the ditches above the knees, when they cenaerfll winothemdo the Engitche abov the palsaes, ahnd barhers retired, taking with him the keys of the gates, and shut himself in, e ged with the English at the palisades and brrers. while Aymegot and his companions were otherwise employed. The garrison defended themselves handsomely: indeed they had need of their exertions, for they knew not on which side to turn When they discovered that the governor had escaped into the great themselves. They were attacked on all parts: and the houses of tower, which they were unable to take, they said they had done no. the to thing, and repented greatly having thus inclosed themselves; for, the th n w ere blazing with fire, which more confounded the English gates being fastened, they could not get out. Aymerigot having than anything else. This, however, did not throw them off their mused a little, came to the tower, and, addressing the governor, said, guard, nor cause them to quit &eir posts. Sir Matthew Redman "Girardon, give us the keys of the castle.gate, and I promise you a and sir Nicholas Drayton, with t~eir men, in thle centre of the town, we will leave it vithut doing any mischief, to t cast" " endeavored to check the progress of the fire; but it was such a dry we will leave it without doing any mischief to the castle." In. deed," replied Girardon, but you will cary off ll my cattle: how season, that the smallest spark set the houses in flames. It is cer. eisn I believe you?" "Give me thy hand," said Aymerigot to him, tam, that if the attack had began earlier, or had not the night come "and I swear to thee, on my faith, that thou shalt not suffer the on so soon the town must have been taken by storm; but the approach smallest loss." Uppn this, he, like a fool, came to a small window of night put an end to it. Sir William de Namur's division had in the tower, and offered his hand for him to pledge his faith on; but thirty-six killed and wounded; and the army lost, according to the report of the heralds, upwm'd of five hundred. On the attack teas the moment Aymerigot got hold of it he pulled it to him, squeezing repot o the Fnh etrals pad of fhive hundtred. Oatnd the attck cens u it very hard, and called for his dagger, swearing he would stick his hand to the wall unless he gave up aill his keys. hand t the all uless e gav up al hiskeys.the dead. They said, that on the morrow they would renew the at * "St. Fleur" —a city of Auvergne, situated on a mountain, generality of Riom. * "Ventadour"-a castle in the diocese of Limoges. near Tulle. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 335 tack, and it should be irresistible. The English, all this Saturday Bretons began to plunder it, without excepting even the:hurch of night were employed in repairing the palisadoes which had been St. John: in which church, a pillager having mounted on an altar, broken, in putting all things in a good state, and in extinguishing the with the intent of forcing out a precious stone that was in the crown fires in the town. They were in a most perilous situation, being of an image made to represent the person of our Lady, the image surrounded on all sides, without means of escaping by flight. turned about, and the pillager in his fright fell from the altar and On the Sunday morning when the king had heard mass, it was was instantly struck dead. This is a certain truth, for many persoru proclaimed through the army, that whosoever should bring a faggot were witnesses of it. Shortly afterwards, another pillager came to the king's tent should receive a halfpenny, and as many faggots with a similar intent of robbing the image; but all the bells begu so many halfpence. These faggots were intended to be thrown into a peal without any one touching them, for no one could have rung the ditches, so that they might resolutely pass over them, and engage them, the bell-ropes being drawn up and fastened. On account of with the English on the Monday morning at the palisadoes. Upon these miracles, the church was visited by crowds. The king made.his all the lower ranks, and the servants, began to make faggots and a handsome present to it, as did all the lords, so that the amount of carry them to the king's tent, insomuch that a very large heap of them their gifts was upward of three thousand francs. was made thre. Sunday passed without any attack. Some say On Tuesday, the army began to decamp, and the king and con that on this day, and appearances confirmed it, the duke of Brittany, stable gave permission to several of his men.at-arms to return home. who was on the opposite side of the town to the king, entered into The king thanked those who had come from distant parts, and hi negotiations with the English, aware of the peril they were in. He a particular manner the duke of Bavaria and the count of Savoy, advised them to surrenderthe town, on their lives and fortunes being who had come from such a distance to serve him. Each lord now spared. This they were very willing to do, and they entreated the returned home, and the king went to France; but the duke of{Burduke, through love of God, and in honor of his gentility, to under- gundy staid a short time with his father-in-law the earl of FhIauders, take the business. to regulate his affairs, and resided at St. Omer. The lord de Co.-cy, The duke sent information of what he had done to the king, his with many knights and squires from Ponthieu, Vimeu and Picardy, uncles, the constable of France, the count de St. Pol, and to the entered Gravelines when the English had left it, repaired and greatly council. Having considered how advisable it was to gain all the strengthened it, and made it a garrison as a frontier to Calais. strong places in Flanders, in whatever manner they were offered to The countries of Furnes, Dunkirk, Dixmude, and Nieuport were be surrendered, and that to win Borbourg they must renew the attack, by degrees repeopled. They had lost everything by this war, but which would cost them probably numbers of lives; besides, they they now began somewhat to recover themselves. should at last only conquer a handful of men, who would defend themselves until they dropped; the king of France and his uncles replied, that, in God's name, they would willingly agree to a treaty, HAPT R XL if the duke of Brittany and the constable of France would undertake it. In this manner Sunday passed without anything being done. I THE BISHOr OF NoRWIH AND THOSE wuO ACCOMPANIED RIM IN Ils heard that, in the evening, on a promise of safety, John de Chateau- EXPEDITION ARE BADLY RECEIVED ON THEIR RETURN TO ENGLAND. neuf, a Gascon, and Remonnet de St. Marc, came to the tent of the CERTAIN GREAT PERSONAGES ARE DEPUTED TO NEGOTIATE A PEACE lord Guy de la Tremouille to play and amuse themselves, where they O RUCE BETWEEN TH INGS OF FRNCE ND ENLAND TI staid all night. On the Monday morning they returned to Bour- DUKE OF BAVARIA DIES. bourg; and at their departure the lord Guy said to them, "John and You must know that the duke of Lancaster was not very sorry Remonnet, ye shall both be my prisoners this evening." They re- this expedition of the bishop of Norwich had failed, for by it his plied, they would prefer being his, than belonging to any other knight. intended voyage to Spain and Portugal had been frustrated. Whes, Intelligence arrived this Sunday of the capture of Oudenarde, these knights returned to England, they were attacked by the corn which much vexed sir Gilbert de Lieneghien the governor, as it had mon people, who told them they had behaved very badly in their been lost through his absence; but he was exculpated from all blame expedition, for, from the prosperity they had been blessed with at by his lord the earl of Flanders, who had sent for him. The count the beginning, they ought to have conquered all Flanders. Sir de Blois commanded the king's guard this Sunday, and every one Thomas Trivet and sir William Elmham were more blamed than thought the attack would be renewed on Monday: but in the morn- the rest; but sir Hugh Calverley was not any way found fault with, ing it was proclaimed through the army, that the king forbade any either by the king's council or the populace, for they well knew, attack until further orders. This proclamation made every one that if they had paid attention to what he had advised, the event quiet; and several lords guessed that the English would escape by would have been more to their honor. They laid to their charge, means of a treaty, as the attack was forbidden. After dinner, those that they had sold Bourbourg and Gravelines to the king of France,,who were to negotiate came out of the town, such as sir William which exasperated the people to a great degree, and they were at Elmham, sir Thomas Trivet, sir Nicholas Drayton, sir Matthew one time in danger of their lives. The king ordered these two Redman, and others, to the number of fourteen knights and rquireo, knights to be confined in the Tower of London, and during the time whom the duke of Brittany, the constable of France, and the count of their imprisonment the country was quieted: on their liberation, de St. Pol, conducted to the tent of the king. The king was fmu:;h they threw themselves on the king's mercy.* pleased thereat, as he had scarcely seen any English exceptsir Peter At this time, negotiations were set on foot to conclude a truce Courtenay, who had come to Paris to fight with the lord Guy de la between England and France, in which the Ghent men were in. Tremouille, but the king and his council had made up the quarrel. celuded, to the great displeasure of the earl of Flanders; but he Now, as the English had been much renowned for gallantry and could not help it. When the army decamped from Bourbourg, the deeds of arms, the young king of France wished to see them: and duke of Brittany remained with his cousin the earl of Flanders at their treaty was much the better for it. St. Omer, and was desirous that a long peace or truce should be On the Monday this negotiation was carried on in'the king's tent, established between his lawful lord, the king of France, and the and in his presence. There were also present the dukes of Berry, king of England. In order to make a beginning to such business, Burgundy, Bourbon, Brittany, the earl of Flanders, the constable of he had mentioned the subject to some of the English knights, on France, and no more. The duke of Brittany was very active in this the Monday, when they were in the king's tent before Bourbourg; business: and it was settled, that the English should depart from which knights had promised, on their arrival in England, to propose Bourbourg and Gravelines, and carry away with them as much of it to the king, his uncles, and his council. However, to show that their wealth as they could. Several of the Bretons, French, Nor-. this matter was quite agreeable to him, and, that he was anxious mans, and Burgundians were much vexed at this treaty, for they about it, he sent two of his knights to England under good passports. thought of partakin.g of the spoils; but the king and his council had These knights, the lord de la Houssaye and the lord de MI.aifly, ordered it otherwise. managed matters so well, that the duke of Lancaster, the earl o' After the treaty had been signed, the English took leave of the Buckingham, the bishop of Hereford, the lord John Holland, brothe, king of France, his uncles, the duke of Brittany and the constable, to the king, the lord Thomas Percy, and others of the king's council, and went with the count de St. Pol, who carried them to supper at were ordered to Calais, having full powers from the king of England his house, where he entertained them as handsomely as he could in to conclude a peace or truce, according to their pleasure. On the such a situation. After supper he had them conducted to the gates other hand, there came to Boulogne the duke of Berry, the duke of of Bourbourg, for which they testified to him their thanks. The Burgundy, the bishop of Laon, and the chancellor of France, having whole of Tuesday they employed'in shoeing their horses, and in also full powers from the king of France and his council to conclude packing up all their wealth, of which they had much, and in making either a peace or truce. preparations for their departure. On the Wednesday morning they When assembled at Calais and Boulogne, they were delayed a loaded their baggage-horses and began their march, passing through short time by the non-arrival of the deputies from Spain; for the the army with passports from the king. The Bretons were much French would not enter into any treaty that did not aNt the same exasperated when they saw them so loaded; and they treated very time include the Spaniards. At last, a bishop, a dean, and two indifferently a few who tarried behind. Thus the English marched knights arrived on the part of the king of Spain. As they were not to Gravelines, where th~ey halted. On1 the Thursday morning, when.* Writs were issued to the sheriffs ofLondon. Somerset. Dorset, Essex, Norfolk, and they left it, they set fire to the place, burned it to the ground, and ar- Suffolk. to levy on the goods of sir W. Elmhham. for 3080 golden francs —sir W. do rived at Calais with all their pillage. They stopped there to refresh Faradon, 1400 ditto-sir Thomas Trivet, 1400 ditto —-sir Henry de Ferrers, 6080 ditto — themselves, and to wait for a favorable wind to return to England. Robert Fitzrauf, M0 ditto. They were also taken into custody; but no mention ih The king of France, and all the lords of his army, with their made of the Tower of London. Robert de Foulmer, clerk, treasurer to the bishop of attendants, enlered Bourbourg on thze Thursday morning, when the Norwich. was also imprisoned, and DXII) golden francs levied on his goods. Dated Orb BMarch —pardoned 14th May. —RYmHR, ann. 1384. ann. 7 Ric. I. 336 CCHR ONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANC tq, SPAIN, &c. empowered on either side to grant passports, that the negotiators for their safety, in going to and returning from Scotland 1,ougb firom France might come to Calais, or the English go to Boulogne, England. it was settled between them, that the conference should be trans- On the part of the English were included all their alm,, and ferred to a village that had a church, half way between these two adherents, wheresoever they might be. Ghent was expressk' men towns, above Buissem,* called Bolignes.t Thither all the parties went, and the lords, with their council, were together for many days. The duke iilc}if, i of Brittany and the earl of Flanders l 1 were present, and the great tent of!!!l.i i J!li,' / Bruges was pitched, wherein the earl l'i l!ii, 1.= Tt.. F'1 I.... entertained at dinner the duke of Lan- caster, the earl of Buckingham, and the other English lords. Each nego.; I tiator kept ip a grand state; but, not- j, withstanding there were many confer- -Ii A'] ences holden, yet they could not agree upon a peace, for the French wanted the Ejj-,jrlish to give up Calais, Guines, i: and artll the fortresses which they pos [!llfnrin gu.,tc ltun dF/l, sessed in Normandy, Brittany, Poitou, c Saintonge, and La Rochelle, as far as.. the river Garonne. But the English would not any way listen to such a proposal; nor would they ever consent to give back such places as Calais, " /' Guines, Cherbourg, or Brest. These conferenceses lasted three weeks, in which they or their councils discussed these matters daily. At this period, the gallant duke Winceslaus of Bohemia departed this life in the town of Luxembourg: hlie was in his time magnificent, blithe, pruhdent, amorous and apolite; and, when FueRAL OF T'E EARL OF FLANDRs. S-Bearin g the body into the Ciurch, with an array of Priesthood, &. hle died, it was said that the prince of the highest birth, of the most noble blood, and most numerously and honorably connected, was gone. God have mercy on his soul! He tiened in all thieir deeds, to the great displeasure of the carl r Flan-.. lies buried in the abbey of Vaucler, near Luxembourg. The lady ders. This truce was to last until the Michaelmas of the ye.tr 1384 Jane, his duchess, remained a widow, and never had any inclination and these commissioners were to see that the articles were duly ob to marry again. All who loved the duke were exceedingly con- served, having full powers to enforce them. Public acts were made corned at his death. of each different article for the better observance of them; and the lords present swore they should all be loyally kept, and in no way infi'inoed. CHAPTER CXLVI. d iU.RING TitESE CONFERENCES THE GtIENT glEN INSULT TOURNAY. A TRUCL C1APTER CXLLVII. IS CONCLUDED BETWEEN THE KINGS OF FRANCE AND ENTGLAND ANSD THE EARL OF FLANDERS DIES. TIIE CEREIONY OF HIS FUNERAL. TII1R. ALLIES. W~E will now return to the conferences which'were holding be- ON the conference breaking up, the French hrds returned to France Iween the lords of France and England, half-way between Calais tnd and the English lords to Calais. The duklie of Brittany went back Boulo gne, at the before-mentioned village. Neither side seemed to his duchy, and the earl of Flanders to St Omer. Shortly after, ho willing to accommodate the other. Some said it was owing solely was taken so ill that he died.* It was ordered that he should be to t rcei, who to h earl of Flanders, at the instigation of the town of Brnges, wh buried in the church of St. Peter in Lille. The earl departed this would not consent that the Ghent men shotld be included in the life on the 20th day of January, in the year 1353, and his body was treaty. This the English resented, and of course the tre at was cairied to Los, an abbey near to Lille. The hody of the countess stopped; for they had formed so strong a connection with Ghent, his lady, who had died five years before in the county of Rethel, was also brougv ht th ither, and from the-ace to Lille, w here they were in. that they would not coiiclnde a peace unless that place were included aLo brought thither, and from thse ce to Lille, where they were in. They had sworn to observe this during the tinme they were together tered together in the church of St. Peter.t __I will now relate the arrangement of this ceremony, wad the man. at Calais, and this compact firequently interlrupted the negotinations. I i o elae te rrang nt of this ceremoy, and the man. Since there seemed no probability of a solid peace being madcc, ner in which it was conducted, and describe the order of procession they proposed a truce, and on this ground the conferences were con- at the funeral,if the earl and countess of Flanders, whose bodies had tinied. The earl of Flanders would willingly have had Ghent ex- been carried to Los, an abbey near Lille. When they were about ciuded, and remain in a state of war, but the English absolutely to enter Lille, a great number of lords from France, Flanders, Hainreftsed to consent, so that a truce was made to comprehend Ghent, ault and lBrabant, who had arrived there the eve of the funeral, were and everything was to remain in its present situation, without any to neet the body at the gate of' the Invalids, and to carry it through surrender of forts: Oudenarde and Gravelines therefore belonged to the town to the church of St. Peter. They were to be armed as for Ghent. Notwithstanding the conferences, the Ghent men in garri. war, as well as their squires who supported them. son at Oudenarde marched to Tournay, burnt the suburbs, and re- Sir John Haluin was nearest the body, supported by Enguerrand turned back in safety with their pillage. About Christmas the Ghent de Volemie, and Roger de l'Espierre: then the lord de la Marque, men went arid received the rents of the lord d'Estournay in his own supported by John de l'Espiernre, and the lord Sausde de Fretin; the town, which made him very melancholy; and hlie swore to God, that lord de Mauvis, supported by Godfrey de Noille, and Heniy de la if lie would be pleased to assist him, whatever treaty or agreement Vacquerie. The names of those appointed to the convoy were, sir should be made between the country of Flanders and these men, lie Peter de Bailleuf, near the body, supported by Guyot de Lomrnpr, and would never pay any attention to it, but would continue the war John Louis lord of Lamberticourt: sir Sohier de Gand advanced be. agr;linst them to the utmost of his power, for they had robbed him of fore sir Peter de Bailleuf, supported by Hugart de Quinghen, and by his inheritance. He was ignorant how he should live, if his friends Michael do la Quarrie: sir John du Moulin advanced before sit So. in Brabant did not assist him, so completely had they plundered hint. hier de Gand, supported by John de Quinghen and Haubequin le \Vith some difficulty, the lords who had held so many conferences maresthal. Next followed the banners of the bier; first, sir Francis at Bolinges concluded a truce between the kings of France and Eng- de Hasurquerque and sir Goussain le Sauvage in front; sir Lancelot ian' and their allies. On the part of France was included all Spain, de Ia Personne before sir Goussain, and sir John de la Hello before as well as Scotland. The king of France bound himself to send no- sir Lancelot de la Personne. Those who bore the banners of the tice rf this ruce to he kin0nd baronsof Scotlndasspedilyas * Some authorities state that he was stabbed by the duke of Berri, because he insisted possible; and the bearers of this information were to have passports oit receiving the homage of the latter for the earldom of Boulogne held by himself in _ -___ ___________________ ________- right of his wife. —ED. nt The earl of Flanders left only one legitimate ehlud, Margaret of Flanders, his sole Q. U If sot titutlit hero, sow a ciii e. near Boulogne. heiress; but he had eleven illegitimate childiren, the eldest of whom was Louis, beforeNoble, loui, fcisqlue. sage, ermuierci 0amoureax-'nohle. handsomre, lively, wise, tuu- uinuttioned, called the Haze, Anglicd Hare ofFlanders. The origin of this title is un~,.a.,,d tlm -er,",:p-Eu — Pn CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 335 bier and convoy came next, sir Matthew de Hunieres, and before him bailiff of Hainault. These lords were on foot, and the horse was sir John de Helles lord des Aveaux, and sir Cierchelart de la Barre armed and caparisoned; with the second horse were sir Valeran de before the above-named lord des Aveaux; and sir John de Paris be- Ravenal and the castellan de Dixnmude: with the third, sir Hugh (do fore Ciarchelart. The names of those barons who assisted to carry Melun and the lord d'Aucy: the lord de Burnel and the lord de Brumelu the corpse of the earl from the gate of the Invalids, in procession were with the fourth horse. Then came those who were to offial the steeds of the convoy: first, sir Henry d'Ancoing and sir Gerard de Guistelles; with the second, the lord de Montigbn. ard the lord de Rasenghien; the lord de la Haurade and the castellan de Fumnes were with the third; and the fourth had Plac7 -I' I ithe lord de Saugmelles and sir Rowland de la Clicque. mNext came those who wore to offer the earl's swords of war; my lord admiral of France bore the first, the lord de Rary /la he town othe second, the marshal of Burgundy the de V e admralofFraceonthird, the lord de Saint Py the fourth. s on t h' s ir' d e'' the righThe names of those who offered the ______s-:e/l' de. __ swolrds of the convoy: sir William de rere,~~/~~)~~p( ~Ponthieu bore the first, sir William do li Trimouille the second, the castellan of Ypres the third, and sir Guy de Hhn-' nephew?' //i ~~~~~court the fourth. Then came those who T- ~ \ offered the war-helmets of the earl; the lord de Manly bore the first; the second andV the0 lord! de Guistel~sir Ansel de Salins: sir John Doppemn:res cand the castel!an of St. Odmer had the de Sily third; and sir Guy Guistelles and le Galois d'Aunoy the fourth. The helmets of the convoy were borne and offered as follows: the first by sir ~~~~ ~Jesose do Hallain and sir Oliver de Guffy; imu.l, I'the second by the lord d'Ysebobecque _\~~~ ~and the lord de Lalain;* the fourth by lacng the body before the Altar. sir Tristan du Bois and sir John de Ju. mont. Then came those who offered the banners of war: the lord de Listretnroogh'the town of Lille, to the church of St. Peter: first, sir John naille offered the first, sir Leoncel d'Airainnies the second, sir Giles. de Vienne, admiral of France, on the right, and the lord de Guis- de la Gouneuse the third, and sir John de Luisolom the fourth. telles on the left; sir Vraleran de Ravenal on the right, the castellan The banners of the envoy were next offered: the first by sir Orengois de Disquenien on the left; the lord d'Estournay on the right, and sir de Rely, the third t by sir John de Disquenieu, and the fourth by Ansel de Salins on the left. sir Vilaines de ha Clicque. Those barons who assisted in bearing the corpse of the countess Those who, after the obsequies were ended, laid the body of the of Flanders from the gate of St. Ladro to the church of St. Peter earl of Flanders in the earth were, sir John de Vienne, admiral of were, the lord de Sully on the right, and the lord de Chatillon on the left side of the body; sir Guy de Pontalliers, marshal of Burgundy, on the. right, sir Guy de Guistelles on the left;: then sir Henry du Going on the right, i? and the castellan of Fumrnes on the left. I shall now mention the regulations,,ili 1 on the day of the obsequies, which1l were performed in the church of St. Peter, the names of those present, as! i ] well as of the squires who supported the shields during the whole mass,' until the offertory: first, the duke of -: Burgundy by himself, and the firs..? shield was borne before him, which''' shield was supported by the lord de Ravenal, by the lord de la Gouneuse, by Labequini de la Coutre, and by John de Pontalliers, brother to the marshal of Burgundy. The second shield was borne before my lord John of Artois, count d'Eu, and the lord Philip de Bar, by Valeran de la Sale and Lesclaus d'Annequin. Next followed the count de la Maarche and the lord Philip d'Artois; the shield was borne by Gillon de Labert and Robin de Florigny. Then came sir'_ __ Robert de Namur, and with him his - nephew sir William de Namur: the shield was borne by Chaux Bernard Placing the body in the Tomb. and Girard de Sternaille. The shields of the convoy: the lord d'Anghien, and with him sir John de Namur; the shield carried France, the lord de Guistelle, sir Valeran de Ravenali:.thE. castclhn' by Aihlart de Ponth~es and Henry de Moucy. Next followed sir de Dixmude, the lord de Ray and Sir Ansel de Salins.,. Those who Esne de Chitillon, and the lord de Fere; the shield supported by interred the body of the countess, consort to the earl,: were, sir Guy John de Ileluin and Edward de Castron; then the lord d'Ancoing de la Trimouille, the lord de Chatillon, the s6neschal of Burgundy, and the lord de Guistelles: the shield-bearers were Tristan de Lan- the lord Gerard de Guistelles, sir Henry d'Antoing, and the castdlan dres and John du B6art; then the lord de Moriennes anrd the lord of Fumes. de Silly: the shield borne by Fresingue and by Danms de Bucy. It should be observed, that all who officially had entered:tha Then came those waho were to make offerings of the war-horses * The third ii not mentioned in any of my editions..f the earl: first my lord de Chatilion and sir Simon de Lalain, t The second is forgotten 338 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. church of St. Peter at Lille, with the corpse in the evening, remained Hugh de Boulon, sir Sainge de Villiers, sir Garnier de Libourne, sir there until the mass of the morrow, as well those knights who Garnier de Gussangin, sir Odin de Motin, sir Robert de Campignen, were armed as those who bore the banners, and the squires who led James de Montfort, John de Heluin, John de Mellez, Michael de la the horses. There were about four hundred men, clothed in black, Barre, William Gobart, heard this information with pleasure: they appointed to carry the body of the earl and countess of Flanders, might amount to about thirty men-at-arms, knights and squires. through Lille, to the church of St. Peter, and each of them bore a In order to advance their'enown, they had determined among torch in his hand. These four hundred men held their torches on themselves, since they knew not where to offer their arms, to hire a the morrow in the church during mass, and they were all of them vessel and seek for adventures with the Scots. This resolution they officers in the principal towns or of the earl's household. followed, and having embarked all their arms and baggage, they The archbishop of Rheims celebrated the mass, assisted by the themselves went on board, and set sail from Sluys as soon as tha bishops of Paris, Tournay, Cambray and Arras, and likewise by five wind became favorable. They left their horses behind, on account abbots. There were in the church, during the obsequies, seven hun- of the dangers of the sea and the length of the voyage: besides, the dred candles or thereabouts, and each candle weighed one pound. mariners who conducted them knew they could not land at Edin. On the catafalque were five banners; in the centre, the banner of burgh, Dunbar, nor any of the adjoining'ports, on account of the Flanders; on the right, that of Artois; on the left, lower down, that English fleet, with the' purveyances which followed the army, being of Boulogne; the fourth of Nevers, and the fifth of Rethel. The masters of all the havens. catafalque was emblazoned on the right side with the scutcheons of About this time the embassadors from France arrived in England, Flanders, and on the left with those of Flanders and Brabant. Down and waited on the king and his uncles, who entertained them hand. the church were twelve hundred and twenty-six candles, similar to somely. They dissembled a little the first day, because they knew those airound the bodies. There was not any lady or damsel present a war was carrying on in Scotland; but, on hearing their people had on the part of the duke or duchess of Burgundy except the lady of finished the business, they hastened the messengers from France, sih the governor of Lille. Hemart de Mass6 and the others, and, for their greater security, A magnificent dinner was provided, and every knight and squire ordered some of the king's heralds to attend them through England, were gratuitously entertained the day and night of the obsequies; and to have all towns and castles opened to receive them. This and all the black cloth they had worn was given to them.'After this being arranged, they set out on their embassy. The French knights ceremony they all returned to their homes. who had sailed from Sluys, by coasting the shores of Holland and The duke of Burgundy placed in the garrisons and towns in Flan- England', and carefully avoiding the English fleets, arrived safely at ders, knights and squires, notwithstanding the truce which had been a small sea-port in Scotland, called MonstresE The Scots who made between France and England, and between their allies, for lived in the' town, hearing that the passengers were Frenchmen, every one was on his guard. The duke of Burgundy then returned come hither to seek for deeds of arms, showed them great kindness, to France, but the lady-duchess remained a considerable time in and supplied them with every necessary to the utmost of their power. Artois. When these knights and squires had refreshed themselves for two days, and had gained sufficient intelligence, they set out mounted CHA P T E R C~XL VII~. on hackneys, and rode to Dundee, from whence, continuing their journey as well as they could, they came to Perth, a handsome town. TPIE EARLS OF NORTtHUABERLAND AND NOTTINGIIAM RAISE A BODY OF The river Tay runs by it; there is a good sea-port, from whence one -ENGLISH TO MAKE AN EXCURSION INTO SCOTLAND. EMBASSADORS A-RE ENGLIS TO A AN ECURSION INTO SCOTLAD. EMBSSADORS E may sail to any part of the world. On their arrival at Perth,; they SENT FROM FURANCE TO SCOTLAND, TO NOTIFY TItE TRUCES WHICH HAD learnt that the English had retired, and that tile king and all the BEEN MADE BETWEEN FRANCE AND ENGLAND. nobility of Scotland were assembled in parliament at Edinburgh. You have before heard how the lords of France who had attended Upon this they resolved to send sir Garnier de Cuissangin and'bhe conferences in Bolinge had engaged on their departure to notify Michael de la Barre, to Edinburgh, to have a conference with the Athe truces that had been made between them and the English, to thile king and the nobles, to know if they could be employed, and to Scots and to the king of Scotland, so that any misunderstanding testify their good will, at least, in coming from Flanders to Scotland:,should be prevented between the two countries. The council of sir Geoffry de Clarny and the rest were to remain at Perth, until'France, however, to say the truth, did not use all the diligence they they heard how they had been received.:should have done; for they were to have sent instant information of As they had resolved, so was it executed: the embassadors set,this truce, which they did not do. I know not how this happened, out from Perth and came to Edinburgh, where the king was. The.except it were owing to the duke of Burgundy being so much en- earl of Douglas was there, whose name was James, for sir William,?gaged by the death of his father-in-law the earl of Fianders, and the present earl's father, was lately dead: there were present also taken up with the business of his obsequies, as you have heard re- the earls of Moray and Orkney, the lords de Versi, Sutherland,;:ated. He likewise did not imagine the English would have acted Lindsay and his six brothers, who were all of them knights. These:nas: they did for, soon after Easter, the earls of Northumberland and Scots lords entertained very handsomely the knights of France. Nottingham, and the barons of Northumberland, collected a body of Sir Garnier explained to the king and his barons the intentions of;,about two, thousand lances and six thousand archers, with which they his companions, and their reasons for coming to Edinburgh. The,marched by Berwick and Roxburgh, and entered Scotland. embassadors from France, sir Hemart de Masse, sir Peter de Flamel'They burnt all the lands of the earl of Douglas and of the lord and Janequin Champenois, arrived with copies of the truces entered jLindsay, and left nothing unmolested as far as Edinburgh.' The into between the kings of France and England; but the Soots'barons of Scotland were not apprised of this invasion, and took the. having no inclination to accept them, dissembled, by saying that aMfiir much to heart, saying they would revenge it to the utmost of they had come too late, and that they should not now pay any attentheir power. They added, that the English ought to have been at tion to them, for the English had just made a grevious war on the peace with them according to what had been reported of the truce; country. King Robert did everything he could for their being but they knew not this for certain, as in fact it had not at that time accepted, saying, that in truth, since they had been notified to them, been notified to them; and they well knew that they had not entered they had not any pretence for a refusal: this caused a difference into any treaty with the English. The war was thus begun; and between the king and the knights of his country.'they had suffered in the first instance from it, which greatly dis- The earl of Douglas, the earl of Moray, the children of Lindsay,,pleased them. Intelligence soon spreads abroad; it was known in and such knights and squires of Scotland who wished for war, held Flanders, particularly at Sluys, from some merchants who had sailed a secret meeting in the church of St. Giles at Edinburgh, where the firom Scotland, that the English had invaded that country, and that French knights, sir Garnier and Michael de la Barre, were desired iking Robert and his barons were collecting a numerous force to en. to attend. The Scots barons said they would enter into a treaty.gage the English. It was also known in France that the English with their companions, and they should soon hear good news from i had taken the field, and they said among themselves that a battle them, but it must be kept secret. Upon this they returned to Perth, must be the consequence. and related all they had seen and heard. The dukes of Berry and Burgundy, and the king's council, hearing,this news, said it was foolishly done not to have notified the truce to:Scotland, according to their promise. It was then ordered by the C.H A P T E R C X L I X. king, his uncles and his council, that sir Hemart de Mass6, a very pirudent knight, should go to Scotland, properly authorized, and with THE BA AN KITS o SCTLAND, IN CONJUCT T S him sir Peter de Flamel; and a serjeant-at-arms of the king, who was FRENCH ENIGHT", UNDERTAKE AN EXPEDITION INTO ENGLAND WITHof the Scots nation, and called Janequin Champenois, was likewise OUT THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE ING OF SCOTLAND, WISO SENDS A HERALD TO MAKE HIS EXCUSES TO THE KING OF ENGZAND. ordered to attend them, because he was acquainted with the country HERALD TO MAKE HIS EXCUSES TO THE ING OF ENGLAND. and understood the language. While these embassadors were ma. SIR Geoffry de Charny and the other knights and squires were king their preparations, and the English overrunning Scotland, the much pleased at this intelligence. Leaving Perth, they continued news of which was spoken of everywhere, several men.at-arms from their march until they arrived at Edinburgh. They gave nut the France who had fixed their residence at Siuys, not knowing where to smallest hint of their expectations, and had not remained there offer their services, as a truce was now established between Frasce tvelve days when the earl of Douglas gave them a secret invitation and England, resolved to go to Scotland. They heard the news of this war between Scotland and England; and it was confidently * "Menstress." MF. D. M'Pherson. in his excellent Geographical Illustrations of said at Sluys, that an engagement must very soon take place. These Scottish History, translates it Melrose; but I think it must. be a mistake, as Froissart calls it, un petit port." From what follows it must be some small port ne.' men.at-arms, such as sir Geoffly de Charny, sir John de Plaissy, sir ~, Dundee; and 1 should suppose it to mean Montrose. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c, 339 to come to him, and at the same time sent horses to conduct them counsellors of the king of France and your own, and will agree tha to his castle of Dalkeith. On the morrow after their arrival, he the truces last the time such truces have been agreed to with my carried them to where the barons and knights of Scotland were very redoubted and sovereign lord the king of Scotland, he and his mustering their men. In three days' time they amounted to upward council will confirm them, and swear to keep and maintain themn, of fifteen thousand on horseback, all armed according to the usual out of respect to the king of France and his council, as well by manner of the country. When the whole were collected, they said himself as by his vassal; and upon this subject you will be pleased they would make an inroad, and revenge themselves on the English to give me your answer.";or the mischiefs they had done. The king of England and his uncles paid attention to the herald They began their march through the woods and forests of their while he was speaking, and willingly heard him. Tihe duke ot.'ountry, and entered Northumberland, on the lands of the lord Percy, Lancaster told him, that indeed he should have an answer. They,which they pillaged and burnt. They advanced still further, and ordered him to remain in London, where he had had his audience, then returned through the estates of the earl of Nottingham and the to wait the answer from the king of England. lord Mowbray, to whose lands they did much damage. They passed by Roxburgh: for they had a very large booty with them, as well in men as in cattle, and returned to their own country without any CHAPTER CL. loss; for the English had been some time disbanded, and could not be reassembled in time to oppose them: they were, therefore, THE T HUCES AHI E HAD BEEN MADE BETWEEN THE FRENcH, TE ENGISH obliged to suffer this insult, as they had before given a similar one AND TEIR ALLIES, RE PROCLAIMED IN SCOTLAND. THE FRENCH to the Scots. The king of Scotland could easily excuse himself for IHTS, O THEIR RETURN FROM SCOTLAND, ARE IN GREAT DANGER rHoIIZ THE ZEALANDER$, this inroad, as he had been kept entirely ignorant of their assembling and march. Since the country was so inclined, it was not material AT the end of two days, the council agreed on an aswer. Sir that he should know anything about it; but supposing he had known Simon Burley, chamberlain to the' king, drew it up: and by these it, and there had beea no other treaties than those which existtd means all disputes were settled. To say the truth, the lords of Enobetween the two countries, they would not have acted otherwise for land who had been at the conferences at Bolinghen had not acted him. very honorably when they had consented to order their men to march Notwithstanding the barons of Scotland,with the French Iknuights, to Scotland and burn the country, knowing that a truce would speedhad thus invaded England, sir Hemart de Mass6 and sir Peter de ily be concluded: and the best excuse they could make was, that Flamrel continued to reside at Edinburgh, flear king Robert: they it was the French, and not they who were to signify such truce to allowed the Scots to act as they pleased, that it might not be said, the Scots. The herald was told, that in God's name he was welnor the English suppose, that it was through their fault, or those of come, and that it was the intention of the king of England, his uncles their country who had come with them, that the treaties had been and council, to keep and maintain what they had sealed and sworn infringed which had been concluded at Bolinghen by the nobles and to, and that they would no ways infringe it, but, on the contrary, council of France, England and Castille. The king of Scotland and would preserve it, for those who had been most active had lost the the embassadors sent each a herald to England fully instructed what most. The herald demanded all this to be put in writing, that he they were to say. When the heralds arrived in England, they might the more readily be believed. They made him rich presents, found the whole country in motion, and eager to renew the war, by and in such quantity that he was well contented, and greatly thanked marching into Scotland. The duke of Lancaster and the earl of the king and his nobles. Having left London, he continued his jour. Cambridge were, however, anxious to go to Portugal and Castille in ney until he arrived in Scotland,ywhere the embassadors firom France the course of the year, with a large body of men-at-arms and were waiting to know his answer, for they were anxious to learn archers, under the power of one or both of them; for they considered how the English would conduct themselves. When they saw the themselves as heirsby their ladies to all Castille, and they wished to answers from the king and his uncles, in the sealed letters which renew the war between the king of' Portugal and the king of Castille. were delivered to them, they were well satisfied and much rejoiced King Fernando was dead, and the Portuguese had crowned his thereat. Thus was the truce continued for this year between Eng. bastard brother don John, a valiant man who wished for a war with land and Scotland, and for greater security it was proclaimed tihroughthe Spaniards, but not without having succors from England. Of out the two kiingdoms. this the duke of Lancaster was well informed, but dissembled his The French embassadors returned to their own country, through knowledge as well as hlie could, and endeavored through his friends England, without any accident, and related to the king of France to prevent any forces being collected to carry on a war with Scot- and his uncles what they had done, and the opposition they had land. It was asserted, that the king of Scotland had refused to met with: ii short, they recounted everything you have just heard authorize the war which the French and Scots knights wished for, When sir Geoffry de Charny and the French knights in his company and that the late expedition had been made without his knowledge. found that the truce was to be established between Scotland and The 93ots herald on his appearance before the king of England England, they took their leave of the barons of Scotland, more espeand his uncles, well knowing his duty, threw himself on his knees, cially of the earls of Douglas and Moray, who had shown them and requested that, as herald firom the king of Scotland, he might much kindness. These barons of Scotland, as well as some other deliver his message. The king and the nobles granted his request: knights, said to them, joking, "Gentlemen, you have seen the con. he then declared why he had been particularly sent by the king and dition and manner of our country, but you have not seen its whole the embassadors from France, and excused themn, by saying, that the strength and power. Know that Scotland is the country of the king of Scotland had graciously received the embassy from France, world most dreaded by the English; for we cani, as you have seen; and having assented to the treaties which the king of France had enter England at our pleasure, without any danger from the sea: if made, should conform to the truce: that he had ordered, as strongly we were in grea'ter numbers, we should do them more mischief than as lay in him, his vassals to do the same; but that the borderers of we are now able to do. Be so good, therefore, when you are in Scotland, on the lands of the lord Percy and the earl of Nottingham, France, to tell this to your knights and squires, who shall be eager such as the earl of Douglas, the earl of Mar his uncle, sir Archibald, for renown, to excite them to come hither in search of deeds of arms. sir Rome, sir Peter, sir William and sir Thomas Douglas, all the We can assure you, that if we had a thousand lances from France, brothers of Lindsay and Ramsay, with sir William Seton, would with the g0ood people here, we would give such a considerable blow not attend the parliament in which this treaty was agreed to, nor to England that it should be visible for forty yearsto come. Have would they accept it; for they said there had been such damage the goodness to rememiber this when you shall be on the other side done to their lands as was disagreeable to themselves and firiends, of the water." which they would revenge the very first opportunity. These lords, The French knights replied they would not fail to do so, for it whom I have just named, collected their forces to invade England, was not a thing to be forgotten. Upon this they embarked on board but they never mentioned it to the king, nor to any of his household, a vessel they had engaged to carry them to Sluys; but they had con. for they well knew he would not have consented to it. "They say, trary winds when at sea, which obliged them to run for a port in however, in Scotland, that England began hostilities; that, my lords, Zealand called la Virille.* When they had landed there, they thought you knew well a truce had been concluded beyond sea; and that on they were in a place of safety, but were disappointed, for the Nor. your return from Calais, it ought to have been signified to us. They mans had lately visited the coast, and had done, iTs it was said, much say likewise, that the embassadors from France, when they passed mischief to the Zealallders. These knights and squires were in through this country, were detained from coming to us as they were great danger; for, while a different language was held in the town, bound to do, and that you kept them too long here with your enter- their vessel was seized, their trunks broken open, and their arms tainments: on which accounts, this misunderstanding has happened taken away, and they themselves in risk of losing their lives. between Scotland and England, urged on by those who had long At that time there was in the town a squire of the count de Blois, meditated it, and under shadow of dissimulation the greater part of whose name was Jacob, an agreeable man, who assisted them in all it has been effected. But my most redoubted and sovereign lord, things. He talked with the principal people of the town, and with the king of Scotland, and the embassadors from the king of France, such good effect that a part of their baggage was restored to them. who reside at present with him, exculpate themselves from any In order to save them from their peril, for he knew the people were knowledge of the last expedition which the barons and knights of much enraged against them, and had intentions of attacking them Scotland made into England, having been completely ignorant of it. on the sea, as.aIey had sent notice of their plans to the neighboring Therefore, to redress all complaints and place things on a proper towns, and were in sufficient force ts do so, he showed them much footing, I am ordered to say, that if you will conform to the treaties courtesy, and out of affection to'hem, explained how greatly the concluded beyond sea through the discretion and wisdom of the *"LaVirille." O.. if netlaBrill e. 340 CHRONICLES CF ENGLAND. FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. country was exasperated against theni, but that, out of regard to his were instantly reinforced; for the lord Destournay followed them so lord and the realm of France, he would counteract it. They warmly close with his men, that the guards fled into the town, crying out, thanked him for his kind intentions. Well, what did Jacob do? "Treason, treason!" but before the townsmen could be awakened, He went to a mariner and hired a vessel to carry him wherever he the men-at-arms had entered it, and killed all who put themselves pleased, saying his intentions were to go to Dordrecht. The mari-. on their defence, shouting out as they came to the square, "Victory!" ners having agreed to this proposal, he and his company embarked Thus was Oudenarde won. Of the Ghent men, full three hundred on board the vessel, and at first made for Dordrecht; but, when were killed or drowned. A large sum was found in the town, Jacob saw it was time to alter their course, he said to the sailors, belonging to Francis Atremen, which I heard amounted to fifteen "Now, mind what I am going to say: I have hired with my money thousand francs. this vessel to carry me whithersoever I shall please: turn, therefore, News was soon spread abroad, that Oudenarde had been taken the helm for Strueghene,* as I want to go thither." The sailors re- during the truce, which angered the Ghenters much, as was natural, fused to do so, saying they had been only engaged to sail to Dor- for it nearly affected them. They held a meeting on this subject, drecht. "Attend to me," replied Jacob: "do what I have ordered and resolved to send to the duke of Burgundy to remonstrate with you, if you do not wish to be put to death." The sailors dared not him on the capture of Oudenarde during the truce, and to say, that. make any reply, for they were not the strongest; so they at once if it were not delivered back to them they should consider the truce turned the helm and set the sails, and made for the town of Estri- as broken. But the duke excused himself, declaring he had not inmohee,t where they arrived without fear of danger, for it belonged terfered any way in the business, and that as God might help him, to the count de Blois. After they had refreshed themselves, they he was entirely ignorant of this expedition of the lord Destournay: departed and returned through Brabant and Hainault to their own he added, that he would willingly write to him, which he did, and country, thanking Jacob for the kindness he had done them. order him to give back Oudenarde, for it was neither honorable nor When sir Geoffry de Charny, sir John de Plaissy and the other agreeable to the duke to capture any towns, castles, or forts during knights and squires who had been in Scotland, returned to France, a truce. they were interrogated as to news from that country. They related The lord Destournay acknowledged the letters from the duke, and all they had seen and heard from the barons and knights of Scot- in answer said, that the garrison of Oudenarde had always made land. Sir John de Vienne, admiral of France, conversed on the war on his lands, whether truce or no truce, and had seized on his subject with sir Geoffry de Charny, who was surprised, as well as inheritance, and that he had never consented to any truce with other barons of France, to hear that the French, through Scotland, them; that he had conquered Oudenarde in fair war, and that he could gain an easy entrance into England. Sir Hemart de Masse would keep possession of it as his own proper inheritance until continued the conversation, and added, the Scots could not any way Flanders and Ghent should be completely reunited, for his othes love the English; and he had been directed to say this by order of property had been ruined by the war. Things remained in this state, the Scots council, that the king of France and his uncles might have for nothing better could be done. information of it. The French instantly determiued, as soon as the Francis Atremen was very much blamed for not having better truces should be expired, to send a powerful army to Scotland to lay guarded the place, and especially by the lord de Harzelles, insomuch waste England. This was planned by the dukes of Berry and Bur- that Francis was wroth with the knight, and high words ensued, gundy, who at that time governed the realm at their pleasure, and adding, whatever he might have done in regard to Oudenarde, he the constable of France; but the whole was kept very secret. had always acquitted himself loyally toward Ghent. This provoked answers, and the lie was given on both sides. Shortly after, the lord de Harzelles was killed; and some say that Francis Atremen CHAPTER CLI. and Peter du Bois were the authors of it. About this time, the Ghent men requested the king of England to send them a valiant TM 1,0RD DESTOrRN&Y ASSEMBLES FORCES TO RETAKE OUDENARDE. EO EST CONQSEMRS I ESTTOGETA man for governor, and one who was connected with the crown by E CONQEES IT BY STRATAGEM. blood. In consequence, the king sent to Ghent one of his knights, You have before heard how Francis Atremen took by scalado the a gallant man of sufficient prudence to govern the town: his name town of Oudenarde, while the treaties for a truce were negotiating was sir John Bourchier,* who remained governor of Ghent upward before Bergues and Bourbourg, to the great surprise of Tournay and of a year and a half. the adjacent towns. The garrison of Oudenarde, during this time, had overrun the country: and done much mischief to the territories of Tournay: the whole estate of the lord Destournay was under CHAP T E R C L I I. their subjection. They had at the~feast of Christmas collected his THE DUKE OF ANJOU DIES AT A CASTLE NEAR NAPLES. HIS WIDOW lr rents and duty-fowls, from the towns belonging to him, for their own ADVISED TO SOLICT THE FOPE Fot TIE POSSESSION OF PROVENCE. use, which displeased him and his friends exceedingly. He therefore declared, that whatever truce or respite there might be between You have be/'e heard bow the duke of Anjou, who styled him. t Yef igof htyandverusalrem heard howrthedu ofintou who styledhan. the kings of France and England with the Flemings, he should not self king of Sciy and Jerusalem, had marched into la Pugli and C,~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~sl k in g Calabriay an d haJoqeruaed. h ad marhed contry las far asnape pay any attention to it, but would exert himself in doing them as Calabna, and had conquered the whole coutry as far as Naples much damage as he was able, for they had so grievously oppressed but the Neapolitans would never turn to his party, and continued the him that he was become a poor man. support they had always given to the lord Charles Durazzo. The Thimor Dethayture heiws become attptoor t mean.Oue The lord Deouray turned his whole attention to retake Oude duke of Anjou remained on this expedition three whole years; you narde, and succeeded through the friendship of some knights and y sppose, therefore, that his expenses were very great, for there squires from France, Flanders, and Hainault, who assisted him in it. is no treasury, however rich, but men-at-arms will drain it: whoever When he sent to these friends, several were ignorant of his inten- i desirous of their services must pay them ell, if they expect any tions. The expedition was undertaken on the 17th day of May advantage from them. It must certainly have cost the duke immense 1384; for the lord Destournay learned by his spies, that Francis sus of money; but those who sunk his treasury the deepest were theear of Saony; and thoe whvoyrsun That teasrl, hoeer adeps wer Atremen was gone to Ghent, trusting to the truce which had been the earl of Savoy and the Savoyards. That earl, however, and a made with the French: by so doing he committed a fault, and was great many of his knights, died on this expedition, which weakened no longer attentive to guard Oudenarde, as I shall relate. The lord the duke of Anjou in men. It was on this account that he sent to Destournay formed a considerable ambuscade of four hundred France to implore the assistance of his brothers the dultes of Berry knights, squires and good men-mat-arms, whom he had entreated to and Burgundy, who did not fail him in his necessities, but replied assist him. These he posted in Ihe wood of Lart, near to the gate that they would support him with men and money. These two of Oudenarde. There were among them sir John du Moulin, sir dukes considered who would be the proper persons to send on this James de la Trimouille, sir Gilbert and sir John Cacquelan, sir Roland expedition. After having maturely weighed everything, they thought de l'Espierre, sir Blanchart de Calonne, and the lord d'Estripouille, they could not fix better than on the gallant lord de Coucy and the who was created a knight. lord d'Anghien, count de Conversano,t whose earldom is situa I will now relate their stratagem, and how those of Oudenarde in la Puglia. were deceived by it. They filled two carts with provision, which These two lords, having been solicited to undertale the busi they put under the charge of four hardy and determined men dressed by the king of France and his uncles, cheerfully complied, for it as carters, clothed in gray frocks, but armed underneath. These highly honorable to them. They instantly began their prepara carters drove the carts to Oudenarde, and gave the guards to under- and set off as speedily as possible with a handsome company of stand that they had brought provision front Hainault to victual the at-armis: but when they arrived at Avignon, and were busily empl place. The guards not thinking but all was right, drew up the port. in forwarding their troops and other business, certain intellig cullis, and allowed them to advance on the bridge. The carters was brought them of the death of the duke of Anjou at a castle n knocked out the pins which held the traces of the horses, and flung Naples.t The lord de Coucy, on hearing this, advanced no furth them into the ditch. Upon this the guards cried out to them, "Why seeing that the expedition was at an end; bmt the lord de Conversan do not you drive on?" and taking hold of the horses, drove them continued his march, for he had many things to settle in his own before them, and thus left the carts standing, for, as I said, they Lord Bourchier of Essex-See DOCHALE. * " Sir John Boureh~ier." odBucie fEsx —e vmr~ were unhmarnessed. The guaids then found out that they had been Coversamo is a town in the Neapolitan dominions, near Bari: its bishopric is deceived and betrayed, and began to strike the carters, who defended suffa'agan to Bari. themselves ably: for they were well-armed under their frocks, and; HIe died at Bistlia, near Bari, the 20th or 21st September, 1384. —.rt da Ytrifier /.~ were men of tried courage. Having killed two of the guards, they Dates. T'Vhe authors of the.Nbmveamm Dictionnaire Historique, by mistake, have placed hm L"" Strulhane," Q. Gertruydenberg. t "Estrimohe" Q. j death at Paris. but witll the same date. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 341 country, in la Puglia and in Conversano. This intelligence was soon in a different situation from what they actually occupied, which known in France to the king and his uncles, who supported the death would increase their worth; and, for the present, she could neither of the king of Sicily as well as they could. see nor point out any better place than Hainault, Holland, and ZeaWhen madame d'Anjou, who resided at Angers, heard of the death land, which would unite hie whole country together, and give greater of her lord, you may imagine she was greatly afflicted. The count fear and alarm to its enemies; for,'fair nephew,' added she to the Guy de Blois, her cousin-german, who lived at Blois, on receiving duke of Burgundy,'I know for a truth, that the duke of Lancaster, the news, set out with all his equipage to visit her at Angers, where who is so powerful in England, is extremely anxious for his daughter he remained a considerable time comforting and advising her to the to espouse my.qnhew, William of Hainault, and I certainly wish best of his abilities. From thence the queen came to France (for such good fortune may fall to your children rather than to the Eng she styled herself queen of Naples, Sicily, la Puglia, Calabria, and lish.'" "My good aunt," replied the duke of Burgundy, "I return Jerusalem,) to wait on the king and the dukes of Berry and Burgundy, you my thanks, and, as a proof that I believe you, I shall allow you to have their advice and comfort: she was accompanied by her two to unite my daughter Margaret with the youth of Hainault." Upon sons, Louis and Charles. The lady was advised by the nobles of such good success, she instantly began to treat of this marriage. her blood to go to Avignon, and entreat of the pope that she might Duke Albert, to whom the proposition was quite new, replied very have possession of Provence, which is a territory dependent on Sicily. courteously, but said, he had not with him those whom he wished to The queen approved the advice, and made preparations for herjour- consult on the subject. "And what advice do you want?" answered ney, carrying with her her eldest son Louis, who was everywhere on the duchess, " when it is a question to act properly, and keep your the road called king, from being heir to the king his father; but these country in peace." " My wife," replied the duke; "for without her affairs were not so speedily terminated as I have pointed them out. I shall do nothing: she is as much interested in my children as I am; and, besides, fair aunt, it will be proper that the nobility of the country be apprised of it." The duchess answered, " Well, God's will be done." She thought the best she could now do was to let C H A P T E R C I I I. them separate in good humor with each other, and desire they would PREPARATIONS ARE NMADE IN FRANCE FOR TIHE RENEWAL OF THE WAR permit her to call them again together in the same city durirg Lent, WITH ENGLAND. THE DUCIIESS OF BRABANT SUCCEEDS IN FORMIN'G A and that they would bring the duchess of Burgundy and madame de MARRIAGE BETWEEN TIIE CHILDREN OF BURGUNDY AND THOSE OF Hainault, with their councils, along with them. HAINAULT. The lady acted in all this so secretly, that very few persons knew DURIN e winter, the French were busily mployed in prepar- anything of the matter, nor why this conference had been holden. DumNG thre winter, the French were busily employed in preparations to send forces to Scotland; but the truces were prolonged be- In this stati the two dukes left Cambray: the duke of Burgundy tween the French and English, and their allies, from Michaelnas to went to the city of Arras, where his lady was, and duke Albert re. turned to his duchess in Holland. The duchess of Brabant returned the ensuing first day of May.'IThey, however, continued their pre- turned to his duchess in Holland. The duchess of Braant returned C5~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~t her own country, and continually wrote to each party, but secretly. parations by sea and land, for it was the intention of the council of to her own country, and continually wrote to each party, ut secretly. France to carry on. the war with vigor in the course of the next She head great difficulty to bring them and their ladies to Cambray, France to carry on the war with vigor in the course of the next summer; and the admiral of France was to sail for Scotland with and labored hard at it; for she was very eager this marriage should ten thousand spears, knights and squires. On the other hand, the take place, to confirm the union and friendship of Flanders, Brabant, duke of Bourbon and the count do a Marche were ordered into and Hainault. The duchess managed so well that the different parduke of Bourbon and the count de la M~arche were ordered into Languedoc, Limousin, and Auvergue, with two thotsand men, to ties and their councils met her and her council at Cambray, where recover certain castles which the English and pillagers held, and was a grand display of pomp, for each was anxious to do honor to the other. The duchess Margaret of Burgundy and the duchess which did much mi-ischief to the country. Great numbers of battle- Margaret of Bru y ate dhe axes were ordered to be madee in Picatrdy and HaIrianiut for the exi Margaret of Hainault were present, and the last very active in this axes were. ordered to be made in Picardy and Hainault for the ex-buiesShsadtatfteywsdtomryhironih business. She said, that if they wished to marry their son with pedition into Scotland; and in Artois, Lille, Douay, and Tournay, much biscuit was made, anid various other stores got ready al the Margaret of Burgundy, John of Bugundy must marry her daughter, bywihtte falftongwudb the bor bteghend coast from Harfleur to Sluys, which was the principal harbor whence y which the ties of affection would be the more strengthened. this armament Twas intended to be embarked. It was much against the inclination of the duke of Burgundy to The duchless of Brabant, widow of Winceslaus duke of Bohemia, marry his children at once and to the same family. He thought it sufficient for his daughter to marry the heir of Hainault, and excu.d by whose death she had lost a companion and much comfort, which had caused her greit grief, resided with her attendants at Brussels. himself for not agreeiig to the marriage of his son John, on account She was much hurt at the troubles which existed in Flanders, and, of his youth. The duke's iitention was to marry him to Catlarine if she had possessed the means, would most cheerfully have put an of France, sister to his nephew the king of France. These treaties end to them; for she was daily hearing how the Ghent mnen were and conferences were, therefore, on the point of being broken; for the duchess of Bavaria declared, a marriage should never take place strengthening themselves by an alliance with the English, who prom- tth hes Bai ecl re a rriaed n tae pe ised them great support. She also saw that her nephew and niece with her children, unless they were both married at the same time of Burgundy, who were in truth her heirs, and among the greatest and this resolution she kept, notwithstanding all they could say to princes of the world, as well by their own heritages as by what they make her alter it. The duchess of Brabhant tcook great pains in going m'inces of the world, as wekl by their own heritages as by what they had in reversions, were very uneasy at these disturbances in Ghent. from one to the other, and in preventing the treaties from being She knew that duke Albert, regent of Hainault, had two fine sons broken off: she at last succeeded, by reasoning properly with the She knew that duke Albert, regent of Hainault, had two fine sons duke and duchess of Burgundy, to bring the affi:ir again under conand two handsome daughters, neither of whom were yet married; de and c ss gu d to the afiaga ude but she had heard that the duke of Lancaster was very desirous to sideration; and it was then a reed that the marriages should take accomplish the marriage of his daughter Philippa, who had been place between the children of the duke of Burgundy and those of n ~~~~~~~duke Albert. borne to him by the lady Blanche his first wife, with the eldest son dk be of duke Albert, who, by his own right, was heir to the countries of This business had been delayed four or five days by an obstacle Hainatult, Holland, and Zealand. which had arisen from the council of the duke of Burgundy, who lady foresawn, that if such an alliance should take place be- stated that duke Albert hadonly a reversionary interest in Hainault, This lady foresaw, that if such an alliance should take place be.s tween Hainahlt and England, the French would be much hurt, and for his elder brother William was then alive, though dangerously ill tween Hainaukt and England, the French would be much hurt, and the fair country of Hainault harassed either secretly or openly, by at Quesnoy, and he might survive his brother, and if that should all those who should pass and repass from France to Flanders. In happen, it was clear hi' other brothers would have the government of Hainsuit, and the children of duke Albert be driven fi'om thence. addition to this, the Hollanders and Zealanders who bordered on the of Haiault, and the children of duke Albert be driven from thence. sea assisted the Ghent men in various ways, of which the duke of This obstacle delayed the marriages a short time, which was em. Burgundy and his council had beei informed. He did not love duke ployed in proving that duke Albert had no other brother but William, and th.at the country of Hainault must descend to him and to his Albert the better for this; not, however, that he was any way to be and that the country of Haiault must descend to him and to his Albert the betterfor this;not, howeer, that: e was anyway to bechildren. When all this was cleared up, there was not any longer blamed for it; for with regard to the Hollanders and Zealanders, as the war in Flanders no way concerned them, he could not, neither delay, but the marriages were concluded and sworn to for William the war in Flanders no0 way ccmncerned them, he could not, neither ought he to have, forbidden the free course of commerce. of Hainault to have for his wife Margaret of Burgundy, and John The good lady having considered all these things, and the dan- of Burgundy to espouse Margaret of Hainault. They were all to remn to Cambray thocaeoEatrinteyrogae135 gerous consequences which might ensue, resolved to bring the duke return to Cambray the octave of Easter, in the year of, grace 138, of Burgundy and duke Albert to a good understanding, and offered to perform the ceremonies of the marriages. herself as guaranty of all the treaties. She was determined also to prevail on the duke of Burgundy to receive the men of Ghent into his mercy. Clerks and messengers were immediately set to work: C HAPTER CLIV. and she managed so well, that a conference was fixed to meet at Cambray on the part of the two dukes. They both assented to it, TiE IH AND THE NOBLES OF FRANCE AND HAINAULT LAY IN GREAT as well as their council, though neither of them knew the subjects?DROVIION OF STORES AT CASIBRAY. THE DUNE OF LANCASTER SENDS this conference was to treat oLt To this conference, which they had EBASSADORS TO THE EARL OF HAINAULT. THE IARRIAGES OF TuE *under their seals appointed to be held at Cambray, on the twelfth CHILDREN OF BURGUNDY AND MAINAULT ARE CONcLUDED. day in the ensuing January, the two dukes came, attended by their THtNGS were in this state when they all left Cambray. The duue councils. The duchess of Brabant came thither also, who was thle of Burgundy returned to the king in France; the duches:a to Arias. mover iRn the business. She first addressed the duke of Burgundy, Duke Albert and his duchess went to Quesnoy ini Hinnhu!t; nnd saying, "lie was thle greatest prince on earth, amid had very fine the duchess of Bra'ant to her own country. Carpenters arid masons,,hidren: she, however, would be more hanpy if they were placed and all sorts of workmen, were instantly sent to prepare hitels iu 'U42 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. the city of Cambray, and purveyors were also ordered thither to lay and received as the prize a clasp of precious stones, whi n thei duchess in vast quantities of provision; it was proclaimed, that every store of Burgundy took from her breast; and the admiral of France and was to be delivered into the city the week before the octave of Easter. sir Guy de la Trimouille presented it to him. These feasts and When the king of France heard of this, he said that he would be amusements continued until Friday, when they took leave of the present at the marriage of his cousins; and commanded his maitres- king after dinner; and the king, the lords and the ladies, departed d'hBtel to lay in there such provisions as was befitting him. The from Courtray. The duchess of Burgundy carried with her, to Arras, palace of the bishop had been retained for the duke of Burgundy, Margaret of Hainault, her daughter-inolaw: and madame de Hainand was already preparing for him; but it was necessary to give it ault carried madame Margaret of Burgundy to Quesnoy. Thus up to the king, and workmen were set to embellish it in a royal ended all this business. manner, as it appears at this day: for never was there a feast in the memory of man, nor for these last two hundred years, that had such grand preparations made for it. The nobility, in order to appear C H A P T E R C L V. with the most pomp and magnificence, were no more sparing of their THE DUIE OF BERRY BETROTHES HIS DAUGHTER TO THE SON OF TiUB money than if it had rained gold on them; and each endeavored to COUNT DE BLOIS. THE DUKE OF BOURBON ASN, THE COUNT DE LA outshine the other. MARCHE ISSUE THEIR SUMMONS TO INVADE LIMOUSIN. Intelligence of these marriages was carried to England, and how the dukes of Burgundy and Albert intended uniting their children ABOUT this time there was a treaty of maiage between ouis de together. The duke of Lancaster (who had nourished the hope that Blois, son of the count Guy de Blois, and the lady Mary de Berry, William of Ilainault would choose his daughter, at least he had s daughter of the duke of Berry. The count de Blois carried his daughter of the duke of Berry. The count de Blois carried his Willam f fainultwoul chosehisdauhter atleat h ha socountessI and his son Louis, well attended by lords and ladies, to been given to understand) was pensive and melancholy at this news; countess and his son Louis, well attended bylords and ladies, to in order to be better assured of it, he determined to send, as embas- Bourges in Brry, where the duke and duchess were waiting for sadors, knights and squires of his household to Ghert, with instruc them, who received them and their company most magnificently. tions tu talk with duke Albert on the subject. When they arrived C t t tal with duke Albert on the subject. When they arrive Eerything was there settled respecting this marriage, and the archo at Ghent, they found there the lord Bourchier, Francis Atremen and bishp of Boues betothed the n the presence of a large compay Peter du Bois, who entertained them handsomely for two or three of nobility of both sexes. The marriage was not solemnized at that days. They then departed and went to Mos in Hainault; from time, because both were very young; but all the contracts and en. thence to uesnoy where duke Albert resided, and weaited on him. gagements were signed, as to its future completion, in the presence thene toQuenoy her duk Alert esidd, nd wite on im.of several great barons and knights. There were, at this betrething, The duke, the duchess, and their children, in honor of the duke of f everal great barons and nights. There were, at this betrothing, Lancaster received the English very politely, and the duke enter- great feasts of dinners, suppers, dancings and carollings; after which, taed them well, as did the lord de Gouvingen. the count and countess returned with their son to Blois. The young The master of the wool-staple of all England, being one of the lady remained with the duchess her mother, at a handsome castle in envoys, delivered his credential letters, and spoke first. He strongly Berry called Mehun sur Yevre.* Lancaster to his cousin dukre Albert, and At this time, the duke of Berry set out for Auvergne, Languedoc recommended the duke of Lancaster to his cousin dukeand Aviat, nd then began on the subjects with which he had been charged. Amongon, to visit pope Clement. It had been before determined that the duke de Bourbon and the count de la Marche should enter other topics, as I have been informed, he asked the duke if it were Limousin, with two thousand men-at-arms, to free the country from his intention to persevere in the proposed union of his children withthEnisthivhoweeplai t fo th e silom those of thle duke of Burgundy. This speech moved a little the the English thieves, who were pillaging it; for there were still some those of the duke of Burgundy. This speech moved a little the z duke's choler, who replied, "Yes, sir, by my faith do I: why do castles in Poitou and Saintonge whose garrisons did much mischief; you ask?1"' Mvy lord," said he, " I nention it because my lord of and, complaints of them having been made, the duke of Berry was Lancaster has hitherto had hopes that the lady Philippa, his daughter, desirous of providing a remedy for them. He had therefore entreated Lancaster hitherto ~~~~~~~his cousin the duke do Bourbon to undertake it, and not to quit would have been the wife of my lord William your son." Upon his cousin the duke de Bou n to undertake it, and not to quit this, duke Albert said, "My friends, tell my cousin, that when he Limouuin or Saintonge until lie should have conquered the castle of maries any of his children, I shal never interfere: he therefore need Vertueil: for it was from that garrison the country had suffered the m.ar..ies any of his children, I shall never interfere: be therefore need.TededeBub acpdthcomnndisd not trouble himself about mine, nor how I marry them, nor with most. The due d Bourbon accepted the command, and isued om, nor when." This was the only answer the English had from his summons for the assembling of his vassals in Moulins in the Bour. whom, nor when." This was the only answer the boEnoishhdfo duke Albert. The master of the staple and his companions took bo is, he first day of June. From thence they marched toward Limoges, and were met by several bodies of men-at-arms. T/he duke leave of the duke after dinner and went to Valenciennes, where they ioes, nd were met by severlbodies of men-atarm. h du lay that night: on the morrow they returned to Ghent. More of de Bourbon had at that time for his squire an amiable gentleman lhem I know not, but I believe they returned to England. called John Bonne Lance,t master and captain of his men-at- i...: themte know nthot tibefixevefo they retuned tof Engancted.kso Easter was the time fixed for the king of France, the dus of Of all the flower of his knights and squires, certainly this squir.;s Burgundy, of Bourbon, the duke Albert with the duchess his lady, well worthy of su a command. the duchesses of Burgundy and of Brabant, sir William and sir John The count do ha Marche was to accompany the duke do Bourbon C, ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~The count de la Marche was to accompany the duke de Bourbon tde Namur, to he at Coundtray. The kring resided in the bishop's in this expedition, and made his preparations in the town of Tours,,de Namur, to be at Courtray. The king resided in the bishop's palace, and each lord and lady at their own h6tels. You may easily imagine, that where the king of France was and so many of his noble., there would also be the flower of his knighthood. The king C H A P T E R C L VI, arrived at Cambray on the Monday by dinner-time. All the nobles SIR JOHN DR VIENNE, ADMIRAL OF FRANCE, SAILS TO SCOTLAND TO CARRY and ladies, having preceded him, went to meet him out of his city; ON THE WAR AGAINST THE ENGLISH AT THE EXPRATION OF THE TaJCE. into which he was escorted, and conducted to the palace, to the sound of numerous trumpets and minstrels. On Monday, the con- AT this period, the men-at-arms who had been fixed on to accom. trasts of marriage were signed in the presence of the king and his pany sir John de Vienne, admiral of France, to Scotland, arrived at nobles. The lord William was to possess from thenceforward the Sluys in Flanders. He was to have under his command a thousand county of Ostrevant,* and the ladyZ Mar1garet his wife was to have lances, knights and squires, and, I believe they were all there: for the whole territory and castlewick of Arquet in Brabant: the duke such was the ardor of those who wished to advance themselves, that of Burgundy gave besides to his daughter one hundred thousand several went with the admiral though they had not been summoned. francs. Thus were the portions settled. The fleet was ready prepared at Sluys, and the stores in great On Tuesday, at the hour of high mass, they were married, in the abundance and good. They embarked arms sufficient for twelve cathedral church of our Lady in Cambray, with great solemnity, by hundred men from head to foot. These they had brought from the the bishop of Cambray, whose name was John, and a native of castle of Beaut6, near Paris, and they were the arms of the PariBrussels. There was a very magnificent dinner at the palace, to sians, which had been ordered to be deposited there. With the which were invited many of the great nobles. The king of France admiral were plenty of excellent men-at-arms, of the flower of knighthad the bridegrooms with their brides seated at his table. Several hood. It was the intention of the admiral to give these arms to the of the principal lords served the king and his guests, mounted on knights and squires of Scotland, the better to succeed in their enter. large war-horses. The constable and the admiral of France were prise; for sir Geoffry de Charny and the others had told the king, seated at table. Sir Guy de la Trimouille and sir William de Namur on their return home last year, that the Scots were very poorly armed. served, with many other great barons of France. There had not I will now name some of those lords of France who went into Scot. been, fr live hundred years, so magnificent or renowned a solem. land. First, Sir John de Vienne, admiral of France, the count de nity seen in Cambray as was that of which I am now speaking. Grand-pr6, the lords de Verdenay, de Sainte Croix, the lord do After this noble and grand dinner, great numbers of lords and Montbury, sir Geoffry de Charny, sir William de Vienne, sir James kmi't s armed and made themselves ready for the tournament. It de Vienne, lord d'Espaigny, sir Girard de Bourbonne, the lord de wsas helid1 in the market-.place, and there were forty knights. The Hetz, sir Florimont de Quissy, the lord de Marnel, sir Valeran de km!~ o' FII'nce tilted with a knight firom Hainault called sir Nicholas Rayneval, the lord de Beausang, the lord de Wainbrain, the lord do d'Espilot. Thuis tournament was very handsome: the tilts were Rinolle, baron d'Yury, the lord de Coucy, sir Perceval d'Ameual, well peiorimed.tsd lasted a considerable time; a young knight, the lord de Ferrieres, the lord de Fontaines, sir Bracquet de Braque. cul~rt isi' Jo-si De~trenne, from near Bealment in Hainault, won the nmont, the lord de Grandcourt, the lord de Landon, a Bireton, sir Guy pnize. This kinicht tilted to the satisfaction of the lords and ladies, la Personne, sir William de Courroux, sir John de Hangiers, sir 0 Ostrevant, or istard of St. Amaond. This was formerly a part of the country of' "Methmun sur Yevre " —four leagues from Bourges. Vaeamniennes. It lies on the borders of Flanders and Artois. —BUDEaNSB. t " Bonne Lance." I suspect this is a noam de guerre, for no mention, b:,made of el t i. iFnot Ath. under this name in the life of the duke. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 343 Bery de Vinselin, cousin to the grand mastelr of Prussia, and many Ghent men he put them to death, or had their eyes thrust out, or other good knights whom I cannot name: there were a thousand their hands, ears or feet cut off, and in this state sent them away to lances, knights and squires, without reckoning the cross-bows and serve as an example to their fellow-citizens. He was so renowned sturdy varlets. throughout all Fianders for his pitiless justice in thus cruelly punish They had favorable winds and a good voyage; for the weather ing the Ghent men, that no one was talked of but him in the whole was very fine, as it usually is in the month of May. The truces had country. explired between the French and English, the Ghent men and the... Flemings, and all other parts. War was sought for, as it seemed, in every quarter; and these knights and squires who went to Scotland CHAPTER CLVIII. gallantly wished for it, as they said, with the assistance of the Scots THE DUNCHESS OF ANJOU URGES HER CLAIM TO TIRE rOSSE SSION O PRO. they would make a good campaign, and carry on a successful war VENCE. GALEAS VISCONTI, COUNT DR VERTUS, ORDERS HIS UNCLE BER. against England. However, the English, who had received intelli. NABO ISCONTI TO BE IMPRISONED. gence of this expedition, very much suspected whither it was bound. THUS was there confusion in all parts of the world, as well between the kings of France and England as between John king of Castille and the king of Portugal, for the war there had been renewed. C H APTER CLVII. Madame d'Anjou, who retained the title of queen of Naples and Jerusalem, went to Avignon, where the pope resided, and there kept THE FILLAGERS OF GHENT, SURNAMIED PORKERS, COMMIT MIUCH MISCHIEF. her state with her son Lewis, who styled himself king of Sicily, FRANCIS ATREMEN DEFE.ATS SOME FRENCH TROOPS NEAR ARDEMBOURG. which his father had conquered. The queen had intentions to make TH-E lord Bourchier, who had the government of Ghent by order war on the Proventals, if they did not acknowledge hier as their Tim lod Bureier wh ha th goernentof h'nt y odersovereign lady and put themselves under her obedience. Sir BeE. of the king of England and the captains of the commonnalty, Francis sovereign lady and put themselves under her obedience. Sir Be nard de Ia Salle had already entered Provence and declared war in Atremen, Peter du Bois and Peter le Nuitre, had made every pre- nah e tti ie h od dCocwaalotA paration, knowing the war was to be renewed. They had been r ame. t this time, the lord de Coucy was also at Avignon for he had been confined to his bed for fifteen weeks from a bruise very busily employed during the truce, in strengthening and victual. h cie nhslgdrn necrino osbc.O ing the town of Ghent, as well as the castle of Gauvre and all other ehadre ~places under their obedience,~ his recovery, he often visited the queen, and comforted her muchj as at this pueriod, there were a set of agabonds who had taken he was well able to do. She was expecting the duke of Berry, who refuge in the wood of Respaille, and had fortified themselves in a ws o hi road to Avignon to hold a conference with the pope, to house so strongly that it could not be taken. They had been driven assist her. The king of Francein out of Alost, Grammont and other towns in Flanders: having wasted The king of France and his uncles had sent the lord Louis d their all, and not knowing how to live otherwise than by plunder Sancerre, marshal of France, to Provence, with five hundred men-at they robbed and pillaged any one who fell in their way. The sub- arms, to make war on the Provenqals, if they did not submit to the ject of universal colnversation was these Porkers of la Respaille, which queen. Some had done so, but not all: however, the city of MarAgien, and Lys seilles and the greater part had surrendered themselves to her; but ~~~twood is situated between Regnais, Grammont, Athe cities of Aix and Trascon, and some knights of the country, re. ines. They did much mischief in the castlewick of Ath,' and on the lands of Floberge, Lysines and Anghien; and these pillagers were lands of Flobergie, Lysines and Anghien; and these pillagers were fused to admit her claim to the county of Provence, until she had supported by Ghent. Uniider their countenance they committed been peaceably acknowledged as queen, and her son as king, of la Puglia, Calabria, Naples and Sicily; and they said, that when she many murders and robberies: they entered Hainault, friom whence they dragged people ot of tir beds, and carried them to their should be in quiet possession of the above, all Provence, as was just, fort, when they ransomedo them, and thus made war on all manind. would obey her. The count de Conversano and his son sir John de fort, when they ransomed them, arid thus made wai on all mankind. The lord d Baudrius and d la Mo, cstellan ofth, wtched Luxembourg made war for her in those distant parts, against the The lord de Baudrius and de la Morte, castelian of Ath, watched lr hre uaz.SrJh eBelrmie ihteqen them several times, but hlie could never catch them, for they were lord Charles Durazzo. Sir John d Buei remained with the queen, at Aviganon, as her counsellor. too we?! acquainted with the means of escaping. They were so t Avinon, as her counsellor. much dreaded on the boders of Hainault and Brabant that none At this period, another marvellous event happened at Lombardy, much dreaded on the borders ~~~which was the subject of general conversation. The count do Ver. dared to travel those roads, nor through that part of the country. which was the subject of general conversation. The count de Ver. The due of Bugudy, in consequence of the renewal of the tus, whose name was John Galeas Visconti,* and his uncle were the The ukeof urgndyin onsquece f th reewa ofthegreatest personages in all Lombardy. Sir Galeas and sir Bernabo: war, had reinforced the garrisons of his towns and castles in Flan- greatest personaes in all Lombardy. Sir Galeas and sir Bernabo ders with men and stores. The lord do Guiste~llds was commander vere brothers, and had peaceably reigned and governed that country, ders with mnen and stores. The lord de Guistelle's was commnander in Bruges, nd sir John d Juont in Cortray: for sir Willim d One of these lords possessed nine cities, and the other ten; the city in Bruges, trnd sir John de Juniont in Courtray: for sir William de of Milan was under their government alternately, one year each. Namur was at that time lord of Slays: sir Roger de Guistelle gov- Whir Galeas, the fatr o nt dert, deth a erned Damme, and sir Peter de la Sieple Ypres. Men-at.-arms were en sir ot n e fher of the count do Veus, died, the affecn stationed in all the frontier towns of Flanders by order of the duke tions of the uncle for i nephew were much weakened; and sir Galeas suspected, that now his father was dead, his uncle Bernabo of Burgundy. Sir Guy de Pontarlier, marshal of Burgundy, reof Burgundy. Sir Guy d Pontarier, marshal of Burgundy, re- would seize his lordships, in like manner as sir Galeas, -his father, mained in garrison in the town of Ardemnbourg, with sir Rafflart deo Flandies, sir John de Jumont, sir Henry du Coing, the lord de Mon- "and uncle Bernabo had done to their brother sir Matthew, whom they Flandries, sir John do Jumaont, sir Henry dii Cuing, the lord do Monhad put to death. The count de Vertus was very.supicious, and tigny in Ostrevant, the lord de Longueval, sir John de Bernecte, sir put to death. The count d Vetus was very supicious, and Peter d Bailleul, Belle-Fouriere, Pheipot Ganey, Raoulin d plainly showed that he had his fears of this event taking place. HowPeter de Bailleul, Belle-Fourriere, Phelippot Ganey, Raoullin de laevrbyhsatosndtecpueemdhervdhielte Folio, and several more, to the amount of two hundred combatants. ever, by his actions and the capture he made, he proved himself the IFotie, and several' more, to the amount of two hundred combatants. more subtle of the two. I will relate the circumstance. They determined among themselves to make an excursion into th more subtle of the two. I will relate the circumstance. Quatne Mesteirs and ravage that country, for much provision was Sir Bernabo heavily oppressed that part of Lombardy of which he carried from thence into Ghent. They, therefore, having fixed on was lord, and taxed his vassals, two or three times a.year, a half or a third of their wealth; but none dared to murmur against him. Sir a day for this enterprise, armed themselves and marched thither. Galeas count do Vertus, to acquire popularity and praise, did not The same day that the French had fixed on their expedition, about two thousand determined men had sailed out of Ghent under the levy any taxes on his possessions, but simply lived on his rents. This command of Francis Atremen: accidentally they found themselves mode he had followed for five years, eversince the death of his father,,. in a village in the midst of the French. When they had reconnoi- which gained him so much the love of the Lombards, that they all prised him, and lived happily under him; while,,on the sontrary~,, tred each other, they saw a battle was unavoidable. The French praised i, and lived happily under him; hileon the ontrary,. instantly dismounted, and, grasping their lances, advanced on the they abused underhand sir Bernabo, who would not leave them any., thing. The count de Vertus (who had formed his plan, and was. enemy: the Ghent men, who were as numerous, did the same. The thing. The count d Veus (who had formed his plan, and was cmb bega sharply; but the Ghent men advnced into a pass cting accordingly, from the suspicions he had of his uncle, and, as, combat began sharply; but the Ghent men advanced into a pass some said, from appearances having been manifested, that confirmed which was much to their loss, where the battle was more severe: many gallant deeds wee dne, and many beat down. Sir Raffrt them) issued a secret summons to those in whom he confided thedoa Flamdes in tesat place showead the greatest courage; and the most: to some of whom he revealed his plan, but not to all, lest itde Fiendres in that place showed the greatest courage; and the knights and squires engaged the Ghent men with determined valor, should he sade public. A day had been appoiited by sir Bernabo to make an excursion of pleasure fr'om one of his castles to another. as indeed it behooved them to do, for quarter was given to none. At to mae an ecusion of plesure fom one of his stles to anther lst the Ghent me, by having superior numbers, gained the field, Upon this, his nephew placed three ambuscades on the road sir Ber. last the Ghent men, by having superior numbers, gained the field, and the French were obliged to mount their horses or they would nabo was to take; so tsat it was not possible but he must fall into have been slain, or eir opponents much outnubered the. In one'of them. He had ordered that he should be made prisoner, and have been slain, for their opponents much outnumbered them., In lsheadtoosineapfn. 3- on no account killed, uneshmaetobtinaeadfne this enicounter were killed sir John de Bernecte, sir Peter de Bail on no account killd, unless he madc too obstinate a defence. leul, Belle-Fourriere, Pheoippot de Ganey, Raoullin de ha Folie, and Thus as sir Bemnabo was nidib from one town to another, mismany others: the more the pity. The rest were obhiged to fly and trusting no evil, nor aisy way thinking of his nephew, but consider-. re~nter Ardeinboung, or they must inevitably have been killed. ing himself as perfectly safe, he entered one of the ambuscades, when After this event, the viscount de Meaux was sent with all his the men planted in imbush instantly advanced to him full speed and with lances in their rests. Sir Bernabo had a German knight with men-at-arms to garrison Ardembourg, which he repaired and stren~gt~h. ened. He lied with him several knights andl squires who were good him, who cried out, "My lord, save yourself! for I see people of a-. determined soldiers. At this time sir John de Jumont was great bad mien coming toward you, ad I know them to be persons bebailiff of Flanders, and had been so for the two preceding years. longing to your nephew sir Galeas." Sir Bennbo replied, that "he: He was much feared through all the country for. his great prowess, * John Galeas Viseonti, count of Vertus,'succeeded his father Galeas in the goveruand the dee&s he had performed, Whenever he got hold of any ment ofone-halfofLombardy in 1378. —ED. CHR ONIC L ES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c was not acquainted with any place where lie could save himself, if On the duke's arrival at Niort, he found plenty of men-at-arms they had any evil intentions against him, and that he was uncon- impatient for his arrival. His cousin the count de la Marche, with Bcious of having done anything against his nephew that should make a large body, the viscount de Tonnerre, sir Henry de Thouars, him fly." Those who had been placed in ambuscade continued a.- s6neschal of Limousin, the lords de Pons, de Partenay, de Tours, do vancing toward sir Bernabo. When the German, who was a man of Pousanges, and many other barons of Poitou and Saintonge were honor and knight of the body to sirBernabo, saw them thus approaching his lord, having, the _ sword of his master before him, he instantly io_ drew it out of its scab bard and placed it in the by hands of sir Bernabo ing forward;) and then i ncl' th _ the knight wedrew his own p- to1. man, and put himself a w on his defence. This, -t ( — however, did not avail, T for he as well as sir Bern ta nabo were instantly s re o rounded, and the knight ow was slain, under proh F4i a tence that at the commencement he meant to defend himself; for whose death sir Galeas was afterwards sorely vexed. Sir Bernabo was s ir Ber th e made prisoner without a any defence made by --- him or his attendants, and carried to a castle w where his nepiehw wats, who was much rej.,;ced on his arrival. Thsah same day his wife, and'iENOESE CR0.5BDOWMEN attacking the Bridge of Tasllebourg. The Archers taken fiom contemporary Illumination, andfrom Bpeadeim children that were mar- of their Costumes and Weapons in Sir Samuel Mleyrinck's Collection Goodrich Court. riage able were also arrested, and confined by the lord of Milan, who took possession of all the lordships, castles, there. Sir William do Lignac came thither to wait on the duke, towns, and cities which sir Bernabo hold in Lombardy. His uncle having conquered the castle de s'Aigle, for which the duke felt him. diedr; but I know not by what means, though I believe it self obliged to him. When all these men-at-arms were mustered, was from being bled in the neck, for in Lobardy th undred lances, not including the Getomed to make such bleedings when they wish to hasten the death noose and the lusty varlets: in the whole, two thousand combatants. of any one., News of this was soon spread abroad: some were They then held a council whither they should turn their arms; to pleased at it, others vexed; for sir Bernabo had in his time done Bertueil, Taillebourg, d or Montlieu.t After having well considered >o many acts of cruelty, and without reason, that few pitied him, each situation, they determined to march to Montlieu, because it was saying, he had well deserved it. This was the end of sir Bernabo Vis- a strong castle near the moors of Bordeaux; and, if they should suce conti, who had reigned most powerfully in Lombardy. aeed in taking it, the others would be weakened, and none able to quit Bordeaux without their knowledge. They marched through the Angoumois, and on arriving at iMont CHAPTER CLIX. lieu, prepared for the siege. Sir James Poussart and John Bonnelance were the leaders of the duke of Bourbon's men-at-arms, and WILLIAM DE LIGNAC, SENESCIIAL OF SAINTONGE FoR THE KING OF FRANCE, of the whole army. They were not long besieging Montlieu before CONQUERS FROM THE ENGLISH TiE CASTLE OF AIGLE. TIE ARIIMY OF they made ready their ladders and other things, necesary for an THE DUKE OF BOURBON TAKES MONTLIEU AND THE BRIDGE OF TAILLE- athec k They surrounded the castle and began the assarilt, but BOURG, WHILE BESIEGING THAT PLACE. those w in defended themselves vigorously. The combat was WE will now return to the army which the duke of Bourbon and.harp, long continued, and many gallant deeds were done; for the the count do la Marche conducted into Poitou ard Limousin. The French mounted their ladders with rapidity, and fought hand to hand duke left Moulins in the Bourbonnois, end marched with a handsome on the battlements with their daggers: in short, they exerted them. company of knights and squires to accomplish his expedition, at- selves so much that the castle was fairly won by storm, and most tended by John do Harcourt his nephew. The duke of Bourbon had within perished. issued his special summons for those of Berry, Auvergne, Poitou, When the lords of France had got possession of Montlieu, they Rouergue, Saintonge, and Limousin, to assemble at Niort, twelve reinforced it with a new garrison and stores, and then took the road leagues from Poitiers. While this arny was assembling, sir William to Taillebourg on the Charente. Dinandon de la Perato, a Gascon, de Lignac, a valiant knight and s6neschal for the king ofFrance of was governor of this fortress, an able man-at-arms, who held the Saintonge, and governor of Millau,t resided in that country. He French cheap. When they came from Taillebounrg, the dulte of advanced into the Angoumois with all his Bmen-at-arms, to the amount Bourbon and his company took two small forts which had much ha. of two hundred combatants, and halted before the castle of Aigle, rassed the borders of Poitou and Limousin, La Froncette, and Arche: which the English possessed, and from this place during the winter and the garrisons were slain, and the castles given up to those of the ad tothe preceding summer, they had exceedingly harassed the country. jacent countries, who instantly razed them to the ground. Sir William, on his arrival at the castle, dismounted, and ordered The siege of Thillebourg was now formed, and four blockr-houses pis men to do the same, when they instantly benan the attack. It were erected before it. Near Taillebourg was a bridge, the Chaowas very severe and of long continuance, for those within it fought roite, which the English and Gascons had fortified, so that no vessel:ifor their lives. Sir William peiformed such gallant deeds as proved from la Rochelle or Saintonge could pass without great danger, unhim worthy of being their leader. He did not spare himel f, and lss by pay i ing toll. The French lords determianed to gain this showed how they ought to attack it. The place was at last taken i bridge, to facilitate their other attacks, and to be in greeter security -all that were found there, or put them to the sword. This first con- armed to ascend the Charente from le Rochelle, in which they had quest this season was made by sir Wi;Villiam do ignac, as he was Iplaced large bodies of croess-bows and Genoese, to skirmish with waiting for the duke of Bourbon and his army. those at the bridge. The attack was severe, for the English and Gascons had well fortified the bridge, and they defended it with * 3[3ernattack. hery his nephew on the 6th of May and died on the auth of ue~cembsr, 1385.-WHEu. *S Taillehourg" a town in Saintonge on the Charente, three levgues from Sheat wa W "willano" Q ifrn t thllacr which is hi these darts. p "Mog ontlie d, a village in Saintonge, election ofrSaites. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 345 spirit, as it behooved them to do, for they were vigorously attacked time the king was not in Edinburgh, but in the Highlands* of Scotby land and water The eldest son of the count de Harcourt, named land: his sons received them handsomely, telling them the king John, was made a knight at this assault, by his uncle the duke of would shortly be there. Bourbon, and displayed his banner. They were satisfied with this information, and the lords and their This attack on the b.ridge of Taillebourg was long continued: men lodged themselves as well as they could in Edinburgh, and many gallant actions were performed; but the cross-bows and Ge- those who could not lodge there were quartered in the different vilnoese in the vessels shot so ably, that those on the bridge scarcely lages thereabout. Edinburgh, notwithstanding it is the residence of dared to appear and defend themselves. Why should I make a long the king, and is the Paris of Scotland, is not such a town as Tournay tale of this? The bridge was carried by storm, and all found there or Valenciennes; for there are not in the whole town four thousand slain or drowned: not one escaped. Thus did the French gain the houses. Several of the French lords were therefore obliged to take bridge of Taillebourg. Their siege was carried on more eagerly for up their lodgings in the neighboring villages, and at Dunfermline, this. Taillebourg is situated three leagues from St. Jean d'Angely, Kelson,t Dunbar, Dalkeith, and in other villages. anid two from Saintes, in the finest country in the world. News was soon spread through Scotland, that a large body of Dinandon, and those in the castle, were much astonished and men-at-arms from France were arrived in the country. Some began vexed at the capture of the bridge; and they had reason, for they to murmur and say, "What devil has brought them here? er who lost by it the passage of the river. However, they would not sur- has sent for them? Cannot we carry on our wars with England render; for they felt themselves in a strong place, and expected without their assistance? We shall never do any effectual good as succors from Bordeaux, as it had been currently reported on the long as they are with us. Let thei be told to return again, for we borders of the Bordelois, and confirmed by all the English and Gas- are sufficiently numerous in Scotland to fight our own quarrels, and con garrisons, that the duke of Lancaster or the earl of Buckingham, do not want their company. We neither understand their language was to arrive at Bordeaux with two thousand men-at-arms and four nor they ours, and we cannot converse together. They will very thousand archers, to combat the French and to oblige them to raise soon eat up and destroy all we have in this country, and will do us all their sieges: in this they placed great hopes, but it turned out more harm, if we allow them to remain among us, than the English otherwise, as I shall tell you. could in battle. If' the English do burn our houses, what conseIn truth, before the army under the command of the admiral of quence is it to us? we can rebuild them cheap enough, for we only France was prepared to sail for Scotland, it had been ordered in require three days to do so, provided we have five or six poles and England that the duke of Lancaster, sir John Holland, brother to the boughs to cover them." Such was the conversation of the Scots on king, sir Thomas Percy, sir Thomas Trivet, the lord Fitzwalter, sir the arrival of the French: they did not esteem them, but hated them William Windsor, sir John Silbain, and other barons and knights to in their hearts, and abused them with their tongues as much as they the amount of a thousand lances and three thousand archers, should could, like rude and worthless people as they are. sail for Bordeaux, and remain there the whole summer, to reinforce I must, however, say that, considering all things, it was not right Mortaigne, Bouteville, and those castles which held out for them in for so many 6f' the nobility to have come at this season to Scotland: Gascony and Languedoc: they were to fight with the French, should it would have been better to have sent twenty or thirty knights from they find them in the country; and, after having remained there a France, than so large a body as five hundred or a thousand. The season, they were to march to Castille by way of Bayonne and Na- reason is clear. In Scotland you will never find a man of worth: varre, for there was a treaty between them and the king of Ntvarre. they are like savages, who wish not to be acquainted with any one, All this had been settled in the imaginations of the English, but and are too envious of the good fortune of others, and suspicious of it proved a disappointment; for, when they learned for a truth that losing anything themselves, for their country is very poor. When the admiral of France with a thousand lances of chosen knights and the English nmake inroads thither, as they have very frequently done, sqoires were preparing to sail for Scotland, their counsels were they order their provisions, if they wish to live, to follow close at changed, and none dared to think of quitting their country, nor of their backs; for nothing is to be had in that country without great weakening their forces: for they much dreaded the consequences of difficulty. There is neither iron to shoe horses, nor leather to make this junction of the French with the Scots. There was also a report harness, saddles or bridles: all these things come ready made firom at this time, that England was to be attacked in three different parts Flanders by sea; and, should these fail, there is none to be had in by the French. One expedition was from Brittany, as it was said the country. that the duke of Brittany was become a good Frenchman; another When these barons and knights of France, who had been used to firom Normandy, where the constable of France was making his pre- handsome hotels, ornamented apartments, and castles with the good parations at Harfleur, Dieppe, and all along the coast as far as St. soft beds to repose on, saw themselves in such poverty, they began Valery and Crotoy; the third from Scotland. From fear of this, the to laugh, and to say before the admiral, "What could have brought government of England would not allow any knights or squires to us hither? We have never known till now what was meant by quit the country, but attended to the fortifying of their harbors. At poverty and hard living. We now have found the truth of what our this season Richard, earl of Arundel, admiral of the English sea, fathers and mothers were used to tell us, when they said,' Go, go, was cruising with sixty or fourscore large vessels, armed and fitted thou shalthave in thy time, shouldst thou live long enoughll, hard beds with men-at-arms and archers: he had, besides, nine light vessels and poor lodgings;' all this is now come to pass." They said also off Normandy to gain intelligence, among themselves, "Let us hasten the object of our voyage, by adWe will leave for a while the duke of Bourbon and the siege of vancing toward England: a long stay in Scotland will be neither Taillebourg, which lasted upward of nine weelks, and relate how the honorable nor profitable." The knights made remonstrances re. admiral of France, with the army under his command, landed in specting all these circumstances to sir John de Vienne, who appeased Scotland, and what a handsome reception, in appearance, they met them as well as he could, saying, "My fair sirs, it becomes us to with from the country. wait patiently, and to speak fair, since we are got into such difficul. ties. We have a long way yet to go, and we cannot return through England. Take in good humor whatever you can get. You cannot C H A P T E R C L X. always be at Paris, Dijon, Beaune or Chalons: it is necessary for SIR Rotqs DE vIENNME, ADMIRAL OF FRANcE, ARRIVES IN SCOTLAND WITH those who wish to live with honor in this world to endure good and evil." HIS ARMY. HE MEETS WITH BAD TREATMENT THERE. By such words as these, and others which I do not remember, did Tum French army that was bound for Scotland had very favorable sir John de Vienne pacify his army in Scotland. Hle made as much winds, for it was in the month of May, when the weather is temper- acquaintance as he could with the Scottish barons and knights: but ate and agreeable. They coasted Flanders, Holland, Zealand, and he was visited by so very few it is not worth speaking of; for, as I Friseland, and advanced until they approached so near Scotland as have said before, there is not much honor there, and they are people to see it; but before they arrived there an unfortunate accident befel difficult to be acquainted with. The earls of Douglas and Moray a knight of France and an expert man-at-arms, named sir Aubert were the principal visitants to the lords of France. These two lords l'Angers. The knight was young and active, and to show his agil- paid them more attention than all the rest of Scotland. But this was.ty he mounted aloft by the ropes of his ship completely armed; but, not the worst, for the French were hardly dealt with in their pur. ris feet slipping, he fell into the sea, and the weight of his armor, chases; and whenever they wanted to buy horses, they were asked, which sunk him instantly, deprived him of any assistance, for the for what was worth only ten florins, sixty and a hundred: with diffi.ship was soon at a distance from the place where he had fallen. All culty could they be found at that price. When the horse had been the barons were much vexed at this misfortune, but they were forced bought there was no furniture nor any housings to be met with, nn. to endure it, as they could not any way remedy it. less the respective articles had been brought with them firom Flann. They continued their voyage until they arrived at Edinburgh, the ders. In this situation were the French: besides, whenever theii capital of Scotland, where the king chiefly resides when he is in that servants went out to forage, they were indeed permitted to load their part of the country. The earls of Douglas and Moray, from the in- horses with as much as they could pack up and carry, but they were formation they had received, were waiting for them in Edinburgh; way-laid on their return, and villainously beaten, robbed, and sonie. and as soon as they were come, hastened to meet them at the harbor, times slain, insomuch that no varlet dared go out foraging lor fear of and received them most amicably, bidding them welcome to their death. In one month the French lost upward of a hundred varlets' country. The Scots barons instantly recognized sir Geoffr'y de for when three or four went out foraging not one returned, in such a Charny, for he had resided full two months with them last summer hideous manner were they treated. in Scotland. Sir Geoffiry made them acquainted, as he very well E I.n S sa'svags EsCsssc." knew how, with the admiral and the barons of France At that tson"-Q. Kelso would have been too fa distant. 346 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. With all this the king required many entreaties before he would war-cries, andfound the knight and squire, with the three pikemen, come forward: the knights and squires of Scotland were the cause defending the walls most gallantly. When Francis Atremen and the of this, for they declared, they would not at this season wage war Ghent men found their scheme had failed, they called back their with England, that the French might pay more dearly for their com- men and retreated in a handsome manner into the Quatre Mestiers. ing. Before the king would come to Edinburgh, it was necessary The garrison were more attentive in guarding their town for the to pay him a large sum of money for himself and his courtiers. Sir future, and in posting their sentinels. They honored greatly their John de Vienne engaged, under his seal, that he would never quit five defenders; for, if they had not been there, Ardembourg had been Scotland until the king and his people were perfectly satisfied: for, lost, and all their throats cut. had he not done so, he would not have had any asiistance from the Scots. He was obliged to make this bargain or a worse; but however advantageous it was for them, and whatever affection he gained CHA T R CXII. by it, they made the war solely profitable for themselves, as I shall relate in this history. At present I wish to return to what was pass- LEWIS OF FRANcE, BROTHER TO KING CHARLES VI. IS MARRIED BY PRO. ing in Flanders, and to speak of the marriage of the young king of CURATION TO MARGARET OF HUNCARY. MADAME DE BRABANT CAUSES Fra~nce, which happened at this period. THE DAUGHTER OF DUKE STEPHEN OF BAVARIA TO COME TO FRANCE TO MARRY KING CHARLES. You have before heard how the duke of Anjou, who styled him. ~~~~CHAPTER CLXI. ~self king of Naples, Sicily, and Jerusalem, had carried on a war for three years in la Puglia, Calabria and Naples, against Charles de EE TOWN OF ARDEMBOURG* NARROWLY ESCAPES BEING TAKEN BY SUIR- Durazzo, and that during the last war he had died.* His opponent IFRISE BY FRANCIS ATREMEN AND HIS GHENT MEN. was dead also. It was said he was killed in Hungary with the conAFTER the defeat of the detachment of sir Rafflart de Flandres, sent of the queen; for, after the death of the king of Hungary, being which he had led into the Quatre Mestiers, sir Robert de Bethune, the son of his brother, he wished to maintain that the kingdom had viscount de Meaux, came to Ardembourg, whither he had been sent devolved on him, as the king of Hungary had left no male issue. to garrison it. He found there sir John de Jumont and his compan- The queen, suspecting his intentions to disinherit her daughter, had ions: he had also brought with him rbout forty knights, who were him put to death.t This event caused much wonder everywhere; eager to meet with adventures. On the viscount's arrival, he began and the war of the queen of Naples and her son Lewis, who resided eage to eet itl advnturs. il the visount's arrival, he begana in Avignon, was more strenuously carried on in Provence. to repair and strengthen the fortifications of the town. Francis in Av ignon, was more strenuously carried on in Provence. Atremen and those of Ghent were constantly devising plans to annoy During the lifetime of thelate king of Hungary, the great barons their enemies, and do them mischief. Their attention was particu- and prelates had advised that the eldest of his daughters, the lady larly directed to places in their neighborhood, such as Oudenarde, Margaret,; who was very handsome, and was likewise heiress to tile Dendremonde, Ardembourg, Damme, Bruges and Sluys. It behooved kingdom, should be given to Lewis count de Valois, brother to the those towns to keep a strict guard and watch well; for in regard to king of France, because they thought he would reside in Hungary, storming and scaling towns, and such like subtleties, these Ghent and the king, hlad he lived, would have followed this advice. men were very skilful and alert. After the decease of the king of Hungary, embassadors were sent About the end of May, Francis Atremen, with seven thousand to France, to the king and his uncles, to notify the wish of the queen armed men, sallied out of Ghent, with the intent to take Ardembourg of Hungary to unite the count de Valois with his eldest daughter. by surprise, and to make all the knights and squires there in garrison This seemed to the king and the barons of France as if it was verl prisoners. They were more desirous to take the governor, sir John desirable, except that it would separate and place at too great a dis dI Jumont, than all the rest; for he had done them much mischief, tance the count do Valois from his family and the powerful kingdom tfI'ance.-O the cout d Vlisfo hifalyand, they poweidrfhl kit arngdom by slaying and taking their people, thrusting out their eyes, cutting of France. On the other hand, they considered it was a grand as off their hands or ears, so that they could not love him. For this well as a profitable offer for the count de Valois to be king of Hunpurpose, they came on Wednesday at daybreak to Ardembourg, gary, which is one of the greatest realms in Christendom. The having with them their ladders ready prepared. Now observe what Hungarians sent by the queen were magnificently received, and large great peril they were in: the viscount de Meaux, sir John de Juramont, presents were made to them. The bishop de Maillerets and John sir Rafflart de Flandres, the lord de Daymart, sir Tiercelot de Mon- de Personne, returned with them as embassadors firom France, who, tigny, sir Perducas de Port St. Marc, the lord de Longueval and sir on their arrival in Hungary, espoused by procuration, in the name of John his son, sir Hugh Desnel, the lord de Lalain, sir Reginald de the count de Valois, the princess Mairaret. John de la Personne Lommie and several more, were sleeping quietly in their beds, trust- courteously lay on a bed beside hers.'They then came back to ing to the watchfulness of the guard: but the guards of the night France, and showed their letterspatent and other public instruments, were almost all retired, and the watchman wazs mounting his post, which gave great satisfaction to all France; and the count de Valois when Francis Atremen and his Ghent men, with their ladders on signed himself king of Hungary for a long time. their shoulders, had crossed the ditches and fixed their ladders to the You have before heard how the duke of Burgundy and duke walls, which the foremost had begun to mount. Albert of Bavaria, lord of Hainault, Holland, Zealand, and Frise. By accident, the lord de St. Aubin and a squire from Picardy, land, had intermarried their children in the city of Cambray, at which called Enguerrand Zendequin, were at this momient parading the marriage the king of France had assisted with great magnificence. town close by the walls: they had with them three picards armed Some seemed to say, as I was then informed, that the same week with pikes. I believe they had been on guard this night, and were the king and all his nobles were at this marriage, there was a secre' then retiring. To say the truth, if they had not been where they negotiation for a marriage between the young king of France and were, Ardembourg must infallibly have been taken, and all the the lady Isabella, daughter of duke Stephen of Bavaria, chiefli knights in their beds. When the lord de St. Aubin and Enguerrand through the means of the duchess of Brabant. The late king of Zendequin perceived the Ghent men mounting by ladders to the France had on his dying-bed ordered, that his son should be married battlements, and that one of them was actually putting his leg over if possible, to a princess of Germany, to strengthen the union of the wall to enter the town, they were very much alarmed, but not so France with that country; for he had seen that the king of England, much as to prevent them defending the place: they saw clearly, that by marrying the sister of the emperor of Germany, had gained by it. if they fled, the town must be conquered; for the Ghent men had The duchess of Brabant was a lady of a very active mind; she conarrived there so opportunely, that they were entering it just between versed with the king's uncles and his council, while in the city of the time of the dismissal of the night-guard and the watchman Cambray, on this subject, explaining to them, that as this young lady mounting his post. was the daughter of a great lord in Germany, and the most powerful "Forward, forward!" cried sir Enguerrand to the pikemen: " here in Bavaria, through him great alliances might be made in that counare our enemies: let us defend ourselves and our town, or it is taken." try; that duke Stephen was so potent, he could well break the pur. They then advanced to the place where they had fixed their ladders poses of the great lords of the empire; for he was as powerful, if and intended entering. The pikemen attaclked him who was about not more so, than the emperor. This object made the council of to enter so vigorously with their pikes, that he tumbled into the ditch. France listen more readily to the proposal: it was, however, carried At this time, the watch was at his post, who, noticing the large bat- on with the utmost secrecy, and very few knew anything of it until talion in the ditches and thereabouts, sounded his horn, crying out, it was settled. The reason for this you shall hear. It is customary "Treason, treason!" The town was in motion, and the knights heard in their beds the noise and confusion, and alsohow the Ghent *At the rustle of Biseglia. aear Bari. men wanted to surprise their town. They were very much aston- lngatri nobles, tired of the government of two women (Eliabetb the wife ~men wantd tosurpiseteirown.They were very much as ton- of Louis, and Mary his daughter) and their favorites, secretly called in Charles of Du ished, and having armed themselves as speedily as they could, sallied razzo, who, in spite of the entreaies of his wife Margaret, whom he appointed ragost of forth against them. Notwithstanding they were discovered, the the kingdom of Naples, set sail on the 4th September, t326, for Signa in Sriaveoia, and G1whent men labored hard to enter the town; but those five men held proctaimed kia by the nobles unanimously, in a diet held at Alba-Ronyal. -o was, however, ia February, ~'5 old styie, or 1i new styte, sot on by assassias sin out valiantly against them for upward of half an hour, and performed plo, blo eueea'o fari a d b the ground by a sbt on the head p loyr~3 by thle queen's favorites, and bTrlnS'k) tk~e ground by a sabre cut on the hlead; wonders in arms, for which they were highly praised. all his attendants were massacred. Chlarles srarvire his wounds, but he was imprisoned The lords now advanced in handsome array; the viscount de at Visgraldi, and on the 3rd of June, 1$S6, poison comoapletedl the work left unfinished by Meaux with his banner before him, sir John de Jumont with his the swsurd.-SustaosaI'e IlallIsed En pennon, sir Rafflart do Flandres and all the others, shuting their Tub is a mistake: the lady's name was Fffasy. not Margaret; Froissart appes4s to have been also misinformed rogarding the proposed alliance between her and the count de Valois, for she Ihad already been betrothed to Sigismond, marquis of Brandenburg, *Ardembourg, ten miles N. E. from Bruges. w vhorn she afterwards married, and no mention is made of it by other historians. —Em CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &. 47 in France, for the lady destined to be married to the king, however and you see, my good uncle, the dangerous situation I am in." " Dear high may be her birth, to be examined quite naked by ladies, whether nephew, do not be alarmed; for, if it please God, she shall be queen,ahe be well made, and have no apparent hindrance to her bearing of France, and you stand acquited of blame, an/ retain the affections 2hildren. As this lady was to come from so distant a cuntry as of your brother." They remained at Quesnoy for three weeks, during Bavaria, they were ignorant if she would be agreeable to the king, which time the duchess, who was very able, tutored the young lady or otherwise everything would be broken off. These were the rea- of Bavaria, as to her manners and appearance; and did not allow sons why this affair was kept so secret. About Whitsuntide the her to keep the clothes she then wore, as being too plain and simple ~-oung lady was brought to the duchess in Brabant, who received her for the French fashions, but had her dressed up and adorned as if cordially, and accustomed her to the usages in France. She was she had been her own child. When all had been properly prepared, accompanied by duke Frederick of Bavaria, her uncle, by whom, in the duchess and her daughter, the future duchess of Burgundy, set truth, this marriage was first moved, for the causes which I will ex- out in great magnificence for Amiens, with the young lady, where plain to you. the duchess of Brabant was already arrived, as were the king, the When duke Frederick was before Bourbourg, in the service of duke and duchess of Burgundy, and the council. the king, he was much feasted by the king's uncles, and the other no- The lord de la Riviere, sir Guy de Trimouille, with many barons bles, for having come two hundred leagues to serve France. They and knights, went out of the city of Amiens to meet the company considered his services as very great; and he always quartered near from Hainault, whom they escorted into town with many honors, and the king, out of affection to him, and had the greatest respect paid they visited each other out- of love and affection. But the king could him. When he left Bavaria, he thought that there must be a pitched hardly close his eyes that night from the desire of seeing her who nattle, between the kings of France and of England, either in France was afterwards his spouse. He asked the lord de la tiviere when or Flanders, for such had been the current report in Germany. The he should see her. This question much amused the ladies. And king of France and his uncles were very thankful for his coming. on the Friday when the young lady was dressed for the occasion, It happened, that during the expedition to Bergues and Bourbourg, the three duchesses presented her to the king. She instantly kneeled the king's uncles and other nobles, in amicable conversation, had down very low, but the king directly raised her up by the hand, and asked him if he had no daughters to marry? for they wanted a wife continually kept his eyes upon her: so that from that time love and for the king of France; and they would prefer marrnying him to pleasure pierced his heart. Bavaria than elsewhere, Bavaria having formerly been in the coun- The constable, observing what passed, said to the lord de Coucy, cils of France. Duke Frederick, in reply to this speech, said he had "By my faith, this lady will remain with us: the king cannot take none himself, but that his brother, duke Stephen of Bavaria, had a his eyes off her." When the ladies had remained some little time very handsome one. " And how old is she?" demanded the king's with the king, they took leave of him, and carried back the damsel uncles. "' Between thirteen and fourteen," replied the duke. Then, But as the intentions of the king were not known, the duke of Bur. said the uncles, "Tihis is what we want. Do you, on your return to gundy charged the lord de la Riviere to sound him when he retired Bavaria, talk with your brother, and conduct your niece, as if in pit- to his closet, which he diligently did, by saying, " Sire, how do you grimnage, to St. John at Amiens, and the king shall be placed beside like this young lady? will she remain with us?" "Yes, by my her. Should he find her handsome, we hope he will be desirous of troth, will she," replied the king; "for she pleases us, and you will her, for ho loves beauty; and if he appear eager for her, she shall tell my good uncle of Burgundy to hasten the business." be queen of France." This was the beginning of the business, and When the lord de la Riviere heard these words, he repeated them neither inore nor less was said on the subject. The king of France to the duke of Burgundy, who announced them to the ladies; and was ignorant that anything had been mentioned respecting his they were so well pleased thereat, they began carrolling. The man'is~rl. whole court were joyous on the occasion; and it was intended by Duke: JFrederick, on his return to Bavaria, repeated these words to the king's uncles to celebrate the feast at Arras, but it did not please his b-rother, who pondered some time on them, and thus answered, the king to go further. IHe entreated his uncle to make every haste, "Fair brother, I believe such speeches have been made to you, and for he assured him that he wished no delay, but was anxious to that mrly daighter would be very fortunate if such a high honor as to have the business completed in the good city of Amiens. " Very become the queen of France should fall to her lot but the distance well, my lord," replied the duke, "it shall be done as you order." is great from hence, and it is a matter of great consideration to at- The duke of Burgundy, in company with the constable, sir Guy tempt the making a queen. I should be exceedingly vexed if, after de la Trimouille and several others, waited on madame de Hainault, having carriedl my daughter to France, she should be returned to me: and found her niece seated beside her. The duke related all that and I would rather marry her at my leisure, nearer home." Such had passed, adding that the king had made him alter his intention was the answer duke Stephen gave his brother, with which he was as to the place where the marriage ceremony was to be performed; contented: and he wrote the substance of it to the uncles of the king, for he was so deeply smitten, that he had owned he could neither to his own uncle, duke Albert, and madame de Brabant, to whom sleep nor take and repose on account of her whomn he wished for he hd communicated the business osn lis return home. They thought his wife, but on the morrow they would cure all his ailings. The he had been too indifferent about it, and had made overtures else- duchess went out in a fit of laughter, and they separated from each where, on the subject of the king's marriage. A match was shortly other with much joy and satisfaction. after proposed between the king and the daughter of the duke of Lorraine: she was a very handsome lady, and nearly of his own age: of' high birth, being of the family of Blois. The duke of Lancas. CHAPTER CLXIII. C, ~~~~~~~~CHAPTER CLXIII. ter's daughter, afterwards queen of Portugal, was also talked of, but this could not be brought about on account of the war: the affair was ACIS ATEMEN TKES AME. TOSE OF US TTEMPT TO therefore at a stand. RETAKE IT. Tihe duchess of Brabant, when at these marriages at Cambray, and ON a Saturday night, Francis Atremen marched with seven thou. the king and his court present, brought this subject again on the sand men from the Quatre Mestiers, whither he had retreated after carpet, saying, that a union with Bavaria was the most desirable for the failure of his attempt on Ardembourg: he had promised his the king, on account of the alliances that might be formed with the townsmen, on his departure, that he would never return until he'td Germans. "It is so, indeed, lady," replied the king's uncles; " but taken some good town. The Ghent men were desirous of finding we now hear nothing of it." "Be you silent," answered the duchess, the French employment, so that they should be unable to send more " and I will make much advances that you shall, without fail, have men to the admiral in Scotland, to make war on the English; for it certain intelligence of it in the course of the summer." The pro- was currently reported, that the constable, together with a large body mit;es of the duchess were verified; for she managed so we!!, flthat of men-at-arms and cross-bows, was about to embark to reinforca duke Stephen allowed his brother, duke Frederick, to conduct his those sent to Scotland. niece, a:s you have before heard: and it was given out on the road, Francis Atremen, being an expert man-at-arms, sallied out one thait they were going on a pilgrimage to St. John at Amiens. Every Saturday evening from the country called Quatre Miestiers, and when body believed it; for the Germans are fond of performing pilgrimages, it was dark, advanced to the walls of Bruges, in hopes of taking it, sno it is one of their customs. After duke Frederick and his niece, but could not. When he found he could do nothing, he marched the Iady Isabella of' Bavaria, had been thlree days at Brussels, they toward Damme, and met his spies whom he had sent thither and took leave of the duchess: it was, however, her intention to be at round that neighborhood: they told him he would do well to advance Arnieme: as soon, if not sooner, than they were. to Damme, for sir Roger Guistelles had left it, and only women The.y wenrt through Hainault to Quesnoy, where they found the were there. This was true i for he had gone to Bruges, thinking ilike aid duchess, and William count of Ostrevant and his wife; the inhabitants were able to defend themselves, but in this lihe was by all of whom they were isost graiciously received, for duele Albert disappointed. When Francis Atremen heard that sir Roger de was.~ i::, uncle. They were much surprised at their coming, and in- Gsistelles was not in Damme, he divided his men into two idivis. qmired the reasons of it. " Certainly," said duke Frederick; "I ions, and, taking the smallest, said to the other, "You will advance have had much difculty to persuade my brother; but,, as you see, I to that gate, and make no attack until you hear our trumpets sound: have at 1ast brought him to consent that I should conduct his daughter then attempt the barriers, and cut down and destroy all, and on the hither. On talkng leave, he called me aside and said,' Now, Frede- side we will break down the gate, for we shall never enter the town rich, my fai brothter, you are carrying away Isabella, and upon no by ladders." cermalus osdmitions; for if the lkin of France refuse her, she will be His orders were punctually obeyed. lIe advanced withs the f.r ever ruined: therefore, consider well this business, for should you smaller division, leaving the other behind him: the foremost brng her back, you will never have a more bitter enemy than mc:' marched with ladders through the ditches, where they met with no 34~8 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. resistance, and, having passed the mud, fixed their ladders to the were attacks and skirmishes, unless prevented by short truces walls: on entering the town, they sounded their trumpets and The lord de Clary, master of the ordnance to the lord de Coucy, wa, made for the gates without opposition, for they were masters of thile hit by an arrow* from the town, which caused his death: it was u place, the good people being still in their beds. It was the 17th. pity, for he was a gallantknight. Those of Bruges and Ypres camt day of July when Damme was thus surprised. They advanced to to this siege; and there were present upward of one hundred thou. the gate, and broke all the bars of it with strong axes: those without sand men. The king was quartered between Damme and Ghent destroyed the barriers, and thus all sorts of people entered the town. The lord de St. Py and the lord de Guisteiles were the commander The inhabitants began to be in motion; but it was too late, for of the Flemings: they had about twenty-five lances, and quartere, they wets made prisoners in their houses, and those whom they themselves among them for fear of dissensions. found armed were slain without mercy. Thus was the good town An attack was made on Damme at which all the lords were pros of Damme taken, wherein they found much wealth: in particular, ent. William of Hainault was made a knight by the king's hand cellars full of Malmsey and other wines. I heard also that those of and that day he displayed his banner: during the course of the siege Bruges had brought thither great riches for fear of a rebellion of the he showed himself an excellent knight. The French, by this assault, populace whom they suspected. Francis Atremen was much rc- lost more than they won, for Francis Atremen had with him some joiced on being master of Damme, and said, "Now I have well English archers who sorely galled the assailants: he had also many kept my promise to Ghent: this place will enable us to conquer pieces of artillery, for the town, before it was surprised, was well Bruges, Sluys, and Ardembourg.,' He instantly issued a proclama- provided; and Francis had ordered more thither from Ghent when tion, that not the smallest harm or insult should be offered to the he knew it was to be besieged. noble ladies in the town; for there were seven ladies, the wives of knights, who had come thither to visit madame de Guistelles, who was with child and near lying-in. After having pillaged the town CHAP T E R C LXV. and put to death those who would not join their party, they began CTIZENS AT SLUS ARE BEHEADED FOR TEASON TO TE ECH SOME CITIZENS AT SLUYS ARE BEHEADED FOR TREASON TO THlE FRENCHto repair it. repair it. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~THE; DUKE OF BURGUNDY ACQUIRES SLUYS FROM~ SIR WILLIAM DE NAIMUE, When those in Bruges heard of this, they were much enraged, THE DUIE OF BURGUNDY ACQUIRES SLS FROM SIR WIA D I, and not without cause: they instantly armed and marched to B AN EXCHNGE FO TE LANDS O BETHUNE. Damme, and began to skirmish and attack it: butit was of no avail, DURING the siege of Damme, some of the principal citizens of for they lost more than they gained: they therefore marched back Slays who governed it, were accused of high treason against the to Bruges. You may suppose, when this news reached Ghent, they king of France: they wanted to deliver the town to his enemies, to were much pleased, and considered it as a valiant enterprise, and murder the governor and all his garrison in their beds, and to set also looked on Francis Atremen as a gallant soldier. fire to the numerous fleet of France, which was then at anchor in their port, well filled with all sorts of stores. Before the expedition to Damme, the king of France had intended to follow his admiral to Scotland. These wicked people of Sluys also meant to destroy C H A ~P T ER C~L X I V. the dikes of the sea, and drown all or the greater part of the army. IrNG CHARLES ESPOUSES THE LADY ISABELLA OF BAVARIA. HE BE- This had been bargained for by those of Ghent, and it was all to SIEGES DAMME. have been done in one night: it would have been executed if one Wx wvill return to the marriage of king Charles of France, and of the inhabitants of the town had not overheard the malice they relate how it was concluded. The duchess Margaret of Hainault, were devising. He directly wett to the governor and told him what who had the young queen under her care, on the morning of the was intended, and named the greater part of the conspirators. The wedding dressed her out handsomely, as she knew well how to do, knight was much astonished when he heard of this, and taking with when the duchesses of Brabant and Butrgundy came thither grandly him his garrison, which consisted of about sixty lances, went to the attended by ladies and damsels. These three ladies conducted the houses of the different conspirators, whom he arrested, and sent to lady Isabella of Bavaria in the richest covered cars ever seen, with a separate prisons under a strong guard. He then mounted his horse crown on her head, that was worth all the wealth of the country, and and hastened to the kings tent, before Damme, where the duke of which the king had sent to her a little before. The bishop of Burgundy at that time chanced to be. He related to them all that Arniens performed the marriage ceremony in the presence of the e had heard and done: how near the town was being lost, and his Ahmiens performed the marriage ceremony in the presence of the lords and ladies before-mentioned.* After the mass and othercere army drowned. The king and his nobles were much surprised; and monies thereto appertaining, the king, with the lords, ladies, and the governor was ordered to return to Slays, and to keep his prison. damsels wont to dinner, which was very sumptuous and magnificent, ers no longer confined, but instantly to put them to death, that others nd that day the counts and barons served at it in grand might from them take example. The governor, on his return, had and that day the counts and barons served at it in grand array.thmbeadndhueddtebsis. After dinner, they amused themselves in different manners, which ara'them beheaded, and thus ended the business. ntedinnerd withgreyt aedhmsen tlvesningenther wic The same week, the duke of Burgundy, by the advice of sir Guy continued with great enjoymient until evening; when the king recontinued with great enjoymentu nin de la Trimouille, who had last summer resided at Sluys with a contired with his brid'e..The feasts were continued until the Tuesday following, whei siderable force, resolved to open a negotiation with his cousin, sir news was brought to the king and to his council that Francis Atre- Willian do Namur,to obtain that town by exchange for other men had taken the town of Damme. A herald arrived at the same lands, to add it to the country of Flanders, which lands were equally time from the duke -of Bourbon, who brought letters that Taille- profitable as to revenue. Sir Wiliam de Namur was much displeased bourg, with its castle and bridge, had been subdued, and that the when he first heard this proposal for an exchange; for the town of duke, with his army, was on full march to besiege Verteuil, having Sluys, with its dependencies and sea-rights, was a noble and profitaduk~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~be, wneithne his harmy wals e ton full marctom beisig Vteuirc, hvn already conquered back again in Poitou and Limousin, six fortresses. ble inheritance; it had also devolved to him from his ancestors, which made him like it the more. Notwithstanding this, since the This news rejoiced somewhat the court, and made them indifferent which made him like it the more. Notwithstanding this, since the as to the loss of Damme: but it was determined the king should not duke of Burgundy was desirous of it, he found it necessary to comundertake anything until he had marched to Flanders and retaken ply. It was the intention of the duke, when in possession of it, to Dame. He declared he would enter the Quatre Mestiers from erect there a handsome and strong castle, like to Calais and other Dazmme. He declared he would enter the Quatre M/estiers, fi~om whence this mischief had sprung, ad would not leve any hous places, which should command the harbor of Slays, and garrison ii whence this nmischief had sprung, and would not leave any house wt e-tam n rhr ota oecudapoc i e ummdestroyed. Messengers were immediately sent over the Bingdom with men-at-arms and archers, so that none could approach his teo undestroyed. Messengers were immediately sent over the kingdom with summons for every man-at-arms to be in Picardy by the first of ritories without danger fron them. He said he would build it high August, to march to Damme. This was soon spread throuh enough to see from it twenty leagues at sea. In short, sir William August, to march to Damme. This was soon spread through and. 9 ~~~~~ was so hard pressed by the duke and his council, that he consented to France, and all knights and squires made their preparations for waiting on the king as they had been commanded. the exchange of Sluys for the whole territory of Bethune, which is waiting on the king as they had been commanded. This same day, duke Frederick of Bavaria, duke Albert, and the other baromms took one of the fairest inheritances of the whole country. It was given duke Frederick of Bavaria, duke Albert, and the other barons took t i n ohshis meitl fewrs h uestwr to tdm and to his heirs. Immediately afterwards, the dukre set work leave of the king and departed for their homes, leaving behind the e wo men on the castle he intended to build at Sluys. We wi llow lady Isabella of Bavaria, now queen of France as you have heard. en o the ste h nen d t t s e The king of France, who had sent his summons through the realm, return to the siege of Dame, and say how it prospered. declared he would not return to Paris before he had been at Damme. On the twentieth day of July he set out from Amiens, with the constable and many lords, and came to Arras, where he slept one night. C H A P T E R C L X V 1. On the morrow he went to Lens,t in Artois: men-at-arms were HE TOWN S D daily coming to him fiom all quarters. He continued his march un FRANCIS TREEN AND HIS MEN ABANDON DAME. til he arrived at Ypres, so that by the first of August he was before STROYED BY TIlE FRENCH: THEY ALSO RUIN THE COUNTRY OF THE Damme, and quartered himself so near the town that the arrows QUATRE MESTIERS. flew over his head. THIERE were several skirmishes almost daily at the barriers of Three days afterwards arrived William of IHainault, who was very Damme, where many were wounded and slain. The walls could welcome to the king, and to my lord of Burgundy. The siege was not be approached, because the ditches were filled with mud and laid to Damme in a handsome manner, and Francis Atremen was filth: and, if it had been rainy weather, the army would have had inclosed within it. He behaved very gallantly, for every day there * D. Sauvage's edition says, that the lord de Clary while approachinig the town tn ~ The marriage took place on the 18th July, 135. —E~, view the gums on the walls was struck b'l a quarrel from one of them, not ba an aat" Lens" —four leagues from Arras. row.-E-. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 34? enough to do, and must have decamped whether they would or not: but for the space of one month, during which this siege lasted, there C H A P T E R C LX V I I never fell one drop of rain. They had provision in great abundance; THE KING OF FRANCE LEAVES FLANDERS, AND DISBANDS S ARMY. DU. but the stench of the beasts killed by the army and the dead horses RING TEIE EISAPRSETNGWHEBSDO F aRea THE TIME lIE IS AT PARIS, TREATING 3,ITHt EMBIASSAD)ORS FROl~ corrupted the air, and caused many knights and squires to be so ill M H~~~~~~UNGARY, NEWS ARRIVES THAr THE MARQUIS DE BLANCQUEFORTO and low spirited that they retired to Bruges or elsewhere: the king HUNGARY, NEWS ARRIVES THA THE MARQUIS E BLANCQEFORT t3 H~~~~~~AD FORCIBLY DIARnIED THE HIEIRESS OF HUNGARY. was wont to lodge at Marle, notwithstanding his tents were left HD FORCIBL ARED THE EIRESS OF HUNGARY standing in the camp. It was the intention of Francis Atremen to INTELLIGENCE was brought to the king, while at Artavelle, that the hold out this siege, till the reinforcements which he expected from queen of Hungary had sent the bishop of Vassereul, attended by England should arrive to raise it: for it is certain that Francis, and several knights and squires as her embassadors, who had brought the men of Ghent, had sent to England for assistance. The uncles credential letters to say that they were come to seek for the lord of the king of England would undoubtedly have carried over a suf- Lewis of France, count de Valois, and who signed himself king of ficency of men-at-arms and archers, if the admiral of France had not Hungary, whom John de la Personne, a French knight, had espoused at that time been in Scotland with sd large a force. It was confi- by procuration for the said Lewis count de Valois. This news dentty said, that the constable was to reinforce the admiral with pleased greatly the king and his council, who, being desirous of pro. a greater body: by which means the Flemings were not assisted, perly equipping the young count de Valois, resolved to return to and those of Damme were forced to make a bad bargain of it; for France, saying they had done enough for this season. The king on the 27th day of August, 1385, was the town of Damnme conquered set out from Artavelle the 12th day of September, and disbanded all back again. his men-at-arms, when each returned to his home. The men of When Francis Atremen found, after thle king of France had be- Ghent were much delighted at this event. sieged him for a month, that he was not to expect any succor, and The king went to Cray,t where the queen resided; for, when lie that his artillery began to fail, hle was much cast down, and said to left Amiens to go to Flanders, she was sent thither to hold her court. those of his council, "I wi 1, that all of us friom Ghent.return home: I know not how many days he staid there with her; but, when they but let it be made known to themn secretly, so that none of the town be left it, the king came to Paris, and the queen went to Vincennes, informed of' our intended departure, and attempt to save themselves where she resided a while, for they were busily employed in the with their wives and children, by sacrificing us. They would obtain equipment of the young count, as they were anxious he should have peace, and we should be slain: but I must take good care to prevent furniture and attendants suitable to his rank as king of Hungary this; for we will keep in a body, and go round the town to visit the but things in a short time turned out differently in Hungary, as you guard. We will secure all'The inhabitants, not having arms, in the shall hear.t True it is, that the queen-mother of Hungary took churches, and give them to understand, we do so because we expect great dielight in the idea of Lewis of France being king of Hungary a grand attack to be made to-morrow, and do not wish them to suf- and considered her daughter as married to him. She wished not fot fer firom it. We must tell the guard of the night that we intend to any other but him for her son-in-law; and with this intent she had beat up the enemy's quarters, and the moment we are in thle plain sent the bishop of Vassereul, with many knights and squires, to con. we will spur for the fastest to Ghent." His council replied, that he duct him to his queen. had well spoken. Every man made his preparation accordingly, and It happened, that while these embassadors were on their road to in the evening packed uip tiheir all, and put the women, children and France, the emperor of Germany, who styled himself king of the lower sort of people in the churches: they even ordered thither the Romans, had a brother younger than himself, called Henry de Blanc. ladies of the knights who were prisoners, telling them, that on the quefort.~ The king of the Romans had been informed of the state morrow there was to be a grand attack, and they wished them not of Hungary, of the treaties which had been entered into with the to be frightened: all this was thought -very proper. count Louis de Valois, and that the before-named embassador was The first hour of the night the Ghent men went their rounds there gone to conduct him to Hungary. The king of the Romans loved were none of their townsmen on the walls, but only those of Dalnme. his brother's interest more than his cousin's, had long considered Francis Atremen said to them, "Keep up a strict watch about mid- this business, and had already arranged it in his mind to bring it night; and on no account, whatever you may see or hear, quit the cautiously and secretly about according to his own plan; for, had the battlements, for in the morning we shall be attacked; but I am re- queen of Hungary had the slightest intimation of his intent, she solved this night to beat up their quarters." His words were believed, would have guarded effectually against it: but it was clear she hac for they thought he wavt speaking the truth. After Francis Atremen not. had arranged all his business, he ordered the gate to be opened, and It was known to the council in Germany, that the queen of Hun. sallied forth with those his townsmen from Ghent. They were not gary and her daughter were gone to a castle near the borders of half a league from the town when day appeared, and the inhabitants Germany, to amuse themselves: upon which, the marquis de Blanc. discovered that Francis and his companions were gone off: they quefort set off with a large body of m1en-at-arms, ten thousand a' were much disheartened: but their leaders began to negotiate with least, to lay siege to this castle and inclose the ladies within it. The those belonging to the king, and said they had killed Francis Atre- queen, on perceiving her situation, was thunderstruck, and sent to men the preceding evening. know from the marquis why he thus kept her confined, and what he Several of the town, understanding that Francis Atremen was wanted. The marquis sent for answer, " it was done solely because gone away, and the gate still open, set out from the town as fast as she intended marrying her daughter to the brother of the king of they were able. When this news arrived at the camp, the Bretons France, who was a stranger, and from whom she never could have anti Burgundians, who were eager for pillage, mounted their horses, any comfort;" adding, that "it would be better and more advanand pursued them within two leagues of Ghent: several were slain, tageous for the kingdom of Hungary, if he, who was her neighbor, and upward of five hundred made prisoners; they were not from should marry her, than another, who came from such a distant country Ghent, but the inhabitants of Damme who were running away. as Louis de Valois." The queen answered, that she had never be. While they were pursuing them on all sides, the town, now defence. fore heard one word of his pretensions, and for that reason had conless, was attacked: the French entered it at different parts by lad- sented to her daughter's union with the brother of the king of France: ders, which they carried over the ditches with much difficul:y. When besides, the king of Hungary, during his lifetime, had ordered her so they entered, they imagined they should roll in riches; but they found to do." To this the marquis replied, that " he paid little attention nothing, except poor people, women and children, and great quanti- to what she said; that hle had the consent and good will of the ties of good wines. In spite; therefore, they set fire to the town and burnt almost the whole of it. The king, and duke of Burgundy " This, Isuppose, should be Brandenburgh. were much veied at this, but they could not prevent it. The noble t "Cray." Q. If not Craonne, which is a town in Picardy. ladies were, however, saved, but with some difficulty, from having T There must be some mistake, or perhaps Froissart was mrisinformnned, for I cannot find any mention of tle crown of Hungary bieing offeret to the countde Valois. Undter any harm done to their personll ies. b rne h i M; neath is all that is said of the matter irn the "Art de Vdrifier les Dates." After Damme had been thus regained by France, the king was ArJtay, sarnrmed Isn-.iMasy.-Mary, daughter of Charles tihe Great, was crowned advised to decamp, and to fix his own quarters at a small town two in Albe Royale, or Stul weissembourg, in the year 1318, under thile name of King Mary. leagues from Ghent called Artavelle, and that, during the time hle As she was too young to govern the kingdonm, the regency was given to her mother should be there, the men-at-arms should scour the country of the queen Elizabetl. NiclsolasdeGara ruini aiied tle conliderce ofthe twoprircesses, ruled despotically in their names, insomnuch that it excited great murmurs arnong the Quatre Mestiers, and completely destroy it; because, in former Hungarians. In the sear 185, CCharles le Petit, king of' Naples, at the solicitations ot times, all sorts of provision were sent from thence to Ghent, and tile discontented party, arrives at Buda, seizes tbe government, and caused himself to be more assistance given to that town from those countries than from crowned king of Hungary in Albe Royale the 30th of September, in thle same year. On any others. The king of France and his army marched from before tse 8th ofFebruary fiollowing, he is assassinated in BuDa, by order, and in the presence Damme: he took up his quarters at Artavelle; during which time of Elizabeth. On the list of tMay, 138, John Horwahli, ban of Croatia, surprises the Damme: he took up is quarters at Artavee; durin which time two queens, attended by Nicholas de Gura, while on a journey. lie massacres the last the mnen.at.arms destroyed the country, burning all houses, monaste. before their eyes, drowns Elizabeth the ensuing night, and carries off Mary prisoner to ries and forts which had held out for them. They left not any house Croatia. Sig.ismond, inarsiuis of Brandenburg, flies, o n bearing this, to deliver Mary, whole, and kihied or drove itto the woods all the women sld dii- to whom be was setrothed. He joins her at Albe Royale, whither she had been sent dreu. When the French had completed this destrtiction, tiley were iirarries her at that t own, and is crowned king of Hungnary on the 10th of June, eWhit dren. When the French had completed this destrnction: thley were sunday, being only t;,esty years old. The ban of roatia was this same year arrested ordered to march and lay siege to the castle of Gaure, and after- by his order, ansd expiated Iris crimes by tortures. Mary died at Buda, 1352. Her body wards to do the same to Ghent. But all this ended in nothing. was buried at t'eter-~Varadin.' This should bie Sigeinnsod mnrquis of Brnndenburg; he was a son of the emperor Charles IV. and I]r'othgr rf the emiperor Weusceslaus, and had been betrothed to Mmar en Iris infiuecy. T'lie whsie story concerning the count de Valois is very apocryphal; as other hsstsrian mesntilo~ it. —E., 350 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c greater part of the Hungarian nation, and that he would, by fair strength, and showing his people how to bank it, a stone, shot fronm means or otherwise, have her, now she was in his power." The a dondaine.* by the besiegers, wounded him mortally, and caused his lady was much cast down at these words, but, notwithstanding, held instant death. This Bertrand had escaped from sixteen very dan. out as well as she could; and, though she sent to her subjects to gerous sieges. His companions lamented much his death; but, al come to her assistance, none obeyed, nor did they make the least that was now irretrievable, Andrew remained sole governor. Fifteen movement against the marquis, which plainly showed the Hunga- days afterwards, negotiations were opened, and a treaty concluded rians preferred the Germans to the French. that the garrison should surrender the castle, with all its provisius When the queen found she was not to expect any as. sistance from her subjects, she be -./' gan to e isten to ainin l reason; for the inl c r, l r to L marquis threaten- s ed her, that if she on lya or" suffered the castle from whnc. c to be taken by h storm he would confine her in a tower, where she would have only s bread and water, her, for thea place had come thither AwSa tered into a treaty with the marquis; and in this situae lion she gave him her s aughter,who was directly married, and he inlace stan,tly went to b o come tio her. weesirmishm iy atthtecl of sy Thus did sir ftenry of Bohemia, marquis de KiseG ROBERT OF SCOTLAND and his Nine Sens who loved arms. Designed from Centemperary illustrations. Blancquefort,gain the inheritance of HIingary,.of which he was king rather through force than love, with on being conducted in safety to Bouteville, of which place Drandoy regard to the consent of the queen-dowager; but she was obliged to de la Perede was governor. Thus did the French grim the castle ol abide by this bargain, or worse might have happened. News of this Verteuil, which they afterwards repaired and reinforced with stores, was soon published, and it was sent to the bishop and knights of He on. artilery and men-at-arms. They then marched to an adjoining town gary who were on their return from France; for the count do Valois, called Cares, and when they departed thence, came to Limoges, having completed his arrangements, had proceeded as far on his jour. where the duke of Bourbon remained full eight days. He was adiey u Troyes. ie was much enraged when this event was told ised to return to Paris, which he did, and found the king with his him; but he could not any way remedy it. The Hungariansdeparted nephew the count do Valois, who received him with great joy. very angry, as indeed they had reason; and the young count do Valois We will now return to the affairs in Scotland, and speak of the returned to his brother and uncles at Paris, who, having never do- admiral of France. pended much on this marriage, said, "the count do Valois vas fortunate in having his wife taken from him, for Hungary was a dis- CHAPTER CLXIX. taut country, and out of reach of the French, from whence they could never have had any assistance." These considerations made them THE SCOTTISH ARMY WITH THA OFLTHE ADMIRAL OF FRAICER ENTET indifferent about it, and induced them to think of another connection NORTHUEMTHERLAND TUT THE ENGLISH, BEING ON THEIR MAiSCH T for him. This was the duke of Milan's daughter, heiress of Loi- MEET THEH, TISEY RETREAT WITHIN THE BORDERS. hardy, which territory is more valuable than all Hungary, and nearer You have before heard how the admiral of France, with a large at hand to the French. body of men-at-arms, had landed at the port of Edinburgh, and that We will leave these marriages, and speak of the duke of Bourbon, they found it a very different country from what they had expecte' who, having taken Taillebourg, was in Poitou besiegina Verteuil; from the accounts of the barons of Scotland. The king's council and return to the admiral of France in Scotland, and say how he and other barons had told those knights who had been in Scotland went on. last year, particularly sir Geoffry do Charny and sir Amyaird do Marse, that if the idnesehal, the constable or the admiral of France would cross the sea to Scotland, with a thousand good lances and five CHAPTER CLXVIII. hundred cross-bows, with armor for a thousand Scotsmen and proTE DUKE OF BOURBON TAKiES VERTEUIL IN FOITOU, AND RETURNS TO THE per equipments for the leaders, with their assistance the rest of ScotKING OF FRANCE AT rARIS. laud would make such a fatal irruption into hEngland, it would never DRIy theg wabefore D thei det ofiou recover the blow. With this expectation had the French crossed tLhe DUbINa the time the kin was before Damme, the duke of Bour- sea, but had not fdund these promises realized. In the first pnice, bon, with a handsome, body of men-at-arm, made an excursion into they met with savage people, bad friends and a poor country.; and Poitou and Limousin, where he took many English castles and forts the et t sae peo a fresnd aor cut eucnh as Archeac, Ganate, Montlieu, eight leagues from Bordeaux, thekngsadqien nt w er se ties o foand Taillebourg on the Charente; he then laid siege to Verteuil, a age, for they dared notdo so except in very large artes for fe of the wicked people of the country, who lay in wait for theFn, attacked strong castle in Poiton, on the borders of Limousin and Saintonge. nd lle t Andrew Prior, an Englishman, and Bertrand de Montrinet, a Gas- i on i con, were governors of Vertesail, and had with them numbers of stout the color of sandal wood, which clearly showed is was no vaian companions. There were skirmishes, therefore, almost daily at the barriers, and many gallant deeds of arms done, in which several man, but who would rather renitcn at home than marchto the field were slain or wounded. The duke declared he would not move he had, however, nine sons who loved anrs. On the king's arriva~ from thence until he was malter of the castle, for to this effect had at Edinburh, the barons of France waited on him to pay thein he given his promise the last time le had conversed with the duke of respects, as they well knew how to do: the arlts of Dougias, Morary, BerydMar, Sutherland, and several more, were at this interview. The It happened that whileBertranddeMontretoneofthevern. admiral r'quested the king to fulfil the terms on which they had o~rs, was phonning at ditch to be made within the castle to add to its endaise"-a large machine to threw stene6 from. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 351 come to Scotland; for that on his part he was determined to enter News was spread all over England, how the French and Scots England. Those barons of Scotland who were eager to advance had entered Northumberland, and were burning and destroying it. themselves were rejoiced at hearing this, and replied, that if it pleased You must, however, know, that before this, the arrival of the admiral God, they would make such an inroad as would be both profitable and the French in Scotland was known. All the lords were there. and honorable. fore prepared, and the king had issued his summons: as they as. The king issued his summons for a very large armament: on the sembled, they took the road to Scotland, threatening much the Scots. day fixed for their assembling at Edinburgh, there were thirty thou- The English at this time had made greater preparations than ever sand men on horseback, who, as they arrived, took up their quarters for their expedition to Scotland, as well by land as by sea; for they after the manner of the country, but they had not everything com.- had freighted six score vessels, laden with stores and provision, which fortable. Sir John de Vienne was very impatient to make an excur- followed their march along the coast. The king took the field, ac. sion, and to afford his men opportunities of performing gallant deeds comrnpanied by his uncles, the earls of Cambridge and Buckinghanm, of arms in England; he no sooner saw the arrival of the Scottish his brothers sir Thomas and sir John Holland. There were also the men.-at-arms, than he said it was time to march, for they had remained earls of Salisbury and Arundel, the young earl of Pembroke, the idle too long. The departure was then proclaimed, and they took young lord de Spencer, the earl of Stafford, the earl of Devonshire, their march toward Roxburgh. The king was not with the army, but and so many barons and knights, that they amounted to full forty remained at Edinburgh: however, all his children accompanied it. thousand lances, without counting those of the duke of Lancaster, The thousand* complete suits of armor brought f-rom France, were the earl of Northumberland, the earl of Nottingham, he lord Lucy, delivered to the Scottish knights who were badly armed, and those the lord Neville, and other barons of the marches, who were in purwho had them were much delighted. They began their march to- suit of the French and Scots, to the number of two thousand lances ward Northumberland, which they continued until they came to the and fifteen hundred archers. The king, and the lords who attendel abbey of Melrose, where they quartered themselves on each side of him, had full fifty thousand archers, without including the varlets. the river Tweed: on the morrow, they advanced to Lambir Law, and He hastened so much the march of his army after the duke of Lan then came before Roxburgh. caster, that he arrived in the country about York; for he had had The governor of the castle of Roxburgh for the lord Mountague, intelligence on the road that there was to be an engagemeWt between to whom it belonged as well as all the circumjacent lands, was a his men and the Scots in Northumberland; and for this reason he knight called sir Edward Clifford. The admiral of France, with his had made as much haste as possible. The king lodged at St. John whole army, as well as the Scots, halted before it, and, having re- de Beverley, beyond the city of York, in the county of Durhami, where connoitred it, thought they should gain nothing by the attack, as the news was brought him that the Scots had returned to their own castle was large, fair, and well provided with artillery. They there- country. The army therefore quartered themselves in the county of fore continued their march down the river, toward Berwick and the Northumberland. I will relate an accident that happened in the sea, until they came to two square towers, tolerably strong; in which English army, which caused a mortal hatred between different lords were two knights, father and son, of the name of Strande. A good farm of fine fields of grass, with a country-house, was hard by, which was instantly burnt and the towers attacked. Several feats of arms CHAPTER CLXX. were performed, and many of the Scots wounded by arrows and stones; but the towers were at length taken by storm, and the knights sFR JORtN HOLLAND EILLS LORD RALPH STAFFORD. THE EARL OF STAF. within them, who had valiantly defended themselves as long as they ORD DEANDS JUSTCE FO TEEN. had been able. THE king of England was quartered in the country round Beverley, After the conquest of these two towers, the Scots and French in the diocese of York, with numbers of earls, barons, and knights came before a very strong castle in another part of the country, of his realm; for every one tried to be lodged as near him as possi. which is called Werley;t it belonged to sir John Mountague. Sir ble, more especially his two uncles. Sir Thomas Holland, earl of John Lussebourne was the governor for him, and had in it his wife, Kent, and sir John Holland, earl of Huntington, his brothers, were children, and all his family; for he had been informed that the Scots also there with a handsome company of men-at-arms. ad the French were advancing that way. He had in consequence, With the king was a knight from Bohemia, who had come to pay ully provided the place with men-at.arms and artillery, to the utmost a visit to the queen; and, out of affection to her, the king and barons if his power, in expectation of the attack. The army soon came and showed him every attention. This knight was gay and hanldsome encamped before Werley, situated on a handsome river which runs in the German style, and his name was sir Moles. It happened one tnto the Tweed below it. There was one grand assault on this castle, afternoon, that two squires attached to sir John Holland quarrelled in where the French behaved much more valiantly than the Scots; for the fields of a village near Beverley, for the lodgings of sir Moles, and they crossed the ditches, though with much difficulty; and, having followed him, to his great displeasure, with much abuse. At this fixed their ladders, many gallant deeds were done, for the French moment two archers belonging to lord Ralph Stafford came thither, ascended to the battlements, and there fought hand to hand and who took up the quarrel of sir Moles, because he was a strangerdagger to dagger with the garrison. Sir John Lussebourne showed they blamed the squires for their language, and added: "You have himself a good knight and powerful in arms, by engaging the French used this knight very ill by thus quarrelling with him, for you knew knights as they mounted the ladders. At this attack a German he is attached to the queen and from her country: you would have knight, called sir Alberis Gastelain, was slain, which was a pity; done better to have assisted him than to act thus." "Indeed!" re. many others were killed and wounded. The enemy, however, were plied one of the squires to the archer who had first spoken, "thou so numerous, and the attack so often renewed, that the castle was villainous knave, thou wantest to intermeddle: what is it to thee if taken, and the knight, his wife, and children, who were within it. I laugh at his follies?" "What is it to me!" answered the archer., The French who first entered made upward of forty prisoners; the "it concerns me enough, for he is the companion of my master; and castle was then burnt and destroyed, for they saw they could not keep I will never remain quiet to see or hear him abused." "If I thought, nor guard it, being so far advanced in England. knave," said the squire, " thou wouldst aid him against me, I would After the capture of this castle, and of sir John Lussebourne, the thrust my sword through thy body." As he uttered these words, he admiral and barons of France and Scotland marched toward Amith,t made an attempt to strike him: the archer drew back, and having the estate of the lord Percy, and quartered themselves all around it. his bow ready bent, with a good arrow, let fly, and shot hini through They destroyed several villages, and marched as far as Boul,~ a the body and heart, so that he fell down dead. The other squire, handsome and strong castle on the sea-coast, belonging to the earl of when he saw his companion fall, ran away. Sir Moles had before Northumberland: they did not attack it, for they knew they should returned to his lodgings, and the two archers returned to their lord lose their labor, but continued their march to half-way betwveen Ber- and related to him what had happened. Lord Ralph, when he had wick and Newcastle-on-Tyne, where they learnt that the duke of heard the whole, said, "You have behaved very ill." "By my Lancaster, the earls of Northumberland and Nottingham, the lord troth," replied the archer, "I could not have acted otherwise, if I Neville, with the barons of the counties of Northumberland, York, had not wished to have been killed myself, and I had much rather and Durham, were hastening with a large force to meet them.II The he should die than that I should." "Well," said lord Ralph, "go admiral and barons of France were much delighted at this intelli- and get out of sight, that thou mayest not be found: I will negotiate gence, for they were desirous of an engagement; but the Scots were thy pardon with sir John Holland, either through my lord and father, of a contrary opinion, and advised a retreat toward Scotland, on ac- or by some other means." The archer replied, "he would cheer. count of their stores, and to have their own country in their rear and fully obey him." wait for the enemy on their own borders. Sir John de Vienne wished News was carried to sir John Holland, that one of sir Ralph Staf not to act in contradiction to their wishes, and folldwed what they ford's archers had murdered his favorite squire; and that it had had advised; they did not therefore advance further into Northumber. happened through the fault of the foreign knight, sir Meles. Six land, but made for Berwick, of which place sir Thomas Redman was John, on hearing it, was like a madman, and said he would neithem governor, and had with him a great number of men-at-arms. The eat nor drink until he had revenged it. He instantly mounted his French and Scots came before it, but made no attack, and continued horse, ordering his men to do the same, though it was now very late their road to Roxburgh, on their return to their own country. and, having gained the fields, he inquired fbr the lodgings of si m Moeles: he was told that he was lodged at the rear-guard with the * In c the number ir.~esd lsuldred, which n probe- earl of Devonshire and the earl of Stafford, and with their people. Moe.-E~D. t "Werly."' Q. if not Wart. Sir John Holland took that road, riding up anrd down to find sir Mo.: "Amith." Q. Alawick. ~ "Boul." Q. if not Cornhill. {{ Mr. R~edpath, in his Bordex Hkitory, gives a very short account indeed ofthis expedi- les. As he was thus riding along a very narrow lane, he met thm tion. and of these places; he sdds-." It is said, they took and destroyed the castlhs of lord Raiph Stafford: but, being night, they could not distinguish Wiak Cornnhill, and Ford." CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. each other. He called out, "Who comes here?" He was answered, ruin exerything in Scotland before they returned home, because the " I am Stafford:" "And I am Holland." Then sir John added, Scots had allied themselves with the French. "Stafford, I was inquiring after you. Thy servants have murdered The admiral of France, on learning that the king of England and my squire, whom I loved so much." On saying this, he drew his his army had crossed the Tyne and Tweed, and were now at Lam sword and struck lord Ralph such a blow as felled him dead, which bir Law, said to the Scottish barons, "Why CI we remain here, and was a great pity. Sir John continued his road, but knew not then not reconnoitre our enemies to fight them? Yoi told us, before we that he had killed him, though he was well aware he had stricken came into this country, that if you had a thousand, or thereabouts him down. The servants of the lord Ralph were exceedingly wroth, of good men-at-arms from France, you would be sufficiently strong as was natural, on seeing their master dead: they began to cry out, to combat the English. I will warrant you have now a thousand, if "HIolland) you have murdered the son of the earl of Stafford: heavy not more, and five hundred cross-bows; and I must tell you, that tht will this news be to the father when he shall know it." knights and squires who have accompanied me are determined men Some of the attendants of sir John Holland, hearing these words, at-arms, the flower of knighthood, who will not fly, but abide tht said to their master, " My lord, you have slain the lord Ralph Staf- event, such as God may please to order it." The barons of Scot. ford." " Be it so," replied sir John. " I had rather have put him land, who well knew the strength of the English army, and had not to death than one of less rank; for by this I have the better revenged anydesire of meeting it, answered, "Faith, my lord, we are conthe loss of my squire." sir John hastened to Beverley, to take ad- vinced that you and your companions are men of valor, and to be vantage of the sanctuary of St. John's church, whither he went, and depended on; but we understand that all England is on its march to did not quit the sanctuary; for he well knew he should have much Scotland, and the English were never in such force as at present. trouble in the army from the affection it bore to lord Ralph, and he We will conduct you to a place from whence you may view and was uncertain what his brother the king of England would say to it. consider them: and if, after this, you should advise a battle, we will To avoid, therefore, all these perils, he shut himself up in the sanc- not refuse it, for what you have repeated as having been said by us tuary. wscridis true." " By God, then," said the admiral, "I will have a battle.'News was carried to the earl of Stafford, that his son had been Not long afterwards, the earl of Douglas and the other Scots barons unfortunately killed. The earl asked who had done it. They told carried the admiral of France to a high mountain, at the bottom of him, " Sir John Holland, the king's brother," and related Why, and which was a pass through which the English would be forced to wherefore. You may suppose, that the father, having only one be- march with their baggage. From this mountain, where the admiral loved son, who was a young, handsome, and accomplished knight, was stationed, with many of the French knights, they clearly saw the was beyond measure enraged. He sent for all his friends, to have English army, and estimated it, as nearly as they could, at six thoutheir advice how he ought to act to revenge' this loss. The wisest sand men-at-arms, sixty thousand archers and stout varlets. They and most temperate did all they could to calm hinm, adding, that on allowed they were not in sufficient force to meet them in battle, for the morrow the fact should be laid before the king, and he should be the Scots were not more than one thousand lances, with about thirty required to see law and justice put in force. thousand others badly armed. The admiral said to the earls of Thus passed the night. In the morning, the lord Ralph Stafford Douglas and Moray, " You were in the right in not wishing to fight was buried in the church of a village near the spot where he fell: hlie the English; but let us consider what must be done, for they are was attended by all the barons, Iknights, and squires related to him numerous enough to overrun your whole country and ruin it. Since that were in the army. After the funeral, the earl of Stafford, with we are not able to combat them, I request you will lead us by unfull sixty of his own relations, and others connected with his son, firequented foads into England, and let us carry the war into their mounted their horses, and went to the king, who had already re- own country, as they have done here, if such an enterprise may be ceived information of this unfortunate event. They found the king practicable." The barons told him, it was very practicable. attended by his uncles and many knights. When the carl ap- Sir John de Vienne and the Scots barons resolved in council, to preached, he cast himself on his knees, and thus spoke with tears quit that part of the country and suffer the English to act as they and anguish of heart: "Thou art king of all England, arnd hast pleased in it, and to make an inroad on Cumberland, near Carlisle, solemnly sworn to'maintain the realm in its rights, and to do justice. where they should find a plentiful country, and amply revenge them. Thou art well acquainted how thy brother, without the slightest selves. This resolution was adopted. They marched their men in reason, has murdered my son and heir. I therefore come and de- an opposite direction to the English, through forests and over mounmand justice: otherwise thou wilt not have a worse enemy than me. tains, and laid waste the whole country on their line, burning towns, I must likewise inform thee, my son's death affects me so bitterly, villages and houses. The inhabitants of Scotland carried their pro. that if I were not fearful of breaking up this expedition by the trouble visions to their retreats in the forests, where they knew the English and confusion I should make in the army, and the defections it would would never seek for them. The Scots barons marched hastily cause, by my honor, it should be revenged in so severe a manner through their own country; and the king, not being well enough in that it should be tallied of in England a hundred years to come. For health to accompany them, retired into the highlands, where he re. the present, however, and during this expedition to Scotland, I shall mained during the war, and left his subjects to act as well as they not think of it; for I like not the Scots be rejoiced at the misery of could. The French and Scots passed the mountains which divide the earl of Stafford."* The king replied, "Be assured, I myself Cumberland from Scotland, and entered England, when they began will do justice, and punish the crime more severely than the barons to burn the country and villages, and to commit great devastations would venture to do; and never for any brother will I act other- on the lands of Mowbray, belonging to the earl of Nottingham, op wise." The earl of Stafford and his relations answered, " Sir, you those of the earl of Stafford, as well as on the lands of the baron of have well spoken, and we thank you." Thus were the relations of Grisop* and of the lord Musgrave, and then continued their marcilord Ralph Stafford appeased. He performed the expedition to to Carlisle. Scotland, as I shall relate to you; and, during that whole time, the earl of Stafford seemed to have forgotten the death of his son, in C H A P T E R C L X X I I. which conduct all the barons thought he showed great wisdom. THE IG OF ENGLAND sos EINBUG, AND RET PART O THE KING OF ENGLAND DESTROYS EDINBURGH, AND GREAT rART oF SCOTLAND. THE FRENCH AND SCOTS DO THE SAME ON THE BORDERS AND IN NORTHUMBERLAND C HAP IT E R C L xXI. C H A P T ER C~LXX I. WHmILE the admiral of France and those with him, such as the'THE KlING OF ENGLAND DESTROYS THE ABBEY OF MELEOSE IN -SCOTLAND. count de Grand Pre, the lord de Sainte Croix, sir Geoffily de Charny, THE BARONS OF FRANCE AND SCOTLAND INVADE CUaIBERLAINOT. sir William de Breune, sir James de Boenne, the lords de Peigny, de THE army of the king of England, which consisted of seven thou- Hees, de Marnel, sir Valeran de Rayneval, the baron d'Ivry, the sand men.-at-arms and sixty thousand archers, kept advancing: none baron de Fontaines, the lord de Croy, sir Braque de Bracqueniont, had remained behind, for it had been confidently reported through the lord de Lendury, amounting to a thousand lances at least, of England that sir John de Vienne would give them battle. Indeed, barons and knights of France, with the lords of Scotland and their such irere his intentions, and he had in a manner told this to the army, were thus overrunning the northern parts of England, burning barons of Scotland, when he said, "IMy lords, make your army as and destroying the towns, houses and country; the ting of England, considerable as you can; for, if the English come as far as Scotland, with his uncles, barons and kinights, had entered Scotland, wasting I will offer them combat." The Scots replied, "God assist us!" but the country as they advanced. The English had quartered them. they afterwards changed their mind, selves at Edinburgh, where the king remained for five days. On The king and his army advanced beyond Durham, Newcastle-on- their departure, everything was completely burned to the ground Tyne, and through Northumberland to Berwick, of which sir Mat- except the castle, which was very strongly guarded. thew Redmond was governor. He received him with all due respect; During the residence of king Richard at Edinburgh, the English but the king did not stay there long; he continued his march, and overran the whole country in the neighborhood, and did great misthe xuhole army crossed the river Tweed, which comes from Rox- chief; but they found none of the inhabitants, for they had retreated burgh anI the mountains in Northumberland, and took up his quar- into forts and thick forests, whither they had driven mll their cattle. ters in the abbey of Melrose. This monastery, in all the preceding In the king's army there were upward of one hundred thousand wars e:f England and Scotland, had been spared, but it was now men, and as many horses: of course, great quantities of provision burnt and destroyed; for it had been determined by the English to were wanted; but, as they found none in Scotland, many stores followed them from England by sea and land When the king and his - I — ~~~~~~~~~~~~lords left Edinburgh they went to Dnnfe:rmli ne, a tolerably hanldsomea * The earl cf Stafford, in the 9th tic. II., made a pilgrimage to Jerusa!em, probably ehlo l ~.,o'es, ci' his.unn, a.nd died the ensuing year, on his return, at Rhodes. * "Griaop." Q. Greystocike. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAINR&c. 353 town, where is a large and fair abbey of black monks, in which the These words made so strong an impress.on on the.king, he could kings of Scotland have been accustomed to be buried. The king never get them out of his head, as I shall hereafter relate. On the was lodged in the abbey, but after his departure the army seized it, morrow morning, when the lords of England were preparing for their and burntt both that and the town. They marched toward Stirling march toward Carlisle, in search 6f the French, and to fight with and crossed the river Tay,. which runs by Perth. They made a them, as had been resolved in council the preceding night, the duke grand attack on the castle of Stirling, but did not conquer it, and of Lancaster waited on the king, ignorant of what had passed had a number of their men killed and wounded: they then marched between his nephew and lord Suffolk. When the king saw him, away, earning the town and the lands of the lord de Versy. being peevish and choleric from the preceding conversation, he said, The intention of the duke of Lancaster and of his brothers, as harshly, "Uncle, uncle of Lancaster, you shall not yet succeed in well as of several knights and squires, was to lay waste all Scotland, your plans. Do you think that, for your fine speeches, we will and then pursue the French and Scots (for they had information of their madly ruin ourselves? I will no longer put my faith in you nor in march to Carlisle,) and by this means inclose them between England your councils, for I see in them more loss than profit, both in regard and Scotland, so that they should have such advantage over them, to your own honor and to that of our people: therefore, if you be not one would return, but all should be slain, or made prisoners. In desirous of undertaking this march, which you have advised, do so, the mean time, their army overran the country at their pleasure, for but I will not, for I shall return to England, and all those who love none ventured to oppose them, the kingdom being void of defence, me will follow me." " And I will follow you," replied the duke of as the men-at-arms had all followed the admiral of France. The Lancaster: " for there is not a man in your company who loves you English burnt the town of Perth, which is on the banks of the Tay, so well as I do, and my brothers also. Should any other person, and has a good harbor, from whence vessels may sail to all parts of excepting yourself, dare say the contrary, or that I wish otherwise the world. They afterwards burnt Dundee, and the English spared than well to you and to your people, I will throw him my glove." neither monasteries nor churches, but put all to fire and flame. The No answer was made by any one. The king was silent onr the light troops of the English, and the vanguard, advanced as far as the subject. He only spoke to those who served him, on different mat. city of Bredane,t which is situated on the sea, at the entrance into ters, and then gave orders for returning to England by the way they the highlands, but they did no harm to it, though the inhabitants had come. The duke left the king quite melancholy, and went to were exceedingly alarmed, supposing they should be attacked, and make other preparations; for he had concluded they were to pursue that the king of England was coming. the French and Scots, who had already advanced beyond the bor. Just in the same manner as the English conducted themselves in ders; but, as this was altered, they took the direct road to England. Scotland, did the French and Scots in Cumberland, and on the Thus did the earl of Suffolk, who governed the king, break up borders of England, where they burnt and destroyed large tracts of this expedition. Some lords said, the king had been badly advised, country. They entered Westmoreland, passing through the lands not to pursue the Scots, as they had all their stores with them, and of Greystock, and of the baron Clifford, and burnt on their march it was still in their way home. Others, afraid of the difficulties, said several villages where no men-at-arms had before been. They met that, concerning all things, as well the quantity of provisions neces-. with no opposition, as the country was drained, for all men.at-arms sary for so large an army, as the hardships they would be exposed were with the king in his expedition. They came at length before to in the winter season, when crossing the Cumberland mountains,, Carlisle, which is well inclosed with walls, towers, gates and ditches: they might lose more than they could gain. Thus were affairs. king Arthur formerly resided here more than elsewhere, on account managed. The English army returned, with the king and barons,, of the fine woods which surround it, and for the grand adventures by the way they had entered Scotland, but not before they had des-. of arms which had happened near it.t troyed the greater part of that country. There were in the city of Carlisle, sir Lewis Clifford, brother to News was brought to the admiral of France that the English were, sir William Neville, sir Thomas Musgrave and his son, David Hull- retreating homeward. They called a council to determine how they grave, the earl of Angus, and several others from the neighborhood; were to act, when it was resolved that, as their provision began to fail, for Carlisle is the capital of that part of the country, and it was for- they would return to Scotland, for they were now in a poor country,, tunate to have such men to defend it. When the admiral of France having ruined all round Carlisle, and the lands of lord Clifford, lord and his army arrived, he made a very severe attack with ordnance, Mowbray and the bishop of Carlisle; but the city of Carlisle they which lasted some time, but there were within those capable of could not conquer. The French said among themselves, they had making a good defence, so that many handsome feats of arms were burnt in the bishopricks of Durham and Carlisle more than the value performed before Carlisle. of all the towns in the kingdom of Scotland. The French and Scots marched back the way they had come. When arrived in the lowlands, they found the whole country ruined; but the people of the C H~A P T ER C L x xIII. country made light of it, saying, that with six or eight stakes they would soon have new houses, and find cattle enow for provision: THE EARL OF SUFFOLK PREVENTS THE KING OF ENGLAND FROM PUR- for the Scots had driven them for security to the forests. You must,.. SUING THE FRENCH AND SCOTS WHO HAD INVADED ENGLAND. THE however, know, that whatever the French wanted to buy, they were, ENGLISH ARHY RnETURN HONE THE SAHE WAY THEY HAD ENTERED Omade to pay very dear for; and it was fortunate the French and; SCOTLAND. THE FRENCH AND SCOTS RvETURN IN A SIMILAR MANNER. Scots did not quarrel with each other seriously, as there were frequent: THE king's uncles and the other lords supposed the admiral of riots on accounw of provision.' The Scots said, the French had done. France and the Scots would continue their march, and that they them more mischief than the English: and when asked, "In whatwould do as much mischief as they could on the borders and in manriner?" they replied, "by riding through their corn, oats and bar-.. Cumberland. They therefore thought they could not do better, ley, on their march, which they trod under foot, not condescending: when their stores were all arrived, than to follow their line of march to follow the roads, for which damages they would have a recom,. until they should overtake and fight them; for, as they could not any pense before they left Scotland; and they should neither find vessel, way escape, they must be attacked to a disadvantage. Of this opin- nor mariner who would dare to put to sea without their permission.' ion was the duke of Lancaster, his brothers, several of the nobles of Many knights and squires complained of the timber they had cut the realm, and the greater part of the army. Their stores were now down, and of the waste they had committed to lodge themselves. all arrived by sea or land, and the king had, in the presence of his uncles, ordered this plan to be adopted. But in one night, Michael de la Pole, earl of Suffolk, who at that time was the heart and sole CH A P T E R C L X X I V. council of.the king, and in whom he placed his whole confidence,MIR OF FRANCE AND HIS MENVERY HRSHL undid the whole business. I know not what his intentions were for TE SCOTS TEAT THE AMRA oR FANCE AN HS EN E ASHL. THE' a~.TV~N TO FrANCE. so doing; but I heard afterwards, he should say to the king, "Ah, ah, my lord, what are you thinking of? You intend then to follow WHEN the admiral, with his barons, knights and squires, were retihe plan your uncles have devised. Know, that if you do so, you turned to the neighborhood of Endinburgh, they suffered much from:, will never return, for the duke of Lancaster wishes for nothing inmore famine, as they could scarcely procure provisions for their money. earnestly than your death, that he may be king. How could he dare They had but little wine, beer, barley, bread, or. oats: their horses,, advise your entering such a country in the winter? I would recom- therefore, perished friom hunger, or were ruined through fatigue; and, mend you not to cross the Cumberland mountains, where are thirty when they wished to dispose of them, they could not find a p!rchaser, passes so narrow, that if once you be inclosed within them, you will who would give them a groat either for their horses or. housings run into the greatest danger from the Scots. Never engage in such These lords remonstrated with their commander on the manner in a perilous expedition, whatever they may say to you; and if the which they were treated, a circumstances well known to himself.. duke of Lancaster be so desirous to go thither, let him, with that They said, "they could not long endure such difficulties, for Scot-. division under his command: for never, with my consent, shall you land was not a country to encamp in during the winter; and that, ifb undertake it. You have done enough for one time: neither your they were to remain the ensuing summer, they should soon die of father, nor your grandfather Edward, have been so far in Scotland as poverty. If they were to spread themselves over the, country, to bet. you have now beqn. This, I say, should satisfy you. Take care ter their condition, they were doubtful if the Scots, who had so vil. of your own person, you are young and promising; and there are lainously treated their foragers, would not murder them in their beds5, those who profess much, but who little love you." when they should be divided." The admiral, having fully ~weighed what they said~, saw clear. ly There is a mistake in geography here, for the Tay does not run sear the road to The amra havin ful we igh what thsaid, s esr3d Stilin. shuldsupos hemot man heForh. "redne. ~ Ahrden.they were justified in thus remonstrating; notwithstanding, he had istiring. ishorldhsuppose he mustrmen the Fo rth. t "sredtede." n. Abeadeec h l Froiis~art mnistakes this nlcee. probably. fo~r Carl~on intentions of winter~ing there, and o~f sending: an account of his situ 354 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. aion to the king of France and duke of Burgundy, who, as the admi. thousand archers and six or seven thousand men-at-arms is a great ral imagined, would hasten to him reinforcements of stores, provision force." They may be as many as that," said the constable of and money, with which, in the course of the summer, he would be France; "but I would rather combat the whole of them in their enabled to carry on an advantageous war against the English. But own country than one-half on this side the water, for this was the having considered how ill intentioned the Scots were, and the dan-. doctrine my master taught me in my youth." "By my faith, conger his men were in, as well as himself, he gave permission for all stable," replied'sir John de Vienne, "if you had been there with a who chose to depart. But how to depart was the difficulty, for the good command of men-at-arms and Genoese, as I proposed, and as barons could not obtain any vessels for themselves and men. The it was agreed on when I undertook this expedition, we would have Scots were willing that a few poor knights who had no great com. engaged them when in Scotland, or destroyed them from want of mand should leave the country, that they might the easier govern provision." the rest. They told the barons of France "that their dependents, In this manner did the constable and admiral converse, which when they pleased, might depart, but that they themselves should excited a great desire in the duke of Burgundy to make a powerful not quit the country until they had made satisfaction for the sums invasion of England. We will now for a while leave them, ani that had been expended for the use of their army." return to the affairs of Flanders. This declaration was very disagreeable to sir John Vienne and the other French barons. The earls of Douglas and Moray, who pretended to be exasperated at the harsh'onduct of their country- CHAPTER CLXXV. men, remonstrated with them, that they did not act becoming menat-arms, nor as friends to the kingdom of France, by this behavior TH STATE OF FLANDERS. TWO HONEST BURGESSES OF HENT NEGOTITE,0 its knights: and that henceforward no Scots knight would dare SECRETLY A PEACE WITH THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY, WITH TOE ASSENT to set his foot in France. These two earls, who were friendly enough OF FRANCIS ATEEMEN. to the French barons, pointed out the probable effect their conduct IN truth, the duke of Burgundy had a strong desire to undertake would have on their vassals; but some replied, "Do dissemble with a grand expedition against England in the ensuing summer of 1386, them, for you have lost as much as we." They therefore told the and did all he could to urge the king of France to consent to it. OL admiral, they could not do anything for him: and, if they were so the other hand, the constable of France, who in his youth had been anxious about quitting Scotland, they must consent to make good educated in England, and was a knight of gallant enterprise and their damages. The admiral seeing nothing better could be done, much beloved in France, advised it strongly, as did sir Guy de la and unwilling to lose all, for he found himself very uncomfortable, Trimouille and the admiral of France. The duke of Berry was at surounded by the sea, and the Scots of a savage disposition, acceded this time in Poitou, and in the upper parts of Limousin, ignorant of to their proposals, and had proclaimed through the realm, that all these councils and this intended expedition. The duke of Burgundy those whom his people had injured, and who could show just cause was the greatest personage in France, next the king: he had many for amends being made theln, should bring them their demands to designs, and knew that, as long as the war continued in Flanders, the admiral of France, when they would be fully paid. This proc- the invasion of England could nbt take place: he was therefore lamation softened the minds of the people; and the admiral took much softened, and more inclined to enter into a treaty with the town every debt on himself, declaring he would never leave the country of Ghent; for they had allied themselves with the king of England, until everything were completely paid and satisfied. who had sent thither a knight, called the lord Bourchier, to advise Upon this many knights and squires obtained a passage to France, and govern them. The citizens of Ghent were also desirous of and returned through Flanders, or wherever they could land, farn- peace; for they had suffered so much from the war that the richest ished, and without arms or horses, cursing Scotland, and the hour and principal persons of the town were no longer masters of theit they had set foot there. They said they had never suffered so much property: it was at the command of a few wicked soldiers, who in any expedition, and wished the king of France would make a governed them at their pleasure: the wisest foresaw that this could truce with the English for two or three years, and then march to not last long without their being entirely ruined. When they were Scotland and utterly destroy it: for never had they seen such wicked talking over their affairs among themselves, some wondered they had people, nor such ignorant hypocrites and traitors. The admiral been thus long kept together in unity; but others knew that unity to wrote to the king of France and duke of Burgundy, by those who have been the effect of force, and more through fear than love, for:first returned, a full state of his situation, and how the Scots acted Peter du Bois would not desist from his wickedness, and none dared toward him: that if they wished to have him back, they must send before him to speak of peace or of treating: the moment he heard:him the full amount he had engaged to pay the Scots, and for which of any one thus talking, he was instantly arrested, however respecta-,he had bounden himself to the knights and squires of Scotland: for ble he might be, and put to death.,the Scots had declared, that they had at this time made war for the This war, which Ghent had carried on against its lord the earl king of France and not for themselves; and that the damages which Lewis of Flanders and the duke of Burgundy, had lasted near seven'the French had committed must be satisfied before they would be years; and it would be melancholy to relate all the various unfortu-:allowed to return, which he had promised and sworn to perform to nate events which it hag caused. Turks, Saracens and Pagans'the barons of Scotland. would have been sorroWtful on hearing them, for all commerce by It was incumbent on the king of France, the duke of Burgundy sea was ruined. The sea-coasts from east to west, and all the north,.and their councils, to redeem the admiral, for they had sent him suffered from it; for in truth the riches and merchandise of seven.:thither. They had the money instantly raised, and deposited in the teen kingdoms were sent to Sluys, and the whole was unshipped at::town of Bruges, so that the whole demand of the Scots was paid to Darnme or Bruges. Now consider, that if these distant countries:their satisfaction. The admiral left Scotland when he had thus suffered, still more bitterly must those nearer have felt it. Nomeans amicably settled matters, for otherwise he could not have done it; of peace could be imagined. It was first thought on by the grace:and taking leave of the king, who was in the highlands,' and of the of God and divine inspiration, and by the prayers of devout people earls of Douglas and Moray, was attended by them to the sea-shore. to the LoanRD, who, at their request, opened his ears, and took pity on'He embarked at Edinburgh, and having a favorable wind, landed at the poor people of Flanders. Sluys in Flanders. Some of his knights and squires did not follow I will detail how a peace was made between them and the duke: the same road, as they were desirous of seeing other countries besides of Burgundy, as minutely as I have before related the cause of the.Scotland, and wvent into different parts; but the greater number re- war, which originated in the hatreds of Gilbert Mathew, John Lyon, ~ turned to France, and were so poor that they knew not how to and their accomplices, and I shall beg you will have the goodness to.remount themselves: especially those from Burgundy, Champagne, attend to me. At the time I am now speaking of, the lord Bourchier:Bar, and Lorrain, who seized the laboring horses wherever they found governed the city of Ghent for the king of England, and Peter du them in the fields. Bois assisted him in maintaining his authority, and retaining the The young king of France, and the duke of Burgundy, feasted affections of the wicked. There were several prudent men that the admiral splendidly on his return, as was but just. They made were disgusted with such dissensions, and who had suffered much:many inquiries respecting the situation of the king and barons of friom them: they dared not open themselves to each other but in ~Scotland. He told them " the Scots would naturally incline to the secret, for if Peter du Bois heard that any person was desirous of English, for they were jealous of foreigners; and added, that as. peace, he was put to death without mercy, in like manner as he and God may help him, he would rather be count of Savoy or of Artois, Philip von Artaveld had slain sir Symon Bete and sir Gilbert Gente, ~ or some such country, than king of Scotland: that he had seen the and latterly, in order to frighten the town of Ghent, they had de-'.whole force of that country assembled together, as the Scots had stroyed many of the inhabitants.:,assured him, but there were never more than five hundred knights When Francis Atremen had been driven from the town of Damrme and squires together, and about thirty thousand other men, who by the king of France, who, having totally burnt and destroyed the wo].id be unable to withstand the English archers, or a thousand Quatre Mestiers, was returned to France, as it has been before remen-at-arms." The admiral was asked, "if he had seen the Eng- lated, the principal persons of Ghent supposed the king would, the lish army." He replied he had; "for when I saw the manner in ensuing summer, return before that town with a very powerful army whichr the Scots fled from the English, I requested they would lead Peter du Bois and those of his party were unwilling to believe it me to a place whence I might see and consider them. They did so, adding, they Should be very glad to see the king come thither, for and I saw them pass through a defile, to the amount of sixty thou- they had formed such strong alliances with the king of England as sand archers, and six or seven thousand men-at-arm s. The Scots to be certain of assistance. At this time, there were in Ghent two.said,'that this was the whole strength of England, for none had valiant men, of good life and conversation, of moderate birth and t,~einained behind.'" The company paused a little, and said, "Sixty * Oliver do Clieona CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 35i'ortune, neither of the highest nor of the richest, who were very to those of Ghent, sealed with his seal, and on this issue of the treati much vexed at this war against its natural lord the duke of Burgundy, the knight went back to Flanders and to Ghent, but he did not carry but were afraid openly to declare their sentiments, from the exam- thither his letters: he, however, gave such assurances to Rogex ples which had been made by Peter du Bois. One of them was a Cremin and James d'Ardembourg that he had them to produce, as mariner; the other the most considerable butcher in the market, to lead them to consider the affair as good as concluded. Now, called James d'Ardembourg. By these two men was the business consider what great peril these men and the knight were in; for,'if first brought about. In addition to themn, I must include a worthy the lord Bourchier or Peter du Bois had known of it, their lives knight of Flanders, named sir John d'Elle, a prudent intelligent man, would have paid the forfeit. who interested himself much in this affair; but, if it had not been through the means of the two aforementioned persons, he would not have interfered in it so happily; nor, as it may easily be believed, C H A P T E R C L XXVI. could all the knights of Flanders have succeeded. THE TWO CITIZENS FIX ON A DAY TO ASSEMBLE THEIR FRIENDS, TO ACThis sir John d'Elle was much beloved by many in the town of COMPLISM THEIR PLAN. ALL GHENT AEE UNANIMOUS FOR PEACE, Ghent, and he went in and out at his pleasure, without being sus- NOTWITHSTANDING THE ATTEMPTS TO PREVENT IT BY THE GOVERNOR pected by any one. At the beginning he was afraid of talking either FOE THE KING OF ENGLAND AND PETER DU BOIS. about war or peace; nor would hlie ever have done so, if it had not been previously mentioned by Roger de Cremin and James d'Ardem. ROGER CREMIN and James d'Ardembourg, by whom the whole Roaina C ra r angd, JametosirJh d'Ard embug by whome hthe wole bourg, and I will tell you how it happened. These two were much usa mnge a i o'le "o htr o displeased at the continued troubles in Flanders, insomuch that they hursday morning exactly at nine o'clock, and bring w y lord of conversed together on the' subject, when Roger said to James, Bur,,undy's letters with you; we vill show them, if we succeed in "Whoever could interfere between this our native town of Chent, our intentions, to the commonalty of Ghent, and have them publicly which is so much oppressed, and the duke of Burgundy our natural read by which means they will put greater confidence in them, for, lord, would do a deed of great charity, and acquire by it grace from at the time we mention, we shall be masters of the town, or dead God and praise from men; for the differences and confusion which men." Sir Johnreplied, hewould do astheyhad said; when their are so unbecoming would by this means be put an end to." council broke up, and sir John left the town to consider how he was "You speak truly, Roger," replied James; "but it will be a dif. to act. These two citizens were very active to complete their plan, ficult and dangerous thing to do, on account of Peter du Bois: no and constantly busy with their principal supporters, the deans of n'I~~~~~~~~adcostatl bsy wihtheir prsincipyhya aine sporters the greatrns ofi one dares talk of peace from fear of him, for if he kncw of it, those guild. By their assiduity, they had gained over the greaternumbe who had meddled in the business would instantly be put to death." of the populace; and it was ordered, at eight o'clock on Thursday "What!" said Roger, "shall things then remain always as they are? they should quit their houses, the banner of Flanders displayed be There must be an end to it." Tlmehw"asrdJ fore them, and shout, "PFlanders for the Lion! the lord of the coun'['eremus beanendto t."11Tell me! howv," answered James, tygat ec otego ono hnadadnt l vl and I will cheerfullylisten to you." Roger replied, " You are te ty grants peace to the good town of Ghet, and pardon to all evil y ~~~~~~~~~~minded persons." principal butcher in the market, the richest and most respected: you mded persons. can talk secretly and boldly with your most confidential firiends and This busness could not be carried on so secretly but that Peter du brethren in trade; and when you shall find they understand you, by Bois knew of it: the moment he had the information,.he went to the degrees you can draw them more forward. I, on the other hd lord Bourchier, who was governor.in-chief for the king of England, who ami a mariner, and well beloved by all such sorf of people, and said to him:" My lord, Roger Cremin and James dArdemwhose cure I now, and who hate the wa, fr they have lost bourg intend assembling the inhabitants to-niorrow morning, at eight wuhoe couag itko, Wild remonstate wthsoe wrfor themyo hae lsubet, and much by it, will remonstrate with some of them on the subject, amd o'clock, in the market-place, with the banner of Flanders in their they will induce others to incline the same way: when we shall have hands, and are to shout out through the streets,'Flanders for the gained over these two trades, which are numerous and powerful,the Lion! the lord of the country grants peace and pardoi to the good other trades, and honest people who wish for peace, will join us." town of Ghent for all misdemeanors.' What are we now to do? ~'Very well," said James; "1I will sound my people: do you the I " Very well," satid James; I will sound my people: do you tie The king of England will no longer be obeyed in this town, if we same by yours." be not beforehand with them, and drive them out of our territories." Each of them performed his promise; and they discoursed so pru_ "1How shall we do this?" replied the lord Bourchier. Peter said, dently with their'friends on the subject that, through the grace of "We must assemble all our people to-morrow norning in tie town. "Weousetwhn afterble have oarmpeopd themrrwewl marchninoghi th-eton the Holy Spirit, James d'Ardemnbourg found all his brother butchers house, when, after we have armed them, we will march throi t well inclined to his way of thinlking. Roger, on the other hand, town, crying out also,'Flanders for the Lion I the king of England with his eloquence, brought the mariners, who were anxious to re- for the country, and lord of the town of Ghent.' When we have got gaim the pilotage they had been so long deprived of, to the same to the market-place, those who are our friends willjoin s, and then tote marlket-lace, thaiorseh areou fi'iends. wi ljois answrd then opinion. When these two honest men were conversing on the busi- we will kill all traitors and rebels." "Be it so," answered lord ness, and had shown how desirous they had found their people to Bourchier: "1you have' well imagined it, and it shall be done." obtain peace, they said, "We want a proper person to represent our God was wondrous kimd to these two honest citizens; for they situation to the duke of Burgundy," and instantly thought of sir had intelligence given them of the arragement just entioned. On John d'Elle, on whom they determined to call, as he was then in the hearing it, they were hot dismayed, hut in the evening visited theim town. This they did, and loyally told him their whole secret, say- friends tihe deacons, and said to them, " We had fixed to be in the ing, "Sir John, we have so effectually worked on our brethren of inareIet-place to-morrow at eight, but we now must change it to seven the trade, they are all eager for peace; but oni condition that my lord o'clocl." This they did to break the measures of Peter du Bois, of Burgundy will engage to pardon every one, and keep to us our who was on the wmtch with forty others, and all agreed to change w3 behou.O Twrsay mornig the lodatuchir with sixty ote',ada gedt hnof ancient privileges, for which we can show sealed charters." Sir the hour. O Thursday morning, the lord Bourchie, with sit of John replied, "You say well, and I will cheerfully negotiate the his men, went to the town-house. Peter du Bois came thither with matter between you." his forty, when they all armed and put themselves in good array. The knight waited on the duke of Burgundy, who at the time was Roger Cremin amd James d'Arlcmbourg assembled their friends in Framce with the king, and related to him all he had heard. He at the place they had fixed on, whem the greater part of those who demonstrated so wvell the advantages of the business, that the duke had -been deans of guilds joined them. They then displayed the willingly listened to his proposals. In truth, he was desirous of banner of the earl, began their miarch through' the town, shouting peace with Ghent, on account of the intended expedition which he the cry befoe-mentioned. Those that heard it, and saw the de wished the king to make against England. His own council advised cons of their trades and the banner of the earl, mixed with their corn. it, as did sir Guy de la Trimouille, sir John de Vienne, and also the ins and folowed the banner as fast as possible. They arrived constable of France and the lord de Coucy. He therefore told the at the market-place on the point of seven o'clock, where having knight he would assent to the termns proposed, and that he might re- halted, and placed the banner of the earl before them, they were hled, andolcdtebnnegfteealbfr them, hywr turn with his answer to those who had sent him. The duke inquired continually joined by crowds of people, who drew up among them if Francis Atremeren had been present when this matter was brought News was carried to lord Bourchier and Peter du Bois, who were forward: he said, "No, my lord: he is governor of the castle of in the town-house nmstering their men, that Roger Cremin and Gaure; and I know not if those who have sent me would lilke he James d'Ardembourg had taken possession of the marketplace should be made acquainted with the business." "Tell them," an- On hearing this, they marched out with the banner of England dis. swered the duke, "to speak to him boldly on the subject: he will played; and, as they advanced, they shouted their cry. In this not do anything inii opposition, for I understand he most earnestly manner they arrived in the market-place, amd drew up opposite to wishes to make his peace with me." The knight returned to Ghent the others, waiting for more to join them; but very few did so, for - 0~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~h ohrs, w iing osoreojinthmbut ey e i o b with this good news, wit wich they were well pleased. He then they went to those who had the ear's banner, insomuch that Roger went to the castle of Gaure to Francis Atremen, when he opened and James had eighty from every hundred men who came thither. the whole matter to him, but under secrecy. Francis, having The market-place was full of men-at-arms, who kept silent, eyeing paused a little, replied gayly,'" Since my lord of Burgundy is will- each other. Peter du Boas was thundeistruck when he perceived,ng to pardon everything, and to secure to the town of Ghent its that the deans of guilds, with their men, had united with Roger privileges, I will no longer be a rebel, but endeavor'by all means to Cremin and Jamesd'Ardembourg, and began to fear for his life; for obtain my peace." he saw that those who had been used to follow him now avoided The knight left Francis Atremen in Gaure, and returned to the him. He therefore quietly got out of the crowd, and went to hide duke of Burgundy in France with the account how matters stood. himself for fear of being killed. The duke heard him with pleasure, and wrote very amicable letters Roger Cremin and James d'Ardembourg finding, from appearancee, 356 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. that alniost all the inhabitants had put themselves under their banner, were nrach rejoiced, and with reason, for they then well knew things C H A P T E R C L X X V III. were in a good train, and that. the people would keep peace with THE TREATY OF PEACE BETWEEN DUKE PHILIF OF BURGINDY, EART, O? their lord. They advanced, with a large detachment of their men, FLANDERS, IN RIGHT HIS WIFE, AND THE TOWN OF GHENT AND IT FLANDERS, IN RIGHT OF HIS WIFE, AND THE TOWN OF G]HENTf aND ITS leaving the main body behind, with the banner of Flanders carried ALLIES. before them, toward the lord Bourchier and the English, who did not think their lives very secure. Roger halted opposite to lord Bourchier, PHILIP of France, duke of Burgundy, earl of Flanders and Ar. and said, ". What have you done with Peter du Bois? We wish to tois, palatine of Burgundy, lord of Salins, count of RetheI, and lord know your intentions, and whether you are friends or enemies?" of Mechlin, with Margaret, duchess and countess of the countries The knight replied, that hie imagined Peter du Bois was there; but, aforesaid, to all to whom these presents shall come, greeting: be it when he found he was gone, said, "I know not what is become of known, that our well-beloved subjects, the sheriffs, deacons, council hlim: I thought he had been with me: for my part, I shall be steady and commonalty, of our good town of Ghent, having humbly supplito the king of England, who is my right natural lord, and who has cated our lord, the king, and us, to have mercy upon them, and thai sent me hither at your own entreaties, if you will be pleased to re- our said lord, together with us, having had compassion on them, by member it." " That is true," they answered; "for if the good town other letters than these present, and for the reasons contained in of Ghent had not sent for you, we would have put you to death; but them, have pardoned and forgiven all misdemeanors and offences in honor to the king of England, who has ordered you hither at our committed by them, our subjects of Ghent; and have fully confirmed request, neither you nor your men shall run the smallest risk. We all the said customs, privileges, and franchises, provided they place will save you from all danger, and conduct you, or have you con- themselves wholly under the obedieice of our said lord and us. ducted, as far as the town of Calais. Retire now, therefore,/peace- Which grace and pardon the aforesaid subjects of Ghent and their ably to your houses, without stirring thence for anything you may allies have very humbly received from our said lord and us, by their see ox hear, as we are determined to have for our lord the duke of letters and embassadors, which they have sent to our said lord and Burgundy, and no longer to carry on the war." The knight was us, being at Tournay, and have renounced all wars and disputes, much pleased with this speech, and said, "My fair sirs and good being returned most heartily to their obedience to the said lord and friends, since it may not be otherwise, God assist you! and I thank us, promising henceforward to be good friends and loyal subjects to you for the offers you make me." our Said lord the king, as to their sovereign lord, and to us as their natural lord, in right of Margaret, our wife, being their natural lady and heiress. For which cause, our said lord and ourselves have reCHAPTER CLXXVII. ceived our said subjects of Ghent and their allies into our favor, and have granted them letters of remission for all offences, singly and SiRt JOHqN D'ELLE BRINGS LETTERS PATENT OF PEACE AND PARDON TO THE R JOHN ELLE BRINGS ETTERS ATENT OF EACE ND PARDON TO THE absolutely, with the restitution of all their franchises and privileges MIREN oF GHENT, FROM TYE DUIE OF BURGUNDY. THIS PEACE IS CON- as will be more fully apparent in these our letters. After which FItLMED AT TOUiq.NAY BY OTHER LETTERS PATENT ON EACH SI.DE. grace and remission, our said subjects of our good town of Ghent, THE lord Bourchier and his men quietly left the marketplace, and having made several supplications which we have received, and have those of Ghent who had been with him, slily slipt away to hide them- had maturely considered by our council, and they, according with selves, or mixed with the others, under their banner. Shortly after- the common good of the country, in order to put a final end to all wards, sir John d'Elle entered the town and rode to the market-place, dissensions, from our love and favor to our good subjects, have orbringing with him letters patent, couched in fair language, and prop- dered as follows, in regard to these said supplications: erly sealed, from the duke of Burgundy to the town of Ghent, which First, with regard to their request, that we would confirm the privi. were publicly read and shown to all, and gave universal satisfaction. leges of Courtray, Oudenarde, Grammont, Meule, Dendremonde, Francis Atremen was now sent for from the castle of Gaure, who Russelmonde, Alost, Ath, Breuilles, Deynse, and the jurisdictions instantly came, and agreed to the whole of the treaty, saying, "6It of these towns in tile low countries. We order the inhabitants of was well done." these said towns to wait on us with their said privileges; and, after Sir John d'Elle now returned to the duke of Burgundy, who was examination of them by our council, we will so act, that our subjects with his duchess at Arras: he related to him all that had passed at of Ghent, and the other good towns, shall be satisfied therewith: and Ghent; that Peter du Bois had lost all power there, and would prob- should any of the said privileges be lost or accidentally destroyed, ably have been killed had he been found; that Francis Atremen had after strict inquiry made on the subject, we will provide accordingly behaved gallantly and loyally in respect to the peace. The duke as it has been before mentioned. was much pleased with all this, and signed a truce to last until the Item-as to their request concerning commerce, we consent thila first day of January; and ordered a day to be fixed on, in the mean it have friee course through our country of Flanders, on paying the time, for conferences to be holden at Tournay, to confirm the peace. usual duties. With these papers properly sealed and signed, the knight returned Itenm —should any of their fiiends or allies be hereafter arrested to Ghent; which gave such joy to every one, as plainly showed in any foreign country, on account of the late disturbances, we will peace was the unanimous wish. have them sent home in safety. We likewise consent, that if any The lord Bourchier, the English, and Peter du Bois, still remained of them be thus arrested, we will assist and defend them to the utmosi in Ghent, but nothing was done against them. Peter du Bois con- of our power, as good lords should do to loyal subjects. tinued in peace, because he had sg'orn he would never more inter- Item —we are willing that all prisoners of their party, supposing fere in any war with the good people of Ghent against their lord the them to have agreed for their ransom, shall have their liberty, on duke of Burgundy. He was, however, much assisted in this peril paying the stipulated sum and other reasonable expenses; provided, by Francis Atremen, who had spoken handsomely for him to the in- however, that if any of the said prisoners, their relations or friends, habitants; and for this reason Beter remained unmolested: besides, hold any fortresses against us, such be first given up: and on like they knew that Peter had only held similar opinions to their own, terms shall those attached to us, and confined by our subjects of and that he was a good and loyal captain. During the truce which Ghent or their allies, be set at liberty. had been made between the duke of Burgundy aMd the town of Item-out of our abundant goodness we have ordered, and by Ghent, the; elected those who were to attend the conference at these presents do order, that all those who may have been banished Tournay. Francis Atremen was chosen as principal, because hlie from our good towns of Bruges, Ypres, or ether places, on account was well mannered, of good dispositions, and acquainted with the of these dissensions, as well as those who may have been banished lords he was to treat with: Roger Cremin and James d'Ardembourg by law and justice from our good town of Ghent, or who may have were elected with him. They arrived at Tournay during the octave voluntarily absented themselves, be restored, so that they may return of St. Andrew, escorted by fifty horse, and lodged altogether at the to the said towns and reside; provided, those who have held for the Salmon Inn, in the street of St. Brice. party of Ghent be in like manner restored to their different towns or The duke and duchess of Burgundy, with madame de Nevers, country, and when they red/ter the towns to which they are restored, their daughter, came thither on the fifth day of December, and en. they make oath before our officers in the town of Ghent, and swear tered Tournay by the gate of Lille. The Ghent men instantly rode to keep the peace in such towns, and not commit any damage either out to meet them on handsome horses: they did not dismount, but, in a public or private manner on any of the inhabitants. In the like bareheaded, saluted the duke and the ladies. The duke passed manner will those swear who reenter Ghent. hastily through the town, to meet the duchess of Brabant, who came Item-all those who may return to our town of Ghent, with their that same day, and entered it by the Mechlin gate': she was lodged allies and other inhabitants, will be obedient to our said lord and to at the bishop's palace. The conferences now began, relative to the us, and will promptly put themselves under our obedience. With treaty which the duke had granted to Ghent. Sir John d'Elle at- -regard to those who may now be absent, they shall be restored, in }ended them, as he had, with much difficulty, brought this business time hereafter to be specified, to their fiefs, houses, lands, and inher. to an end between the two parties. At last, at the entreaties of the itances, in whatever place they may be, notwithstanding any mischiefs duchass of Burgundy and madame de Nevers, the duke pardoned they may have done during, and on account of these disturbances, everything; and peace was proclaimed, after it had been drawn out in as full a manner as they enjoyed them previous to that period. and sealed by both pauties, in manrer following. Item-should any of the inhabitants of the said town of Ghent, oe their allies, be in Brabant, Hainault, Holland, Zealand, Cambresis, or in the bishopric of Liege, and should they, within two months after the publication of this peace, put themselves under the obedience of our said lord and us, and furthermore, take such oaths aa CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRAN CE, SPAIN, &c. 357 shall be hereafter declared before us, or before those whom we may Item-if any one act contrary to these our orders, and injure those appoint to receive them, they shall filly enjoy all the before-men- of Ghent, under pretence of taking our part, for what may have cloned pardons and graces. And those who may be in England, passed during the late disturbances, such offenrce shall be brought Frizelarid, or Germany, should they, within four months as aforesaid, before the lord, and the courts to which it may belong; and such put themselves under our obedience, they shall enjoy the like privi- criminal act shall be punished by corporal punishment and confisca. leges. If such as may be beyond sea at Rome, or at St. Jago de tion of goods, as shall in like manner, the offences of their accom Compostella, should, within one year from the publication of the plices, abettors, and those who may attempt to conceal them, aftet peace, without fraud, take the oaths aforesaid, they shall enjoy the having been convicted of infringing the peace, as well by the justice same privileges, and in like manner all those banished by judgment of our officers or of other lords, as by the laws of the country to of law, or such persons as may have voluntarily absented themselves whose jurisdiction it may more immediately appertain: a reasonable on account of the dissensions, shall be restored to their fiefs, houses, satisfaction shall be made to the injured party, from the criminal's lands, and inheritances, according to their several claims. effects, and the surplus shall be paid to us, or to whatever lord has the right to it, saving th# privileges of the towns.. Item —should any of the —....'.-ci.lzens of our said town of _.........-_-.....-.........................______ Ghent be banished from thQl _._:_: _ _ —. ___________.__ —-.- —. -.. — =-.. —.- _ —-. said town for fraction of the ===.:=::-z-:-~-,~=~=-~;_~ =; —r_ peace; and supposing that prior to this peace, by the privileges of the town, their.... __-_=_.E = ~ ii ~~ ________.~ ~~~2:! effects could not be confis. _______= __ bcated; nevertheless. for the better preserving this peace, -.__ _____~-.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -~ ~ ~.they shall, for such cause, be __'__ ~:= ==confiscated, and from such effects shall reparation be Imade to the party injured, as has been before stated, lilt'with and the residue revert to their taken on both sides, no ~t~il esiuon belllill~ll~l made., butU eacha~ partyI~tnlegal heirs, just as if such ________: __o_ each persons were deceased, savItem -thos no xv ing in all other respects the privileges of our good town II hte and of Ghent: and if such wicked persons cannot be arrested,'I Ia'o t sI' I so as to suffer corporal punt ishment, their effects shall be confiscated as aforesaid. Item —if any abusive lan-' guage shall be uttered, and come to the ears of any of our civil officers, against this Item ---— ~IF-i _ _.our order, we will that the person uttering such be punished by arbitrary fine, so as GHENT. —The old Mansion de Ville. From an Original Drawmg.ea Original Drawing, ~to serve for an example to others, by the legal judges of such places before whom tem —with regard lo moveable property, which may have been he or they shall have been brought, saving the franchises and privitaken on both sides, no restitutions be made, but each party remain leages of those places. acquitted to each other; unless, indeed, restitutions be made to dis- Item-if any churchman be guilty of any acts against the said charge the consciences of those who may have taken such things. peace, let him be transferred to his ordinary, to be punished as an Item-those now in possession of the houses which are to be re- infringer of the peace, according as the case may require. stored, as well on one side as on the other, shall not carry away any Item-this same peace shall be publicly proclaimed and published fixture whatever; and such houses shall be restored with all their in the said town of Ghent, and in all our other towns in Flanders. appurtenances and rents which may then be due; and henceforward Item-should any doubts or obscurity appear on the face of the said all rents and profits shall be collected peaceably by those to whom articles of peace, we declare, and will order our council to declare, they legally belong. that such doubts and obscurities, should any such arise, shall be inItem —it having been reported to us, that some of our subjects of terpreted and explained in such manner as shall give satisfaction to Ghent or their allies, have done homage for fiefs which they hold to the complainants. othermlords than those to.whom they legally appertain, and by such And we, the deans and commonalty of the town of Ghent, do by means have forfeited their fiefs, notwithstanding which, we will, out these presents accept for ourselves and for our allies these acts of of our grace, that such fiefs remain to them, on performing homage clemency, pardon and grace done to us, by king Charles, our lord to us, for what had been ours, and of our vassals holding from us; paramount, and by the aforesaid duke and duchess, earl and countess and we acknowledge, out of our especial favor, any leases or recog- of Flanders, our lawful and natural lords: and we thank them, from uizances as legal between the present parties. the bottom of our hearts, for these said graces and pardons. We also Item-our said subjects of. Ghent, the sheriffs, deacons, council, swear obedience, as good and loyal subjects should do, to them: and commonalty, and their allies, by our orders, and their own free will, will guard, to the utmost of our power, their persons and honor. having renounced all alliances, oaths, obligations, acts, and homages, In testimony of which, we the duke and duchess aforesaid have which they, or any of them, may have done to the king of England, had our seals put to these letters; and we the sheriffs, deacons and to his commissioners, deputies, or officers, or to others who may not commonalty of the town of Ghent have also affixed the seal of the be in the good pleasure of our said lord or of us, do now make oath town. that from heceforward they will be good and loyal subjects to our In addition to which, we the duke and duchess aforesaid have said lord, and to his successors, the kings.of France, as well as to entreated and do entreat our very dear and well.beloved aunt the us; and will perform such services to us and to our successors, as duchess of Luxembourg and Brabant, and our very dear and well, good and loyal subjects are bounden to do to their lord or lady, to beloved brother duke Albert of Bavaria. And we also, the sheriffs, defend their persons, honor, inheritances, and rights, and prevent all deacons, and commonalty of G-bent, entreat the very powerful and who may endeavor to invade them, by giving direct information to puissant princess the lady duchess of Luxembourg and Brabant, and our officers, saving always their own rights and privileges. the high and puissant prince duke Albert aforesaid. And also we Item —that our subjects of our good town of Ghent may remain the duke and duchess of Burgundy, and we the sheriffs, council, and always in peace, and under the obedience of our said lord the king commonalty of Ghent, entreat the barons and nobles of the country and us, as well as of our heirs, the earls of Flamtders our successors, of Flanders, hereafter named, from the good towns of Brngos, Ypres, and that all disturbances which may in future arise be prevented, the Franconate, Mechlin, and Antwerp, for the security of Ihe peace, we will that all these aforesaid articles be strictly maintained without and assurance of the truth of the above-mentioned articles, to.ffia any'infringement. And we forbid our subjects, however ill they fheir own seals, and the seals of the different towns, to these presents. may have acted toward us in the late dissensions, to venture in any And we Jane, by the grace of God duchess of Luxembiourg, Braway, either directly or indirectly, by word or deed, to offer any injury, bant, and Limbourg; and we duke Albert of Bavaria, bailiff, regenlt, by reproaches. or insults, to the aforesaid men of Ghent. and heir to the countries of Hainault, Holland, Zealand, and lordsl' ip 358 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. of Frizeland: we William, eldest son to the earl of Namur and lord marecs yearly revenue, assigned on the wool-staple of London. Thus of Sluys; Hugh, lord d'Antoing and warden of Ghent, John, lord de did Peter du Bois remain in England, and the good town of Ghent Guistelles and de Harues, Henry de Bruges, lord de Dixmude and in peace. Roger Cremin was appointed deacon of the pilots of de Havre, John, lord de Gonuseberge and de la Jentoise, Arnold de Ghent, which is a most profitable office when commerce is uninter Jouste, lord d'Estournay, Philip, lord d'Axalle, Louis de la Hasle, bas. rupted; and James d'Ardembourg was made deacon of the small tard of Flanders, Girard de Rasenhen, lord de Baserode, Walter, lord crafts, which is likewise an office of great trust in the town of Ghent. de Halun, Philip de Hamur, lord d'Eque, John Villain, lord de St. Jean d'Outre, warden of Ypres, Lewis, lord de Lambres knight: and we Although the present edition is divided into two volumes only, such being the most the burgomasters, with the sheriffs of the towns of Bruges and Ypres: convenient arrangement of the work in its present fobrnm. yet the importance of retaining the original divisions of the Author has not been lost sight of, and they have accordingly we Philip de Redehen and de Montferrant, sheriffs: Montfranc de been preserved. Froissart produced each of his volumes at some considerable interval Montamar knight, sheriff of the Franconate, in the name of that ter- from the preceding.. "When,'" says M. de St. Palaye in his life of our author, "our ritory, which has no common seal: and we, the council of the towns historian tinished one of the parts of his listory, be brought it down to the time when of Mechlin and Antwerp-have at the aforesaid requst, for the good e was writing; and toward the end he related the events as they were passing; from awhence it Ihappenis, as it seems to me, that there is mucs confusion, often omissions and of the peace, and for the greater security and truth of all the fore- mistakes, whilch he has been obliged to correct or alter in the following parts." This mentioned articles, and every one of them, caused to be affixed our is exemplified in the third volume, which was not begun until 1390, two years after the seals and the seals of the aforesaid towns to these presents. Ex- completion of the second; in it ie returns to events which nad happened since 1382, and scuted at Tournay the 18th day of December, in the year of grace gives a filler account of thes from the more correct information he had subsequently iobtained. It would cause still greater confusion if the separate accounts were comrn 1,'85. bined in an undistinguished train of chapters, and the cause of such repetitions was thus left without explanation. The third volume, which was finished in the year 1392, was written by the order and at the expense of thle celebrated Gaston Ph'ebul C H A P T E R C L X X I X. Count de Blois, at whose court Sir Jotlhn Froissart was then resident.-En. PETER DU BOIS, AFTER THE CONCLUSION OF THE PEACE, RETIRES TO ENGEND OF THE SECOND VOLUME OF THE CHRONICLES OF SIR JOHN FROISSAlRT. LAND WITH THE LORD BOURCHIER, GOVERNOR OF GHENT. WHEN all these ordinances and treaties of peace had been engrossed and sealed, they were published before the parties: the duke of Burgundy had one part, and the deputies from Ghent the other. Francis Atremen and the deputation with him most humbly took leave of the duke and duchess of Burgundy, and of the duchess of Brabant, thanking them repeatedly, and offering their services to them for ever. The good lady of Brabant returned their thanks, and kindly entreated them firmly to maintain the peace, and induce oth- THIRD VOLUM ers to do the same, and desired them never to rebel against their lord and lady, for they had seen with how much difficulty peace had oF THE. now been brought about. They thanked her heartily, and the con- OF THE ference broke up, and each retired to his home. The duke and duchess of Burgundy went to Lille, where they staid CHRONICLES OF SIR JOHN FROISSART. some time, and the deputation returned to Ghent. When Peter du Bois saw peace so firmly established that there was not a possibility of any future disturbance or rebellion, he was greatly cast down: he doubted whether to remain in Ghent, considering that now every- CHAPTER I. thing had been pardoned under the seal of the duke, so that none FROISSART GIVES HMIS REASONS FOR VISITING THE COUNVT li. FOoX. were afraid, or whether to accompany the lord Bourchier and the I HAVE been a consderle time witout speaking of the affair Englsh o Eglan. Hvin pai du atentin t al eirumsan. I H4AVE been a considerable time without speaking of the affairs English to England. Having paid due attention to all circumstan- of distant countries. Those nearer home were at the moment so of distant countries. Those nearer ho me we're at the moment so ces, he did not think he could venture to trust himself in Ghent. fresh in my memory, and so much more agreeable, that I have deTrue it is, that Francis Atremen, when he mentioned his itentions layed mentioning others. Such valiant men, however, as were of quitting Ghent, said, "Peter, everything is pardoned; and you desirous of advascing themselves, whether in Castile, Portugal, know, by the treaties made and sealed with my lord of Burgundy, Gascony, Rouergue, Quercy, Limousin, or in Bigorre, did not re. that no one can suffer for what has passed." " Francis," replied main Peter, "1 real pardons do not always lie in letters patent: one nimay in idle, but employed themselves underhand against each other, Peter, " real pardons do not alwatys tie in letters patent: one may t Wh prb de o m ha gt uri n cL intewish to pserforen deeds of arms that might surprise and cots. pardon by word of mouth, and give letters to the same effect, butit so rrd f m ht g uia n hatred may still lie in the heart. I am but a man of low birth, and quer towns, castles, or fortresses. And for this reason,, r John Froissart, having undertaken to indite and chronicle this history at little consequence in the town of Ghent, and yet have done all i y the request and plesure of that high and renowned prince, Guy de the request and pleasure of that high and renowned prince, Guy de power to maintain ita rights and privileges. Do you think, that in Chatillon, count of Blois, lord of Avesnes, Beauvois, Estonnehonne, two or three years hence, the people will remember it? T'here are two or three years hence, the people will remember it? There arde la Geude, my good and sovereign master and lord, considered in persons of high birth in the town; Gilbert Matthew and his brethren, myself that grand deeds of arms would not fall out for a long space who were enemies to my master John Lyon, will return, and will of time in the marches of Picardy and the country of Flanders, never view me but with evil eyes; as will also the relations of sir since there was peace in those parts; and it was very tiresome to me Gilbert Gente and sir Symon Bete, who were slain by me: never to be idle, for I well know, that when the time shall come, when I cane I trust myself safely in this town. And will you venture to recan I trust myself safily i this town. And will you vefitureh to rekn shall be dead and rotten, this grand and noble history will be in much main amuong such traitors, who have broken their faith with the king mal'IIfashion, and all noble and valiant persons wilt t ake pleasme in it, and of England? I swear, that you yourself will in the end suffer." fashion, ad all noble and valiant persons wiI know not what may happen," answered Francis; but I hae such gain from it augmentation of profit. And moreover, since I had, God kncw nt wat ay appll, anwerd Fancs; butI hve uchbe thanked, sense and memory, and a good collection of all past faith in the treaty, and in the promises of my lord and lady of Bur- be thaked, sense and memory, and a good collection of all past gundy, tha I shall certainly stay here."5 things, with a clear understanding to conceive all the facts of which gPeendy, tlsne. madea suplictio to he serifs, eacos, cunI should be informed, touching my principal matters, and since I was Peter du Bo made a supplication to the sheriffs, deacons, con of an age and constitution of body well fit to encounter difficulties, cil, and governors of Ghent, saying, "1My fair gentlemen, I have e -ysu oil, and goveors of Ghent, sayi, My fair gentlem, I have I determined not to delay pursuing my subject. And in order to'0served the good town of Ghent to the, very utmost of my power: erved ood town of Ghen to thekvery utmost of my power: now the truth of distant transactions, without sending upon the many tinmes have I hazarded my life for it: and for all these services inquiry ay other in place of myself, I took an opportunity of visiting the only reward I ask is, that you would have me and mine, my wife tht igh and redoubed prince Gaston Phebus, count de Foix and and children, escorted in safety with the lord Bourchier, whom you de Bharn; for I well knew, that if I were so fortunate as to as have ordered to England." Those present unanimously cosplied do an fr i ehl, at I re s une a o wadmitted into his household, and to remain there in quiet, I could with his wish; and I must say, that Roger Cremin and James d'A~rdmbourg by whom the peace had been mae, weremoreglad thn not choose a situation more proper to learn the truth of every event, dembourg, by whom the peace had been made, were more glad than dt C~mbourg~, bywo hepaehd enmas numbers of foreign knights and squires assembled there from all sorry at hsis departure; as were ilikewise the principal persons en hsory at his depardueae ans were lov wise Pthe principal persons in countries, attracted by his high birth and gentility. It fell out just Ghent, who wished peace and love to all. Peter du Bois made his as I had ima~gined. preparations, and left Ghent in company with lord BouWchier and the d imine I told this my intention to coy very renowned lord the count de Enp, crryoeg with ghiod hisiv whole fortunse; for, in truth, he was Blois, and' also the journey I wished to undertake, who gave me let. wcl[ p~rov:.dcd with gold, silver, and jewels. Sir John d'Elle escorted wei and jewels. Sir John dElle escorted ters of recommendation to the count de Foix. I began my journey, thesm, under a passport from the dulke of Burgundy, as far as the tow inquiring on all sides fo news, and, through the grace of God, con of Calais, rand then returned to Ghent. The lord Bourchier and Pe- tinued it, without peril or hurt, until I arrived at the count's resi. les OSDO 0ois.5010 0s much haste as possible to England, whereh deunce, at Orthi.s in B;arn, on St. Catherine's day in the year of grace was presented to the king and his uncles, to whom he related every- 1388. The count d Foix, as soon as he saW me, gave me a hearty thing which hind happened in the affairs of Ghent, and the means by welcome which peace had been cocluded with the duke of Burgundy, The was whic~ pacehadbee conludd wth he uke f Brgudy.Thewell acquainted with me, though he had never seen me before, but. king, the duke of Lancaster, and his brothers entertained him hand- we acquanted with me thouhe had ne sen me bo ba somlyan wee ellplase tat e indcoe t tem.Th kiighe had frequently heard me spoken of. He retained me in hia oreety, and were well pleased that he had come to them. The hing household, and by means of the letters which I had brought, gavq _,_etained him in his service, and instantly gave him one hundred me full liberty to act as I pleased as long as I should wish to reraair * Atremen was afterwards assassinated. with him. I there learnt the greater part of those events which hadf CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, & c. 359 happened in the kingdoms of Castille, Portugal, Navarre, Arragon, bold enough to abide the event of a battle, if joined by your army, even in England, in the Bourbonnois, and everything concerning the against the force which the count de Transtamare has at this mo. whole of Gascony: he himself, when I put any question to him, ment: and we shall be much dissatisfied with your conduct'f a battle answered it most readily, saying, that the history I was employed on do not take place." Such were the words spoken by the earl of would in times to come be more sought after than any other; " be- Cambridge to the king of Portugal, before his departure, who discause," added he, " my fair sir, more gallant deeds of arms have tinctly heard them; but, nevertheless, he dared not to offer battle to been performed within these last fifty years, and more wonderful the Castillians, although they were within sight of each other. There things have happened, than for three hundred years before." were none of his council who did not say, " Sir, the army of the king of Castille is at this moment too powerful; and if, by accident, you lose the day, you will lose your crown, without a chance of recoverl \ \eve i g it you had better, therefore, en. dure much, than do anything wherein is such great peril and risk." The earl of Cambridge, finding he'ained ac.f2~ >'.could not gain anything, returned to'oix'Psl I will therefoe isbon, ordered his vessels to be learnt~~~~ ~ to~~ add to mymade ready, and took leave of the king of Portugal. When he em ensue; allofwhichbyGodt's~ grbarked, he would not leave his son John with the king and the damsel 1 that was to be his wife, but sailed _j/': B IN for England, leaving none behind. E Such was the end of the Portuguese armament at this season. The earl of Cambridge, on his ar. bridge, s otea noEgnh dpt oPultra oPta anw rival in England, represented to his brother, the duke of Lancaster, how -W_ - <- - the king of Portugal had acted, and the state of the country. The duke became very thoughtful, for he saw the conquest of Castille was very. distant and doubtful: besides, his the heirnephew king Richard, had in his -s-you council those who were unfriendly to him, more especially the earl of _:-__ every gOxford, who had the sole nianage~~2. r-t —.-i.......~5' ment of the king. This lord did sand la/_nce -nd fiord two to- three thousand everything in his power to make a breach between the king and his ~ ~ -~~~-~~~-~~~~ ~uncles. He said to him, "Sir, it FIosasART AT THE COURT or THE COUNT DE Fox. —From a MS. Froissart of the 15th Century. you wish to support your two uncles, my lords of Lancaster and of Cambridge, in their war with Spain, it I was thus received by the count de Foix in his hotel, and enter- will cost you the whole revenue of England, and they will not at last tained according to my pleasure. My wish was to inquire after news gain anything. It will be mo'e prudent to keep at home men and relative to my history, and I had at my option, barons, knights, and money, than that they should be scattered abroad without any profit squires, who gave me information, as well as the gallant count de to yourself: you had better guard and defend your own inheritance, Foix himself. I will therefore illustrate, in good language, all I there which is invaded on all sides from France and Scotland, than employ learnt, to add to my materials, and to give examples to those wor- your men elsewhere." The young king was well inclined to follow thies who wish to advance themselves in renown. If I have hereto- this advice of the earl, for he loved him with his whole heart, they fore dwelt on gallant deeds, attacks and captures, of castles, towns, having been brought up together. The earl of Oxford was connected and forts, on hard-fought battles and skirmishes, many more will now with several English knights, and never acted without the advice of ensue; all of which, by God's grace, I will truly narrate. sir Simon Burley, sir Robert Tresilian, sir Nicholas Bramber, sir _John Beauchamp, sir John Salisbury and sir Michael de la Pole: sir Thomas Trivet and sir William Elmham were also named among C H A P T E R II his advisers. From these differences between the king and his uncles, and the nobles with the commonalty, many serious ills befe' a SHII9GT REPETITION OF WHAT IS CONTAINED IN SOME OF THE PRECEDING~ England, as I shall hereafter relate in the course of this history. CHAPTERS, FOR THE BnETTER UNDERSTANDING THE HISTORY OF THE WAR N long after the departue of the earl of CambidgefromPor BETHEEN TING JOTHN OF CASTILLE D ND THE TASTARD OF IIORTITGAL, tugal, king Fernando fell ill. His disorder, after oppressing him with languor for a year, caused his death. He had no other children but You have before seen in this history,* that Edmund earl of Cam- the queen of Spain. The king of Castille received information that bridge, son of the late king of England, had departed from Portugal, the realm of Portugal was now fallen to him, as the rightful successor and embarked with his army at Lisbon, notwithstanding he had be- to the deceased king. Many councils were holden on this occasion; trothed his son John to the lady Beatrice, daughter of don Fernando but, when they spoke to him on the subject, he replied, "The Portuking of Portugal. The eari was discontented with Fernando, because guese are an obstinate race: I shall never gain them but by conquest." he had remained for fifteen days encamped with his army before The Portuguese, finding themselves without a king, took counsel king John of Castille, without any engagement, and had entered into together, and resolved to send a deputation to a bastard-brother of a treaty with the Castillians against his opinion. This had greatly king Fernando, a valiant and wise man called Denis;* but he was a displeased him; and, when the treaty was negotiating, he thus spoke:- monk, and master of the order of Avis. They declared they had " Sir king, take good heed what you do; for we are not come into much rather be under the government of this valiant man, than of this country to eat, drink, and to rob, but to make war on this son of the king of Castille; for, in the eyes of God, he who acted well was a bastard who calls himself king of Castille and count of Transta- no bastard. The grand-mam-er was exceedingly rejoiced on hearing mare, to conquer our lawful inheritance, which this John de Trans. the universal good will the four principal cities in Portugal bore him; tamare holds and possesses. You well know, that by marriage with and that the affection of Lisbon and the others was so strong, they the heiresses of the kingdom of Castille, daughters of don Pedro, who were desirous of crowning him their king. He secretly wrote to his was your cousin-german, my brother and myself have the claims of friends, and went to Lisbon, which is the principal town in Portugal. right; and you have offered to assist in the recovery of this kingdom The townsmen received him joyfully, and demanded, should they:(for every good lord ought to lean to the lawful right, and not to itsI_________I I__opposite,) by your knight who here stands, and whom you sent to * Froissart mistakes one brother for another. Peter the Severe had three children b3 England to say, that if we would bring into this country two thou- Inds de Castro: Denis, the eldest, was confined at this time in the prisons of Spain sand lances, and froml two to three thouiand archers, with the aid John, the person meant in the text, was the son of Peter by Theresa Laurezzo, ant. you would give us, you had great hopes that we might regain our n- surnamed the Father of his Country. He was grand-master of the order of Avis; and, after the death of his brother Ferdinand, was chosen king, to the prejudice of Beatrice, heritance, I am therefore camne hither, not indleed wit h as many in only child of Fernineninand. Po pe U rban, by dispensation, freed him from his religiious number as you wrote for; ims those I have ar well inclined, and vows irs 1387. He married Philippa, daughter of John of Gaunt duke of Lancaster, by Blanche of Castillo, by whom he had several children. —Moaaam-./rt de VFdsfier tee.:ea p. 300..Dates. 36Q CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. crown him king, would he be good and loyal, and preserve the stable of the army, and sir Reginald de Limousin marshal of it. This country in its privileges? He answered, that he would, and be sir Reginald was a Limousin knight, whom sir Bertrand du Guesclin the best king they ever had. Upon this, the citizens of Lisbon had carried into Castille during the wars of king Henry; he had wrote to those of Coimbra, Oporto and Ourique, which are the conducted himself so faithfully that the king had given him a fair keys of the realm, that for their mutual advantage, they were de- estate and a handsome lady to his wife, by whom he had two sons, sirous to crown king the grand-master Denis, who was wise and Reginald and Henry: he was much esteemed throughout Castille valiant, of good conduct, and brother to king Fernando; for that the for his prowess. With the king of Castille, at this siege, were Dag. kingdom of-Portugal could no longerremain without a head, asweii for henes Mandat, sir Digho Pergement, don Peter Ro!erment and doni fear of the Castillians, as of the infidels at Granada and Bugia, who Marich de Versaux, Portuguese, who had turned to the Castillians. bordered on the country. These four principal towns, and the land The grand-master of Calatrava, with his brother, a young knight proprietors of Portugal, excepting a few great barons and knights, called don Dighemeres,t Peter Goussart de Seville, John Radigo de were inclined to favor his election; but some barons said, it was not Hoyex, and the grand-master of St. Jago. The army before Lisbon right a bastard should be crowned king, if he were not of the best amounted to upward of thirty thousand men: many were the skir. dispositions. The towns replied, that he was so qualified, and that it mishes and gallant deeds of arms performed on each side. was a case of necessity, for they had no other choice; that he was a'rhe Castillians knew well the king of Portugal would not be sup. man of sense and of courage in arms; and there was a precedent in ported by the nobles, for the commonalty had elected him against Henry of Transtamare, who had been crowned king of all Castille, their will; for which reason there were great dissensions between by the choice of the country, for its common advantages, even during them;$ and the king's intentions were to conquer Lisbon and the the lifetime of don Pedro. whole country before he returned, for no assistance, except from The election, whether the nobles would or not, took place: and England, could come to them. This only he feared; but, having Denis was crowned king in the cathedral church of Coimbra, with ccnsidered that the English were at a great distance, and that the the unanimous consent of the commonalty of Portugal. He swore king of England and his uncles were not oni good terms with each to administer justice honestly, to maintain the people in all the rights other, he carried on the siege with security. The army was so and privileges which they had enjoyed from former times, and which plentifully supplied with every sort of provision, there was not a they were entitled to have preserved to them. This gave great satis- town or market in all Castille where was more abundance.~ The faction to all. When news of this was carried to the king of Cas- king of Portugal remained with his people in Lisbon, much at his tille, he was wroth for two reasons: one, because his queen was the ease, for they could not be deprived of the advantage of the sea. legal heiress of Portugal; the other, that the people had crowned a His council advised him to send able enbassadors to England, to king of Portugal by election. He therefore made this a pretext for the king and duke oe Lancaster, to renew the alliance which had war, and demanded from the town of Lisbon two hundred thousand subsisted between the king of England and his brother Ferdinand; florins, which king Fernando had promised him when he espoused to charge the embassadors to ask his daughter Philippa from the his daughter. He sent as embassadors to Portugal the count de duke of Lancaster, who would willingly give her to him fbr his Tierme and de Rebede, and the bishop of Burgos, with a grand suite queen; to offer, under the strongest terms, a perpetual alliance be. of attendants. When arrived at Santarem, the last town of Castille tween the two countries, and to declare he would exert himself so toward Lisbon, they sent a herald to the king and citizens of Lisbon, effectually, if the duke would cime thither with two or three thou to demand passports for the security of their coming ar.d returning. sand combatants, and as mp;iy archers, that he should recover the These were instantly granted. The council of the town were as- kingdoum of Castille, which was his lawful inheritance. Two knights sembled to hear explained the cause of their embassy; at the end of his household, sir Jol.n Rodriguez and sir John Testedor, with a of their harangue they said: "You Lisboners should properly under- clexk of laws called Marche de la Figgiere, archdeacon of Lisbon, stand this matter, and not be surprised if our king, in his anger, de. were nominated to go as embassadors to England.. Having provided mands so large a sum from you, which you are bound to pay him, themselves with all things necessary, they ernbarked with a favorable since you have thought proper to give the noble crown of Portugal wind, and left the harbor of Lisbon, steering for the coasts of England. to a clerk, a monk, and a bastard. This act is not to be suffered: On the other hand, the king of Castille, during his siege of Lisbon, for, by rightful election, it belongs to our kinlg, as the natural lord was advised to write to France and to Gascony, for assistance of and true heir: besides, you have acted contrary to the opinion of the knights and squires,'as the Spaniards naturally imagined that the nobility of the kingdom: therefore, he now declares by us, that you king of Portugal would apply to England, for succors to raise the have been guilty of a high misdemeanor, and if you do not hasten to siege: hlie was not willing, therefore, to be unprepared, nor that his make every reparation, he is resolved to make war upon you." Don army should not be in sufficient strength to resist the united forces Ferdinand Gallopes de Villasons, a noble citizen and of great weight of the Portuguese and English. The king, in consequence of this in Lisbon, thus answered: "My lords, you greatly reproach us for advice, sent letters and messengers to many knights who were anxour election, but your own is in the same predicament, for you have ious to display their courage, more particularly to those of B6arn crowned in Castille a bastard, the son of a Jewess. The fact is and the county of Foix: for in these countries were many good universally known. With regard to the justice of your election, knights, who wished for opportunities of showing their love of arms, there is none; for your king has no right to the crown of Castille: but could not find them, as the count de Foix at this period was at it belongs to the daughters of don Pedro, Constance and Isabella, peace with the count d'Armagnac. These looked-for allies of the who are married to the duke of Lancaster and the earl of Cambridge, kings of Spain and Portugal were not so soon ready, nor near at hand to their children, and to their husbands for them. You may, there. Hostilities still continued to be carried on in Aivergne, the Toulou 2ore, depart when you please, and tell him that sent you, that our sain, Rouergue, and in the country of Bigorre. We will now leave election is good, and shall be upholden; for that we will not have the affairs of Portugal, and speak of others. any other king as long as the present one shall choose to be so. With regard to the sum of money you demand from us, we say that we are no way obliged to pay it: you must therefore call upon those CHAP T E R I I I. who bound themselves to the payment, and who had all the advanTHE COUNT DE FOIX, AT THE ENTREATY OF THE PRINCESS OF WAL E~, Rxtage of it." The king of Portugal was not present at this assembly, TE COUNT D FOI, T THE ENTRETY OF TE RINCESS O, R MITS THE, COUNT D ARMAGNAC SIXTY THOUSAND FRANCS OUT OF El:$ though he well knew what answer his people were to make. The TATS TtE COUNT U'ARMAGNAC SIETY THOUSAND FRANCT OUT OF HI RANSOM OF TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTY THOUSAND. THE ENGLISH GARembassadors from the king of Castille, perceiving they should gain nothing from the Portuguese, took leave, as was becoming them, set RISON AT LOURDEII GOVERNS THE ADJOiNING COUNTRY. out and returned to Seville, where they had left the king and his BETWEEN the county of Foix and Bdarn lies the county of Bigorre.council. Having related all that you have just heard to the king, he which belongs to France, and is bounded on the one side by tht summoned a council to deliberate on what was to be done. It was Toulousain, and on the other by Comminges, and BWarne. In thin determined to send defiances to the king of Portugal and his parti- country of Bigorre is situated the strong castle of Lourde, which sans, and that the king of Castille had just reasons for declaring war has always been regarded as English since the country was given up against them. After these defiances had been sent to Portugal, the to the king of England and the prince, as part of the ransom for king *king of Castille issued a special summons for raising an army, de. John of France, according to the treaty of peace made at Bretigny elaring he would lay siege to Lisbon, and not depart thence until he near Chartres, and afterwards ratified at Calais, as it has already been!;had gained it, for the insolent replies that had been made to his mentioned in the former part of this history. When the prince of,embassadors, so that they should pay dearly if they were obliged to Wales left England to take possession of the duchy of Aquitaine,,sue for mercy. The king of Castille advanced to Santarem with his (which the king his father had given him to hold as a fier and inher,whole force, that being the place of rendezvous. About this period, itance under him, in which were two archbishopricks and twenty.:a knight of Castille, of the name of Navaret, was expelled that court; two bishopricks,) accompanied by the princess of Wales, they resided,and, if the king in his anger had caught him, he would have had at Bordeaux about a year. They were entreated by John count 1im beheaded. The knight, however, had timely notice, for he had d'Armagnac to come'to the handsome city of Tarbes, in the county firiends on the watch, and, quitting the kingdom of Castille, came to of Bigorre, to see and visit that part of the country, which the prince i~lsbon to the king of Portugal, who was much pleased at his arrival, r~retained him.in his service, and made him captain of his knights. *k q_'lmse names are probably very much disfigured, but 1. am unable to rectify them. hDiego Mendoza, Diego Perez Sanniento. Don Peter Ruts Sarmiento, Manriquea;He afterwards did much harm to the Castilhians. D'Aversaula.l —ED. The king of Castitle marched from Santarem with his whole army, tDon Diego Merlo. —ED.: i. e. The nobles and commonalty. 1:to Lisbon, which he besieged~ inde~ising within it the kring. This t The plague broke out in the army, and obliged them to abandon tbe uiege. —E. tPiece lasted upward of a year. T~~vt count de Longuevihle was con- IJJt"Lourlde." capital of the valley of Lavidan, in G ascony, diocese of Tarioes nau ~.,~ege aste upard f a ear.'.x~ cunt e Logueitlewas on-Bagndres. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 361 had never yet done. The count d'Armagnac imagined, that the against France. He sent to Upper Gascony, and B'arn, for some count de Foix would pay his respects to the prince and princess du- knight adventurers to assist him in the war; and many able men ring the time they were in Bigorre; and, as he was indebted to him came to him. He had six captains, each of whom had fifty lances two hundred and fifty thousand francs for his ransom, he thought he or more under his command: his brother, John de B6arn, a gallant would try to prevail on them to request the count de Foix to release squire, Peter d'Anchin de Bigorre, brother-german to the lord d'Anhim from a part, if not the whole of it. The count d'Armagnac chin, who would never turn to the French, Ernauton de Sainte Comanaged so well, that the prince and princess of Wales came with lombe, Ernauton de Montagu, de Sainte Bas:le, and le bourg de their court, which at that time was very numerous and splendid, into Carnela. These captains made many excursions into Bigorre, the Bigorre, and fixed their residence at Tarbes. Tarbes is a handsome Toulousain, the Carcassonois, and on the Albigeois; for the moment town, situated in a champaign country, among rich vineyards: there they left Lourde they were on enemy's ground, which they overran is a town, a city, and a castle, all separated from each other, and in- to a great extent, sometimes thirty leagues from their castle. Tn closed with gates, walls, and towers: the beautiful river Lisse, which their march they touched nothing, but on their return all things were rises in the mountains of B6arn and Catalonia, and is as clear as seized, and sometimes they brought with them so many prisoners rock-water, runs through and divides the town. Five leagues from and such quantities of cattle, they knew not how to dispose of, nor thence is situated the town of Morlans, in the county of Foix, at lodge them. They laid under contribution the whole country except the entrance into Bfarn and under a mountain. Six leagues dis- the territory of the count de Foix; but there they dared not take a tan friom Tarbes is toe town of Pan, which belongs also to the count fowl without paying for it, nor hurt any man belonging to the count, de Foix. During the time the prince and princess were at Tarbes, the or even any who had his passport; for it would have enraged him count was in his town of Pau, erecting a handsome castle adjoining so much that they must have been ruined. to the outskirts of the town, and on the river Gave.* These companions in Lourde had the satisfaction of overrunning As soon as lie was informed of the arrival of the prince and prin- the whole country wherever they pleased. Tarbes, which is situated, cess at Tarbes, he made his preparations and visited themrn in great as I have said, hard by, was kept in great fear, and was obliged to state, accompanied by upward of six hundred h )rse and sixty knights. enter into a composition with them. Between Tarbes and their They were much pleased at his visit, and ettertained him hand- castle is a large village, with a handsome abbey, called Guyors, to somrely, as he was well deserving of it, and ths princess paid him which they did much mischief, but they also compounded with them the most engaging attentions. The count d'Artmagnac and the lord On the other side of the river Lisse is a goodly inclosed town called d'Albieth was present, and the prince was entr sated to request the Bagneres, the inhabitants of which had a hard time of it; for they were count do Foix to release the count firom all, or p'.rt of what he was much harassed by those of Malvoisin, which is situated on a moun. indebted to him for his ransom. The prince being a prudent as well tain, the river Lisse running at the foot of it, in its course toward as a valiant mian, having considered a while, said, he would not do Tournay, an inclosed town. This town of Tournay was the common so, and added: "Count d'Armagnac, you were mnade prisoner by pass for those of Lourde and Malvoisin, to which they did no harm, fair deeds of arms, and in open battle: you put our cousin the counti because they had a free passage, and the townspeople had good bar. de Foix, his person and his men, to the hazard of the fight; and, if gains of their pillage: they were, therefore, forced to dissemble with fortune has been favorable to him and adverse to you, he ought not them, if they were desirous of living, for they did not receive aid or to fare tihe worse for it. Neither my lord and father nor myself succor from any one. The governor of Malvoisin was a Gascon, would have thanked you, if you had entreated us to give back what called Raymonet de l'Esp6e, an able man-at-arms. Those of Lourde we had io-norably and fortunately won at the battle of Poitiers, for and Malvoisin, put under contribution the merchants of Arragon and which we return thianks to the Lord God." The count d'Armagnac, Catalonia equally with those of France. on heari'fg this, was quite thunderstruck: and, notwithstanding he had failed in his expectations, he made a similiar request to the princess, who cheerfully entreated the count de Foix to g;ant her a boon. CHAPTER V. tn ~~~~~~C H A P TER I V.' Madam," replied the count, "I am but a small gentleman, and an insignificant bachelor; therefore, I cannot make large gifts: but, if SIR JOHN FOISSART, IN IS JOURNE TOWARD ARN, IS ACOMPANED the boon you request do not exceed sixty thousand firancs, I grant it." BY A KNIGHT ATTACHED TO THE COSNT as Foix, wOo RELATES TO The princess was anxious to gain the whole; but the count, being I OW THE GARRISON OF LOURDE TOOK ORTINGAS AND LE RAIER, a wary man, paid much attention to all his personal affairs: besides, ON THE RENEWAL OF TE WAR IN GYEE, AFTER TE UTE he suspected this boon regarded the ransom of the count d'Armag- O TE PACE OF BETINY. nac: he therefore continued, " Madam, for a knight like me, who AT the time I undertook my journey to visit the count de Foix, am building towns and castles, the gift I offer you ought to suffice." reflecting on the diversity of countries I had never seen, I set out When the princess found she could not gain more, she said, "Count from Carcassone, leaving the road to Toulouse on the right hand, de Foix, I request and entreat you would forgive the count d'Armag- and came to Monteroral, then to Tonges, then to Belle, then to the nac." "Madamn," answered the count, " I ought to comply with first town in the county of Foix; from thence to Maisieres, to the your request. I have said, that if the boon you solicited did not ex- castle of Sauredun, then to the handsome city of Pamiers,* which ceed sixty thousand francs, I would grant it; the count d'Armagnac belongs to the count de Foix, where I halted, to wait for company owes me two hundred and fifty thousand, and at your entreaty I give that were going to B6arn, where the count resided. I remained in you sixty thousand of them." Thus ended the matter; and the count the city of Pamiers three days: it is a very delightful place, seated d'Armsgnac, by the princess's entreaty, gained sixty thousand francs. among fine vineyards, and surrounded by a clear and broad river, The count de Foix, shortly afterwards, returned to his own country. called the Liege. Accidentally, a knight attached to the count do I, sir John Froissart, make mention of all these things, because Foix, called sir Espaign du Lyon, came thither, on his return from when I visited Foix and B6arn, I travelled through Bigorre, and Avignon: he was a prudent and valiant knight, handsome in person, made inquiry after all that had passed, and what I had not heard and about fifty years of age. I introduced myself to his company, before. I there learnt that the prince of Wales, during his residence as he had a great desire to know what was doing in France. We at Tarbes, had a great desire to see the castle of Lourde, three leagues were six days on the road travelling to Orthez. As we journeyed, distant, among the mountains. When he had fully examined that cas- the knight, after saying his orisons, conversed the greater part of the tie and country, he was much pleased, as well with the strength of the day with me, asking for news; and when I put any questions to place, as its situation on the frontiers of several countries; for those him, he very willingly answered them., On our departure from of Lourde can overrun the kingdom of Arragon to a great extent, and Pamiers we crossed the mountain of Cesse, which is difficult of as. as far as Barcelona in Catalonia. The prince called to him a knight cent, and passed near the town and castle of Ortingas, which belongs of his household, named sir Peter Arnaut, of the country of B6arn, to the king of France, but did not enter it. We went to dine at a who had loyally served him, and in whom he had great confidence: castle of the count de'Foix, half a league farther, called Carlat, he was an expert man-at-arms, and cousin to the count de Foix. seated on a high mountain. After dinner, the knight said: "Let us "Sir Peter," said the prince, "I nominate and appoint you governor ride gently, we have but two leagues of this country (which are and captain of Lourde, asnd regent of the country of Bigorre: now, equal to three of France) to our lodging." " Willingly," answered guard well this castle, so as to give a good account of it to my lord I. " Now," said the knight, "we have this day passed the castle of and father, and to myself." " My lord," replied the knight, "that I Ortingas, the garrison of which did great mischief to all this part of will cheerfully do;" and he instantly did homage and pledged his the country. Peter d'Anchin had possession of it: he took it by faith, when the prince put him in possession of it. surprise, and has gained sixty thousand francs from France." "HIow Now, you must know, that when the war was renewed between did he get so much?" said I. "I will tell you," replied the knight. the kings of France and England, as had been before re!ated,t the " On the feast of our lady, the middle of August, a fair is holden, coun Guy de St. Pol, and sir Hugh de Chastillon, master of the cross- where all the country assemble, and there is much merchandise bows in France, besieged. and took the town of Abbevile, and the brought thither during that time. Peter d'Anchin and his compan. whole country of Ponthieu: about the same tisme, two great barons ions of the garrison of Lourde, had long wanted to gain this town of Bigorre, whose names were sir Marnaut Barbasan and the lord and castle, but could not devise the means. They had, however, in d'Anchin, turned to the French interest, and seized the town and the beginning of May, sent two of their men, of very simple out. castle,f Tarbes, for they were wealdy guarded. The castle of ward appearance, to seek for service in the town: they soon found Lourde wrs under the command of sir Peter Arnaut, of B6arn, who masters, who were so well satisfied with them, that they went in and would not surrender on any terms, but carried on a sharp contest out of the town whenever they pleased, without any one haling tha smallest suspicion of them. "" Gave," is the patois o' a sauntry signifies a river, and that at Pau is tsaus called. "Le GasvB de Pau." —Er. I In 13619-ED. * "tPamiers" —-tree leagues from Foix. eighteen from Teelous. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. -!,t.-August arrived, the town was filled with foreign difficulty to save him from the populace, who wanted to put him to inerch an_,.,la Foix, B~arn, and France: and, you know, when death when they saw him in the hands of their own officer, so much merchaAts vcit, after any considerable absence, they are accustomed was he hated at Toulouse. to drink plantifully together to renew their acquaintance, so that the "Fortunately for him, the duke of Berry chanced to come to lthat houses of tlhe masters of the two servants were quite filled, where city, and he had such good firiends that the duke gave hiam his lib.they drank largely, and their landlords with them. At midnight erty, in consideration of a thousand francs being paid the sneschal Peter d'Anchin and his company advanced toward Ortingas, and hid for his ransom. Le Mengeant, on gaining his liberty, returned to themselves and horses in the wood through which we passed. He Lourde, where he ceased not from his usual enterprises. One time sent six varlets with two ladders to the town, who, having crossed he set out with others, without arms, disguised as an abbot attended the ditches where they had been told was the shallowest place, fixed by four monks; for he and his companions had shaven the crowns their ladders against the walls: the two pretended servants, who of their heads, and no one would have imagined who saw them but were in waiting, assisted them (while their masters were seated at that they were real monks, for they had every appearance in dress table) to mount the walls. They were no sooner up, than one of the and look. In this manner he came to Montpelier, and alighted at servants conducted their companions toward the gate where only two the hotel of the Angel, saying he was an abbot from Upper Gasmen guarded the keys: he then said to them,'Do you remain here, cony going to Paris on business. He made acquaintance with a rich and not stir until you shall hear me whistle; then sally forth and man of Montpelier, called sir Beranger, who was likewise bound for slay the guards. I am well acquainted with the keys, having more Paris on his affairs. On the abbot telling him he would carry him than seven times guarded the gate with my master.' thither free from all expense, he was delighted that the journey "As he had planned so did they execute, and hid themselveswell. would cost him nothing, and set out with le Mengeant attended only He then advanced to the gate, and having listened, found the watch by a servant. They had not left Montpelier three leagues when le drinking: he called them by thjeir names, for he was acquainted Mengeant made him his prisoner, and conducted him through with them, and said,'Open the door: I bring you the best wine you crooked and bye-roads to his garrison of Lourde, whence he afterever tasted, which my master sends you that you may watch the wards ransomed him for five thousand firancs." 4"Holy Maryi!" better.' Those who knew the varlet imagined he was speaking the cried I, " this le Mengeant must have been a clever fellow." "Ay, truth, and opened the door of the guard-room: upon this, he whistled, that he was indeed," replied he; "and he died in his armor at a and his companions sallied forth and pushed between the door, so place we shall pass in three days, called Larre in Bigorre, below a that they could not shut it again. The guards were thus caught cun. town called Archinach." "I will remind you of it," said I., "when ningly, and so quietly slain that no one knew anything of it. They we shall arrive at the spot." then toolk the keys and went to the gate, which they opened, and let down the drawbridge so gently it was not heard. This done, they sounded a horn with one blast only, which those in ambuscade hear- CHHAPTER V. ing, they mounted their horses and came full gallop over the bridge into the town, where they took all its inhabitants either at table or SIX JOHN FROISSART AND THE ENIUBYT OF FOIX ARRIVE AT CASSEREC, in their beds. Thus was Ortingas taken by Peter d'Anchinp of WHERE TIE KNIGHT RELATES TO IE TIE CAPTURE OF TII TOWN Bigorre and his companions in Lourde." BY THE ARMAGNACS, AND ALS0 TiHE IE-CAPrURE OF IT BY THE COUNT I then asked the knight, "But how did they gain the castle?" OE Fo:.~ AND, AS THEY JOURNEY, TE:Y CONVERSE ON AINF'ERENT "I will tell you," said sir Espaign du Lyon. " At the time the town FEATS OF ARS BETWEEN TE ARiGNCS AND FOIXIENS. was taken, by ill-luck the governor was absent, supping with scme THUS rode we on to Montesquieu, a good inclosed town belongmerchants from Carcassone, so that he was made prisoner, and on ing to the count de Foix, which the Armagnacs and LabrissiensS the morrow Peter d'Anchin had him brought before the castle, took by surprise, but held it only three days; in the morning we left wherein were his wife and children, whom he frightened by declaring Montesquieu, and rode toward Palaminich, another inclosed town, he would order the governor's head to be struck off, if they did not situated on the Garonne, and belonging to the count de Foix. When enter into a treaty to deliver up the castle. It was concluded, that we were close to it, and thought of entering it by the bridge over if his lady would surrender, the governor should be given up to her, the Garonne, we found it impossible; for the preceding day it had witi permission to march unmolested away with everything that be- rained so heavily in the mountains of Catalonia and Arragon, that lormld to them. The lady, who found herself in such a critical a river, called the Saluz, which rises among them, and falls inrto the situation, through love to him who could not now defend her, in order Garonne with great rapidity, was so much swollen as to carry away to recover her husband and to avoid greater dangers, surrendered the one of the arches of the bridge, which was of wood. We were castle, when the governor, his wife and children, set out with all that therefore fdrced to return to Montesquieu to dinner, and remain there belonged to them, and went to Pamiers. By this means Peter the whole day. d'Anchin captured the town and castle of Ortingas; and, when they On the morrow, the knight was advised to cross the Garonne, entered the place, he and his companions gained thirty thousand opposite the town of Casseres, in a boat; we therefore rode thither, francs, as well in merchandise which they found there, as in good and by our exertions the horses passed, and we burselves afterwards French prisoners. All those who were from the county of Foix or with some difficulty and danger; for the boat was so small that only B6arn received their liberty, with their goods untouched. two horses and their men could cross at a time with those who man. "Peter d'Anchin held Ortingas for full five years; and he and his aged the boat. When we had crossed, we made for Casseres, where garrison made frequent excursions as far as the gates of Carcassone, we staid the whole day.'While our servants were preparing the which is sixteen long leagues distant, greatly ruining the country, as supper, sir Espaign du Lyon said, "Sir John, let us go and see the well by the ransoms of towns which compounded, as by the pillage town." " Come then," replied I. We walked through the town to they made. During the time Peter d'Anchin garrisoned Ortingas, a gate which opens to Palaminich, and, having passed it, went near some of his companions made a sally, being desirous of gain, and the ditches. The knight, pointing to the walls, said, "Do you obcame to a castle a good league off, called le Paillier, of which Ray- serve that part of the walls?" " Yes, sir: why do you ask?" "I mond du Paillier, a French knight, was the lord.'They this time will tell you: because it is newer than the rest." " That is true," accomplished their enterprise, having before attempted it in vain; answered I. "I will relate to you how this happened ten years ago. and, by means of a scalado, they took the castle, the knight and his You have heard of the wars between the count d'Armagnac and the'ady in bed. They kept possession of it, allowing the lady and count de Foix, which took place in the country of Bearn, that apperrhe children to depart, but detained the knight four months in his tains to the count de Foix: the count d'Armagnac overran it, though own castle, until he had paid four thousand francs for his ransom. at present he is quiet on account of the truces made between them. In short, after they had sufficiently harassed the country, they sold I must say, the Armagnacs and Labrissiens gained nothing, but had these two castles, Ortingas and le Paillier, for eight thousand francs, often great losses. On the night of the feast of St. Nicholas, in the and then retiredto Lourde, their principal garrison. Such feats of winter of the year 1362, the count de Foix made prisoners, near to arms and adventures were these companions daily practicing. Montmarsen, the count d'Armagnac and his nephew the lord d'Al. "It happened lilkewise at this time, that a very able man-at.arms, breth, and many nobles with them, whom he carried to Orthez, and one of the garrison of Lourde, a Gdscon, called le Mengeant de confined them in the tower of the castle; by which capture he reSainte Basile, set out from Lourde with twenty-nine others, and rode ceived ten times told one hundred thousand francs. toward the Toulousain and the Albigeois, seeking adventures. His "It happened afterwards that the count d'Armagnac, father of the wishes were to surprise the castle of Penne in the Albigeois, which present, called Sir John d'Armagnac, set on foot an armament, with he was nearly doing, but failed. When he found he was disap- which he came and took Casseres by scalado: they were full two pointed, he rode up to the gate, where he skirmished, and sev- hundred men-at-arms, who seemed resolved to keep the place by eral gallant deeds were done. At this same hour, the eastellan of force. News was brought to the count de Foix, at Pau, that the Toulouse, sir Hugh de Froide-ville, had also made an excursion Armagnacs and Labrissiens had taken his town of Casseres. He, with sixty lances, and by accident arrived at Penne while this skir- who was a prudent and valiant knight, and prepared for all events mish was gof.ng forward. He and his men instantly dismounted, and called to him two bastard brothers whom he had among his knights, advanced t, the barriers. Le Mengeantwould have made off; but, sir Arnault Guillaume and Sir Peter de B~arn, and ordered them to as that was impossible, he fought valiantly hand to hand with the march instantly to Casseres, telling them he would send men from knight-: he behaved gallantly, and vounded his adversary in two or all parts, and in three days would be there in person. "Be careful, three places, but at last was made prisoner; for he was not the therefore," added he, "that none get out of the town without beinm strongest; and of his men few escapd being killed or taken. Le Mengeant was carried to Toulouse; sad the a~n~chal had gre Labrissiens," those attached to the family eof Iabreth which we call Alblreth.-. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 366 fought with, as you will have strength enough; and on your arrival tance, being then in Bearn, so that they thought it more prudent to at Casseres, make the country people bring you plenty of large pieces pay the ransom, which was settled at five thousand firancs; but they of wood, which you will fix strongly round the gates, and corn- demanded a delay of fifteen days, which was granted to them. The pletely bar them up; for I am resolved that those now in the town count de Foix heard of all this, and, by great haste and sending to shall be so shut up in it, that they never pass through the gates: I all parts for aid, he got into Pamiers through this difficult pass. Asw11 make them take another road." - sistance came to him from several quarters, so that he found himself " The two knights obeyed his orders, and marched to Palami- at the head of twelve hundred lances: he would have given battle, nich, accoipanied and followed by all the men-at-arms in B6arn. without fail, to sir John d'Armagnac, if he had waited for it; but They encamped before the town of Casseres; but those within paid they retreated into the country of Comminges, leaving behind the no attention to them, nor observed that they were so completely shut money from Pamiers,.as they had no time to stay for it. The count in, they could not pass through the gates. On the third day, the de Foix, however, did not hold them quit, but claimed the ransom, count de Foix came with five hundred men-at-arms, and on his arri- as he said he had deserved it; for he had come to their assistance, val had the town encompassed with fortifications of wood, as well and to drive his enemies out of the country. He paid with it his as by his army, that no sally might be made from it in the night. In men-at-arms, and remained there until the good people had harvested this state, without making any attack, he blockaded them until their their corn, finished their vintage, and put all their effects in safety." provisions began to fail; for though they had wine in plenty, they "By my faith" said I to the knight, "I have heard you with pleashad nothing to eat, and could not escape by fording the river, which ure." Thus discouring, we passed near a castle called la Bretite, was then too deep. They therefore thought it better to surrender and then another castle called Bacelles, all in the county of Cornthemselves as prisoners, than shamefully perish with hunger. The minges. count de Foix listened to their offers. He had them informed, that As I rode on, I saw on the other side of the river a very handsome as they could not pass through any of the town-gates, he would make and large castle, with a town of goodly appearance. I asked the a hole in the wall through which the garrison, one by one, must knight the name of this castle. He told me it was called Montespass, without arms, in their common dress. They were forced to plain, and belonged to a cousin of the count de Foix, who bears the accept of these terms, otherwise the business was at an end: and, cows in his arms, named sir Roger d'Espaign. He is a great baron if tne count de Foix had not been thus appeased, all within were and land proprietor in this country and in the Toulousain, and at this dead men. He had a hole made in the wall, which was not too moment is s6neschal of Carcassone. Upon which I asked, " What large, through which they came out one by one. The count was relation was this sir Roger d'Espaign to sir Charles d'Espaign, conthere, with his forces drawn up in battle array; and as they came stable of France?" "He is not of that family," replied the knight; out of the town they were brought before him, and sent to different "for sir Lewis and sir Charles d'Espaign, of whom you are speaking, castles and towns as prisoners. He took there his cousin, sir John came originally from Spain, and were of Spanish extraction; but by d'Anrnagnac, sir Bertrand d'Albreth, sir Manaut de Barbasan, sir their mothers are of French also, and cousins-german to king Al. Raymond de Benach, sir Benedict de la Corneille, and about twenty fonso of Spain. I served in my youth under sir Lewis d'Espaign, in of the most respectable, whom he carried with him to Orthez, and the wars of Brittany: for he was always of the side of St. Charles received fioom them, before they gained their liberty, one hundred de Blois against the count de Moutfort." thousand francs, twice told. For this, my fair sir, was this wall Here ended our conversation on this subject. We came that day broken down, as a passage for those of Armagnac and Albreth: to Gouffers, a good town belongiing to the count de Foix, and on the afterwards it was rebuilt and repaired." When he had finished his morrow to dinner at Moncuil, a strong town also, which belongs to history we returned to our lodgings, and found the supper ready. the king of France and is held by sir Roger d'Espaign. After din. On the morrow we mounted our horses, and riding up the side of ner, we mounted and took the road toward Lourde and Malvoisin, the Garonne, passed through Palaminich, and entered the lands of and rode over heaths that extend fifteen leagues: they are called tile counts de Comminges and d'Armagnac. On the opposite side, Lane-bourg, and are well calculated for those who are evil-inclined. fronting us, was the Garonne, and the territories of the count de Amid the heaths of Lane-bourg is situated the castle de la Mesere, Foix. As we rode on, the knight pointed out to me a town, which belonging to the count de Foix, a good league above the town of appeared tolerably strong, called Marteras le To-ussac, which belongs Tournay and below Malvoisin, which castle the knight showed me, to the count de Comminges; and on the other side of the river, two saying, "See, yonder is Malvoisin: have you not inserted in your castles ofthe count de Foix, seated on a mountain, called Montaural history (of which you have been speaking to me) how the duke of and Monclare. As we were riding among these towns and castles, Anjou, when he was in this country, advanced to Lourde, besieged in a beauti'ul meadow by the side of the Garonne, the knight said: and conquered it, as well as the castle of Trigalet on the river before "Sir John, I have witnessed here many excellent skirmishes and us, and which belongs to the lord de la Barde?" combats between the Armagnacs and the Foixiens; for there was I considered a little, qd replied: " I believe I have not mentioned neither town nor castle that was not well garrisoned with men-at- it, nor have I ever been informed of such an event. I therefore pray arms, who engaged with and pursued each other. Do you see yon- you relate the business, to which I shall attentively listen; but tell der those ruins? They are the remains of a fort which the Armag- me, lest I forget it, what is become of the river Garonne? for I can nacs raised atgainst these two castles, and which they filled with no longer see it." "You say truly," answered the knight; "it loses men-at-arms, who did much damage to the lands of the count de itself between these two mountains. It rises fi'om a spring three Foix, ott the other side of the river; but I will tell you how they leagues off, on the road to Catalonia, below a castle called St. BWart, paid for it. The count de Foix one night sent his brother, sir Peter the last castle of France on the frontiers of Arragon. The governor de B6arn, with two hundred lances and four hundred peasants, laden of it and the surrounding country at this time is a squire named Erwith faggots, and as much wood as they could cut from the hedges, nauton, who is called the bastard of Spain, and cousin-german to which they piled around this fort and set on fire, so that the fort was sir Roger d'Espaign. The moment you see him you will say, he is burnt with all in it, for none received quarter; and since that time formed for a downright man-at-arms. This bastard of Spain has no one has dared to rebuild it." done more mischief to the garrison of Lourde than all the knights With such conversation did we daily travel, travelling toward the and squires of this country put together; and I must say, the count source of the river Garonne, on each side of which were handsome de Foix loves him well, for he is his brother in arms. I will not say castles and.forts. All on the left hand belonged to the count de more of him, for, at the ensuing Christmas, you will see him yourself Foix, and on the other to the count d'Armagnac. We passed Mont- at the hotel of the count; but I will tell you what the duke of Anjou pesae, a fine strong castle, seated on the top of a rock, below which did when he was in this country." is the road and the town. On the outside of it, at the distance of a cross-bow, there is a pass called la Garde, with a tower between the rock and the river, and an iron gate: six men could defend this pass CAPT R I. against all the world, for only two persons abreast can advance between the rock and river. Upon seeing this, I said to the knight, FROISSART CONTINUES HIS JOUENEY WITt THE KNIGHT OF FOIX, wHO Rt. "Sir, this is a strong pass, and a difficult country." "It is, indeed," LATES TO HIM SEVERAL PARTICULAE5 RELATIVE TO THE STEES OF answered the knight; " but, strong as it is, the count de Foix and his BREST AND DERVAL, AND HOW THE DUKE OF ANJOU RECOVERED IALmen once forced it, and advanced to Palaminich, Montesquieu, and VOtSIN AND TRIGALET FROM THE ENGLISH. even to Pamiers. The pass was very strong, but the English archers WE then rode gently, and he began his narration as follows: "At greatly assisted him in this conquest. Come and ride by my side, the first renewal of the war, the French conquered back again from and I willtell you all about it." I then rode by the side of sir Espaing the English all their possessions in Aquitaine, and sir Oliver de Clisdo Lyon, who thus continued his narration: son, having turned to the French interest, conducted the duke of "The co-uit d'Armagnac and the lord d'Albreth invaded the Anjou, as you know, into Brittany to the estates of sir Robert Knolles country of Foix, with upward of five hundred men, and advanced and to the siege of Derval; all which, I dare say, you have in your into those parts near Pamiers. It was in the beginning of August, history, as well as the treaty made by sir Hugh Broc, cousin to sir when the corn was harvesting and the grapes ripe: in that year there Robert, to surrender the castle, for which he had given hostages, was great abundance of both. Sir John d'Armagnac and his people imagining the duke of Anjou to be in such strengtlh that the siege were encamped before the town and castle of Sauredun, a short could not be raised; and you probably relate how sir Robert Kuiohles, league distant from Pamiers. They made an attack on it, and sent having entered the castle of Derval, refused to abide by this treaty." word to Pamiers, that if they did not pay a composition for their ", Truly, sir, I have heard allyou have just related." " And have'porn and wines, they would burn and destroy all. Those of Pamiers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _:wrere afraid of waiting the event, as their l'd was at too great a dis.. * "Montesplain "-Montespan, in the diocese of Commingee. 364 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. you noticed the skirmish which took place before the castle, when will be impossible for me to save yours or your companions' lives, sir Oliver de Clisson was wounded?" " I cannot say," replied I, from the fury of the common people, for which I should be very "that I have any remembrance of it. Tell me, then, what passed at sorry, as you are my cousin. I therefore advise you to surrender this skirmish and at the siege; pernaps you may know more partic. the place, and even entreat you so to do: you cannot be blamed by ulars than I do; and you can return afterwards to the history of any one for it, and seeking fortune elsewhere, for you have held out Lourde and Malvoisin." long enough.' "That is true," said the knight: "I must tell you, however, that "'My lord,' replied the squire,' anywhere but here I would freely sir Garis. sdu Chatel, a very valiant knight of this country and a good do what you advise, for in truth I am your cousin: in this instance, Frenchman, had gone to seek the duke, to conduct him before Mal- I cannot act from myself, for those who are with me have an equal voisin, when the duke had issued his summons to march to Derval: command, though they affect to consider me as their captain. I he made sir Garsis marshal of his army for his valor. It is a truth, will return, and tell them what you have said: if they agree to suras I was informed afterwards, that when sir Garsis found sir Robert render, I shall consent; if they be resolved to hold out, whatever may determined not to keep the treaty, and the castle of Derval not likely be my fate, I must, with them, abide the event.'' This is well said,' to surrender, he came to the duke and asked,' My lord, what shall answered sir Garsis:'you may depart whenever you please, since we do with these hostages? It is no fault nor crime in them if the I know your intention.' castle be not surrendered; and it will be a great sin if you put them " The Bastot de Maui6on returned to the castle, and assembled to death, for they are gentlemen, undeserving such punishment.' iall his companions in the court-yard, to whom he related what sir The duke replied,'Is it right, then, that they should have their lib- Garsis had said, and then demanded their opinions, and what they erty?''Yes, by my faith,' said the knight, who had much com- would do. They debated for a long time: some said they were passion for them.' Go,' replied the duke,' and do with them what strong enough to wait the event: others wished to withdraw, sayyou please.' At these words, as sir Garsis told me, he went to de- ing it was full time for it, as they had no longer any ammunition, liver them, but in his road met sir Oliver de Clisson, who asked him and the duke of Anjon was severe, and the whole country of Touwhence he came, and whither he was going.' I come from my louse and Carcassonne enraged against them for the mischiefs they lord of Anjou, and am going to set at liberty the hostages.''To had done. Everything having been considered, they agreed to surset them at liberty?' said sir Oliver:'stop a little, and come with render the castle, but on condition they should be escorted, them. me to the duke.' On his return, he found the duke very pensive, selves and baggage, to ch&teau Cullie,* which their friends were in Sir Oliver saluted him, and then said,'My lord, what are your in- possession of, on the Toulousain frontier. Upon this, Bastot do tentions? shall not these hostages be put to death? By my faith Maul6un returned to sir Garsis, who granted their demand; for he shall they, in spite of sir Robert Knolles and sir Hugh Broc, who saw the castle was not easy to win by storm, and it would probably have belied their faith: and I would hale you know, if they do not have cost him many lives. They made their preparations to depart, suffer death, I will not, for a year to come, put on a helmet to serve packing up everything they could. Of pillage they had enough, and you; they will come off too cheaply, if they be thus acquitted. This carried away the best part of it, leaving the rest behind them. Sir siege has cost you sixty thousand francs, and you wish to pardon Garsis had them safely escorted as far as chateau Cullie. By this your enemies who keep no faith with you.' At these words, the means did the French gain the castle of Trigalet, which sir Garsis duke of Anjou grew wroth, and said,'Sir Oliver, do with them as gave to the commonalty of the country who had accompanied. him, you list.'' I will, then, that they die; for there is cause for it, since to do with it what they chose. They determined to destroy and they keep not their faith.' He then left the duke and went to the raze it, in the manner you have seen, which was so completely done, square before the castle; but sir Garsis never dared to say one word that no one since has ever thought of rebuildinlg it. in their favor, for it would have been lost labor, since sir Oliver was "Sir Garsis would have marched from thence to castle Nautil. determined upon it. He called to him Jocelin, who was the heads- leux,t which is situated oin the moors near the castle of Lamon,4 to man, and ordered him to behead two knights and two squires, which free it from those companions who had possession of it; but on the caused such grief that upward of two hundred of the army wept. road they told him,' My lord, you have no need to advance further, "Sir Robert Knolles instantly opened a postern-gate of the castle, for you will not find any one in castle Nautilleux: those who were and had, in revenge, all his prisoners beheaded, without sparing one. there are fled, some one way, some another, we know not whither.' The great gate was then opened, and the drawbridge let down, when Sir Garsis, on hearing this, halted in the plain to consider what waU the garrison made a sally beyond the barriers to skirmish with the best to be done. The seneschal de Nobesen happened to be pres. French, which, according to sir Garsis, was a severe business: the ent, who said,'Sir, this castle is within my jurisdiction, and should first arrow wounded sir Oliver de Clisson, who retired to his quarters. be held from the count de Foix: give it me, I beg of you, and I will Among the wounded were two squires from Be'arn, who behaved have it so well guarded at my costs, that no person who wishes ill to themselves well: their names were Bertrand de Barege and Ernau- the country shall ever enter it.''My lord,' added those from Touton du Pin. On the morrow they decamped. The duke marched louse who were by,'he speaks well: the s6neschal is a valiant and with his men-at.-arms from Derval to Toulouse, and from thence to prudent man, and it is better he should have it than another.''I this country, with intent to destroy Lourde, for the Toulousains made consent to it,' said sir Garsis. Thus was the castle of Nautilhmux great complaints of it. What happened there I will tell you. The given to the s6neschal de Nobesen, who rode thither, and, havin duke lost no time in marching his army to the castle of Malvoisin, found it empty, had repaired what had been destroyed. He appolent which we see before us, and laying siege to it. He had in his army governor a squh'e of the country named Fortifie de St. Pol, and then full eight thousand combatants, without reckoning the Genoese and returned to the siege of Malvoisin where the duke was. Sir Garsis the commonalty from the principal towns in that country. and his men had already related to the duke their successful exploit "A A Gascon squire and able man-at-arms, named Raymonet de The castle of Malvoisin held out about six weeks; there were, daily, l'Ep6e, was at that time governor of Malvoisin. There were daily skirmishes between the two armies at the barriers, and the plaoe skirmishes at the barriers, where many gallant feats were done by would have made a longer resistance, for the castle was so strong it those who wished to advance themselves. The duke and his army could have held a long siege; but, the well that supplied the castlo were encamped in these handsome meadows between the town of with water being without the walls, they cut off the communication.i Tournay and the castle, on the banks of the Lisse. During this the weather was very hot, and the cisterns within quite dry, for it had siege, sir Garsis du Chatel, who was marshal of the army, marched not rained one drop for six weeks; and the beseigers were at their with five hundred men-at-arnms, two hundred archers and cross-bows, ease on the banks of this clear and fine river, which they made use and full two thousand common men, to lay siege to the castle of of for themselves and horses. Trigalet, which we have left behind us. A squire of Gascony had " The garrison of Malvoisin were alarmed at their situation, fTar the command of it, for his cousin the lord de la Barde, and was they could not hold out longer: they had a sufficiency of wine, but called le Bastot de Maul6on: he had about forty companions with not one drop of sweet water. They determined to open a treaty, him, who were lords of Lane-bourg; for no one could march through and Raymonet de l'Ep6e requested a passport to wait on the duke, these parts except a pilgrim to the shrine of St. Jago, without being which having easily obtained, he said,'My lord, if you will act made a prisoner, and, if not ransomed, put to death. There was courteously to me and my companions, I will surrender the castle of another strong place, near to le Mesen, of which thieves and robbers Malvoisin.''What courtesy is it you ask?' replied the duke of from all countries made a garrison, called le Nemilleux: it is very Anjou:'get about your business, each of you to your own countries, strong, but always in dispute between the count d'Armagnac and without entering any fort that holds out against us; for if you do so, the count de Foix; and for this reason the nobles paid not any atten- and I get hold of you, I will deliver you up to Jocelin, who will tioa to it when the duke of Anjou came into the country. shave you without a razor.'' My lord,' answered Raymonet,' if we " Sir Garsis, on arriving at Trigalet, had it surrounded on all sides thus depart, we must carry away what belongs to us, and what we put that toward the river, which they could not approach, and a sharp have gained by arms and with great risks.' The duke paused a while, attack commenced, in which many of each party were wounded. and then said,' I consent that you take with you whatever you can Sir Garsis was five days there, and on every one of them were skir- carry before you in trunks and on sumpter-horses, but not otherwise; mnishes; insomuch that the garrison had expended all their ammuni- and, if you have any prisoners, they must be given up to us.''t tion, and had nothing left to shoot with, which was soon perceived agree,' said Raymonet. Such was the treaty, as you hear me relate by the French. Upon this, sir Garsis, out of true gallantry, sent a it; and all who were in the castle departed, after surrendering it to passport to the governor to come and speak with him. When he saw him, he said,'Bastot, I well know your situation; that your * A castle in Auvergno. garrison have no ammunition, nor anything but lances to defend t"Nautiteux." $"Lamen." Denys Sauvage add,. a marginal note''~Juod whiether these two pimmees may not be what he before calls Nemnilleux ana Mesen." themselves with when attacked. Now, if ycu be taken by storm, it Froimart calls it Natilleux and NantiUeox. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 365 the duke ofAnjou, and carrying all they could with them. They re- had well remarked where he had left off and colld again remind him turned to their own country, or elsewhere, in search of adventures: of it, as we had yet to travel together. We were comfortably lodged but Raymonet l'Ep6e turned to the French: he served the duke of at the hotel of the Star. When supper was served, the governor of Anjou a long tine, passed into Italy with him, and was killed in a Malvoison, sir Raymond de Lane, came to see us, and supped with skirmish before the city of Naples. us: he brought with him four flagons of excellent wine, as good as "Thus, my fair sir, did the duke of Anjou at that time conduct any I drank on the road. These two knights conversed long too himself, and win the castle of Malvoisin, which gave him great joy. gether, and it was late when sir Raymond departed and returned to lie inmade governor of it a knight of Bigorre, called sir Ciquart de his castle of Malvoisin. Lupelriere, and afterwards gave it to the count de Foix, who still holds it, and will do so as long as he lives; for it is well guarded by CHAPTER VII a knight of Bigorre, a relation of his, called sir Raymond de Lane. The duke of Anjou having gained possession of Malvoisin, and freed F(OISSART CONTINUES HIS JOURNEY: IN TRAVELLING FROM TOUFNAY TO the country, and all Lane-bourg, of the English and other pillagers, TARES, THE KNIGHT RELATES TO HIM HOW THE GARRISON OF LOURDE laid siege to the town and castle of Lourde. The count de Foix, HAD A SHARP RENCOUNTER WITH THE FRENCH FROM THE ADJACEN'I seeing him so near his territories, began to be very doubtful what his GARRISONS-VITI SEVERAL PARTICULARS TOUCHING THE SIEGE 01 intentions might be. He therefore issued his summons to his knights LOURtO, AND THE DEATH OF THE GOVERNOR, WHO WOULD HOT SUR and squires, and sent them into different garrisons. He placed his RENDR IT TO HIS RELATION THE COUNT HE FOIX. brother, sir Arnaut William, with two hundred lances, in Morlens; Is the morning, we mounted our horses, set out from Tournay, his other brother, sir Peter de B6arn, with the same number of lances, passed the river Lisse at a ford; and, riding toward the city of Tarin Pau; sir Peter de Cabesten, with the like number, in the city of bes, entered Bigorre, leaving on our left the road to Lourde, BagnSres, l'Estrade; sir Mouvant de Novalles in the town of Ilertillet, with one and the castle of Montgaillard. We made for a village called in the hundred lances; sir Crual Geberel in Montgerbiel with the like num- country Terra Cimitat, and skirted a wood, which we afterwards enher; sir Fouquart.d'Orterey in the town of Sauveterre,* with the tered, on the lands of the lord de Barbasan; when the knight said, same; and I, Espaing du Lyon, was sent to Mont-de-marsen with " Sir John, this is the pass of Larre: look about you." I did so, and two hundred lances. There was not a castle in all B6arn that was thought it a very strange country, and should have imagined myself not well provided with men-at-arms: he himself remained to guard in great danger if I had not had the company of the knight. his florins in the castle of Orthez." I recollected what he had said some days before respecting the "Sir," said I to the knight, "has he a great quantity of them?" count'y of Larre and Mengeant de Lourde, and, reminding him of "By my faith," replied he, "1the count de Foix has at this moment them, said, "My lord, you promised that when we came to the coun. a hnildred thousand thirty times told; and there is not a year but he try of Larre, you would tell me more of Mengeant de Lourde, and gives away sixty thousand; for a more liberal lord, in making pres. the mamrer of his death." "It is true," replied the knight: "come ents, does not exist." Upon this I asked, "To whom does he make and ride by my side, and I will tell it you." I then pushed forward these gifts?" He answered, " To strangers, to knights and squires to hear him the better, when he began as follows: who travel through his country, to heralds, minstrels, to all who con.-, "During the time Peter d'Anchin held the castle and garrison of Verse with him: none leave him without a present, for he would be Ortillngas, as I have before related, those of Lourde made frequent angered should any one refuse it." " Ha, ha, holy Mary!" cried I, excursions at a distance firom their fort, when they had not always "to what purpoes does he keep so large a sum? where does it come the advantage. You see those two castles of Barbasan and Marteras, from? Are his revenues so great to supply him with it? I should which had always considerable garrisons: the towns of Bagnfres, lue to know this, if you please." "Yes, you shall know it," an- Tournay, Montgaillard, Salenges, Benach, Gorre, and Tarbes, were swered the knight, " but you have asked two questions: if you wish also full of French troops. When they heard that those of Lourde the-m answered, I must begin with the first. You ask, for what pur- had made any exCrasion toward Toulouse or Carcassonne, they colpose he keeps so large a sum of money: I must tell you, that the lected themselves and formed an ambuscade, to slay them and carry count de Foix is doubtful of war between him and the count d'Ar- off what pillage they should have collected: sometimes several on magnac, and of the manmuvres of his neighbors the kings of France each side were killed, at others those of Lourde passed unmolested. and of England, neither of whom he would willingly anger; and It happened once, that Ernauton de Sanlute Colombe, le Mengeant hitherto he has not taken any part in their wars, for he has never de Sainte Corneille, with six score lanlces, good men-at-arms, set borne arms on either side, and is on good terms with both. I tell out from Lourde, and advanced round the mountains between the you (and you yourself will agree with me when you have made ac. two rivers Lisse and Lesse, as far as Toulouse. On their return, quuaintance with him, and have conversed together, and seen the es- they found in the meadows great quantities of cattle, pigs, and sheep, tablishments of his household,) that he is the most prudent prince which they seized, as well as some substantial men from the flat living, anId one whom neither the king of France nor king of Eng- countries, and drove them all before them. land would willingly make an enemy. With regard to his other "It was told to the governor of Tarbes, a squire of Gascony, neighbors, the kings of Arragon and Navarre, he thinks but little of called Ernauton Biffete, how those of Loulrde were overrunning and them, for he could instantly raise more men-at-arms (so many friends harassing the country, and he sent information of this to the lord de has he made by his gifts, and such power has his money,) than these Benach and to Enguerros de Lane, son of sir Raymond, and also to kings could ever do. I have heard him say, that when the kIing of the lord de Barbasan, adding, hle was determined to attack them. Cyprus was in B36arn and explained to him the intended expedition These iknights and squires of Bigorre, having agreed to join him, to the holy sepulchre, he was so anxious to make that valuable con- assembled their men in the town of Tournay, through which the quest, that if the kings of France and England had gone thither, he garrison of Lourde generally returned. The bourg d'Espaign had would have been the most considerable lord after them, and have led come thither from his garrison of St. B6art, and they were in the the largest army. He has not yet given up this idea, and it is for this whole two hundred lances. They had sent spies inlto the country to reason also he has amassed such wealth. The prince of Wales, like- see what appearance their enemies made on their return. On the wise, when he reigned in Aquitaine, and resided at Bordeaux, in- other hand, those from Lourde had likewise spies on the watch, to duced hlim to collect large sums; for the prince menaced him in observe if there were any men-at-arms out to intercept them: both regard to his country of Bearn, and said hlie would force him to hold parties were so active, that each knew the force of the other. When it from him: but the count de Foix declared he would not, for B6arn those of Lourde heard that the French garrisons were waiting for was free land, and owed no homage to any lord whatever. The them at Tournay, they began to be alarmed, and called a council-to prince, who was then very powerful and much feared, said he would determine how to conduct their pillage in safety. It was resolved make him humble himself; for the count d'Armagnac anid the lord to divide themselves into two parties: one, consisting of servants and d'Albreth, who hated the count de Foix for the victories he had pillagers, was to drive tihe booty, and take bye-roads to Lane-bourg, gained over them, poisoned the prince's mind. The expedition of crossing the bridge of Tournay, and the river Lesse between Tournay the prince ilto Spain prevented hostilities; and sir John Chandos, and Malvoisin; the other division was to march in order of battle on who was the principal adviser and much beloved by the prince, the high grounds, and to make an appearance as if they meant to strenuously opposed this intended war. The count de Foix and sir return by the pass of Larre below Marteras, but to fall back between Johr- Chandos loved each other for their gallant deeds. Barbasan and Montgaillard, in order that the baggage might cross "'1 he count, however, was suspicious of the prince, whom he kInew the river in safety. They were to meet all together at Montgaillard, to be powerful and warlike, and began to amass large sums to aid from whence theywould soon be at Lourde. This plan they executed; and defend himself should he be attacked. He imposed heavy taxes and tie bastard do Carlillac, Guilionet do Harnes, Perot Boursier, on the country and on all the towns, which now exist, and will do so John Calemin de Basselle, and le Rouge Ecuyer, collected forty as long as he lives: each hearth pays two francs per annium, one with lances, with all the servants and pillagers, and said to the m:'You the other; and in this he has found and finds a mine of wealth, for will conduct our plunder and prisoners by the road to Lane-bourg, it is marvellous how cheerfully his subjects pay it. With this, there and then descend between Tournay aid Malvoisin, where you will is not any Englishman, Frenchman, nor pillager, who rob his people cross the river at the bridge: follow then the bye-road between Cim. of a single farthing: his whole country is protected and justice well itat and Montgailiard: we will go the other road by Marteras and administered, for in matters of justice he is the most severe and up- Barbosan, so as to meet all together at Mo'ntgaillard.' On this they righlt lord that exists." With these words we found ourselves in time depalted; and there remailned with the principal division Ernauton town of Tournay, where our lodgings were prepared: the knight, de Resten, Ernauton de Sainte Colombe, le Mengeant de Sainte therefore, ceased speaking; and I made no further inlquiries, for I Comlnile, and fuill eighty companions, all men-at.arms: there were'Sitate n otiut teji varlets among them. They tightened their armor, fixed * S~ituated on thle Gave of Oleron. ~even leagues from Fau. 366 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. their helmets, and, grasping their lances, marched in close order as longer than that at Marteras. The bourg d'Espaign performed won. if they were instantly to engage: they indeed expected nothing else, ders: he wielded a battle-axe, and never hit a man withit but he for they knew their enemies were in the field. struck him to the ground. He was well formed for this, being of a "The French, in like manner as those of Lourde, had called a large size, strongly made, and not too much loaded with flesh. He council respecting their mode of acting. Sir Monant de Barbasan took with his own hand the two captains, the bourg de CornillacS and Ernauton Biscete* said: Since we know the men of Lourde and Perot Palatin de Bearn. A squire of Navarre was there slain, are bringing home great plunder and many prisoners, we shall be called Ferdinand de Miranda, an expert man-at-arms. Some who much vexed if they escape us: let us, therefore, form two ambus. were present say the bourg d'Espaign killed him, others that he was cades, for we are enow for both.' Upon this it was ordered, that le stifled through the heat of his armor. In short, the pillage was res. bourg d'Espaign, sir Raymond de Benach, and Enguerros de Lane, cued, and all who conducted it slain or made prisoners; for not three with one hundred spears, should guard the passage at Tournay, for escaped excepting varlets, who ran away and crossed the river Lesse the cattle and prisoners must necessarily cross the river; and the lord by swimming. Thus ended this business, and the garrison of Lourde de Barbasan and Ernauton Biscete, with the other hundred lances, never had such a loss as it suffered that day. The prisoners were should reconnoitre, if perchance they could come up with them. courteously ransomed, or mutually exchanged; for those who had They separated from each other, and the lord de Benach, and le been engaged in this combat had made several prisoners on each bourg d'Espaign, placed themselves in ambuscade at the bridge be- side, so that it behooved them to treat each other handsomely." tween Tournay and Malvoisin. The other division rode to the spot " Holy Mary!" said I to the knight, "this bourg d'Espaign, is ho where we now are, which is called the Lan'e, and there the two so strong a man as you tell me?" "Yes, that he is, by my troth," parties met. They instantly dismounted, and leaving their horses to said he, "and you will not find his equal in all Gascony for vigor of pasture, with pointed lances advanced, for a combat was unavoidable, body: it is for this the count de Foix esteems him as his brother in shouting their cries,' St. George for Lourde!'' Our lady for Bigorre!' arms. Three years ago, I saw him play a ridiculous trick, which I "They charged each other, thrusting their spears with all their will relate to you. On Christmas-day, when the count de Foix was strength, and, to add greater force, urged them forward with their celebrating the feast with numbers of knights and squires, as is cusbreasts. The combat was very equal; and for some time none were temary, the weather was piercing cold, and the count had dined, struck down, as I heard from those present. When they had suffi- with many lords, in the hall. After dinner he rose and went into a ciently used their spears, they threw them down, and with battle- gallery, which has a large staircase of twenty-four steps: in this axes began to deal out terrible blows on both sides. This action gallery is a chimney where is a fire kept when the count inhabits it, lasted for three hours, and it was marvellous to see how well they otherwise not; and the fire is never great, for he does not like it: fought and defended themselves. When any were so worsted or out it is not for want of blocks of wood, for B6arn is covered with wood of breath, that they could not longer support the fight, they seated in plenty to warm him if he had chosen it, but he has accustomed themselves near a large ditch full of water in the middle of the plain, himself to a small fire. When in the gallery he thought the fire too when having taken off their helmets, they refreshed themselves: this small, for it was freezing and the weather very sharp, and said to done, they replaced their helmets and returned to the combat. I tlo tile knights around him,' Here is but a small fire for this weather.' not believe there ever was so well fought or so severe a battle, as Ernauton d'Espaign instantly ran down stairs; for from the windows tis of Marteras in Bigorre, sinice thb famous combat of thirty Eng- of the gallery, which looked into the court, he had seen a number of lish against thirty French knights in Brittany.t asses with billets of wood for the use of the house, and seizing the "They fought hand to hand, and Ernauton de Sainte Colombe, an largest of these asses, with his load, threw him over his shoulders, excellent man-at.-arms, was on the point of being killed by a squire and carried him up stairs, pushing through the crowd of knights and of the country called Guillonet de Salenges, who had pushed him so squires who were around the chimney, and flung ass and load, withl hard that he was quite out of breath, when I will tell you what hap- his feet upward, on the dogs of the hearth, to the delight of the count, pened: Ernauton de Sainte Colombe had a servant who was a spec- and the astonishment of all, at the strength of the squire, who had tator of the battle, neither attacking nor attacked by any one; but, carried, with such ease, so great a load up so many steps." seeing his master thus distressed, he ran to him, and, wresting thIe This feat of strength did I hear; and all the histories of sir Espaigmn battle-axe from his hands, said,'Ernauton, go and sit down: recover du Lyon gave me such satisfaction and delight, I thought the road yourself: you cannot longer continue the battle.' With this battle- was much too short. While this was relating, we crossed the pass axe he advanced upon the squire, and gave him such a blow on the of Larre, and leaving the castle of Marteras, where the battle was helmet as made him stagger and almostfalldown. Guillonet, smart- fought, passed very near the castle of Barbasan, which is handsome ing from the blow, was, very wroth, and made for the servant to and strong, a league distant from Tarbes. We saw it before us, and strike him with his axe on the head; but the varlet avoided it, and had a good road, easy to be travelled, following the course of the grappling with the squire, who was much fatigued, turned him round, river Leschez, which rises in the mountains. We rode at our leisure, and flung him to the ground under him, when he said,'I will put not to fatiguie our horses; and he pointed out to me, on the other you to death, if you do not surrender yourself to my master.''And side of the river, the castle and town of Montgaillard, and the road who is thy master 7''Ernauton de Sainte Colonbe, with whom you which goes straight to Lourde. It then /ame into my mind to ask have been so long engaged.' The squire, finding he had not the the knight about the duke of Anjou, when the castle of Malvoisin advantage, being under the servant, who had his dagger ready to had surrendered to him, and how he had acted on his march to strike, surrendered on condition to deliver himself prisoner, within Lourde. He very cheerfully told me as follows: fifteen days, at the castle of Lourde, whether rescued or not. Of " When the duke of Anjou marched his army from before Malsuch service was this servant to his master; and, I mnvst say, sir John, voisin, he crossed the Tiver Leschez by the bridge of Tournay, and that there was a superabundance of feats of arms that day performed, lodged at Bagnbres (where there is a handsome river which runs by and many companions were sworn to surrender themselves at Tarbes Tarbes: for that of Tournay takes a different course, and falls into and at Lourde. Ernauton Biscete and le Mengeant de Sanlute Basile the Garonne, below Montmillion) in his way to lay siege to Lourdo. fought hand to hand, without sparing themselves, and performed Sir Peter Arnaut de B6arn, with his brother John, Peter d'Anchin, many gallant deeds, while all the others were fully employed: how- Ernauton de Restin, Ernauton de Sainte Colombe, and le Mengeant, ever, they fought so vigorously that they exhausted their strength, who was then alive, Ferdinand de Miranda, Oliver Barbe, le bourg and both were slain on the spot. Thus fell Ernauton Biscete and le de Corniliac, le bourg Camus, and the other companions within Mengeant de Sainte Basile. Lourde, had good information of his arrival, and had much strength. "Upon this, the combat ceased by mutual consent, for they were ened the place, in all respects, against his coming. Lourde held co worn down that they could not longer wield their axes: some out, inspite of all the attacks they could make on it, for sixteen days aisarmed themselves, to recruit their strength, and left there their consecutively. Many gallant deeds were done, and much mischief rinrms. Those of Lourde carried with them the dead body of le Men- to the town by the machines which the duke brought to bear against geant, as the French did that of Ernauton to Tarbes; and, in order it, so that at length it was conquered; but the garrison suffered that the memory of this battle should be preserved, they erected a nothing, nor lost man, woman, nor child, for they had all retreated cross of stone on the place where these two knights had fought and to the castle, as they knew well the town could not always hold out, died. See, there it is: I point to it." On this, we turned to the being only fortified with palisadoes. right, and made for the cross, when each said an Ave Maria and a "When the French had won the town of Lourde they were much Paar-noster for the souls of the deceased. " By my faith," said I pleased, and, having fixed their quarters in it, they surrounded the to the knight, "I have listened to you with pleasure; and in truth it castle, which was impregnable but by a long siege. T'he duke was was a very severe affair for so small a number; but what became of there upward of six weeks, and lost more than lhe gained; for the those who conducted the pillage?" "I will tell you," replied he. besiegers could not hurt those within the castle, as it is situatem on "At the bridge of Tournay, below Malvoisin, where they intended a perpendicular rock, and can only be approached by ladders, or by to cross, they found the bourg d'Espaign in ambuscade, who, on one pass. There were at the barriers several handsorte skirmmishes their arrival, sallied out upon them, being in sufficient force. Those and deeds of arms, when many squires of France were killed and Of Lourdo could not retreat, and were obliged to abide the event. wounded from having advanced too near. The duke of Anjou, steT must truly say, that the combat was as severe and as long, if not ing he could not gain the castle of Lourde by force, opened a negotiation with the governor, offering him large sums of money if he *" Biscete" —before Biffete. would surrender his garrison. The knight was a man of honor, and t This celebrated combat took place between thirty English under the command of excused hinmself by saying,'the garrison was not his; and that he Bembro (who seems inconsiderately to have engaged in it) and thirty French under could neither sell, give, nor alienate the inheritance of the kin Beaumanei- at the ~ak half way between Plomirmel and Josselin, in the year 13o1. — -- Bee note, page 92. * Before C(arailat. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c, 367 Eagland, unless he were a traitor, which he scorned to be, and would Having received these five strokes from the dagger, the count ordered remain loyal to his natural lord. When the fort was intrusted to him to be cast into the dungeon, which was done; and there he died, him, it was on condition that he swore solemnly on his faith, in the for he was ill cured of his wounds. hands of the prince of Wales, to guard and defend the castle of "HHa, holy Mary," said I to thile knight,' was not this a great act Lourde until death, against every man whatever, unless he were sent of cruelty?" "Whatever it was," said he, "so it happened, and ill to him from the king of England.' No other answer could be had betide him who angers the count, for then he pardors none Ho from him, in reply to all the offers and promises they made; so that, kept his cousin-german, the viscount Chateaubon, even though he is when the duke and his council saw they could not gain anything, his heir, eight months prisoner in the castle of the tower of Orthbs, they broke up the siege of the castle of Lourde; but, on their de- and then ransomed him for forty thousand francs." "What, sir," camping, they burnt the town to the ground. said I, "has not the count de Foix any children?" " Eh, in God's "The duke retreated with his army along the frontiers of B6arn name, not in lawful marriage; but he has two young knights, bas. toward Montmarsen: he had heard that the count de Foix had rein- tards, sir Jenuain and sir Gracien, whom you will see, and whom forced all his garrisons with men-at-arms. This did not displease he loves as well as himself." "And was he never married?" "Yes, him so much as that the Bearn men should hold out Lourde against and is so still, but madame de Foix does not live with him." " Where him; but he could never obtain anything satisfactory on this head. does she reside?" "She lives in Navarre, for the king of Navarre The count de Foix, as I have mentioned before., was very suspicious is her brother: she was daughter of king Louis of Navarre."* of the intentions of the duke, who did him no harm, though the count "The count de Foix, had he never any children by her?" " Yes d'Armagnac and the lord d'Albreth wished him to act otherwise; a very fine son, who was the delight of his father and of the counbut he was not so inclined. While he was encamped between try: through him' the country of BWarn, which is in dispute, would Montmarsen and the high lands of Albreth, he sent sir Peter de have been settled, for his wife was the sister of the count d'Ar. Beuil to Orthbs, where on his arrival he was handsomely received by magnac.1" "And pray, sir, may I ask what became of this son?" the count de Foix and lodged in the castle. He entertained him "Yes," replied he; " but the story is too long at present, for we are, splendidly, and presented him with fine horses and mules, and to his as you see, arrived at the town." people gave other gifts: he sent by him to the duke of Anjou four At these words I left the knight quiet; and we soon after entered beautiful horses and two Spanish grayhounds, so handsome and -good T'arbes, where we were very comfortable at the hotel of the Star. there were none like them. Some secret negotiations passed be- We remained there the whole of that day, for it was a commodious tween the count and sir Peter de Beuil, of which we knew nothing place, to refresh ourselves and horses, having good hay, good oats, for a long time; but, from circumstances which shortly happened, and a handsome river. we suspected what I will now tell you, and by that time we shall arrive at Tarbes. "Soon after the duke of Anjou had ended his expedition and was CHAPER VIII. returned to Toulouse, the count de Foix sent letters by a trusty mes- DURING THE JOURNEY FROM TARBES TO MORLENS, THE KNIGHT OF FOIL senger to his cousin sir Peter Arnaut de B6arn at Lourde, for him to RELATES TO FROISSART THE QUARREL AND RECONCILIATION BETWEEN come to Orthis. The kniaht on receivivng these letters and noticing THE DUIKE OF BERRY AND THE COUNT DE FOIX-AND ALSO THE eAUSE the bearer, who was a man of high rank, became very thoughtful OF THE WAR BETWEEN HIM AND THE COUNT D'ARMAGNAc. and doubtful whether to go or not: however, on full consideration, ON the morrow, after mass, having mounted our horses and left he said he would go, for he was unwilling to offend the count de Tarbes, we came to Jorre, a town which has always gallantly de. Foix. When on the point of departure, he called his brother, John fended itself against the garrison of Lourde. We passed by it, and de BWarn, and said to him, in presence of the garrison:'My lord, entered Bearn, when the knight stopped in the plain and said, "We the count de Foix has sent for me; on what account I know not, are now in B6arn." There were two roads that crossed each other, but since he is desirous I should come to him, I will go. I suspect and we knew not which to take, whether that to Morlens or to Pau: very much that I shall be required to surrender this castle;for the at last we followed that to Morlens. duke of Anjou has marched along the frontiers of his country with- In riding over the heaths of BWarn, which are tolerably level, 1 out entering it, and the count de Foix has long wished for the castle asked, in order to renew our conversation, "Is the town of Pan near of Malvoisin, in order to be master of Lane-bourb and the frontiers us? "1 Yes," said he, " I will show you the steeple; but it is much of Bigorre and Comminges. I am ignorant if any treaties have been further off than it appears, and the roads are very bad to travel on made between him and the duke of Anjou; but I declare, that as account of the deep clays,t and it would be folly for any one to long as I live, I will never surrender the castle of Lourde but to my attempt going through them that is not well acquainted with the natural lord the king of England. I therefore order you, brother country. Below are seated the town and castle of Lourde." "And John, should I appoint you to the command of it, that you swear to who is governor of it now?" "John de B6arn, brother to sir Peter me, upon your faith and gentility, you will hold it in the same man. de BWarn that was murdered, and he styles himself sdneshcal of B1. ner as I do, and that you will never fail in so doing for life or death.' gorre for the king of England." "Indeed!" said I, "and does John took the oath as his brother required, who then set out for this John ever visit the count de Foix?" "Never since the death Orthbs, where on his arrival lle dismounted at the hotel of the Moon. of his brother; but his other companions, such as Peter d'Anchin, "When he thought it was decent time to wait on the count, he Ernauton de Restin, Ernauton de Sainte Colombe, and others, go went to him at the castle, who received him most amicably, made thither, whenever they have occasion." "Has the count de Foix him sit at his table, and showed him every mark of attention. Din- made any amends for the murder of the knight? or has he ever nor being over, the count said,'Peter, I have many things to talk again beeri in such passions?" "Yes, very often," replied the with you upon: therefore, you must not go away without my leave.' knight; "but as for amends, he has never made any, except indeed The knight answered,'My lord, I will cheerfully stay until I have by secret penances, masses, and prayers; he has with him a son of your permission to depart.' The third day the count addressed him, John de Bearn, a young and courteous squire, whom he greatly in the presence of the viscount de Gousserant, his brother, the lord loves." d'Anchin in Bigorre, and several knights and squires, and so loud "Holy Mary!" exclaimed I, "since the duke of Anjon was so that all heard him:'Peter, I have sent for you, to acquaint you, that desirous to gain Lourde, he ought to be well pleased with the count my lord of Anjou is very angry with me, on account of the garrison de Foix, who could murder a knight and his cousin, to accomplish of Lourde which you command. Through the good offices of some the duke's wishes." "By my faith, he was so; for soon after the friends I have in his army, my territories have narrowly escaped event of his nephew coming to the crown of France, he sent si being overrun; and it is his opinion, and others in his company who Roger d'Espaign and a president of the parliament of Paris, with hate me, that I support you, because you are of BWarn. Now I do fair letters patent engrossed and sealed, of the king's declaration that not wish to incur the anger of so powerful a prince as the duke of he gave him the county of Bigorre during his life, but that it was Anjou: I therefore command you, under pain of my displeasure, necessary he should become liege man and hold it of the crown of and by the faith and homage you owe me, to give up the castle of France. The count de Foix was very thankful to the king for this Lourde to me.' mark of his affection, and for the gift of Bigorre, hich was unso. "The knight was thunderstruck on hearing this speech, and licited on his part; but, for anything Roger d'Espaign could say or thought awhile what answer to make; for he perceived the'count do, he would never accept it. He only retained the castle of MaL had spoken in a determined manner. Having considered, he said, voisin, because it was free land, and the castle and its dependencies'My lord, in truth I owe you faith and homage, for I am a poor held of none but God, and formerly had been part of his patrimony. knight of your blood and country; but, as for the castle of Lourde, I The king of France, to please the duke of Anjou, gave it to the will never surrender it to you. You have sent for me, and you may count de Foix; but the count swore he would only hold it on contherefore do: with me as you please. I hold the castle of Lourde dition never to admit into it any one ill inclined to France; and in from the king of England, who has placed me there; and to no truth he had it well guarded. The garrison of Malvoisin would other person but to him will I ever surrender it.' The count de have been as much afraid of the English as any other French or Foix, on hearing this answer, was exceedingly wroth, and said, as Gascon garrison, but they dared not invade the territories of Foix.' he drew his dagger,'Ho, ho! dost thou then say so? By this head, I was much pleased with this history of sir Espaign du Lyon, thou hast not said it for nothing.' And, as he uttered these words, which I have well remembered; for as soon as we dismounted at our he struck him foully with the dagger, so that he wounded himr severely in five places, and none of the barons or knights dared to * Ines or Agnee, wife of Gaston Phcebus, count de Foix, was daughter of Joan of interfere The knight replied,'Ha, ha, my lord, this is not gentle Navarre and Philip VI. king ofFrance. —ED..' t Les graves-Places situated on the banks of rivers, and covered witht moving treatment- you have sent for mo hither, and are murderbig mne.' rrands.-ED CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. inns, 1 wrote all down, whether it was late or early, that posterity much displeasure in living with myhusband, sir John de Boulogne, might have the advantage of it, for there is nothing like writing for son of the count de Boulogne. I expected he would have recovered the preservation of events, for me mine inheritance of Comminges from the count d'Armagnac We rode this morning to Morlens; but, before we arrived, I again who not only keeps it, but has confined my sister in prison; but my began the conversation by saying, " ]My lord, I have forgotten to ask husband is too soft a knight, whose sole delight is eating and drink you, when you were telling me the history of Foix and Armagnac, ing, and enjoying his pleasures; and the moment his father dies, ho how the count de Foix was able to dissemble with the duke of Berry, will sell the greater part of his estates to multiply his luxuries: it is who had married a daughter and sister to the counts d'Armagnac? for these reasons I cannot live with him. I have also brought my and if the duke of Berry made war on him, how he behaved?" "How daughter with me, whom I deliver up to your charge, and appoint he behaved?"-said the knight: "I will tell you: in former times, you her guardian, to instruct and defend her; for I well know that, the duke hated him mortally; but at this moment, by means which from our relationship, you will not disappoint me; and I have the you will hear, when at Orthbs, they are very good friends." "My greatest confidence in the care you will take of my daughter Joan. It lord, was there any reason for the duke's hatred I" "Father of was with much difficulty I could get her from her father's hands, God! no," replied the knight: "I will tell you the cause of it. and out of the country; but as I know the Armagnacs, your adver. When Charles king of France, father to the present king, died, the saries as well as mine, are capable of carrying her off, being the true kingdom was divided into two parties respecting its government. My heiress of Comminges, I deliver her to you; therefore do not fail m4 lord of Anjou, who was impatient to go to Italy, and indeed this he in the business, I entreat of you; for I firmly believe, that when my afterwards did, took possession of it, and set aside his two brothers husband shall know I left her under your care, he will be pleased, the dukes of Berry and Burgundy. The duke of Berry had the having frequently said, that this girl would give him much trouble.' government of those parts within the Langue d'Oc, and the duke of "The count de Foix was delighted to hear his cousin, the lady Burgundy of the Langue d'Ouy and all Picardy.* Eleanor, thus talk, and thought in his own mind (for he has a very "When the inhabitants of Languedoc heard that my lord of Berry fertile imagination,) that this girl was brought to him very oppor. was to govern them, they were much alarmed, especially those of tunely, as by her means he could make a stable peace with his eneToulouse and its dependencies; for they knew the duke to be a rmies, or marry her so nobly they would fear him. He answered, spendthrift, who would get money any way he could, without caring'Madame and cousin, I will most cheerfully comply with your rehow he oppressed the people. Some Bretons still remained in the quest: I am bounden to do it by our relationship. With regard to Toulousain, Carcassonnois and Rouergue, whom the duke of Anjou your daughter, I will defend, and be as careful of her as if she were had left, and they pillaged the whole country: it was reported the my own child.''A thousand thanks, my lord,' said the lady. Thus duke of Berry supported them, in order to be master of the principal did the young lady of Boulogne remain with the count at his house towns. The duke himself was not at the time I am speaking of' in in Orthes, which she has never since quitted, and the lady her mother Languedoc, but attending the king in the wars in Flanders. The pursued her journey to Arragon. S'he has returned to see her two citizens of Toulouse, who are a powerful body, perceiving how young or three times, but has never asked to have her back; for the count the king was and how much occupied with the affairs of his uncle acquits himself toward her as if she were indeed his own child. But the duke of Burgundy in Flanders, and that they were perpetually I must tell you the msrns by which, if formerly he was in the ill plundered by Bretons and other pillagers, so that they knew not how graces of the duke de Berry, he is now on good terms. The duke to prevent it, sent to the count de Foix offers of paying him a certain at this moment is very desirous to marry her; and from what I heard sum monthly, if he would undertake the government and defence of at Avignon from the pope, who spoke to me on the subject, and who their city and the other neighboring towns. They entreated him very is cousin-gernian to her father, the duke will employ him to ask for earnestly to comply with their request, because they knew him to be him, as he is determined to make her his wife." an upright man, a great lover of justice, fortunate in his affairs, and " By holy Mary,"said I to the knight, "your history has givenme much feared by his enemies. The inhabitants of Toulouse have much pleasure and done me service: you shall not lose a word you always borne him great affection, for he has ever been a good neigh- have said, for they sh2a!' be chronicled with everything I say and bor to them. do, if God grant Me health to return again to Valenciennes, of which " He undertook the charge of their government, and swore to hold place I am a native; but I am very angry at one thing." "What is and defend the country in its right against all who were ill inclined, that?" said the knight. "1 On my faith, it is, that so noble and valwith the reservation of the rights of the king of France. He instantly iant a prince as the count de Foix should not have any legal heirs ordered considerable detachments of men-at-arms on the different by his wife." " Please God he had," replied the knight; "for if his roads the pillagers used to take; and one day he had hanged or child were now alive, he would be the happiest lord in the world, drowned upward of four hundred of them, at Robesten in the Tou- and his vassals be equally rejoiced." "What!" said I, "will his lousain, which gained him so much the love of those of Toulouse, estates be without an heir?" "Oh, no: the viscount de ChtteauCarcassonne, Beziers, Montpelier and the other towns, that it was bon, his cousin-german, is his heir." " Is he a valiant man-at-arms?" reported Languedoc had revolted and chosen for its lord the count "God help him! no; and for that reason the count de Foix cannot de Foix. The duke of Berry, who had the government of it, was ill bear him. He will make his two bastard-sons, who are young and pleased at this intelligence, and conceived a great hatred to the count handsome knights, his heirs, and intends to connect them very highly de Foix, for interfering so much in the affairs of' France, and for his by marriage; for he has money enough, which will find them wives supporting the people of Toulouse in their revolt. He ordered men, to uphold and assist them." "Sir," said I, "all this is very well; at-arms into that country, but they were severely repulsed by the but I do not think it just nor decent that bastards should inherit partisans of the count de Foix, and were forced to retreat, or ihey lands." " Why not?" added he, "if proper heirs be wanting. Do would have suffered forit. This angered the duke still more; he not you see how the Spaniards crowned for king the bastard don said the count de Foix was the proudest and most presumptuous man Henry? and the Portuguese have done the same thing. It has frie. in the world; and he would not suffer his name to be mentioned with quently happened, that bastards have gained possession of several praise in his presence; but he did not make war against him, for kingdoms by force. Was not William the Conqueror bastard-son of the count had all his towns and castles so well garrisoned, none dared a duke of Normandy! He won all England, as well as the kIing's to invade his territories. daughter who then governed, and was himself king, and from him "When the duke of Berry entered Languedoc, the count resigned all the kings of England are descended." the government, and would not any way meddle, in prejudice to the "' Well, sir," said I, " all this may be well, for there is nothing dulke; but his dislike still continued as great as ever. I will now but what may happen. Surely those of the Armagnac party are too say a word of the means that established peace between them. About strong, and this country must always be at war. Tell me, my dear ten years ago,t Eleanor de Comminges (at present countess of Bou- sir, the first origin of the wars between Foix and Armagnac, and logne, a near relation to the count de Foix, and lawful heiress to the which had the fairest cause." "That I will, by my faith," answered county of Comminges, notwithstanding tlke count d'Armagnac was the knight: "It has, however, been a wonderful war, for each in possession) came to the count de Foix at Orthhs, bringing with thinks he has justice on his side. You must know, that formerly, her a young girl, three years old. The count entertained her hand- I imagine about one hundred years from this time, there was a lord somely, inquired her business, whence she came, and whither going? of B'arn called Gaston,* a most gallant man-at-arms: he was buried'My lord,' said she,'I am going to my uncle and aunt-in-law, the with great solemnity in the church of the Frsres Mineurs, at Orth~s, count and countess de Durgueil, in Arragon, there to remain; for I have where you will find him and may see of what a size he was in body and limbs, for during his lifetime he had a handsome resemblance "It is very probable these two denominations had been in use before thIe ordinance made of him, in brass. This Gaston had two daughters;t the old. of Philip le Bel in 1304 and 1305. It is in another ordinance of Charles VI. 1394, which est of whom e married to the count dArmagna of that period, states the crown of France to be divided into Langue d'Oc, and Langue d'Ol. The word Langue was employed anciently for nation or province: in the order of Malta, and the youngest to the count de Foix, nephew to the king of Arra. the term is preserved at present. Guillaume de Nangis, in his chlronicle, points out the gon. The counts de Foix still bear those arms (for they are de. environs of Paris by the name of Langue d'Oil, in the year 1344, where an epidemical scended from the kings of Arragon,) which are paly or and gules; Lisorder began to desolate the country toward the end of August. In la Salade, by and this, I believe, you know. It happened that the lord of Bgarn Anthony de li Salle, about 14d0, he speaks of an unknown knight, whom he supposes from Languedloc,'because he and the greater part of his attendants used in theirspeech Or, thre language which is spoken at Saint-Jago of Compostella.' * Gaston VII. of the house of Mongada. He began to reign in 1232, and died, April "All these general distinctions ceased from the time of Francis I. There is not any',22 1290. LIe built the castle of Orthds. —ED. mention after that period, in the treasury receipts, of the Langue d'Oc nor of the Lan- t Gaston VII. had fossr daughters and no heir male. These four daughters wer gue s'Oil. The Langue d'Oe was considered as the country south of the Loire, and tihe Constance, the eldest, who married the infant of Arragon; Margaret, who married Rn L, nguss d'Gil, or Picarde, to the north of it,"-ST. PALAYE,.Mem. de l'.carddmie, ger Bernard, count de Foix; Amata, who married the count of Armavoy.e: e.nd gu;I vol. xxiv. t This took place in 1t382. —ED. lemette, married after the death of her father. —Et. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPA TN, &c 6 nad a severe and long war with the king of Castille of that tine, l he found himn in his gallery, for a little before that hour he had dined -rho, marching through Biscay with a numerous army, entered B6arn. It was a custom with the count, which he had followed from his in. Sir Gaston de Be'arn, having intelligence of his march, collected fancy, to rise at noon* and sup at midnight. people from all quarters, and had written to his two sons-in-law, the The knight informed him of my arrival, and I was instantly sent counts d'Armagnac and de Foix, to come with all quickness with for; for he is a lord above ill others who delights to see strangers, their forces, to assist him in the defence and preservation of his in order to.hear news. On my entering, he received me handsomely inheritance. and retained me of his household, where I staid upward of twelve "On the arrival of these letters, the count de Foix assembled his weeks well entertained, as were my horses. Our acquainitance was vassals as speedily as possible, and sent for assistance to all his strengthened by my having brought with me a book which I had'riends. He exerted himself so effectually, that he collected five made at the desire of Winceslaus of Bohemia, duke of Luxembourg hundred knights and squires and two thousand footmen armed with and Brabant. In this book, called le Meliador, are contained all the javelins, darts and shields: accompanied by these, he marched into songs, ballads, roundelays and virelays, which that gentle duke had Bgarn to assist the lord his father, who was much delighted there- composed, and of them I had made this collection. Every night af. with. This army crossed the river Bane by the bridge of Orth.s, ter supper I read out to him parts: during which time neither he and took up their quarters between Sauveterre and l'H6pital. The nor any one else spoke, for he was desirous I should be well heard, king of Castille, with full twenty thousand men, was encamped not and took much delight in it. When any passages were not perfar from them. Sir Gaston de B'arn and the count de Foix, expect- fectly clear, he himself discussed them with me, not in his Gascon ing the count d'Armagnac, waited for him three days: on the fourth language, but in very good French. a herald arrived from the count d'Armagnac with letters to sir Gas- I shall relate to you several things respecting him and his house. ton, to say he could not come, and that it was not agreeable to him hold, for I tarried there as long as I could gain any information. to arm in behalf of the country of Be'arn, for at present he had not Count Gaston Phobus de Foix, of whom I am now speaking, was any interest in it. Sir Gaston, perceiving he was not to have any at that time fifty-nine years old; and I must say, that although, assistance from the count d'Armagnac, was much astonished, and have seen very many knights, kings, princes and others, I have never asked the count de Foix and the barons of B6arn, how he should seen any so handsome, either in the form of his limbs and shape, or act:' My lord,' replied the count de Foix,' since we are assembled, in countenance, which was fair and ruddy, with gray and amorous we will offer battle to your enemies.' This advice was followed, eyes, that gave delight whenever he chose to express affection. He and instantly they all armed: they might be about twelve hundred was so perfectly formed, one could not praise him too much. He men with helmets, and six thousand on foot. loved earnestly the things he ought to love, and hated those which. "The count de Foix, with the van division, charged the king of it was becoming him so to hate. He was a prudent knight, full of Castille and his army in their quarters. The battle was very severe enterprise and wisdom. He had never any men of abandoned and bloody: upward of two thousand Castillians were slain. The character with him, reigned prudently, and was constant in his devocount de Foix made prisoners the son and brother of the king of tions. There were regular nocturnals firom the Psalter, prayers Castille, whom he sent to sir Gaston'de B'arn, who commanded the fi'om the rituals to the Virgin, to the Holy Ghost, and from the burial rear division. The Castillians were completely defeated. The service. He had every tay distributed as alms, at his gate, five count de Foix pursued them as far as the gates of St. Andero in florins in small coin, to al comers. He was liberal and courteous Biscay, where the king took refuge in an abbey, and put on a monk's in his gifts; and well kne: how to take when it was proper, and to. frock, otherwise he would have been taken: those saved themselves give back where he had confidence. He mightily loved dogs above, who could, on board of vessels. The count de Foix on his return all other animals; and during the summer and winter amused him-. to sir Gaston de B6arn, was received by him with much joy, as in- self much with hunting. He never liked any foolish works nor, deed he had reason, for he had saved his honor and secured the ridiculous extravagancies; and would know every month the amount: country, which otherwise would have been lost. This battle and of his expenditure. He chose from his own subjects twelve of the defeat of the Castillians, and the capture of the son and brother of most able to receive and administer his finances: two of them had, the king, induced him to accede to a peace with the lord de B6arn the manageme,:t for two months, when they were changed for two, on such terms as he dictated. others; and from them he selected one as comptroller, in whom lihe "Sir Gaston de Bdarn, on his return to Orthhs, in the presence ofr placed his greatest confidence, and to whom all others rendere d their' all the knights of Bearn and Foix, took the count de Foix by the hand accounts. This comptroller accounted by rolls or written books, and said:'Fair son, you are indeed my son, my loyal son, and have which were laid before the count. He had certain coffers in his: secured for ever my honor and the honor of my country. The count apartment, from whence he took money to give to different knights, d'Armagnac, who married my eldest daughter, has excused himself squires or gentlemen, when they came to wait on him, for none ever, from assisting in the defence of my inheritance, in which he was so left him without a gift; and these sums he continually increased, in much interested. I therefore declare, that he has forfeited and shall order to be prepared for any event that might happen. He eivas lose whatever share he may have expected from it in behalf of my easy of access to all, and entered very fireely into discourse, though daughter. You, count de Foix, shall inherit the whole of my territory la6onic in his advice and in his answers. He employed four secre.. of B6arn after my decease, you and your heirs for ever. I entreat and taries to write and copy his lettel"s; and these secretaries were obliged command all my subjects to agree with me, and to seal this gift, which to be in readiness the moment he came out firom his closet. He I present to you, my fair son of Foix.' All present answered,'My called them neither John, Walter, nor William, but his good-for lord, we will most cheerfully do so.' Thus did the former counts de nothings, to whom lie gave his letters after he had read them, either Foix become lords of BWarn: they bear the arms and the name, and to copy, or to do anything else he might command. have the war-cry and profit. However, the Armagnaes have not the In such manner did the count de Foix live. When he quitted his. less urged their claims, to those rights they say they are entitled chamber at midnight for supper, twelve servants bore each a lighted to; and this is the cause of the quarrel and war between Armag. torch before him, which were placed near his table, and gave a brilnac, Foix and B6arn." liant light to the apartment. The hall was full of knights and squires;~ "By my faith," said I to the knight, "you have perfectly well and there were plenty of tables laid out for any person who chose to, explained the matter. I never before heard anything of it, but, sup. No one spoke to him at his table, unless he first began a consince I now do, I will perpetuate it, if God grant that I return to versation. He commonly ate heartily of poultry, but only the wings. my own country. But there is one thing more I could wish to and thighs; for in the day-time, he neither ate nor drank much. He know: what caused the death of the son of the count de Foix?" had great pleasure in hearing minstrels, as he himself wasa profi-. The knight became pensive, and said, "It is too melancholy a sub- cient in the science, and made his secretaries sing songs, balla-ds and ject: I therefore wish not to speak of it; but when you are at Or- roundelays. He remained at table about two hours; and was pleased7i thbs, if you ask, you will find many theie who will tell you the when fanciful dishes were served up to him, which having seen, he. whole history." I was obliged to content myself with this answer; immediately sent them to the tables of his knights and squires. so we continued our journey until we arrived at Morlens. In short, everything considered, though I had before been in several courts of kings, dukes, princes, counts, and noble ladies, I was never at one that pleased me more, nor was I ever more delighted with ~~~~CHAPTER IX. ~feats of arms, than at this of the count de Foix. There were knights. C HA P TER I X. and squires to be seen in every chamber, hall and court, going back. SIR JOHN FROISSART ARRIVES AT ORTHES. AN OLD SQUIRE RELATES TO wards and forwards, and conversing on arns and amours. EveryHIM THE CRUEL DEATH OF THE ONLY SON OF THE COUNT DE FOIX, AND thing honorable was there to be found. All intelligence from distant IHOW STRENGE DREAMS AFFECTED SIR PETER DE BEARN BASTARD-BRO- countries was there to be learnt; for the gallantry of the count had TIER TO THE COUNT. brought visitors from all parts of the world. It was there I vas inOt the morrow we set out, and dined at Montgerbai, when hay- formed of the greater part of those events which had happened in lug remounted, and drank a cup at Ercie, we arrived by sunset at Spain, Portugal, Arragon, Navarre, England, Scotland, and on the Orthes. The knight dismounted at his own house: and I did the borders of Languedoc; for I saw, during my residence, koighto and same at the h6tel of the Moon, kept by a squire of the count, called squires arrive from every nation. I therefore made inquiries from Ernauton du Pin, who received me with much pleasure on account them, or from the count himself, who cheerfully conversed with me of my being a Frenchman. Sir Espaign du Lyon, who had accom-. I was very anxious to know, seeing the hbtel of the count so spa. panied me, went to the castle, to speak with the count on his affairs: cious and so amply supplied, what was become of his son Gaston1 T " Que ila HouohoHt el ~evolt I haute. nosne;" that i8 to say, he took his raDIning * This was probanly about the year Il183. —Ev. Qlafh ou P 370 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND. FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. and by what accident he had died, for sir Espaign du Lyon would of Navarre had told him, replied, he would cheerfully do as he had oever satisfy my curiosity. I had made so many inquiries, that at said; and on this he departed from Pampeluna, on his return to last an old and intelligent squire informed me. He thus began his Orth~s. His father the count de Foix received him with pleasure, ~~t~,~a~~~~~e ~~~ ~and asked what was the news in Navarre, and what presents and "It is well known that the count and countess de Foix are not on jewels had been given him; he replied,'Very handsome ones,' and good terms with each other, nor have they been so for a long time. showed them all, except the bag'which contained the powder. This dissension arose firom the king of Navarre, who is the lady's "It was customary, in the hotel de Foix, for Gaston and his bas~tard brother. The king of Navarre had offered to pledge himself for the brother Evan to sleep in the same chamber: they mutually loved lord d'Albreth, whom the count de Foix held in prison, in the sumn each other and were dressed alike, for they were nearly of the same of fifty thousand francs. The count de Foix, knowing the king of size and age. It fell out, that their clothes were once mixed together; Navarre to be crafty and faithless, would not accept his security, and, the coat of Gaston being on the bed, Evan, who was malicious which piqued the countess, and raised her indignation against her enough, noticing the powder in the bag, said to Gastol,'What is husband: she said,' My lord, you show but little confidence in the this that you wear every day on your breast?' Gaston was not pleased honor of my brother, the king of Navarre, when you will not trust at the question, and replied,'Give me back my coat, Evan: you have him for fifty thousand francs; if' you never gain more from the nothing to do with it.' Evan flung him his coat, which Gaston put Armagnacs and Labrissiens than you have done, you ought to be on, but was very pensive the whole day. Three days after, as if God contented: you know that you are to assign over my dower, which was desirous of saving the life of the count de Foix, Gaston quarrelled amounts to fifty thousand francs, into the hands of my brother: with Evan at tennis, and gave him a box on the ear. The boy was therefore you cannot run any risk for repayment.''Lady, you say vexed at this, and ran crying to the apartment of the count, who had truly,' replied the count;'but if I thought the king of Navarre just heard mass. The count, on seeing him in tears, asked what was would stop the payment for that cause, the lord d'Albreth should the matter.'In God's name, my lord, replied Evan,'Gaston has never leave Orthis until he had paid me the utmost farthing. Since, beaten me, but he deserves beating much more than I do.''For however, you entreat it, it shall be done, not out of love to you, but what reason?' said the count, who began to have some suspicions. out of affection to my son.' Upon this, and firom the assurance of'On my faith,' said Evan,'ever since his return from Navarre, he the king of Navarre, who acknowledged himself debtor to the count wears on his breast a bag of powder: I know not what use it can be de Foix, the lord d'Albreth recovered his liberty: he turned to the of, nor what he intends to do with it; except that he has once or French interest, and married a sister of the duke of Bourbon. He twice told mle, his mother would soon return hither, and be more in paid, at his convenience, to the king of Navarre the sum of fifty your good granes than ever she was.''H o,' said the count,'hold thousand fi-ancs, according to his obligation; but that king never thy tongue, and be sure thou do not mention what thou hast ju't told repaid them to the count de Foix. me to any man breathing.''My lord,' replied the youth,' I will "1 The count on this said to his wife,'Lady, you must go to your obey you.' The count de Foix was very thoughtful on this subject, brother in Navarre, and tell him that I am very ill-satisfied with him and remained alone until dinner-time, when he rose up, and seated for withholding from me the sum he has eceived on my account.' himself as usual at his table in the hall. His son Gaston always The lady replied, she would cheerfully g, thither, and set out from placed the dishes before him, and tasted the meats. As soon as he Grthbs with her attendants. On her arriva at Pampeluna, her brother had served the first dish, and done what was usual, the count cast his the king of Navarre received her with nMtch joy. The lady punc- eyes on him, having formed his plan, and saw the strings of the bag tUally delivered her message, which when the king of Navarre heard, hanging from his pourpoint. This sight made has blood boil, and he he replied,'My fair sister, the money is yours, as your dower from said,'Gaston, come hither: I want to whisper you something.' The the count de Foix; and, since I have possession of it, it shall never youth advanced to the table, when the count, opening his bosom, 4o out of the kingdom of Navarre.''Ali, my lord,' replied the lady, undid his pourpoint, and with his knife cut away the bag.'iTe you will by this create a great hatred between the count de Foix young man was thunderstruck, and said not a word, but turned pale and me; and, if you persist in this resolution, I shall never dare with fear, and began to tremble exceedingly, for he was conscious he return, for my lord will put me to death for having deceived him.' had done wrong. The count opened the bag, took some of the pow-'I cannot say,' answered the king, who was unwilling to let such a der, which he strewed over a slice of bread, and, calling a dog to him, sum go out of his hands,'how you should act, whether to remain or gave it him to eat. The instant the dog had eaten a morsel his eyes return; but as I have possession of the money, and it is my right to rolled round in his head, and he died. The count on this was very keep it for you, it shall never leave Navarre.' wroth, and indeed had reason: rising from table, he would have "The countess de Foix, not being able to obtain any other answer, struck his son with a knife; but the knights and squires rushed in remained in Navarre, not daring to return home. The count de between them, saying,'For God's sake, my lord, do not be too hasty, Foix, perceiving the malice of the king of Navarre, began to detest but make further inquiries before you do any ill to your son.' The his wife, though she was no way to blame, for not returning after she first words the count uttered woere in Gascon;' Ho, Gaston, thou had delivered his message. In truth, she was afraid; for she knew traitor! for thee, and to increase thy inheritance which would have'her husband to be cruel when displeased with any "ne. Thus things come to thee, have I made war, and incurred the hatred of the kings remained. Gaston, the son of my lord, grew up, and became a fine of France, England, Spain, Navarre, and Arragon, and have borne young gentleman. He was married to the daughter of the count myself gallantly against them, and thou wishest to murder me! Thy d'Armagnac, sister to the present count and to sir Bernard d'Ar- disposition must be infamously bad: know therefore thou shall die:magnac; and by this union peace was insured between Foix and with this blow.' And leaping over the table with a knife in his Armagnac. The youth might be about fifteen or sixteen years old: hand, he would have slain him: but the knights and squires again:he was a very handsome figure, and the exact resemblance of his interfered, sand on their knees said to him with tears,'Ah, ah! my father in his whole form. lord, for Heaven's sake, do not kill Gaston: you have no other child. "He took it into his head to make a journey into Navarre, to visit Let him be confined and inquire further into the business. Perhaps;his mother and uncle; but it was an unfortunate journey for him and he was ignorant what was in the bag, and may therefore be blame. for this country. On his arrival at Navarre, he was splendidly enter- less.'' Well,' replied the count,'let him be confined in the dungeon, mined: and he staid some time with his mother. On taking leave, but so safely guarded that he may be forthcoming.' The youth was he could not prevail on her, notwithstanding his remonstrances and therefore confined in this tower. The count had many of those who entreaties, to accompany him back; for, the lady having asked if the served his son arrested, hut not all; for several escaped out of the count de Foix, his father, had ordered him to bring her back, he re- country: in particular, the bishop of Lescar,* who was much sue-;plied, that when he set out, no such orders had been given, which pected, as were several others. He put to death not less than fifteen, caused her to fear trusting herself with him. She therefore remained, after they had suffered thi torture; and the reason he gave was, that and the heir of Foix went to Pampeluna to take leave of his uncle. it was impossible but they must have been acquainted with the The king entertained him well, and detained him upward of ten secrets of his son, and they'ought to have informed him by saying, days: on his departure, he made him handsome presents, and did the' My lord, Gaston wears constantly on his breast a bag of such and same by his attendants. The last gift the king gave him was the such a form.' This they did not do, and suffered a terrible death for cause of his death, and I will tell you how it happened. As the it; which was a pity, for there were not in all Gascony such hand. youth was on the point of setting out, the king took him privately some or well-appointed squires. The household of the count de Foix into his chamber, and gave him a bag full of powder, which was of was always splendidly established. such pernicious quality as would cause the death of any one that ate "This business went to the heart of the count, as he plainly of it.'Gaston, my fair nephew,' said the king,'will you do wvat I showed; for he assembled at Orthhs all the nobles and prelates of am about to tell you? You see how unjustly the count de Foix Foix and B:arn, and others the principal persons of the country. hates your mother, who being my sister, it displeases me as much as When they were met, he informed them of the cause of his calling it should you. If you wish to reconcile your father to your mother, them together, and told them how culpable he had found Gaston: Vou,hust take a small pinch of this powder, and when you see a insomuch that it was his intention he should be put to death, as he proper opportunity, strew it over the meat destined for your father's thought him deserving of it. They unanimously replied to this table; but take care no one sees you. The instant he shall have speech:' My lord, saving your grace's favor, we will not that Gaston tasted it, he will be impatient for his wife, your mother, to return to be put to death: he is your heir and you have hone other.' When him; and they will love each other henceforward so strongly they [ the count thus heard his subjects declare their sentiments in favor of will never again be separated. You ought to be anxious to see this lhis son, he hesitated, and thought he might sufficiently chastise him accomplished. Do not tell it to any one: for, if you do, it will lose by two or three months' confinement, when he would send hrn on it8 effect.' The youth, who believed everything his uncle the king " s* " Teacar"a- city in Beam. about one league ftom Pau. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, Lc. 371 his travels for a few years, until his ill conduct should be forgotten, I Lady save yourself; for if don Pedro lay hands on you, he will put and he feel giatefill for the lenity of his punishment. He therefore you to death, or at least imprison you, for he is much enraged that dissolved the meeting; but those of Foix would not qi:it Orthos until you should say he strangled his queen, sister to the duke of Bourbon the count had assured them Gaston should not be put to death, so and the queen of France, in her bed; and your evidence is more great was their affection to him. He complied with their request, readily believed than any other, for you were of the bed-chamber.' but said he would keep him some time in prison. On this promise, For this reason, the countess Florencede Biscaye quitted the court. those who had been assembled departed, and Gaston remained a try with few attendants, as one naturally wishes to fly from d-ath, prisoner in OrthOs. News of this was spread far and near, and passed through Biscay and came hither, when she told my lord her reached pope Gregory XI. who resided at Avignon: he sent instantly history. the cardinal of Amiens, and his legate, to Bdarn, to accommodate "The count, who is kind and affectionate to all ladies and damsels, this affair; but he had scarcely travelled as far as Beziers, when he had compassion on her, detained her at his court, and placed hlier heard he had no need to continue his journey, for that Gaston the son with the lady de la Karasse, a great baroness of this country, and of the count de Foix was dead. I will tell you the cause of his provided her with all things suitable to her rank. Sir Peter de B1arn, death, since I have said so much on the subject. The count de Foix his brother, was at that time a young knight, and had not then tlhs had caused him to be confined in a room of the dungeon where was custom of fighting in his sleep, but was much in the good graces of little light: there he remained for ten days. He scarcely ate or drank the count, who concluded a marriage for him with this lady, and re. anything of the food which was regularly brought to him, but threw covered her lands from don Pedro. She has a son and daughter by it aside. It is said, that after his death, all the meat was found un- sir Peter, but they are young, and with her in Castille, for she would touched, so that it is marvellous how he could have lived so long. not leave them with their father; and she has the right of enjoying The count would not permit any one to remain in the chamber to the greater part of her own lands." advise or comfort him: he therefore never put off the clothes he had " Holy Mary!" said I to the squire, "how came the knight to on when lhe entered his prison. This made him melancholy and have such fancies, that he cannot sleep quietly in bed, but must rise vexed him, for he did not expect so much harshness: he therefore and skirmish about the house! this is very strange." "By my faith," cursed the hour he was born, and lamented that he should come to answered the squire, "they have frequently asked him, but he knows such an end. On the day of his death, those who brought him food nothing about it. The first time it happened, was on the night followsaid,'Gaston, here is meat for you.' He paid not any attention to ing a day when he had hunted a wonderfully large bear in the woods it, but said,'Put it down.' The person who served him, looking of Bearn. This bear had killed four of his dogs and wounded many about, saw all the meat untouched that he had brought thither the more, so that the others were afraid of him; upon which sir Peter last days: then, shutting the door, he went to the count and said, drew his sword of Bordeaux steel, and advanced on the bear with My lord, for God's sake, look to your son: he is starving himself in great rage, on account of the loss of his dogs: he combated him his prison. I do not believe he has eaten anythingsince his confine- a long time with much bodily danger, and with great difficulty ment; for I see all that I have carried to him lying on one side un- slew him, when he returned to his castle of of Languedudon, in Bistouched.' On hearing this, the count was enraged, and, without cay, and had the bear carried with him. Every one was astonished saying a word, left his apartment and went to the prison of his son. at the enormous size of the beast, and the courage of the knight who In an evil hour, he had in his hand a knife, with which he had been had attacked and slain it. When the countess of Biscay, [is wife, paring and cleaning his nails; he held it by the blade so closely that saw the bear, she instantly fainted, and was carried to her chamber, scarcely the thickness of a groat appeared of the point, when, pushing where she continued very disconsolate all that and the following day, aside the tapestry that covered the entrance of the prison, through ill and would not say what ailed her. On the third day she told her luck, he hit his son on a vein of his throat, as he uttered,' Ha, traitor, husband,'she should never recover her health until she had made a why dost thou not eat?' and instantly left the room, without saying pilgrimage to St. James's shrine at Compostella. Give mc leave, or doing anything more. The youth was much frightened at his therefore, to go thither, and to carry my son Peter and my daughter father's arrival, and withal exceedingly weak from fasting. The point Adrienne with me: I request it of you.' Sir Peter too easily cornof the knife, small as it was, cut a vein, which as soon as he felt he plied: she had packed up all her jewels and plate unobserved by any turned himself on one side and died. The count had barely got one; for she had resolved never to return again. back again to his apartment when the attendants of his son came and " The lady set out onil her pilgrimage, and took that opportunity of said,'My lord, Gaston is dead.'' Dead!' cried the count.'Yes, visiting her cousins the king and queen of Castille, who entertained God held me! indeed he is, my lord.' The count would not believe her handsomely. She is still with them, and will neither return her. it, and sent one of his knights to see. The knight, on his return, self nor send her children. The same night he had hunted and killed confirmed the news. The count was now bitterly affected, and cried the bear, this custom of walking in his sleep seized him. It is ru. out,' Iia, ha, Gaston i what a sorry business has this turned out for mored, the lady was afraid of something unfortunate happening, the thee and me! In an evil hour didst thou go to visit thy mother in moment she saw the bear, and this caused her fainting; for that. her Navarre. Never shall I again enjoy the happiness I had formerly.' father once hunted this bear, and during the chase, a voice cried out, He then ordered his barber to be sent for, and was shaven quite though he saw nobody,' Thou huntest me: yet I wish thee no ill; bare: he clothed himself, as well as his whole household, in black. but thou shalt die a miserable death.' The lady remembered this The body of the youth was borne, with tears and lamentations, to when she saw the bear, as well that her father had been beheaded the church of the Augustin friars at Orthes, where it was buried. by don Pedro without any cause; and she maintains that something Thus have I related to you the death of Gaston de Foix: his father unfortunate will happen to her husband; and that what passes now killed him indeed, but the king of NavarTe was the cause of this sad is nothing to what will come to pass. I have told you the story of event." sir Peter de B6arn," said the squire, "in compliance with your My heart was much affected at this recital of the sguire of B.arn wishes: it is a well-known fact; and what do you think of it?" relative to the death of Gaston; and I was truly sorry for the count I was pensive at the wonderful things I had heard, and replied, his father, whom I found a magnificent, generous, and courteous lord, "I do believe everything you have said: we find in ancient authors and also for the country that was discontented for want of an heir. I how gods and goddesses formerly changed men into beasts, accord. then took leave of the squire, after having thanked him for the ing to their pleasure, and women also into birds. This bear, therefore, pleasure his narration had given me. I saw him frequently after- might have been a knight, hunting in the forest of Biscay, when he, wards in the h6tel de Foix, when we had always some conversation. perchance, angered some god or goddess, who changed him into a I once asked him about sir Peter de Bearn, bastard-brother to the bear, to do penance, as Acteon was transformed into a stag." "Account, who seemed to me a knight of great valor, and if hlo were rich teen!" cried the squire: "my good sir, do relate it, for I shall be or married. "Married indeed he is," replied he, "but neither his very happy to listen to you." "According to ancient authors, we wife nor children live with him." " For what reason?" said I. "I read that Acteon was a handsome and accomplished knight who will tell you," replied the squire. loved dogs and the chase above all things. He was once hunting a " Sir Peter de BWarn has a custom, when asleep in the night-time, stag of a prodigious size: the chase lasted the whole day, when he to rise, arm himself, draw his sword, and to begin fighting as if he lost his men and his hounds; but, eager in pursuing the stag, he came were in actual combat. The chamberlains and valets who sleep in to a large meadow, surrounded by high trees, in which was a founhis chamber to watch him, on hearing him rise, go to him, and inform tain, where the goddess of Chastily and her nymphs were bathing him what he is doing: of all which, he tells them, he is quite ignorant, themselves. The knight came upon them so suddenly that they and that they lie. Sometimes they leave neither arms nor sword in were not aware of him, and he had advanced so far he could not re.his chamber, when he makes such a noise and clatter as if all the treat. The nymphs, in their fright, ran to cover their mistress, whose devils in hell were there. They therefore think it best to replace the modesty was wounded at thus being seen naked. She viewed the arms, and sometimes he forgets them, and remains quietly in his bed." knight over the heads of her attendants, and said,'Actoon, who. I a.gain asked, if he had a large fortune with his wife. "Yes, in ever has sent thee hither has no great love for thee: I will not, that God's name had he," says the squire; "but the lady keeps posses. when thou shalt go hence, thou brag of having seen me naked, as sion of it, and enjoys the profits, except a fourth part, which sir Peter well as my nymphs; and for the outrage thou hast committed, thotu has." "And where does his lady reside?" "She lives with her shalt perform a penance. I change thee, therefore, into the form of cousin the king of Castille: her father was count of Biscay and the stag thou hast this day hunted.' He was instantly transfornned cousin-german to don Pedro, who put him to death. He wanted also into a stag, who naturally loves water. Thus it may have happened to lay hands on this lady, to confine her. He seized her lands, and with regard to the bear whose history you have told me. and the as long as he lived she received nothing from them. It was told her, countess may have had some knowledge or some fears which at Ihe whme. by the death of her father, she became countess of Biscayj moment she would not discover: she therefore ou.'ht to be excirse 172 u CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. for what she has done." The squire answered, "It may perchance sand francs. The following year I was in Prussia with the count be so;" and thus ended our conversation. de Foix, and his cousin the captal, under whose command I was, On our return, we found the duchess of Normandy, the duchess of Orleans, and a great number of ladies and damsels, shut up in C H A P T E R. Meaux in Brie. The peasants had confined them in the marketplace of Meaux, and would have violated them, if God had not sent 1HE COUNT DE FOIl IHOLDS SOLEMN FESTIVALS ON THE FEAST OF ST. us thither: for they were completely in their power, as they NICHOLAS AND AT CHRISTMGAS; DURING WHICHn FROISSART BECOMES amounted to more than ten thousand, and the ladies were alone. ACQUAINTED WITH BASTOT DE aIAULEON, WHO RELATES TO HIM, AMONG Upward of six thousand Jacks were killed on the spot, and they OTHER THINGS, HOW SEVERAL OF THE CAPTAINS OF THE FREE COM- never afterwards rebelled..ANIES WERE DEFEATED BEFORE TIlE TOWN OF SANCERRE. HOW HIE " At this time there was a truce between the kings of France and SURPRISED TILE TOWN OF THIURIE IN THE ALBIGEOIS, AND HOW ONE OF England, but the king of Navarre continued the war on his own per. THE NAME OF LIMIOUSIN REVENGED AN OUTRAGE COMMITTED AGAINST sonal quarrel with the regent of France. The count de Foix reHIM BV LOUIS RAIMBAUT. turned to his own country, but my master and self remained with AMONG the solemnities which the count de Foix observes on high the.king of Navarre and in his pay. We made, with the help of festivals, he most magnificently keeps the feast of St. Nicholas, as I others, a severe war on France; particularly mii Picardy, where we learnt from a squire of his household the. third day after my arrival took many towns and castles in the bishoprics of Beauvois and at Orthbs. He holds this feast more splendidly than that of Easter, Amiens: we were masters of the country and rivers, and gained and has a most magnificent court, as I myself noticed, being present very large sums of money. When the truce expired between on that day. The whole clergy of the town of Orthhs, with all its France and England, the king of Navarre discontinued his war, as inhabitants, walk in procession to seek the count at the castle, who peace had been made between him and the regent. The king of on foot returns with them to the church of St. Nicholas, where is sung England crossed the sea with a large army, and laid siege to Rheims, the psalm "Benedictus Dominus, Deus meus, qui docet manus meas whither he sent for the captal, who at that time was at Clermont in ad prcelium, et digitos meos ad bellum," from the Psalter of David, Beauvoisis, carrying on the war on his own account. We joined which, when finished, recommences, as is done in the chapels of the the king of England and his children. But," said the squire, " I pope or king of France, on Christmas or Easter days, for there were fancy you must have written all this, and how the king of England plenty of choristers. The Bishop of Painiers sang the mass for the day; and I there heard organs play as melodiously as I have ever heard in any place. To speak briefly and truly, the count de Foix was perfect in per - son and in mind; andl no contempo- -- rary prince could be compared with him for sense, honor, or liberality. At the feasts of Christmas, which he' kept with great solemnity, crowds of knights and squires from Gascony waited on him, to all of whom he gave b f the bourg d'Espaigu, of whose sur- nn prisilg strength sr Espaign du Lyo bad told me, which made me more n desirousa to see him, and the count showed hi t many civilities. I saw also knightre from Arragon and England l which last were of the household of the duke of Lancaster, who at that ilme resided at Bordeaux, fir atti whom the count received very gr, ciously, aid preselnted with hand- h some gicfts. a I niade acquaintance with these o knights, and by therom was infor amed n of several things which bad happened in Castille, Navarre, and Portugal, in which I shall clearly detail in proper - time and place. I saw there also a Gascon squire, called le Bastot de aulon, T n expe rt me Ilat-arms, wa nd Bshoe 0 aaldeS sinCging the Mass at the Festival of St Nicholas, held by the Count do Foix The Organ drawn from about fifty years old, accordin to his Harl MS. 3469, and the Costume from a MS Froissart of Fifteeath Century. appearance. He arrived at the batel of the Moon, where I lodged with Ernaiuton d Pin, in grand array, having led horses with him like to broke up his siege through famine, anrid how he came before Char a great baron, and lie and his attendants were served on plate of tres, and how peace was made between the two kings." " That is gold and silver. XWhen I heard his name, and saw how much re- true," replied I: "I have all this, as well as the treaties which were spect the count de Foix and all the others paid him, I asked sir Es- then concluded." Upon this Bastot de Mauldon thus continued his paign du Lyon, "LIs not this the squire who quitted the castle of narration: Trigalet, wilen the duke of Anjou lay before Mauvoisin?" "9 Yes," "This treaty of peace being concluded, it was necessary for all ieplied be; "and he is as able a captain and as good a man-at-arms men-at-arms and free companies, according to the words of the as any existing." Upon this I besought his acquaintance, as be was treaty, to evacuate the fortresses or castles they held. Great numlodged in the same b6tel as mnyself, with a cousin of his, a Gascon, hers collected together, with many poor companions who had learnt calied Arnauton, governor of Carlat in Auvergne, whom I well the art of war under different commanders, to hold councils as to knew, and who assisted n3Ye in it, as did also the bourg de Copaire.* what quarters they should march, and they said among themselves, One night, as we were sitting round the fire chatting and waiting that though the kings had made pea~ce with each other, it was nefor midnight, which was the hour the count supped, his cousin be; cessary for them to live. They marched into Burgundy, where gan a conversation relative to his former life, and asked him to tell they bad captains of all nations, Germans, Scots, and people from his adventures ard success in arms, without concealing loss or profit, every country. I was there also as a captain. Our numbers in is he knew he could well remember them. Upon this he said, Burgunldy, above the river Loire, were upward of twelve thousand,'Sir John, have you in your chronicle what I am going to speak including all sorts; but I must say, that in this number, there were of?" "I do not know," replied I: "but begin your story, which I three or four thousand good men-at-arms, as able and understanding i. e. ne assisted him. ers, and by the towns and castles which they taok in the archbila CHRONICLES OF E NGLAND, FRANCE, tPA1N, &c 37. opric of Lyons on the river Rh'none. They carried on their warfare discovered, and known to the town of Sancerre. A valiant squire until they had gained the Pont du St. Esprit: and. the pope and car- from the lower part of Burgundy, called Guichart d'Albigon, was at dinals would not have been freed from them until they had destroyed the time governor of the town, who took great pains to guard it well. everything, if they had not thought of a good expedient, by sending The earl's children, who were all three knights, were with him. to Lombardy for the marquis de Montferrat, who was a gallant This Guichart had a brother, a monk in the abbey of St. Thibaut, knight, and at that time at war with the lord of Milan. On his arrl- near Sancerre, who was sent by the governor to la Cha'it6, with the val at Avignon, the pope and cardinals had a conference with him: composition-money that some of the towns in the upper districts and he negotiated with the English, Gascon, and German troops for owed. They were careless about him, and he discovered, I know their services, for sixty thousand francs, which the pope and cardi- not how, our intentions and what our numbers were, as well as the nals paid to different leaders of these companies: such as sir John names of the captains of the different f'm'ts near la Charit6, with the Hawkwood, a valiant English knight, sir Robert Bricquet, Carsuelle, strength of their garrisons, and also at what hour and in what manNaudon le Bagerant, le bourg Camus, and many more. They ner we were to cross the river at Port St. Thibmut. I-Iavinggained marched into Lombardy, having surrendered the Pont du St. Esprit, this information, he hastened to disclose it to his brother and the and carried with them six parts of the companies; but sir Sequin de young knights of Sancerre. They made instant preparations for Batefol, sir John Jewel, sir James Planchin, sir John Amery, le their defence, and sent notice of the intended attack to the knights bourg de Perigord, Espiote, Louis Raimbaut, Limousin, James Trit- and squires of Berry and the Bourbonnois, and to the captains of the tel, and myself, with several others, remained behind. We had pos- different garrisons in the neighborhood, so that they were four hun. session of Ance, St. Clement, la Barrelle, la Terrare, Brigaais, le dred good lances. They placed a strong ambuscade, of two hun Pont St. Denis, l'HBpital d'Ortifart, and upward of sixty castles in dred spears, in a wood near the town. the Maconnois, For~ts, Velay, and in Lower Burgundy on the Loire. "We set out at sunset from la Charit6, and rode on briskly, in We ransomed the whole country, and they could only be freed from good order, until we came to Prully, where we had collected a num. us by well paying. We took, by a night-attack, la Charit6, which her of boats, to pass us and our horses over the river. We crossed we held for a year and a half. Everything was ours from la Charit' the Loire, as we had intended, and were all over about midnight: to Puy in Auvergne (for sir Sequin de Batefol had left Ance, and re- our horses crossed, also, without accident; but, as daybreak was near, sided at Brioude in Auvergne, where he made great profit, and we ordered a hundred of our men to remain behind to. guard the gained there and in the adjacent country upward of one hundred horses and boats; and the rest advanced with a good pace, passing thousand firancs,) rmid below Loire as far as Orleans, with the com- by the ambuscade, which took no notice of us. When we had gone mand of the whole river Allier. The archpriest, who was then a about a quarter of a league, they sallied forth upon those at the rivet good Frenchman, and governor of Nevers, could not remedy this; side, whom they instantly conquered, for all were slain or made pris but, being our old acqusintance, we sometimes complied with his oners; the horses were captured, and the passage of the river so. entreaties to spare the country. The archpriest did great good to cured, when, mounting our horses, they stuck spurs into them the Nivernois, by fortifying the city of Nevers, which otherwise and arrived at the town as quick as we did. They shouted on al. would hame been ruined several times: for we had in the environs sides,' Our lady for Sancerre!' for the count himself was in the upward of twenty-six strong places, as well towns as castles, and no town with his men, and sir Louis and sir Robert had formed the am. knight, squire, nor rich man, dared to quit his home unless he had buscade. We were thus completely surrounded, and knew not compounded with us; and this Wvar we carried on under the name which way to turn ourselves: the shoclk of lances was great; fol and pretext of the king of Navarre. At this time happened the bat- those on horseback instantly dismounted on their arrival, and attacked tle of Cocherel, where the ca-ptal de Buch commanded for the king us fiercely; but what hurt us the most, was the impossibility of exof Navarre, and many knights and squires went from us to assist tending our front, for we were inclosed in a narrow road, with him: sir James Planchin and sir J.ohn Jewel carried with them two hedges and vineyards on each side, with our enemies before and be. hundred lances. I held at this period a castle called le Bec d'Allicr, hind us. Tmey knew well the country, and had posted a body of pretty near to la Charit6, on the road to the Bourbonnois, and had un- their men and servants in the vineyards, who cast stones and flints der me forty lances, where I made great profit from the country near that bruised us much: we could not retreat, and had also great dimiMoulins, and about St. PourgaintM and St. Pierret le Moustier. culty to approach the town, which is situated on a hill. When news was brought me that the captal, my master, was in Con- We had very hard work: sir John Aymery, our captain, who stantin, collecting men firom all parts, having a great desire to see had led us thither, was dangerously wounded by Guichart d'Albigon, hinm, I left my castle with twelve lances, with whom I joined sir who, exerting himself to save him, pushed him into a lhouse in the James Planchin and sir John Jewel, and without accident or adven- town, and threw him on a bed, telling the master to take great care ture we came to the captal. I believe you must have all this in of his prisoner, and make haste to have his wounds dressed, for his your history, as well as the event of the battle." "Yes, I have," rankl was such, that if his life were saved, he would pay twenty thou. said I: " how the captal was made prisoner, and sir James Plan- sand francs. On saying this, Guichart left his prisoner and returned chin and sir John Jewel killed." "That is right," added he: " I to the battle, where he showed himself a good man-at-arms. also was made prisoner; but good luck befell me, for it was to my "Among others, the young knights of Sancerro had come to de. cousin: he was cousin to my cousin now by my side the bourg de fend the country, with sir Guichart Dauphin, the lord de Marnay, sir Colaire: and his name was Bernard do Turide: he was killed in Gerard and sir William de Bourbon, the lords de Consant, de la Portugal, at the affair of Aljubarrota. Bernard, then under the com- Pierre, de la Palice, de Neutey, de ha Croise, de ha Sicete, and many mand of sir Aymemon de Pornmiers, ransomed me in the field for a more: I must say it was a very hard-fought and murderous battle thousand francs, and gave me a passport to return to my fort of Bec we kept our ground as long as we were able, insomuch that several d'Alliers. Instantly on my arrival, I counted out to one of my ser- were slain and wounded on both sides. By their actions they seemed Ovants a thousand francs, which I charged him to carry to Paris, and more desirous to talke us alive than to kill us: at last they made to bring me back letters of acquittance for the payment, which he prisoners of Carsuelle, Lamit, Naudon, le bourg de Perigord, le bourg did. At this same season, sir John Aymery, an English knight, and de l'Esparre, Angerot, Lamontgis, Phillip du Roc, Pierre de Cotthon, the greatest captain we had, made an excursion down the Loire to- le Pesat de Pamiers, le bourg d'Armesen; in short. all oumir compan. ward la Charitd: he fell into an ambuscade of the lords de Rouge- ions who were ia that neighborhood. We were conducted to the ment anid de Vendelay, with the men of the archpriest. They were castle of Sancerre in great triumph: and the firee coimpanies nevem the strongest, and overpowered him: he was made prisoner, and suffered such loss in France as they did that day. Guichart d'Albiransomed for thirty thousand francs, which he instantly paid down. gon, however, lost his prisoner through negligence, for lie bled so He was, however, so much vexed at being captured, and with his much that he died: such was the end of John Aymery. By this de. loss, that he swore he would never rerinter his fdrt until lie hlad had feat, which happened under the walls of Sancerre, la Charlit{5 sur his revenge. He collecteo, therefore, a large body of companions, Loire surrendered to the French, as well as the garrisons thereabout, and came to la Charit6 on the Loire, and entreated the captains, by which means we obtained our liberties, and had passports given such as Lamit, Carsuelle, le bourg de Perigord, and myself (who us to quit the kingdom of France, and go whithersoever we pleased, were come thither for our amusement,) to accompany him in an ex- Fortunately for us, sir Bertrand du Guesclin, the lord de Beaujeu, pedition. We asked him,' Whither?''By my faith,' replied he, sir Arnold d'Andreghen, and the count de Ia Marche, at this moment'we will cross the Loire at port St. T'hibaut, and scale the town and undertook an expedition into Spain, to assist the bastard Henry castle of Samncerre.~ I have made a vow, that I will never re/rnter against don Pedro. Before that time, I was in Brittany at the bat. my own castle until I shall have seen the boys of Sancerre; and if tle of Auraye, where I served under sir Hugh Calverley, and recov. we could conquer that garrison, with the carl's children within it, ered my affairs; for the day was ours, and I maidle such good John, Louis, and Robert, we should be made men, and siasters of prisoners, they paid me two thousand francs. I accompanied sir the whole country. We may easily succeed in our attempt, forthey Hugh Calverley with ten lances into Spain, when we drove ifroin pay no attention to us, and our remaining longer here is not of any thence don Pedro; but when treaties were afterwmiards made between advantauge.''That is true,' we answered, and promised to accom- don Pedro and the prince of Wales, who wished to enter Cmstil!e, I parny him, and went away to make ourselves ready. was there, in company with sir Hugh Calverley, and returned to' It happemed," continued le Bastot de Mauldon, "that our plot was Aquitaine with him. "The war was now renewed between the kiung of Fiance and the * gttle o. Pimmc herml e s4.o prince: we had enough to do, for it was vigorously carmied cmi, and Momilimis. il a e, vutlagem ot Beumbeaaois, great numbers of Enigish and Gascou: commandemrs lout their lives'!:" St. Pierre ie Mofitier" —. town of'Nivernois, seven leigoes from Isoutiam however, thanks to Grd, I mm still alive. Sir ioimhmert Bnimmit wmms Samrecrre:'-an artient town in Berri. near the Loire. eight leagues ferom Bourges. slain at a place called Olivet, in the Orle annois, situa'ted hbeta en the 17 4 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. tlrritories of the duke of Orleans and the country of Blois, where a Forets, and Velay, had been so oppressed by ransom to regain their squirC from Hainalt, a gallant man-at-arms, and good captain, called liberty, they dreaded to take up arms again; and there were no Alars de Doustiennes, surnamed de Barbazan, for he was of that great lords in France who raised any men. The king of France family, met him, and conquered both him and his company. This was young, and had too much to do in various parts of his kingdom; Alars was at that time governor of Blois and its dependencies, for the for the free companies had quartered themselves everywhere, and he lords Lewis, John, and Guy de Blois; and it chanced that he met could not get rid of them. Many of the great lords of France were sir Robert Briquet and sir Robert Cheney at Olivet, when both were hostages in England; during which time their property and vassals slain on the spot, and all their men, "or none were ransomed. After- were pillaged, and there was not any remedy for this mischief, as their wards, at the battle of Niort, Carsuelle was killed by sir Bertrand du men were too dispirited even to defend themselves. Louis RaimGuesclin, and seven hundred English perished that day. Richard baut and Limousin, who had been brothers in arms, at length quar. Ellis and Richard Heline, two English captains, were also killed at relied, and I will tell you why. Louis Raimbaut had at [-rioude a St. Severe: I know but few, except myself who have escaped death. very handsome woman for his mistress, of whom he was passionately I have guarded the frontiers, and supported the king of England; for fond; and, when he made any excursions from Brioude to Ance, he my estate is in the Bordelois; and I have at times been so miserably intrusted her to the care of Limousin. Limousin was his brother in poor that I had not a horse to mount; at other times rich enough, arms, and in him did he put his whole confidence; but he took such just as good fortune befell me. Raymonet de l'Espee and I were good care of the fair lady that he obtained every favor from her, and some time companions: we held the castles of Mauvoisin, Trigalet, Louis Raimbaut had information of it. This enranged Louis Raimand Nantilleux, in the Toulousain, on the borders of Bigorre, which baut against his companion; and, in order to insult him as much as were very profitable to us. When the duke of Anjou came to possible, he ordered him to be seized by his servants and marched attack them with his army, Raymonet turned to the French; but I naked, all but his drawers, through the town, and then flogged with remained steady to the English, and shall do so as long as I live,. rods: at every corner of a street, trumpets sounded before him, and In truth, when I lost the castle of Trigalet, and was escorted to his action was proclaimed: he was then, in this state, and with only castle Cuillet, after the retreat of the duke of Anjou into France, I a plain coat on, thrust out of the town, and banished as a traitor. resolved to do something which should either make me or ruin me. Louis Raimbaut thus insulted Limousin; but he was so much hurt I therefore sent spies to reconnoitre the town and castle of Thurie at it, he vowed revenge whenever he should have an opportunity, in the Albigeois, which castle has since been worth to me, as well which he afterwards found. by compositions as by good luck, one hundred thousand francs. I "Limousin, during the time he was in command at Brioude, had will tell you by what means I conquered it. On the outside of the always spared the lands of the lord de la Voulte, situated on the town and castle, there is a beautiful spring of water, where every Rh6ne, in his different excursions to Ance, and in the country of morning the women of the town come to fill their pails or other V'lay, for he had been kind to him in his youth. He therefore vessels; which having done, they carry them back on their heads. resolved to go to him, entreat his mercy, and beg he would make Uipon this, I formed my plan; and, taking with me fifty men from his peace with France, for that he would henceforward be a loyal the castle of Cuillet, we rode all day over heaths and through woods, Frenchman. He went therefore to Voulte, being well acquainted and about midnight I placed an ambuscade near Thurie. Myself, with the roads, and entered a house, for he was on foot: after he with only six others, disguised as women, with pails in our hands, had inquired what hour it was, he went to the castle to wait on its entered the meadow very near the town, and hid ourselves in a heap lord. The porter would not at first allow him to enter the gate; of hay; for it was about St. John's day, and the meadows were but, after many fair words, he was permitted to come into the gate. rnosvn and making into hay. When the usual hour of opening the way, and ordered not to stir further without permission, which he gates arrived, and the women were coming to the fountain, each of cheerfully promised. The lord de la Voulte, in the afternoon, came us then took his pail, and having filled it placed it on his head, and into the court to amuse himself, and advanced to the gate: Limou. made for the town, our faces covered with handkerchiefs so that no sin instantly cast himself on his knees, and said,'My lord, do you one could have known us. The women that met us, said,'Holy not know me?'' Not I, by my faith,' replied the lord, who never Mary, how early must you have risen this morning!' We replied imagined it was Limousin; but, having looked at him some time. in feLigned voices, and passed on to the gate, where we found no added:'Thou resemblest very much Limousin, who was formerly other guard but a cobbler, who was mending shoes. One of us my page.''On my troth, my lord, Limousin I am, and your servant sounded his horn, as a notice for the ambuscade to'advance. The also.' He then begged his pardon for what had passed, and told cobbler, who had not paid any attention to us, hearing the horn, cried him e:actly everything that had happened to him, and how Louis out' Hola! who is it that has blown the horn?' We answered, Raimbaut had treated him. The lord de la Voulte said,'Limousin,'It is a priest who is going into the country: I know not whether if what thou hast told me be true, and if I may rely on thy assurance he be the curate or chaplain of the town.''That is true,' replied that thou wilt become a good Frenchman, I will make thy peace.' he:'it is sir Francis, our priest, who likes to go early to the fields' By my faith, my lord, I have never done so much harm to France in searchl of hares.' Our companions soon joined us, when we as I will henceforward do it service.''I shall see,' replied the lord entered the town and found no one prepared to defend it. Thus did de la Voulte. From that time he retained him in his castle, and did I gain the town and castle of Thurie, which has been to me of not allow him to depart until he had made his peace everywhere, greater prolit and more ahinual revenue than this castle and all its When Limousin could with honor bear arms, the lord de la Voulte dapendeicies are worth. At this moment, I know not how to act: mounted and armed him, and conducted him to the s6neschal de for I ani in treaty with the count d'Armagnac and the dauphin Velay, at Puy, tomake them acquainted with each other. He was d'Auvergue, who have been expressly commissioned by the king of there examined as to the strength and situation of Brioude, and also France to buy all towns and castles from the captains of the fiee respecting Louis Raimbaut; at what times he made excursions, and companies, wherever they may be, in Auvergne, Rouergue, Limou. whither he generally directed them.' I know by heart the roads he zin, Agen, Quercy, Perigord, Albigeois, and from all those who have takes, for with him and without him I have too often traversed them; made war under the name of the king of England. Several have and, if you will collect a body of men-at-arms for an expedition, I sol.d their forts, and gone away; and I am doubtful whether or not will forfeit my head if you do not take him within a fortnight.' The to sell mine." Upon this, the bourg de Copaire said, "Cousin, lords agreed to his proposal, and spies were sent abroad to observe what you say is true; for I also have had intelligence since my when Louis Raimbaut should leave Brioude for Ance in the Lyonois. arrival at Orthbs, from Carlet, which I hold in Auvergne, that the When Limousin was certain he had left Brioude, he told the lord de lord Louis de Sancerre, marshal of France, will soon be here: he is la Voulte to assemble his men, for that Raimbaut was at Ance and now incognito at Tarbes, as I have heard from those who have seen would soon return, and that he would conduct them to a defile him."' through which he must pass. The lord de Ia Voulte collected his They now called for wine, of which when brought we all drank, men, and made him the leader of the expedition, having sent off to and Bastot de Maul6on said to me, " Well. sir John, what do you the baliff of Velay, the lord de Montclare, sir Guerrot de Salieres, a;.y? Have I well told you my life? I have had many more ad- and his son, sir Plouserat de Vernet, the lord de Villeneuve, and to vontures. but of which I neither can nor will speak." "Yes, that all the men-at-arms thereabout: they were in the whole full three youn have, by my faith," added I: and, wishing him to continue his hundred spears; and when assembled at Nonnay, by the advice of conversition, I asked what was become of a gallant squire, called Limousin, they formed two ambuscades. The viscount de Polignar Louis Ruirnbaut, whom 1 had met once at Avignon. "I will tell and the lord de Chalenqon commanded one, and the lords de is you,' replied he. " At the time when, sir Sequin de Batefol, who Voulte, de Montelare, de Salieres, and sir Louis de Tournon, the had possession of Brioude in VWlay, ten leaguees firom Puy in Au- other. They had equally civided their men; and the viscount de vcrgne, alter having carried on the war in that country with much Polignac and his party were posted near St. Rambut in Forfts, at a.ucco:s, was returning to Gasconiy, he gave to Louis Raimbaut and pass where Louis Raimbaut would be forced to cross the river Loire to a cmpani:on of his, called Limousin, Brioude and Ance on the at the bridge, or higher up at a ford above Puy. Sanuc,. Tlie country at that time was so desolated and harassed, When Louis Raimbaut had finished his business at Ance, he set and so full of fie! companies in every part, that none dared to yen. out with his forty lances, not expecting to meet with any one, nor ture out of' their houses. I must inform you, that between Brioude suspecting anything from imousin, as he was the farthest from his and Ance, the country is mountainous, and the distance from one of thoughts. I must tell you, that he was accustomed never to go and those towns to the other twenty-six leagues. However, when Louis1 return by the same road: he had come by St. Rambut. On his reRaiinbaut was pleased to ride from one of these places to the other }turn, he went over the hills above Lyons, and Vienne, and below he made nothing of it, for he had several forts in Forats and else: the village of Argental,* and then straight toward le Monastier, where, to halt and refresh himself. The gendemen of Auvergane' "Argental," a village of For ts. diocese of Vienno. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 37t three short leagues from Puy; and after passing between the castles sir Espaign du Lyon, with whom I had entered the country, and to of Menestrol and Montfaucon, he made a circuit toward a village whom I told all my wants, made me acquainted with such knights and called le Batterie, between Nonnay and St. Julien. There is a pass squires as were well able to inform me justly of all the things I was in the wood there that cannot be avoided by any of those who take desirous of knowing. I there learnt much concerning Portugal and this road, unless they go through Nonnay; and there was posted the Castille: how their affairs were going on, and the battles which these ambuscade of the lord de la Voulte, with about two hundred spears. two kings and their allies had fought, of which I will give a true Louis Raimbaut, suspecting nothing, was surprised; and the lord de account. la Voulte and his men knowing what they were to do, lowered their lances, and shouting their cry of'La Voulte!' instantly charged him CHAPTER xI. and his companions, who were riding much at their ease. On the first shock, the greater part were unhorsed: and Louis Raimbaut was A SHORT RECAPITULATION OF WHAT HAS BEEN BEFORE SAID, OF THE WAR struck to the ground by a squire of Auvergne, called AmbIardon, BETWEEN RING JOHN OF CASTILLE AND JOHN OF FORTUGAL. THIS who, advancing on him, made him his prisoner; the remainder were SUBJECT CONTINUED. either killed or taken; not one escaped; and they found in a private You may remember, that I have before related, how don John of trunk the suin of three thousand francs, which he had received at Castille had besieged the master of Avis, whom the principal towns Ance as the composition of the villagers near, which gave much had crowned king for his valor, though in truth he was a bastard, in pleasure to the captors, for each had a share. the city of Lisbon. You have also heard how this king had sent "When Limousin saw Louis Raimbaut thus caught, he showed special embassadors to the duke of Lancaster and earl of Cambridge himself, and said reproachfully,'Louis, Louis! you should have been for succor, as they had married his cousins. The embassadors were better accompanied. Do you remember the insult and shame you two knights, sir John Radinghos and sir John Testa-d'oro, with a made me undergo at Brioude, on account of your mistress? I did professor of law, who was also archdeacon of Lisbon: they continued not think that for a woman you would have made me suffer what you their voyage with a favorable wind, and arrived at Southampton, did; for, if it had happened to me, I should not have been so angry. where they disembarked, and staid a day to recover themselves: To two brothers in arms, such as we were then, one woman might they then hired horses, for they had not brought any with them, and have occasionally served.' The lords laughed at this speech, but took the great road to London. It was in the month of August, when Louis had no such inclination. By the capture of Louis Raimbaut, the king was in Wales hunting and taking his pleasure. The duke those of Brioude surendered to the sdneschal of Auvergne; for, after of Lancaster and the earls of Cambridge and Buckingham were also the loss of their leader and the flower of their men, they could not at their seats in the country. This gave the embassadors the more keep it. The garrisons at Ance and in the other forts in V6lay and pain; but they went first to the duke of Lancaster, who resided at Forkts did the same, and were glad to escape with their lives. Hertford, twenty miles from London. The duke graciously received "Louis Raimbaut was carried to Nonnay and imprisoned; infor- them: he opened their credential letters, and read them over three mation was sent the king of France of the event, who was much times, the better to comprehend them, and then said: " You are rejoiced thereat; and soon after, as I have heard, orders came for welcome to this country: but you could not have come at a more him to be beheaded at Villeneuve, near Avignon. Thus died Louis unfortunate season in the whole year to obtain speedy assistance, for Raimbaut: may God receive his soul! Now, my fair sir," said Bas- the king and my brothers are all scattered abroad in different parts, tot de Mauldon, "have not I well chatted away the night? and yet so that you cannot have any answer before Michaelmas, when the all I have said is true." "Indeed you have," answered I, "and parliament will assemble at London, and the king return to West many thanks for it: I have had great pleasure in listening to you, minster. But as this business more particularly affects my brother and it shall not be lost; for, if God permit me to return to my own and myself, I will write to him; and we will shortly be in London, country, all I have heard you say, and all I shall have seen worthy and then consider with you how it will be best for us to act in this to be mentioned, in the noble and grand history which the gallant affair. You will return to London, and I will let you know when count de Blois has employed me on, shall be chronicled, through my brother and myself are there." The embassadors from Portugal God's grace, that memory of such events may be perpetuated." were well satisfied with this answer, and leaving the duke of Lan. On saying this, the bourg de Copaire, whose name was Ernauton, caster, returned to London, where they lodged themselves and rebegan to speak, and, I could perceive, would willingly have related mained at their ease. the life and adventures of himself and his brother, the bourg Ang- The duke of Lancaster was not forgetful of his promise, and inlois; and how they had borne arms in Auvergne and elsewhere, but stantly wrote private letters to the earl of Cambridge, containing an there was no time; for the watch of the castle had sounded his horn, account of what you have heard. When the earl had perused them to assemble those in the town of Orthlbs, who were engaged to sup attentively, it was not long before he set off for Hertford, near Ware, with the count de Foix. The two squires then made themselves where the duke of Lancaster resided. After consulting on this busi. ready, and having lighted torches, we left the inn together, taking ness three days together, they came to London, according to the the road to the castle, as did all the knights and squires who lodged duke's promise to the Portuguese, where on their arrival they disin the town. mounted at their houses. These two lords had many and long con. Too much praise cannot be given teo the state and magnificence of sultations with the Portuguese embassadors; for the earl of Cambridge the count de Foix, nor can it be too much recommended; for, du- was very ill-pleased with the conduct of don Ferdinand, thle late king ring my stay there, I found him such, as far to exceed all that I can of Portugal, saying he had carried on the war in tooe cowardly a say of him, and I saw many things which gave me great pleasure. manner, and. had made peace with the Spaniards contrary to the will On Christmas-day were seated at his table four bishops of his own of the English. The earl, therefore, very umuch doubted if, in the country, two Clementists and two Urbanists. The bishops of Pam- ensuing parliament, the king's council would assent to an expedition iers and Loscar, Clementists, were seated at top, and next to them to Portugal; for the one that had been sent thither had cost itie the bishops of Aire and Rou, on the borders of thIe Bordelois and nation a large sum, not less than one hundred thousand francs, and. Bayonne, Urbanists: the count de Foix sat next, then the viscount had nothing done. de Roquebertin, a Gascon, the viscount de Bruniquel, the viscount The Portuguese embassadors readily comprehended what the earl de Gousserant, then an English knight called sir William Willoughby, said, and replied, " My lord, those times are passed, and it is now whom the duke of Lancaster, at that tinme residing at Bordeaux, had otherwise. Our late king, God pardon his soul! was marvellously sent thither. At another table were five abbots and two Arragonian afraid of the chances of war; but the present king is full of enter knights, called sir Raymond de Montflorentin and sir Martin de prise and valor, for were he to meet his enemies in the field three Ruane. At another table were seated knights and squires firom Gas. times more in number than hinmself, he would combat them, what.. cony and Bigorre: first, the lord d'Anchin, then sir Gaillard de la ever might be the consequences; and we can most loyally assurc Motto, sir Raymond de Chateauhoeuf, the lord de Chaumont, Gas- you, that this is fact. My lords, it is very clear that you are inte cons, the lords de Copaire, de la Lanne, de Montferrat, sir William rested in this quarrel; for it is your business to make war on Cas Bernard, sir Peter Courton, the lord de Valenchin, and sir Aingale, tille, and conquer it, as by right it belongs to you as the heritage of surnamed leBasele. At other tableswere many krnights from Bdarn. your wives. Now, to obtain this conquest, you cannot have any Sir Espaign du Lyon, sir Siquart du Bois Verdun, sir Nouvans do entrance into Castille like that through Portugal; for you will have. Nouvailles, and sir Peter de Vaux, in B~arn, were chief stewards all that country for your fi-iends. Therefiore, exert your influence, of the hall. The count's bastard-brothers, sir Ernaut Guillaume that one of you may go thither with suche a powerfil. force, that joined and sir Peter de Bdarne, waited; and his two bastard-sons, sir Evan to those you will find there, you will he emnabled to keep the field!"' de l'Eschelle placed the dishes, and sir Gracien served him with wine. The duke of Lancaster replied, "It does not depend on us, but. There were very many minstrels in the hall, as well thoee belonging on the king and tihe nation, and you nmay be assured we will do to the count, as to the strangers, who, at their leisure, played away everything we possibly can." Thus ended these conferences. The their minstrelsy. This day the count gave to the mirstrels and he- Portuguese remained in London waiting for the meeting of parliaralds five hundred francs among them; and he clothed the minstrels ment, and the duke of Lancaster and earl ofm Casimbridge went to of the duke de Touraine, who were there, with cloth of gold trimmed their estates in the north of England. with ermine, which dresses were valued at two hundred frsancs. The About Michaelmas, when tlme parliament was to meet at West dinner lasted until four o'clock in the afternoon. I willingly like to nlinster, the king was on his return toward London, ansi had arrives talk of' the handsome establishment of the gallant count de Foix, for at Windsor; from thence he came to Chertsey and to Richmond. I was twelve weeks of his household, and generously treated, in all He was accompanied wherever he went by the queen, his whole respects. During my residence at Orthes, it was my own fault if I court, and the earl of Suffolk, for his favor was such, nothing was did not collect infomrmation from every country, for the gentle knight, done without his approbation. At the period I am now speaking 3I76 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. of, the wsrs in Flanders were going on between the duke of Bur- ure. He sent, therefore, to the barons and knights above-mentioned, gundy and the Ghent men. The bishop of Norwich, sir Hugh Cal- two knights of his household, sir Espaign du Lyon and the lord de verley, sir William Elmham, sir Thomas Trivet and the others, were Cabestan, to request they would come to the castle, for he was de. just come back to England, whom the king of France had surrounded sirous to give them a dinner, by way of wishing them a good journey. at Bourbourg, as has already been related in this history. The knights, as was natural, accepted the invitation, and the count Truces had been concluded between the Flemings, French, Eng- de Foix received them most graciously. After mass, he led them lish, and Scots, to last until Michaelmas in 1384: notwithstanding into his cabinet, and thus addressed them:" My fair sirs, are you which, the English had so much on their hands that they knew not indeed resolved to leave my country and assist the king of Castille which way to turn; for, besides the business of Portugal, the coun- in his wars, while I have on hand my dispute with the count d'Arcil of Ghent was in London, to request as governor, to assist and miiagnac? Your departure makes me very uneasy." "My lord,' direct them, one of the king's brothers, or the earl of Salisbury. replied they, "it is really so; for we are obliged to it, as we have There were in this parliament many debates, as well respecting the received pay from the king of Castille; but this war between Spain Flemings as the Portuguese and the Scots; for the war still contin- and Portugal will be soon ended, when we hope, if it piease God, to ued in those parts by the truce not having been proclaimed. The return in good health to you." "Soon ended!" exclaimed the count duke of Lancaster, in particular, labored hard to obtain the command " not so soon, for it is now but beginning. There is a new king in of a large body of men-at-arms and archers to carry to Portugal, and Portugal, and they have sent to England for support. This dispute explained to the prelates, barons, and commoners of the realm, how in which you are about to engage is of a nature to last a long time, they were bound to assist him and his brother in the recovery of their and keep you in the field; for you will not be fought withal until the inheritance, which they had sworn and engaged to do when their arrival of the duke of Lancaster and his reinforcements, so that your nephew the king was crowned, as was apparent by deeds then sealed. pay will cost you dear enough." "My lord," they answered, "since The duke complained bitterly of the wrongs that had been done him we have gone so far, we must conclude the business." " God help and his brother by delaying the matter; and that in truth, when the you," said the count; "but come, let us go now to dinner, for it is earl of Cambridge had gone thither on the faith of their promising time." him everything necessary for such an expedition, they had meanly The count, with his barons and knights, entered the hall where the fulfilled their engagements: he was to have had two thousand lances tables were laid, and dined magnificently and at their leisure, for and as many archers sent to him, but they never were ordered, which they were served with all things becoming such a day. The count, had caused the settlement of the dispute for their just rights and in- after dinner, conducted his knights into his galleries, where he was heritances to be so much the longer delayed. used to solace himself in the afternoons, and, again addressing them, This speech of the duke of Lancaster was attentively heard, and said: "Indeed, my good gentlemen, I am much vexed that you leave some of the most able in the council declared he was in the right; my country; not that I am sorry for your advancement and honor, for but, the necessities of the kingdom being more pressing, they must on every occasion I would attend to it and exalt it; but I am sorry be first attended ito. Some were for instantly agreeing to his request: on your own account, for you are the flower of chivalry of B6arn, others remonstrated by saying, it would be wrong to weaken the and are going into a foreign land. I will advise you, and have bekingdom by sending two thousand men-at-arms and four thousand fore said so, to give up this expedition and leave the kings of Spain archers to such a distance as Portugal. Besides, so long a voyage and Portugal to fight their own battles, for you are by no means inwas dangerous, and the climate of Portugal hot and unhealthy; and, terested about them." " My lord," replied they, " under favor of if such a considerable force were sent, the kingdom might suffer an your grace, we cannot thus act, and you know it better than you say. irrecoverable loss. Notwithstanding these arguments and doubts of if you would be pleased to consider, that as we have received pay what might be the consequences, it was settled that the duke of firom the king of Castille, we must in consequence do something for Lancaster should cross the sea in the summer with seven hundred it." " Well," answered the count, "that is true enough, but I will men-at-arms and four thousand archers, and that they should all re- tell you what will happen to you in this expedition: you will either ceive pay for one quarter of a year in advance: it was, however, return so very poor and naked the lice will eat you up and grow bereserved, that should anything in the mean time fall out inimical tween your nails (showing them by his gestures of rubbing the two from France or Scotland, the expedition to Portugal was to be de- palms of his hands together what he meant,) or you will be slain or ferred. The duke of Lancaster assented to this, for he could not made prisoners." gain more. The knights burst out into laughter, and said, "My lord, we must You have before seen in this history, that after the duke of Lan. indeed try our fortunes." The count then quitted this subject, and. caster had collected his men and stores at Southampton, ready to conversing with them on the manners of the Spaniards, said they embark for Portugal, and though the embassadors had returned were nasty and lousy, and envious of the good fortune of others, ad. thither with information of the speedy arrival of the duke and the vising them to be on their guard. After some other conversation, number of his forces, which gave the Portuguese much pleasure, an he called for spices and wine, of which all drank who were present. event was found to have happened in England that forced him to He then took his leave of them shaking each by the hand, recom. retard it for some time. The admiral of France, sir John de Vienne, mnending them to the care of God, and entered his closet. The with a thousand good men-at-arms, had embarked at Sluys, and knights mounted their horses at the gate of the castle, as their men landed in Scotland; from whence he had made war on England, and the equipages had already set out for Sauvetere,* where they which obliged the whole force of that kingdom to march against lodged that night. On the morrow they departed, entering Biscay; him, as has been before related. I do not wish, therefore, to men- and following the road to Pampeluna, they passed everywhere in tion it twice, but return to the siege of Lisbon and the king of Spain, safety, for they regularly paid for whatever they had occasion for. that I may narrate all I have heard. While the king of Spain was before Lisbon, news was brought him, by some Spanish merchants returned from Flanders and Bruges, of the large armament the duke of Lancaster was collecting to raise the siege of Lisbon. The intel- C H A P T E R X I I. ligence.was believed; for the Spaniards well knew how anxious the THE INHABITANTS OF SANTAREMt REBEL AGAINST SOME OF THE MEN-ATduke was to renew the war with Castille, as he claimed a share of ARMS OF CASTILLE. THE IING OF CASTILLE HAVING RAtSED THE SIEGE it. Notwithstanding this information, the king continued the siege, OF LISBON, MARCHES TOWARD THAT TOWN, WHEN IT MAKES ITS PEACE, and sent letters and messengers to France for assistance: he had in particular written: to Barn; so that from tihe territories of Foix and DURING thee t king of Castille lay before isbon (and he B~arn there. came to him,. in less than four days, tapward of threehianclsdtsgedcarghtnihrFecmnno B~arn there came to him,, in less than four days;, upward of three had been there about a year,) the town of Santarem rebelled against hundred lances, the.'flower of the chivalry of that country. Sir John him and closed its gates, declaring, that neither Frenchmen nor du.Ru, a. Burgundian, and sir Geoffr-y de Portenay, had already du Ru, a Burgundian, and. sir Geoffy de Partenay, had already Spaniards should enter it, for the great oppressions it h/d suffered. passed, through. Orthfs from.France, in their way to Castille, to serve Some say it was the fault of the party under the command of sir the ing; each of whom had his own company. Geoffiry Ricon and sir Geoffry de Partenay, composed of Bretons,;wiln.,the pring ec ipkiht ofBar whom preard f o his oncmay I will nam the pricpl kights of Barn who prepared fo this who took or destroyed everything they could lay hands on, paying no attention to friends or foes. The citizens therefore possessed them., expedition: first, a great baron, companion to the count de Foix, the tttion to friends or foes. The citizens therefore possessed them lord d ignach, sir Peter Lier, sir John d Lepres, the lord d selves of the town and the two castles, declaring they would defend;lord de.Lingnach, sir Peter Lier, sir John de Lepres, the lord des Bordes, Sir Bertrand de Barege,.the lord de Marciage, sir Raymond them against all who wished to harass them. On the day they re. belled, they killed upward of sixty Bretons, who were pillaging; and d'lAussac, sir John de Sallegre, sir Mouvant d Sarmen, sir Peter d bled, they illed upward of sixty Bretons, who were piging;and.la; Robiere, sir Stephen de Valentin, sir Raymond do Rarasse, sir would have slain sir Geoffry de Partenay, but he escaped over the eter d Hanefane, sir Ogerot d Domesson, and many other. Sir wall which joined his house. Upon this the French and Bretons Espaignolet d'Espag, eldest son of sir Roger d'Espaign, couin.to there quartered, fought one whole day with those of Santarem, ana iEspaignolet d'Espaigni,, eldest son of sir Roger d'Espaign, cou~sin:,to C the count doI Foix, joitedthis company of B~arn men.''hese barons made a grand attack on the place, but they lost more than they gained, and. knights fixed their rendezvous at Orth~s and in that neighbor- without damaging the town. hood; and' I heard, firom. those who saw them march away, they were Intelligence was brought to the king of Castille that Santarem had the han~dsomest and best equipped knights who had for a long time turned to the Portuguese, and was ready to surrender its town and brf w~t~RBdarn. castles, which the citizens had gotten possession of, to the king of When the count de Foix found that they really intended to go to Portugal. The king, on hearing this, was very melancholy, and'Castilte, he was greatly.vexed and pensive, though at the first he had calling his marshal, sir Reginald de Limousin, said: "Take one or. tonsented. they should receive pay from the king of Castille, for he * "Sauvetere"-seven leagues from Pan..wasaafraid his country.would be too much weakened by their depart- t" Saatarem" —ahandsome town on tho Tagus, thirty-five leagues from Lisbon. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 377 two hundred spears, and see what they are doing at Santarem: why gered with them; and should this be true, most renowned lord, the the inhabitants of that town have rebelled; and what could have fault has not been with them, but in the injuries and oppressions caused them to act as they have done." Sir Reginald replied, "he they have suffered from the Bretons when they were in your and would punctually obey." He took under his command two hundred our town. Now, as all their evil deeds could not be known, we do lances, and, following the road to Santarem, arrived there, but sent not blame their knights, squires and captains, but only such as have before him a herald, to announce his coming, who parleyed with the committed them; and it would be incredible, were all the infamous inhabitants at the barriers, and delivered his message. They an- acts of these Breton pillagers told. They kept for a long time the swered, "We know well sir Reginald de Limousin for a gentleman town and castlewicks of Santarem under their subjection, of which and a valiant knight, and that he is marshal to the king: he is per- many complaints were made to us; but, in spite of this they broke feetly we' -ome hither, and may enter the town, but unarmed." open our coffers with their hatchets, took our money, and violated This was the answer the herald brought back to sir Reginald, who our wives and daughters before our eyes; which when we cornmsaid, he was not come thither to do them any harm, but solely to plained of, we were beaten, wounded, and some murdered. In this know what their intentions were. It is indifferent to me whether I miserable condition were we for upward of two months; for whicl? enter armed or disarmed, provided I speak with them and learn their reason, most redoubted lord and noble king, we supplicate, that if will. He quitted the place where he then was, and rode on unarmed, we have angered you for this or any other cause, you would be with five others only, and dismounted at the barriers, leaving his pleased to do us justice, and take such loyal information concerning men behind. When those on guard saw the manner in which he us, that we may be judged legally, as you promised and swore to us hac~ arrived, they opened the barriers, and received him handsomely. when you first entered Santarem as king, and the possession of it The inhabitants were assembled in a square of the town, when he and its dependencies devolved and rested on you. You will do an thus addressed them: "Ye men of Santarem, listen to what I am act of charity; and, since you are coming thither, we have that about to say: I am sent hither with orders to demand from you the confidence in you and in your touncil, that you will find the gates reasons why you have rebelled, have shut your gates, and slain the open. Your poor people, who are crying for redress for the injuries king's allies who were coming to assist him. Know that the king is they have sustained, beg your royal majesty will grant them mercy violently enraged against you; for he has been informed you have and remission of all offences." taken possession of the two castles of the town, which are his in- The king remained for a while silent, when sir Reginald de Liheritauce, and are willing to surrender them to his enemies of Por- mousin, kneeling before the king, said: " Most dear lord, you have tugal." " May it please your grace, sir Reginald, we wish not to heard the complaints (ff your subjects of Santarem, who have laid besiurender themn, nor deliver them up into any other hands than those fore you all they have suffered; condescend to give them an answer."' of the king of Castille, from whom we hold them, but let him govern " Reginald," said the king, "we see they have had just cause for us in peace and with justice. What we have done has been caused what they did: go, and tell them to rise, and return to Santaremi to by these pillaging Bretons who were quartered in the town, and from make ready everything proper for us, as we shall sleep there thiq their outrages; for, had we been Saracens, or worse people, they night, and let them know they shall be carefully defended in theii could not have more wickedly behaved, in forcing our wives and rights." Sir Reginald de Limousin arose and went to the deputies daughters, breaking open our coffers, destroying our casks of wine, from Santarem, bidding them arise: "The king, our lord, has favor. and ill-treating and wounding us whenever we complained of their ably heard all you have said; and, understanding you only desire.conduct. You ought not, therefore to be surprised, when we suf- justice, he will see that it be done to you. Now go, and make fered such outrages ourselves, and witnessed the same on those ready the town for his reception; and let it be so well done that he whom we were bound to defend, that we were much enraged, for may be pleased, for everything will turn out as you wish, by the smaller things will cause that. You may, therefore, if you please, good assistance of the friends you have." "My lord" replied they, tell the king this, and that we have unanimously resolved, whatever "we give you our best thanks." They then took leave, retr'ned may be the event, never to acknowledge nor receive any Frenchman to Santarem, and related all that had passed with the king, and the nor Breton, nor any other than the king's person himself, or such as answer sir Reginald had made them from their sovereign I Tehey he may depute hither to treat us kindly." were exceedingly rejoiced at this intelligence, and richly deco. Wrhen sir Reginald heard these words, he was well satisfied, and rated their town against the king's arrival, strewing the streets did not think they had been so much to blame in driving their ene- with friesh herbs. The king made his entry at vespers: he was mies out of the town. He thus replied:'" My good people, I have o;dged in the castle called the Lion, and his men in the town; that now heard what you had to say; and you shall remain quiet, for I'a to say, as many as could, but the greater part were quartered iI will return to the king and tell it to him, and in good truth I will do the fields and in the adjacent villages. everything I can to serve you." " We thank you, my lord, most The king remained there a month and things were in that state heartily; and we trust, that whatever wrong information concerning that those who expected to gain by confusion, were greatly disap. us may have been given the king, you will rectify it." On this sir psinted. Reginald mounted his horse, and departed to his men, who were waiting for him in the plain, and then rode for Lisbon. After dis- CHAPTER XIII. mounting at his quarters, he waited on the king, and told him all he had seen and heard at Santarem. The king, oni learning the truth THE SrAxIARDS ARE JEALOUS OF THE FRENCH AND BEAtxNOS. FtV~ of what had passed, said, "By my faith, they have acted like wise HUNED ENGIS ARRVE TO SEVE THE OF PORUGAL. men, since they could not trust these pillagers." Sir Geoffry Ricoi, DURING the residence of the king of Spain at Santarem, there sir Geoffry de Partenay, and their companions, finding they could arrived a handsome company of men-at-arms from Bearn. Sir Rehave no redress from Santarem, and that the kinb was dissembling ginald de Limousin rode out to meet them, and received them very with them, were much angered, and said among themselves, "We politely, as he knew how to do, and conducted them to the king, are well used for having left France to come to this country, to serve who was much pleased at their coming, and commanded sir Regithe king of Spain, when we are thus debased before a set of low nald to see that they were well lodged, and at their ease, for such fellows, against whom we cannot obtain justice. There will shortly were his wishes. Sir Reginald acted in a manner to satisfy them. come a large body of knights from Gascony: we will not notice this The state of the king's affairs continued the same during the time until their arrival, when we will inform them of what has passed, he remained at Santarem, and while his army was in and near to and they, will help us to revenge ourselves for those companions that town, which consisted of four thousand men-at-arms and thirty'who have been killed." Information was carried to the king and thousand others. He calied the barons of France to his council, to his council, that the Bretons threatened much those of Santa- consider of.the best means to carry on the war; for he had lain a remn, boasting that, when the Gascons should arrive, they would long time, and with great expenses, before Lisbon, and had done make them pay dearly for what they had done. The king was ad- nothing. It was imagined, if the'Gascons had not by their arrival vised to break up the siege of Lisbon, and march to Santarem, to encouraged the king to proceed, he would have retreated from San recruit himself, and put everything on a proper footing, and wait taremr to Burgos, or into Galicia, for his men were weary with being there for the Gascons, who were on their march, to the amount of so long in the field. about four hundred spears, good men-at-arms. He did not wish When the knights of France and Bdamn were admitted to the they should find the kingdom in confusion, when such numbers were council, the king thus addressed them: "My fair sirs, you are intel. to be provided for. ligent and active in war: I therefore wish to have your advice how Orders were given by the king to break up the siege and march I may most advantageously continue my war against the Portuguese to Santarem, which was instantly obeyed. When the town of San- and Lisboners: they have maintained their ground against me up tarem learnt the king was coming thither, they deputed twelve of ward of a year, and I have done nothing. I was in hopes to have the principal inhabitants on horseback, to meet- the king and to drawn them out of Lisbon, and have fought them, but they would know his pleasure. They rode on until they umet the army about not accept my challenge.. My friends have advised me to dinsmiss two l.agues from Santarem, and learnt that the king was dismounted my army, and permit every man to return to his home. I therefbre and had retired from the great heat under the shade of some olive- wish to know what your opinions may be on this subject." The trees. Sir Reginald de Limousin, marshal of the army, was with knights from France and B~arn, beling just arrived at the army, were the king and had had information of their arrival, who, when they eager for battle; for, though they had as yet been idle, they were were come near, east themselves on their knees and said, " Most desirous of deserving the pay they had received; amid replied, "' Sir, renowned lord and noble king of Castille, we are deputed hither by you are a great and powerful prince, and it little matters to you to tile poor commonalty of your unhappy town and castlewicks of San- pay the expenses of your army, especially when it is in its own tarem, who have been given to understand that you are much an- country. We will not say, bit that if it had bnen in a foreign land 378 CHIRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN. &c. and deprrved of provisions, the advice which has been given you had crowned a bastard for king, and abused them much behind theil would have been good: we see, however, that it is as comfortably backs. The king of Castille and his council, knowing of this differ situated here as if every man were at his own home. We there- ence of opinion in Portugal, had thus advanced, with the intent of fore say (not indeed as a resolution of -council, for your wisdom and conquering it; for they said it would be the affair of only one battle prudence will enable you to choose the best opinion) you ought to when, if the Lisboners were conquered, the rest of the country would keep the field, which may easily be done until Michaelmas, when be rejoiced, and the grand-master of Avis would be overthrown and perhaps your enemies will march out to meet you when you least slain, so that the kingdom would fall to Spain, for the queen was the expect them, and thus they may be combated. We are very anxious right heiress to it. King John of Castille, however, would willingly for conquest, for our equipment has cost us very considerable, and have avoided this war; but his subjects would not permit it, as they we have had many difficulties before we could come hither: we said he had just cause for it, and thus emboldened him. therefore never shall be of the opinion of your counsellors, for we When the king of Portugal found his summons so little attended wish to see the enemy." " By my head," said the king, "you speak to, and disobeyed by those on whose services he had counted, he well and loyally, and in this and on other occasions I will hencefor. was very pensive. He assembled the principal persons of Lisbon, ward *ake your advice, for my late lord and father as well as myself and the knights of his household who had been most active in have always found your opinions fair and honorable. May God crowning him, and who had served under king Ferdinand; such as have pity on the soul of sir Bertrand du Guesclin! he was a good sir John Radighos, sir John Testa d'Oro, the lord de la Figuire, sir and loyal knight, and through his means we gained many important Gomme de Tarbeston, Ambrose Condrich, Peter Condnt.,. his brovictories." ther,sir Monges de Navaret, a knight of Castille whom, having This conversation between the king of Castille and the foreign been banished thence by the king, the king of Portugal had made knights, as well as the advice they had given, was soon known to captain of his knights. At this council the king explained several the Spanish barons: they were much vexed for two reasons; one, things, and said, "My fair sirs who are here assembled, I know I because they imagined the king had greater confidence in these may depend on your friendships, for you have made me king; but strangers than in his own liege subjects who had crowned him; and you must perceive that great numbers of my subjects refuse me their because the French knights had advised the king to keep his ground, assistance in this time of need, and will not take the field. I must while they were tired of the war. They therefore privately caballed own I should have been truly happy to have seen them as well dis. together, and said, "The king knows not how to carry on a war but posed as myself to meet our enemies; but alas! it is otherwise, for by the French, as his father did before him." They now conceived they draw back and dissemble. I solicit your advice on this business, a hatred to the French, which their servants ahd foragers soon made how I had best act, and beg of you to give me your opinions." Sir manifest. They had quartered all the French together, but when Gomme de Tarbeston, a Portuguese knight, then spoke: "Sir, I adthey sent out parties for forage, the Spaniards being more numerous, vise, for your own honor, that you instantly take the field, with as took their forage from them, and beat and wounded several, inso. many men as you can collect, and hazard the event: we will assist much that complaints were made to the king. The king much you until death, for we hold you king and lord of this town; and if blamed sir Reginald de Limousin, his marshal, for not having pre- there be any rebels or discontented persons in Portugal, it is, I say vented this. The marshal excused himself, by saying, "As God (and in this I am joined by many in the town,) because you have might help him, he knew nothing about it; but that he would in. never yet a'tacked nor showed yourself to your enemies. You have stantly provide a remedy, by ordering men-at-arms into the field, to had hitherto the renown of being a valiant man.at-arms, but on this attend carefully that the French collected their forage in security." occasion you have not acted like one. This has encouraged your He also issued a proclamation for all who had provisions, or other enemies, and checked the ardor of your subjects; for, when once necessaries, to bring them to the army at Santarem, when a reason- you show courage and resolution, they will fear you, as well as your able price would be given for them. The foreigners were amply enemies." " By my head," said the king, "sir Gomme, you speak supplied, for, by the king's orders, they were to be served before any well: and now order our men to be made ready, and every other othersr,which increased the hatred of the re e Spaniards. preparation to hasten our march, for we will meet our enemies, and It happened, that the same week she king of Castille broke up the gain all or lose all." siege of Lisbon, three large ships, having on board English men.at. " My lord," replied the knight, "it shall be done: if God send you arms and archers, entered the port: they might amount, in the whole, good success, and the day is ours, you will reign king of Portugal, to about five hundred; but three parts of them were adventurers, and be prized and honored in all countries wherever you shall be under no command and withoi' pay, from Calais, Cherbourg, Brest, known. You can only have the complete government of this kingand Montaigne in Poitou, wbo, hearing of the war between Castille dom by a battle; and I give you as an example king don Henry, and Portugal, had assemble! at Bordeaux, and said, "Let us go your cousin, the father of don John of Castille. He gained all his seek adventures in Portugal. we shall there find some one to receive inheritances by the sword, and would never otherwise have sucand employ us." Sir John Harpedane, who at that time was s6nes- ceeded; for you know how the power of the prince of Wales rechal of Bordeaux, had strongly advised them so to do; for he was placed don Pedro on the throne, when afterwards by the event of the not willing that they sheuld remain in arms in the Bordelois, as they battle before Montiel, hlie forfeited his life, and don Henry regained mighit d. more harm tlnt good, being adventurers who had nothing possession of the kingdom. He in that day risked his own person to lose. as well as that of his friends; and you must do the same if you wish Of all who thus arrived at Lisbon I heard of no knights, only three to live with honor." "By my head," said the king, "you say well; English squires, who were their leaders: one was called Northberry, and I will not ask other advice, but follow this, which is much to the other Morberry, and the third Huguelin de Hartsel; and not one my advantage." The council now broke up; and orders were given of them was more than fifty years old, good men-at-arms, and well for the army to march in three days' time, to choose a proper po ition accustomed to war. The Lisboners and the king of Portugalwere to wait for the enemy. The gates of Lisbon were kept so closely much rejoiced at the arrival of the English. As he wished to see shut, that no person whatever was allowed to quit the town; for the them, they were conducted to the palace, and received handsomely king and the inhabitants would not that the Spaniards should know by the king, who asked if the duke of Lancaster had sent them. their intention nor their numbers. "By my faith, sir," replied Northberry, "it is a long time since he The English were much pleased when they learnt they were to has known anything of us, or we of him: we are people from differ- marsh toward Santarem, where the king and his army lay. Every ent countries, who come to seek the chance of arms and adventures: one now prepared his arms; the archers their bows and arrows each there are some of us who have even come from the town of Calais according to his rank. On a Thursday, in the afternoon, the king to serve you." "1 On my troth," said the king, " you and they are with his army marched out of Lisbon, and encamped that day on the very welcome: your arrival gives us much joy; and know, that we banks of a small river two leagues from the town, with their front shall very shortly employ you. We have been, for a time, shut up toward Santarem: they said they would never return before they here, which has tired us much; but we will take the advantage of had seen their enemies, and that it was much better they should offer the field, as the Spaniards have done." "We desire nothing bet- battle than for the enemy to com to them. They had remarked ter," answered the captains; "and entreat we may speedily s'e our the difference between those who sought and those who waited for the difference between those who sought and those who waited for er, nemies."ee h atis 1adnete ysdiseua battle, and that inferior numbers had frequently gained the day: for in almost all the victories the English had obtained over the French, they had been the first to offer battle; and they ubserved, -C HI A P T E R X I V. that an attacking army is naturally more courageous than one on the TE KING OF oRTUGAL ISSUES ORDERS FOR IS ARMY TO MARCH defence. This was the opinion of the inhabitants of Lisbon when TOWARD -ATARE THE I OFCASTLE QITS THAT PLACE Tthey marched out of the town, and they thus continued their conver. TOWAD NTAREM. TH KING OF CSTILLE QUITS THAT PLCE TO sation: "Some of us were with the men of Ghent when they marched MEET' HIM, to Bruges and offered battle to the count of Flanders and his army THE king of Portugal had these new-comers to dine in the palace in that town; and we well know, that Philip Von Artaveld, Peter cf Lisbon, and ordered them to be well lodged in the city, and their du Bois, John Cliqueriel, Franqois Atremen and Peter le Nuitre, the pay to be advanced them for three months. The king made his leaders of the Ghent-men, had not under them more than seven thousecretaries draw up letters, which he sent throughout the realm, sand men; but they fought the battle, and defeated eleven thousand commanding all persons, capable of bearing arms, to come instantly This is a known fact, for there was not any treachery: fortune was to Lisbon, under pain:of his displeasure. Few paid any obedience favorable to Ghent on the day of battle, which was fought on a Sat. to these letters, and too many remained at home; for three parts of urday, a long league distant from Bruges, as we were informed on the kingdom were on bad terms with the Ilsboners, because they the morrow when they had conquered that city." They comforted CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 379 themselves that there was as good a chance to win as to lose, and their stores, sumpter-horses and baggage, as the situation in which that, if they wished to succeed in arms they must act,oldly. Such they had intended lodging that night, battle or not. About a quarter were the conversations of the Lisbonfrs among themselves on the of a league without the village is a considerable monastery, whither Thursday, as they continued their march. When the king heard the inhabitants go to hear mass. The church is on a smali eminence, how resolutely they discoursed, he was much pleased. a little beside the road, surrounded by large trees, hedges, and bushes, When the trumpets of the king's army sounded on the Friday which, with some little assistance, might be made a strong post. morning, all made themselves ready, and marched on the right, fol- This was then told the king and his council: but he would have the lowing the river and the flat country, on account of the baggage and English called, for, though they were very few in number, he wished provision which followed them, and advanced four leagues. News to follow their advice. They said: "Sire, we know not any spot was brought, on this Friday, to the king of Castille at Santarem, that near, more favorable than the monastery of Aljubarota, situated as the Portuguese, under the command of the master of Avis, whom it is among trees: it is now a strong position, but may be much ume Lisboners had crowned king, were advancing to meet him. This strengthened by art." Those who knew the country agreeing to the intelligence was soon spread through the army; and it gave the truth of this, the king said, " Let us march thither, and form ourSpaniards, French, and Gascons much joy: they said, "These Lis- selves in such a manner as good men-at-arms should do; so that our boners are valiant fellows, thus to come and fight with us: let us enemies, when they advance, may not find us unprepared." This hasten to the field, and surround them if we can, that we may pre- was instantly done: they marched slowly to Aljubarota, and came vent their return: for, if we can help it, not one of them shall see to the square before the church, when the English and sir Monges de Lisbon again." It was proclaimed through the army, by sound of Navarft, with other valiant Portuguese and Lisboners, attentively exo trumpet, for every one to be ready, both horse and foot, on Saturday amined the place and the environs. The English said, " This spot mornlig, as on that day the king would march to combat his ene- can be made sufficiently strong, and we may securely wait here the mies. Every one was prepared and showed great joy at the orders, event." They cut down the trees fronting the plain, and laid them and at the event likely to happen. across, so that the cavalry could not pass them, leaving one entry not On the Saturdaymorning, allthe trumpetsin theCastille army sound- too wide, on the wings of which they posted all their archers and ed. The king heard mass in the castle, then drank a cup, as did his cross-bows. The men-at-arms were on foot, drawn up beside the attendants, and mounting their horses, they marched into the plain in church, where the king was: and they had already displayed the handsome order: sir Reginald de Limousin, marshal of the army, king's standard and banners. led the van. Scouts were ordered to examine the appearance of the When they saw themselves thus drawn up they were much conenemy, where they were, and what might be their numbers. Two tented, saying, if it pleased God, they were in a situation to hold out squires were ordered on this duty by the French; one a Burgundian, for a long time and to gain the advantage by it. The king addressed and the other a Gascon. The Burgundian was called William de them: "My fair gentlemen, show your valor this day, and think not Montigny, and of the company of sir John de Rue: the Gascon came of flight; for that will be of no avail, as you are too distant from from Bdarn, and his name was Bertrand de Barege. They were both Lisbon; and besides, there is no safety in flight, for three good men on that day made knights, and with them a lord of Castille, an able will overpower and slay twelve runaways. Prove that you are men man-at-arms, called sir Pedro Fernando de Medina; he was mounted of courage and offer yourselves vigorously to your opponents: con. on a light genet that had wonderful speed. While these three knights sider, should the day be ours, which it will be, if it please God, how were exploring the country on all sides, in search of the Portuguese, much we shall be honored and praised in the different countries their main army, which consisted of full two thousand lances, knights, where news of it shall be carried; for the victors are always exalted, tnd squires, Gascons, Burgundians, French, Picards and BI3retons, as and the conquered abased. Consider also, you have made me your vel equipped and mounted as men-at-arms cou'd be, and twenty king, which should strengthen your courage; for be assured, that as thousand Spaniards, all on horseback, marched at a foot's pace, and long as this battle-axe in my hand shall hold, I will continue the had not advanced the distance of a bow-shot when they halted. The fight: and should it break or fail me, I will get another, and show king of Portugal had also sent three scouts to observe the countenance I am determined to guard and defend the crown of Portugal for and order of the Spaniards, two of whom were English squires and myself, and for the right I have to the succession of my lord and bro.expert mnen-at-arms, whose names were James d'Hartleberry and ther, in which, on my soul, I declare and say they oppose me wrong. Philip Bradeston, and with them a Portuguese called Fernando de fully, and that the quarrel is personal." Ia Gresse. They were all well mounted, and rode so far, that from Those of his countrymen who had heard him, replied: "My lord an eminence where they were hid by the leaves of the trees, they and king, you have graciously admonished and greatly advised us to examined carefilly the whole Spanish army. They then returned be men of valor, and to support you in defending what we have given to the king of Portugal and his army, which they found drawn up in to you and the same time acknowledged to be your own. Know, then, the plain, and related what they had seen. " Sire, we have advanced that we will remain with you steadily, and never leave the field alive, so far as to have fully reconnoitred your enemies: they are very until we gain the battle, or be carried away. Have it proclaimed to numerous, thirty thousand horse at least: therefore consider well the your men, for they have not all heard you, that none dare, on his business." The king asked, "Do they march in one body?" " No, life, think of flying; and if there should be any whose courage fails, sir: they are in two battalions." The klng turned about, and said so that he fear to await the battle, let him come forward, and he shall aloud, "Now all of you attend to what I say, for here must be no have leave to depart (for one faint heart discourages a dozen of good cowardice: we shall soon aendae our ememies, who are on their men-at-arms,) or have his head struck off as an example to others." march and eager to meet us: this they will do, for we can neither The king said it should be done, and two knights were ordered by fly nor return to Lisbon. We have left that town: therefore act well him to examine the army and admonish it, and see if any symptoms and sell your lives dearly. You have made me your king: this day appeared among them of fear. The knights, on their return, reported I shall see whether the crown is to be peaceably mine; for be assured to the king, that wherever they had visited, and they had examined I will never fly, but abide the event." They replied, "God assist all the different compamies, they had foumd every one resolute and us! we will all stand by you." determined to await the event of the battle. "So much the better," Northber-ry and Hartsel were then called, with others the most said the king. He issued orders to the army, if any persons were experienced in arms, and men who had seen the greatest number of desirous of knighthood, to come forward, and he would confer on battles, when they were asked their opinion, as to the best mode of them the order of knighthood in the name of God and St. George acting, to wait the event of a battle; for they were likely to be forced From the information I had, it seems thlat sixty new knights were to fight, as the enemy was advancing fast, and in such numbers that created, which pleased the king much; and placing them in front they were at least four to one. The Englishmen said, "Since we of the arniy he said,." My fmir sirs, the order of chivalry is more must have a battle, and they are superior to us in numbers, it is an exalted and noble than imagination can suppose; and no knight unequal chance, and we cannot conquer them but by taking advan- ought to suffer himself to be debased by cowardice or any villainous tage of the hedges and bushes: let us therefore fortify ourselves in or dirty action; but when his helmet is on his head, he should be bold or fierce asct ion; u when heishelets onhis prey;and, beaue Iwshyouldbod such manner, and you will see they will not so easily break us as if d fierce as a lion when he sees his prey; and because I wish you tondo yourcouae ths dalio when ithil sees hispey;adbcuse I order you we were in the plain. The king replied, "You speak wisely, and t your courage this day when it wil be eedful, I order you it shall be done as you recommend." to the front of the battalion, where you must exert yourselves, that we may both obtain honor, otherwise your spurs will not become you." Each new knight answered in his turn, as he marcihed by, "Sire, we will. with God's grace, do so, that we shall gain your love ~C H~ A P T E R X V. and approbation." In this manner were the Portuguese drawn up, THE PORTUGUESE FORTIFY THEMSELVES, NEAR THE CHURCH OF ALJUBA- and fortified near the church of Aljubarota. None of the English ROTA,* ir THE ADVICE OF THE ENGLISH. KINIt' JOHN OF CASTILLE, were desirous to be knighted this day: they were requested by the TIIROUGH THE COUNSEL OF THE FRENCH AND BEAnNOIS, RESoLvES TO king to be so, but excused themselves for that time. FIGHT THEN. TH.E HATRED AND JC:ALOUSIES OF THE CASTILLIANS We will now return to the king of Castille, atsd t the knights, STILL CONTINUE A AINST THE FOREIGNERS. squires and men-at-arms from l ftance and Gascony with him, and speak of the appearance of the Spaniards, and how they were drawn TH~.E Portuguese and Lisbonel's approveit the advice of the Enghish, and gave their opinion whither they should march. They were up. The knights they had sent out to reconnsoitre, had returned, and then near Ad ubarota, a large vilage,o whih e they hod sent said: "Sir king, and you b arons and knights present, we have leisrheanarAubaroa,_aargeillaget__wichpaceteyhasenturely examined our enemies: we do not believe their whole amount is more than ten thousand men: they have marched to the abbey of a"iniu, rlAjubarota, where they have halted, and are drawn up in order of 3S0 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FR AN CE, SPAIN, &c. battle; and there they may be found by whoever chooses to seek companied by all those who had come from different countries, and for them." Upon this the king summoned a council, to which, in whom the Castillians called indiscriminately Frenchmen, completely particular, the barons and knights of France were invited: they were armed except their helmets, and said: "My lord king, we are come asked, what was best to be done, when they instantly replied, "Sir, from distant countries with the best disposition to serve you: grant us, it is proper they should be fought with: we see nothing else to be we beg of you, that we may form the van battalion." "I grant it," done; for, from the report of our scouts, they are alarmed for the replied the king, "in the name of God, St. James, ana my lord St. event, as they find themselves distant from any fortress whither they George, and may they be with you!" Upon this, the Spaniards may retreat, and aisbon is six leagues off; they cannot, therefore, whispered one to another, "See, for God's sake! see how our king easily run thither, even if they should take advantage of the night, confides wholly in these foreigners: he has not any trust in others. without being overtaken on the road. We therefore, sir, advise, They have obtained the honor of the van, and hold us so cheap they since we know where they are, that we be drawn up in battle array, will not invite us to make a part. They are now drawing themselves and march to combat them, while your men are in a good disposition up separately. Well, we will do the same on our part, and, by God, to behave well." let them combat and fight by themselves. Have they not already The king then asked his countrymen their opinions, such as Don boasted they are sufficient to vanquish the Portuguese? Be it so, Gonzales Nunez de Gusman, don Diego de Mendoza, Peter Gonza- then: we are contented; but it will be right we ask the king if he lea de Mendoza, Peter Lopez d'Ayala, and the grand-master of GCal choose to remain with us or go with the Frenchmen." They were atrava, who replied: " My lord, we have well heard the French murmuring a long time, whether they should put such a question to knights advise you to march instantly against your enemies; but we the king or not, for they were much afraid of the reprimands of sir wish you and them to know, that before we can arrive thither it will Reginald de Linousin. Having fully considered, they thought there be night, for the sun is now on the decline, and we have not yet would not be any harm in asking the question. Six therefore of the arranged our order of battle. It would be better to wait until morn- principal nobles, employed about his person, advanced, and, with ing, and approach them so near that we may discover by our scouts, many obeisances, thus spoke: "Most noble king, we perceive plainly whom we can spread over the plain, in what manner they have posted that this day there will be an engagement with your enemies. God themselves; and if they should incline to march away during the grant you may have the victory and honor! as we sincerely wish it; night, we might also decamp, when they cannot escape, for the coun- but we are anxious to know your pleasure, whether you will remain try is quite open, and there is not any strong place except Lisbon, with us or march with the Frenchmen?" "By no means," replied so they must fall an easy prey to us. This is the advice we give." the king: "my fair sirs, if I have determined on battle, in conse. The king, on hearing this, was silent, and looked first on the ground quence of the advice of the knights and squires from France who and then on the foreigners; when sir Reginald de Limousin, mar- have come to serve me, and who are men of great valor and abilities, shal of the army, thus spake (in order to please the French) in Span- I do not renounce you, but will remain among you, and you will ish, that he might be heard and understood by all, for he spoke that therefore help in defending me." The Castillians were delighted language fluently, so long had he resided among them, addressing with this answer; and said, "That, my lord, will we do, and never himself to the Spaniards who were near the king, and who had given fail you as long as we live; for we have sworn to do so, and pledged him the last advice: "How can you, my lords, (calling each of them our faith on the day you were crowned: we had besides so great by name, for he was well acquainted with them all) pretend to have an affection for the good king your father, that nothing shall ever more knowledge of battles or more experience in war than the valiant make us desert you." The king of Castille remained with the Cas. knights and squires here present? how can you imagine you can tillians, who amounted to full twenty thousand horse all covered with devise any plan superior to theirs, or even that could be of any value? armor. Sir Reginald de Limousin was in the first battalion, that For their whole life has been employed in travelling from one king- post being his right as marshal. dom to another, in search of adventures. How can you dare offer any other opinion, or thus detract from what they have so nobly said in the defence of the honor of the king and country; in which you C H A P T E R XVI. are more interested than they are. for you have therein your properti.es as well as your persons, while they have only their persons. THE BATTLE OF ALJUBAROTA, IN WHICH TIlE FRENCH AND BEARNOIS, 1N They have offered a proof of their attachment, by requesting of the THE INTEREST OF CASTILLE, ARE DEFEATED AND SLAIN BY THE PORTU. king to be posted in front of the battalions, which his majesty has GUESE, FROM NOT BEING PROPERLY SUPPORTED BY THE CASTILLIANS, WHO WERE JEALOUS OF THEM. THE.Y AFTERWARDS MEET THE SAMLA disappr)ved. Consider how disinterested they must be, when they E made this offer. It would appear to some persons as if you were FATE. envious, and wished not that any honor or profit might accrue to Tins Saturday had been a fine clear day, but the sun was now them, or that the king should gain the victory over his enemies. declining, and it was about the hour of vespers, when the first batHonorable men-at-arms, who seek perfection, should be above low talion of the Castillian army came before Aljubarota, where the king jealousies and such base passions, and always be of one and the same of Portugal and his men were drawn up in battle array. The French way of thinking. Besides, through your advice, has the king been knights amounted to two thousand, as gallant lances as could be thus long and expensively kept at the siege of Lisbon, without hav. seen. The moment they perceived the enemy they formed in close ing an opportunity of a battle, until now when the master of Avis order, like men of resolution who knew their business, and advanced (who signs himself king of Portugal, though he can have no such within bow-shot. This attack was very sharp; for those who were right, being a bastard) has taken the field. He is at Aljubarota at eager after glory, and to perform feats of arms, assaulted the place this moment with all the force he can muster, but it is not any way which the English had fortified. The entrance having been made great: if it should therefore happen that he make his escape from us, narrow caused a great pressure of the assailants against each other, and avoid a battle, you will run the risk of the people rising and slay. and much mischief was done by the English archers, who shot so ing you; or the king, considering you as traitors, will have you be-. vigorously and quick that the horses were larded, as it were, with headed, and your estates confiscated. I therefore see no better means arrows, and fell one on the other. The few English men-at-arms and for you than being silent, and agreeing with those who have been the Lisboners now came forward, shouting their cry of "Our Lady actors in more matters of this sort than you ever have been engaged for Lisbon!" They were armed with well steeled Bordeaux lances, in, or ever will be." with which they pierced through everything, and wounded knights As sir Reginald ended this speech, the king raised his eyes from and squires. The lord de Lingnach of Bgarn was unhorsed, his the ground, and seemed highly pleased with what he had heard: the banner taken, and himself made prisoner, and numbers of his men Spaniards on the contrary, were thunderstruck, and thought, at the slain or taken. On the other hand, sir John de Rue, sir Geoffry moment, they had done worse than they really had; for, notwith- Ricon, sir Geoffry de Partenay, with difficulty, had entered the fort standing the marshal had thus opposed and reproved them, they had with their men; but their horses were so wounded by the archers, wisely and prudently advised the king, for he could not have had they fell down urider them. The men-at-arms on their side were in better counsel; but his valor and frankness made him speak as fol. great danger, for one could not assist the other, nor could they gain lows in compliance with the French and the strangers present, who room to exert themselves, while the Portuguese, seeing the ill success were eager for battle. Every one was silent, when the king said: which had attended the first assailants, were as fresh and as active as'In the name of GOD and my lord St. James, I will that we combat ever for the combat. The king of Portugal was mounted on a tall our enemies, and that those who desire knighthood, may advance, courser ddcorated all over with the arms of Portugal, and his banner and receive the order of chivalry in honor of God and St. George." set up before him: he was much pleased at seeing the defeat of his Many squires of France and B6arn came forward, and were knighted enemies, and to encourage his men, and for his own pleasure he by the king's hand; such as sir Roger d'Espaign, and his son Ed- laughed aloud, crying out; "Go on, my good fellows: defend your. rnund: from the county of Foix, sir Bertrand de Barege, sir Peter selves well, for, if there be no more thanwhat I see, we shall not de Salbiere, sir Peter de Valentin, sir William de Quer, sir Anglers make much of them; and if I have any knowledge of war, these de Sollenaire, sir Peter de Vaud, sir William de Mondigy, with many men must remain with us." more; in all, one hundred and forty, who willingly accepted the order Thus did the king of Portugal encourage his men, who fought of knighthood. Some barons of Bgarn first displayed their banners valiantly, and, having inclosed the first comers within their fort, they with several of Castille and sir John de Rue, were putting numbers of them to death. True it is, that this first You might have seen these young knights, filll of vigor and gal- battalion of which I am speaking, under the command of knights lantry, carrying themselves so handsomely that'it was a pleasant from France and B1arn, expected to have been more quickly and spectacle to see; and they were, as I have said, a large battalion of better supported by the Castillians than they were; for if the king of themselves. The lord de Lingnach then approached the king, ac- Castille with the main army, which consisted at least of twenty CHIRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 3 thousand men, had advanced to check the Portuguee in another They were scattered about disarmed in different parts. considering qluarter, the day must have been theirs; but they did nothing, for themselves in safety, for their lives at least; but it was not so, which which they suffered much loss and blame. It is also true, that the was a great pity. Each man killed his prisoner, and those who re. battle began too soon; but they did so to acquire greater honor, and fused, had him slain before their eyes: for the Portuguese and Engto make their words good which they had said in the presence of the lish, who had given this advice, said, "It was better to kill than to king. On the other hand, as I have heard, the Castillians made no be killed; and if we do not put them to death they will liberate great haste to advance, for the French were not in good favor with themselves while we are fighlting, and then slay us, for no one ought them, and they had said; "Let them begin the fight, and tire them- to put confidence in his prisoner." By this order were killed the lobd selves: they will find enough to do. These Frenchmen are too great de Lingnach, sir Peter fie Salbiere, the lords de Lespre, de Be'arn, boasters, and too vainglorious, and our king has not any perfect con- des Bordes, sir Bertrand de Barege, the lord de Moriane, sir Raymond fidence but in them. Since he wishes that they should have the Donzack, sir John Afolege, sir Manaut de Saremen, sir Peter de Sali. honor of the day, it shall be so; for we will have it our own way, or bieres, sir Stephen de Valentin, sir Raymond de Courasse, sir Peter not at all." Conformably to this resolution, the Spaniards kIept in a de Hausane, with full three hundred squires from Bearn. Of French. large body, twenty thousand at least, in the plain, and would not ad- men, there were sir John de Rue, sir Geoffry Ricon, sir Geoffry de vance, which vexed the king much; but he could not help it, for they Partenay, and many more. This was a very unfortunate event to the said; "My lord, it is all over, (though none had returned from the prisoners, as well as to the Portuguese; for they put to death, this battle:) these French knights have defeated your enemies: the Saturday, as many good prisoners as would have been worth to them, honor and victory of the day are theirs." " God grant it may be so!" taking one with another, four hundred thousand francs. When they replied the king; "but let us advance a little," They advanced had thus cleared the place, by putting every one to death (for none about a bow-shot, and halted again. It was truly a fine sight to view escaped but those who had been carried to the village of Aljubarota, their appearance, so well and handsomely were they armed and where the baggage and stores were,) they again formed themselves mounted. During all this time the French were fighting; and those in the same position and place as when the van battalion commenced knights and squires who had been able to dismount performed many their attack. gallant deeds, for, when their lances were broken, they used their The sun was now setting, when the king of Castille advanced in battle-axes, and wil th bea gave such desperate blows on the helmets puissant array, with banners displayed, and on barbed horses, shout of all wsho opposed theni, that wounds, if not death, were the conse- ing out "Castile!" and entered the fortified pass. They were quences. Whoever is engaged in such-like combats as this at Alju- received with lances and battle-axes, and the first flight of arrows bareta must abide the event, if safety be not sought in flight: but in grievously wounded their horses, threw them into confusion, and flight there is more danger than in the heat of the battle, for, when many were wounded or slain. The king of Castille, ignorant of the any one flies a pursuit is msrade, and, if overtaken, he is slain: when unfortunate fate of the van, imagining they were only prisoners, was in a battle, if the chance turn unfortunate, he surrenders, and is well anxious to deliver them, as you have heard. The battle raged with taken care of as a captive. violence: many were thrown to the ground, and the Portuguese had It cannot be denied but that the knights and squires from France, not the advantage: they were forced to fight most valiantly, or they Brittany, Burgundy and Bearn, fought valiantly: they were over- would have been overpowered: they owed their safety to the impospowered at the first onset, froin the advice the English had given to sibility of' being attacked but in one place. The king of Portugal fortify the place: besides, in this attack, the Portuguese were supe- dismounted, and, talking his battle-axe, placed himself at the pare, nior in numbers. They therefore were at their mercy, and all were where he performed wonders, knocking down three or four of the slain or taken, for few escaped. At this beginning they made a stoutest of the enemy, insomuch that none dared to approach him. thousand knights and squires prisoners, which gave them much joy. I must not omit to notice the manner in which the Spaniards geniThey did not expect any further battle that day, and entertained their rally act in war. It is true they make a handsome figure oni horseprisoners handsomely, saying to them; " Do not be cast down: you back, spur off to advantage, and fight well at the first onset; but as have valiantly fought and have been conquered fairly: we will be- soon as they have thrown two or three darts, and given a stroke with have to you as generously as we should wish to be dealt with our- their spears, without disconcerting the enemy, they take alarm, turn selves, were we in your situation. You must come and recruit their horses' heads pnd save themselves by flight as well as they can: yourselves in the good city of Lisbon, where you shall have every this game they played at Aljubarota; for they found their enemies comfort." Those to whom such speeches were made, replied by obstinate, and as fresh as if they had not had an engagement, which returning thanks. Some were ransomed on the spot, and others said astonished them much; and their surprise was increased by not they would wait the event, for they did not imagine things would hearing anything of the van battalion. remain as they then were, but that the king of Spain would come The Spaniards had a hard afternoon's work, and the fortune of with the main army and deliver them. war was greatly against them: all who through courage, or a wish As the king of Castille and his people were drawing near to Alju- to distinguish themselves, had entered the fort of the Lisboners, were barota, news of what had happened speedily came to them from the cut to pieces; for they could not ransom any, whether poor or nobl-, runaways (for unfortunate indeed is the battle whence no one es- (such had been their orders) nor encumber themselves with prisoners. capes,) who cried aloud and with much fear; "Sir king, advance; Very many of the nobles of Castille were there slain: among the for your whole van battalion are either slain or made prisoners, and greatest barons who suffered, were sir Dangommes Neudrich. 0`1 there is no hope of deliverance but from you." When the king heard Diego Parsament, don Pedro de Rourmont, sir Marc de Versauxz, Ihe this he was much enraged, and with reason, for it too nearly con-. grand-master of Calatrava, and his brother, who was that day created cerned him: he instantly gave orders to march, saying, " March, a knight, and called sir Diego Moro, sir Peter Goussart de Modesque, banners, it tihe name of God and St. George: let us hasten to the don Pedro Goussart de Seville, don John Roderigo de la Rousselle, rescue of our friends who have been captured, for they have need of with upward of sixty barons and knights of Spain. There were not us." The Castillians began to quicken their march in close order: even at the battle of Najara, when the prince of Wales defeated the it was now past vespers, and the sun was setting, when some of them king, don Henry, so many nobles of Castille killed, as at this battle said, it would be better to wait for the morning, as it would soon be of Aljubarota, which was on a Saturday, the feast of our Lady, night, when they would be unable to perform any good deeds of August, 1385 arias. But the king was determined to advance, and was in the right; for he said, "How can we think of thus deserting our friends, who are fatigued and in distress? whoever gives such advice neither CHAPTER XVII, loves sme nor regards my honor." They continued therefore to advance, with trumpets sounding and drums beatisg, and making a TIHE RING OF CASTILLE, AFTER HIS DEFEAT AT ALJUBAROTA, RETREATS great noise tro freighten their enemies. dusbaiganmTO SANTAREM. THE KING OF PORTUGAL RETURNS TO LISBON. A great noise to frighten their enemies. I will now relate how the king of Portugal and his army had em- TRUCE IS CONCLUDE BETWEEN TIIE. ployed themselves. As soon as they had defeated the van division WHEN king Henry perceived that his army was defeated, the van and taken care of their prisoners, as has been before said, they did battalion having been totally destroyed, that sir Reginald de Limou. not confide in this first victory, though they saw not any appearance sin, his marshal, was slain, and that the flower of his own chivalry, of reinforcements, but ordered six men-at-arms, the best mounted, to as wvell as that of France, which had come so willingly to serve him, reconnoitre, and bring them intelligence, if they were to expect an. were dead or disabled, he was mightily cast down, and knew not othier battle. Those who had been sent on this expedition, saw and how to act. He saw his men flying in all directions, and heard them hieard the army of the king of Castille, which was at least twenty crying to him, "My lord, march away: it is time for you: the battle thousand men on horseback, and approaching very near to Aljuba- is over: you alone cannot conqner your enemies, nor repair your rota: they returned full gallop to their friends, and said aloud, "My losses: your men are running away on all sides, for every one now lorsls, take care of yourselves, for hitherto we have done nothing: looks to himself: you know, also, it will be prudent, at this moment, the king of Castille is advancing with his whole army, of twenty to follow their example, and if fortune is now against you, another thousand horse, for not one has remaised behind." On hearing this time she may be more favorable." The king of Castille followed they held a short council, as the necessity of the case obliged them, thsis advice: he changed his horse, and mounted a fresh one that had and came to a pitiless resolution; for it was commassasnded, under pain not been rode that day, and which had great speed. The kiig stuck of death, that whoever had taken a prisoner should instantly kill spurs into him, turned his back to his enemies, and made for Santa. him, and that neither noble, nor rich, nor simple, should he exempted. rem, whither all the runaways, who wished to save themselves, Those barons, knights and squires, who had bee:3 captured, were it fmlh.weld. a melanecho;y situation, for entreaties would hsav.een of no avmmml. Ii:e lung of Castille had that day ordered a knight of his house. 382 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c hold, called sir Peter Harem, to bear his helmet This helmet was xniglht, sir Martin Harene,* came into the town, bringing with him encircled with gold, and might be worth twenty thousand francs. his majesty's helmet, which was estimated at twenty thousand francs, The king intended wearing it at the battle, and had so ordered it the on account of the rich jewels with which it was ornamented. Much morning he marched from Santarern, but did not do so; for, when had been said on this subject in the king's household, and some had the army was forming, there was so great a crowd round the king, declared he had fraudulently carried it off, and would never moro the knight could not come near, and, not hearing himself called, he return. When the knight came before the king, he cast himself on ceased to attempt it. Shortly afterwards, he heard that the Portu- his knees, and made such fair excuses that the king and council held guese had gained the day, and saw his own army flying in all direc- him blameless. Things remained in this state, and the king of Cas. tions: fearful of losing so rich a jewel as the king's helmet, that was tille returned to Burgos, the twenty-fifth day after his arrival at San valued so highly, he put it on his own head, not to lose it nor have tarem, having dismissed his whole army. Negotiations were now it stolen from him by meeting the enemy, and fled: he did not follow entered on between the kings of Castille and Portugal, and a truce the road to San:arem, but took another, like to peopl.e thunderstruck was made between them and their allies, as well on land as at sea, and discomfited; but the greater part made for Sarntaern, where the from Michaelmas until the first day of May. The bodies of the king arrived in the evening, confounded and cast down. barons and knights who had been slain at Aljubarota, were buried After the defeat of the Spaniards at Aljubarota, the Portuguese in that and in the neighboring churches: the bones of many were and Lisboners kept the field of battle: the slaughter was great, and carried by their servants to their own countries would have been more if they had pursued the enemy; for the English seeing the enemy turn their backs, called aloud to the king of Portugal, Sir king, let us mount our horses, and set out on the CHAPTER XVIII. pursuit, and all these runaways shall be dead men." " I will not," replied the king: " vhat we have done ought to satisfy us. Our TIE COUNT DE FOIX IS RAPIDLY, AND IN A SECRET 1ANNER, INFORIIED OF men arle fatigued, and have fought hard this evening: it is now so dark WHAT HAD HAPPENED AT ALJUBAROTA. FROISSAaT, rN CONSEQUENCE we shall not know whither we are going, nor how many are flying. O THIS, RELATES A STORY WHICH HAD BEEN TOLD HIM OF A FAINTIA Their army was very numerous, and perhaps this may be a stratagem S T, CALLED ORTHON, wo sv TE LORD D coSS IN TIE to draw us out of our fort, and the more easily conquer us. We will L MANNR. this day guard the dead, and to-morrow call a council and consider A FACT I am about to relate will astonish my readers, if they conhow we shall next act." "By my faith," replied Hartsel, an Eng- sider and pay any attention to it. It was told me in the hotel of the lishman, "the dead are easily guarded: they will do us no harm, nor count de Foix, at Orth/s, and by the same person who had informnied slhall we have any profit from them, for we have slain our rich pris- ime of the battle of Aljubarota, and the event of that day. 1 wvill oners. We are strangers, come from a distance to serve you, and therefore narrate it; for, ever since the squire related it to me, I have would willingly gain something from these calves that are flying much thought on it, and shall do so as long as I live. It is a fact, as without wings, and who drive their banners before theum." "Fair the squire assured me, that the count de Foix was informed, the day brother," said the king, "all covet, all lose: it is much better that after the battle of Aljubarota, of everything that had there happened, we remain on our guard, since the honor and victory are ours, through the same as I have related it, which surprised me exceedingly how God's grace, than run any risk where there is no necessity for it. this could possibly have been. Thanks to God, we have enough to make you all rich." Nothing The whole days of Sunday, Monday, and the following Tuesday, more was said on the subject. Thus, asn have related, happened the lie was in his castle of Orth/s, and made such poor and melancholy battle of Aljubarota, which the king of Portugal completely gained. meals that not one word could be drawn from him; ncr would he There were slain about five hundred knights, and full as mrany, if not during that time, quit his chamber, nor speak to knight or squire more, squires, which was a great pity, and six or seven thousand however inearly they were related by blood, unless he had sent for other men: God have mercy on their poor souls! him; and it also happened, that he even sent for some, to whom he The king of Portugal and his men remained all night under arms, never opened his lips during these three days. On the Tuesday, i, at their post without stirring, until about six o'clock on Sunday morn- the evening, he called his brother Arnold William, and said to him ing. They ate a morsel standing or sitting, and quaffed a cup or so in a low voice, "Our people have had a desperate battle, which has of wine, which was brought to them from the village of AIjubarota. vexed me very much, for it has happened to them just as I had foreAt sunrise, the king of Portugal ordered twelve knights to mount told at their departure." Arnold William, who was a wise man and their horses, and scour the country, to see if there were any bodies a prudent knight, well acquainted with the temper of his brother, of men assembled together. When they had rode far and near, on was silent. The count, anxious to cheer up his courage, for he had their return, they said they had seen nothing but dead men. "Of too long nurtured in his breast this sad news, added, "By God, sir them we have no fear," said the king, who gave orders for the army Arnold, it is just as I have told you; and very soon we shall have to march to the village of AIjubarota, where they were to halt the news of it. Never has the country of Bearn suffered so severely foi' rest of the day and that night until Monday morning. Upon this they these hundred years past, as it has now at this battle in Portugal.'" decamped, leaving the church of Aljubarota, and quartered them- Many knights and squires who were present, and heard the words of selves in the village the whole of Sunday and the following night. the count, were afraid to speak, but commented within themselves On Monday morning, it was ordered in council that they should on them. return to Lisbon, and the trumpets sounded to decamp. They then Within ten days, the truth was known from those who had been in formed themselves in handsomnie array, and toolk the road to Lisbon. the battle, and they first told the count, and all who wished to hear On the Tuesday, the king entered the city, amid an immense con- them, everything relative to their disputes with the Castiliians and course of people, with great glory and triumph, and was conducted the event of the battle at Aljubarota. This renewed the grief of tilhe by a numerous company of minstrels, and a long procession of count, and of those persons belonging to the country, who had lost churchmen, who had come out to meet him as far as the palace. As brothers, relations, children, or friends. "Holy Mary!" said I to the he rode through the streets, all the people, and even the children, paid squire, " how was it possible for the count to know, or even to guess him the greatest respect and reverence, shouting out, "Long live at it, on the morrow after it had happened?" " By my faith," rethe noble king of Portugal! to whom God has been gracious in giv- plied he, " he knew it well enough, as it appeared afterwards." "Is ing victory over the potent king of Castille, the gain of the field and he a Wizard, then," said I, "or has he messengers who ride on the discomfiture of his enemies." By this fortunate victory which the winds? for he must have some secret art." Upon this, the squire king of Portugal had over don John of Castille, as I have just related, began to laugh, and said, " In truth, he must have known it by nimans he won so much the affections of all Portugal, that those, who before of necromancy. We indeed are ignorant in this country, how he tills battle had dissembled their sentiments, now came to Lisbon, manages, but wo have our suspicions."' Upon this, I said to the took the oaths, and paid their homage to him, saying, he was worthy squire, "Now do have the goodness to tell me what your suspicions to live, and God must love him when gave hdim the victory over a are, and I shall be very much obliged to you. If it be necessary to king more powerful than hiniself, and that he deserved to wear a keep it secret, I will be silent, and never open my mouth on the sub. crown. Thus did the king acquire ten love of his subjects, more es- ject as long as I live or remain in this country." "I must entreat pecially of the whole comnmonalty of the kingdom. that of you," replied the squire, "for I would not have it known that We will now say something of the khimg of Castille, who, after his I had told it to you; for we only speak of it secretly when among defeat, retreated to Santaremr, regretting and bewailing tke loss of our friends." Upon this, he drew me aside to a cornier of the vault his men, and cursing the hard fate hlie had had, when such numbers of the chapel of Orthis, and thus began his tale: of noble knights of his kingdom, as well as those from France, lay "About twenty years ago, there lived a baron in this country, dead on te field. At the time lie entered the town of Santarem, he called Raymond, lord of Corasse. You must understand, that Coknew not the greatness of his loss, but was imiade acquainted with it rasse is a town seven leagues distant from Orthbs. This lord of on the Sunday, when he sent his heralds to examine the field of bat- Corasse had a suit at Avignon, before the pope, for the tithes of his tie, having imagined the greater part of those barons and knights church, against a priest of Catalonia: this priest was very learned whom they found lying dead, had been prisoners to the Portuguese. who claimed these tithes, which were worth a hundred forins a He was so much enraged when the heralds returned, on learning the year. He proved his right so clearly that pope Urban V. in full con. names of those who had fallen, and the certainty of their deaths, that sistory, gave a definitive judgment in favor of the priest, condemning he could not be appeased or comforted. He declared with an oath, the knight tocosts of suit. The priest obtained a copy of this sen he should never again taste joy, for the loss of so many noble knights, tence, and hastened to B~arn, where showing it, and his bulls friom who had perished thro-~.h2 his fault. I who had perisfhed throm',;I~yhS his fault.ad passed at Santarem, his MSS. Peter Harem,;* His name is not meattoned ia the printed copies anti! now, but he is callmml ia n At the end of the thv.n days the king had p a s e MtSatrihsMqq. Peter Ilarem. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 383 the pope, he obtained possession of the tithes. The lord de Co. formed of everything that passes in the world.''My lord,' replied rasse, being doubtful of the priest and of his designs, went to him the knight,' I will do so.' The lord de Corasse was served by Or. and said' Master Peter, or master Martin (according as he was thon for a long time. I am ignorant if Orthon had more than one called,) do you think I will lose my inheritance through the papers master; but two or three times every week he visited the k1night, you have brought hither? I do not believe you will be bold enough and told him all the news of the countries he had frequented, which to collect anything belonging to me; for if' you do, your life shall he wrote immediately to the count de Foix, who was nuch delighted pay for it. Go elsewhere and seek for benefices, for you shall not therewith, as there is not a lord in tlhe world more eacer after news have anything from my estates; and, once for all, I forbid you to firom foreign parts than he is. Once, when the lord de Corasse was take any tithes.' The clerk was fearfuill of the knight, as he knew in conversation on this subject with the count de Foix, the count him to be a cruel man, and dared not persevere, but resolved to re- said,'Lord de Corasse, have you never yet seen your messenger?' turn to Avignon, which he did. Before he set out, he came again'No, by my faith, never; nor have I ever pressed him on this matto the lord de Corasse, and said to him:'By force, and not by jus- ter.''I wonder at that,' replied the count:'for had he been so tice, you deprive me of the rights of my church, for which, in con- much attached to me, I should have begged of him to have shown science, you behave exceedingly ill. I am not so powerful in this himself in his own proper form; and I entreat you will do so, that country as you are; but know, that as soon as I possibly can, I will you may tell how he is made, and what he is like. You have said, send you a champion that you will be more afraid of than you have that he speaks Gascon as well as you or I do.'' By my faith,' said hitherto been of me.' The lord de Corasse, not alarmed at his men. the lord de Corasse,' he converses just as well and as properly; and, aces, replied:' Go, in God's name go: do what thou canst: I fear since you request it, I will do all I can to see him.' thee neither dead nor alive; and for thy speeches I will not lose my "It fell out, when the lord de Corasse, as usual, was in bed with property.' The clerk then departed, and went I know not whether his lady (who was now accustomed to hear Orthon without being to Catalonia or to Avignon, but did not forget what he had told the frightened,) Orthon arrived, and shook the pillow of the knight, lord de Corasse on leaving himl; for, about three months after, when who was asleep. On waking, he asked who was there? Orthon the knight least thought of it, and was sleeping in his bed with his replied,'It is I.''And where dost thou come from?''I come lady, in his castle of Corasse, there came invisible messengers, who from Prague in Bohemia.''How far is it hence?''Sixty days' made such a noise, knocking about everything they met with in the journey,' replied Orthon.'And hast thou returned thence in so castle, as if they were determined to destroy all within it: and they short a time?'' Yes, as may God help me: I travel as fast as the gave such loud raps at the door of the chamber of the knight, that wind, or faster.'' What, hast thou got wings?'' Oh, no.' How, the lady was exceedingly frightened. The knight heard it all, but then canst thou fly so fast?''That is no business of yours.''No' did not say a word, as he would not have it appear that he was said the knight.'I should like exceedingly to see what form thou alarmed, for he was a man of sufficient courage for any adventure. hast, and how thou art made.'' That does not concern you to These noises and tumults continued, in different parts of the castle, know,' replied Orthon;' be satisfied that you hear me, and that I for a considerable time, and then ceased. On the morrow, all the bring you intelligence you may depend on.''By God,' said the servants of the household assembled, and went to their lord, and lord de Corasse,'I should love thee better if I had seen thee.' said:' My lord, did you not hear what we all heard this night?''Well,' replied Orthon,'since you have such a desire, the first The lord de Corasse dissembled, and replied,'What is it you have thing you shall see to-morrow morning, in quitting your bed, shall heard?' They then related to him all the noises and rioting they be myself.''I am satisfied,' said the knight;'you may now dehad heard, and that the plates in the kitchen had been broken. He part: I give thee thy liberty for this night.' began to laugh, and said,'it was nothing: that they had dreamed "When morning came, the knight arose, but his lady was so much it, or that it had been the wind.''In the name of God,' added the frightened she pretended to be sick, and said she we uld not leave lady,'I well heard it.' her bed the whole day. The lord de Corasse willed it otherwise. On the following night, the noises and rioting were renewed, but Sir,' said she,'if I do get up, I shallsee Orthon; and, if it please much louder than before; and there were such blows struck against God, I would neither see nor meet him.''Well,' replied the the door and windows of the chamber of the knight, that it seemed knight,'I am determined to see him;' and, leaping out of his bed, they would break them down. The knight could no longer desist he seated himself on the bedstead, thinking he should see Orthon in from leaping out of his bed, and calling out,'Who is it that at this his own shape; but he saw nothing that could induce him to say he hour thus knocks at my chamber door?' He was instantly answered, had seen him. When the ensuing night arrived, and the lord de'It is I.''And who sends thee hither?' asked the knight.'The Corasse was in bed, Orthon came and began to talk in his usual clerk of Catalonia, whom thou hast much wronged: for thou hast manner.'Go,' said the knight;' thou art a liar: thou oughtest to deprived him of the rights of his benefice: I will, therefore, never have shown thyself to me this morning, and hast not done so.''No!' leave thee quiet, until thou hast rendered him a just account, with replied Orthon;'but I have.''I say, no.''And did you see no. which he shall be contented.'' What art thou called,' said the thing at all when you leaped out of bed?' The lord de Corasse was knight,'who art so good a messenger?''My name is Orthon.' silent, and, having considered awhile, said,' Yes; when sitting on' Orthon,' said the knight,' serving a clerk will not be of much ad. my bedside, and thinking of thee, I saw two straws which were vantage to thee; for, if thou believest him, he will give thee great turning and playing together on the floor.''That was myself,' retrouble: I beg thou wilt therefore leave him and serve me, and I plied Orthon,' for I had taken that form.' The lord de Corasse shall think myself obliged to thee.' Orthon was ready with his an. said,'That will not satisfy me; I beg of thee to assume some other swer, for he had taken a liking to the knight, and said,'do you shape, so that I may see thee and know thee.' Orthon answered, wish it?''Yes,' replied the knight;' but no harm must be done to' You ask so much that you will ruin me and force me away from any one within these walls.''Oh no,' answered Orthon:'I have you, for your requests are too great.''You shall not quit me,' said no power'O do ill to any one, only to awaken thee and disturb thy the lord de Corasse;'if I had once seen thee, I should not again rest, or that of other persons.''Do what I tell thee,' added the wish it.''Well,' replied Orthon,'you shall see me to-morrow, if knight:'we shall well agree; and leave this wicked priest, for he you pay attention to the first thing you observe when you leave is a worthless fellow, and serve me.'' Well,' replied Orthon,'since your chamber.''I am contented,' said the knight;' now go thy thou wilt have it so, I consent.' ways, for I want to sleep.' Orthon departed. On the morrow, "Orthon took such an affection to the lord de Corasse, that he about the hour of eight, the knight had risen and was dressed; on came often to see him in the night-time; and, when he found him leaving his apartment, he went to a window which looked into the sleeping, he pulled his pillow from under his head, or made great court of the castle. Casting his eyes about, the first thing he obnoises at the door or windows; so that, when the knight was served was an immensely large sow; but she was so poor, she awakened, he said,'Orthon, lot me sleep.''I will not,' replied seemed only skin and bone, with long hanging ears all spotted, and he,'until I have told thee some news.' The knight's lady was so a sharp-pointed lean snout. The lord de Corasse was disgusted at much frightened, the hairs of her head stood on end, and she hid her- such a sight, and, calling to his servants, said,'Let the dogs loose self under the bedclothes.'Well,' said the knight,'and what quickly, for I will have that sow killed and devoured.' The servants news hast thou brought me?' Orthon replied,'I am come from hastened to open the kennel, and to set the hounds on the sow, who England, Hungary, or some other place, which I left yesterday, and uttered a loud cry and looked up at the lord de Corasse, leaning on such and such things have happened.' Thus did the lord de Co- the balcony of his window, and was never seen afterwards; for she rasse know by means of Orthon all things that were passing in dif- vanished, and no one ever knew what became of her. ferent parts of the world; and this connection continued for five "The knight returned quite pensive to his chamber, for he then years; but he could not keep it to himself, and discovered it to the recollected what Orthon had told him, and said,'I believe I have count de Foix, in the manner I will tell you. The first year, the seen my messenger Orthon, and repent having set my hounds ohi lord de Corasse came to the count de Foix at Orth~s, or elsewhere, him, for perhaps I may never see him more: he frequently told me. and told him,'My lord, isuch an event has happened in England, in that if I ever angered him, I should lose him.' He kept his word, Scotland, Germany, or some other country;' and the count de Foix, for never did he return to the h6tel de Corasse, and the knight died who found all this intelligence prove true, marvelled greatly how he the following year. Thus have I related to you the history of Orthon, could have acquired such early information, and entreated him so and how for a time he supplied the lord de Corasse with intelligence." earnestly, that the lord de Corasse told him the means by which he "That is true," said I to the squire; "but, with what intent have had acquired his intelligence, and the manner of its communication. you told it? Does the count do Foix make use of such a messenger?" When the count de Foix heard this, he was much pleased, and said, "In good truth, that is the real opinion of several of the inhabitants'Lord de Corasse, nourish the love of your intelligencer: I wish I of Beamn; fdr there is nothing done in this country or elsewhere but had sue' a messenget he costs you nothing, and you are truly in. what he insltrntly knows, when he sets his heart on it, even when it 38zi CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. is the least suspected. Thus it was respecting the intelligence he I Languedoc, with full powers over all the troops in that district, and told us of our good knights arid squires, who had fallen in Portugal. to free the country from these pillagers and robbers. Having sent The reputation and belief of his possessing this knowledge is of great letters to sir Roger d'Espaign and sir Hugh de Froideville, and other service to him, for there would not be lost a gold or silver spoon, or leaders, they came to serve under him with all their men. Sir Roger anything of less value, in this country, without his instantly knowing brought sixty lances and one hundred men with shields; and the of it." I then took my leave of the squire, and joined other com- sdneschal of Rouergue, with sir Hugh de Froideville, joined him pany, with whom I chatted and amused myself. However, I kept with as many, if not more. When they were all assembled, they in my memory every particular of the tale he had told me, as is now amounted to four hundred spears, and upward of one thousand armed apparent. I will leave for a while the affairs of Spain and Portugal, with shields, including lusty varlets. The son of the lord d'Esterach and speak of those of Brittany, Languedoc, and France. was there, with a handsome company; and also the lord de Barba. san, sir Benedict de Faignolles, and sir William Conderom, a Breton,. with his rout. They marched from Toulouse straight to St. Forget, C H A T ~E R x I x. where they halted. It was then commanded by a Bdarnois, called C HAP T ER X IX. le bourg de Taillesac, a grand marauder. When these lords had SIEGE IS LAID TO BREST. ST. FORG(ET AND SEVERAL OTttER ENGLISH drawn up their troops, the attack commenced, and the cross-bowmen GARRISONS IN TIE ENVIRONS OF TOULOUSE ARE RECOVERED BY THE shot so briskly, scarcely any of the garrison dared to show themselves FRENCH. in its defence for fear of the arrows; but the French did not gain it DuRING the time these matters were passing in Castille and in at this first assault. In the evening they retired to repose and refresh distant countries, sir Oliver de Clisson, constable of France, ordered themselves, as they had brought plenty of everything with them. a blockhouse to be built before the castle of Brest in Brittany, which On the morrow, the trumpets sounded for a renewal of the attack, the English held, and had done so for a considerable time, and would when the lords, with their men, gallantly marched to the foot of the not quit it, neither for the king of France nor for the duke of Brit. ditches. Whoever had seen them thus advancing, their heads covtany, to whom it belonged. The dukes of Berry and Burgundy, and ered with shields, with their lances measuring the depth of the water the king's council, had frequently written on this subject to the duke in the ditches, would have had much pleasure. When the first of Brittany; for at that time, as you Iknow, the young Iking of France ranks had passed through, the others did not delay following, or they was under the government of his uncles. They had entreated the would have been greatly blamed for remaining behind. This second duke of Brittany to exert himself to conquer the castle of Brest, party carried pick-axes and iron crows to batter the walls; and, in which being held by the English was much to his discredit. The so doing, they fastened their shields on their heads, to ward off the duke, in compliance with their entreaties, as well as knowing hlim- stones and other things that were thrown at them from the battle.self to be the lord of Brest, had once besieged it, but had not pushed merits: but they suffered little from this, as the cross.bows posted it forward: when he marched away, he said nothing could be done: on the banks, by their alertness in shooting prevented many from at which several knights and squires of Brittany murmured behind appearing. They shot so well, as hardly ever to miss what they his back, saying that he feigned and dissembled, as those who held aimed at; and several on the walls were mortally struck on their it were his great friends, and that he would not on any account wish heads by the small bolts, which caused many in the garrison to it even in his own possession, nor in that of the king of France; for, dread their blows. The attack was so long and successfully contin. if the French had it, he would not be the master, but be much weak- ed that a large breach was made in the wall. This'alarmed those ened by it; and, as long as the English held it, the French would within, who offered to surrender on having their lives spared; but not dare to anger him. they were not listened to, and fell into such good hands that every The constable of France, having considered the whole business, one was put to death, for sir Walter had ordered no quarter to be thought that, if the duke of Brittany were indifferent as to the recov- given. Thus did the barons and knights of France regain the casering the town and castle of Brest from the hands of the enemies of tle of St. Forget, which sir Walter gave up to its proper owner, who France, it would be dishonorable to him and to the nobles of Brit- had lost it last year from neglect of well guarding it, as several tany. He therefore ordered it to be besieged, and sent thither great other castles in France had been formerly lost in like manner. When numbers of knights and squires, under the command of the lord de the knight was repossessed of his castle, he had it repaired where Malestroit, the viscount de la Bellicre, Morfonace, and the lord do wanted; for the French had done much damage by their attack. Rochedernrien. These four valiant men laid their siege as near to The French then marched to the castle of la Bassere, of which Brest as was possible, and erected a large and fair blockhouse of Ernauton de Batefol was captain. He had strongly fortified it, in wood, surrounding also the place with palisadoes and walls, so that expectation of the visit the French intended him. On their arrival, the garrison was shut up from all communication but by sea: on that they reconnoitred it on all sides, to see where they could better make side it was not possible for them to surround them. There were their attack, and with the least loss to their men: having carefully frequent skirmishes before Brest; for those companions who were examined it, they posted themselves opposite the weakest part. The fond of arms advanced gayly to the barriers, where they called out cross-bowmen were ordered to advance before those intended for the the garrison and fought with them until some were killed or wounded, assault, and they did their duty so well that few dared to appear on and then they retired: scarcely a day passed without some warlike the battlements. Ernauton de Batefol was at the gate where the deeds being done. e:sacladapasdwtotomwrikattack was the sharpest, performing such wonders in arms that the At this period there was in the Toulousain a valiant knight from French knights cried out, " Here is a squire of great valor, who beFrance, called sir Walter de Passac: hlie was an expert captain and comes his arms well, and makes excellent use of them; it would not excellenit man-at-arms, and born in Berry, on the borders of Limou- be amiss to treat with him to surrender the castle, and seek his forsin. Before his arrival, sir Hugh de Froideville, sdneschal of Tou- tune elsewhere: let him be informed, that if sir Waiter de Passac louse, and sir Roger d'Espaign, s(neschal of Carcassonne, had written conquer it by storm, no power on earth can save him; for he has to the king and council of the state of Toulouse and Rabastens;' sworn to put to death, or have hanged, all whom he may find in that several gallant companions from the garrisons of Lourde and any castle or fort." The s'neschal de Toulouse then charged a chatel Caillet had made war successfully for the English; and hay- squire from Gascony, named William Aliedel, who was well acing possession of Saint Forget, la Basseret le Mesnil, Pomperon, quainted with Ernauton, they having formerly borne arms together, Convalle, Rochefort, Jullians,t Navar6t, and some other forts, they to talk with him on the subject. He willingly undertook it; for he had surrounded the good ciiy of Toulouse, st that the inhabitants would have beeo very sorry if Ernauton had suffered loss of honor could not quit it, nor the filrmers labor their vineyards or gardens or death, as other things could be remedied. but with great risk, for there was neither truce nor any composition William stepped forward, and made signs to Ernauton that he entered into between them. They were commanded by an able wanted tospeak to him on what nearly concerned him, to which his man from Biscay, called Espaignolet, who performed wonders and friend assented; and the assault was at that place discontinued, though took by secalado the castle of Ermaille, while its master, sir Raymond, not elsewhere. "Ernauton," said William, "you are rislking too was absent at Toulouse, and kept possession for upward of one year. much: our leaders have compassion on you, and send me to tell During this time, he dug a mine that, after passing under the apart- you, that shoul I you be talken, sir Walter de Passac has strictly orments, opened to the fields, which, when finished, was so well coy. dered you to bs instantly put to death, as he has done to those who ered, that no one would imagine there was a subterraneous passage were in St. Foirget. It is, therefore, much better for you to surrenunder the castle. When about this, the lord of Ermaille was treta der the place, Is I would advise, than to wait the event; for I can ing with Espaignolet respecting the sum for which he would surrender assure you, wc shall not depart before we be masters of it." "I to him his castle; and, on the mine being completed, he yielded the know very well," replied Ernauton, " that, althoughl you now beal castle to sir Raymond for two thousand francs, who, having again arms against me, you would never advise anything disgraceful to my possession, had it repaired and strengthened. Not fifteen days passed honor; but if I do surrender, all who are with me must be saved bel'ore Espaignolet advanmced with his men to the mouth of this mine, likewise; and we mu t carry away with us as much as we can, ex. which they entered about midnight, gained the castle, and took the cepting the provisions, and be conducted in safety to the castle of knighlt in his bed, whom he again ransomed for two thousand francs, Lourde." "I am not commissioned," answered William, "to go so and then allowed him to depart: but Espaignolet kept possession of far, but I will cheerfully mention it to my commanders." On this, the castle, which he strongly garrisoned, and much harassed the he returned to the s~neshal of Toulouse, and related what you have country from thence with others of his companions. heard. Sir Hugh de Froideville said, "Let us go and speak with For these and such like causes was sir Walter de Passac sent into sir Walter; for I know not what his intentions may be, although I Rlmsteas "-ao towns of Upper Languedoc, nine leagues from Toullausei. have advanced so far in the treaty; but I fancy we shall make him 1" La Bassere -.a village near Trbesillage near Tarb agree to it." CHRON1C L ES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 38 When they came to sir Walter, they found him engageed in as- become of us; for there is not one man in the army that is acquainted saulting another part of the castle; the s6neschal addressed him, with this mine." His proposal was agreed to: and that same "Sir Walter, I have opened a treaty with the captain of the castle, night, having packed up their all, they entered the subterranean who is willing to surrender the place as it is, on condition that him- passage with lighted torches, and issued out in a wood half a league self and garrison be spared and escorted to Lourde, and that they firom the castle. There were those with them able to conduct them carry away everything but the provision: now, what do you say to through by-roads to other fortresses in Limousin and Rouergt!e. this? We should lose more, if any of our knights or squires were Some, however, the moment they were out of danger, departed difkilled by arrows or stones: and you would have more sorrow than ferent ways, saying, they would not carry on the war longer. Anprofit, even should you win it and put all to death; but that is not gerot, with four others, went to a castle in Perigord, called Munt yet done; it will cost us many lives; for it will not be so easily con. Royal, where the lord of it received them hlandsomely; for he and quered as St. Forget." "That is true," added the seneschal of his dependents were entirely English, and would never turn French Carcassonne, who was present: "it is impossible but in such attacks when others did so, and many were of his way of thinking. Thus there must be many killed and wounded." Sir Walter de Passac did the garrison of Pulpiron escape' not leaving a single varlet be. then said, "I am willing to consent: ordeir the attacks to cease. hind; and, before it was known to the army, they had arrived at the We ha'e still farther to march; and, by little and little, we shall gain different places whither they intended going. all these castles from the pillagers; if they escape from us cheaply On the third day after the garrison were gone away, the command. at this moment, they will fall into our hands again some time hence, ers of the army ordered an assault. They had made a large machine, when they shall pay for all. Ill deeds bring the doers to an ill end. four stories high, and each story would hold twenty cross-bows. I have hanged and drowned in my time more than five hundred such When this machine was conmlpleted, which they called a Passavant, scoundrels, and these will at last come to the same fate." it was moved to what they thought the weakest place of the walls, William Aliedel and others then returned to the gate, where Er- and Genoese cross-bowmen were posted in it. The cross-bows nauton was waiting for them, to conclude the treaty. "By my began shooting, but as no one appeared on the battlements, they troth, Ernauton," said William, "you and your companions ought imagined the castle was empty, and ceased to shoot, for they were to give many thanks to God and to sir IHugh de Froideville, for he unwilling to lose their bolts and arrows. They left the machine, and has obtained for you your own terms of surrender. You and your surprised their captains by their sudden return. They said: " My garrison may depart hence, taking with you all you are able to carry, I lords, the garrison have certainly quitted the castle; for there is not and will be escorted to Lourde." "I am satisfied," replied Er- I a nman within it." " How can you know this?" replied sir Walter. nauton, "since it cannot be otherwise; but know, William, I am "We know, that notwithstanding our shooting, not one showed himvery sorry to quit my castle, which has been of infinite service to self." Ladders were upon this ordered to be affixed to the walls, and me since my capture at the bridge of Tournay, below Mauvoisin, lusty varlets, proper for the business, to ascend them. They mounted by the bourg d'Espaign, who made me pay two thousand francs for without opposition, for the castle was empty; and having passed the my ransom; indeed, to say the truth, I have more than repaid my- walls and ascended into the court, they found near the gate a large self the loss since I have been here. I have been so long in this bunch of keys, among which was that of the gate. They, with part of the country that I like it well; and whenever I wished to some difficulty, opened it and the barriers. make an excursion, I always was fortunate in meeting with prey, The lords were much surprised; but more especially sir Walter de that fell into my hands, from some merchant from Rabastens, Tou- Passac, who thought it roust have been by enchantment they had been louse, or Rodais." "Ernauton," answered William, "I readily able thus to escape, and asked his knights how it could have been believe you; but if you will turn to the French, I will obtain your done. The s~neschal of Toulouse replied: "That if they were pardon, and put a thousand francs into your purse besides: and will gone, it must have been through some subterraneous passage." The pledge my honor that you be steady to the French interest, when castle was searched, and this passage discovered in the cellars, with once you have sworn so to do." "Many thanks," said Ernauton; the door wide open. The lords would examine it; and sir Walter " but I like not your party, and will remain firm to the English; for, said to the s6neschal of Toulouse: " Did not you know of this pas-. as God may help me, I do not think I can ever be a good French- sage, sir Hugh?" "By my faith," he replied, "I certainly have man. Return now to your army, and say that we shall employ this heard that such a thing was in this castle; but I forgot it, and never day in packing up; but we will surrender the plate to-morrow and imagined they would have made use of it." "But in God's name depart: you will therefore order an escort to conduct us to Lourde." they have done so," answered sir Walter, "as is very clear. Have The attacks on la Bassere had ceased, and the French retired to all the castles in this country similar mines and passages?" " Sir)," their quarters, where they refreshed themselves at their ease, for they said sir Hugh, "there are many castles which have been built in the had wherewithal so to do. On the morrow, by eight o'clock, the same manner, particularly all those that belonged to Reginald d-e army was drawn out, and those who were to escort the garrison Montauban; for when he waged war against king Chalrlemagne of; selected. Sir Walter then sent the s6neschal of Toulouse to take France, he had them so well built, by the advice of Maugis his cousin,, possession of the castle, where he found Ernauton with his com- that when the king was besieging them with his whole power, and Tpanions and their baggage packed, and all ready to set out. He resistance would have been vain, they made use of their tunnels, and ordered a knight of Lourde, called Sir Mouvant de Salenges, to es- departed without taking leave." " By my troth," said sir Walter, cort them, which he undertook to do safely; and I believe kept his "I admire the thought. I know not if any king, duke, or neighbor word. This castle was given to Bertrand de Montesquieu, a squire I have, will make war upon me; but on my return home I will have of that country to guard, as well as the territory adjacent. The instantly built, at my castle of Passac, just such a passage." Here army then marched away, and came before a castle called Pulpiron; ended this conversation. They took possession of the castle, and,, it was in the possession of marauders, under the command of Ange- having placed a good garrison therein to guard it, they began their rot and le petit Meschin, who had done much damage to the country march toward the town and castle of Convalle,* in which were, round about. Espaignolet de Papercau, a Biscayan, and a number of pillagers. Sir Walter de Passac had sworn by the soul of his father, that in return for the mischief they had done, he would never grant them mercy, but hang them the moment he could lay hands on them. CIIAPTER XX. The army laid siege to this castle, which is seated on a rock, whence the view is extensive and pleasant. On forming the siege, sir Wal- THE CASTLE OF CONVALE IS STORMED BY TIE RENCH. SOME OTEr: ter again swore he would never depart until he had gained it, and FORTRESSES TURN TO THE FRENci INTEREST. taken all within, who should not be allowed to surrender and go SIR Walter de Passac, with his army, came beifore Convalle, and. away, if they even wished it. Many attacks were made: but the surrounded it on all sides. Having called to him the seneschal of French failed in all, as it was ably defended. "I know not," said Toulouse, he said: "Was this one of sir Reginald de Montauban's sir Walter, "how things may turn out; the king of France is rich castles?" He answered, that it was. "Then it has a subterraneous. enough to keep up the siege, and if I remain here a whole year, I will passage like his others." "Ay, in God's name truly there is one; not leave it until I be the master." What he had said was attended for by means of this passage did Espaignolet take the castle a second to, and all things necessary for a long siege were done. time and the lord within it." "Order the knight to whom it belongs, The two captains in the castle, seeing the French were determined and who is with us, to come hither; for it will be proper," added sil not to depart without having gained it, cost what it would, began to Walter, "that we first get information from him." On sir Raymond feel alarmed, and thought it advisable to leave it, whether their ene- de Convalle appearing, he was asked concerning the strength'of the mios would or not. They could easily do so at their pleasure, for there place, and if there were a subterraneous passage like that of la 13as was a subterraneous passage, that had an outlet half a league from sere. He replied, that it was by such means he had been captured the castle, of which the French had not any suspicion. When An- that he had long ago stopped it up as useless; "but these robberi gerot noticed how the besiegers had posted themselves, and seemed who keep possession of my castle have repaired it, and entered the resolved to have them by famine or otherwise, he said to his com- castle through it." "And do you know its issue 7" "Yes, my lord. aanions, "Gentlemen, I find the lord de Passac hates us mortally, it opens into a wood not far hence." "It is well, by God," said sit and that by a blockade he will starve us. He may easily do it, if he Walter, and was then silent. At the end of four days, sir Waelt erect a small fort and garrison it with only one hundred lances; for was conducted by sir Raymond to the opening of the mine in the we shall then be prevented quitting the castle. I therefore propose, wood, accompanied by two hundred of the country peasant0. ~eJl that we this night pack up all we can carry, and sally through the __ mine, which is wide enough and opens into a small wood hard by. * This place is called before "Ermaille." Sala calls it' Crimaille.* —.4!'krg/ma{. We shall thus be out of all danger before any one knows what is note. t). SAUV,,. 386, CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. armed. When arrived at the entrance, he had all the earth and de Brunemote, of great skill and valor. He had quitted la Bassere in thorns cleared away from before it, and a number of torches lighted, the manner before mentioned; and at last, finding they could not and said to those with him: "Enter this passage, which will lead take it by storm, they consented to a capitulation, agreeing to spare you to the hall of the castle: when you come to the door, break it the lives of the garrison and to conduct them to Lourde. A squire, open, for you are sufficiently strong to do it, and to combat all you called Bertrand de Montdighen, escorted them thither. - When the shall find in the castle." They replied, they would cheerfully obey. French had possession of the castle of Jullians, they debated whether Having entered the passage, they came to the steps that lead to the to keep or to raze it; at last they determined to demolish it on ac. door of the hall, and began to make use of their axes and hammers cent of its vicinity to Lourde, for that garrison, the men being traiin battering the door. As it was about night-fall, the garrison kept tors, might, after they had left it, regain possession by stratagem o! a good watch, and heard them working in the mine to enter the cas- open force. It was thereforerazed; and the stones to this day remain tie. They instantly informed Espaignolet of it; he was going to bed, in heaps, without the expectation of its being rebuilt. but he advised them to place benches, stones, and other things in the The army then came before Nazareth, astrong place, of which doorway, to embarrass it so much that they might not enter. This some adventurous companions had kept possession for more than a was instantly done, and no better defence could have been made; year. When they heard that those of Jullians had retreated, they also for although their opponents had cut the door into a thousand pieces, withdrew, having obtained a passport, and went to Lourde, where they found their difficulties so increase upon them, they gave it up, they knew they would not seek them, unless they wished to lose and returned about midnight to tell their lords, how the garrison, their labor, for Lourde is so strong it is impossible to be conquered. having heard them, had blocked up the passage, making it impossi. The French, finding Nazareth empty, razed it to the ground, to the ble to gain entry by that way. Upon this the passavant was ordered great joy of the inhabitants of Tarbes, as they had received many from la Bassere, which being taken to pieces, was brought on carts injuries from it. They then marched to the castle of Auch, in Bi. to Convalle, and remounted on its wheels, fit for immediate service. gorre, situated among the mountains on the borders of Bdarn. They When all was ready, sir Walter de Passac, impatient to win this remained there about fifteen days, but only conquered the lower castle, ordered his trmnpets to sound, and the host to arm and ad- court with all the horses within it, though very many attacks were vance in proper array. The seneschal of Toulouse was on one side, made: the great tower, being seated on a high rock, they could not with all his seneschalship; on the opposite sir Roger d'Espaign, in win, for it is impregnable. The lords seeing they were laboring in like manner, with his men firom Carcassonne; there were the lord vain, and that William Morenton, the captain, would neither surde Barbazan, sir Benedict de Faignolles, the lord de Benoch, the son render nor listen to any treaty whatever, marched away, and returned of the count d'Estarac, sir Raymond de lIsle, and the knights and to Tarbes. Sir Waiter de Passac then disbanded his army, with squires of the country, each with his company, drawn up. in good liberty for them to return to their homes. Those who had served in array. The attack and defence now seriously commenced: the gar- this army received their pay in money or in promissory notes, at rison defended themselves valiantly; indeed it behooved them so to their option: he himself retired to recruit himself at Carcassonne, do, for they found themselves hard pressed; and knowing that sir and in that neighborhood. Walter would show them no mercy, if' taken, were resolved to sell During his residence at Carcassonne, he received orders from the their lives as dearly as possible. The Genoese cross-bows behaved iding of France to go to Bouteville in Saintonge, on the borders of well, and shot so truly with their bolts, that the boldest was afraid of Poitou and the Bordelois, which was under the command of a Gas. them; for whomsoever they struck on the head, it was over with con called Sainte-Foy, as it had been reported that sir John Harpehim. dane, s6neschal of Bordeaux, was collecting a large force at Libourne Sir Walter de Passac was in the front acting wonders in arms, on the Dordogne, to march thither and attack such forts as the Poiti-::and crying out: "How, my lords! shall such a stinking crew keep vins and saintongers had raised before it. Sir Walter, as was natural, tas here all the day? If they were good men-at-arms, I should not obeyed the king's orders, and took with him sixty lances and one wonder; for in them is much more vigor than in such fellows as we hundred Genoese cross-bows. On leaving Carcassonne, he marched:are attacking; it is my intention to dine in the castle, and it will through Rouergue and Agen, skirted Perigord, and anived at Boute-,depend on you that I accomplish my purpose." Those who were ville, where he found the s6neschals of la Rochelle, Poitou, Perigord,:desirous to obtain his favor advanced eagerly to the attack, and fixed and Agen, with numbers of nmen-at-arms..several ladders to the walls, near where the large machine was placed, which they mounted under protection of the cross-bows, who pre-.vented the garrison from showing themselves. The French thus CHAPTER XXI. entered the castle of Convalle sword in hand; they pursued their,enemies, killing great numbers, and the remainder they made pris- *THE TIMER OF FROISSART. S GSCOS oners. Sir Walter, having entered by the gates, was asked what he would have done with the prisoners. "By St. George, I will they ForEIGN countries may well wonder at the noble realm of France, be all hanged." His orders were instantly obeyed, and Espaignolet how finely it is situated, and what numbers of cities, towns, and' suffered the first. The lords dined in the castle, and the men-at-arms castles it possesses, as well in the distant parts as in the heart of the in the town, where they remained the whole day. Sir Waiter gave country. There are, in travelling from Toulouse to Bordeaux, the:to the lord de Convalle his town and castle, and then made prepara- underneath rich towns, situated on the Garonne, called Gironde at.tions to continue his march. Bordeaux: Grenade, Verdun, St. Nicholas, Auvillas, Valence, Leirac, After the conquest of Conval'e, the army marched for a fort, called Agen, Porte St. Maria, Aguillon, Tonneins, Marmande, St. Basile, Mastulle, which, with the others, had done much mischief to the la Re'ole, St. Macaire, Langon, Cadillac, Rions, Castres. Then ascountry. On their arrival, they began an attack, which was bravely cending the Dordogne, which falls into the Garonne, are the follow.resisted at first; but it lasted not long, for the place was taken by ing castles: St. Andr6, Libourne, Castillon, St. Foy, Bergerac, la.storm, and all within slain or hanged. When those of Roix, Roche- Linde, Limeul, St. Cyprian, Dommes, Soulliac. Some of these being,fort, and other castles in possession of these pillagers, heard that sir English and others French, carried on a war against each other: Walter de Passac was on his march, and that, whatever places he they would have it so; for the Gascons were never, for thirty years;took, he had hanged the garrisons, they were doubtful whether they running, steadily attached to any one lord. True it is, that the whole ~might not come to the same end, and in' consequence, left their forts of Gascony submitted to king Edward and to his son the prince of,in the night time, by subterranean passages or otherwise; for Roix Wales, but the country afterwards, as has been clearly shown in this and Rochefort have mines, having formerly belonged to sir Reginald history, revolted from those English masters. King Charles, son to de Montauban, so that when the French arrived they found them king John of France, gained by his wisdom, prudence, ~kind treat. both empty. Having taken possession, they re-garrisoned and re- ment, and great gifts, the affections of their principal barons, such victualled them, and then marched toward Toulouse to enter Bigorre, as the count d'Armagnac, the lord d'Albreth, and others, whom the for. there were in that country two castles on the borders of Tarbes, prince of Wales lost through his pride. called Jullians and Nazareth,* held by these marauders, who much I, the author of this history, was at Bordeaux when thte prince ot harassed Tarbes and its neighborhood, as well as the territory of the Wales marched to Spain, and witnessed the great haughtiness of the lord d'Anchin. English, who are affable to no other nation than their own; nor could Sir Walter de Passac and his army, having refreshed themselves in any of the gentlemen of Gascony or Aquitaine, though they had Toulouse, took the road toward Bigorre, and seated themselves be- ruined themselves by their wars, obtain office or appointment in their:fore Jullians, saying they would never depart until they had delivered own country; for the English said they were neither on a level with tlhe country from its oppressors. Sir Walter was joined by the them nor worthy of their society, which made the Gascons very in.,s6naschal of Donnezan,t who represented the count de Foix, accord- dignant, as they showed on the first opportunity that presented itself ing so the summons of sir Waiter to come to his aid in driving the It was on account of the harshness of the prince's manners that the pillagers out of the country; for they made, when opportunity offered, count d'Armagnac and the lord d'Albreth, with other knights and as free with the country of Donnezan as they did elsewere. It was squires, turned to the French interest. King Philip of France, and for th's reason the sgneschal had come, and with the approbation of the good John his son, had lost Gascony by their overbearing pride; the co tnt, otherwise he would not have dared to have done it. and in like manner did the prince. But king Charles, of happy They were fifteen days before they could gain the castle of Jul. memory, regained them by good humor, liberality, and humility. In lians, for it was strong, and the captain a Gascon squire, called Bruyer this manner the Gascons love to be governed. King Charles, the more firmly to strengthen the connection, married his sistel, the lady ~ "Nazareth "-a small town in the Condomis, diocese of Condom. Isabella do Bourbon, to the lord d'Albreth; by whom he had two?" Donnezan " —a small country ma the government of Foix. contiguous to Catalo- Inelchiden, wi cue lovt durethe longer. aia. aboutthree miles square. Quedigut is the chief place. fine children, which causes love to endure the longer. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN. &c. 387 True it is, that when I lived among these lords at Paris, I once Genoese are the most adventurous navigators, and are much superior htard the lord d'Albreth use an expression that I noted down. I to the Venetians as lords of the sea, being more feared by the Sarabelieve it may have been said in joke: however, it contained, in my cens than any others, and are excellent and determined seamen, and opinion, much truth and good sense. A knight from Brittany, who one Genoese galley would attack and probably conquer four galleys had borne arms for him, inquired after his health, and how he man- of the Saracens. aged to remain steady to the French: when he thus answered; If the Turks and Tartars have frequently hurt Christendom, the "Thank God, my health is very good; but I had more money at Genoese felt it not; for, being masters of the sea, they could attack command, as well as my people, when I made war for the king of the infidels, and had always fifty galleys and large ships guarding the England, than I have now; for, whenever we took any excursions islands of Rhodes, Cyprus, and Candia, and the shores of Greece, as In search of adventures, we never failed meeting some rich merchants far as Turkey, where they possess the handsome town and castle of Pera, situated on the sea-shore opposite to Constantinople, which is garrisoned at their expense, and supplied with provis-~.~ _..x~-..~.-~ ~ 4....ion and stores three or four times a year. \\\" —\R fiB ~$ The Turks and Tartars have often at. tempted to win it, hut have always failed, and have lost more than they have gain. ed; for Pera is seated on a rock, with only one entrance, and this the Genoese have well fortified. The Genoese have also Jaffa, which is a strong place, pro-'i ~fitable both to them and to all Christen. ______ \ t dom; for did they not possess Jaffa, and Rhodes, the infidels would invade Naples, and attack Gaietta and Rome: but the strong garrisons of men-at-arms in these two places and their galleys on the sea, hold them in check. ~'he~, kniht on healing ~1 ~'~~ [{lt~Vt[//l~0 ~'iThese reasons prevented the infidels emaking any excursions, except firom " On harin thiIoncConstantinople, toward Hungary; but if that noble king of Cyprus, Peter de Lusignan, had longer lived, he would have found the Sultans and Turks more employment than they had met with since the days of Godfrey of Boulogne. Havgood Frenchman. He tdid go~ to Pali where the king conquered the cities of Alexandria r-v him; but- he —:-~ and Satalia, the infidels, knowing his slun awayn, — from the prowess and enterprise, and fearful of further losses from him, bargained with EN LISH AND GAscoLORs Lo AT BOReAUX. —From an old Black Letter History of Bertrand du Gueslin hi brother cet to have him put to death; who himself slew the gallant king in his bed.* It was an infamous act thus from Toulouse, Condom, la R6ole, or Bergerac, whom we squeezed, to assassinate the valiant king of Cyprus, whose thoughts were solely which made us gay and debonair; but now all that is at an end." occupied, day and night, on the means of conquering the holy land, The knight, on hearing this, burst into laughter and replied, "In and driving out of it the infidels. truth, that is the life Gascons love: they willingly hurt their neigh- Philip de Mesieresf being chancellor to the king of Cyprus, had bor." On hearing this, I concluded that the lord d'Albreth heartily engraven on a monument he erected to him,{ in the chapter-house of repented his having turned to the French, in the same manner as the the Celestins at Paris, as follows: "Peter of Lusignan, fifteenth Latin lord de Mucident, who, when made prisoner at Yurac, swore to the king of Jerusalem, since Godfrey of Boulogne, and king of Cyprus, duke of Anjou, he would set out for Paris and become ever after a by his magnanimous prowess and enterprise, whonquered in battle, good Frenchman. He did go to Paris, where the king handsomely with an army supported at his own cost, the cities of Alexandria in received him; but he was not treated to his satisfaction, so that he Egypt, Tripoli in Syria, Layas in Armenia, Satalia in Turkey, with slunk away from the king, and left Paris without taking leave, to re- several other cities and towns, fiom the enemies of the faith of Jesus turn to his own country, where he again became an Englishman, and CHRIsT. broke all his engagements with the duke of Anjou. The lords de "Anima ejus requiescat in pace." Rosem, de Duras, and de Langurant, did the same. SuharKheGsou:thyar ey nted, u he ov h When the Genoese, who were rnuch attached to him, and with Such are the Gascons: they are very unsteady, but they love the reason, heard of his melancholy end, they armed seven galleys, and English in preference to the French, for the war against France is Ztan.most pohtabi and this is the cause of their preference. sent them to Famagousta, which they took by storm and Jacquet in the d emosth payrofitable;and tho the ca rhe r I d their preference. it. They overran the greater part of the island, and would have destroyed the whole had they not feared the consequences; but, the towns being strong and on the frontiers of Turkey, they left them in C H A P T E R X X I I. the hands of the natives. They kept possession of Famagousta, THE ARRIVAL OF LEON, KING OF ARMENIA, IN FRANCE; ON WHICH OCCA- where they amassed great wealth from its plunder, which they car. SION FROISSART DESCRIBES THE STATE OF GENOA IN HIS TIME, AND ried to Genoa, and also Jacquet, who had murdered his brother, that RELATES THE DEATH OF THE KING OF CYPRUS. that the state might determine on his destiny. The late king of Cy prus had a son, whose marriage the Genoese procured, after which AaouT this period Lgon, king of Armenia,? arrived in France; not they crowned him kin. Jacquet, though suffered to live, was indeed with a king-like state, but as one driven from his throne and closely confined ih prison. They did not yild up Famgousta; but kingdom, which had all been conquered from him by ther Thlks, ex sleI am ignorant if they have it at this day. The king of Cyprus died Cept al castle, situated on the sea-shore, called Courthe t This castlei in his boed, aand without heirs, to t;hne great grief of the Genoese, I is the key or entrance into Alexandria and the territories of the ul-at grief of the Genoese. I tan. The Genoese carry their commerce everywhere, by means of * He was assassinated by two lords of his country whom i had offended. Peter tarthe duties they pay, even to the farther India, and the realm of Pres- nished, by his debaucheries and cruelty, the last years of his life,'and even the glory be ter John':t they are universally well received on account of the gold, tead sscquied by his former expleits.-.drt de Ve mifier n los Dates. 1' For fiurther particulars respecting Philip de Mesieres, see a memoir on this subjeetby silver, and rich merchandise they bring from Alexandria, Cairo, Da- A. le IBuf, in the 17th vol. of lee MSamoires de t'Acadrnmie des Inscriptions, &c., and mascus, or from the Saracens. It is thus the world is supplied, for what aso the first vol. pp. 480, 461, ofles Antiquitds de Paris, par M. Sauval. is not in one country is in another: but all this is well known. The d i. e. The king of Cyprus. In the original it stands, first ecrite du dit Roy de Cipre sur sa tombe qui est au chapitre des Celestins, &c. ~ In tom. vii. p. 494, of the Fmdra, we find tichard II. had settled a pension of 10001. Peter I. oir Petrin, ascended the throne in 1372, when twelve years of age, under the rearly on Lton, the Christian king of Armenia, who had been driven from his kingdom regency of his uncles James and John, to tise exclusion of his mother. The day of his by thie Tnrks. In former reigns, there hasd been frequent collections made in Engihmd, coronation, there arose a dispuste between the bailiffs of Venice and the consuls of ~eowell as elsewhere, for supporting those Christian kings against the TnIrkish power, ona for precedency; and, thle court having declared in favor of the Venetians, the which, however, at lensgth swallowed them up. —AsN)iRsoN's Hist. of Comrnerce, &;c. Genoese revenged themselves for this affront, in 1373, by conquering the whole island. vol. i. p. 213. The Grandes Chroniques de France place the arrival of the king of Ar- Only two places masde any resistance, Fsamagousta and Chdrines. The irst surrendered menia in 1835. the 10th October, and was pillaged during three slays; the second submitted about the " Whatever may be the namne of this castle, and wherever situated, I have no middle of March ffIlowing. The king was made prisoner, but recovered his liberty bl doubt but those who are ascpuainted with the two Armenias, will.-think what our author the cession of Famagousta, and the promise of one million of ducats to tire Genoese. hereafter says very strange It is not for me to gainsay hisa: I am satisfied, if he be In the year 1376, at the solicitation of his mother, he caused his uncle John to be a,consistent with himself,' —Mnrginal note bye D. SAwvaG E sassinated in his presenre. to revenge the death of his fattier, in which this prinee had $ Tit Dalai Lamna was foermerly denominated Preeter John; and Thibet was the been a principal actor Peter stied on the 17th of October, 1182, aged twenty-six, withou* country of Preeter Johs, leaving any dhildrep by hie queen, Valentine, daughter ofBernabo Visconti 388 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c know not who now rCigns there; but the year I was in B6arn the the chain from doing all he could have done against the emperor of lord de Valenchin, a knight of that country, told me the Genoese had thle east."a great share in its government, being masters of Farnagousta, and "Does Amurat keep on foot a large army?" "Yes; he was noi that they had crowned Jacquet* king, in default of heirs. I know thirty years of age before he had an army of one hundred thousand not how the devil he escaped from prison, nor out of the hands of horse, which he always kept in the field, never quartering himself the Genoese in any large town: besides, he had ten thousand Turks to serve and defend his person. Wherever he marches, he carries his father with him." "How old is he?" "iHe is full sixty years old, and his father C H A P T BR x x I I I.is ninety. Amurat loves the French language, and those who coma from France: he says he would rather see the king of France and tPHE KIXN OF ARM~ENIA RELATES MANY STORIES OF THE TURKS AND his state than all the other potentates of the earth. He is greatly T'.RTARS. ~T~ARnTA~stS~ pleased when any one tallks to him on this subject, and in favor of TIE king of Armenia, on his first arrival in France, was well en- the lords of that country." " Why does Amurat remaiin on terms tertained by the king and his lords, as was proper, for he had come with the chamin, since he is so great a conqueror?" "Because the from a far country. They gained from him information respecting chain is afraid of him, and dares not make war: there are, also, cer. Greece and Constantinople; for he was well questioned concerning tain ports and towns in Tartary which pay Amurat heavy duties' the power of the Turks and Tartars, who had driven him out of his they are both of the same faith, and will not destroy their law. It kingdom. To their questions he answered, that the chain of Tartary has been a great matter of wonder to him that Christians should had always made war upon him, and had at last overpowered him. make war on each other; and he has frequently had an inclination "And this chain of Tartaiy, is he so powerful?" " That he is in- to enter Christendom and conquer all before him. It would have deed; for he has, with the assistance of the sultan, conquered the been to my advantage if he had conquered me, rather than the chars emperor of Constantinople." The lords then asked if Constantinople of Tartary." They asked the king of Armenia, why it would have were under the law of the Tartars. "Oh no," replied the king: been to his advantage, who replied: "Amurat is a man of noble "the chain and sultan having continued the war on Constantinople birth; and, were he thirty years younger, is formed to make cot for a long time, it was at length agreed (for otherwise the emperor quests wherever he should please to march his army. When he would not have had peace) that the emperor of Constantinople, who conquers any country or town, he only insists on the payment of a was son of Hugh de Lusignan anrid Mary of Bourbon, should give his tax, leaving every one to follow his own religion; and he has nevei son in marriage to the cham; but notwithstanding this union, he taken any man's inheritance from him, only requiring the supreme was to enjoy his laws and privileges.t He was then asked what the government of the country. It is for these reasons, I say, that if he count Verd de Savoye had done with his gallant company of knights, had conquered Armenia, instead of the Tartars, he would have left squires, and men-at-arms. He replied: "That when the count de me my kingdom and religion, and remained in peace, on my acknow Savoye had come to Hungary, he had carried his war as far as he ledging him as lord paramount, like other great barons on his froncould into Turkey, but had made no great progressintothe country; tiers, Greeks and Thracians, who thus acknowledge him, to free but by his prowess he had conquered the large town of Gallipoli themselves from all danger from the caliph of Babylon and the grand and Limonia:t in the last, he left a sufficiency of men to guard it, chain." " What are the names of these barons?" "I will tell you,' and, during the life of the king of Cyprus, lie had always lIept pos- answered the king: "first, there is the lord de Satalia, the lord de session of it. The moment the sultan and chain of Tartary heard la Palice, and the lord de Haute-loge: these lords and their terri. of the king's death, they were no longer aftraid of the emperor of tories, by means of the tax they pay to Amiurat, remain in peace, and Constantinople, but raised an army of one hundred thousand men, there is neither Turk nor Tartar that dares injure them."* They which they marched to Constantinople, and from thence laid siege then asked the king, if Armenia was so totally lost that there were to Gallipoli, took it by storm, and slew all the Christians within it. no means of recovering it. " Yes, indeed," he replied, " unless a They nmide so deadly a war on the emperor, that he would have lost force superior to the Turks and Tartars cross the mountains and everything, if it had not been for the attachment the son of the chain conquer Greece; for excepting the town of Courth, which is the had for his daughter, whom he afterwards married. This is a melan- entrance to my kingdom, and as yet remains to Christendom, the choly prospect for the time to come, for the officers of the chain are infidels have possession of all the rest: and, where the churches used already in Constantinople, and the Greeks only live there as it were to be, they have placed their idols and their mahomets." "And this by sufferance friom them; if therefore, the princes of the west do not town of Courth, is it strong? "Ay, in God's name is it," said the apply a speedy remedy, the Turks will conquer all Greece, and bend king of -Armenia: "it is not to be taken unless by treachery or a it to their faith and laws. They already boast that they will do so; very long siege; for it is situated in a dry spot on the sea-shore, and and only laugh at the two popes, one at Rome and the other at Avig- between two rocks that cannot be approached. Should the Turks non, saying, The two gods of Christendom are waging war against or Tartars gain it, and another good town not far distant, called each other, by which their government is weakened and easier to be Adelphe,t all Greece must inevitably be lost, and HIungary besides destroyed:' adding,' that those who ought to attend to this, act with in a short time afterwards." The king of Armenia was asked if such indifference as to leave it to its own ruin.'" Hungary were on the frontiers of the T'urks and Tartars. He said The kIing of Armenia was next asked if the sultan of Babylon and it was; but nearer to the Turks and the tenrritories of Amurat, than the chain of Tartary were the most powerful princes among the infi- to any other potentate. " It is very extraordinary," they replied, iels, known to the Greeks, on the other side of the mountains. "that Amurat, who is so valorous, and such a conqueror, should leave "By no means," he replied; "for the Turks have always been looked so near a neighbor in peace." "In God's name." answered the to as the most wise and potent in war, as long as they are under an king, "h lie has not for some time even pretenoeo to Keep peace wita able chief; and this they have had for these last hundred years: Hungary, but made such exertions, to the injury of that kingdom, although the chamin completely governs the emperor of' Constantino- that if an unfortunate accident had not befallen him, he would at this ple, the Turkish chief keeps him also under subjection. The name moment have been far advanced in that country." "And what was of their present leader is Ainurat, a prudent and able man both in that accident?" "I will tell you," replied the king. arms and council, of whom, to say the truth, I have not any cause of complaint, for he has never injured me, having carried his war against the king of Hungary." " This Amurat, of whom you speak, is ihe then of such consequence and powe.r, and so much renowned and CHAPER XXI feared?" "Yes," replied the king of Armenia; "and even more CONTINUATION OF THE INTELLIGENCE wHICH THE ICJNG OF ARMENIA REthan I say; for, if the emperor of Constantinople and the king of LATES TO THE BARONS OF FRANCE. Hungary are afraid of him, the caliph of Babylon and the chn f "WEN A rat saw that all the adjoinin princes feared him, ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~" WnEN Ainurat saw that all the adjoining princes feared him, Tartary equally dread him. It was supposed, iadeed I have heard Tartary equay dread him. It was supposed, ideed I have heard and that the shores of the sea as far as Hungary bounded his domin. it from the Tartars, that the chain would have been more hard on ion he determined, as the kingdom of Hungary had, by king Fred. ion, he determined, as the kingdom of Hungary had, by kring Fred. the emperor of Constantinople and that country, had he not been erick's death, devolved on the queen, to declare war and conquer at. afraid of Amurat. He is well acquainted with his jealous temper; He therefore issued a particular summons to his vassals throughout and that, the instant he finds any one more powerful than himself, Turke which being obeyed, he began his march and encmped in he never rests until he shall hsave lowered him, and brought him ywihbngoedebgahsmrcadecmpdn he- never rests untit he shall have lowered him, andi brought hillthe plains of Satalia, between la Palice and Hauteloge, to strike turader his subjection. It was the knowledge of this that preventedthplisoSaaabwenaPacendHulgetotrk ___der his subjection. It was the knowledge of this that prevented more fear into his enemies. It was his intention to enter the king. *.James I. constable of Cyprus, was a hostage at Genoa when his nephew Peter ti. died. dom of Hungary, notwithstanding it is a country inclosed with high He wassent homee at tie demand of iis countrymen, wiho crowned him king. He died rocks and mountains which make it so much the stronger. He sent in 1398, aged sixty-fliur. leaving children by Agnes ofBavanria, his queen, John, Ishis before him embassadors and heralds, with a mule laden with a grain luccessor to the throne of Cyprus; ttugh, crrtinral ar;:'libishop ofNicosia; Philip, called millet, telling them,'Go you into hungary, to the count do ltable of Cyrprus; Henry, prince of Galilee; Mary, married to Ladisians king of Naples; Isabella, married to Peter of Cyprus: Civa died unmarried, 1313. —Alrt. de Vdrifier les Dates. * Sanuvage, in a marginal note, says he would willingly tell where those territories are,' Froissart must have been misinformed; for I see by Anderson's Royal Genealogies, but he has not been able to find them out, and thirnkls there must have been some misthat John Paleologus must have been emperor of Constantinople at tlis time. He was takes in their names. routed byCantacuzenus, and restored by the Genoese, to whom he gave Leslios. tIe t "Adelphe." Q. If not meant for Deiphos. afterwards made peace with Cantacuzenus, maide him his colleague, and married his:t Denys Sauvage complains that he cnnmot understand this chapter, nor the aneounts daughter. He died 138t, having reigned forty-six years. from the Levant. There was not any king if Hungary it that period of the name of: Lbnonia is a smiall island in the Archipelago, near thoede, between that island and Frederick. Lewis the Great reigned in 1342, and his drUghmter Mary suceezdOd him [stasalia. I11i2. I find myselftherefore obliged, like Sauvage, to le ave it as I find it, CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, F.ANCE, SPAIN, &c. 3 Lazaran, whose territories lie among the mountains of Meleabre and Arrn.: —at was to pass, which he expected would have a great effect Rob6e, through which we mean our army to pass, and tell him we in c-.ecking the Turks on their march. The count, accompanied by order and command, if he wish for himself and country to remain at ten thousand Hungarians and as many cross-bows, intrenched him peace, that he come and render us obedience, as he knows the lords self and men on each side of a pass through which he knew Amurat de Satalia, de la Palice and de Haute-loge have done, and lay open must march. He had also with him two thousand peasants, armed his country for us to pass through. If he should refuse to obey and with axes and wedges, to fell the timber and block up the road on a appear rebellions, tell him from.us, that we will pour into his territo- signal given. When everything was prepared, the count said: ries, to destroy them, as many heads as you will show you *have'Without doubt Am'urat will come hither, for he has sent me word grains of millet in your bags.' The embassadors instantly departed he would do so; be therefore steady and valiant in defending this on rcceiving these instructions, and arrived in the territory of the pass, for, should it be won by the Turks, all Hungary is in danger count de Lazaran in Hungary: they found him at one of his castles of being conquered. We are strongly posted, and one man here is called Archiforme. He received the embassadors from Amurat equal to four. It will be more for our honor to perish in the field, kindly, and handsomely entertained them, but was much surprised defending the faith of JESUS CHRIST, than to live in bondage under when he saw the mule enter his court laden with he knew not what. these dogs of infidels, notwithstanding the. courage and ability of He at first imagined it might be gold or precious stones, which Amu- Amnurat.''Sir,' replied they unanimously,' we will with you abide rat had sent to seduce him to his party, and to bribe him to allow a the event: let the Turks come when they will, we are ready to repassage for his army through his country; but he had resolved; that ceive them.' The Turks were quite ignorant of all this; for the he would never submit to be corrupted by any presents whatever. count, fearful lest his plans should be discovered by Amurat's spies, " When the embassadors had their audience, they spoke as fol- and revealed to him, had posted some of his most confidential friends lows' Lord de Lazaran, we are sent hither by that high and mighty between him and the enemy, to prevent any communication what. prince, our redoubted sovereign, Amnurat, lord of Turkey and of all ever between the two armies. its dependencies: and we tell you from him, that he orders you to " Amurat was not forgetful of his menace, but declared he would place yourself under his obedience in the same form and manner as visit the territories of the count de Lazaran, in such a manner that he you know the lords de Satalia, de la Palice and de Haute-loge have should remember it; for he was unwilling to be thought a liar in done, and that you delay not coming to perform your homage to him, breaking his promise. Having selected sixty thousand men, for he in like manner as your neighbors have done. You will open your had two hundred thousand men in his camp, he gave the conmmand of country to his army, if you wish to have peace, and by so doing you them to four captains attached to his household and faith; their names will greatly enjoy his good favor: but, should you refuse and prove were, the duke Mansion of Mecca, the governor of Damietta, Alpha. rebellious, we are commanded to say, that our sovereign lord, Amiu- lory de Samarie, andthe prince de Corde, surnamed Brachin, to whom rat, will pour more heads into your country, to destroy it, than there he said, on their leaving him, "You will march these men, whom I put are grains of millet in this bag.' Having said this, he opened the under your command, a number sufficient to open a passage into bag to show him its contents. The lord de Lazaran was advised to Hungary, to the lands of the lord de Lazaran, which you will comreturn a temperate answer, and not discover his thoughts at once. pletely destroy by fire and sword. As soon as I shall be informed of He replied,' Tie up your bag; I see what is within it, and I have your arrival there, I will follow with the remainder of my army; for heard firom you what Amurat's intentions are: within three days I am resolved to have Hungary under my obedience, and afterwards you shall have an answer, for these demands require deliberation.' the empire of Germany. The wizards of my country, and the divi. They replied,' You say well;' and, in confidence of having an ners of Egypt, have pronounced that I am destined to be king of all answer, they tarried three days. I will now tell you what the count the world; but the place that I would most willingly visit is Rome; de Lazaran did during these three days: he got collected and brought for, in ancient times, it formed part of dur iniheritaince: and our pre. to his castle ten thousand head of poultry of all sorts, which he caused decessors have conquered and governed it several times. I will lead to be shut up without any food whatever. On the day appointed with me le Galifire de Baudas, the cham of Tartary, and the sultan of for the embassadors to receive their answer, he conducted them to a Babylon, who shall there crown me.' The captains, who were on gallery which overlooked a court, bidding them lean over the rail, their knees, replied, they would cheerfully obey his commands, and and, before he gave them his answer, he would show them some- then marched off with the sixty thousand men. Among them were thing new: they, not thinking what he was about, did as he ordered. twenty thousand of the most able and best armed men of the Turkish Two doors were instantly opened, when all his poultry who had army, who formed the van battalion. When they came to the moun. been starving for two days rushed out; and the millet bag being tains on the firontiers of Lazaran, the van, finding no oure to oppose opened, and its contents scattered about, the whole was devoured in them, entered them, under the command of the duke of Mecca, and less than half an hour, and more would have been eaten if they could the goveinor of Damietta, and passed the ambuscade of the count de have had it. The count de Lazaran then, turning toward the eum- Lazaran. Assoon as the count and the Hungarians saw they had en. bassadors, said:'My fair sirs, you have seen how the millet you trapped their foe, they began to work, by cutting down the forest trees have brought hither, from your master, with many menaces, has and laying them across the road, so that it was quite impossible for the been de,'ovecd by thiis poultry, who would have' destroyed more had Turks to retreat or advance, for the passage was entirely blocked up. they had:. V'' Yes,' replied they,'but wherefore do you mention "Thus were twenty thousand Turks inclosed, who were so vigor. it?''Because you have your answer in what you have witnessed ously attacked by the Hxngarians from each side of the forest, and and in the fact you have seen. Amurat threatens that, unless I with such good effect, that all were slain. Not one escaped death, not obey him, he will pour into my country men-at-arms without num. even the two commanders. Some attempted to fly, but were pursued her, to destroy it: tell him from me, I wait for him, and that with through the wood and killed. The rear division, unable to advance whatever force he come, he shall be destroyed in the same manner through the fallen forest, returned to Anmurat, and related the unfor-s the fowls have destroyed your millet.' The embassadors, on re- tunate event which had happened to his army. He was very pensive ceiving this answer, became quite pensive. They took leave of on hearing i.t, and summoned his council to consider what was to be the count, and travelled by short days' journeys, until they came to done, as he had lost the flower of his army." The king of Armenia, where Amnurat and his army lay. They related to him all that the having thus finished his history of the defeat of the Turks, resumed count ds Lazaran had done and said, and that he seemed to hold the account of his own melancholy situation, to the kiing of France his menaces very cheap. Amiurat was very wroth on hearing this and his uncles. They took compassion on him, because he had come answer, and swore that things should not remain as they were; but from such a distant part of the world as Greece to seek aid and comthat he would enter thle territories of the count whether he would or fort; and being a king driven out of his realm, without any means not, and lay waste all his lands, in revenge for his insolent answer. of keeping up his state, or even supporting himself, as his complaints " I will now tell you what the count de Lazarain did, since war evidently showed. The king of France, young as he was, said: had been denounced against him, which he knew- would be speedily "'VWe will, that the king of Armenia, who has come to us in hopes of followed otherwise than by words. I-He instantly. iade preparations assistance, have allowed him wherewithal to maintain his dignity, of stores and provision, and sent expresses to inform hlis knights suitable to his rank, as he is a king like ourself; and when we are and squires, and all those catpable of bearing arms, that Amurat was able, he shall have men-at-arms to aid him in the recovery of his about to invade Hungary, and to order them to guard valiantly all kingdom; for we have a very good inclination to do so, being bound the passes into the country, and join him as speedily as may be, for to support the Christian faith." there was no time for delay. Amurat remained with his army on The speech of the king was applauded by all. His uncles and the plains of Haute-loge. As it was to defenid Christendom, all the council were willing to fulfil these commands; and a proper allowknights to whom the count had written obeyed his orders and came ance was ordered to be paid to the king of Armenia monthly, from to him, as did many more, to whom he had not sent, but who had the chamber of accounts, to keep up his state. The sum allowed heard it accidentally, to support the faith and destroy the infidels, was six thousand francs yearly; and he had five thousand presented The count had the forests cut down and thrown across the roads him, to provide himself with plate and other smaller necessaries. Sasuvagre says in a note, " Acscording to PaulJovius andt fatther Anmthonmy Geofmmi, The palace of St. Ouen, near St. Demis, was likewise givenil to him him pmoper maame was Lazarus, despot or lord of Servias, formaerly called by the Romarns for his residence. Such assistance (lid time kinz of Armmtenmim receive on cIlssia Inferior." i his first arrival in France, which was constantly increasing. He was Thisi protabty is the personl catted by~ Fmei art tte lord tie Lazaran. iat times much with the kiing, particularly at all the granui fes'tivals.* "Servim made formerly part of Msesia, Illyria and Pannonia. At the fall oftme Re- {:nan emrmpie, it belonge~l to tmie Semvians, wsimo hmlll comme thither fronm Sarmostia in Asia. i it imitd nftesrwm rds its omvn despotis, some of' wlsomn dtependmed on the kings of It'Ingary. * Sauval, in his Antiqtuities cfParis, colpies Fmssissamt in the accoulllllI cftie recep lion ~ The last tmod the misfi'rmune to ibe captured in battle, anmd his army cut to pieces by time king of Armenia 113 the court of Chalries Vi.; but,dd5s, from.i';.ensm;l 1i1,s Ursilla,'mol,'t{ I. ia the 14th emmtmtry." tillattlis prinme was msmnot so wmretcl.ed ia. Iiis,'rtumm:e,,vmairg ssavedi 11tt11'y jexl cis.:,1t1 een Sg Somvie, mm time Rcyclopedie par ()rdre des Matidrms momeof'his treasure, when he test fromn tihe Tartars. ie wis a l rile s meg;~;dat,.I 39.0 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPA1N,.&c. independently of each other; for the lords, not being rntkd by the C H A P T E R X X V. clergy, would degenerate into beasts. I will say, that in my time I have for certain seen much of man DURING THESE WARS OF THE TURKS, DISSENSIONS CONTINUE BETWEENki say, that in my onaue certain seen mtla tan THE TWO POPES, URBAN VI. AND CLEMENT VII. FRIAR JOHN DE LA kind; whether for my own amusement, or in travelling to learn the ROCHE-TAILLARrD DELIVERS A GOOD ArOLOGUE, RESPE-CTmINGTHE PAPacY, ROCIIE-TAILLARO DELIVERS A GOOD AFOLOGUE, RESPECTING THE BPABcY, history of what passes in the world relative to deeds and adventures TO THE CARDINALS, in arms, which are described in this book; but I have never met with any lord, except the count de Foix, who had not his minions, ABOUT this period, Otho of Brunswick came to pope Clement at pages, and jesters, most honorably entertained. The count de Foix Avignon, to receive his pay for the war he had carried on for the had none such; for he was naturally grave, and of great good sense, pope and church against the Romans and Bartholomew Prignano, which was of more value than anything they could have afforded who styled himself pope Urban VI. as you have before seen in this him. I do not say, that those lords who are attended by minionsa history. He remonstrated with the pope and cardinals on various are mad; they are worse than mad, for they are blind having two topics, to which they attentively listened; but, as for his pay, he eyes. could not obtain one penny, the treasury being so empty that the car- When information of this disputed choice was first brought to king dinals were unable to get what was their due. Sir Otho, therefore, Charles of France, of happy memory, he paused, and left it to his left them much discontented; but, before he set out for Avignon, clergy; who, having considered the matter, resolved that pope Cle. they gave him one thousand francs, which he held cheap, and the ment had been truly elected. To this opinion the kings of France, war of the pope was greatly weakened, for sir Otho would not hence- Castille, and Scotland assented; and, notwithstanding the schism forward concern himself about it. Besides, Margaret de Duras, which was caused in the church, these three kings, being allied to. duchess of Anjou,* who resided at Gaietta, sent for his assistance gether, remained steady to Clement; bilt the kings of England and against the Neapolitans. Sir Otho balanced for a time, not knowing Portugal were of a contrary way of thinking. The earl of Flanders which side to take; some of the council advising him to aid Marga- had formed his creed as you have heard in this history; for he would ret in the defence of her realm, and take her to wife, as she had not acknowledge pope Clement, because he had, at the first conclave, any objection and was of noble birth, and by this means they told voted for the cardinal of Bari, and because, while cardinal of Gehim that he might become king of the country: but others advised neva, he had written to the earl to say Urban had been legally elected the contrary, lest it might have an unfavorable issue; for her children pope, for which reason the earl of Flanders considered his as the true by the duke of Anjou, who had been crowned king in Bari, were one as long as he lived. The emperor and all Germany, with the yung, and had many relations and friends, especially in the king of king of Hungary, acknowledged Urban. France their cousin-german, who would certainly support their While writing of these dissensions that happened in my time both claims, as well as the lady Jane, duchess dowager of Anjou, who in the state and in the church (which was somewhat shaken thereby,) would have great weight. Sir Otho was so long doubtful between and it is to be understood that the great landed proprietors were act. the two parties that at length neither had him. ing like hypocrites, it comes to my remembrance how in my young About this time, the forces subsidized by pope Clement, under the days, during the reign of pope Innocent, at Avignon, there was concommand of. the lord de Moetroye, a right valiant knight from the fined in prison a learned clerk, called Friar John de la Roche-taillade. country of Geneva and Savoy, sir Talebert, a knight of Rhodes, and This friar, as I have been told by several privately, for it was never sir Bernard de la Salle, had shut up pope Urban in the city of Peru- talked of in public, foretold, while in prison, many of the great events gia. He was much straitened, and on the point of being made cap- which would happen shortly in the world, more especially those that tive. I was told it depended only on the payment of twenty thousand related to France. He prophesied the capture of king John of France, crowns; for count Conrad, a leader of a large body of Germans, and the misfortunes that were to befal the church from the pride and would have delivered him up to pope Clement for that sum. Sir arrogance of those who governed it. It was said, that during his Bernard de la Salle was sent to Avignon to inform the pope, and to imprisonment he was brought to the pope's palace, when the cardinal remonstrate with him and the cardinals on the subject, but in vain of Ostia, commonly called cardinal of Arras, and the cardinal of with regard to the money, for the court was so poor that he could not Auxerre, disputed with him on these subjects. Friar John gave obtain anything, and returned, very discontented, to the siege of Pe- them for answer the following apologue: "In former days a bird rugia. The siege was slackened on both sides, and Urban escaped was hatched without any feathers. When the other birds heard of from this danger to Rome, where he remained. this, they went to see him, for he was fair and pleasant to look on. I know that in times to come, these things will be wondered at, Having considered, that without feathers he could not fly, nor withand it will be a matter of astonishment how the church could fall out flying live-which, however, they were determined to assist him into such troubles, and those of so long a duration. It was a punish- in, for he was a prodigiously handsome bird-they resolved that every ment sent by God, to make the clergy feel and consider the great bird should give him some of his feathers. The best feathered gave p:)mp and superfluities they possessed: but many paid no attention most, so that he was soon enabled to fly. The other birds took much to it, being so swollen with pride and arrogance, that each would pleasure in seeing him. When this bird saw himself thus in feather, imitate his superiors, and thus was religion little regarded; and if and that all the birds paid him great honor, he grew proud, and not the Holy Spirit, who enlightens the hearts of the devout, had not only held those cheap who had made him so, but pecked and drove kept them steady, and in unison, it would have been severely shaken, them from him. The birds held an assembly to consider how they if not lost. The great proprietors of land, who at the first were such should act, in consequence of the treatment they received from this noble benefactors to the church, now make a joke of it, even at the bird whom they had clothed, and who now despised them. The time. was writing and chronicling this history, in the year of grace peacock said,'He is too finely dressed in my feathers: I will take 1390; at which the commonalty were much surprised, and wondered them from him.'' In God's name,' said the falcon,' so will I mine,' why such great lords as the kings of France and Germany, and the The other birds said they would do the same, and imnmediately beother great princes of Christendom, did not provide a remedy for it. gan to unfeather him. The bird, on seeing this, hunmbled himself But, to satisfy the people and excuse the great barons, I must say, greatly, and acknowledged the honors and wealth ie had received; that as there cannot be a yolk of an egg without its white, nor a and that his fine feathers were not his own, for he had come into the white without the yolk, so neither the clergy nor the lords can exist world naked and featherles; and those who had feathered him might, if they chose, retake them. He cried out for mercy, and promised, peace between England and France, and was sent to Boulogne, with others on this sub- henceforward, never to risk, by pride or presumption, the loss of his lect. Hie died in 1393, in the palace ofTournelles, situated in the street of St. Anthony, feathers. The gallant birds who had plucked him, seeing him thus opp1osite the royal hotel of St. Pol, where the kings of France usually resided. He wsa humbled in his deportment, restored his feathers; but said, on giving buried in the church of St. Celestins, after the manner of his own country, his friends clothed in wiste, carrying torches of white wax: his body, dressed in royal robes of the them back,'We will gladly see thee fly among us, as long as thou fithe same color, was laid upon a white bed of state, and Ihis head encircled with a crown shalt bear thyself meekly, for so it becometh thee; but if ever thou of gold. At this funeral ceremony, many of the princes and great lords assisted, and shalt act arrogantly, we will pluck thee bare, and leave thee in the crowds of common people.-dnstiquitds de Paris, vol. ii. p. 251. naked state we found thee.' Thus, my fair sirs," said friar John to Holingshed says, Leo, king of Armenia, came to England and received a pension of e cardinals, will it happen to you. The emperors, kings, and ~1000 from Richard II.; the object of his visit was to make peace between the two the cardinals, "will it happen to you. Th emperors, kings, and countries of France and England. princes of the earth, have given you wealth, and power, and posses. * The text which Mr. Johnes here follows is essentially different from that of D. Sau- sions, that you may serve God; but you expend it in pomp, luxury, rage and more recent French editions, and lord Berners, and is moreover not consonant and all extravagances. Why do you not read the life of St. Silves. to the truth. Margaret of Duras was not duchess of Anjou, but widow of Charles Duras, r the king of Naples. the competitor of Louis, duke of Amjou. for that kingdom. According ter the first pope who succeeded St. Peter, and weigh well the to D. Sauvage, &c., the passage should run as follows: "Besides Margaret of Duras, conditions on which the emperor Constantine gave the tithes to the who resided at Gaietta and was opposed to the queen of Naples, ridow of king Louis church? St. Silvester did not travel with two or three hundred atduke of Anjou, beged his assistance to make war on the Neapolitans. Sir Otho bal- tendants on horseback, but lived simply and retired at Rome, solely anced for a time, not knowing which side to take. Some of his council advised him to with his churchmen, when the angel, throuh God's gace, appeared;ake part with Margaret of Duras, who was heiress of Naples and Sicily, and assist her with his churchmen, when the angel, through God's grace, appeared to defend and keep her heritage, and totake her to wife, as she was very willingto have to announce that the emperor Constantine, then an infidel and unbe. bin for a husbandl. he being ofnoble and high lineage; and he would thus become king liever, had sent for him. It had likewise been revealed to the em. and lord of the countries which she claimed. Others advised him to the contrary; for peror, by the angel of the lord, that Silvester would put him in the way the children of king Louis, who had been crowned in the city of Banri, were young and of he cured of his leprosy; for he was so ill of that disorder, his had numerous fiiends and relations, especially tIme king ofErance. who were wiling to assist thlem; and their ady mother, queen Joan, duchess of Anjou and Maine, was a limbs were rotting. On his arrival, he pointed cut to him his cure, woaman osf great intrigne. All these doubts were laid before him hsy his council. Sir Otho held back and hesitated so long that he lost both parties." We shoauld itere ob- * Jhiarmousets. serve, that Ma!,rgaret of Duras was not hei~ress of the kingdom ofNaples, oat regent de t Silvester was the thirty second pope, reckoning St. Peter as the hlrst.-.r d s ej ring Ins minority of her son Ladislas — EdD. I,nea~ ates. CHtRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 391 by means of baptism. He was baptized and cured, which so strongly daughter; but so they did; and don Ferdinand Aud/re was in th. impressed his m;-d with the goodness of God, that he believed, and right, when he advised the king to have him put to death, for the made his empire believe also. He gave to Silvester and to the people had too great an affection for him. The king would nevet church all tithes, which he had before held himself, with many other consent to this, saying that the people had no powei over the nobility rich gifts and territories, for the augmentation of our faith and church. of the realm; and that his son-in-law, the king of Castille, was It was his intention that these should be prudently and properly gov. powerful enough to punish any rebellion that might break out; that arned, and not with pomp and pride as is now done; for which the he had no just cause to imprison him nor put him to death; and Lord is wroth, and his anger will be much increased against you in besides, his brother was of a religious order, and possessed great times te come. Should the nobles excuse themselves from giving wealth, without thinking of the crown of Portugal. These were the support to the church, and grow cold in their devotions, and perhaps reasons why he escaped death. retake what they have given, it must speedily be destroyed." All these are well.known facts; for I, the author of this history, Thus spoke friar John to the cardinals, who were much astonished was told the.. by the nobles of Portugal. It was certainly strange thereat, and would have put him to death, but they could not find they should (Moose a bastard for their king: but they found none out any just cause for it. They suffered him to live, but confined nearer in blood to the crown; for they declared that the queen of him a close prisoner; for he proposed such deep questions, and ex- Castille, daughter of the lady Leonora d'Acunha, being a bastard, amined so closely the Scriptures, that he might perhaps, had he been should never possess the crown of Portugal, nor should any of her at liberty, have led the world astray. However, many things were descendants. The count de Foix was of a similar opinion, as he seen to happen, which he had foretold in prison, and which he proved told the knights when he gave them an entertainment on leaving his from the apocalypse. His proofs saved him sometimes from being country for Portugal; for he is perfectly well informed, though he burnt, and some of the cardinals took compassion on him, and did resides at Orth~s, of everything that passes in Castille or Portugal. not oppress him as they might have done. When his knights departed, he said: "Gentlemen, you have not any We will now leave these narrations and return to the principal business to interfere in the disputes between Castille and Portugal; matters of this history, the affairs of Spain, Portugal, France, and for the queen of Castille, daughter of don Ferdinand king of PorEngland, and say what events were passing there worthy of being tugal, has no claim to that crown. This war is begun foolishly, and recorded. with much bitterness: you may thre; efore, as well as those who first stirred it up, heartily repent when it is too late." They replied,. CHAPTER XXVI. "that having received earnest of pay from so great a lord as don John of Castille, they were bound to serve him." He then suffered'HE REASONS WHY THE PORTUGUESE PREFER THE GRAND MASTER OF them to go: but, as I have before related, the greater part never AvIS FOR THEIR KING TO DON JOIN, KING OF CASTILLE, WHO HAD returned home again. MARRIED BEATRICE, DAUGHTER OF DON FERDINAND, LATE KING OF PORTUGAL. CHAPTER XXVII. You have before heard how don John, son of don Pedro, king of Portugal, and bastard brother to the late king, had gained possession FROISSART TRAVELS TO MIDDLEURGI IN ZEALAND, TO MARE INQOIRIE of the crown, through the boldness of four of the principal towns in FROM A KNIGHT, WHO IS GOING TO PRUSSIA, OF THE AFFAIRS O0 Portugal; for the nobles and knights ought not to be inculpated in FORTtIGAL. the matter, as they had ever borne themselves loyally to don John'WE will not yet quit the affairs of Portugal, as they ought not to 4f Castille, who had married Beatrice, the daughter and heiress of be forgotten; but the grand feats of arms which took place there don Ferdinand. Many, however, were of opinion she was a bas- should be chronicled, that those who come after our time may find tard, being the daughter of a Portuguese lady, whose husband, a them related and written down. It would be pity they were anni knight of Portugal, was still living.* The king of Portugal having hilated: and it was by means of clerks of former days, who enre seized his wife, married her; and the knight left the country and gistered histories, that facts are now known, for there is no memory resided with the king of Castille: he never returned to Portugal, equal to writing. In truth, I must say, and I wish those who in after notwithstanding his noble birth, through fear of the king. times shall come may know the fact, that I have taken infinite pains This opinion of her being a bastard was the more extraordinary, to seek out the truth of what was passing in my day, and have trayas don Ferdinand considered her as legitimate, having received dis- elled through many a kingdom and over many countries for this pur. pensations from pope Urban VI. to that purpose. When peace was pose. I have been personally acquainted with many vaiant men, as concluded between the kings of Castille and Portugal, don John well in France, England, Castille, Portugal, as in the duchies and Ferdinand Audbre, who ruled the Portuguese council, proposed a countries adjoining, and with their companions in war, from whom I marriage between the daughter of his king, and don John, king of have never failed asking many questions for my information; and I Castille, who was at that time a widowvr. The council of Castille. have never willingly neglected, after having heard any fact, making when this union was proposed, had mentioned their doubts of the every possible inquiry to know the truth of it. legitimacy of the lady's birth; and to satisfy the king of Castille, During the time I resided with the gallant count Gaston de Foix at don Ferdinand made his principal barons and nobles of Portugal Bearn, I heard many of the transactions which happened in Portugal; swear, that after his decease, they would consider her as their queen, but on my return home to Valenciennes in Hainault, having rested and would unite their kingdom to Castillo. He had also forced the myself a while, my passion for the history I had begun was renewed, principal towns to promise the same, and to acknowledge the king and I bethought, myself that I could not impartially continue it, of Castille as their king, under a penalty of two hundred thousand having only heard that side of the question which related to the king francs. The Lisboners, having put to death don Ferdinand Audbre, of Castille. It was proper therefore, if I wished to avoid partiality, because he had interfered in this business, and exerted himself, at to hear what the Portuguese had to say, as I had listened to the Gasthe king of Portugal's death, to have it confirmed, elected the master cons and Spaniards in the castle of Foix, and upon the road in going of Avis, and would have no other king. They said, that were Por- thither and in returning. Indifferent as to bodily fatigue, I set out tugal to be turned topsy-turvy, they would never submit to Castille, for B3ruges, expecting to meet some Portuguese and Lisboners, as nor to the Castillians, so greatly did they hate each other. The Lis- many of that nation are generally there: I was most fortunate in my boners were the great instigators of this dispute; they said the lady journey, for it was told me, and I since found it true, that if I had Beatrice could not be their queen, for she was a bastard, a thorough considered for seven years, I could not have come more opportunely bastard; and, during the life-time of don Ferdinand, and now when to Bruges than at that moment. I had only to go to Middleburgh in he is dead, Lorenzo d'Acunha, the husband of her mother, still exists. Zealand, where I should find a valiant knight of Portugal, and of the For this reason, the four cities of Lisbon, Coimbra, Ourique, and king's council, called don Juan de Portelet, who would give me a, Oporto, elected don John, and crowned him king of Portugal. They true account of the events that had passed in Portugal, having been. would have a king from among themselves, and noticed the great a party concerned in all of them: he was but lately arrived, intend.. affection the commonalty had for the master of Avis. ing to embark for Prussia, whither his valor had led him. This in-. One of the chief causes for this hatred of the Portuguese to the telligence rejoiced me much, and I set out from Bruges in company' Ca-tillians, was, that after the marriage had been concluded between with a Portuguese well acquainted with the knight. On our arrival. the king of Castille with don Ferdinand's daughter, and it had been at Sluys, we embarked, and, thanks to God, arrived safely at Middle-. agreed that Portugal should, after the death of don Ferdinand, revert burgh. I made myself acqluainted, through my companion, with the to Castille; wherever the Castillians met the Portuguese, they mocked knight, whom I found prudent, honorable, gracious and pleasant. Ii them, and said, they should return under their obedience whether remained with him about six days, and might have done so longer. they would or not; that they would keep them in subjection and had I pleased, when the knight told me all that had happened in the slavery, and teach them, like Jews and slaves, to obey their wills. wars between Castille and Portugal, from the death of king Ferdi-. The Portuguese replied, they would never be under theirs nor the nand, until the time he had left that country. HIe related it so clearly subjection of any men in the world. Owing to such reproaches, and fully that I had great delight in hearing him, and writing down.. they elected the grand-master of Avis king, who was bastard son to what he had said. don Pedro, king of Portugal. Don Ferdinand, during his reign, paid When I had learnt all I had wanted, and found the wind to be' no attention to his brother, nor ever imagined the Portuguese would, favorable, I took leave of the knight: he accompanied me to the: after his decease, choose him their king, to the disparagement of his vessel, as did several rich merchants of his country who had come: ~~~L-t- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -- ~~~~fi'om Bruges hither to see him, as well as other good people of MfidU. * Ferdinand, at the conclusion of the war between him snd Henry de Transtamare, from in hit to s as we s othe good pe of idi,rag of Castille, engaged to marry thenry's daughter. This he did not perform, but dleb trgh. I aartied Leonora Teilez, the wife of l~orenzo d'Aeunha. * Nuiifo Alvarez Pereira. —E. 392 C HRONICLES OP ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. Portugal, and other knights and squires from those parts: but greater to carry them to England, if God permnitted, and if they sl-hould e'scape respect was paid to don Juan than to any of the others: and cer- from enemies and robbers; for there are as manv, if not more, oln tna tainly from what I saw, he was very deserving of it, for he was a sea than on land. handsome well-made mall, formed for vigorous exploits. I returned Having freighted a vessel called a lin, which keeps nearer the wind thence, through Bruges, home, where I chroniclid all I had heard than any other, they took leave of the king, the bishop of Coimbra, from don Juan Fernando de Portelet, relative to what had passed in andl the council of Portu aL, and embarked for England. The wind the realms of Portugal and Castilleuluntil the year of our Lord 1390. was favorable, and they were three days without seeing anything but sky and water; on the fourth they discovered the land of Cornwall. By God's aid, and favorable winds, from which their nariners knew C IIA P T ER X XV III. how to profit, they arrived in safety at Southampton, where they anchored. When they disembarked, to refresh themselveP in the TEE FOR TOEUGE, ARFTER M THE KNBASTTLE OF AALJUTAROTA, SEND EAS- town, they were summoned before the bailiff; who demanded whenco SADORS TO ENGLAND, TO INFORM THE KING AND HIS NOBLES OF THAT they came and whither they were going. On answering that they were from Portugal, and sent by the king and his council, they were AFTER don John had defeated the Spaniards at the battle of Alju. made very welcome. After they had allowed themselves some rest, barota, which took place, as we have heard, near the monastery of they were provided with horses for their own use and that of' their Alcoba~ar, whereat were slain such numbers of knights and squires attendants, and with guides to conduct them to London, for they were fiom France, Gascony, and Castille, he returned triunmplhant to Lis- quite ignorant of the country and roads. On leaving Southampton, bon, his head crowned with laurel, like the Roman conquerors of they continued their journey until they arrived in London, where old. The Portuguese highly honored him for his courage and vie- they dismounted in Gracechurch, at the hotel of the Falcon, kept by tory; and, after many grand festivals, a parliament was held by the Thomrnelin (e Winchester, and then sent back their horses and guides barons, knights, and magistrates fiom the principal towns, on the to Southamipton state of the kingdom, and on the means by which they could best Fortunately for them, the king and his court were at the time at persevere in what they had been so fortunate in commencing. The Westminster, which rejoiced them much. Being arrived at London, wisest among them said, now was the time to strengthen themselves, so that they might be ena. bled to withstand the i -: —i t power of the king of Cas- -, q;~4J::.,,: till, and enjoy with honor to themselves the fruits of "ke.. ference was holden in the e fo th, tseir victory. This concathedral church of St. I Dominick, at Lisbon, a, where many proposals ail s t were made, but not such as were worth recording. m a It was at last determ ined, i to send to tie duke of a t f\ Lancaster, who cla imaed the crown of Castille, in right of the lady Con-,, I stance, his duchess, eldest daighter to don Pedro the Crue_, and indite letters to him in such words as these: That if ever he wished to claim the king. - dom of Castille, and not surrender his right, which had been some time in suspense andnearly lost, now was the time for him to hasten to Portugal,well accompanied by nmen-at- - arms and archers. The count de Novaire,* constable of Portugal,thus EnBseARnas or PORTroAtr, (the Grand Master of St. James and Lawrence Fongasse) presented to Ricshard If. by the Duke of Laneaut,. spoke at the conference: Designed froma contemIporary sculptures and illuminYations. "Since we have determined to send to the duke of Lancaster, frc-Tr whom we hope to have counsel and assistance, and about nine o'clock they sat down to dinner; when that was over it is the wisest measure we can take to make us feared by our one- having selected their letters for the duke and duchess of Lancaster, mies, let us select the best informed and properest persons to carry our they waited on them. The duke and duchess were desirous to see message to England, so that the duke may be iinduced to conme hither them, as they were anxious for news from Portugal. They had in. with such a force as may enable him, with what he receives fruom deed heard some rumors from that quarter, but had not believed us, to oppose and conquer his enemy. We may well suppose the themn, as they had not received any letters which tended to confirm king of Castille will call for aid from the king of France, and the the report. The grand-master of St. James and Lawrence Fongasse, French, as they know not where to seek adventures, for there is were conducted into their presence, and the latter, on account of his truce between France and England until St. John the Baptist's day, facility in the French language, was the spokesman. After his sa.;and peace is now established between France and the Flemings, who lutations, he gave the duke the letters he had brought from Portugal, have found them full employment for several years past." who, opening them, gave the duchess that which was addressed to This speech of the constable was much applauded, and his advice her. Having each read them, the duke said, "You are welcome,;followed. It was then ordered that the grand-master of the order of gentlemen, to this country: we will to-morrow attend the king, and St. James, in the kingdom of Portugal, and Lawrence Fongasse, an you shall have assistance, as it is but reasonable you should." The:able and prudent squire, and who understood and spoke the French duchess, takinig Lawrence apart, asked the news of Castille and Por. tlanguage well, should set out for England; for, according to the tugal, and what was going on in th ose parts. IL.wrence, having sepinion of the king's council, there could not be found abler men to made exact answers to all the lady's questions, the duke ordered,execute this business. Letters were drawn up in French and Latin, wine and spices, of which the envoys partook, and then returned.o addressed to the king of England, the duke of Lancaster, and his their hotel. On the morrow, by six o'clock, they again waited on uncles of Cambridge and Buckinsgham. When they had been fairly the duke, who had heard mass, and entering a large barge, rowed engrossed, they were read to the king and his council, who, finding up the Thames to Westmminster, where the kiing and the greater part thern propevly done, had thiem sealed and delivered to the envoys, of his council resided.:Inc grand-master of St. James and Lawrence Fongasse, who engaged The duke of Lancaster made them enter the councilIchamber, and addressing the Iking, said, "My lord, here is the grand-mastes * Nnseo Alvarez Psreira. He was created constable of Portugal by time master of of St. James in Portumgal, who brings you letters:. will you please to.Avis, to whom he rendered essential services, in aislimb him to ohtain the crown. Nuioo see them " Alvarez is celebrat d in Portueueoe history s.s time hero of his time-E. s t Willimgly, replied tme king. Upon which, she tw CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 393 umabassadors, kneeling, presented the letters, which the king having fault of doll Fernando our last king, as was generally reported, and taken, he made them rise, and then opened and read them. They believed by the more sensible part of the nation. King Fernando also gave letters to the earls of Cambridge and Buckingham. fell desperately in love with tile wife of one of his knights, called The king replied very graciously to the emubassadors, saying, Lorenzo d'Acunha, and was so much enamored he would have her "You are welcome to this c.untry, and your coming has given us by force: the lady made the best defence she could, but at length much pleasure. You will not immediately return, nor without hay- he succeeded, and told her he would make her queen of Portugal, ing letters to your satisfaction. Make my fair uncles acquainted for that, if he was smitten with her charms, it was not to lower her, with your business, who will attend to it, and not allow it to slip but on the contrary to exalt and marry her.'Ah, my lord!' replied their memories." They answered on their knees, " Very dear lord, the lady, with tears and on her knees,'I beg your grace's pardon: we will cheerfully so do." They then quitted the council-chamber, I can never have the honor of being queen of Portugal; tfor you and amused themselves in the palace, waiting for the duke of Lan- know, as well as all the world, that I have a husband, to whom I caster, who remained in confeence until high noon. When the have been married these five years.''Leonora,' said the king, Darliament rose, the duke carried his two brothers, with the emrbas-' that shall not prevent it; for I will never have any other woman to,ador-s, in his barge to dine with him. The earl of Cambridge was wife since I have enjoyed you; but I will have you divorced from well acquainted with the grand-master and Lawrence Fongasse, as your husband before I make you my bride.' The lady could not he had known them in Portugal. After dinner he began a conver- obtain any other answer, and related all tha had passed to her hussation with them in the presence of his brothers, and asked about band. The knight on hearing it was very melanoholy, and bethought the marriage of the lady Beatrice, who was to have been his daugh- himself what was to be done; he resolved at first never to quit his ter-in-law, and how she went on. The embassadors gave such wife; but, suspecting the king's designs, he set )ut from Portugal answers as satisfied the company. toward Castille, where he was well received by king Henry and ap3Before the arrivyI of these embassadors, the duke of Lancaster pointed of his household, which appointment he held during his and carl of Cambridge had held frequent conferences respecting life, and was continued in the same by his successor don John. Castille; for the earl, as you have heard, was greatly displeased with "The king of Portugal, to gratify his foolish passion, sent for the the late king of Portugal, for having remained fifteen days with his lady and her husband; but the knight was gone. He then sent for army in sight of that of Castille without comning to an engagement. the bishop of Coimbra, who was chancellor of the kingdom and of'Ihe earl had pointedly remarked this fault, by saying, "I have only his council, and told him of his intention of marrying Leonora with me, sir king, one hundred lances and a thousand archers; but d'Acunha. The bishop was silent through fear, knowing the vio. I would have you and your barons know that we have unanimously lence of the king's haughty temper; but sir Fernando Aud6re, who resolved to risk a battle with our enemies, and abide whatever be was the king's bosom firiend and counsellor, in order to please the the event God niay please to ordain." King Ferdinand replied, Iking, said,: Bishop, you may very well do it, and my lord will make that neither himself nor council thoughlit it advisable to offer battle. atonement once for all.' The bishop united them, and they lived Upon this, the earl of Cambridge left the country, carrying his son together. This ladv was crowned queen of Portugal, with as nm:uch John with him to England.* When he was departed, the king of pomp and ma gnificence as ever queen of Portugal was, and the Portugal offered his daughter to the king of Castille, to strengthen king begot on her the lady Beatrice, now queen of Spain. True it the peace, by the advice of don Fernando Audere, in whom alone is that king Fernando, in his lifetime (it was oefore the earl of Camhe put confidence. The king of Portugal asked his daughter whom bridge came with his army to Portugal,) summoned all the nobles, she would prefer for her husband, the king of Castille or John of prelates, principal citizens of his realm to Lisbon, and made them Cambriidge she answered, "Tihe last." The king demanded, all swear obedience to his daughter Beatrice, then only five years'Viiy?" "Because he is a handsome youth, of her own age, and old; and pledge themselves that they would acknowledge her as because she wished to avoid being united to the lcing of Castille," heiress of the kingdom after his decease. He made thellm take thin who, she plainly said, was niot to her liking. The king, notwith- oath, as he hab ordered, whether they would or not. The g:reater standing, to preserve peace, as their kingdoms adjoined each other,, part knew well his daughter was a bastard, and born in adultery; married her to the kiing of Castille. for the husband of her mother, don Lorenzo d'Acunha, resided in The earl of Cambridge was also much dissatisfied with don Fer- Castille, and has outlived the king of Portugal. I believe, ny lord, nando Audhre, who had taken great pains to conclude a peace on that, had this child been a boy, the conmmnonalty would have eetn the graunds of this match. He had told his brother that lie much more inclined toward him; for they declare they would rathter die sespected the Portuguese would rebel against the lady Beatrice, than live under subjection to Castille: Portugal and Castille can after her father's death; for the majority of' the people, although tihe never be thoroughly united, for the natives of both countries hate king had espoused the lady Eleanora d'Acunhia, colsidered her as a each other, and canty on their wars with as much bitterness as the bastard; and, when he was there, great were the isursemurs about it, English anid Scots." and this is one reason why lie had so hastily brought his son thence. The duke of Lancaster. was much delighted with this conversaThe duke of Lancaster, whoi these circumistances affected more tion, and with Lawrenc e Fongasse's mianner. He said, "Lawrence, nearly, having married the old heiress of thle late king of Castille, at the time you were talking of, where was don John, the present by whom hlie had a daughter called Constance, was anxious to learn king," "By my faith, my lord," answered the squire, "he was in as much as possible respecting the affrirs of Castille, and not suffinr Portugal, at the head of a noble establishment of gentlemen, who his claim to remain longer in a state of suspense. He perceived bear an order of chivalry from beyond sea. There are full two hun. that lie never could have a more convenient entrance into that country dred knights of this order, who are dressed in white mantles with a than through Portugala: more especially as king John was so desi- red cross on them; he is the chief, and called the mastes of Avis. rous tor hmit to come thither, and the king of England and his coun- The king gave him this appointment, but thought nothing mrore oil had consented thereto. lie looked on don John as valiant and about himn; nor, indeed, did he any way concern himself', or inter. wise, and honored him much for the victory hlie had won over the meddle with the affairs of Portugal, nor ever form any intrigues for Castillians. That he might gain more information as to the real the crown. Certainly, had the king guessed that hlie could have been state of Portugal, together with the claims the lady Beatrice had on what he is now, the love he bore lady Lenora and her daughter would that crown, and the reasons why the commonalty had elected the have made him put him privately to death: but, seeing him live grand-master of Avis their king, he invited the enambassadors to a quietly with Ihis brother knights, without interfering in anything else, private dinner; wvhen it was over, he ordered all the attendants out he suffered him to go on witsout interruption. of his apartment, and called the grand-master of St. James and " With regard to the quarrel between the Castillians and Portu. Lawrence Fongasse most kindly to himi, and began to co-averse on guese, if I say the truth, I must own thae Castillians have alone been the affairs of Portugal; but, as Lawrence spoke French so fluently, to blame." How so?" asked the duke. "1 aviil tell you," replied he addressed himself to him, saying, " Lawrence, I entreat you will the squire. "When they saw the king of Portugal give his daughter relate to me everything that has happened in Portugal since Isy itn marriage to the king of Castille, it seemed to them as if he had brother left it; for the king of Portugal writes me word, that no one done so by way of buying a peace for them, and that we were afraid can give me such exact information as yourself; and by so doing of them. Upon this they grew proud anid arrogeant, and made use you will very much oblige me." "My lord," replied the squire, of such speeches as follow, which the Portuguese were forced to "your pleasure shall be obeyed;" and he immediately began to this hear:' Oh now, ye Portuguese, who are as savage as beasts, the effect time is coming when we shall have a good bargain of ye, for ye are our slaves. We will treat you like Jews, who only exist by our having granted them a truce, and ye shall be like them subjected to us. C H APTER XXIX. This ye cannot deny, since our kiing of Castills will become yours also.' With such like speeches did the Castillinss show their rancor, AWR.ENCE FONCASSE, ONE OF TH1E EMBA55AI5OR5 FROMt POitTOOI TO whenever any of the two nations uset, during the reign of don For. ENds SAND, RELATES TO THE DUKE OF LANCASTER TH-IE EVENTS \V~ilCH nando; and this caused so great a hatred of' the Portuguese to the tiAO tIAPtENEG tN PORTUJGAL 5NCE THE EARLJ OF CAMBRIDGE HAD LEFT Casitilianss, that when out' king lay at the poisint of death, the citizens tT. of the principal towns murmured much, and said,'It were better to "TsE. kiingdom of Portugal has been in great trouble since the staffer anything than be under the subjectioss of Castille.' departure of the earl of Cambridge; but, thankcs to God, all has " After the death of Fernando,* who was buried in the church ot turned out well, and affiqdrs are now on a steady footinag. If the Lord St. Francis, by the religious of that ordert in Lisbon, the chief towns had not interfered, matters must have ended badly, and all firom the and castles had closed their gates. The Lisboners, being acquainted but1 Ottber, l5222 — tI~ * te died 22nd Oct. I883. —En. $94 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. with the intentions of the other three towns, Coimbra, O)porto, and in the whole about fifteen hundred, headed by their new king, and Ourique, sent for don John, the present king, and said to him,'Mas. marched through the town toward the mint, where the queen and ter of Avis, we will make you our king, although you be a bastard: Fernando Audore, with their attendants, lived. On their arrival, we think the lady Beatrice, your niece, and queen of Castille, is more they broke open the doors, and entered the lady's apartment by force of a bastard than you; for the first husband of the lady Leonora is Leonora, much alarmed on seeing this crowd enter her chamber, now living. Since the crown is fallen between two bastards, we threw herself on her knees before don John, and with uplifted hands will choose t\a one who willbe to our greatest advantage: the more begged his mercy for that she was not guilty of any misdeeds; and, as sensible part of the nation isinclined to you; for never shall a wo- for the crown ot inheritance of Portugal, she had never made any man bear the crown of Portugal, nor will we ever be under the obe- claim to theni, as many present knew, if they would be pleased to dience of Castille. We had rather give up all to you, that you may remember.' 1 entreat, therefore, you and all the company to recol. defend us, than have the Castillians our masters. Accept, therefore, iect, that it was contrary to my will and wish that don Ferdina?: this crown as our gift, for we will have it so.' The master of Avis did exalted me to be his wife and queen of Portugal.''Lady,' replied not, however, accept it at this, nor at a second offer; but replied, don John,'fear nothing, for not the least harm shall be d(one you' My good people, I know well your affection for me: you offer me we are not come hither with such intent, but to seek that traitor John the crown and realm of Portugal-a noble offer-by declaring I have Fernando Audbre, and put him to death; and then the king of Cas a better right to it than my niece Beatrice the queen of Castille; in tille may revenge it if he can, for he has been his advocate too long truth she is a bastard, the mother's first husband being now in Cas- in this country.' Those who had been ordered to do so sought the tille; but there is one point you have forgotten, which is, that you knight, whom they discovered and slew: after this, no person was alone cannot act in this matter: it is necessary that the nobles of the injuted; but they all returned peaceably to their homes, and the king kingdom join you.'-)' Ha,' said the Lisboners,' we are sure of them: retired to the palace.'or several have opened to us their minds on this subject, as well in "After the death of Fernando, thle lady Leonora, who had been this city, as in those of Coimbra, Oporto, and Ourique.' Don John queen of Portugal, was desirous of quitting Lisbon and retiring to replied,' Well, be it so, then; I am willing to comply with your de- her daughter in Castille; for she had been so much alarmed by the sires. You know that the lady Leonora, who styles herself queen of murder of Fernando, that she had almost died through fear. She thie country, is in the town, and with her grand adviser, don Fer- would not therefore remain longer in Lisbon, where she had neither nando Audhre, who will want to preserve the crown for the queen of peace nor respect, but sent to ask leave of the king to depart, who Castille and her descendants; for he broke off the marriage with the readily granted her request, adding, she was in the right to go away. son of the earl of Cambridge, to give her to the king of Castille, and The lady set off with her attendants, and continued her journey until patch up a peace. He will send, or perhaps has already done so, to she came to Seville, where the king and queen of Spain resided. the king of Castille, to hasten hither with a sufficient force to over. She found almost all the nobility of Spain assembled there in Parlia. power us. I know that don Fernando has in part acted as I say, ment, on the subject of Portugal: for king John declared that king. and he will still more exert himself on the day of the obsequies o! dunm was now fallen to him by the death of don Ferdinand, who had my late king and brother, which will shortly be performed in this so settled it when he married the lady Beatrice; and, the states of town, when all the nobility of the kingdom, unless they send excuses, the country having likewise agreed to it, he wanted their advice how must be assembled.' Those present answered, that he did not sur to act. prise them by what he had said, for they well knew it was so; but, "The lady Leonora was received with joy by the king and her should they hear don Fernando say anything contrary to his interest, daughter, and many inquiries were made relative to what was pass. they would that day provide a remedy against it. Upon this the ing in Portugal. She told theni truly everything she knew, and meeting broke up. added, that the people would assuredly crown the master of Avis " Not long after, the obsequies of the late king were performed in king, if not prevented; for that, don Fernando Aud/re having been the church of the Franciscans at Lisbon, where he lies, and the cere. always a zealous friend to the rights of Castille, they had murdered mony was attended by great numbers of the nobility, according to him. They readily believed what she said, as every appearance the invitations they had received from the queen, and don Fernando testified its truth. qome knights and barons of Portugal, from affec. Audbre who governed her. The grand-master of Avis was present, tion to the daughter of their late king, and to keep the solemn en and many from the towns of Coimbra, Oporto, and Ourique, who gagements they had entered into at her marriage, quitted their country, had assented to what had been proposed at Lisbon. When the cere. and joined the king of Castille at Seville, leaving behind their wealth mony was over, don Fernando Audbre entreated the nobility, who and properties. Among them were, don Pedro Alvarez Pereyra, had assisted in behalf of the queen, not to leave Lisbon for a day or grand prior of St. John, don Henriquez Manuel, count of Cintra, Juan two, that he might have a conference with them, on the means he Texeda, chancellor to the queen, and about twenty more, which should use to send to king John of Castil!e, as his queen was now emigration at this time greatly weakened Portugal, and much pleased become his legal heiress of Portugal. Many of the nobles paid no the king of Spain, who was strengthened thereby. attention to what he said; for they were afraid of the people then " The king of Spain issued a special summons throughout his realm present, as they had heard them declare they would only have the for all persons capable of bearing arms, from the ages of fifteen to master of Avis for their monarch; and this likewise was heard by sixty, to hasten to Seville, for he was determined to enter Portugal don Fernando. He begged the nobles to support him steadily in his with a force sufficient to conquer it and make it his own. His com. attempts to bring the people to his way of thinking; but they all left mands were obeyed; and there were assembled before Seville uphim. As soon as the funeral was ended and the queen had returned ward of sixty thousand men of every description. Lorenzo d'Acunha, to her palace, they called for their horses, which the majority mounted, on hearing that his wife, whom the late king of Portugal had ravished and set out from Lisbon. Some few attached to tihe grand-master from him and made his queen, was arrived in Castille, waited on some might remain, but they retired to their houses, and kept within, ex.- of the king's council by whom he was beloved, and asked their ad. pecting the event to happen which I am about to relate. vice in the following terms:'My lords and assured friends, have I "The citizens of Lisbon, Coimbra, Ourique, and Oporto, after the any means to obtain possession of my wife, who has left Portugal funeral, went to the cathedral, which is dedicated to St. Doniick, and is now iu Seville? I know that Ferdinand took her by force, instead of going to their homes, and the grand-master with them, and against her inclinations. He is, as you know, dead; and in where they held a short conference.'My good people,' said don justice, therefore, I ought to have back my wife; tell me, then, how John,'If you wish to have me for your king, which I think my just I should act.' They replied,'Lorenzo, there is not any chance of right, and are resolved to persevere in it, you must now bestir your- your ever having her again; for you would risk too much, and debase selves, and begin by acting to show your strength. You have seen the honor of the lady, as well as that of the queen of Castille, and how Fernando Audbre is working on the nobles to send for the king establish her bastardy. You see that our king is determined to con. of Castille, to whom he says the crown of Portugal now belongs in quer Portugal, and add it to his crown, as appertaining to him in right of my niece; but I maintain that it shall, if you assist me, be right of his queen. Take care not to muddle more by your claims mine; for I have a much better claim to it in every way. I am a what is already troubled enough, for you will be put to death if you man, and the son of the good don Pedro who so gallantly reigned persevere. You may judge yourself what may be expected, if you over you. My niece, the queen of Castille, it is true, is daughter to prove the queen a bastard, which we maintain in this country to be don Ferdinand, but not in legal marriage.' The Lisboners replied,. false, and that she was born in legal marriage by a dispensation in' What you say is true: we will have you for our king; no one else; due form from the pope.'' What had I best do, then?' said Lorenzo. and we will make you such, let who will urge us to the contrary.'The best way for you to act is to set out ipstantly for your estate in Now, swear before us that you will be good and merciful, and main- Portugal, and leave the lady Leonora with her daughter; we see no tasin strict justice, without flattering the strong more than the weak; other means of safety for you.''On my troth, I believe you advise and that you will defend, with heart and hand, in conjunction with me like real friends,' answered Lorenzo. He only staid three days our aid, the rights and privileges of Portugal.' The king replied, I after this conversation in Castille, and having secretly packed up all My good people, I now heartily swear to follow what you have his things, rode off in haste to Portugal, where he waited on the said; but let us hasten to the mint, where John Fernando Aud~re master of Avis, saying he was coming to serve under him, for he resides with Leonora d'Acunha; for I must have him put to death, i acknowledged him his king. Don John was rejoiced at this, made as he has acted contrary to our interests, in supporting the claims of him governor of Lisbon, and restored to him all his property. Thus others than those you wish well to.''We will do so,' they answered; as I have related to you, my lord, was the fortune of Lorenzo d'Acunhs' for in truth he has behaved to you like a rebel, and shall die for it, restored to him." ~hat those who are yotr enemies may take example.' The duke of Lancaster took great pleasure in this conversation "On saying this, the Lisboners left the chiurch of St. Dominick, with Lawrence Fongasse, for he spoke French well, and the mattes CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. rn concerned him nearly. He was anxious to learn as much as possi. When their hopes began to fail of help from England, the Iing was ble, and, with great kindness, said: "Lawrence, speak out boldly: advised to embark for that country, as their embassadors had brought I have not these two years heard any foreigner so explicit, and all intelligence thence that assistance would be sent; and that yore you say appears truth itself. Continue, therefore, I beg of you; for grace would bring reinforcements." "In God's name, that is very the king of Portugal writes me word, you are the only person who true," replied the duke of Lancaster; "for I was on the point of can give me the fullest information of what has happenc in that sailing, having everything prepared, when the war in Flanders broke country." "l My lord," rei'.ur'ted the squire, "there have ksen few out. The men of Ghent called on England for aid; and they had deeds of arms done in Castille and Portugal, but on occasions when given to them all, or at least the greater part, of those troops whfich I.ivie been an actor in them; and, since it pleases you that I con- I was to have led into Portugal. The bishop of Norwich carried tinue my narration, I will do so. them with him beyond sea, and thus retarded the expedition to Por. "King John of Castille assembled his forces as speedily as he tugal." "I vow to God, my lord," said the squire, "we in Lisbon could, and marched with a great power before Lisbon, prior to t'he thought that there had something happened in England to prevent coronation of the king, in order to alarm the inhabitants and make your coming to us. We managed, however, as well as we could, good his claim to the kingdom. He advanced to Santarem, which and bore up against the power of the king of Castille, which was is on the borders, and halted there two days. The garrison and not small; for he has upward of sixty thousand men on sea and land, townsmen, alarmed at his numbers,, opened their gates, and surren- and menaced daily to destroy us without mercy, and burn Lisbon to dered themselves to him. When he had taken possession and re. the ground. During this siege of Lisbon, a lord of our country, garrisoned the place, he marched to Leyria,* which is a very strong called d'Acosta, did us a noble piece of service, and gained by it town, and surrounded it. Leyria was attached to the Spanish inte- great renown. He freighted and armed twenty galleys at Oporto rest, for the town formed part of queen Leonora's dower; and, at with good men-at-arms and provision, with which he put to sea, and the first attack of the king of Castille, it instantly surrendered. by the grace of God, having a favorable wind to second their exerHaving left there a strong body of men-at-arms, he advanced to Va. tions, passed through the Spanish fleet, consisting of one hundred icneza d'Alcantara, and laid siege to it. He sent to tell the townsmen great vessels, that were lying at anchor before Lisbon, so opportunely to humble themselves before him and receive him as their lord. The that, whether they would or not, he arrived in the port with all his citizens replied, by advising him to march away to Lisbon, adding, galleys unhurt, carrying with him four of the enemy's vessels which that as soon as they should know he had gained that town by affec- he had conquered. The inhabitants were very much rejoiced at the tion or force, they would send him the keys of Valenza. This answer success and the arrival of the lord d'Acosta." being agreeable to the king of Spain, he marched away. Another " By my faith," said the duke, "this lord d'Acosta did you indeed town called Serpa, which the king wished to gain, made a similar a great service. Now, Lawrence, relate to me how this siege was answer. Other towns did the same, so that he took the road to Lis. raised, for I am well satisfied with your conversation." "My lord," ben; for he imagined, if he could conquer that city, he would soon replied the squire, "the siege lasted, as I have said, upward of a master the remainder of the country. Whe'ever the king marched, year, for the king of Castille had sworn he would never break it up he carried his queen with him, to show the Portuguese that it was until Lisbon were under his obedience, or until some more powerful in her right he claimed the crown, and that he had a just cause for prince should force him to it. Considering what happened, the king so doing. Don John of Castille arrived with his whole army before of Castille religiously kept his vow of not breaking up the siege, un. Lisbon, and by his manner of forming the siege plainly showed hlie less forced to it by a more powerful lord, as I will explain. A most would not break it up until he had it in his power. He menaced destructive pestilence burst out in his army, so that persons died sudthe master of Avis, who was within the town, that if he could take denly while in conversation with each other. Upward of twenty him, he would put him and all the other rebels to an ignominious thousand were carried off by this plague; which so much alarmed death. the king, that he was advised to break up the siege, and retire 1o "The army of don John was very numerous; and the Castillians Santarem or elsewhere, and disband his army until the disorder should and the French, who had come to his assistance, had so closely sur. be checked. He consented to this very unwillingly; for he had rounded Lisbon, that no one could come out or go in without danger solemnly sworn he would never leave the place until he had won it of being taken. When any Portuguese were made prisoners by the by fair or foul means; but he was forced to it by the principal lords Castillians in a skirmish or otherwise, [heir eyes were torn out, their in his army, who pressed him to march to Santarem. legs, arms, or other members were cut off, and in such maimed state "My lord, we Portuguese have always thought, and have publicly they were sent back to Lisbon, and bid tell their townsfolk that they said, that the Almighty, to afford us assistance, had, out of his grace, had b(een so treated in despite of the Lisboners and their master of sent this pestilence among our enemies; for those in the city wherein Avis, whom they were so eager to crown king; and that they would we were inclosed never felt the smallest attack from any such sickkeep the siege until they had won the town by storm or famine, ness, nor did we lose a man. Our king, when he saw the Castillians when they would show mercy to none, but put all to death, and give marching away, made the townsmen and garrison of Lisbon arm, up the city to fire and flame. The Lisboners, however, did not re- and sallying out on horseback, fell on the rear of those who were venge themselves so cruelly; for. whenever they made any prisoners, not in good array, broke their ranks, killed and wounded great num. their king afforded them every comnort, and did not send them back bers, and captured many of their stores. He also issued a proclama. with hurt of any sort. They made many of the army say, he was a tion, that no one, under pain of death, should touch or carry into gallant fellow thus to return good for evil. Lisbon any of the provisions the Spaniards had left in their camp, but During this siege of Lisbon, which lasted upward of a year, there that everything should be burnt, that the town might not be infected. were every week two or more skirmishes, in which many we-re killed All the provisions and stores were given up to the flames; but, I beand wounded on both sides. The town was besieged by sea as well lieve, wherever any money and plate were found, better care was as by land; and the besiegers had plenty of all things, for provisions taken of them. came to them from different parts of Spain. The Spaniards made " The king of Castille, on his arrival at Santarem, which is on the one course up to the very gates of Lisbon; when Lorenzo d'Acunha borders of his realm, remained there for some time. He made the sallied forth out of the barriers with his pennon, having the arms of most earnest solicitations to France for succor, but more particularly Acunha borne before him, accompanied by many gallant fiiends, and to Gascony, B6arn, and the county of Foix, whither he sent three excellent deeds of arms were then done with lance and dart." horses laden with nobles of Castille and florins, as an advance to "1By my faith, Lawrence," said the duke of Lancaster, "of all knights and squires, for he well knew he could not by any other the arms the Castillians and your countrymen use, I love the dart the means induce them to quit their castles or country. The courage of best, and like to see it used: they are very expert at it; and I must the barons and knights of Portugal was much exalted when they say, that whoever they hit with it, unless strongly armed, he will be found the king of Castille had retired from Lisbon, which he had be. pierced through." " Indeed, my lord, you say truly: for I saw more sieged for upward of a year,? but more especially the commonalties bodies transfixed at these assaults than I ever witnessed before in my of Oporto, Ourique, and Coimbra. They took counsel together, and lift. We lost one whom we much regretted. Lorenzo d'Acunha instantly determined to crown the master of Avis king; for they had, was struck with a dart that passed through his plates, his coat of through their love and good pleasure, already raised him to that honor, mail, and jacket, though stuffed with silk, and his whole body, so saying it was the commons wish of the country, and that God would that he was felled to the ground. The skirmish ceased on account that he should be crowned, for he had displayed his virtues to the Cas. ofi the dead knight; and thus was the lady Leonora made a widow, tillians. It was proclaimed throughout tie country,that all interested in one year, of both her husbands. Lorenzo d'Acunha was much should be at Coimbra on a certain day, when the master of Avis lamented, my lord, for he was valiant in arms, and prudent in coun- would be solemnly crowned king of Portugal. All those of his party, cil. After his death, his cousin, called la Pouvasse d'Acunha, was and, considering the size of the country, it was a numerous body, app'ointed governor of Lisbon. He made three or four sallies on the attended the coronation, which was performed by the bishops and Ep?.'iards, in which he was victorious. prelates with great pomp, in the cathedral church of Coimbra, dedi. "The siege of Lisbon was continued to the great dismay of the cated to St. Mary, on Trinity-day, in the year of grace 1354.t The imhilhitants; for no succor seemed to come to them from any quarter. king on that day created sixty knights, as well of his own as from foreign countries. There were magnificent festivals at Coimbra, *"Leyria." Froissart calls it Tuy; but Tuy is a town ofSpain, on the opposite side which lasted for two or three days. Tte barons, counts, knights~ olf the river Minho to Valencia. There must be some mistakes; for the king of Spain, and squires, who held fiefs of the crown, renewed their homage on to: viog Seville, marches to besiege Lisbon. He comes to Santarem; so far is well; but from thence hs.urns offto Leyria ansd Valenza d'Aleantara; and, when the battle * It did not continue mnore than nine months. It was raised in the mosnth oef Novhre of Aljubarota tskss place, the Portuguese march from Guimareans to combat.he ~er of the same year in which it was begun. —]B;~ glpe.jiards..t6th April, 138t. —E., I96 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c, atnd the king swcre to govern the realm with justice, and to maintain rebels, they were carrying them away as prisoners.'You sha!| not all the: rights. The people swore to obey faithfully the king and carry them away nor their property neither,' said sir John Portelet' his heirs after him, whether male or female, and never to desert him'for we will take them from you, as you have not any right thus to until death. Thus passed the coronation of the king of Portugal. act. Do you not know that we have a king of our own, who has The king of Castilleo on hearing that the Portuguese, and par- sworn to govern justly, and punish all thieves and robbers? I there. ticularly the commons, had crowned the master of Avis king, and fore order you in his name, to lay down all that you have pillaged in had sworn to him homage and fidelity, was more pensive than be- Portugal, or else we shall fight with you, having justice on our side.' fore; for he did not imagine they would have been in such haste to Sir Adiantado de Toledo answered;'As for our prisoners, we will crown him, as he had in his army so inany of the nobles of Portugal. not for certain yield them up; but in regard to other matters, we will Ie said to those near himn,'I see clearly that by fair or foul means I consider of it.' must conquer what is my own, if I wish to possess it; for there never "The Castillian chiefs then withdrew to hold a consultation, and will be any peace between Castille and Portugal until the Portuguese plainly showed, by what followed, that, although they had thus vaunt. have made amends for what they have done.' ingly advanced to Trancoso, they readily would have been excused "After the coronation, the king went to Lisbon, where he re- a battle. After a short delay, they said that in regard to the cattle, mained, and attended diligently to the affairs of the kingdom, at the they had determined to give them up, as well as the horses, and other same time endeavoring to acquire the affection of his subjects. He things which would embarrass them on their return, but that they sent knights and squires to all his garrisons on the frontiers of Spain, would keep the prisoners.'Oh, but,' replied the Portuguese,'it for the king of Castille was now returned to Seville. The king of shall not be so: for you must give up all, or fight.' The battle upon Portugal ordered sir John Ferdinand Portelet, an able and valiant this, commenced very sharply, for neither party spared itself: they knight, full of enterprise, to Treutouse*, and with him two excellent were both active, and the field of battle was extensive. Javelins knights, sir Vasco Martin d'Acunha, and his brother, sir Gil Vasco were thrown with such force, that whoever they struck, unless well d'Acunha, and two hundred good men. at-arms well mounted. Sir armed, was knocked down. Many gallant deeds were done; and sir John de Pereira was sent with fifty lances to the castle of Leyria, John Fernando Portelet made good use of his battle-axe, as did the near Aijubarota; sir John Gomez da Silva, to Valenga, which is op- two brothers d'Acunha makle. great havoc with theirs. The Castilposite to the town of Tuy; this place had turned to the Spaniards lians, on their part, behaved admirably; and their fighting and pushwhen they marched to Lisbon, and it was a numerous garrison of ing lasted upward of three hours, without either'side being shaken. Castillians and French. Sir Mondech Radigo was ordered to Serpa It was wonderful how they could remain so long a time under arms, with fifty spears: to Oporto, Coimbra, and Ourique, the king sent but their anxiety to leave the field with honor supported them; and none, for he knew the loyalty and attachment of those cities to his I must say, that both nations are hardy in fight, more particularly cause. T'hus, as I tell you, were all the strong places garrisoned, when they feel the necessity of it. They were so long and so equally and there were frequent skirmishes with one or the other; in which, engaged, that any one who had seen them would not have known as must happen, sometimes one side gained, sometimes another. which side would bL. victor. However, thanks to God, no banner There was, in particular, one celebrated skirmish between the gar- nor pennon was damaged in our army; but those of our adversaries rison of Trancoso and the Castillians." began to give way, which greatly encouraged our men, who were Ah, Lawrence," interrupted the duke, "do not pass this over now as fresh as ever, and, shouting out'St. George for Portugal! slightly, but tell me all the particulars; for my greatest delight is the broke through the ranks of the Castillians, and began to knockl down hearing of gallant deeds of arms." "My lord,'" replied the squire, on all sides. Such deadly strokes were given with battle-axes and "it is but right I should do so; for I well remember everything that leaden mallets, that they were completely defeated. The pages, happened, as I was banner-bearer on that day to John Ferdinand de I seeing the discomfiture of their masters, took advantage of their horses Portelet, governor of Trancoso, who began the skirmish. and galloped off. Of the seven captains only one escaped, and he " You must know, my lord, that the king of' Castille had placed was indebted for it to his good page, who, perceiving him hard good garrisons in all his towns on the frontier, who, by collecting at pressed, brought him a horse, and, having mounted him, led him out times together in one body, overran and much harassed the country. of the battle, so that Adiantado de Caqorla that day received a most It happened that seven Spanish captains, of high birth and valor, as- essential service from his page. All the rest were put to death, for semrbled a body of three hundred lances, well mounted, with which quarter was shown to none. Thus were the Castillians defeated by they entered Portugal, and made a great booty of pillage and prisoners. sir John Fernando Portelet, though there were at least two to one They might have returned into Castillo had they pleased, but their more in numbers, on a VWednesday, in the month of October, near the pride and presumption urged them to boast they wouldsee what the town of Trancoso, in the year of our Lord 1384. garrison of Treutouse was made of. The whole countr' fled before "When all was over, and the field clear, our men mounted their them, so that the governor was apprised of the invasion. He called horses, and gave liberty to all whom the Castillians had captured for his arms, on hearing the enemy were in the plain, and had his they also allowed them to carry away as much of the plunder as they trumpet sounded to alarm the knights in the town. All armed in pleased; but the cattle, which amounted to more than eight hundred, haste, and, mounting their steeds, sallied out of their place, when, on were driven to the town, as a supply for the garrison. On re.nter. mustering themselves, they amounted to full two hundred spears. ing Trancosa we were received with so much joy, that the inhabit. They drew up in good array, and showed plainly they were in earnest ants could not make too much of us, for having freed the country ot to meet their enemies. On demanding' from the runaways, who were its enemies. All who had heard of this battle praised us most highly hastening to save themselves in Trancoso, where the Castillians might for our valor. be found, they answered, not far off; as they were only marching at "We had another successful engagement in the plains of Seville: a foot's pace, on account of the quantity of booty they had with them. but I will first relate the most brilliant success that has for these two Sir John Ferdinand Portelet was rejoiced on hearing this, and said hundred years ever happened to a king of Portugal, and which oua to his companions, the brothers d'Acunha;' My lords, let us advance, king had about four months ago, when the enemy were upward oe I beg of you; for I will never enter town or castle until I have seen four to one, all of them excellent men-at-arms and of high renown, our enemies, to offer them battle; and by, every means attempt to which makes our victory the more glorious. But I fancy, my lord, recover the pillage and the prisoners they are carrying away.' He you have heard enough of this battle before; and, being now suffi. then added,' Lawrence, display my banner; for we shall speedily ciently tired I had better end the conversation." "' Oh, by no means," come up with the enemy.' I instantly obeyed this order; and, as replied the duke: " continue your narrative, for I shall cheerfully we rode on at a good pace, we soon saw the dust the Castillians listen to you. In truth, I have in my household a herald called Derby, made. We took advantage of the sun being in our back, and over- who was, as he says, present at this battle, and tells us that our took them. countrymen performed wonders; but I doubt it much, for I cannot "The enemy, perceiving us, halted and drew up in good array, conceive that any numbers could have been there, as my brothez placing their prisoners and plunder on one side. We were so near Cambridge, when he left Portugal, brought back all the English and each other, that we could speak to them, and noticed three banners Gaseous which had accompanied him. There are many heralds and four pennons; and we judged they were full three hundred, all such liars, they exaggermte or depreciate according to their affections well mounted. I will tell you the names of the captains: there were or dislikes; and, since these boasted exploits cannot have been for. sir Juan Rodriguez., de Castanheda, a baron of Castille, sir Alvaro gotten, I shall thank you to be particular about them, whenever you Garcia do Albortais., sir Adiantado de Toledo, Pedro Soamez de speak of that part of the battle." "On m3 troth," answered Law. Toledo, Adiantado de Caqorla, Juan Rodriguez Pereira, and Diego rence, " there were not with our king, at thfe battle of Aljubarota, Eanes de Tavora. more than two hundred foreigners, including English, Gascons, and "When we were thus pear to each other, both parties dismounted, Germans. The ablest captains among them were two Gascons and and the horses were given to the pages and varlets; but before any a German from the' Duchy of Gueldres, whose names were, sir Wilblow was struck, there was a parley held by the leaders of each troop; liam de Montferrand, and Bernardon, Gasons, and Albert the Ger. and, being present, I heard everything that was said. Sir John man. There were a few English archers: but I never heard any Portelet began by asking them why they had thus invaded Portugal? name of note except of two squires, Northbury and Hartsel, who Sir Adiantado de Toledo replied, that they had a right to invade any assisted at the council whenever the king had it assembled." counl:ry they chose, to chastise rebels; for they had been commanded "Now relate to me how this famous battle was fought," said the by their lord, the king of Castille, who was the true lord of Portugal,. duke. "Willingly," replied the squire, "for it was for this I was to enter that country, and plunder it; and, the inhabitants being sent hither. I have already told you, that before the coronation of our king at Coimbra, the king of Castille had raised the siege of Lms * "Treutouse." It is thus in all my Copies, MS. and printed; but 1cannot orrect the bon, on account of the great mortality in his army, amid had retire4 wistako otherwise than by supposing it to mean Itqremnoy. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, S'PAIN, &c. 397 to Santarein. He was greatly mortified when he heard of the coro- There was also another celebrated battle at this place, about nation of king John, in opposition to his claim on Portugal in right two hundred years a.go, which was won by the brother of a king of of his queen, and was advised to send everywhere for men-at-arms, Castille, called the count of Portugal:* for at that time there were especially to France, as the French had before been their ailies in no kings of Portugal. There fell out a deadly hatred between these the wars of his father the late king. His council said; My lord, you two brothers, caused by a dispute in the aivision of the countries only want one successful battle over the Portuguese to have them so that there was not any chance of peace without the event of a under your subjection; for that kingdom is, as. you know, much battle being first tried. The Portuguese were as warm in the matter divided in regard to the person to whom the crown belongs. You as the count, and declared they would rather be put to death than have now with you its principal nobles, who have acknowledged become subject to Castille. They therefore marched, in battle. your right, which is assuredly of great importance to your war. If array, to meet the king at Aljubarota. The king of Castille came you march to combat this bastard of Portugal, whom the commonalty thither in such force that his army amounted to more than ten times have crowned king, before he be reinforced by the English you will the Portuguese, whom he held in the utmost contempt. The battle conquer him, and the country be your own; for it is not of' that ex- took place on the plains of Aljubarota, and was very bloody; but, tent but we can soon overrun it. The king of Casttille sent envoys in the end, the Portuguese gained the day, defeating the enemy and to France, Poitou, Brittany, Norman dy and many other places where mnaking their king prisoner. By this capture, the count of Portugal he thought it probable men-at-arms would come to serve him, but obtained what terms of peace lie desired, and the boundaries of the more particularly into Bearn, whence indeed numbers of gallant two kingdoms were firily established. The Portuguese, sensible knights and squires did come. From that country there were niore that their victory was owing to God's mercy, in enabling a few to thaii from any other; and the army amounted, when at Santarem, to overcome such numbers, were desirous to illustrate their country, upward of seven hundred lances and thirty thousand Spaniards, all and had their count crowned kIing by the nobles and prelates, in tihe well mounted, and eager to do us mischief. city of' Coimbabra. They carried him in triunmph throughout the king"News was soon carried to Portugal of the great power the king doni, w'th a crown of laurel on his head, as a token of victory, like of Castille had collected, and thriat he intended to renew again the to that which kings were used to wear in former times; and ever siege of Lisbon. The king held a council to consider how he should since that day Portugal has had its king: and know, my lord, that act, when the nobles declared for marching to meet their enemies, the Portuguese, sooner than be under the subjection of the Castillians, and not shutting themselves up in any town of the kingdom; for if' would look for the most distant relation or any of their kiings who they were inclosed, they nmust remain so, and the Castillians in the had died without issue. mean time would overrun the country at their ease, and in the end "When king Jolio of Portugal was arrived at Aljubarota, all these starve them into submission. Bit if they marched, and posted them. old stories were told him. While the constable and marshal were telves advantageously to wait the enemy, it would be most advi- arranging their men, sir John Fernando de Portelet arrived with his iable;'for,' added they,'we know, my lord, thiat you vill never forty lancemen, having left the castle of Ourem that morning. His enjoy peaceably the crown we have placed on your head before you coming gave pleasure to all; and he was posted in the division near have had a battle, and have once or twice defeated your adversary, the king's person. When our army was drawn up in proper array, the king of Castille, and all the force he can bring against you. If and we were waiting for our enemies, whose numbers and state the we gain the victory, the kingdom is yours; and, should we be over- scouts had been sent to observe, the king advanced to the centre, thrown, it will still remain in suspense. - It is by far more honorable and, having ordered silence, said:'Ge-ntlemen, you have crowned to seek our enemies than wait to be sought for; and many are the me your king: now show your loyalty; for, since I am on the plains instar.ces where the first have had the advantage over the latter, of Aljubarota, I will never retreat until I have combated our ene. WVe therefore advise you to send to all from whom we expect assist- mies.' The army unanimously answered,' My lord, we will remain ance.' You say well,' replied the king,'and I will follow what you steady to you, and, be assured, will never turn our backs.' The recommend.' He issued his summons for his subjects to meet him two armies approached, for the Castillians were desirous of battle, at Oporto on a fixed day. But you must know that those to whom as they plainly showed. Our scouts were ordered to examine them he had thus written neither obeyed nor paid any attention to his or- narrowly, as to number and order, that we might take measures ders; for the country were not unanimous in their choice of a king, accordingly. They were more than three hours returning; and we and thus dissembled to see which of the two kiings would be victo- began to fear we had lost them. At last, they came back with parrious. Indeed, some of the nobility had even joined the king of ticular accounts of the enemy's strength. They said there were in Castille, thinking his thejuster cause. Notwithstanding this, the king the van battalion at least seven thousand men, armed from head to of Portugal assembled all the forces he could muster, at Coimbra. foot, in the handsomest manner possible; in that of the kiing, thirty To say the truth, those of the highest birth and of the greatest weight thousand horse, and all well armed. When our men and their lenders in Portugal were attached to him through personal affection; he had heard the numbers of the enemy, and how they were mnarching, the full five and twenty hundred knig'hts and squires, and about twelve van battalion being two leagues in advance of tihe main body with thousand infantry. He appointed the count de Novaire constable, the king-for the Gascons and foreigners were not on good terms and sir Aleyne Pereira* marshal of the army, both of them able and with the Castillians-they resolved to keep ii a compact body within valiant knights, who knew well how to lead an army to battle. their intrenchments, and to form two wirngs with the men-at-arms, " They left Coimbra, and took the road toward Aljubarota at a who amounted to about twenty-five hundred, in the rear of the wirlgs. gentle pace, on account of their heavy baggage following them. You would there, my lord, have witnessed a fine order of battle, and They sent forward their scouts, to observe the disposition of the men showing great courage. The Iking commanded, under pain of enemy's army. Sir John Fernando de Portelet had not joined the death, that no one should be ransomed, if the day were ours, but that king, but remained in the castle of Ourem, five leagues from Alju- all should be put to death. This was wisely done; for our lords said, barota, not knowing, I believe, that an engagement was so near at that if we occupied ourselves in makling prisoners, we should thinkl hand. I can readily suppose the king of Castille had early notice of nothing else, and risk thIe loss of the day: it will be much better of our march, which gave him and his army, as theyshowed, much to combat vigorously, than to attend to the dictates of avarice by pleasure. He was advised to hasten to meet us and give us battle, making prisoners, and sell ourselves lilke men whose all is at since. especially by the Gascons, who were eager for it, and requested to "Our enemies now were advancimng in as close order as possible lead the van, which they obtained. Sir William de Montferrand, just before us. They dismounted, and, driving their horses away, who was on our side with forty lances, had told us truly when he laced their plates and helmets very neatly, and, with vizors down said,' Be assured you will soon have a battle, since you have Gas- and presented lances, marched to us very boldly: in good truth, cons opposed to you; for they like nothing better.' The king lodged there were the flower of chivalry and squireship, as was very appaon the morrow with his whole army at Leyria, two leagues from rent. Between us was a ditch, not so wide but a knight could leap Aljubarota, where, on the next day, we came and fixed our quarters. over it, which was of some advantage to us; for our wings lannched The Castillians followed us and encamped on the spot we had left; very sharp darts as the enemy attempted to pass it, which wounded for they well kinew by their scouts our line of march. several so sorely, they were checlked in the attempt. When they "My lord, the Portuguese have always had great confidence in had all crossed it, the battle raged; for they imagined the kiing of God, and in the good fortune that would attend them at Aljubarota; Castille, with the main body, were close behind them; but it was and it was for this reason they had now there encamped themselves." not so, and they were all slain before his arrival. The manner of "Ay," said the duke, " pray tell me why." "Willingly," answered this happening was as follows the squire. " In former days, Charlemagne, who was king of France, "They were surrounded, as it were, by those called the common and emperor of Germany and Rome, and a great conqueror, over- aity of our country, who, conming on their rear, attacked them sharply threw, at Aljubarota, seven infidel kings, slaying upward of one with axes; while our men-at-arms, that were quite fresli charged hundred thousand of these unbelievers, as it is fully related in all our them in firont, and drove them back into the ditch they had crossed. ld chronicles. t By this defeat, he won the city of Coimbra and all In less than half an hiour the business was over, and all this body, Portugal, which he turned to the Christian faith: and in honor of of four thousand good men-at-arms, were put to death: none were this victory over the infidels, he erected and endowed a large meron- ransomed; for whenever any of ours wished to show quarter to his astcry for black monks, the revenues of which they were to receive prisomner, he was slain while in his hands. Thus did this slaughter as lang as they should reside in Portugal. befnil the van battalion: not one escaped. Shortly after, the king _____________________________________________________________________ of Castille and his army, consisting of thirty thousand men, well * Sir Arvaro Pereira. brother to ttie Constable Nutis Alvares Pere'a. —En. mountedc, came rip: but it was now night, arid they were ignorant' This is a mintake. Charlemagne never npproacheud Aljunarota. Tthe exploit ofAlphonso Henriquez, the thunder of the Portugmrese mnonamrchy, who deicated five * C(ernst Hterry o( Bnrgumldy::arl,, I'huea'.. naturaJ daughter of Alpihorso ~'[. Mnooriish Kings at the battle of Ouriqua, is probably the origin of tints story. —Em. kirnis otJ iastille and Lbon. s95 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. of the loss of their van. They were desirous of displaying their rota, he returned in triumph to Lisbon, not hearing of the Castillians horsemanship, and, by way of'gallantry, more than five hundred or French collecting in any bodies to continue the war. The king leaped over the ditch; but, my lord, not one of them ever returned of Castille, with his queen, left Seville, and went to Burgos, and the back again. Among them that were thus slain were some of the remains of his army shut themselves up in different castles alrid highest rank, the most anxious for deeds of arms, and several of towns. The garrisons of both sides frequently made war on each those noblemen who had left Portugal to serve under the king of other. It chanced that the count de Novaire,* constable of Pora. Castille. Our men, on seeing the enemy thus defeated, advanced, gal, entered Castille, not far from Seville, having with him abuout and crossed the ditch, now nearly filled with water, firom the number forty spears: he intended riding to Valverde, having heard there of bodies which had choked up the current; they then mounted were in that town two hundred men-at-arms. When arrived at tihe their horses and pursued the enemy, who had taken flight; but it barriers, he made a display of his strength, as a signal that he wishitd lasted not long, for it was soon so dark they were afraid of following for battle; but those within remained still, and seemedl to pty 1io them rashly, lest they might fall into some ambuscades: besides, attention to him, though they were secretly arming and prepario:g they were not so well mounted as the Castillians. Had it been themselves. otherwise, they would have suffered more, and their king been either "Our people having paraded before the place some time in vain, slain or made prisoner; but the obscurity oi the night, and the bad- turned about and began their retreat homeward at a foot's pace. ness of our horses, saved them. They, had not marched a country league before they saw the whole "I will now mention those who fell in this battle: and, to begin garrison of Valverde following them full gallop. They were led br with the Portuguese who had changed sides, don John Alphonso a gallant man-at-arms, Diego de Padilla, grand-master of the order Tello, the grand prior of St. John in Portugal, don Alvarez his of St. Jago, who brought them handsomely to the charge. The conbrother, with several more. Of Spaniards, don Pedro of Arragon, stable and his men instantly dismounted, and gave their horses to son to the constable; don Juan, son to don Tello, and don For- the pages and varlets: having grasped their spears, they drew up in nando, son to don Sancho, both brothers-in-law to the queen; Die- a line. The Castillians, who were very numerous, wanted to capgo Manrique, president of Castille; the marshal Carillo; the admiral tore their horses and varlets, saying,' Let us seize their horses: we Juan de Fovar, Pedro Alvarez Pereira, grand-master of Calatrava; cannot more effectually distress them than to make them return on the grand-master of St. James, with others. Of French, sir John foot;' but the grand-master would not consent.'We will not (lo de Ris; sir Geoffry de Ricon; sir Geof'ry de Partenay; sir Espaign- so,' said he:'if we have the horses, we will have their masters olet'd'Espaign; sir Reginald de Soulier, surnamed Linmousin, mar- also; for we will fight them; and therefore dismount; they canmot shal of the king of Castille's army. From Gascony and 13B6arn lay withstand our numbers.' While the Castillians were thus Ctuk luitlead, the lord de B3arn; the lord de Mortan; the lord de Brig- ing, our men, without paying any attention to their horses, s:ciimg a nolles; sir Raymond d'Euradh; sir Berchand de Varuge; sir John small brook in their rear, crossed it quietly, and posted theo ms(ives Asolme; sir Raymond de Valentin; sir Adam de Mourasse; sir on its bank. The enemy, having observed this, repented not 1 iLg Meuvent de Sarnment; sir Peter de Sarembihre, and many more, to instantly made the attack; but, thinking they could soon defeot the amount, in all, of upward of twelve hundred gentlemen, knights, them, they began the combat by lanching darts, and ivhatever else and squires. I will now name the most conspicuous of our party: they could lay hands on, so that it lasted from noon to eveninrg. first, the count de Novaire, constable of Portugal; Galopes Portelet; The constable, seeing the enemy had expended all their iartiliery, Peter Portelet, and Agalip Fernando Portelet his brother, who was and had not wherewitlhal to fight, crossed the rivulet, with his ban. by the king's side, at his bridle; le Pouuasse d'Acunha; Egeas nor displayed, and attacked them with lances. They were soon Toille de Podich d'Assue; Vasco Martin de Melx; his son Vasco broken and in disorder; for, being tired by the weight of tiheir Martin, who was kilied that day by a dart passing through his body. armror, they could not withstand our charge, nor, from weakoess, There were also among the dead, Gousselenas de Merlo; Alve Po- assist each other. They were speedily vanquished: the grand- nosrio, marshal of the army, an excellent knight; Radighos Pereira; ter, with sixty more, were left dead on the field, and the rest took. to John James de Salve; John Radigos, cousin to the king; Daminon- flight. We recovered our horses, and many others which the eas. desque; Radigo; Radiges de Valeronceaux, and Mendganes de tillians had rode thither. What is your opinion, my lord? did tout Valconsiaux." our men behave gallantly?" "That they did, by my faith," replied He was here interrupted by a burst of laughter from the duke; the duke. " By such feats of arms and conquests have the Portu and Lawrence asked, "My lord, what makes you laugh so heartily?" guese entered the career of glory, since the accession of don John Why, have I not sufficient cause? for I never in my life heard to the crown of Portugal. They say God is with them, and is their such a catalogue of strange names as you are repeating." " On my help in maintaining their rights. Indeed, my lord, they never fail faith," replied the squire, "these are all proper names in my coun- declaring that God is on their side; for, ever since the death of try; and we have some you would think more strange." " I be- king Ferdinand, in all matters of arms they have been concerned in, [lieve it," said the duke; "but, Lawrence, what became of the king whether of consequence or not, victory has been for them. The of Castille after this defeat? Did he never attempt to rally his men? count de Foix, who at this day is one of the most potent and wise Did hie shut himself up in any of his towns? Did not the king of lords, says, as we have been told by those from his country, that forPortugal pursue him?" "No, my lord, we remained that night on tune sides with Portugal; and that, if his knights would have listened the field of battle, and until noon the next day, when we marched to to him, they would never have left B3arn to fight against tihe king Leyria, and from thence to Coimbra. The king of Castille fled to of Portugal. Santarenm, where he entered a barge, and, followed by fourteen oth- "My lord, our king is wise and prudent; he fears and loves God, ers, embarked on board a large vessel, and went by sea to Seville, and has an affection for the church, which he exalts as much as is where the queen was. His army was dispersed in all directions, so in his power. He is frequently on his knees in his oratory anrd hear that it was impossible to rally them, for their loss had been great. ing divine service, and is very strict in never being disturbed while They will be long before they recover it: indeed they never will, at prayer, whatever may be the business. He is a learned marn and unless succored by the king of France.* It is to counterbalance understands some little of astronomy; but above all, he will Iha ve this alliance that the king of Portugal and his council have sent us justice administered impartially in his domninions, and the poor mainhither, to renew and strengthen our connection with the king of tained in their rights. I have now, my lord, told you everything, England and your lordship." The duke said, "Lawrence, you according to your request, relative to our king and country, as I was shall not leave this country without having satisfactory answers to charged to do when I left it; and you will give me such answers as carry back; but tell me about the engagement you hinted at, which may be agreeable to you." "Lawrence, I before told you, and I the Portuguese had with the Spaniards near Seville; for I love to now repeat it, that your coming hither and your conversation have hear of feats of arms, though I am no great knight myself." given me great pleasure. You shall not depart without having every "After the glorious victory which king John had gained at Aljuba- point of your demands fully answered." "I thank you, my lord," replied the squire. Upon this, the doors of the apartment were * Don John, in commemoration of this event, founded the beautifil monastery aad thrown open, and wines and spices were brought in, of which the church of Batalha. It has been magnificently described by Mr. Murphy; and I copy a note from his publication, patge 28. embassadors having partook, they departed to their h6tel of the Fal. " The following account is given of this battle by Emanuel de Faria, in his history con to repose themselves. of Portugal:'The king of Portugal, understanding the approach of the Castillians, drew together his forces from Coimbra, Oporto, and other places, and marched out of Guimaraens to give them battle. On tihe morning of the 14th August, 1385, lie entered C APT R X X. the plains of Aljubarota, where he knighted several gentlemen. The Castillians at first intended to march directly to Lisbon; yet, after some consultation, they resolved THE EMBASSADJORS FROM'ORTUGAL RETURN WITH SATISFACTOItY AN.to engage. The forces on both sides were very unequal: tihe Castillians are reported SWERS. THE DUKE OF LANCASTER EMBARKS ON AN EXIPEDITION TO to have been thirty thousand strong, and the Portuguese but six thousand five hundred, COV CASTILLE. besides having some local disadvantages. The sun was setting when these two unequal RECOVER CSTILE. armies engaged. The Castillians, at the first charge, broke the vanguard of the Por- NOT long after this conversation, the duke of Lancaster had a cont[uucse; but the king coruing up, his voice and example so reanimated his men, that in less than an hour the multitudinous army were put to the rout. The king of Cas- ference with his brother, the earl of Cambridge, on the affairs of tille, who headed his troops, being troubled with an ague, was forced to take horse to Castille and Portugal.' The earl, who had been in the latter coun. save himself. Mlost of the Portuguese who sided with Castille, and who were in front try upward of a year, said, that during the reign of don Ferdinand, of the army, were put to the sword, for no quarter was given them. The royal stand- when ho was in Potstrgal, the canon do Robersac, and sir William ard of Castille was taken: but many pretending to the honor, it could not be decided by whom. The number of the slain is not exactly known, though very great on the Windsor and other knights whom he had led thither, had told him part of the Castilians. Of their cavalry, three thousand are supposed to have perished, and marry persons of-distinction This is the famous battle of Aljubarota, so called. * Nunez Alvarez Pereira, wino was only twenty-four years of gae when he won the because it was fought near a village of that name.'" battle of Ajubarota.-ED. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. of the murmurs of the common people relative to the succession, and lord Willoughby, the lord Bradeston, sir William Farringtpn, sir John on this account had pressed him to carry away his son. "In God's d'Ambreticourt, sir Hugh Hastings, sir Thomas Worcester, sir Man. name," replied the duke, "the Portuguese squire'has informed me brun de Linieres, sir Lewis Rochester, sir John Sounder, sir Philip most circumstantially of all this matter; and we cannot gain a more Tickel, sir Robert Clinton, sir Hugh Calverley, David Holgrave, convenient entrance to Castille than through Portugal. Arragon is Thomas Allery, Hobequin Beaucester, and many others with pen. too distant, and, besides, the king of Arragon has always been more nons, without including the banners. There were more *than one attached to France than to us. It is not right, since Portugal asks thousand lances of knights, squires and good men-at-arms; two from us assistance, it should be refused." thousand archers, and one thousand stout varlets. It was the month A parliament was held at Westminster on this subject, when it of May when they embarked; and they had the usual fine weather was determined that the duke of Lancaster should have, at the pub. of that pleasant season. They coasted the isles of Wight and Guern. he expense, a thousand or twelve hundred lances, all chosen men, sey, so that they were distinctly seen from the Norman shores; and two thousand archers, and one thousand lusty varlets, and that they a fine sight it was, for there were upward of two hundred sail, It was should receive half a year's pay in advance. The king's uncles were delightful to observe the galleys, which had men-at.-arms on board, well satisfied with this grant: in particular, the duke of Lancaster, coast the shores in search of adventures, as they had heard the to whom, as the matter more nearly concerned him, the command of French fleet was at sea. In truth, they were out before they showed this army was given. To expedite the embassadors' return to Por-. themselves on the coast of Carentan; but, when they perceived them tugal, who were impatient to set out, the king of England wrote very approaching, they retired into the port of Havre. affectionate letters to the king of Portugal, declaring the strict union and intelligence he wished to subsist between the subjects of each kingdom. He made also magnificent presents to the grand-master CHAPTER XXXI. of St. James and Lawrence Fongasse, who were continually with the duke of Lancaster and earl of Cambridge. The day on which MANY FRENCH KNIGHTS AND SQUIRES OFFER THEIR SERVICES TO TBZ they took leave of the king and his council, they dined with the duke KING OF cASTILLE. of Lancaster and his brother, and had liberty to depart. I believe NOTHING happens but what is known, more particularly if relating the duke mentioned in his letters to the king of Portugal, as well as to deeds of arms; for knights and squires willingly converse on such to his embassadors, his wish that seven galleys, and from eighteen topics. The news of the defeat of the king of Castille at AIjuba. to twenty large vessels, might be sent from Portugal to the port of rota was soon spread abroad, and was known in France; for those Bristol, on the confines of Wales, where the duke and his army would who had lost their friends or relations loudly lamented them. Casembark. tille alone offered a field for deeds of arms, as it was rumored the The eanbassadors, having promised this should be performed, took duke of Lancaster, to support his claim on that crown, had assera. leave and set out for Southampton, where their vessel was waiting for bled a large army, and would march thither or to Portugal, and with. them. Having embarked, they put to sea with a favorable wind, and, out doubt there would be many battles. Some knights and squires, crossing the Spanish main, arrivei in five days at Oporto, where fortu- of the interior part of France, consulted together on this, and which nately the king was, and much rejoiced at their return. They re- was the best road to Castille. Several were of opinion, to march by lated to the king all they had seen and heard in England regarding land, to avoid the dangers of the sea, and of falling into the hands king Richard and his uncles, and, in confirmation, delivered letters of the English fleet; but others said, the road by land was long, and from them. The king of Portugal, impatient for the aid of the Eng- the intentions of the king of Navarre were not quite clear; for he lish to retaliate on the Spaniards, did not delay calling his council, was not much attached to France: that nation, he said, had robbed when it was resolved, that don Alphonso Vietat, high admiral of Por-. him of his lands in Normandy; but I know not if his complaints tugal, should get ready seven galleys and eighteen ships, to sail to were just. They were doubtful What road to take; for, should they EFngland, and bring back the duke of Lancaster and his army. Don go round by Arragon, they would never arrive at their journey's end. Alphonso was soon ready, and, setting sail from Oporto with favor- At length they resolved to embark from la Rochelle, where they able winds, arrived in six days at Bristol, where he anchored. freighted eighteen vessels, with their baggage and stores, but did not The duke was much rejoiced on hearing of his arrival, for he was take many horses with them. at the time in Wales, where the king and all his court were: he hast- When all was ready, and the wind favorable, they put to sea, and ened his preparations, as his knights, squires and archers were near made for the coast of Bayonne; for that was their line of direction. Bristol; he having provided at Bristol two hundred vessels to trans. They were three hundred knights and squires who had volunteered port them, under convoy of the Portuguese fleet, to the continent. on this expedition. Among them were the lord de Coursy, sir John It was intended by the duke that his duchess and daughters should Handoye, the viscount de la Verliere, sir Peter de Vellamines, sir accompany him to Castille and Portugal, where ie proposed nobly Guy le Baveux, sir John de Chatelmorant, the lord de St. Liger, sir marrying them; for he wished not to return very soon, and with James de Fougeres, the lord de Bellanes, sir Tristan de Langurant, reason, as he perceived affairs in England were badly managed, and the lord Barrois des Barres, with many more. They arrived without the young kinrg governed by wicked counsellors. This made him the accident, in the port of St. Andero, in Biscay, on the 4th day of May, more desirous of quitting the country. Before his embarkation, and 1386, where they rested themselves two days, and had their horses in the presence of his brothers, he appointed his son, Henry early of and baggage disembarked. When they had laden their horses, they Derby, his lieutenant for whatever concerned him during his absence, inquired where they could find the king of Castille, and were told and chose for him a set of able advisers. This Henry was a young that he was then at Burgos, holding a parliament on the affairs of the and handsome knight, son of the lady Blanche, first duchess of Lan- nation. On leaving St. Andero, they followed the road to Burgos caster. I never saw two such noble dames, so good, liberal, and and waited on the king, who was truly glad to see them, and asked courteous, as this lady and the late queen of England, nor ever shall, the news from France, and which way they had come. They re. were I to live a thousand years, which is impossible. plied, "By sea from la Rochelle," and that it was rumored in France When the duke of Lancaster had arranged his affairs in England, the duke of Lancaster had raised a very large force of men-at-arms and had taken leave of the king and his brothers, he came to Bris. and archers, to lead into Castille or Portugal; that it was not known tel where he tarried fifteen days, until his horses, to the amount of where he intended to land, but that the king of Portugal had sent more than two thousand, and his stores, were safely embarked, with to him many ships and galleys. ample provision of hay, straw, oats, and fresh water. The duke The king, on hearing this, became pensive, although it was what then entered a handsome galley, having, beside it, a large vessel for he expected, and did not at this meeting display his courage; for he his household and the duchess, who had consented, with great cour- perceived, from every appearance, he should have a severe war made age, to accompany him on this expedition; for she expected, on her on him. However, he entertained the knights very handsomely, and arrival in her native country, or at least before her return, to be queen thanked them much for coming. Addressing himself to sir Robert of Castille. She had with her her own daughter Catherine, and two de Braquemont, and his brother, sir John de Braquemont, he said, "I other daughters of the duke by his former marriage, called Isabella desired you both, when you left me last year, that, on your return, and Philippa. Isabella" was married to sir John Holland, constable you would bring me from Paris some tennis balls, that we might of the army. The marshal of the host, sir Thomas Moreaux, was amuse ourselves at that game; but I believe it would have been also married to another daughter of the duke of Lancaster; but she better I had desired you to bring good helmets and armor; for I was a bastard, and mother to the lady Morielle, Demoiselle Marie de fancy we shall soon have much need of them." "Sire," replied the St. Hilaire de Hauman.t The lord Percy was admiral of the fleet. lord de Braquemont, "we have brought both; for we can neither Among the knights who followed the duke of Lancaster were sir fight nor play continually." In truth, the king of Castille showed Evan Fitzwarren, the lord Lucy, sir Henry Beaumont, the lord de great attention to these knights, feasted them well, and liberally supPommiers, sir Richard Burley, the lord Talbot, the lord Basset, sir plied them with everything they wanted. Some of them having William Windsor, sir Thomas Tresham, sir Hugh Despenser, the vows to perform, wished to make a pilgrimage to the shrine of St. James at Saint Jago, since they were in the country; and all of them * Her name was Elizabeth. Sir John Holland was created earl of Huntingdon and set out in company, having armed themselves as if they were going duke of Exeter. She was, after his death, married to sir John Cornwall, lord Fanhope, to battle: it was fortunate for them they had done so; and whoever but had no issue by him. By sir John Holland she had a son (John) who succeeded his father. had advised them showed prudence, as you will see hereafter: but I T I cannot explain who this lady is: nor can I find anywhere, but in Froissart, men must now return to to the duke of Lancaster, and his fleet, whozi tion made.f"this natural daughter of John of Gaunt, nor of the marriage with sir The we left coasting Normandy. raas Moreaux. Stowe says, sir Richard Burghley was constable of the duke's army, and after him dir Thomas de Ia Moleneaux. 400O CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. It was fully the intention of the English to return the next day and C H ARP ~T ~ER x x x i ~conquer the blockhouse with its garrison, for it was in their power' and in this idea they passed the night comfortably, as they had where. THE DUKE OF LANCASTER, IN HIS VOYAGE TO CASTILLE, ATTACKS TIlE withal so to do. There is an old saying, that " John is as wise as FRENCHI BEFORE BREST, AND FORCES THESI TO RAISE THE BLOCKADE. his master," which I repeat, because, if the English are subtle in war, the Bretons match them; for they were equally clear-sighted as to JUST as pilgrim falcons, who have long rested hungry on their C what Was to their advantage, and what not. They saw, if they perch, are desirous of flight in search of prey, (if I may use the corn- wht h as to their advantage, and what not. They saw, if the wished to avoid death or captivity, theta was no time to be lost in parison,) were those English knights and squires impatient to try. packing up their baggage and leaving the blockhouse. They intheir arms in the field. As they coasted Normandy, they said to "Wilhy do we not disemibark in some of thiese Norman stantlv made themselves ready, and, mounting their horses, rode each other, " Why do we not disembark in some of these Norman each other, ~~~~~~~~~toward Hennebon, which was four leagues distanlt. They acted ports, where we shall meet with knights ready to offer us combat?" At towl hennebon, which was four leagues dstat. They acted wisely.; for they were not afraid of a pursuit, as the English had not last, tlhese speeches reached the ears of the duke, who knew well not afraid of a ursuit, as the English had not bei'fore he left England, that sir John de Malestroit, the lord de Mal- disembarked any of their horses. estroit, the lord de Camber, Morfonace, with a number of other Sir John de Malestroit and his companions arrived safely in Hen knights and squires from Brittany, had blockaded Brest, under the tsebon, the gates of which they found open, without any s~;pipcion of knights a qirsfomBitaydbokaeret t the Englislh being so near. On the morrow, the trumpets sounded command of the constable; so that when he learnt the eagerness for a renel of the attack, and they were anxious to mke up for his knights expressed for some deeds of arms, he ordered his admiral, their forced retreat of the preceding day; but the news was brought the lord Thomas Percy, and his constable, lord John Holland, to steer that the Pretons had evacuated the blockhouse. The English re that the Bretons had evacuated the blockhouse. The English re. the fleet toward Brittany, for he wished to visit the castle of Brest, and his countrymen who were within it. This order gave great joy pented sorely not having laid an ambush, to have prevented the loss and his countrymen who were within it. This order gave groat joy o hi Thiso~dl~gve re~i"Y of their pr~ey. T'im lords sent varlets to destroy the blockrhouse, and to the English; and don Alphonso Vietat, who was admiral-in-chief, set it heiipe- Te lords sent varlets to destroy the blockhouse, and set it on fire. Thus was the siege of Brest raised by the duke of and well acquainted with these dangerous seas, took the lead, for the Lnlcaster. The duke, sir John Holland, and some of the other rest of the fleet to follow him. The weather was now delightful, rest of the fleet to follow him. T ohe weather was now delighet ul, knights, went to the castle of Brest, carrying the ladies with them, and the sea so calm, it was a pleasure to be on it: the fleet advanced where they had refreshments, and then returned to their quarters. witlh al easy sail, and arrived at the mouth of irest harbor, where, On the morrow, being the third day, they had their vessels watered; waiting for the tide they entered it in safety. The clarions and trum- on the esing theye ak a d their vonge pets sounded sweetly from the barges and the castle. Sir John d he ensuing day they embarked and continued their voyage Malestroit and his companions were seated at table when the news was brought them of the arrival of the English fleet: they instantly leaped up and armed themselves. They knew that, as soon as the CHAPTER XXXIII. duke of Lancaster had landed, they should have an engagement; for the English were come to raise the blockade. TIHE DUKE OF LANCASTER ARRIVES AT CORUNA IN GALICIA. THE FRENCI, They were not long in maling themselves ready, and amounted IN THE SERVICE OF ~PAIN, ENTER THE CASTLE TO OPPOSE HIM. THET SIOL ATl E DEFEAT AVPRT) OF H rISENE FORAERCSTL ors~m.Tn to about three hundred men-at-arms, knights, and squires. The SORTLY FTER DEFET A PATY OF IS FOGES. English were rejoiced at finding themselves in Brest harbor, and that BEFORE the duke sailed from Brest, ho held a council to deternine the Bretons were still guarding their blockhouse; for they were whether they should steer for Lisbon, Oporto, or Corufia. To this aware an engagement must ensue, and they were tlirsty for battle. council the Portuguese admiral and his captains were called, and it The duke of Lancaster and his men landed as near as possible to lasted some time. Don Alphonso Vietat said, that ie Iad beel or" thle castle, hut left their horses and stores on board their ships. The dered to England for their Service by the king of Portugal, by wIlon!adi_. 11-owewer', went on shore to repose themselves. The first Iday lad. oweer, ent on shore to repose t selves. The first a they would be made heartily welcome, should they land in his counthey Isade no attack, only marched out of their quarters, when some _try; for he was expecting them, and would be much gratified by tlheir of the lords fixed their tents and pavilions on the harbor side and coing. Upon this, tsey dtermined to make for Oporto, which is near the castle, where they remained that day and the following c~l 6 near the castle, where they remained that day and the followin but thirty leagues from Lisbon; but they altered their mind, saying night. On the morrow, the constable and marshal's trumpets sounded it would be more honorable to land on the enemy's coast, and that for the army to make ready for an assault. When all were armed, by so doing they should the more alarm them. Tsey then steered they marched in good array toward the castle and blockhouse whlich for Coruna, ald, having a favorable wind, were not more than five hIad been raised in frolt of it. This was so solidly built, it would days sailing thither from Brest: they cast anchor in the road, to wait have lasted nine or ten years; for it was surrounded with ditches, for tie tide, as it was too low water when they arrived to approach and had walls, towers and gates of strong timber, near tle shore.'rhe English knights, on their arrival, began to skirmish gallantly I will now speak of the French knights, sir Barrois des Barres, sir at the barriers of the blockhouse, and attempted to win them. The John de ChAtelmorant, the brothers de Braquemont, and the rest, knights and squires within, and there were numbers of good ones, who had been sent out on a pilgrimage to St. Jago de Compostella. vigorously defended themselves; and in order to gain more roomn, After they had made their offerings and prayers to the shrine of St they took away the palisades, which was foolish enough, but they James, and were sitting at their inn, news was brought by those who trusted to their slkill and valor. Many were the fine deeds of arms were guarding the coasts, that the English fleet was in sight, and and much pushing with lances, and those fared the best Iwho could showed a disposition to land at Corufia. Before their baggage was the longest hold their wind. The English, being so numerous, gave unloaded, or the saddles had been taken from their horses, they the Bretons flIll employment, and, by -lint of courage, won the bar- mounted again, saying, they must hasten back to Corufia, to defend riers: within the court of the blockhouse were upward of one hun-s the port; for, shlould the English unfortunately gain the castle and dred, so that the Bretons were on the point of losing everything. town, they would be masters of the whole country. Some of the Sir John de Malestroit and the viscount de Cambor, secing this, knights borrowed horses at St. Jago, and made such dispatch as to shouted their cry, and said, "How, gentlemen, shall we be thus over- arrive at Corufia that night, though it was fourteen country leagues comne? Advance, advance, and push with vigor, for there must be distant, and a difficult road to find. They got there very opportunely, no sham-fighting here: we have only the choice of death or victory." just as the English fleet was entering the harbor. The garrisons in Upon this they rallied, and, placing the ends of their lances in the town and castle were well pleased at the coming of the French ground, made an obstinate resistance to those who had driven them knights, whose baggage and armor followed in the course of the within thle barriers. Hard blows were given on each side; but the night. It was a fnlue sight, on the morrow, to view all the ships and Engflish, whether they would or not, were forced to retire, and were galleys enter the port laden with men.at-arms and purveyances, with beaten back out of the court, so thatduring the day they could not trumpets and clarions sounding; and those signals were answered, by regain it. way of defiance, by the trumpets and clarions of the castle. The On the other side of the blockhouse was a stone tower situated on English from this knew there were good garrisons in both town and a rock, which the Bretons had garrisoned. A severe attack was castle, and that the French had possession of the castle. made on it by the English; for, while the fight was going on at the The lords and their men landed on the shore, but did not approach barriers, they had crossed a narrow ditch, and, with pick-axes, ad- the town, as it was too well fortified, and seemed filled with men-at. vanced up to the walls, where they had began to work and force out arms. They, however, took up their lodgings in some huts of' fisher. the stones. Those within defended themselves well with what they men and seafaring men on the outside of the walls. They were'could lay hands on; but the archers shot so sharply that none dared forced to build other huts, as they were so numerous; and tile fout show themselves unless strongly shielded. The pick-axe men con- first days after their landing they were thus employed, as well as ir tinued their work, until the tower, which leaned much on that side clearing the vessels of their stores and purveyances, which were in (for they had undermined the foundation) opened in two parts. The great quantities, and in disembarlking their horses. They had been garrison saved themselves in the ruins of what remained, for one-half fifteen days on board; and though they were plentifully supplied with fell to the ground. On this, the English set up a grand shouting; hay, oats, and fresh water, yet the rolling of the sea had as much but, it being now late, the trumpets sounded the retreat, as they im- affected them as it had done their masters, which made it needful to atined they had done enough for one day. When they marched walk them about and take every care of them. When the ships had away, they said to the Bretons, "Gentlemen, keep a good watch to been entirely cleared, the duke was asked his pleasure conerniing uight, and stay where you are, for to-morrow we will visit you again: them. He replied, "Let all the sailors be well paid, and take the,ou see well what situation you are in, and that you have nothing to ships for t. eir pains: I shall dismiss thsem, for I wish all the woril shelter you from us." to know that I shall never recross the sea to England until I be mau CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 404 ter of Cpstille or die in the attempt." These orders were obeyed; the barriers, where he found the captain and some of tlhe townsmen and the sailors being paid to their satisfaction, made sail, some to waiting. The marshal dismounted, with twelve others, among ghorn Portugal, Lisbon, Bayonne, Brittany, or England, as they pleased, but were the lord Basset and sir WVi'liam Farringdon, and addressed him none remained behind. The duke of Lancaster and his army were as follows: " Captain, and you men of St. Jago, tile duke, and lodged in huts covered with leaves, or in such houses as they met duchess of Lancaster your queen, (she being the eldest daughter of with, and remained hefore Corufia upward of a month amusing them-. Don Pedro your late king,) send me to know how you mean to act: selves; for the chief lords had brought hounds for their pastime, and to open y.'I gates and receive them as your legal sovereigns, as good hawks for the ladies. They had also mills to grind their corn, and subjects ought to do,; or force me to assault your walls, and take ovens to bake; for they never willingly go to war in foreign coun- your town by storm. But know, that if you suffer the place to be tries without carrying things of that description with them. stormed, all within shall be put to the sword, that others may take The foragers went daily in search of what forage they could find; warning." The captain replied; "We wish to follow the dictates for, as they were in a poor deserted country, it was not very plenti- of reason, and acquit ourselves loyally toward those to whom we oAwe ful, which forced them to seek it at a distance. The French knights obedience. We know well that the duchess of Lancaster is daughter at Corufia were eager to meet their enemies; and having learnt how to don Pedro of Castille; and if that king had reigned peaceably in foolishly unguarded the foragers were, said, they would some day or Castille, she was heiress to his crown; but things are altered; for other catch them, and make them pay, once for all, for what they the whole kingdom turned to the obedience of his brother, king had pillaged. They armed themselves, to the number of about two Henry, by the success of the battle of MdnteiI: we all swore fidelity hundred, and, mounting their horses, were conducted by guides, at to him; and he was acknowledged king as long as he lived: after night-fall, through woods, and over mountains, until they came to a his decease we all swore obedience to don John, his son, who reigns mountain, called in that country Espinete, by break of day, where at this moment. Tell us how those of Corulia acted; for it is im. they halted; for they had learnt that the English foragers were out possible but that, during the month you lay before that place, some in that part. The foragers had been absent from their army two negotiations and treaties were concluded." Sir Thomas Moreaux days, collecting as much as they could carry, and were on their re- answered; "You speak truly: we have had indeed negotiations turn to Corunfia: but their only road lay over this mountain of Es- with those of Corufia, otherwise we should not have marched hither, pinete. The instant they came there, the French knights rushed though that town is double the strength of yours. I will tell you upon them, shouting out, "Les Barres for the Barroels!" The fora- what they have done: they have entered into a composition with us,, gers were thunderstruck; for the greater part were unarmed: there by declaring they will act in the same manner as you do; but, if you' might be six score archers, who gallantly drew themselves tip in ar- force us to the assault, they will not follow that example. If Galicia ray, and wounded, with their arrows, both horses and riders. When surrender to my lord duke and his lady, they will surrender also; for they had expended their arrows, they flung down their bows, and de- which they have given us such pledges as are satisfactory." fended themselves as well as they could with the other arms they " Well," replied the captain, " we will agree to this: there ae' had: some fled and hid themselves, in hopes of escaping. Why many large towns and cities in the realm: ride on, therefore, and' should I make a long story? Of the three hundred foragers, full two leave us in peace; for we will act as they shall, and give you good& hundred were slain; the rest saved themselves, as well as they could, security for our performing it." " Oh, this will never do," said the; among bushes and racks, where no horse could venture. The runs marshal: "such a treaty will by no means please the duke and& ways fled to Corufia and related their misfortune, and how sir Bar duchess; for they are resolved to reside in this town, and keep their:: rois des Barres and his company had discomfited them. state as monarchs should in their own kingdoms. Answer me. The army was much surprised at this; and sir Thomas Moreaux, briefly what you mean to do: surrender, or have yourselves and, the marshal, had five hundred, or more, instantly armed and mounted, town destroyed?" " My lord," said the captain, "allow us a little' when, taking the pennon of St. George, he galloped off with them time to consult together, and you shall be speedily answered." "I[ toward the mountain of Espinet'e, to meet the French. When there consent," said the marshal. Thile captain then withdrew into the arrived, he only perceived the slaughtered foragers; for the French town, and assembled the inhabitants at the usual place where public' had returned by the road they had conie; but had they not had good meetings were held, and related to them the conversation that had. guides, they would never have found it through the inclosures. The passed between him and the marshal. I believe the townsmen at English, on their return, when within half a league of their army, last consented to receive the dulke and duchess as their monarchs,: saw the French reenter the castle of Coruila, which vexed them and to entertain them as such in their town as long as they might. much: but help it they could not. The army blamed the marshal please to reside there, if don John, king of Castille, did not, with his, for'having suffered the foragers to go without an escort of men-at- power, attack them. But if it should happen that after they had arms, when the enemy was so near, and in such numbers. The made St. Jago their residence for a year, or a longer time, according' constable and duke of Lancaster were so sharp with him, he was to their pleasure, and should depart from the country, for England,: quite ashamed: he said, that they had been caught, to be sure, this Bordeaux or Bayonne, or wherever else they may prefer, the duke once, though they had foraged ten times before without any inter- must engage to leave behind a sufficient force of men-at-arms to de. ruption. "Sir Thomas," said the duke," be more cautious in future; fend them against their enemies, otherwise they would surrender the' for such things may fall out in one day or hour as may not happen town to don John of Castille, and hold themselves acquitted of alle.. again in a century." glance to the dulke. Sir Thomas Moreaux cheerfully accepted these terms, and told them they had well spoken, and to the purpose, and' that the duke and duchess wished for nothing better. The marshal' C IH A P T E R X X X I V. returned to his division, and to the duke and duchess, who were, waiting for him on the plain; to whom he related all that had passed,. THE DUKE OF LANCASTER, AFTER REMAINING BEFORE CORUNA UPWARD and the treaty he had concluded, to which they assented, saying it. OF A MONTH, MARCHES HIS ARMY TO SAINT [AGO, WttICeI SURRENDERSaasncut g was well done. ON CAPITUtLATION. The army was advancing gayly in battle array toward the town of: WHEN the duke of Lancaster had remained before Corufia upward St. Jago: when about two French leagues from the place, they were of a month, as I have before said, and when his men and horses were met by a long procession of the clergy, bearing relics, crosses and quite recovered, he was advised to march toward St. Jago, where streamers, and crowds of men, women and children, and the principal there was a richer and more open country for his cavalry. The army inhabitants carrying the Ikeys of the town, which they pr6sented on dislodged from before Coruiia, and marched in three battalions. The their Iknees, with much seeming good-will, to the duke and' duchess marshal led the van, of three hundred lances and six hundred archers; (but whether it was frigned or not, I cannot say,) and acknowledged then marched the duke with four hundred spears, accompanied by them for'their king and queen. Thus they entered thle town of St, all the ladies. The rear was composed of four hundred lances and Jago, and rode directly to the church of St. James, where the duke, seven hundred archers, accompanied by the constable sir John Hol- duchess, their children and attendants, kneelinig,'offered up their land. They marched very slowly, and were three days in going prayers to the holy body of' St. Jhmes, and' made rich gifts at the from Corufia to St. Jago. You must know, that the province of altar. It was told me that the duke, duchess, and the ladies, Galicia was much alarmed at the arrival of the duke of Lancaster; Constance and Philippa, were lpoged in the Abbey, and there held for they remembered his power well. When the marshal and the their court. Sir John Holland and sii' Thomas Moreaux, vwith their van came before the town of St. Jago de Compostella, where the ladies, were lodged in the town: ihe other barons and knights as body of St. James reposes, and which many make such long journeys they codld, and the men-at-arms oi thd plains round the town. Those to visit, he found the gates shut, as might have been supposed. There whocould not find'houses, built themselves huts covered with boughs, was no other garrison but its inhabitants; for the French knights re- of which theie wbre plenty in the country, and made themselves fused taking upon them the defence of it, to thile last extremity, as it comf6rtable with what'the' coluld get. Meat and strong wines were was not strong enough to withstand the force under the duke of in abundana'e; of Which the archers drank so much that they were Lancaster. The marshal sent forward a herald, to hear what the for the greater part of their time in bed drunk; and very often, by townsmen would say. The herald found at the barriers the captain drinking too miuch new wine, they had fevers, and in the morning of the guard, called don Alphonso Sene, and said to him, "A few such headaches as to'prevent them from doing anything the remain paaces hence is the marshal of my lord of Lancaster's army, who der of the daty;'for it was now the vintage. would wish to speak with you." "I am very agreeable to it; let him advance, and I will parley with him." The herild returned to the marshal with this answer. The marshal left his army, with only twenty lances, and rode to ~et ~ CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. The king replied, "You have advised me leyaliy, and I sk..l in. C H A P T E R X X X V. stantly follow your' counsel, atd order, without fiurhchr consui.ation, THE FRENCH KNIGHTS LEAVE CORONA AND JOIN THlE KING OF CASIILLE. all such forts to be demolished as are not tinable, and make you a THa~Y ACQUIIRE MIUCH1 WEALTHt BY PLUNDERING THE COU:NTRY, IN OR.THEY ACQtTIRE MUvCH WE~ALTHI BY PLUNDERING: THE COUNTRY', IN OR- present of whatever may be found in them.': The kI:ights said, he DER TO FRUSTRATE TIHE ENGLISH. had well spoken, that they would attend ti thiat business, and assis' him in defending and preserving his realm. Th'is gift of the king 0 SIR John de Chttelmorant, le Barrois des Barres, and the other Castille to the knights from France r.n thiose about his porson, was French knights who had guarded Corufia, hearing that the duke of worth to them two hundred thousand ~taics, especially to those first. Lancaster had been peaceably received in St. Jago, held a council comers, who had thrown theinbeltes into Conna when the duke o1 on what they should do, saying, " It does not signify for us to re- Lancaster had arrived, and pvrsued his match to St. Jago. main here any longer, since we shall meet with no fortunate adven- All the small forts, churches, snd towets, which had been enbat tures: let us nmarch to Burgoes, where the king is, and learn from fled in Castille, were abandoned and destroyed, ano the poor pea. him what his intentions are perhaps he may be going to meet the sants disappointed in their eLpcctations of having therein deposited English; for, if he allow them quietly to establish themselves, by their wealth and stock in tafaty; for the knights and squires went degrees they will be lords of Castille. It will be more for our honor thither with their men, and seized on all the wines, corn, and cattle, to go to him than to stay here." They accordingly made prepara- and drove them to their quarters; but the gold and silver -which tions, and leaving the castle, procured guides to conduct them to they fonnd, and the sums the made the peasants pay for their ranBurgos; otherwise they would probably have fallen it with their soms, or to have their stock back'again, vent into their own pur, enemies. They rode through Biscay, and skirted Galicia to Leon, unknown to any one hut themselves. Some of the poorer squires, where the king and queen at that time resided. When these knights more bold and cunning than the rest (for there are always some of waited on the king, he received them very kindly, and inquired from that sort,) who had left thair homes miserably mounted or on foot, them the news, although he knew enough. They told him of their were so active that they had now fine coursers and genets for plea. opportune arrival at Corofia, as the English fleet was entering the sure, with five or six silver girdles, and purses with a thousand or harbor, wherein they found seven galleys and ships of Biscay, laden two of francs in them. Thus did these companions, who first en. with wine, of which the English took advantage; fot the merchants tered Castille, trake forttnes which the fiat couttries paid; for every were soon eased of the whole. "It is thus in war," replied the place was rifled atd devoured even by their own countrymen, who king: " they were unwise, when they heard the English fleet were would 0ot that their enemies should be any gainers by their inva. at sea, not to run somewhere else for salfety." 1"In God's name, sion. When it was told in France how poor lnights and sqiiree sir," returned the lnigihts, "they had come thither for security: they were enriching themselves in Castille, where they spared neither thi said, their cargoes of wine were f0or Flanders, add havingr heard from lands of friends nor those of their foes, their companions were more the sailors of Saint Andelrothat the Etsglish were in the IBay of Bis- eager than ever to leave France, in the hopes of being sharers with cay, and that the king of Portugal had sent them large ships and gal- them. leys, it was natural to conclude they would have steered for Portugal; but they did the contrary, as it appears, and landing at Corufia, CH PE VI. have entered Galicia." Upon this the kingsaid, "Now, you knights fronm France, who are so well acquainted with arms, and know more GREAT PIEPARATIONS ARE MADE TIHROUGHOUT FRANCE FOR THE INVASION about warlike matters than my subjects, from being so long trained OF ENGLAND. THE DEATH OF FRANCIS ATREMEN. to them, what aro your opinions of the English? how do you think THE king of France, is uncles, and council, had een well in 1-1 ~~~~~THE king of France, his uncles, and council, had been well in. they will act this season?" "By my faith," said some, (for all formed of the intended expedition of the duke of Lancaster before i..gave their opinions) "1we cart but ill judge what they will do, for the gve their opiions) "e can but ill udge what they ill do, or the he had sailed from England (for fame spreads all things abroad,) English are very reserved; and we can only guess how they will atd that it was meant against Castilte. It was for this reasot the act, or hither they will mach. We must suppose that the duke of duke of Burgundy had concluded so easily a peace wits the Flemings,,a?~mcater whitle remawinll tchensigwtriS. Weoan his 9Lanicaster will remain all the ensuintg winter in St. Jago, and his and in order that the king of Castille might have assistance; for the zarmy thereabouts; whence he will overrus Galicia, conquer some king of France was bound to aid him, as he had always succored,small forts, and lay in stores of provision, until the return of summer, France when called upon, wits men and ships. Add to this the,when treaties will be formed between him and the king of Portubal, great desire the young king of France had ever shown to invade i or them to act ia concert. Perh~aps a farnily-'alliance may take" r the to act in concert. Perps a fmilalliance ay England with a powerful army and navy. In this he was joined place; for you will observe that the duke has brought with him his by all the chivalry of the realm, but especially by the duke of Burdaughters, those that are mnarried as well as th others: now, as there gundy, the constable of France, and the count de St. Pol, although i h are two unmarried, we imnagine the king of Pe-tugal, your adversary, had married king Richard's sister, as well as by the lord de Courcy. will have one of them." "What would you advise me to do?" said These lords said, "~Why should not we, for once, malte a visit to the king. "We will tell you sire," replied the knights; "order all England to see the country and its inhabitants, and learn the way -your strongest castles on the borders of Galicia to be well guarded, thither, as the English have done in France? This year, therefore, and destroy the smaller ones. We learn that it is the customn of this 1386, we will go thither, as well to break up the expedition of the country to fortify churches and towers, whereto the inhabitants )f duke of Lancaster, and force him to return home, as to give alarm:the flat countries carry their wealth and stock. This will turn out to the English, and see how they will behave." Greater armaments.to their destruction and the confusion of your kingdom; for when were made in France than had hitherto been done. Heavier taxes the English talke the field, these churches and towers will prove no were imposed on all the towns and country than for one hundred obstacle to them: on the contrary, they will be recruited from the years, and such sums had never been raised, nor were ever greater victual they will there find, and continue the war with more vigor, pteparations made by sea and land. The whole summer, until Sepand conquer the remainder. We therefore advise you to destroy all tember, was employed in grinding flour, and malking biscuit in Ar. such lilke forts, while you have time so to do, and to give up all, that ras, Bethune, Lille, Douay, Amiens, St, Omer, and in all the towns;is not secured in large and strong towns, by Michaelmas, or at the near to Sluys; for it was the plan of the king to embarlk at Sluys, latest by Andrew's day, to your men-at-arms; for it is better they sail for England, and destroy the whole country. Many of the rich should have the advantage and profit than your enemy. We advise men of France were forced to pay a third or fourth of their property, you, in particular, to send some well-informed embassadors to the in order to build vessels of a sufficient size; and the poorer sort'king of France, and to his uncles of Berry and Burgundy, that they were taxed as much as they were worth, to pay the men-at-arms. may be made acquainted with the real state of your country, and There was not a vessel of any size from the port of Seville to Prus. that by the return of summer, or sooner if the season permit ns to sis, that the French could lay their hands on, but was seized, by fair',take the field, you may wage such a war as was never before made or foul means, for the king of France. Provisions arrived from all in Castille. Write pressing letters to the king and his uncles, that quarters. Very great quantities of wine, salted meats, oats, t'usses'they may issist you in this necessity with such numbers of men-at- of hay, onions, veijuice, biscuit, flour, butter, the yolks of eggs in arms that you may resist your enemies and preserve your kingdom. powder, and rammed in barrels, and every other necessary, were'There is a strong connection between you and the king of France, sent from Flanders; so that, in future times, those who have not which was first made by your predecessor and father; and you may been eye-witnesses will never believe the accounts. be assured, that in your distress neither the king nor realm of France, Lords and knights, at great distances, were written to, to request which can do no more than England and Portugal united, will desert they would accompany the king of France in this expedition; even'you. Believe us, that as soon as the king and his council shall learn as far as Germany, Savoy, and the lands of the count d'Armagnac.,your situation,they will take such steps as will prevent you from The earl of Savoy was retained with five hundred lances; as were receiving any loss in this war; for know, thut those French knights also the count d'Armagnac and the dauphin of Auvergne; and, be. and squires, who are desirous of glory, will, at the slightest word, cause these lords were so distant, they sent before them vast provision hasten hither to seek it; for at this moment they lonow not where to of stores: and it was wonderful to see the quantity of costly articles employ their arms. We mention this, because there is now a. peace that came to Flanders, byland and sea, through Damme, Bruges and between the French and the Flemings, and a truce with the English Sluys. and Fr-nch on the other side the Loire until St. John the Baptist's When St. John's day was come, all the great vessels in Holland, ~day ensuing You will therefore see men-at-arms, knights and Zealand, Middleburgh, Dordrecht, Schoenhoven, Leydein, the Brille, sequires, fly hither from France, as well to advance their own honor and other places near the sea, were sought for, to carry this army?as~to see'this country and meet the English. But, sire, we particu- from Sluys; but the Hollanders and the rest said, thatif they wanted lIatly recommend the destruction of these small forts, if you wish to their vessels or their services, thsy milst pay them down the Stlum preserve your country." CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 4a3 agreed )n, otherwise they would not stir. They were wise in so I will not, so I bid you adieu." " It will not so happen," replied doing; for they were instantly paid, before they would leave their Francis, "for my lord of Burgundy has pardoned all, and offers me, houses or harbors. Never, since God created the world, were there if I choose to reside with him, to be equerry of his stables with four seen such numbers of large ships as filled the harbors of Sluys and horses at my command, and shows me, as well as tile lord Guy de Blanckenburgh: for, when they were counted, in the month of Sep- la Tremouille and the other knights of his household, every mark of tember, this same year, they were twelve hundred and eighty-seven affection." " In God's name," said Peter, " I do not speak of my ships. Their masts, on coming from sea, appeared like a thick lord of Burgundy, nor of his knights, for they are well inclined to torest. keep peace, but of the Ghent men. There are some {o whom )ou The constable's ship was building at Treguier, in Brittany; and have not always behaved well: have you forgotten the lord de Iliarthe constable had there constructed a town of frame-work, of large zelles, whom you caused to be assassinated, and such and such timber, which was to be put together, on their landing in England, others? Know, that the revenge of their relations will fall on you for the lords to retreat to as a place of safety, and to be lodged therein, within a short time, if you remain take my advice: rather than to prevent any danuer that might arise from nightly attacks. This live here, accept the duke's offer." I will consider of this," antown was so constructed, that, when they dislodged, it could be taken swered Francis; "but I am determined not to go to England." to pieces, roofs and all; and many carpenters and other workmen, Thus the conversation ended. Francis Atremen staid in Flanders, who had been employed on it, were engaged, at very high wages, to and Peter du Bois, as you have before heard, went with lord Bour attend the properly taking it to pieces and erectingit again. I never chier to England. What followed you shall hear. Soon after peace heard the name of the duke of Brittany, nor had he laid up in Flan- had been declared throughout Flanders, an edict was published in all ders stores of any kind, nor of the duke of Touraine, the king's towns dependent on the duke of Burgundy, forbidding any one youngest brother, nor of the count de Blois, as among the number of whatever to wear armor or swords, or to have arms carried by their those who were to accompany the king on this occasion. But all followers. could not go: it was necessary some should remain behind in France, Francis Atremen, during the war of Ghent, had been one of its to guard the realm. principal rulers, and one who had the most attention paid him. Whoever had been at Damnme, Bruges or Sluys, at this time, and Whenever he walked the streets, he was followed by thirty or forty had seen how busily all were employed in loading the vessels with varlets, who were well pleased at any orders he chose to give them. hay in trusses, garlic, onions, biscuit in sacks, pease, beans, cheese- He had kept this state so long, that he was loth to give it up, and bowls, barley, oats, rye, wheat, wax-candles, housings, shoes, boots, was desirous of being followed by three or four armed with swords helmets, spurs, knives, hatchets, wedges, pick-axes, hooks, wooden or defensive staves. When this proclamation of the duke of Burpegs, boxes filled with ointments, tow, bandages, coverlids for sleep- gundy was made, he never imagined it in any way concerned him, ing on, horseshoe nails, bottles of verjuice and vinegar, iron, stone- so much did he fancy himself in favor with the duke and the town ware, pewter and wooden pots and dishes, candlesticks, basins, but he was mistaken; for seven or eight days after the publication vases, fat pigs, hasters, kitchen furniture, utensils for the buttery, and of the edict, the duke's bailiff came to him and said, " Francis, you for the other offices, and every article necessary for man or beast, seem suspicious and afraid of our lord's officers, or why do you now would have been struck with astonishment. The eagerness and go armed through the town of Ghent, followed by your varlets, armed pleasure were so great in the beholding it, that, had any one had a also with swords as in times of war? We are much displeased fever or a toothache, he would have got rid of them by running from thereat, and command you, in the name of the duke and duchess of one place to another. The conversations which were overheard be- Burgundy, that you lay them aside." Francis, whoin fact meant no tween the French showed they considered England would be ruined ill, but kept up this state through pomp, replied, "LBailiff, I shall and destroyed beyond resource, the men put to death, and the wo- willingly obey your orders, as is right; for, thank God, I bear no men and children carried in slatvery to France. malice nor wish evil to any one; but I thought I was so well conThe king of England and his council were duly informed of these sidered in the town, that I might have had my sword and armor grand preparations; and it was confidently affirmed and believed borne after me without its being objected to." " You are mistaken," that the French would not fail to invade the country, as they had said the bailiff: "it is the townsmen, to whom you have done so sworn they would do so. It is not strange that such formidable pre- many services, who have interfered, and tell me they are surprised parations should require the utmost attention, nor would it be matter how I suffer it; for it seems to them you want to renew a war, for of much surprise if the English were at first much alarmed; for, which they have no inclination. I therefore beg of you, Francis, immense as these armaments were, they were greatly magnified; that you will so act, as that I may hear no more of it, for if you do and it was not certain whether they were meant to invade England not observe the edict, I shall look on you as an enemy to the duke or attack Calais by sea and land; for the English knew well there and duchess of Burgundy." was not a town the French were more desirous of regaining than The bailiff of Ghent departed. Francis Atremen returned to his Calais. On this account, great stores of corn and other grain, salted house, and ordered his varlets to lay aside their arms. He became meat and fish, wines, and brandies, were sent from England to Ca- melancholy; and, for the greater part of the times he went abroad, lais. Sir Thomas Holland, earl of Kent, sir Hugh Calverley, sir it was alone, or having one varlet or a boy attending him. Not long William Elmham, the earl of Angus, sir Walter Warren, sir Walter after this conversation with the bailiff, a festival was kept at the Paul, sir William Touchet, sir Lewis de Montalban, sir Colars d'Am- monastery of St. Peter, without Ghent, whither Francis went alone, breticosrt, were ordered tlither to defend it, and with them five or only attended by a single varlet, neither having swords nor arms. hundred men-at-arms and as many archers. The earl of Arundel He was watched, and followed by a bastard of the late lord de Har. and lord Henry Despenser put to sea with forty large ships, having zelles, anxious to revenge his death, in which common fame reported on board three hundred men-at-arms and six hundred archers com- Francis Atremen to have been guilty. The bastard, having provided pletely armed. himself with arms, followed him out of tihe town, and when at a It was, on the other hand, reported in several places in France, proper distance, and no one near, he called out to him, " Francis, Hainault, and Picardy, that this armament was not destined for either you are a dead man: you put to detath my father, and I will do the England or Calais. but that, when it was completed, it would invest like to you." As Francis turned round, the bastard, who was a stout the town of Ghent. I was told, the men of Ghent were seriously fellow, struck him so violent a blow on the head, that it split his alarmed; but they were to blame if they showed any fear; for the skull to the neck and felled him dead. The bastard walked quietly duke of Burgundy, their loid, wished them nothing but prosperity, away, for none pursued him, and no more was said. Francis Atrealthough Francis Atremen, shortly after the peace, was slain at Ghent. men came by his death for Inot following the advice of Peter du The duke was no way implicated in his death, for he bore him no Bois. When news of this reached England, and came to tie know. hatred, although, during the war of Ghent, he had performed many ledge of Peter du Bois, he but slightly pitied him, saying, "Before I gallant deeds in the service of his townsmen, as have been truly re. left Ghent, I truly told him what would happen; but he would not lated in this history. If Francis Atremen came to such an end, he mind what I said, and has suffered for it. See if any one will medhas nobody to blame but himself; for, had he believed Peter du Bois, dle in the matter: certainly none of those who, during the war, this misfortune would not have befallen him. Peter du Bois gave seemed such warm friends to him, and honored him so much. It him notice what he might expect at the conclusion of the peace be- was for fear of such events that I followed the advice of lord Bour. tween the duke of Burgundy and Ghent, on their return to Ghent chier, and came with him to England." from Tourney. When Peter was making his preparations to accompany the lord Bourchier to England, he said, "Francis, what do you say? will you not go to England with us? for now is the time." CHAPTER XXXVII. No," replied he, " I will remaioa in Ghent." " And how," said Peter, " can you suppose you will live there in quiet? for there are THE FRENCI PUT THEMSELVES TO USELESS EXPENSE ON THEIR MARIN. many who mortally hate both you and me. I would not remain THE ENGISH- MAKE JUntcmous PEEPARATtONS TO oPosE THEM. there for any sum of money; for there is no dependence on the pop. WE will return to the preparations goimng forward at Damme and ulnace. Have you never heard how they murdered Jacob von Arta- Siuys, which were so formidable, that the like. was never remem. veld, who had done them much service, and given them such good bered in the memory of man, nor is there any written account of advice, armd had on all occasions assisted them? and yet, from the such. Money was no more spared than if it rained gold, or was speeches of a linen-weaver they slew him, without any of the prin. pumped up from the sea. The great barons of France had sent their cital inhabitants interfering in his behalf. On the contrary, they servants to Sluys to embark everything they might have occasion for dissembled, and in their hearts were rejoiced at his death. Now, in this expedition; for all were impatient to cross over; and the Franmcis, just so it will happen to you, and to me, if I stay; but that king, young as he was, showed greater impatience than any. Each 404 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. lord strove to have his ves:sel the best supplied, and the most orna. was well guarded The earl of Salisbury, because' his estate wae mented with painting' and gilding, with their arms emblazoned on in the Isle of Wight, which lies opposite to the country of Caux in them and on the flags. Painters made a good harvest, for they were Normandy, was ordered thither to guard' and defend it with the men. paid whatever they asked, and even with this there were not a suffi- at-arms and archers of that country. The earl of Devonshire was ciency. The masts were painted from top to bottom; and some, by sent to Southampton with two hundred men-at-arms and six hundred way of magnificence, were even covered with sheets of fine gold, archers, to guard that haven. The earl of Northumberland to ths above which were emblazoned the arms of the different lords to whom port of Rye, with the same number of men-at-arms and archers. the vessels belonged. It was told me, particularly, that sir Guy de The earl of Cambridge was sent to Dover with five hundred men-at. la Tremouille expended such sums in ornamenting and painting his arms and twelve hundred archers. His brother, the earl of Bucking. own ship, that they amounted to upward of two thousand firancs. ham, to Sandwich, with six hundred men-at-arms and twelve hundred Their banners, pennons, and standards, were so very grand, as to archers. The earls of Stafford arid Pembroke to Orwell, with five surprise all who saw them. No ornament or decoration could be hundred men-at-arms.and twelve hundred archers. Sir Henry arind imagined but these lords employed it on their vessels. The poor of sir Faulx Percy to Yarmouth, with three hundred'men-at-arms and France paid for all: the taxes were so grievous in that country, that six hundred archers. Sir Simon Burley was appointed governor of the rich complained, and the poorer sorts ran away. Dover castle only. All that was going forward in France, Flanders, Bruges, Damme, Every port and harbor from the Humber to Cornwall was well and Slays, was known in England, and with many additions to the provided with men-at-arms and archers, ana watchmen were posted real truth. The people in several places were exceedingly alarmed, on all the hills near the sea-coasts opposite to France and Flanders. and generally the priests made processions in many towns three times The manner of posting the watches was as follows: they had large a week; where, with much devotion, they offered up'their prayer to Gascony casks filled with sand, which they placed one on the other, God, to avert this peril from them. There were upward of one hun- rising like columns; on these were planks, where the watchmen dred thousand who were desirous the French should come to Eng- remained night and day on the look-out. They were ordered, the land, saying, to comfort the weak-hearted, "Let them come: by moment they should observe the fleet of France steering toward land, God! not a soul shall return back to tell their story." Such as were to light torches and make great fires on the hills to alarm the coun. in debt, and had not any intention of paying, nor wherewithal to do try, and the forces within sight of these fires were to hasten thither. so, were delighted, and said to their creditors, "Hold your tongues: It had been resolved to allow the king of France to land, and even they are coining florins in France, and we will pay you with them:" to remain unmolested for three or four days: they were first to attack and thus they lived extravagantly, and expended largely, for credit the fleet, and destroy it and' all their stores, and then to advance on was not refused them. Whenever they were asked to pay, they re- the king of France, not to combat him immediately, but to harass plied, "How can you ask for money? is it not better that we spend his army, so that they might be disabled and afraid to forage; for the it, than that Frenchmen should find it and carry it away?" Thus corn countries were all to be burnt, and England at best is a difficult were many thousand pounds sterling foolishly spent in England. foraging country; by which plan they would be starved and easily The king of England was during this time in Wales with the earl destroyed. Such was the plan laid down by the council of England of Oxford, who governed England, for without his consent nothing Rochester bridge was ordered to be broken down, for a deep river was done. The king's privy council consisted of sir Simon Burley, runs under it, which flows through Sussex and Kent, and falls into sir Nicholas Bramber, sir Robert Tresilian, sir Robert Beauchamp, the Thames, opposite the island of Sheppy. The Londoners would sir John Salisbury, sir Michael de la Fole, and also the bishop of pull this bridge down, for the greater security of their town. Norwich and sir William Neville, brother to the lord Neville. These If the taxes were burdensome on towns and persons in France, I counsellors did with the king as they pleased, and carried him whither- must say they were not much lighter in England, and the country soever they liked; for neither had his uncles of Cambridge and suffered from them a long time afterwards; but they were paid cheer. Buckingham been able to retain any influence, nor could they act, fully, that they might be more effectually guarded.* There were at without knowing whether it were agreeable to the above-named this time ten thousand men-at-arms and one hundred thousand arch. counsellors. All these discords were the tosc of conversation in ers in England, although the duke of Lancaster had led so large a France, and incited them to hasten their preparations. They wished force to Castille. I will now speak a little of this duke, and of tihe to force the duke of Lancaster to return from Castille, but would not interview between him and the king of Portugal, and then return to on that account have given up their invasion. The lords, prelates, England, for the matter presses, and I wish to speak of each and of and citizens of the principal towns in England, having obtained exact their respective transactions. information that the French were nearly ready to put to sea, held an assembly, in which they debated what was proper to be done. The king was written to by his uncles to return to London, as the whole CHA T R x VIII. 1= ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C HAP T ER XX X VI II. country was much dissatisfied with him and his advisers. The king and his council, not daring to refuse, left Wales, where he and his THEV KtN OF PORTUGAL, WHEN INFORME D OF THE DUKE'OF LANCASTER'S queen had resided a considerable time. On his arrival at Windsor, ORRVL AT SAINT JAGO, SRCTES FRO FRAENDLY LETTERS. TO E KING he staid some days, and, there leaving his queen, came to his palace OF CSTLIE DEMANDS succos FRO FRANC. THE TON OF ROUE of Westminster. Those who had any business to transact went LES N GAI TEN TE ENGLS. thither to the king; and before the parliament was holden, a council You have before heard of the arrival of the duke of Lancaster was called to consider how they might appease the great discontents with a large army at Corufia; how that city, but not the castle, had which appeared in the country. In this parliament, which was at- surrendered to him on terms similar to those which were imposed on tended by the king, his uncles, and all the nobles and prelates of the the other towns in Castille, by which means me city,was aeitner realm, the earl of Salisbury, a prudent and valiant man, spoke as attacked nor hurt; you have also heard how he and his family had follows: "Your majesty, and my lords present, need not be surprised taken possession of Saint Jago de Compostella, where he intended to if our adversary, the king of France, proposes to invade us; for since reside, until he should have some intelligence from the king of Por. the death of the most potent and sagacious prince, Edward of happy tugal. Don John, as soon as he knew the duke to be at St. Jago, memory, our sovereign lord, this realm has incurred several risks of was much rejoiced, thinking that, when united, they could carry on being destroyed by its own subjects and the commotions ofpeasants. an advantageous war against Castille. He ordered the most friendly It is also perfectly well known in France that we disagree among letters to be written to the duke and duchess, and to be forwarded ourselves, and are torn by faction, which makes them imagine their instantly by special messengers. The receipt of such letters gave enterprise cannot fail of success. The danger is indeed great, for much pleasure to the duke and duchess; for they Ihad great depend he must be weak who fears not his enemy. While we remained ence on the king of Portugal, and knew that, without his aid, they united, the king with the people, and the people with the king, we would never be enabled to do anything effectual against Castille were victorious and powerful, and there were none able to do us any They, therefore, made rich presents to the messengers, and retmr red essential injury. It is therefore necessary (and never was anything the warmest answers. The duke, in his answer,'ave the king to in England more pressing) for us to act in unity, and reform what understand, that he should have much pleasure if an interview took may be wrong, if yre wish to preserve our honor, as well as for us to place between them, as he wanted to have some conferences with inquire into the state of our ports, that such defence may be made him. that the kingdom be not any way hurt, nor we accused of neglect by While all these marks of affection were reciprocally tendered and rethe country. This realm has been long in its flower; and you know ceived between the king of Portugal and the duke of Lancaster, the that what is in flower has greater need of attention than if in fruit, king of Castille was strengthening himself by every means im his power. We must therefore act as if it was in flower; for, since these last He frequently stated his situation to the court of France, and was sixty years, those knights and squires who have gone out of it have urgent in his demands for assistance to defend his realm; for he ex acquired more renown than any others of what nation soever. Let pected, when the season would allow, that there would be a vigorous us exert ourselves, that our honor be preserved untarnished as long war made on him, as the king of Portugal and the duke of Lanacr'mte as we live." would then form a junction, and would be in such force as would This speech of the carl of Salisbury was attentively listened to; and the lords said, it would be right to follow his advice. I will not * The dissensions between the king andi tis parliament ran tigih at this period: the longer dwell on what was debated at this meeting, for I do not pre. parliament refused to grant suippies, and the king decliredt that if ttiey were denied he longer dwell on what was debated at this meeting, for I do not pre- would apply to the king ot' France, to whom he would sooner be obliged tian his sitbtend to know everything; but I do know, that after proper care had jects. An accommodation was at length effected. Riclhard consented to banish hi, been taken, as I have already noticed, for the defence of Calais, all favorite, the earl of Suffolk. and supplies were voted to maintain lthe wair againstl th the coast of England, where it was thought the French would land, kiago rne; their admimisirtien waS however confided to a hody of tinil oinminuion~er. —ED. CHRONICLIEqS OF ENGLA ND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 405 o-errun. all Castille, unless he could raise an army to oppose them. While this was going on, others on the battlements, over the gate. The king of France and his council, in their answer, desired the ways, threw down large stones arid bars of iron, so that none dared king of Castille not to be uneasy; for, before the month of January venture too near for fear of these things,5 which killed whomever was passed, they would give the English so much to do at home, as they hit. Thus did these peasants hold out their town against the to prevent them from knowing which way to turn themselves; that English, who suffered indeed no loss until night; but they were when England should be completely destroyed, they would come to forced to retreat to a deserted village, a long league distant, to seek his aid by sea, through Galicia or Portugal; and if their enemies for lodgings, where they remained until the morrow. The spies still remained in that country, they would drive them out of it in a sent after them brought back word that they had taken up their handsome manner, and within the year put an end to all these wars. quarters at the village of Lyrias, but it seemed as if they would, on The king of Castille contented himself with this answer as well as the next day, renew the attack. The townsmen, on hearing this, he could: indeed, he could not help himself; for none came to him said among themselves, "The shortest follies are the best: we can from France, exceptingthose who had defended the castle of Corufia. never be blamed for surrendering to the duke of Lancaster, or to his All knights and squires, however great their distance in the kingdom, marshal, having, ourselves, held out one whole day against them, hastened to Paris, Lille, and Douay: and the whole of that country, without advice or assistance from any gentleman whatever. This to the extent of fourteen leagues, was filled with men-at-arms and we cannot long persist in, and, having begun the attack, the enemy their followers. The multitudes were so great, that those who su- will, of course, renew it, since they know the way. It will, there. pee..,ended the shipping, notwithstanding the number of vessels, fore, be better to surrender before they begin an assault; for, if we declared they could not be all transported at once, by at least forty be taken by storm, we shall lose our lives as well as our money." thousand men. All agreed to this: and it was determined that, if the English reIt was ordered that no one was to be received on board the trans. turned on the morrow, they would go out to meet them, and surren. ports but true men-at-arms; and no knight was to have more than der the town on having their lives and properties spared. In truth, one varlet, nor any great baron more than two squires. No horses the English made their appearance shortly after sunrise, fresh and sere to be embarked but those of the principal lords; and this was eager to renew the attack. When they were observed, four of the so strictly observed at Sluys that the names of none were written principal townsmen were sent out to conclude a treaty. As the down for the passage, nor received on board, but good men-at-arms. marshal advanced under his pennon, casting his eyes around, he There was such a rascally crew in Flanders, in the country of Tour- perceived these four men, and said, " I believe there are some from nay, and in the castlewicks of Lille, Douay, and Artois, that they Rouelles, who want to parley with us: make them come forward." devoured and plundered everything, to the great loss of the poor in- This was done; and when they were near the marshal, they cast habitants, on whom they lived, though they dared not complain for themselves on their knees, and said, " My lord, the inhabitants of fear of' their lives. They were more destructive than the English Rouelles have sent us to parley, with you; will you hear us?" would have been if quartered in that country. The king of France "Yes," replied the marshal; " what have you to say?" "My lord, and his lords had many fears; for, should they leave these scoun- we come to offer the surrender of our town, if you will take us and drels behind, they would unite and master the country; and this all we possess under your protection; and we will acknowledge the would have happened, had the invasion taken place, and been un- duke and duchess of Lancaster for our sovereigns, in like manner successful. as those of Corufia and Saint Jago have done." "I will take yvu, During the residence of the duke and duchess of Lancaster at St. and all that belongs to you, under my protection," answered the Jago, several of' their knights and squires made excursions into the marshal; "but I will not insure your provisions, for men-at-arms country, and supported themselves in the best manner in which they must live." The deputies said, "That was reasonable; and the were able, on whatever they could find. It fell out that sir Thomas country abounded in provisions of all sorts; but wait here a moment, Mloreaux, marshal of the army, in company with sir Maubrun de that we may return to the town and relate what you have said, for Linieres, sir John d'Ambreticourt, Thierry, and William de Soumain, we will keep the agreement, and we trust you will do the same." and about two hundred spears aInd five hundred archers, when in " Yes, on my faith will I," replied sir Thomas; "but make haste Galicia, came before the town of Rouelles, seven leagues from Saint back." Upon this the four men returned to the town, to relate how.Jago. He had heard that the townsmen would not acknowledge the sir Thonmas had agreed to accept their terms, except in the article of duke of Lancaster for king; and had slain his foragers, who, on their provisions. They said, "God grant it may be so; for you have sue. return, had passed by their barriers. They had ruined their roads ceeded better than we expected." They then disencumnbered the so much, that the only tolerable one was close to the town; and, gate of the casks, beams, and faggots, and opening it wide, advanwhen they found a good opportunity, they rushed out, and, like ced to the barriers with the keys in their hands. When the marthieves as they were, murdered all passers, whether foragers or not. shal approached, he and his companions dismounted; and the towns. Complaints had been made of their conduct to the marshal, who was men on their knees, presenting the keys, said, "My lord, you are determined to apply a remedy, that being a part of his official duty. sent hither, we learn, by the duke and duchess of Lancaster: we Hie and his companions dismounted, when near the town. The therefore offer you the keys, and surrender our town, as agreed on watch had before sounded his horn, which had prepared the inhab- between you and our men." "Upon these terms I accept the keys," itants, and they had closed the gates and mounted the battlements; replied the marshal; and he and his men entered the town, where for it would not have fared well to any one who had remained with- they quartered themselves here and there in the best manner they out the wall. The marshal, seeing from their appearance it must could. Sir Thomas Moreaux remained there the whole day. On be assaulted, and having mused a while, said to sir John d'Ambreti- the morrow, before his departure, he said to sir Thomas Maubrup court and Thierry de Soumain, "Mount your horses, and ride round de Linieres, "I give this town up to you and your men: you wil the town to see where we may the best make our assault, and with make a good garrison of it." "By St. George, and so I will," re the least loss of our men." Having mounted their horses, they soon plied sir Maubrun; " for I like it well." rode round the place, for it was of no great circuit, and carefully Sir Mlaubrun de Linieres remained in garrison in Rouelles, havinp examined every part of it. On their return to the marshal, who was under him sixty spears and one hundred archers. Sir Thomnas Mowaiting for them, they said, " Sir, this town has but two gates: you reaux returned to the duke and duchess at Saint Jago. are at one, and the other is directly opposite: these are the two places which seem to us easiest of attack; for the ditches round the town are deep, difficult of descent and ascent, on account of thorns CHAPTER XXXIX. and brambles." "I believe you are right," replied the marshal: C"IH A TE X IX will remain here with a part of our men, and you Maubrun, shall TGIE MASHAL OF THE TOWE OF LANcASTE'S ARM ATTACIS.NT take the other and commence the attack. I know not what may be GAINS BY TREATY THE TOWN OF VILLECLOE N GALA. TO E the event, but I with joy see those fellows, who, from their battle- DKE SENDS EIBASSADOS TO THE KING OF PORTUGL TO ARRNG ments, observe all we are doing. Look at them, they are as sulky- AN INTERVIEW BETWEEN THEM. looding as monkeys eatinig pears, which children want to take from SHORTLY after the marshal's return from Rouelles, he assembled them." His companions burst out a laughing at this expression, and a body of about three hundred spears and six hundred archers, and, casting up their eyes to see the villains (which they had not before thus accompanied, advanced into Galicia a long day's journey firom thought of,) went away with Maubrun and his pennon. They were Saint Jago, and came before a town called Villeclope, which was about one hundred lances and three hundred archers, who advanced only defended by the common people of the place. The marshal slowly to the opposite gate and halted. not only examined it himself, but made his companions do so, and'Attacks were made on both gates with great gallantry; but the then asked if they thought it might be taken by storm. After some men of Rouelles, from their battlements, defended themselves with consideration, they said it could. Upon this they all dismounted, stones and darts, so that the archers and cross-bowmen were unable and gave their horses to the servants to be led to the rear. They to act with success, and many were severely wounded. However, divided themselves into three divisions, and gave their orders like as the barriers were defenceless, for all had retired within the walls, able men-at-arms. Sir Thomas Moreaux had the first: he gave the the English destroyed the palisades and advanced up to the gates. second to sir Evan Fitzwarren, and the third to sir John d'AmbretiThey battered them so as to make them shake again; but the in- court. Each had under his command eighty spears, and seven score habitants, aware oC' he mischief which might ensue from their gates archers, which was thought sufficient for the attack of such a place. being forced, came down from the battlements, and placed against They approached the town, entered the ditch, and gallantly made,hem faggots and large beanms of wood. Women mmd others brought themselves masters of it;'for it-was dry, and ascended to the walls earth and stones, with which they filled casks, an' these they ar- well shielded:' the archers were posted on the banks of the ditch, tanged usainst the gates, closing up the whole of *.he entrances, e'* Bism t nrr:~s et p~avk-~Cs. 06 C CHRONIC zLE OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. and shot so ably that scarcely any dared to show themselves in its allowing him for his life to reign in Portugal, and himself to be unr defence. Notwithstanding this, the townsmen foughtvaliantly, and molested in Castille, we doubt not but he would turn his back on they were very numerous: some lanched darts, others stones, and you, notwithstanding he has been so pressing to bring you hither. used long poles shod with iron, which gave such blows that on Thus will you be completely ruined. You are well acquainted with whomsoever they fell, unless well armed, he was severely wounded the present state of England, that it has enough to do to make head or slain. The knights and squires, eager for renown, were busily against its old enemrnies the French and Scots. Make the most, en;ployed in loosening the wall with pick-axes and crowbars, which therefore, of the men you now have, and push on the war vigorously; they had brought with them, and continued their work in spite of for, if you expect any reinforcements from England, you will be disthe stones and lime-pots thrown down on their pavisses and basnets. appointed. You were two years in obtainhii what you now have, Many gallant deeds were done; and in particular by two squires and the king, your nephew, does not feel fbr the interests which!romin Hainault, Thierry and William de Soumain. They, with their made you quit the country. He is young, and confides in young as-ista'nts,, made a breach in the wall, and fought hand to hand with counsellors, which has thrown England into much peril. Have an those within. These two brothers gained seven lances, which were interview, therefore, with the king of Portugal as speedily as may pushed at them through the breach, by wresting them out of the ene- be, and talk to him yourself; for you will gain more in one convermy's hands. They were under the pennon of sir Evan Fitzwarren. sation than by four months' writing." Sir John d'Ambreticourt made no boy's-play, but showed himself The duke of Lancaster treasured up these words; for he knew a true knight: he posted himself at the foot of the walls, and his they were the truth, and that they had loyally advised him. HIe pennon, with his arms of two hamets gules on a field ermine, fixed answered, " What would you have me do?" ".We wish you would in the ground before him: he had a pick-axe in his hand, laboring send five or six of your knights to the king of Portugal, and we ad. with all his might to batter the wall. One may be surprised the vise that a baron, at least, be of the number, to remonstrate with townsmen were not frightened when they saw themselves thus him on public affihirs; and let it be suggested that you are very anx atttacked on all sides: but itlasted not long, for there were too many ious to have some personal conferences with him. Those whom able men employed, and' perceiving what must happen, they re- you send will, of course, act with prudence; but, by all means, let solved to surrender. The bailiff of the town, through whose means them press for an immediate interview." The duke consented to the place had held out for the king, came forth, and, having de- this proposal; and the lord Poinings, a great baron in England, sir manded who was the commander, said: "My lord, order a cessa- John Bancel,? sir John d'Ambreticourt, and sir John Sounder, bas. tion of arms, for the inhabitants wish to enter into a treaty with you." tard brother to the constable of the army, were ordered to go to Por. The marshal replied, he would cheerfully do so, and sent a herald tugal. These lords made themselves ready to set out froniom Saint round the ditches, who thus spoke to the English: "Cease assaulting Jago, with one hundred spears and two hundred archers; but just as iiatil you shall hear the trumpet of the marshal, for there is a treaty they were on the point of departure, having received their credential going forward with the townsmen." On this speech of the herald, letters, there arrived from Portugal a knight and squire, attended by the attack was suspended, and the assailants reposed themselves: twelve lances. The knigh-lt's name was Vasco Martin d'Aeunha, indeed, many had need of it, for they had labored hard and were and the squire Fernando Martin de Merlo: they were both of the much fatigued. The townsmen, by their bailiff, said they were king's household, and the nearest about his person. They were willing to yield the town on having their lives and fortunes spared, comfortably lodged in Saint Jago, and presented to the duke and as the other towns in Galicia had done. " Indeed!" said the mar- duchess, by each of whom they were most graciously received. shal, " bet you will not come off so cheaply; for you have given us They delivered their letters to their graces, which being read, they much trouble, and wounded our men. You see plainly you cannot found, that in addition to the strong expressions of friendship ann hold out longer, and you must purchase your peace from us, or we affection, the king of Portugal had sent two handsome ambling white return to the attack, and take your town by storm." " And what is mules, which gave them much pleasure.' The English embassy was the sum you expect for our ransom?" "In God's fame," said the not for this laid aside; it was only retarded four days. On the fifth marshal, "ten thousand francs." " Yoa ask too much," replied day they set out, accompanied by the Portuguese; and the duke, as the bailiff: "I offer you two thousand, for the town is poor, and!at a token of friendship, sent the king of Portugal two such beautiful been heavily taxed." "I will not accept your offer," said the mat- pilgrim-~alcons as had never been seen, and six English grayhounds, shal; "but take time to consider of it, and do not let the place be excellently trained for hunting all sorts of beasts. lost for three or four thousand francs, for all must be ours. I am The English and Portuguese continued their journey through already blamed by my companions for having entered into any Galicia, without fear of the Casti-lians, for they were at too great a treaty with you: therefore make haste, and either pay a handsome distance. On the road sir John d'Ambreticourt and Ferdinand de ransom or take the consequences." The bailiff returned to the Merle commenced an acquaintance; for the squire had, in former town, and, calling the inhabitants together, said, " What will you times, served with sir Eustace d'Amnbreticourt, sir John's uncle, and do? If you suffer the English to renew the attack, they will storm had even been with him when he died in Carentln. They continued the town, put us all to death, and plunder our wealth. They de- in conversation until they arrived at the gate of Coimbra, where the mand ten thousand francs, and I have offered two, which I know is king of Portugal resided. As they were riding gently together, be. too little, and they will never take them: we must increase our offer hind the rest of their company, they met a herald and his servant two or three thousand more." Some, who were much alarmed for from Coimbra, on the road to the duke and his lords at Saint Jago their lives and fortunes, said: "Bailiff, do not fail making a bargain He was attached to the king of Portugal, who, at the time of his with them; for, sooner than they shall renew the assault, we will coronation, had given him the name of Coimbra. The herald had give four thousand francs." " Itis well said," answered the bailiff, already conversed with the lords who were advanced; and when "and I will again treat with them." don Ferdinand saw him, hlie said: " Here comes the king's herald, On this, the bailiff came again to the marshal, who was waiting who has not been long in this country: I will inquire some news fir him; and a ransom was agreed on, which, if I recollect, was six ifriom him." When they met, the squire said, "Where have you thousand francs. The gates were thrown open to the army, who been for this year past, that I have not seen you?" " In God's quartered themselves in the town, and refreshed themselves there name," replied the herald, " I have been in England to the king two days. The marshal gave the place as a garrison to sir Evan and his uncles, who have made me very rich. I went thence by Firzwarren, who had under him two hundred men-at-arms and four sea to Brittany, and was present at the marriage of the duke, and at hundred archers; he held the place upward of eight months: but the grand feasts hlie gave two months in the town of Nantes on his the ransomrn-money went to the duke of Lancaster, the marshal union with the lady Jane of Navarre.t From thence I returned to retaining one thousand francs. Guerrande, and by sea to Portugal." After this' surrender of Villeclope, the marshal returned to St. While he was thus speaking, the squire kept his eyes fixed on an Jago, which was his head.quarters, for the duke was desirous of enamelled scutcheon that hung on the herald's breast, on which were having him near his person. At times, he marched to the borders erInblazoned the arms of' the king of Portugal and other knights of of Castille, to alarm the French: but in general the English did not Portugal. Pointing with his finger to a coat of arms, he said: "Ah, quit Galicia, whither the king of Castille sent none to oppose them; Ihere' are the arms of a gallant knight of Portugal, sir John Portelet, for he was advised not to attack them with a large army, but to ha- which I fim happy to see; for he is a valiant knight, and was once rass them from his garrisons, and to wait for succors from France. of great service to me, which I ought always to remember." When, The duke's counsellors said to him as follows: " My lord, it is ne- talking out of his purse four florins, he gave them to the herald, who cessary that you and the king of Portugal should have an interview returned him thanks. Sir John d'Ambreticourt also examined the to confer together. You write to each other, but that is not enough; scutcheon, and remembering the anrms, told me some time afterward, for the French are a subtle race, and see farther into affairs than that the arms were two chaudidres sables on a field argent, with an most other nations. Should they, underhand, make a peace between endenture gules. the king of Portugal and the king of Castille, who has at his cbourt, I When the herald had taken his leave and departed, the squire thus as we have been informed, several of the great barons of Portugal, spoke: "Sir John, you noticed those sable chaudidres, which the either by a mmarriage or otherwise, so as to prevent you firom having knight, to whom I am so msuch indebted, bore in his armns?" "Yes, any assistance from him, what would become of you? You would I did," replied sir John; "but tell me the cause why you praise him be in a much worse condition than ever in this country, and tIe so much: I shall willingly listen to you; for, as we ride on, we shall Castillians would not care anything for us, for you innow they are the falsest and most gloomy people in the world. Do you imagine *' if net turd Btmiel. In the'aetest Frenchi edition it is BDvurel-; anelgch Beverly the king of Portugal has not thoroughly examined everything that tete o On the decease of tne duke of rittany, ashe was queear of apnglacnd, by hr rrm concerns him? and if the king of Castfille would agree to a peac~e, with Henry iV. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAiN, &ce. 401 ~e at a loss for conversation." " That I will do," replied he; "for I such a knight is worth talking of. A little before the battle of Aljuo C H A P T ER XL. barota, as the king of Portugal was marching through the country THE DUKE OF LANCASTER HiAS AN INTERVIEW WITH THE ICING OF PORTU firom Coimbra, he sent ine to seek some of his knights, that they GAL. A MARRIAGE IS AEREED UPON BETWERN TIE RING AND THE might be present at the engagement. I therefore rode off, attended LADY r HILIPPA, DAUGHTER OF THE DUKE. only by a single page. In my way, I fell in with twenty Gascon lances, and I was suddenly in the idst before I percived the, THE king of Portugal was well pleased at the arrival of the Eng. when I was made prisoner, and asked whither I was going. I said sh knights, and commanded that they sold be comfortably lodged To the castle du Ront.'*' What to do there?''To seek sirJohn When they were ready, don Martin d'Acunha and dnn Fernandc Fnndo Porelet; for the ig ishes for his company at Aljuba Martin de Merle, who were acquainted with the king's habits, introFrota.''What! is not don Ferntido governor of Rot, wipth your duced them to him. He received them very graciously; and after king of Portul?' No,' I replied,'he is not; but he will hasten some conversation, which they knew well how to keep up, they pre. kinu ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~om convrstuaViNon,' repied, Itheyi knot u ew will haste to enepp they facnpn reyhud. Tekn heflyacp thither the moment he hears my message.'' In God's name,' said seted the falcons and grayhounds. The king cheerfully accepted they,'he shall hear it; for we will ride thither.' On saying this, the, as he was fond of the chase. They returned the king thanks, they turned about, and took the road to Ront. When they were he part of the du and duchess of Lancaster, for te handsome within sight, the watch on the battlements sounded his horn, as a mules he had given them. The king replied, these were trifles, signal for the appearance of an enemy. merely tokens of affection, such as lords desirous of maintaining love "Dognl Fernando asked froo what qnuarter they were coming. and friendship ought to make to each other; but he should soon offer'Fromrn the side of Oporto,' replied the watch.'Ah, ah,' said he, moe splendid presents. Wine and spices were now brouht, of'they most be Castillians seeking adventures, and on their road to which the English knights having partaken, they took leave of the Saarem. I i go and look at them; fr they may possibly tell king and returned to their lodgings, where they supped. On the me some news, and where the king is.' Having ordered his horse morrow, they dined at the palace, and the lord Poiings and sir John to be saddled, and his pennon to be unfurled, he set off on a gallop, Bancel were seated at the king's table. Sir John d'mbreticourt tD.11 ~~~~~Bancel. were seated at the king's table. Sir John d'Ambreficourt with only nieteen moren to meet the enemyf, who had formed a g 1 and sir John Sounder were at another table with the great barons of ambuscade. The Castillian party had sent one of their mrien to scour the ingdom, among whom was Lawrence Fongasse, squire of honor over the plain, mounted on a genet, which being perceived by don to the king, who was well known to these knights, having been act, inted with t hem kinEglad'o whic wascekounto thesmae kngtshavneenac Fernando, he said to a squire,'Gallop thy genet, and see who that quated with them in England; on which account he made them fellow is prancing on the plain.' The squire, sticking spurs into his the best cheer in his power, and this he knew well how to do. the, dinersthee kin, his powrtua gavet theseh knigtswa velrhoyoo horse, soon came up with the horseman, who suffered himself nearly The dinier the ing of ortugal gave to these knights was very to be overtaken: for his orders were to return instantly to the am- handsome and well served: when over, they adjourned to the counbuscade, if followed by any one. When they were hard by, the cil-chamber, and the knights, addressing themselves to the king, the whole party sallied forth and pursued the squire, who, being well Count dAcunha and the count do Novaire spoke as follows: "Sire, mounted, had turned back. In the ch ase, they shouted'Castille' with all the compliments the duke of Lancaster has charged us to which convinced don Fernando, who hatd halted under his pennon, pay you, he ordered us to say that he is very desirous of having a to wait for his squire, whom they were closely pursuing, that they personal interview with you." The king replied, he was equally were enemies; and lie said,'I am now sure they must be Castillians: anxious for it, ind added, "I beg of you to hasten everything as let us shout "Portugal i" for I am resolved to meet them.' At these much as possible, that ve may have a conference together." That words ho grsped his spear, and came on full speed up to te, will be very proper," said the barons of Portugal; "for until you The first whom he met he struck to the ground, and the second shared meet you will never underand each other. You may then confer the same fate. Of time twenty-five spears, ten were already lying -on on the most effectual means of carrying on the war against the king the ground; the remainder took to flight; and of them several were of Castille." "That is true," answered the knights. "Be speedy likewise sl~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~abno oune.Althi i'wtnse wihgrapes likeewise slain or wounded. All this I witnessed with great pleas- about it, then," said the king: "for, if the duke wishes to see me, I ure; for I saw in it my deliverance, and in a lfew minutes was left wish also to see him." They then entered on other conversation; mlone. I then advanced toward don Fernando, who, on seeing me, for the council was to determine when and where this meeting should recollected me; for I had been formerly acquainted with him, and take place, and inform the English knights of it. This was done asked from w~hence I came, and what I was doing there: I then re- It was a greed the king of Portugal should go to Oporto, and the duke asked from whenc Iy camvnue, and whatIwasthe Spaniare. Ia taken re. ated to im my adveture, and ho te Spania had taken me. of Lancaster advance along the borders of Galicia; and somewhere ~'And where is the king?; Do you know nothing about him?' I On And where is the king? Do you know noting about him?''On bween them and Oporto the meeting was to be held. When the mny trot~h, sir, to-morrow he will give battlie to the king of Castille; my troth, si, tomorow he iive battle to the ing of Castille English knights had remained three days at Coimbra, they departed and I was sent to tell this to such knights as were ignorant of it.' and followed the same road back to Saint Jago, where they related To-moow! said don Fenndo. Yes, on my fith; and, if you to the duke and duchess all that had passed. They were, with To-morrow!' said don Fernando. I Yes, on my faith; and, if you raoswl aife ihifrterafissee o ieyt doubt me, ask these Castillians whom you have taken.' reason, well satisfied with it, for their affairs seemed now likely to "He went to his prisoners, and inquired from them if there were be attended to. certainly to be a battle on the morrow. They said, that in truth hen the day of meetinm approached, the duke of Lancaster left there would be a g-eneral engagement on the morrow between Casre wold be nerl engaeent on the morov betveen as- his army, under tie omnd of his marshal, at Saint Jago, and atnile and Portugal, and that each side was making every exertio. teded by three hundred speas and six hundred archers, and si JonHolnded by the hanrd mparsraed hsi hundrestdaughters,)wt andi The knighr t was well pleased at this intelligence, insomuch that he John olland, (w a mared his eldest daughter,) with man 0 tD 9~~~~~~~~~~~Jh knlland, r wohde toarrid thernies ofldestdugal hter, king ofan said to them,'For the good news you have told me, I give you all kights, rode toward the frotiers of Potugal. The king of or. your liberties, but surrender to me my countryman.' Thus didre tgal, hearing that tie duke was set out from Saint Jgo, left Oporto Iua rearingthati thud ed dspewarsn sent otfo Saitont cagoledfnht Ocountry gain my fr'eedom; and, don Fernando having- taken leave of thosew gain my eedo; and, don Ferando ving taken leave of those it six hundred spears, and went to a town called in that country who captured me, they went their way. We returned to Ourem, MoBnao, the last town of Portugal on that side. The duke camn where tihe knight made himself ready, and we set off together about to a town on the frontiers called Melgano. Between Mngno ant midnight. The distance from Ourem to Aljubarota may be about Melgaqo runs a small river through meadows and fields, over whi4E is a bridge ea-lied Pont de More?* six leagues; but, to avoid the Castillians and their perties, we length- is a bridge caylled Pout de Morae.l ened our road. We heard, long before we saw the armies drawn a Thursday mornin, te iing of Portual and the duke up, that there vas to be a battle; and, when ve approached, we saw Lancaster had their first interview at this bridge, attended by thei escorts, when they made acquaintance, with each other. On th, the kring of Portgal in array, and tihe king of Castille opposite to escots he the made acquaintance ith each other. On th ZD ~~~~~~~~~~~~king~ of Portugal's side had been built a bower, covered with leavet him. At first, the kIight could not distinguish the Portuguese from ig of Portugal's side d bee built a bower, covered wit leaves the Catilliais, but said,'I shod imgie te largest army ust be in which the duke was entertained at dinner by the king. It was that of Castille.' We rode so near that we plainly distinguished ti hdsoe one; and te bishop of Cibr, the bishop of Oport. hansoen; also the ahbishop of Craimbra, weesae tthe kingshpo Ooto-.c enemy drawn up in battle array: some put themselves is motion, as also the archbishop of Braganza, were seated at the king's tablk in pursuit of us; but I fancy they were foreigners, from Gascony. with the dulke, and a little below him were sir John Hollandand sit Dn Fmndo, observig them, said'He e re our eemies: let Henry Beaumont. There were mniany minstrels, and this entertain us hasten away.' The enemy advanced full gallop, shouting,' Cs- ment lasted until night. The kig of Potal that day clothed en l asteonti wigt.he kin red crostglws oSt.a Ge orged tille, Castille!' but our men, seeing our situation, came to our assist- in white lined with crimson, with a red cros of St. Geomge, being. ance te min body, hoevedid not tal oy step ii consequence. the dress of the order of Avis, of which he was grand-master.t ante: the menn body, however, did not taleee any step in consequence. The king received don Fernando with great joy, and hlie was posted When the people had elected him their king, he declared he woul: at thie bridle of the Iking's horse, for he was one of our bravest always wear that dress in honor of God and St. George, and his at. knights. I feel myself under the greatest obligation to him for hay- tendants were all dressed in white and crimmu-u. When it became big zlivered mie from the hands of mine cnemnies; otherwise I late, they took leave of each other, with the engagement of meeting should not have been present at this inmois hattie of Atljubarota. again on the morrow. The king went to Monqao, and tihe duke to. Now, didl he not do me a great service?" " O.n my faith, that he did," Melgaqo, which places were only separated by time river and mead replied mim John;,' and, from what you have said, he must be well ows. On the Friday, after hearing the mass, they mounted their ecqtiaismteul wsits his bumein~ess" "A, tbmt hle a-,"~ aisuewed time horses, and rode over the Pont de More, to tIe spot where they b~ad squints Upout titus, the~y rodie on a lmt~c: fmci to o~veitke their com- mot time preceding day. The house which had been erected for this; paimioni, amid rucy all mncrived thut nm'bt'it Ccumnmmma. occasion was the fairest and greatest that had been ever seen there Time king and duke had each their apartments hung with cloth arktt * " Castle du R~ont." —O~. if not Ourera. i* "Poet de More." —Q. t Froismart mistakes the aelor of the cross: it was gueen, and borne on the sit,ed 408 OCHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. covered with carpets, as convenient as if the king had been at Lis- commanders made frequent excursions over the country, conqulering bon or the duke in London. towns and castles, of which, for a time they held possession. I will Before dinner they had a conference on the state of their affairs, faithfully narrate the manner in which they did this, and tihe names how they should carry on the war, and when hey should commence of the towns they gained; for I was told all the particulars of tile it. They resolved to order their marshals to continue their attacks campaign by those English knights who had been actors in these during the winter, which the king was to pass in Portugal, and the conquests; but more particularly by that gallant knight of Portugal duke at Saint Jago; and it was settled that, early in March, they whom I have before mentioned, who, in the most friendly manner, would unite their forces, and march to combat the king of Castille, entered into all the details at Middleburgh, in Zealand, where he wherever he might be, and whoever he might have with him; for was, on his way to Prussia. I have already told his name, but I will the English and Portuguese, when united, would be full thirty thou- repeat it: he was called John Fernando Portelet, who informed me sand men. When this had been determined, the king's council in- as follows: troduced the subject of a marriage with their king; for the country "When the duke of Lancaster was returned to Saint Jago, from was very desirous he would marry, as it was now time; and by it the frontiers of Portugal, Sir Thomas Moreaux, the marshal of his they would be much strengthened; and they thought he could not army, said to him, that he was unwilling to remain in idleness; and make a better choice for himself, nor one more agreeable to them, that, since they were in an enemy's country, he would make some than by intermarrying with the house of Lancaster. The duke, excursions to conquer towns or castles, and employ the army who who saw the attachment the king and the Portuguese had for him, were very anxious for it. He gave his orders accordingly, and de. and that he had need of their assistance, as he was come from Eng- clared he would penetrate into Galicia farther than he had hitherto land to Portugal to regain his kingdom of Castille, replied with a been, and would not leave town nor castle behind him without their smile, addressing the king: "Sir King, I have at Saint Jago two submitting to the duke. He began his march from Saint Jago, with girls, and I will give you the choice to take which of them shall six hundred lances and twelve hundred archers, and took the road please you best. Send thither your council, and I will return her to Pontevedra, a good town of Galicia, which heid out for the king with them." " Many thanks," said the king: "you offer me more of Castille. The townsmen were well aware of the intended attack; than I ask. I will leave my cousin Catherine, of Castille; but I for all the inhabitants of the flat countries fled before the English, to asmand your daughter Philippa, in marriage, whom I will espouse different towns, to save themselves and fortunes. When the marshal and make my queen." At these words tihe conference broke up, as came before the place, the inhabitants were in deep consultation, it was dinner-time. They were seated as on the preceding day, and whether to surrender, or to defend themselves; but they were not most sumptuously and plentifully served, according to the custom of unanimous. The lower sort of inhabitants wanted to surrender inthat country. After dinner, the kinig and duke returned to their stantly: the baiiff (who had been ordered thither by the king to guard lodgings. and defend it,) with those who were the richest, wished to hold out On the Saturday after mass, they again mounted their horses, and for they said that an instant surrender would not redound to their returned to Pont de More in grand array. The duke this day emm- honor nor profit. They were still in debate, when the watch sounded tertained at dinner the kiming and his attendants. His apartments his horn to announce the arrival of the English. This broke up the were decorated with the richest tapestry, with his arms emblazoned assembly; and every one ran to the battlemnents, armed with stones, on it, and as splendidly ornamented as if lie had been at Hertford, darts, and javelins, with a full determination to defend the place, Leicester, or at any of his mansions in England, which very much and not to surrender it until pushed to extremities. astonished the Portuguese. Three bishops anid one archbishop were "When the marshal and his companions arrived at Pontevedra, seated at the upper table; the bishops of Lisbon, of Oporto, of Coimt they dismounted and gave thlir horses to their servants. They drew bra, anid the archbishop of Braganza. The king of Portugal was up their men for instantly attacking it. The archers were ranged placed at the middle, and the duke somewhat below him: a little round the walls with bows bent for shooting; and men-at-arms, well lower than the duke, the count d'Acunha and the count de Novaire. armed and shielded, descended into the ditch. On the marshal's At the head of the second table was the deputy grand-master of Avis: trumpet sounding, the assault commenced; and those who were in then the grand-master of St. James, in Portugfal,* and the grand- the ditch scrambled up to the walls, with pick-axes and iiron crows to master of St. John, Diego Lopez Pacheco, Joao Fernandez Pacheco undermine them. The townsmen showered down on them stones his son, Lope Vasquez d'Acuiha, Vasco Mar;tin d'Acunha, Lope and flints to their great annoyance: they would have done more, if Diaz d'Azevedo, Vasco Martin de Merlo, Gonzalves de Merle, all the archers had not made good use of' their bows: few, after some great barons. The abbot of Aljubarota, the abbot of St. Mary, in time, dared to show themselves on the bulwarks, for they killed and Estremadoura, sir Alvarez Pereira, marshal of Portugal, Joao Rod- wounded many. The bailiff of the town was so severely struck by riguez Pereira, Joao Gomez de Silva, Joao Rodriguez de Sa, and an arrow, which pierced his helmet and head, that he was forced to many other Portuguese knights, were there seated; for not one Eng- be carried to his house. The ill-intentioned in the place were not lishman was at the table that day, but served their guests. There sorry at this, because he would not consent to a surrender. This were numbers of minstrels, who played their parts well; and the accident, however, did not cause the defence to be weakened; on duke gave them and the heralds one hundred nobles each. the contrary, they were the more active; and the attack continued When this festival was ended, they took a most firicndly leave of until night, when the enemy souided a retreat. Many were wounded each other, until they should meet again. The king returned to on each side. The English returned to their quarters, fully deterOporto, and the duke to Melga;o, from whence he journeyed toward mined to renew the attack on the morrow, and to gain the place by Saint Jago. The count de Novaire escorted him with one hundred capitulation or storm. Portuguese lances, until he was out of all danger, when he took "During the night, the inhabitants held a meeting and said:' We leave and returned to Portugal. The duchess was very impatient are mad, thus to suffer ourselves to be killed and wounded for noth. for the duke's return, to hear how the conferences had passed; of ing. Why do not we act like the other towns which have surren. CoUfre, you may suppose, she received him with joy. She asked dered? They have yielded themselves to the duke of Lancaster what he thought of the king of Portugal. "On my faith," replied and the lady Constance, daughter to king don Pedro, on condition the duke, "he is an agreeable man, and has the appearance of being that, if the rest of the towns in Spain acknowledge him for king, a valiant one, and I think he will reign powerfully; for he is much they will do the same: in which they have acted wisely, for they beloved by his subjects, who say that they have not been so fortunate have remained unmolested.''In God's name,' said others,' we in a king for these hundred years. He is but twenty-six years old, wanted to do so, but our bailiff persuaded us to the contrary, for and, like the Portuguese, strong, and well formed in his limbs and which he has paid severely; for there is a great chance if he will body to go through much labor and pain." " Well, and what was ever recover from the wound in his head.''Let us go,' said some, done in regard to the marriage?" said the duchess. "I have given'and speak with him, and ask how we had best act now; for the him one of my daughters." "Which?" asked the duchess. " I English will certainly return to-morrow, and conquer us by fair or offered him the choice of Catherine or Philippa; for which he foul means.' This proposition was adopted, and twelve of the printhanked me much, and has fixed on Philippa." "He is in the right," cipal townsmen went to the bailiff's house, whose name was, I besaid the duchess; "for my daughter Catherine is too young for lieve, Diantale de LUon. They found him lying on a couch, his him." wound having been just dressed; and, as it had so lately happened, The duke and duchess passed the time as well as they could: he did not suffer much from it, and made good cheer to those among -vinter was approaching, though in Galicia the severity of that sea- them whom he knew, and had come to see him. He inquired how,son is scarcely felt; for it is always there so warm, that some fruits the attack had been carried on, and if they had well defended them.,are eatable; even in March, and beans, peas, and grass, are high and selves. They said,'Tolerably well; and, thanks to God, no one,,flourishing in February. Their hay-harvest is over before Midsunm- excepting himself, of any consequence, had been hurt; but to-morrow umer-day; and, by that time their corn is, in several places, con- will be the day, for we are assured we shall be very hard pushed; Fpletely ripe. and such ignorant and simple persons as ourselves will never be able to withstand their attacks. We therefore corie to you for advice how to act. The English menace us greatly; and should they win C H AP T ER X LI. the place by storm, they will put all to the sword, and plunder the.irtiE DUtE OF LAiNCASTEK S MtARSIHAL GAINS FOR HI3I SEVERAL PLaCES IN town.' eAltemIA. TilE CONOUCT OF THIE KIIIXTt OF CAETtLLE. I "'In the name of God,' replied Diantale de L6on,'you can never NoTwmTsSTANmmmNe the dumke of Lancaster lived quietly at St. Jago be blamed for surrendering; but treat prudently, and manage by all,-vith his duchess and children, it wm's not so with his army; for the means to avoid being taken by storm. Offer to put yourselves under * ttodriguez dto Vasommesiloa. the obedience of the duke and duchess of Lancaster, on the same CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 409 terms with those of Coruiia, for no Englishman ever entered that I eonce.' This speech settled the business, and sir Thomas and his town. They sent out to them provisions for money; and, if you company entered the town, his army taking up their quarters in tents will follow my advice, you will do the same. I believe they will be without the walls. The inhabitants sent them twenty-four horse. glad to accept your submission, for there are many other towns in loads of wine, as much bread, and poultry in abandance for the Galicia to conquer, and they will not hold out for trifles.'' You say principal officers. well,' replied the townsmen,' and we will do as you advise.' They I The marshal remained the whole day in Pontevedra, to arrange then left him, and passed the night as well as they could. By sun- a government for the duke of Lancaster. He appointed an honest rise, on the morrow,-they had properly instructed seven of the prin- Gallcian governor, who had followed the duchess to England, with cipal inhabitants, whom they sent out of the town to treat with sir whom the inhabitants were satisfied. On the morrow, he returned'homnas Moreaux: they met him on his march to renew the attack. to his army, and in a council he determined to march against another town that was rebellious, called Vigo, six leagues distant firom Pontevedra, They instantly began their march; and, =......::-._~;_~;~_5~: L/-;._~):-:-?'-~ —::~_ —~:.:_:-':: when within two leagues of the place, they sent forward to klnow if they would _zzz_:~.~: —---— ~-: 1.,l ~:-~................. -surrender, as Pontevedra and other towns had done, which, if they refused,.::-~~ -- -- ~they might rest assured they should be attacked in the morning. The inhabit. =.- {lt —-- — _-. __-_-d___. ___.__ ants paid no attention to this menace, ATTACK:_ -— N' —~ —- TS F OF;;:.and said, that they had often had as..~_~~~~~ i~ —-' —~~~-~~-~~~ ~....saults, but had never been the worse for..::: —g__C~-7~,iI.~.. __- -them. When this answer was carried -century-.... woud__.:,.to the marshal, he swore by St. George armed, they should be attacked in earnest. aid'What! are the scoundrels so proud to send me such an answer?' They passed $e cs the night comfortably with what they'1:...in_ brought with them, and on the morrow Yave,p oviby sunrise were on their march to Vigo. those, wIho a1'.:' It was near ten o'clock when they came before the town, and each party made preparations for the attack and t &"i: defence. Vigo, though not a large one who town, is sufficiently strong; and had him int rllglish allthere been within it some knights and squires, who understood their profession, I do not believe the English would have gained it so easily as they did; for the _________ —-___~~"~ -- " - -'-moment the inhabitants felt the arrows ATl'TAcK oN TIE U'ORTIFICATIONS OF PONTEVELDRA. Composed from Harleian MS., 4425, and MS. Froissart ofthe lth of the English and saw many killed and century. wounded by them, for they were badly armed, they were panic-struck, and said,' Why do we let ourselves be killed They cast themselves on their knees, and, having saluted him, said, and wounded for the king of Castille? We may as well have the My lord, we are sent hither by the inhabitants of Pontevedra, who duke of Lancaster, who married the daughter of don Pedro, for our offer to place themselves under the obedience of the duke and duchess king, as the son of don Henry of Transtamare. We must know, that of Lancaster, on the same terms which those of Corufia have ob- if we be taken by storm, our lives will be forfeited and our town tained. This they have ordered us to tell you, and also that you may plundered, and there does not seem succor coming to us from any have provision in plenty on paying a fair price. It is the wish of quarter. A month ago, we sent a remonstrance to the king of Castille those who have sent us, that you push them no farther, and that at Burgos on our situation, and the peril we should be in, if the English neither yourself nor any from you enter the place armed and by marched hither, as we heard they intended doing. The king indeed force; but that if you or any others be desirous of courteously enter- spoke to the French knights who are with him on the matter, but no ing the town, they shall be welcome.' The marshal had with him orders were given for any men.at-arms to be sent hither as a garrison, one who understood perfectly the Galician tongue, who repeated to any more than to other parts of Galicia, which plainly showed it Waas him in English all that had been said. The marshal replied,' Return indifferent to the king whether we were won or not. He told our quickly to your town, and let those who have sent you come to the envoys to return and do as well as they could. This proves he does harriers. I will grant them respite until to-morrow at sunrise, should not wish us to be slain, nor the place taken by storm.' we not make a satisfactory agreement.' They promised to comply "On saying this, some of the townsmen mounted over the gatewith his command, and departed. When arrived at the barriers, way, and from a window made signs they wished for a parley, to they found there the greater part of the townsmen waiting, to whom treat of peace. They were observed; and the marshal, going thither, they told all that had passed between.them and the marshal; add- asked what they wanted. They said;' Marshal, order your men to ing,'The marshal will soon be here himself: therefore, if you do retire: we will submit ourselves to the duke and duchess of Lan. not think yourselves of sufficient consequence to parley with him, caster, on the same terms as those of Coruiia and other towns have hasten those hither whom you may wish, for.' obtained; and if you want provisions, you shall courteously have "As the principal inhabitants were at the barriers, they saw sir them from us; but we will not suffer any one to enter the town by Thomas Moreaux, with about forty lances, advancing, who on his force of arms. This is our proposal, and by this we mean to abide.' arrival dismounted, and his companions likewise. He addressed The marshal was advised to answer,' I agree to your terms; but I them as follows: You, the inhabitants of Pontevedra, have sent to must appoint an able governor, to counsel and defend you, should us seven of your brother townsmen, and persons in whom I am sat- there be any need of it.' They answered, they would also admit of isfied you have confidence: they have told us that you are willing to this. Thus was the treaty concluded; and, on the assault ceasing, submit yourselves to the duke and duchess of Lancaster, on the same the army retreated from before it into the plain. The marshal, sir terms which those of Corunfia have obtained, but that you wvish to Evan Fitzwarren, sir John Abuurelle,* the lord de Pommiers, and have no other governors but yourselves. Now tell me, I beg of you, sir John d'Ambreticourt, entered the town to refiresh themselves, what sovereignty my lord would have if he had not his own officers where they remained the whole day. Those without the walls rein the town? When you pleased you would acknowledge him for ceived bread, wine, and other provision from the town in abundance. your king, andv when you pleased disavow him. Know, that it is "After the conquest of Vigo, where the lords had availed themmy iattention, as well as that of those around me, to give you a wise, selves of the opportunity to refresh themselves at their ease, for it is valiant and prudent governor, who will defend you and do ample situated in a rich country, and had nominated as governor an Engtittice to all alike, and I mean to thrust out the officers of the king lish squire called Thomas Albery, a prudent and valiant man, to of Castille: let me hear, therefore, if you consent to these terms, for whom they gave twelve archers for his defence, they marched. firom seh are our fixed resolutions..' They requested leave to consult thence, skirting the mountains and borders of Castille, toward the together, and having done so, replied:'My lord, we have the fullest large town of Bayona. When they had advanced within two leagues confidence in you, but we are afraid of pillagers; for we have for- of the place, they halted and toolt up their quarters for the night. merly been so ill treated by persons of that description, when sir On the morrow, they dislodged and marched in battle-array to BayBertrand du Guesclin and the Bretons first came hither: tihey left ona. When near, they formed themselves into two diyisions, and us not a rag, and we are in dread of the like happeningagain.''You sent forward a herald to learn the intentions of the inhabitants, need not, said sir Thomas,'for no pillager shall ever enter your whether they would surrender without being assaulted. The herald towaan. You shlall lose noa:ing by us: all we want is your obedi* I imagine this muit be ratended for sir Hugh lord Burnel. See Dugdzelc. 410 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRAN CE, SPAIN, &c. had not far to go; and, when arrived at the barriers, he found plenty gerous to pass. While waiting for a change in the weather, thev of common people there, though badly armed, to whom he delivered held a council, whether they should march for Betancos or Rilada. his message; for he well understood their language, being a Portu- via, which is a strong town, inhabited by the most insolent and treach guese. His name was Coihbra, and attached to the king of Por- erous people in all Galicia. On the fifth day, the English dislodged tugal.' You men of the town,' said he,'what are your intentions? firom Bayona, anid took the field. The weather was now temperate, Will you suffer yourselves to be attacked, or will you surrender and the rivers, to their great joy, reduced to their usual size. They quietly to your sovereigns, the duke and duchess of Lancaster? My rode toward Ribadavia without any opposition; and, as no one lord marshal and his companions send me hither to know what you came out against them, they thought themselves lords of Galicia, mean to do.' Upon this they collected together and began to talk They arrived near the town, with a large train of baggage, horses aloud, saying,'What shall we do? Shall we defend ourselves, or and victuallers, and encamped in a grove of olive trees on a hand. surrender?' An old man who had learnt experience, from having somne plain, about half a league from the place. They resolved to seen more than they had, addressed them:' My good sirs, in our send a herald to parley with the townsmen, before they made any situation we must not hold long councils; and the E-nglish are very preparations for the attack; for the marshal well knew tey were courteous in thus allowing us time to deliberate. You are aware the falsest and worst people in all Castille, extensive as it:s; and that we have not any hopes of succor; for the king of Castille, who that they paid no regard to the king, nor to any one but themselves, knows our situation well, and has done so since the arrival of the depending on the strength of their town. duke and duchess at Coru~a, has not provided any resources for us, " The herald, before i he set out, was charged to learn their inten nor does he seem inclined so to do. If we, therefore, allow our- tions; but, when he came to the barriers, he found them and the selves to be attacked, the town is so large and ill fortified, we can- gate closed. He shouted and called, but received no answer whatnot guard the whole; and the English are subtle in war: they will ever. He saw, indeed, several pass backward and forward on the exert themselves to conquer us, in hopes of plunder; for they are, battlements; but for all he could do, not one would come and speak like all men-at-arms, eager to enrich themselves; and this town is with him, though he remained an hour thus bawling to them. Findsupposed to be more rich than in fact it is. I therefore think it most ing he could not obtain a hearing, he said to himself,'I fancy these advisable that we quietly submit to the duke and duchess of Lancaster, men of Ribadavia have had some communication with those of Bayand, by not foolishly resisting, lose more, but obtain peace on ad- ona, who are vexed they should have given me twenty florins for vantageous terms. This is the advice I give you.' They replied, so little trouble, and want to make me here pay for it. By holy they would follow it; and as hlie was a man of consideration in Bay- Mary! I believe they wish to keep me until it be late, and then ona, they requested him to answer the herald.'I will cheerfully seize and hang me.' On saying this, he remounted his horse, and do so; but we must give him some money, which will bind him to returned to the marshal and his army. On his arrival, he was asked our interests, and induce him to make a favorable report to his lords.' what news, and whether the inhabitants of Ribadavia would surren On this he advanced to the herald, and said:'You will return to der as the other towns had done, or force theim to the attack?''By your lords, and assure them we are willing to put ourselves under my troth,' replied the herald,' I know not what they mean to do; for the obedience of the duke and duchess of Lancaster, in the same they are so proud, that though I bawled to them for an hour, they manner other towns in Galicia have done, or may'do. Now, go and never deigned to give me any answer.' Sir John Burnel then said, do our business well, and we will give you twenty florins.' The'[ Hast thou seen no one? Perhaps they are fled, and have left their herald was delighted on hearing this speech, and the promise of town for fear of us.''Fled!' replied the herald:'begging your par. twenty florins; and said,'Where are the florins?' They were in- don, my lord, they disdain to do such a thing as fly; and befbre you stantly paid down, and he set off, gayly, to rejoin the English army. conquer themi, they will give you more plague than all the other "The marshal and his companions, on seeing him return, asked towns in Galicia together. Know that there are plenty of men what news he had brought.' Do the townsmen mean to surrender within it; for I saw them when I called out, " Listen to me, listen or wait the attack?'' By my faith, my lords,' replied the herald, to me! I am a herald, whom my lord marshal has sent hither to par-'they have no such intentions. They desire me to inform you, they ley and treat with you;" but they gave me no answer, only staring are willing to submit themselves to the duke and duchess, on simi- at me, and bursting out in laughter.''Ah, the insolent scoundrels!' lar terms to those which other towns have obtained; and if you will said the marshal:' by St. George, they shall be well punished for go thither, they will gladly receive you.'' WVell,' said the marshal,'it this; and, unless my lord of Lancaster shall order otherwise, never is better we thus gain the place than *by assault; for our men, at will I quit this place until I have reduced it under his obedience. least, will neither be wounded nor slain.' The marshal and his Let us now eat and drink to refresh ourselves, and then march to army marched at a foot's-pace to the town, where he dismounted, the assault; for I will see this town nearer, and what is its strength, and went to the barrier and gate. There were numbers of people that makes the scoundrels thus-insolent, and induces them to hold us assembled, but their whole armors were not worth ten francs, to see so cheap.' the English; and the person who had given the answer to the he- " When they had finished their repast, they mounted their hoises, tald was there also, to conclude a treaty. The moment the herald and, with trumpets sounding, rode gently on, for the weather was as perceived him, he said to the marshal,' My lord, speak to that el- sweet as in the month of May. On coming before the place, some 4erly man who is bowing to you, for he has the greatest weight in knights and squires, to make a display, galloped up to the barriers, tho -.lace.' T'e, maisnrna advanced, and said,'Now, what have you where they found a large body of cross-bowmen drawn up in front to say: Will you surrender yourselves to my lord, the duke of of the gate, who, by their shooting, lkilled and wounded many horses. Lancaster, and to his duchess, as to your legal sovereigns?''Yes,' The archers then advanced, and, posting themselves on the bank of my lord,' replied the old man:'we surrender ourselves to you, and the ditch, and at the barriers, attacked the cross-bowmen. Thile as. acknowledge them for our lords, as other towns in Galicia have sault was severe, and lasted a considerable time; for the town was done; and, if you and your companions please to enter the town, tolerably strong, and difficult to be conquered. One side is situated you are welcome; but on condition that, should you want provision, on a perpendicular rock, impossible to be mounted: the other, in. you do not seize it, but loyally pay for whatever you may take.' I deed, is on the plain, but surrounded by wide ditches, which, though agree to this,' said the marshal;'for we only desire the love and obe- not filled with water, cannot easily be ciossed. The knights and die,nce of the country; but you must swear, that should the king of squires, however, did cross them, and ascended the banks to the walls, Castille come in person, or send hither any troops, you will defend with targets on their heads, to defend themselves from the arrows, yourselves boldly against him and all his allies.''We willingly or whatever might be thrown down from the battlements. The arch. swear this; and should he come himself, or send any troops, we will ers shot so well, that scarcely any dared show themsalves; and this remain steady to your interest; for you will never find any deceitin attack was long continued, many on each side being killed or us.' I ain satisfied,' answered the marshal,' and do not require wounded. Toward evening, it ceased, on the trumpets sounding the more. Before the expiration of the year, the dispute will be de- retreat; and the English returned to their camp, where they madci cided; and the crown of Castile, Cordova, Galicia, and Seville, themselves comfortable, and attended to their wounded. Thierry de will fall to the strongest; for, by the end of August, there will be Soumain was so badly wounded in the arm at the barriers, by a bolt such numbers of men-at-arms in Castile as have not been seen for from a cross-bow, that it was necessary to have it forced through the these hundred years.'' Well, nay lord,' answered the elder,' let arm; he was upward of a month unable to use it, and obliged to happenv what may, and the right fall where it ought, we of Galicia bear it in a scarf. venture to wait the event.'' While the marshal of the duke of Lancaster's army was thus "Upoi this, the holy sacrament was brought, and those who gov- overrunning and turning Galicia to his interest, the duke and duchess, erned the town swore upon it to behave loyally and faithfully, like with their children, resided quietly at St. Jago. They heard fregood subjects, to the duke and duchless of Lancaster, and to acknow- quently from the king of Portugal,. as a continual intercourse was ledge them as their sovereigns, in the same manner as other towns kept up between thenm on their mutual affairs. King John of Cas. had done. The marshal, in the name of the duke of Lancaster re. tille. held his court at Valladolid, attended by the French knigfhts, ccived theI, as his subjects, and swvore to defend and govern them whom he frequently consulted on the state of his kingdom; fom he in peace and justice. When all this had been done, the barriers was perfectly acquainted with everything that was passing around and gamtes were thrown open, when all entered who chose, and lodged him. I-Ie said to them.,' My fair sirs, I greatly marvel that r~o sucthemselves where they could. They remnained there four days, to cor comes to me from France, to assist me in my distress;, Lir my recruit themselves and horses, and also to wait for fair weather; for, country will be lost, if no reinforcements arrive to prevent it. The during these four days, it rained incessantly, and the rivers were English keep the field; and I know for truth,. that the duke of Lanmuch swelled. There are, in Galicia, many rivers which are so caster and king of Portugal have had an interview, and that the last greatly increased by the mouitain-torrents, that they are very dan- is to marry one of thie duke's daughters, for she has been betrothed CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANC E, SPAIN, &ce 411'o him; and, as soon as this marriage shall have. taken place, you of Burgundy, on leaving Valenciennes, went to Douay and Anrras, will see them unite together and enter my kingdom, and,'when wvhere the duchess was waiting for him. From Senlis the king of mlited, they will prove too much for me.' The French knights, to France came to Compiegne, Noyon, Peronne, Bapaume and Arras comfort him, replied,' Do not be uneasy: if the English gain on and there were such numbers of men-at-arms pouring into those one side they lose on another. We have certain intelligence, that countries from all quarters, that everything was destroyed or devoured the king of France, with upward of an hundred thousand armed without a farthling being paid for anything. The poor farmcrs; who men, has at this moment invaded England to conquer and destroy had filled their barns with grain, had only the straw, and, if tlhey that whole country. When that shall be accomplished, and Eng- complained, were beaten or killed. The fish-ponds were drained of land reduced to a state of subjection from whence it can never rise, fish, and the houses pulled down for firing, so that if the English had the king of France and his army will embark on board their navy, been there, they could not have committed greater waste than this whuich is so considerable, and disembark during the course of the French army did. They said, "We have not at present any moley, summer at Corufia. He will reconquer in one month more than but shall have enough on our return, when we will pay for all." The you have lost during the year, and surround the duke of Lancaster farmers, not daring to speak out, cursed them inwardly, on seeing in such a manner that you will see him fly to Portugal. Thus will them seize what was intended for their families; and said, " Go, go you be revenged of your enemies; for be assured, that if France to England, and may never a soul of you come back." were not at this moment occupied with the conquest of England, The king of France arrived at Lille, with his two uncles of Buryou would have had, some time since, three or four thousand lances gundy and Bourbon; but the duke of.Berry still remained behind, in friom thence. The king of France, his uncles and council, have a his own country, arranging his affairs. With the king were the duke great affection for you, and are very anxious to put an end to your of Bar, the duke of Lorraine, the count d'Armagnac, the count de war. Never mind if the English keep the field, and borrow from Savoye, the count dauphin d'Auvergne, the count de Geneve, the you a little of your kingdom: before St. John's day shall come, count de St. Pol, the count d'Eu, the count de Longueville, the lord they will be forced to restore the whole of it baclk to you.' de Coucy, sir William de Namur, and so many of the great lords of "Such were the conversations that frequently passed at Valladolid France that I can never name them. It was said that twenty thou. between the king of Castille and his council, with the French knights. sand knights and squires were to embark for England, which was The king, having such an opinion of them, believed all they said, indeed a goodly company, with about the same number of cross-bows, and took comfort. They indeed thought what they had said was including the Genoese, and twenty thousand stout varlets. truth; for they concluded the king of France had invaded England, Sir Oliver de Clisson was still in Brittany makinghis preparations, according to the rumors spread throughout Castille. You must know and equipping his fleet at the port of Treguier, firom whence hlie in. that the duke of Lancaster did not hear from his people one quarter tended to embark his wooden town, that was to be put together, and of what was told them by pilgrims and merchants from Flanders; erected on his landing in England, as you have before heard. The and, though the king of Portugal wrote frequently to inquire after the flower of Breton chivalry was to accompany the constable, such as duke's health, these rumors prevented him firom hastening his pre- the viscount de Rohan, the lords de Rays, de Beaumanoir, de Laval, parations, and firom demanding the lady Philippa for his queen. His de Rochefort, de Malestroit, the viscount de Comber, sir John de council said, that as all the intelligence from France and Flanders Malestroit, the lord de Dinant, the lord d'Ancenis, and five hundred agreed England to be in a most perilous state of being destroyed, spears, all picked men. The constable had always declared, that no neither the alliance nor marriage with the duke of Lancaster or his'one ought to be employed on this expedition if he were not a good daughter would be of any advantage to him, and that he should dis- man.at-arms and such as could be depended on. He hal said to the sernhie his thoughts, but still preserve an outward appearance of great admiral; "Be careful not to suffer any boys or servants to embark. affection to the duke and duchess, by letters and otherwise, until hlie on board the fleet, for they will do us more harm than good." And should see what turn affairs would take." the knights, unless they were of high rank, or had hired vessels for We will now for a while leave speaking of Spain and Portugal, themselves, were not allowed to take with them more than one horse and return to France. and one servant. To say the truth, their arrangements were very well made: and it was the opinion of many, that if the army could CHAPTER XLII. have been landed together at the place they had fixed on in Orwell bay, the whole country would have been thrown into confusion. In. E SI OF FRANC os TO ILLEi TIE INTENT TO INVADE EN- deed, I believe there was little doubt of it; for the great lords, such LAND. SIt SIMONz BURLEY ADV`ISES TH1E REMOVAL OF TilE SHRINE OF as prelates, abbots, and rich citizens, were panic-struck, but the comST. THOMAS A BECKET FROM CANTERBUELY TO DOVER CASTLE, FORl FEAR OF THEECIOMAS A BECKET FROM CANTERBURY TO coy i CASTLE, FOR FEAR monalty and poorer sort held it very cheap. Such knights and slquires as were not rich, but eager for renown, were delighted, and said tc AT this period, (1386,) the number of ships, galleys, and vessels of each other, " Lord, what fine times are coming, since the king oi every description, which had been collected to carry over to England France intends to visit us! He is a valiant king and of great enter. the king of France and his army, were so great, that the oldest mani prise: there has not been such a one in France these three hundred then living hiad never seen nior heard of the like. Knights and squires years. He will make his people good men-at-arms; and blessed may were arming on all sides, and, when they quitted their homes, they he be for thinking to invade us; for certainly we shall be all slain said; "We will invade these cursed English, who have done such or made powerfully rich: one or the other must happen." mischief to France, and now avenge ourselves for the losses they If the preparations for this invasion were great in France, those in have caused us by the death of our fhthers, brothers, or friends." It England, for its defence, were not less so, as I have before mentioned, was twelve weeks before all the purveyances of the different lords and will therefore slightly return to it. The taxes in England were were ready and embarked, so grandly had they provided themselves. equally heavy with those in France; but though they were very op. The report was kept up for some time in Flanders, that the king pressive, the common people said they ought not to complain, fdr would be there on the morrow, to hasten them. Men were coni- they were raised for the defence of the country, and paid to knights tinually arriving from Gascony, Armagnac, the Toulousain, Bigorre, and squires to guard their lands, and they were their laborers, who Comminges, Auvergne, Berry, Limousin, Poitou, Anjou, Maine, Brit- provided them with food, and the sheep from whom they took the tany, Touraine, Blois, Orleans, Beauce, Normandy, Picardy, and wool; but, if England should be conquered, they would be the from every province in France, who quartered themselves in Flanders greatest losers. No one was exempted from the payment of these and Artois. taxes; so that two millions of florins were raised for the defence of When the middle of August came, which was the time fixed on the country, and paid into the hands of the archbishop of York, for the invasion taking place, in order the more to hasten those from the earl of Oxford, sir Nicholas Bramber, sir Michael de la Pole, sir the distant parts of the realm; and, to show that the king was in Simon Burley, sir Peter Gouloufre, sir Robert Tresilian, sir John earnest to embarlk, he took leave of queen Blanche, the duchess of Beauchamp, sir John Salisbury, and others of the k-ing's privy council, Orleans, and the other princesses. He heard a solemn mass in the who were appointed receivers and paymasters of the above sum, for church of N6tre Dame at Paris, and it was his intention, when he the king's uncles were not consulted in the business. Tlhey would should quit Paris, never to reenter it until Ihe had landed in England; not interfere, nor by so doing throw the kingdomn into trouble, but and of this all the principal cities and towns were persuaded. The exerted themselves to the utmost in putting all the coast in a good king of iFrance went to Senlis, whither he was accoimpanied by his state of defence; for they most assuredly thought the king of France queen: the duke of Berry was in Berry, though his purveyances were would attempt to land his army in England during the course of the collectinm in Flanders and at Sluys, like the others. The duke of summer. The before-named receivers did in the kinr's name as Burgundy vwas also in his own country, but he bade adieu to his they thought proper in respect to this tax; but the earl of Oxford d acheses and children, and set off for Flanders, mneaning to take leave was the most active, and made the greatest advantage of it. Everyof his aunt, the duchess of Brabant, in his way thither. On his de- thing was done by him, and without his consent nothrsing; for which, p:Irsie from Burgtndy, he travelled in great pomp and magnificence, when this alarm was over, the people were much di stisfied, aisd rttended by the admiral of France and the lord Guy de ha Triimouille, wanted to know what had becolne of the large sums thlat had been unto Bruissels, where the duchess and her ladies received him a'nd raised; and the principal cities and towns, urged on by the kingug'a his compansy with great joy. He tarried there two days, and then uncles, would have an account how tlsey had been disbursed, as I weist-to Mons in Hainault, where he found his daughter madanme will relrite in proper time and place, for I wish not that anything d'Ostrevant, duke Albert, and his son the lord William of Hainault, should Se forgotten in this history. count d'Ostrevant, who entertained them handsonmely, and conducted Sir Simon Burley was governor of Dover castle, and, from his the duke to Valenciennes, where he was lodged in the apartments of situ~ation, received frequent intelligence from France by the fishermen the count, and duke Albert at the hotel of Vicongneras. The duke of the town, who related to him what they heard from the Frenchi 112 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. fishermen, as they were often obliged to adventure as far as Wissan their all; for everything was so dear in Flanders, they had difficulty or Boulogine to obtain good fish. When the fishermen from France in procuring bread or wine. If they wished to pawn their wages or met themi at sea, they told them enough, and more than they knew; arms, they could not obtain a farthing for what, when new, had cost or, though there were. wars between France and England, they were them large sums. There were such crowds at Bruges, Damme, Ar. never interrupted in their pursuits, nor attacked each other, but, on dembourg, and particularly at Sluys, when the king arrived, that it the contrary, gave mutual assistance, and bought and sold, according was difficult to find any lodgings. as either had more fish than they were in want of; for, if they were The lords de St. Pol, de Coucy, d'Antoing, and the dauphin of to meddle in the national quarrels, there would be no fishing, and Auvergne, with other barons fiom France, remained at Bruges, to none would attempt it unless supported by men-at-arms. Sir Simon learnt from the fishermen that the king of France was absolutely determined on the invasion; that he intended to land one division at or near Dover, and another at Sandwich, and that his forces were immense. He, as well as the rest of England, believed all this was a_ _ = true; and one day he set out for Canterbury _ _____ to visit the abbey, which is very large and _ _ handsome; near it is Christ-church, which is also rich and powerful. The abbot inquired, "What news?" and sir Simon told him all he knew, adding, that the shrine of St. Thomas, so respect- able and rich, was not safe in Canterbury, o Do for the town was not strong; and if the French should come, some of the pillagers, ___ through avarice, would make for Canter. bury, which they would plunder, as well some as your abbey, and make particular in. quiries after the shrine, and will take it away, to your great loss. I would there. fore advise, that you have it carried to Dover castle, where it will be perfectly safe, though all England were lost." The abbot and all the convent were so angered at this speech, though meant well, that they e replied, "How! sir Simon, would you wish to despoil this church of its jewel? If you are afraid yourself, gain courage, GENERAL VIIEW OFSLuYS. From an old plan, in Flandria Illustratae by Ant. Sanderus and shut yourself up in your castle of Dover, for the French will not be bold enough, nor in sufficient force, to adventure themselves so far." This was be more at their ease, and every now and then rode over to Slays, the only answer he had; but sir Simon persisted so long in his pro- to inquire from the king when they were to embark. Thry were position, that the common people grew discontented, and held him told, within three or four days; or when the duke of Beny should for an ill-inclined person, which, as I shall relate, they afterwards arrive, or when the wind was favorable. There was always some showed more plainly. Sir Simon made but a short stay and returned delay; but the time passed, and the days became shorter and cold, to Dover. with bad weather. Many of the lords were discontented they were so long in embarking, for their provision would be spoiled. C H APT ER XL II I. While they were waiting for the duke of Berry and the constable, mucTHE KING OF FRANCE ViSITS HIS FLEET AT sLvuYs. THE KING OF ARME- the king of Armenia, who resided in France, on a pension friom the NI cossS TO ENGLAND, TO ATTEMPT A REcoNcILIATION BETWEN king of six thousand francs, desirous to make a journey to England, TlHE TWO KINGS. THE ANSWER HE REcEIvES. in hopes of bringing about a peace, or at least a truce between the two kings, left his hdtel of St. Ouen, near St. Denis, and, with few THE king of France, to show his impatience for the invasion and attendants, travelled to Boulogne, where he hired a vessel, and, hav. his dislike of being at too great a distance, came to Sluys. The ing a favorable wind, landed at Dover. He found there the earls of report was now daily current in Flanders and Artois," The king will Cambridge and Buckingham, with a hundred men-at-arms and two embark Saturday, Tuesday, or Thursday." Every day of the week thousand archers to guard the place; for the rumor ran, that the they said," He will embark to-morrow, or the day after." The duke French intended landing there, or at Sandwich. At this last pl-ace of Touraine,t the king's brother, the bishop of Beauvais, chancellor, were the earls of Arundel and Northumberland. At Orwell, the and other great lords, had taken leave of the king at Lille, and re- earlsof Oxford, Pembroke, and Nottingham, and sir Reginald Cobturned to Paris. I believe, indeed it was assured me for fact, that ham, with three thousand infantry. The king and part of his counthe duke was appointed regent during the king's absence, in con- cil remained in London, where he had intelligence daily from the junction with the count de Blois and other principal barons, who had different ports. The king of Armenia, on his arrival at Dover, was not been ordered on the invasion. The duke of Berry was still be- very well received, and conducted by some knights to the uncles of hind, though he was advancing slowly, for he had no great desire to the king, who entertained him handsomely, as they knew well how go to England. The king of France and duke of Burgundy were to do. At a proper opportunity they asked him whither he came, much vexed at his delay, and wished his arrival: however, the em- and what were the reasons of his visiting England. To these quesbarkation of stores continued at a vast expense to the great lords: tions he answered, that, in hopes of doing good, he had come to for what was worth only one franc they were made to pay four; and wait on the king of England and his council, to see if, by any means, those who were hoping speedily to cross over valued not their money he could negotiate a peace between him and the king of France. in making preparations, but seemed desirous to rival each other in ", For this war," added the king of Armenia, "is not very becoming expense. between them: the long continuance of it has greatly emboldened If the principal lords were well paid, those of inferior rank suffered and raised the pride of the Turks and Saracens. No one now makes for it, as there was a month's pay due to them, for which the pay- any opposition to them; and this has been the cause why I have master of the forces was unwilling to account; andhe and the clerks lost my crown and kingdom; nor have I any chance of recovering of the treasury told them to wait another week, and they should be them, until a firm peace be established in Christendom. I would satisfied. Thus were they put off from week to week; and when willingly explain this matter, which so nearly touches every true they made them any payments, it was only for eight days, when Christian, to the king of England, as I have done to the king of eight weeks were due. Some, who were so treated, became melan- France." choly, and said the expedition would never succeed; and foreseeing The English lords sed him, "if the king of Frace had sen what would happen, whenever they could amass any money, like him?" He said, "No one had sent him: that he had come f bus wise men, set out on their return home. The poor knights and __________________________________________________________________ England and his council, and to try if they would listen to terms of - The walls of Canterbury were much out of repair; and there is an order now ex- peace." They then asked "where the king of France was." " I isting for their reparation, from the court of Chancery, in the 19th year of Richard II. — believe he is now at Sluys; but I~ ave not seen him since I took HLon/sED'S coutot. my leave of him at Senlis." " How. can you then think of forming' Lois, count of Valois, the! king's brother, did not enj oy the title of dure of Tou- a treaty, when you have not been so'harged by him? Should you ai/ne till the return of this fruitless expedition. He wnes afterwards created duke of Orleans.-E~D enter into any terms with the king, our nephew, and his council, and CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 413 the king of France, in the mean time, sail from Slays, and disembark lords paid no attention to it, and sent him to France; for they were his large army in England, you would be much blamned, and your resolved to sail the first fair wind for England, after the arrival of person riun great risks friom the people." The king of Armenia re- the duke of Berry and the constable. Hitherto the wind had been plied, "1[ have the greatest confidence in the king of France, to unfavorable: it would never have served them to land in those parts whom I have sent messengers to entreat he would neither embark they intended to attempt, but was very fair to carry them to Scotland. nor put to sea until I be returned to Slays; and I am convinced he is so noble and considerate, that he will comply with my request. I therefore beg of you, through pity and love of goodness, to procure CHAPTER XLIV. me an interview with the king of England, that I may speak to him, for I desire to see him; or if you, who are his uncles, and the most THE DUE OF BERRY LEAVES PARIS FOR SLUYS. THE CONSTABLE, AFTER powerful of his subjects, be authorized to give me answers to my SUFEri MANY DELAYS FO CONTRAR INS, T LENTH JONs demands, I hope that you will instantly do so." Thomas, earl of TH ING OF ACE. Buckingham, said, "King of Armenia, we are solely ordered here THE duke of Berry arrived at Paris, and, after hearing mass at the by the kirg and his council, to guard and defend the frontiers, and church of N6tre Dame, took his leave, making it to be understood we do not any way concern ourselves with the government of the that he would never return until he had been in England, although realm, unless we be specially commanded by him. Since motives his intentions were quite the contrary; for, as the season was so far of goodness, or the appearance of them, have brought you hither, advanced, he had no desire to undertake it. On his road, he daily you are welcome; but you must not expect to receive from us any received letters and messengers firom the king and the duke of Burdefinitive answers to such demands as you may make; and, though gandy, to hasten him, and to say they were only waiting for his we are not now of the king's council, we will have you conducted to coining to embark. The duke of Berry continued his march, though London without danger or expense." The king of Armenia replied, by short days' journeys. The constable of France embarked at Tre"That he greatly thanked them, and wished for nothing more than guier, a town on the sea-coast of Brittany, with a fine body of men-at. to see and converse with the kin, of England." arms, and ample purveyances on board seventy-two large vessels. After having refireshed himself for one day at Dover, and held Some of them were freighted with the wooden town that was to be many conversations with the king's uncles, he set off, well escorted, erected on their landing in England. The constable had a favorable to protect him on the road. He continued his journey until he ar- wind when he left the harbor: but, when he approached the English rived at London, where he was much stared at by the Londoners: coast, it became contrary, and the farther they advanced the more the better sort, however, showed him every honor and respect. Hay- violent it blew. When opposite to Margate at the mouth of the lag fixed on his lodgings, at a proper time and hour he waited on Thames, the storm was so violent, it dispersed the fleet, whether the the king, who resided in a private manner at the wardrobe; but his mariners would or not, and there were not twenty sail together. Some council were in London, each at his own house; for the Londoners were blown into the Thames, where they were captured by the Engwere so panic-struck, they thought of nothing but how to fortify their lish; and among them was one that had two or three parts of the town. Whetn the arrival of the king of Armenia was publicly known, wooden town on board, and the workmen who were to erect it. the king's council assembled at the wardrobe to learn the news, and They and the town were sent to London, which much pleased the what could have brought that king, at this time of trouble and alarm, king, and the citizens. Seven other vessels of the fleet, laden with to England. The king of Armenia entered the presence-chamber, stores and provision, were driven on the coast of Zealand, and seized; and the two kings having mutually saluted each other, the king of but the constable and his lords, with much difficulty, arrived at Slays, Armenia began his speech, by declaring, the causes for his coming where they were joyfully received by the king and his barons.'The were principally to see the king of England, which he had never moment the king saw the constable, he said; "Constable, what say before done; that hie was much gratified in being in his presence, you? when shall we sail? I have for certain a great desire to see from which he flattered himself good would arise; and also to at- England. I therefore pray you to hasten the business, and that we tempt to avert the great pestilence that was ready to befal England: embark as speedily as possible. My uncle Berry will be here innot that either the king of Franrce or his council had sent him thither, stantly, for he is now at Lille." "Sire," replied the constable, "we for he was come of his own firee will, to endeavor to make a peace or cannot sail until the wind be favorable. This south wind, which is a truce between the two crowns. He paid many compliments both completely against us, has blown so long, that the sailors say they to the king and to his council. He was briefly answered as follows: have never seen it so constant in one point as it has been for these "Sir king, you are welcome to this country, for our king and selves two months." are glad to see you. We must infortn you, that tue king has not all "6Constable," said the king, "on my faith, I have been on board his council at this moment with him, but they will shortly assemble, my ship. I like the sea much, and I believe I shall be a good sailor, as he had summoned them, and you shall then have an answer." for I was not in the least sick." " In the name of God," answered The king of Armenia was contented with this, took his leave, and the constable, "it was not so with me, for we were in great danger returned to the house where he was lodged. Within four days, the in our voyage from Brittany hither." The king would know how, king was advised what answer to make: I believe ihe consulted his and in what manner, which the constable related to him, adding, "By uncles onthe subject, but they were not present when it was given. ill fortune and the storm which blew from the English coast, we have The king, went to Westminster, where his council was assembled, lost our men and vessels, for which I am exceedingly sorry: and if and thither the king of Armenia was invited. When in the presence, I could make up their loss I would, but at this moment it is not the king of England was seated, according to custom, then the king possible." of Armenia and the prelates and lords of the council. The king of Armenia was desired to repeat what he had before told the king and C HA PT ER X LV. a part of his council. He did so in an elegant harangue, showing now Christendom was too much weakened by the destructive wars THE LORD DE GUISTELLES APPEASES AN tNSURRECTION OF THE MEN OF af France and England, and that the knights and squires of the two BRUGES AGAINST THE FRENCH. THE INVASION OF ENGLAND IS GIVEN sountries thought of nothing butjoining one party or other: by which UP, ON ACCOUNT OF CONTARY WINDS, THE NEAR APPROACH OF WINTEn, ihe empire of Constantinople would be destroyed, where formerly AND IN CONFORMITY WITH THE ADVICE OP THE DUKE OF BERRY, WHICIt the gentlemen of France and England used to take pleasure in seek- CAUSES GREAT REJOICINGS IN ENGLAND. Ing, deeds of arms, and that his own kingdom was already lost. He WMILE the king of France and his constable were thus conversing therefore entreated, through the love of God, they would listen to and arranging different matters, winter was begun, and the lords and some terms of peace between the two kings. The archbishop of army lay exposed to the cold, and to some danger; for the Flemings Canterbury, who had beforehand been ordered by the king and coun- wished them away, more especially the lower sorts. They said, when cii to deliver the answer, replied: "King of Armenia, it is not usual, among themselves, " Why the devil does not the king free us friom nor has it ever been admitted, that in such weighty matters as are them, by passing over to England? Are we not sufficiently poor tow in dispute between the king of England and his adversary of without tlhese Frenchmen adding to it?" Others answered, "You France, the king of England should have requests made him, with will not see them cross over this year. They think they shall in. an army ready to invade his country. I will therefore declare our stattly conquer England; but it will not be so: it is not so easy a opinion, that you return to the French army, and prevail on them miatter, for the English are made of other stuff than the French. What to retreat to France; and, when we shall be fully assured that every can they do to England? When the English invaded France, thtey alan has retired to his home, do you return hither, and we will then shut themselves up in their castles and strong towns, and fled before pay attention to any treaty you shall propose." them like larks before a sparrow-hawk." This was the answer the king of Armenia received. He dined It was more particularly in Brugaes, where the greater resort of the,hat day with the king, who paid himn every possible honor, and of. French was, that the discontents were the highest; and the smallest fered him handsome presents of gold and silver; but he refused them trifle was sufficient to set them by the ears. At length it became all, though he had need of them, and would only accept a single ring, serious, and was begun by a few French varlets, who had beaten aud worth one hundred francs. After the dinner, which was splentdid wounded some of the Flemings: thse artificers then rose, and, hsaving and good, he returned to his lodgings, fur he hal received his ttn- armed themaselves, assembled in the market.place. Not one French swer, and on the morrow set oun for Dover, making two days' jni,'- knight or squire would have escaped death; for many of thle Flem ney of it. He there took lea/Ae of the English lords, and embatirked ifogs had stat forgotten the battle of Rosebecque, and were eager to on board a passage-boat to ~alais, whence he went to Slays. He revenge tliselves for their fathers, brothers, or firiends who had reltted to the king of France and his uncles the joutrney he han reude si):ucn there l-hin;:'but God, providentially for the French, sent thither lo England, and what answer he had received: but the king and his tite lord de Guistelles. When he learrnt that tiso common people CHIRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, -PAIN, &c. were arming themselves, and that others were running to their houses When the news of this reached Elngland, those who were afraid of to do the same, he saw the town would be infallibly ruined: he there- the French coming were greatly rejoiced; while otheres were sorry, fore mounted his horse, attended by no more than four or five others, for they expected to have made themselves rich from them. A grand and rode up and down the streets; and, whenever he met any of the feast was given in the city of London to all those who had been ap. townsmen armed going toward the market-place, he said to them; pointed to guard the different harbors. The king kept his Christmas " My good people, what are you about? whither are you going? in a solemn manner, at Westminster, and there created three dukes; Would you ruin yourselves? have you not had enough of war? are first, the earl of Cambridge, duke of York; his brother, the earll of you not every day prevented fiom following your trades? You may Buckingham, duke of Gloucester; the earl of Oxford, duke of' re, so act as to cause the complete destruction of Bruges; for do you not land.* These feasts were long and magnificently continued, a:nd know that the king of France is now in the neighborhood with his the people of England thought they had escaped from great danger; whole army?" Thus did the lord de Guistelles by his kind speeches but others, who had not the same alarms, said, that the army ~end( calm them, and make them return to their homes; but this would navy, which had been so pompously collected at Sluys, were onlI to not have been so easily done, had he not fortunately been in Bruge.s. frighten England, and force the duke of Lancaster to return firom Ga. The barons and knights of France were so much alarmed, they had licia, where he was conquering towns and castles at his pleasure. shut themselves up in their quarters to wait the event. On the arrival of the duke of Berry at Sluys, the king said to him, "Ha, ha, fair uncle, though I was so anxious to see you, you have CHAPTER XLVI. been long in coming: why have you made such delay, when we ought to have been at this moment in England, where we should Two CHAMPIONS TLT T ARs, FOR IFE O DTH. have combated our enemies?" The duke laughed and made his ABOUT this period, there was much conversation in France respect. excuses for the delay, but did not at first deliver his real sentiments: ing a duel which was to be fought, for life or death, at Paris. It had he wished to examine the state of the purveyances and the fleet, been thus ordered by the parliament of Paris, where the cause, which which made so beautiful a show in the road that it was delightful to had lasted a year, had been tried, between a squire called James le see it. He had been at Sluys for more than seven days,'and it was Gris and John de Carogne, both of them of the household of Peter, daily rumored they were to sail on the morrow; but in tru th the wind count d'Alengon, and esteemed by him; but more particularly James was quite contrary to sailing for England. As it was now St. An- le Gris, whom he loved above all others, and placed his whole con. drew's tide, the weather was hazy; and you may judge if this were fidence in him. As this duel made a great noise, many friom distant a fit season for so many noble persons to put to sea as woere nowr parts, oni hearing of it, came to Paris to be spectators. I wvill relate waiting to embark at Sluys, whose stores and provision were o0 tlhe cause as I was then informed. board. Some of the young princes of the blood.-royal, with a desire It chanced that sir John de Carogne took it into his head hlie should to display their courage, had indeed made a few cruises near the har- guis glory if he undertook a voyage to the Holy Land, having long bor, saying, that they would be the first to land in England, should lad an inclination to go thither. Hie took leave of his lord, the count none others venture thither. In this nurmber were sir Rlobert and sir d'Alenqon, and of his wife, who was then a young and handsome Philip d'Artois, sir Henify de Bar, sir Peter de Navarre, sir Peter lady, and left her in his castle, called Argenteil, on the borders of d'Albreth, sir Bernard d'Armagnac, with many more. These young Perche, and beean his journey toward the sea-side. The lady relords, having once begun, were so impatient to sail in earnest, that maoined, with her household, in this castle, living in the most decent a council was held, in the presence of the king, to deteirnine how manner. Now.;'it happened (this is the matter of quarrel) that tIhe they should proceed. The duke of Berry broke up the whole; anid devil, by divers and perverse temptations, entered the body of Jarnmes gave such well-grounded reasons, that the greater part of those who le Gris, a inindluced him to commit a crime, for which he afterwards were the most forward to embark were discouraged; and said it'paid. He cast his thoughts on the lady of sir John de Carogne, would be folly and madness to advise the king, who was then but a' whom he knew to be residing with her attendants, at the castle of child, to put to sea in such weather, and to make war on a people Argenteil. One day, therefore, he set out, mounted on the finest horse and country, whose roads no one was acquainted with, and a country of the count, uanid arrived, full gallop, at Argenteil, where he dis. which was likewise disadvantageous for warlike exploits. " Now, mounted. ThIe servants made a handsome entertainment for hinm, suppose," said the duke of Berry, " we were all landed ill England, because they knew he was a particular friend, and attached to the we cannot fight the English unless they like it, and we dare not leave same lord as their master; and the lady, thinking no ill, received our purveyances behind, for whoever should do so would lose the him with pleasure, led him to her apartment, and showed him many whole. But if any one wished to make this voyage, though of no of her works. James, fully intent to accomplish his wickedness, great length, he would do it in the middle of summer, and not in the begged of her to conduct him to the dungeon, for that his visit was heart of winter. Summon all the sailors who are here, and they will partly to examine it. The lady instantly complied, and led him tell you that what I say is true; and that, notwithstanding the very thither; for, as she had the utmost confidence in his honor, she was numerous fleet we have collected, should we put to sea, of the fifteen not accompanied by valet or chambermaid. As soon as they had enhundred sail, there would never be three hundred together, or within tered the dungeon, James le Gris fastened the door unnoticed by the sight. Now, consider what risks we may run; but I do not say this lady, who was before him, thinking it might have been the wind, as out of any desire to be excused firom being of the part, myself, but he gave her to understand. solely as I believe it sound sense, and that the council, and the ma- When they were thus alone, James enibraced her, and discovered jority of France, are of my way of thinking. I am willing, brother what his intentions were; the lady was much astonished, and would of Burgundy, that you and I undertake this expedition, but I will willingly have escaped had she been able, but the door was fastened; never advise the king to do so; for, should any accident happen to and Jamnes, who was a strong man, held her tight in his arms, and him, the whole blame would be laid on us for having consented to flung her down on the floor, and had his will of her. Immediately it." " In God's name," replied the king of France, "I am resolved afterwards, he opened the door of the dungeon, and made himself to go, should no one follow me." The lords laughed, and said the ready to depart. The lady, exasperated with rage at what had king has a strong inclination to embark. passed, remained silent, in tears; but, on his departure, she said to It was determined in this council, that the invasion should be de- hinm; " James, James, you have not done well in thus deflowering ferred until April or May; and that what stores could be preserved, me: the blame, however, shall not be mine, but the whole be laid such as biscuit, salted meat, and wine, should be put in warehouses: on you, if it please God my husband ever return." James mounted and regulations were made for the men-at-arms to return to Sluys in his horse, and, quitting the castle, hastened backt to his lord, the the month of March. All this was soon known; and thus was the count d'Alenron, in time to attend his rising at nine o'clock; he had grand expedition broken up, which had cost France one hundred been seen in the h6tel of the count at four o'clock that morning. I thousand firancs, thirty times told. The council had ordered that the am thus particular, because all these circumstances were inquired king should return to France, and the different lords to their homes; into, and examined by the commissioners of the parliament, when that all things should remain on the same footing on which they then the cause was before them. rested until the spring, when every one should be prepared to obey The lady de Carogne, onil the day this unfortunate event befel her, the king's summons, and commence their voyage under more for- remained in her castle, and passed it off as well as she could, with. tunate auspices than at this moment. It would have surprised any out mentioning one word of it to either chambermaid or valet, for one to have seen the rage of the knights and squires on hearing these she thought by making it public she would have more shame than orders: more especially those who had come from distant parts, and honor; but she retained in her memory the day and hour James le had spent all their money, in the hope of amply repaying themselves Gris had come to the castle. The lord de Carogne returned from his in England. Among them were the count de Savoye, the count voyage, and was joyfully received by his lady and household, wvho d'Armagnac, the count dauphin d'Auvergne, and a hundred great feasted him well. When night canme, sir John went to bed, but his barons, who departed much discontented at not having seen England. lady excused herself; and, on his kindly pressing her to come to The king was equally vexed, but he could not amend it. The army him, she walked very pensively up and down the chamber. At list, now separated, some pleased, and others angry; but the servants of when tihe household were in bed,she flung herself on her knees at the principal lords staid behind, for the benefit of their masters, and his bedside, and bitterly bewailed the insult she had suffered. Th~o to sell off their stores: in this, great losses accrued; for what had knight would not believe it could have happened; but at length, she cost one hundred francs was disposed of for ten, and even under. urged it so strongly, he did believe her, and said, "Certsinly, lady, The count dauphin d'Auvergne assured me on his faith, that for his if the matter has passed as you say, I forgive you, but the squmire shall stores, which had cost him ten thousand francs, he did not receive one thousand when resold: his servants, like those Of others, suffered * Robert de Vere, earl of Oxford, was created anrqui, of Dublin in 1i&ti and duke oi everything to go to ruin. Ireland in 1386.-ED. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 41S tdie; and I shall consult your and my relations on the subject; should body of James le Gris was delivered to the hangman, who dragged you have told me a falsehood, never more shall you live with me." it to Montfaucon, and there hanged it. Sir John de Carogne ap. The lady again and again assured him, that what she had said was preached the king and fell on his knees: the king made him rise, the pure truth, and ordered one thousand francs to be paid him that very day: he On the morrow, the knight sent special messengers with leters to also retained him of his household, with a pension of two hundred his friends and nearest relations of his wife, desiring them to come livres a-year, which he received as long as he lived. Sir John, after instantly to Argenteil, so that in a few days they were all at his cas- thanking the king and his lords, vent to his lady and kissed her: tie. When they were assembled, he led them into an apartment, and t'heywent together to make their offering in the church of Nltre told them the reason of his sending for them, and made his lady re- Dame, and then returned to their home.' late most minutely everything that had passed during his absence. Sir John de Carogne did not remain long after in France, but set When they had recovered their astonishment, he asked their ad- off, in company with the lord Boucicaut, sir John des Bordes, and vice how to act: they said, he should wait on his lord, the count sir Lewis Grat, to visit the holy sepulchre, and the sultan of the dl'Aleuqon, and tell him the fact. This he did; but the count, who Turks, whose fame was much talked of iniFrance. Sir Robinet much loved James le Gris, disbelieved it, and appointed a day for de Boulogne was also with him: he was squire of honor to the king the parties to come before him, and desired the lady might attend to of France, and had travelled much over the world. give her evidence against the man whom she thus accused. She attended as desired, accompanied by a great number of her relations; ars the examinations and pleadings were carried on before the count CHAPTER XLVII. to a great length. James le Gris boldly denied the charge, declared it was false, and wondered much how he could have incurred such THE HEATH OP PETER, RING OF ARRAGON. HIS SUCCESSOR, RING JOIHN, mortalhatred from the lady. Me proved by the household of the DrETAINS PRISONER THE ARCHBISHOP OF BORDEAUX, waO WAS NEGOcount, that he had been seen in the castle at four o'clock in the TIATING, FOe THE DUICE o LANCASTER, THE PAYMENT OF C.tRTAUI morning: the count said that he was in his bed-chamber at nine SUMS wIcn HE CLAIMED AS DE rTO HIm FRo1 ARRACON. o'clock, and that it was quite impossible for any one to have ridden ABOUT Candlemas of this year, (1386,) king Peter of Arragon lay three-and-twenty leagues and back again, and do what he was on his death-bed. When he found there were no hopes of hisrecov. charged with, in four hours and a half. The count told the lady le ry, he sent for his two sons, John and iiartin,t to whom he said, would support his squire, and that she must have dreamed it. Hqe "My fair children, I leave you well established, and the affairs ol commanded, that henceforward all should be buried in oblivion, and, my kingdom properly arranged. Live peaceably and lovingly and under pain of incurring his displeasure, nothing farther done in the you will gain honor and renown. With regard to ecclesiastical matbusiness. The knight, being a man of courage, and believing what ters, for my consciees sae and greater sfety, I have always ters, for my conscience's sake and greater safety, I have always his wife had told him, would not submit to this, but went to Paris been neuter: do you do the same, until the knowledge, which pope and appealed to the parliament. The parliament sammoned James is the true one, shall be more apparent." le Gris, who replied, and gave pledges to obey whatever judgment His two sons dutifully replied, that they would do so, and punc the parliament should give. The cause lasted upward of a year, tually obey whatever he should order. The king died soon after.$ and they could not any way compromise it, for the knight wa OS- li. e was a valiant man in his time, and had considerably added to tive, from his wife's information, of the fact, and declared, that since the crown of Arragon by the conquest of Majorca, which he kept. it was now so public, he would pursue it until death. The count He was buried in the city of Barcelona, and there lies. When the d'Alenqon, for this, conceived a great dislike against the knight, and death of the king of Arragon was known at Avignon, the pope end would have had him put to death, had hlie not placed himself under cardinals instantly sent off letters to the king of France, his uncles, the safeguard of the parliament. It was long pleaded, and the par- and to the duke and duchess of Bar, who were his supporters and liament at last, because they could not produce other evidence thn parents to the young queen of Arragon, the lady Jolante,~ and to the herself against James Ie Gris, judged it should be decided in the tilt- queen herself, and were so busy, that the whole court of Arragon yard, by a duel for life or death. The knight, the squire, and the acknowledged him as pope. The duke and duchess of Bar wrote lady, were instantly put under arrest until the day of this miortal akold-dhma oe h ueaddceso a rt lady, were instantly put under arrest until the day of this motal pressing letters to their daughter, as did the king of France, the dukes combat, which, by order of parliament, was fixed for the ensuing of Berry and Burgundy, who sent a cardinal as embassador, to in. Monday, in the year 1837; at which time the king of France and struct the new Ming, his brother, and subjects.'he cardinal, with his barons were at Sluys, intending to invade England. the assistance of the queen, who paid too much attention to what The king, on hearing of this duel, declared he would be present her relations had urged, gained over the king, who had before deter-. at it. The dukes of Berry, Burgundy, Bourbon, and the constable mined to follow the example of his father in preserving a neutrality, of France, being also desirous of seeing it, agreed it was proper he and the whole kingdom to the obedience of pope Clement. should be there. The king, in consequence, sent orders to Paris to At the time of the late king of Arragon's death, the archbishop of prolong the day of the duel, for that he would be present. This order Bordeaux was at Barcelona. He had been sent thither by the duke was punctually obeyed, and the king and his lords departed for France. of Lancaster, and I will explain the cause of his journey. The late The king kept the feast of the Calends at Arras, and the duke of prince of Wales (who, though only duke of Aquitaine, was much Burgundy at Lille. In the mean time, the men-at-arms made for feared by his neighbors, the kings of France, Arragon, Castille and their different homes, as had been ordered by tile marshals; but the Navarre, and even by the king of the Saracens, who had heard of principal chiefs went to Paris to witness the combat. When the his great prowess and renown,) had entered into a treaty with the king of France was returned to Paris, lists were made for the chamn- king of Arragon, which had been sworn to, and sealed by each party, pious in the place of St. Catherine, behind the Temple; and the as well as by the king of England, that neither the prince nor the lords had erected on one side scaffolds, the better to see thesight. king of England, nor their successors, would ever wage war against The crowd of people was wonderful. The two champions entered Arragon, so long as the king of Arragon and his heirs should serve the lists armed at all points, and each was seated in a chair opposite the lord of Aquitaine with five hundred spears, against any enemy the other; the count de St. Pol directed sir John de Carogne, and with whom he was at war; and that, if he chose not to send his men, the retainers of the count d'Alenton James le Gris. On the knight he bound himself to pay a certain sum of money. Ten years of' entering the field, he went to his lady, who was covered with black arrears were now due from Arragon: for the king had never paid and seated on a chair, and said, "Lady, from your accusation, and anything, nor done any service to the king of England nor to his in your quarrel, am I thus venturing my life to combat James le deputies. When the duke of Lancaster left England, he brought Gris: you kInow whether my cause be loyal and true." "My lord," with him letters-patent, sealed with the great seal of the realm, in she replied " it is so; and you may fight securely, for your cause is the presence of the king and his council, appointing him lieutenant. good." for the king, over all the countries of Bordeaux, Bayonne, and Aquio The lady remained seated, making fervent prayers to God and taine, giving him legal power to demand whatever might be owilg the Virgin, entreating humbly, that through her grace and interces- fiom Arragon, and from all other parts dependent or allied to Eng. sioni, she might gain the victory according to her right. Her afflic- land. They also gave the duke power to retain, for his own use, tion was great, for her life depended on the event; and should her whatever sums might be due, and to give receipts, which would be husband lose the victory, she would have been burnt, and he would acknowledged as legal. have been hanged. I am ignorant, for I never had any conversation While the duke was at Saint Jago, he bethought himself of the witl her or the knight, whether she had not frequently repented of king of Arragon, and that he was indebted to him a very large sum having pushed matters so far as to place herself and husband in of arrears, by virtue of his commission, and that it would comne now, such peril; but it was now too late and she must abide the event. The two champions were then advanced and placed opposite to each * This was the last judicial combat which took place in France under the award of other; when they mounted their horses, and made a handsome ap- parliament. The combat was claimed in England as late as 1819, by one Th{:renton. Ilearamce, fobr they were both expert men-al-arms. They ran their TThis man wass tried for murder, and acquitted. The brother of the persom murnlered to first course without Imurt to either. After the tilting, they dismounted, young girl) brougiht an appeal, amd Thornton offered to justify himself by sinegle cornbat. The appellant, however, withdrew his appeal, and an act was unmetiately passeud and made ready to continue the fight. They behaved with courage: to ablolishi tIe wager of battle. —En. but sir John de Carogne was, at the first onset, wounded in the I Martin wvas king of Sicily, and on the death of John, klled by a fall firom his horse thigh, which alarmed all his friends: notwithstanding th/is, he foueght in pursnimg an enormous wolf, smcceededt to the crown of Arragon. John did not folso desperately that he struck down his adversary, and, thrusting his low les rtimer's counsels with respect to tie disputed tiara, but acknowledged Clement where VIt. —.rt die Vdrifior les Daves.'4 TIme 5h January, lS87. —Eo. sword through the body, caused instalnt death; ~hen he demander'or t The lady Jolante was his smond wife. He was first married to Jane, daunhtM a] th~ spectators if he had done his duty: they repied that he had. Thee Johln, count d'Armnenac. 416 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. with other aids, very opportunely, to carry on his war against Cas. tin, the king's brother, who was very popular in the country, that he litle. During his residence at Saint Jago, he sent some of his coun;- would interfere betwen them and the king, and obtain peace with cil to Bordeaux, to the archbishop, and sir John IHarpedon, the s6- those of Lourde and Rolbais. In order to encourage their loyalty, neschal, ordering one or both of them to set out for Arragon, and he engaged to do what they desired, and prevailed on his brother to remonstrate strongly with the king, on the large sums lie had long give the archbishop his liberty, and send him back to the Bordelois, owed the king of England, as duke of Aquitaine. The archbishop Shortly afterwards, by the count de Foix's exertions, the viscoimt. and s6neschal, having weighed the orders from the duke, thought it ess recovered her castle, and those who had captured it departed, in best for the s6naschal to remain at Bordeaux, and the archbishop to return for the service the count had done to the duke of Lancastel undertake the embassy. He therefore sec out, but arrived in Arra- in the course of this year. The king of Arragon, seeing the vis. gun, unluckily, when the king was on his death-bed. When lie countess so quick regain her castle, sent for her, and when in his was deceased, the archbishop followed the princes and council of presence, charged her with having admitted the English into her Arragon to the interment at Barcelona, and then remonstrated so castle to make war on him, for which she had been very criminal. strongly, as it seemed te the council, that he was ordered to prison: The lady clearly exculpated herself, saying, "My lord, as God may though not closely confined, he was forbidden to leave the city of help me and mine, and by the faith I owe you, when I heard of my Barcelona. castle being taken, I had never any connection, nor entered into any treaty with the English. I instantly informed my cousin, the C H A P T ER X LV III. count de Foix of it, and begged of him, for God's sake, to aid me to recover my castle, as it had been taken by the garrison from THE DUKE OF LANCASTER HAKESX WAR ON AREAGON. THE AIRCH~BISHOP Lourde, who are his subjects, and from Bearn. The count sent me OF BOItDEAUX IS RETEEASED. THE VISCOUNTESS OF CASTELBON, SUS- word not to alarm myself, for that those who had conquered it had PECTED OF HAVING ADMITTED T-HE ENGLISH INTO HER CASTLE, APPEASES only borrowed it to make a more effectual warfare on Barcelona." THTE KING OF ARtAGON, THIROUGH TIE INTEEFERENCE OF TILE COUNT The king replied, "If you can prove this answer from the count de DE FOIX. Foix, I will restore your castle." "That I can easily do," answered WHEN news was brought to Bordeaux of the imprisonment of the the lady. She informed the count, who at that time resided at Or. archbishop, the sdneschal said, " I am not surprised at it: the arch- thds, in Bearn, of this conversation, and entreated he would satisfy bishop is too hot-headed. I believe it would have been better had the king of Arragon. The count sent letters to the king of Arra. I gone thither; I should have spoken more calnly; and there is a gon by one of his knights, called sir Cicart de Saurelin, to request method of urging claims suited to different persons." The s6neschal he would hold his cousin excused, and allow her to possess her lands sent information of what had happened to the duke of Lancaster, in peace, otherwise it would displease him. The king of Arragon who was very wroth with the king of Arragon and Ihis council, for acceded to this request, and having well entertained the knight, -aid having imprisoned such a person as the archbishop of Bordeaux to him, "The viscountess has acted prudently, in thus having her when negotiating his business. The duke wrote orders for the gar- cousin the count de Foix make excuses for her." rison of Lourde instantly to invade Arragon, and attack Barcelona, where the archbishop was confined. The governor, John de B6arn, who styled himself s6neschal of Bigorrc, Peter d'Anchin, Ernaulton CHAPTER XLIX. de Resten, Ernaulton de Sainte Colombe, and the whole garrison, were much delighted with these orders, and overran the kingdom of THOSE COMPANIONS WHO RAD CONQUERED DUREN ARE DEFEATED ANt Arragori, as far as Barcelona, so that no merchants dared venture SLAIN BY A STRATAEM OF RAOND D BCIEZ COUSIN TO TE without its walls. In addition to this mischief, the principal towns of O RGON Arrtgon would not consent to the king's wishes of being crowned, THUS affairs remained: the viscountess de Castelbon had quiet unless he woetld first promise and solemnly swear that no taxes, pay possession of her castle but the merchants were not the less ha for soldiers, or other impositions, should be raised in the country; rassed by the garrison who had come from Lourde. Those of Bar. and unless he would engage for a compliance with other demands, celona and its neighborhood were frequently pillaged and made which the king and his council thought very unreasonable and un- prisoners by them, unless they had entered into a treaty and paid iust. He threatened to make war upon them, more partieularly on composition-money for their safety. These compositions extended those of Barcelona, who lhe said were too rich and presumptuous. over many parts of Catalonia and Arragon; and the garrison of Du There was at this period, in Languedoc, on the borders of Rou- ren was desirous of adopting the same plan, which they would have ergue and Auvergne, toward Pesenas and Uses, a band of armed men, executed or perhaps worse, had they not been checked. They had who called themselves Routes, that were daily multiplying to do evil. done more mischief to the country than those of Lourde; for they Four men-at-arms were their leaders, who made war on every man were poorer, and made no distinction whom they attacked, whether they met on horseback, caring not whom. Their names were, Peter officers of the king and queen, or merchants. The king at length de Moutfaucon, Geoffry Chastelier, Hainge de Serge, and le Goulet. assembled his council on this business; for the great towns murThese had under them full four hundred combatants, who ruined all mured, and said, that the king, who ought to have destroyed such the country wherever'they haunted. They were mightily rejoiced wretches, supported them. These and such description of speeches, when they heard of the archbishop of Bordeaux's imprisonment, of when told to the young king, gave him much uneasine, and he the duke of Lancaster's making war on the Arragonlans, and that was vexed that his subjects should thus talk of him respecting Duthe king of Arragon was dissatisfied with his subjects in the princi- ren, because the crown of his father, who had been so greatly bepal towns; for such people always love mischief in preference to loved, was but just fallen to him. He called to him a great baron of good. They therefore resolved to march toward the frontiers of Ar- AtTagon and his cousin, named sir Raymond de Bachez, and said, ragon, and surprise some fort, which the king or principal towns " Sir Raymond, ride toward Duren, and learn from those who have would negotiate with them to regain. They set out, and made for surprised it what they want in my country, and make some treaty the castle of Duren,* which they had planned to surprise. This cas- with them, that you may get them out of it, by fair or foul means." tie is in the archbishopric of Narbonne, between France and Arra- The knight obeyed, and sent a herald to the garrison of Duren, to gon, and situated precisely on the limits of the two kingdoms. They say he wished to negotiate a treaty with them. When Montfaucon arrived there by night.fall undiscovered, and, fiading' it weakly and the other captains learnt that sir Raymond de Bachez wanted guarded, soon conquered it, to the great dismay of all the country, to treat with them, they thought they should obtain a large sum to especially of Perpignan, which is but four leagues distant from this deliver up the place, and said to the herald, "Friend, tell your mascastle. ter, sir Raymond, from us, that he may safely come here, for we will Tile garrison from Lourde, this same week, captured likewise a not do him any injury." The herald returned with this answer to castle in Arragon, four leagues from Barcelona, called the old castle sir Raymond at Perpignan, who instantly left the place, and on his of Rolbais, belonging to the viscountess of Castelbon, cousin-ger- arrival at Duren held a parley with them. He asked why they re. man to the count de Foix. The lady was much surprised at this mained so long on the borders of Arragon; they replied they were event, and went to her cousin, the count de Foix, to beg, for God's waiting to join the army from France that was coming to the sup. sake, he would get her castle restored to her; for those who had won port of tne king of Castille. "Ha, my gentlemen," said sir Rayit were from his country of Bdarn. The count, in his answer, de- mend, "if you wait for that, you will stay here too long; for the sired her not to be alarmed; for that her castle had been taken king of Arragon will not allow you thus to plunder his country and solely to harass Barcelona from thence, as the archbishop of Bor- its inhabitants." They replied, "that since the king would not suf. deaux was in confinement there for a trifling cause, and that she fer them to support themselves, he must prevent it, for live they should have it again undamaged. The lady was satisfied with this would. If he would ransom the country, they would march away, answer but kept It secret, and went to reside at another castle, near but not otherwise." "And what do you ask?" said sir Raymond Roqluebertin. Those of Duren, R-olbais, and the garrison fiom " Sixty thousand francs: we are four of us, and each must have fifLourde kept up a severe warfare on the borders of Arragon. The teen thousand for his share." "In God's name," said sir Raymond, king, indeed, winked at this, that the towns might be punished, but "that is money enough; but I will report it to the king: it is better their discontents increased; for those of Barcelona, Perpignan, and for him to pay you this sum, for the good of the country, than to al. other towns, could not carry on their-canmerce without being made low you further pillaging." He adhed this to keep them iti good prisoners, and ransomed. They determined to set the archbishop of humor, but thought the contrary to what he had said. On taking Bordeaux at liberty, but, as was right, to consult the king on the leave, sir Raymond told them they miaht expect tthe sum they had su bject. They, in consequcnce, negotiated privately with don Mar- asked, and perhaps more. He then returned tI Perpignan, where * Duren.' Q. if not Durban. tlae king was, and related to him all that had passed. The kir, CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 417 said, "You must at all events free the country frum them, and pay the thieves; if I could get hold of them, I would hang thern all, CHAPTER LI. which is the only payment they deserve: but the place is so stro, R OLIVER DE ISSN DEIVRS OHN OF BOTS, SON OF HE LTE LOR'sIR OLIVER DE CLISSON DELIVERS.TOHN OF BLOIS, SON orFXHE LATE. LORD rt will be difficult to draw them out of it." CHARLES OF BLOIS, FRO/~I HlIS LONKG IMPRISON3IEN'~ IN ENGLrAND, AND "Sir," replied sir Raymond, " I will manage it; only do not in- CHARLES OF BLOS, FROM HIS LONG IMPRISONNEN2 TN ENGLAND, AND G~IVES tlIM HIS DAUTGHTER IN MARRIAGE, TO THE GREAT DISPLEASURIS terfere. " Well," said tine king, "do so: I will not mneddle further OF THE DUTE OF BRITTANYT in the business; but see that the country be delivered from them." Sir Raymond collected a body of men-at-arms, to the amount of five IN such a grand and noble history as this, of which I, sir John hundred spears, which he placed in ambush, and gave the command Froissart, am the author and continuator nTtil rhis present nmomnent, of them to a squire of Gascony, called Naudon Seighin, who was through the grace of God, and that perseverance he has endowed valiantandexpertin arms. The ambuscade was about a short leagTue me with, as well as in length of years, which have enabled me from Duren, and sir Raymond ordered, that as soon as the garrison to witness abundance of the things that have passed, it is not should have passed by, they should fall on them, and, if possible, put right that I forget anything. During the war of Brittany, the two all to death. Sir Raymond wrote to the garrison, to desire they sons of the lord Charles de Blois (who, for a long time styled him. would mount their horses and advance to Perpignan, making a show self duke of Brittany, in right of his lady, Jane of Brittany, who of attacking the place, to alarm the inhabitants, otherwise hlie should was descended in a direct line from the dukes of' Brittany, as has never be able to raise their quota of the money he was to pay them, been mentioned in this history, )'were sent to England as hostages for They were much pleased to receive such intelligence, believing it their father, where they etill remain in prison; for I have not as yet true, and, mounting their horses the same day the ambush was posted, delivered them from it, nor from the power of the king of' England, rode for Perpignan, galloping up to the barriers. When they had wherein the lord Charles had put them. done this, they began their retreat, thinking to return quietly home; You have before seent how kinig Edward of' England, to strengthen but they had scarcely gone half-way before they met Naudon Seighin himself in his wvar with France, had formed an alliance with the earl and his troops, who instantly charged them. They now perceived of Montfort, whom he had assisted, with advice and forces, to the they had been tricked, and prepared to defend themselves: they fought utmost of his ability, insomuch, that the earl had succeeded to his wall, during the time the combat lasted; but that was not long, for wishes, and was duke of Brittany. had he not been thus supported, there were among them numbers of pillagers badly armined, who were the lord Charles de Blois would have possessed seven parts of Brit. soon defeated. Among the slain were, Geoffry Chastelier, Hainge tany and the earl only five. You have read how, in the year 1347, de Sorge, Guyot Moresque, John le Geulant, and many more. Peter there was a grand battle before la Roche-derrien, between the forces de MIontfaucon, Amblardan de St. Just, and forty others, were made of the countess of Montfort, and of sir Thomas Hartwell and the lord prisoners, and carried to Perpignan, where, as they passed the streets, Charles de Blois, in which the lord Charles was defeated, and carried the inhabitants came out of their hou-es, and hooted at them, as prisoner to England. He was handsomely entertained there; for they weuld have done at a wolf. Le Geulant and Peter de Mont- that noble queen of England, the good Philippa, (who, in my youth, faucon were put in the pillory, and the rest thrown into a dungeon. was my lady and mistress,) was, in a direct line, his cousin-gernian.. The duke of Berry, about this time, arrived at Carcassone, firom She did everything in her power to obtain his fireedom, which the ~ a visit to pope Clement at Avignon. Having there heard that Duren council were not willing to grant. Duke Henry of Lancaster, and was regained, and the garrison slain or made prisoners, he instantly the other barons of England, declared, that hie ought not to have his wrote to the king of Arragon, and to his cousin Jolante de Bar, to liberty; for he had too mighty connections, anld that Phiip, who beg they would give up to him Peter de Montfaucon and his com- called himself king of France, was his uncle: that as long as they de panions. His request was immediately complied with, and they tained him prisoner, their war in Brittany would be the better fol it. were sent to the duke of Berry. They were indebted to him, or Notwithstanding these remonstrances, king Edward, through the perthey would infallibly have all been put to death. suasion of that noble and good lady, his queen, agreed to his ransrom for two hundred thousand nobles: and his two sons were to be given as hostages for the payment of this sum, which was very considerable CHAPTER L. to the lord Charles, but would not now be so to a duke of Brittany. The lords of those days were differently situated firom what they are,, LN ACHIEVEMENT OF ARMS, PERFORMED BEFORE THE SENESOHAL OF BOR- at present, when greater resources are found, and they can tax theii DEAUX, BETWEEN A KNIGHT ATTACHED TO FRANCE AlND ONE ATTACHED EUX, BETEEN NIGT ATTCHED TO FNCE N ONE ATTCHD people at their pleasure. It was riot so then, for they were forced' TO ENGLAND. to content theniselves with the aniount of their landed estates; but AT this period there was an achievement of arms performed by now, the duchy of Brittany would easily pay for the aid of its lord two knights at Bordeaux, in the presence of the skneschal, sir John two hundred thousand nobles within the year, or within two years atHarpedon, and other noblemen. These knights were the lord de thle farthest. la Rochefoucault, sonl to the sister of the captal de Buch, and sir Thus were the two young sons of the lord Charles de Blois given. William de Montferrant, attached to the English interest. As this up as hostages for the payment of his ransom. He had, afterwards, tilt was to be made before all the lords and ladies of Bordeaux, the in the prosecution of his war in Brittany, so much to pay his soloiers5, count de Foix sent thither some knights of his household to advise and support his rank and state, that he could never, during his life. and direct the lord de la Rochefoucault, who was the son of his time, redeem them. He was slain in the battle at Auray,I de-. cousin, and likewise different sorts of armor, daggers, battle-axes, fenlding his right, by the English allies of the earl of Molntfort, and: and swords well tempered, although he had before properly provided by none others. His death, however, did not put an end to the war;: himself with all things necessary. These knights armed themselves but, king Charles of France, ever fearing the effects of chance, on the appointed day, and were attended by a numerous body of when he saw the earl of Montfort was conquering all Brittany, sus,. chivalry. The lord de la Rochefoucault was accompanied by two pected, should he wholly succeed, that he would hold the duchy inhundred knights and squires, all connected with him by blood; and dependent of paying him homage for it; for he had already held it i sir William de Montferrant by as many, if not more. Among the from the king of England, who had so strenuously assisted him in the: number were the lords de Rohan, de l'Esparre, de Duras, de Muci- war. He therefore negotiated withl the earl, which, having been dent, de Landuras, de Curton, de Languran, de la Barde, de Tarbe, already mentioned,~ I shall pass over here: but the earl remained. de Mont-croyat in Perigord, who had come from distant parts be- duke of Brittany, o01 condition that his homage should be paid to his cause he was their relation, and to be spectators of the feats of arms own right lord, the king of France. The duke was also bound, by.' of two such valiant knights. the articles of the treaty, to assist in the deliverance of his two cousins, When they were mounted, and had their helmets laced on, their sons of the lord Charles de Boirs, who were prisoners to the king of: spears and shields were given them. They instantly stuck spurs England. In this, however, he never stirred; for hle doubted, jif, into their horses, and met each other full gallop, with such force that they should return, whether they would not give him some trouble, the laces of the helmets burst asunder, and their helmets were and whether Brittany, which was more inclined toward them than. knocked off, so that they passed each other bare-headed, excepting to him, would not acknowledge them as its lord. the caps which were under the helmets. "On my faith," the spec- For this reason he neglected them, and they remained so long tators said, "they have gallantly performed their first course." The prisoners in England, under the guard, at one time, of sir Roger" knights now had their armor set to rights, and their helmets laced Beauchamp, a gallant and valia.nt knight, and his lady Sybiila, at." again, when they performed their' second and third courses with another under Sir Thomas d'Ambreticourt, that the youngest brother, equal ability. In short, they behaved, in every attack, most gallantly, Guy of Brittany, died. John of Brittany was now alone prisoner, and to the satisfaction of all present. The s6neschal, sir John Harpe- and frequently bewailed his situation with wonder; for he was sprung. don, entertained at supper, that evening, all the lords and ladies in from the noblest blood in the world, the advantages of which he had. Bordeaux; and on the morrow the company departed, and went to been long deprived; for he had been thirty-five years in the power. their different homes. The lord de la Rochefoucault made prepara- of his enemies, and, as he perceived no appearance of help coming tions for hisjourney to Castille; for king John had sent to him, and to him from any quarter, he would rather have died than thus have the tine was drawing nigh for him to set out. Sir William de existed. His relations and friends kept at a distance, and the sum M.ontferrant, when returned home, made also his preparations to cross he was pledged for was so great, that he could never have procured the sea to Portugal; for that king had, in like manner, written to him. It, without a miracle; for the duke of Anjou, in all his prosperity, ~ Vol. i. chap. 74. tIn chap.'8, and the following, vol. L Vol i. chap. 217. ~ Vol. i. chap. f22. 418 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPATN, &c. though the person who had married his sister-german, by whom he Brittany did not, at first, recollect him; but he soon made himseli had two fine sons, Lewis and Charles, never once thought of him. known, and they had a long conversation, in which he told him, that I will now relate how John of Brittany obtained his liberty. You if he would exert himself to procure his freedr m, the constable would have before read of the earl of Buckingham's expedition, through make the greatest efforts to second him. John of Brittany, desiring France, to Brittany, whither the duke had sent for him, because the nothing more eagerly, asked, "By what means?" "I will tell you, country would not acknowledge him for its lord. The earl and his my lord: the constable has a handsome daughter whom he wishes army remained the ensuing winter, in great distress, before Nantes to marry, and if you will promise and swear, that on your return to and V annes, until the month of May,* when he returned to England. Brittany you will marry her, he will obtain your liberty, as he has During the time the earl of Buckingham was at Vannes, you may re. discovered the means of doing it." John of Brittany replied, "mhl member, there were some tilts between knights and squires of France would truly do so;" adding, "When you return to the constable, and those of England, and that the constable of France was pra;ent. assure him from me, that there is nothing I am not ready to do for There was much conversation kept up by him and the English my liberty, and that I accept of his daughter and will cheerfully marry knights; for he was acquainted with them all, from his childhood, her." They had several other conversations together before the having been educated in England. He behaved very politely to squire left England and embarked for Brittany, where he related to many of them, as men-at-arms usually do, and the French and Eng-. the constable all that had passed. The constable, eager to advance lish in particular, to each other; but, at this moment, he was more himself and marry his daughter so nobly, was not dilatory in search. attentive, as he had an object inview, which occupied all his thoughts, ing out means to obtain his end. He considered to whom he should and which he had only disclosed to a single person, who was squire address himself in England; and, had he not made choice of the earl of honor in his household, and had served the lord Charles de Blois of Oxford, he would never have succeeded; b;st, notwithstanding inthe same capacity. If the constable had made it more public, he this nobleman had the complete government of the king, matters would not have succeeded as he did, through the mercy of God, and were not instantly brought about; for as long as the duke of Lancas. his own perseverance. ter remained in England, he never mentioned anything concerning The constable and duke of Brittany had for a long time hated each it to the king. The earl of Buckingham, on his return from Brittany, other, whatever outward appearances they might put on. The con- irritated the king and his brothers so much against the duke that it stable was much hurt at the length of the imprisonment of John of was publicly said, the duke had acted treacherously toward him and Brittany, and at a time when he was rather on better terms with the his army; and they were so greatly angered, that John ofBrittany duke, said to him, "My lord, why do not you exert yourself to de- was summoned before the king and council, when he was addressed liver your cousin from his imprisonment in England? YVou are as follows: "John, if you will he willing to hold the duchy of Britbound to do so by treaty; for when the nobles of Brittany, the pre- tany from the king of England, you shalt have possession of it, and lates and the principal towns, with the archbishop of Rheims, sir be married in this country as nobly as thile present duke has been;" John de Craon, and sir Boucicaut, at that time marshal of France, (for the duke of Lancaster was desirous of giving him his daughter negotiated with you for peace before Quimper Corentin, you swore Philippa, who was afterwards queen of Portugal.) John of Brittany you would do your utmost to liberate your cousins John and Guy, replied, "that he would never consent to such a treaty, nor be an and as yet you have never done anything; know, therefore, that the enemy to the crown of France: he would willingly accept of the country does not love you the more for it." The duke dissembled, daughter of the duke of Lancaster, but he must first have his liberty." and said, "Hold your tongue, sir Oliver: where shall I find the three On this, he was remanded to prison. or four hundred thousand francs which are demanded for their lib- When the earl of Oxford, who now bears the title of the duke of erty?" " My lord," replied the constable, " if Brittany saw you were Ireland, found the duke of Lancaster was landed in Castillo, and all really in earnest to procure their freedom, they would not murmur at expectation of the connection with John of Brittany broken off by lay tax or hearth-money that should be raised to deliver these prison, his carrying his daughter with him, he resolved to solicit the king to ~ers, who will die in prison unless God assist them." " Sir Oliver," give up to him John of Brittany, as a remuneration for past services,,said the duke, "my country of Brittany shall never be oppressed by or for those he might perform. If he succeeded, he could then treat::such taxes. My cousins have great princes for their relations; and with the constable of France, who had offered him, as the price of:the king of France or duke of Anjou ought to aid them, for they have his ransom, six score thousand francs, to be made in two payments always supported them against me. When I swore, indeed, to aid of sixty thousand each: the first to be paid at Boulogne on the art:hem in their deliverance, it was always my intention that the king rival of John of Brittany in that town, and the second in Paris,,of France and their other relations should find the money, and that which was the place he had fixed on himself. The duke of Ireland I! would j:mii my entreaties." The constable could never obtain more coveted the money, and was so pressing with the king that he gave 1from the duke. up John of Brittany absolutely to his disposal; which surprised all The constable, therefore, when at these tournaments at Vannes, England, and caused much talking, but there it ended. The duke saw clearly that the earl of Buckingham and the English barons and of Ireland had John of Brittany conducted to Boulogne, where he squires were greatly dissatisfied with the duke of Brittany, for not found equipages ready, which the constable had caused to be pro. having opened his towns to them, as he had promised, when they pared for him. He set out directly for Paris, where he was kindly left England. The English near Hennebon and Vannes were in such received by the klng and his other relations. Theconstable was distress, that they frequently had not wherewithal to feed themselves, there waiting for him, and carried him to Brittany, where he espoused -and their horses were dying through famine: they were forced to his daughter in conformity to their agreement. gather thistles, bruise them in a mortar, and make a paste which they When the duke of Brittany learnt that John of Brittany had oh. rcooked. While they were thus suffering, they said; "This duke of tained his liberty, and was returned to France, through the aid of the Brittany does not acquit himself loyally of his promises to us, who constable, he conceived a greater hatred against sir Oliver de Clisson, have put him in possession of his duchy; and, if we may be believed, and said, " Indeed! does sir Oliver think to thrust me out of my we can as easily take it from him as we have given it to him, by set- duchy? He shows some signs of it by ransoming John of Brittany, ting at liberty his enemy, John of Brittany, whom the country love and marrying him to his daughter. Such things are very displeasing,in preference. We cannot any way revenge ourselves better, nor to me; and, by God, I will tell him so some day when he little sooner make himlose the couniry. The constable was wellinformed thinks of it." This, in truth, he did; for before the end of the year, of all these murmurs and discontents, which were no way displeasing he spoke to him very sharply on this subject, as you will hear in the.to him: on the contrary, for one murmur he wished there had been course of this history. But we maust now say something respecting twelve; but he took no notice of it, and only spoke of what he had the affairs of Castille and Portugal, and of an expedition which the iheard to this squire, whose name, I thinkl, was John Rolland. English made against Sluys. It happened that sir John Charlton, governor of Cherbourg,.came to chAteau Josselin, where the constable resided, who entertained him and his company most splendidly; and to obtain their CHAPTER LII I:friendship, out of his special tfavor, escorted them himself until they were in safety. During the time of dinner, the before-mentioned FRANCE MAKES FREFARATIONS TO ASSIST KING JOHN OF CAS~IFIILT..:.squire addressed sir John Charlton, saying, "Sir John, you can, if you please, do me a very great favor, which will cost you nothing." FRENCH ARMY. " From friendship to the constable," replied sir John, "I wish it may You have heard how the grand armament of the king of France cost me something: what is it you wish me to do?" "Sir," replied at Sluys was broken up, not indeed through the will of the king,'he, "that I may have your passport to go to England,. to my master who was eager to the last to pass over to Eng!and, and when he saw John of Brittany, whom I am more anxious to see than anything in it could not be, was the most vexed of any. The whole blame was the world." "By my faith," said sir John, "it shall not be my fault laid on the duke of Berry: perhaps he saw more clearly into this if you do not. On my return to Cherbourg, I shall cross over to matter than others, and his advice of not attempting the invasion of England: come with me, therefore, and you shall accompany me, England was for the honor and advantage of France; for, before and I will have you conducted to him, for your request cannot be re- anything of this sort be undertaken, the end of it should be con. fused." " X thousand thanks; my lord, I shall ever remember your sidered; and the duke of Berry had remained so long in England as goodness." The squire returned, with sir John Chariton, to Cher- an hostage for king John, and had conversed so much with English. bourg; wham, having arranged his affairs, he embarked, and made men, he probably foresaw the event would be unfortunate: but the straight for London, attended by John Rolland, whom he had con- principal reason for putting it off was the season of the year. It,ducted to the castle where John of Brittany was confined. John of was, however, said, that the constable in the course of the summer, * " slj. should lead thither six thousand men.at-arms and as many cros& CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 419 bows, which he and the council thought would be fully sufficient to sea. Sir John de Bucq, having ably and pruderitly drawn up his combat the English. The constable was supposed to know this from vessels, said to their crews, "My fair sirs, do not be alarmed, for we his having been educated in England. are enow to combat the English, should the wind be in our favor; On the return of the lords to France, it was considered who should but remember to make a running fight of it, and make for Sluys; if be sent to the aid of king John of Castille, against the king of Por- we can draw them on the Flemish coast, we shall have the best of tuga: and duke of Lancaster: for it was clear there would be deeds the day." Some were comforted by these words, others not; but of arms, as the English kept the field. None could be sent thither they continued their preparations for battle, and the gunners Luade without much cost; for the distance was great, and there was not ready their bows and cannons. any money in the exchequer, nor in the hands of the receivers: the The two fleets now approached each other. The English had immense sums which had been raised from the people were all dis- some light galleys, in which they had embarked archers; and these sipated. Recourse was, therefore, had to a tax that should be in- galleys advancing, by dint of oars, began the combat with a shower stantly levied, and published for the assistance of the king of Castille, of arrows, which were lost; for the Flemings sheltered themselves and the expulsion of the English from that country. This tax having in their vessels, and were unhurt, while they sailed on before the been proclaimed, the king's commissioners came to the different wind. Some of the cross-bows, out of arrow-shot, let fly bolts, which towns, and said to the principal inhabitants, " Sirs, this city, or this wounded many, and prevented those in the galleys from being of any town, is taxed at such a sum, which must be instantly paid." service. The large ships, under lord Arundel, the bishop of Nor. "'Very well," they replied, "we will collect it, and send the whole wich, and others, now advanced, and ran in among those of Flan. amount to Paris." "That will not do," said the commissioners: ders, but they had not any advantage; for the cross-bowmen de. "we cannot wait so long, and shall act more expeditiously." On fended themselves gallantly, as their commander, sir John de Bucq, saying this, they ordered, in the king's name, which protected them had advised them. He and his company were well armed, in a ship from harmn, ten or twelve of the richest inhabitants to prison, unless equal to any he might meet, and had their cannons on bor'd, which they should find the money. These, being afraid of the king's dis- shot balls of such a weight that great mischief was done. The pleasure, soon brought the sum required, which they afterwards col- Flemings, during the engagement, made as much sail as they could lected from the townsmen. The taxes were so frequent, that one for Flanders; indeed, some of the merchant-ships had already gained was scarcely paid before another was called for. Thus was the the coast, and had run into shoal water, where the large ships could noble kingdom of France governed, and the poor oppressed; which not follow them for fear of the sand-bank. This battle was very caused numbers to sell their houses and lands, and retire to Hainault, long and obstinate, for it continued three or four hours, and many or tile Uistiopne n, icgst, wnere nio sucn taxes existed. of the vessels were sunk by the large bolts of iron, sharply pointed, The leaders of the troops destined to Castille were next thought that were cast down from the tops, and drove holes through them. of. The gallant duke of Bourbon was chosen commander-in-chief; When night came on, they separated and cast anchor, to repair their but, before he left France, it was resolved to appoint two other com- damages and take care of the wounded; but, on the return of the manders, to attend to the men-at-arms, and instruct those who had tide, they set their sails and renewed the combat. Peter du Bois never been in Castille. The duke was to have two thousand lances, commanded a body of archers and sailors, and gave the Flemnings of knights and squires, for his rear-ward, of as good men as could enough to do; for, having been a sailor himself, he knew how to act, be found. The two knights appointed to lead the van, and to corn- and was enraged at the Flemings for having held out so long. The mand the first division, were sir William de Lignac and sir Waiter English continually gained on the Flemings, and, having got between de Passac; and, on receiving their orders, they made every prepa- them and Blanquenberg and Sluys, drove them to Cadsand, where ration suitable to their rank. Knights and squires were summoned, the defeat was completed. They received no succor, for at this time throughout France, to go on this expedition: and all the passes into there were neither men-at-arms nor vessels at Sluvs fit for sea. Castille were thrown open, as well through Arragon as through Indeed, a squire of Sluys, calIed Arnold le Malre, when hlie heard Navarre. Many, therefore, came from all the different provinces of of the engagement, enibarked on board a handsome sloop of his own, the kingdom, and took the road to Castille. Sir William de Lignac taking with him some seijeants, and about twenty cross-bows, and and sir Walter de Passac had the command of them, and set out in made sail for the fleet; but it was toward the end of the defeat, for grand array. the English had taken the greater part of the enemy's ships, with their admiral, sir John de Bucq, and all on board. Arnold le Maire, C H A P T E R LIII. perceiving it was over, made his cross-bows shoot thrice, and then made off: he was chased as far as the harbor of Sluys, and there E ENDISH FLEET DEFEATS THDATE OF DSIR JOHN DE ELUCQ, ADFIRAL OF escaped, from the large vessels being unable to follow him, through FLANDERS FOR THE DUKE O. BURGUNDY. THE ENGmISH, AFTER DOING the shoals and low water. the shoals and low water. MLteU MISCHIEF TO SLUYS, AND THAT PART OF THE COUNTRY, RETURN The inhabitants of Sluys were terrified when it was known that T-o LoNDoN. ~~~~~~~~~~TO LONDON. ~their fleet from La Rochelle had been conquered by the English, and WHILE these knights and squires of France were making them- every moment expected to be attacked. The inhabitants knew not selves ready to march for Castille, and each, as soon as prepared, set how to act, whether to fly or embark on board their laid-up vessels, off, more especially from the distant parts, as the journey was long; to wait the event and defend themselves. Had the English suspected the English fleet was at sea, between the coasts of England and the state of Sluys, they might have been lords of that town and castle, F'anders. The earl of Arundel was admiral of it; but he had un- or had they followed the advice of Peter du Bois, who strongly reder him the earl of Devonshire, the earl of Nottingham, and the commended, when they were masters of the fleet, to make for Sluys, bishop of Norwich, with five hundred men-at-arms and one thousand which they would be sure to gain. The English, however, thought archers, and they were cruising about in search of their enemies. they had done sufficient; and some said, " We shall commit a great They received supplies of provisions from the English coast, the folly if we enter Sluys; for those of Bruges, Damme, and Ardemislands of Cornwall, Brittany, and Normandy; but were much vexed bourg, will shut us up in it, and we shall thus lose all we have won. that the Flemish fleet had escaped into La Rochelle, and still more, It is much better that we keep our prizes, and make war with pru. that the constable of France should have passed Calais, from Tre- dence." The English, therefore, did not disembark, but contented guier to Sluys, without their having met him. They were desirous themselves with attempting to burn the vessels that were in the har. of engaging him, though he had as many vessels as themselves; but bor. They selected the lightest vessels from those they had con. he sailed through them in the night, with a favorable wind and tide. quered, and filling and bedaubing them with pitch, oil, and other The fleet, after this, anchored in Margate-roads, at the mouth of combustibles, let them float with the tide into the harbor of Sluys. the Thames, to wait for the return of the Flemings from La Rochelle, These vessels burnt so clear and well, that the English hoped they which they knew would soon happen. The merchants from Flan. would set fire to some lhrge ships from Castille and other countries, ders, Hainault, and several other parts, who had sailed in a body for indifferent to them which; but they did not the smallest damage to fear of the English, having loaded their vessels again with wines, any. The English, by this victory, gained great wealth, especially set sail from the port of La Rochelle, with a favorable wind, for in wine, as they captured more than nine thousand tuns, which Flanders and Sluys, from whence they had come. They had passed caused wine to be as dear in Flanders and Hainault all that year as the Ras-St-Matthieu,* in Brittany, and coasted the shores of Nor- it was of course cheap in England. Thus it happens, one man's mandy and England, until they came to the mouth of the Thames, gain is another's loss. The English, however, did not sail from where the English fleet were lying at anchor. The Flemings des- Sluys, but remained at anchor, and fiom the galleys and barges cried their masts, and those aloft said, " Gentlemen, prepare your- landed on the opposite side of the river to Sluys, at Tremue, which selves, for we shall meet the English fleet: they have seen us, and they burnt, with the monastery, and some other towns on the coast, will take advantage of the wind and tide to give us battle before whither they went along the sea-shore, or on the dikes, called Turnnight." This intelligence was not very agreeable to several of the hout and Moerdyck. They made many of the countrymen pris. merchants from Hainaclh and other countries, who having their goods oners, and lay thus at anchor upward of ten days; during which time on board. would have wished to have sheered off. However, as a they formed several ambuscades between Damme and Sluys, and on combat was now unavoidable, they made preparations for it; they the road to Coxye. Sir John de Launay, a man-at-arms from Tourhad, of cross-bows and other armed men, upward of seven hundred, nay, was there made a prisoner, who, in company with the lord under the command of a noble and valiant knight of Flanders, called d'Estrinay and sir Blanquart de Coulonge, had set out full gallop, sir John de Bucq, who was admiral of the Flemish seas for the duke with forty lances, for Sluys, on hearing the English were on the coast. of Burgundy, and who had done much mischief to the English at It fortunately happened, that sir Robert Marchand, who had mar. * Rae-St. Mattten, teuppase, mast meaa Ras-~de-Blacqusetwhiei i a n t Died one of the late earl's bastards, was at the time in Bruges: he of the se. between Aldeney and Cape la Itogue. J instantly hastened to Sluys, and flung himself into the castle, which 420 CHRON 1CI'cS OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c he found weakly guarded, and unprovided. But if the English had succors from the king of Castille and the French knights at Valla. landed, and entered Sluys with the same earnestness they had done dolid, otherwise they would not have held out; and I know not how at Tremue on the other side of the river, they must have gained the such peasants, who had none but themselves to advise with, could castle; for so great was the alarm in the town, that no one paid at- so vigorously have opposed the flower of the English army, and how tention to anything, nor thought of defending themiselves. Sir Robert it happened that they were not frightened, for every day there were Marchand encouraged them by saying, "You men of Sluys, what skirmishes and assaults. The bravest captains of the army said to are you thinking of? It would seem from your appearance that you sir Thomas: "Let us leave this town, and may lightning destroy it, are defeated without striking a blow. Men of valor ought to show and advance further into the country, toward Mamez,* Noya, or a good countenance as long as possible; and, should they be taken Betances:' we can at any time return hither." "By my faith," or slain in their own defence, they will have the grace of God and replied sir Thomas, "such peasants shall never have it to say they praise of the world." Thus did sir Robert harangue those of Sluys; have defeated me, were I to remain here these two months, unless notwithstanding which, the whole country, as far as Bruges, was the duke shall otherwise order." The marshal was thus obstinate tinder the utmost alarm, as long as the English remained on the in continuing the siege. coast; for they now daily disembarked and foraged far in the country. King John received frequent intelligence, at Valladolid, how the Not having horses, they were always on foot: when their expeditions men at Ribadavia were defending themselves valiantly, and: would were ended, they slept on board, and on the morrow renewed their not surrender. "In God's name," said Barrois des Barres, "I am excursions to the east and west, without opposition. They burnt much vexed I had iiot sent thither some Frenchmen, who would the town of Coxye, and another large village on the road from the have greatly encouraged the inhabitants, and still more that I did coast to Ardembourg, called Hosebourg: they would have done not go myself, for I should then have acquired all the honor which more if they had known the state of the country. After staying as these peasants will now have; and, if they had really told me it was long as they pleased, and finding no attempt made to regain what a town of such strength, and that it required such a garrison, I would, they had won on sea and land, they set sail with a favorable wind without doubt, have reinforced it, and have personally risked the for England, carrying with them more than two hundred thousand command; and God would have given me grace to guard and de. francs of wealth. Having entered the Thames, they landed at Lon- fend it, as he has done to these peasants." Such were the conver. don, where they were joyfully received for the fine wines of Poitou sations that firequently passed between the king of Castille and the and Saintonge they had on board, which were intended to have been French knights, who were eager to be employed. They said to the drunk in Flanders, Brabant, Hainault, Liege, and other places. king: "It will be right, sir, that you send one hundred spears to the They were dispersed throughout England, and the prices so much castles of Noya and Corufia, and they will defend those parts of iepressed from the quantity, a gallon was sold for fourpence. The Galicia situated between those two castles." " And whom can we English who resided on the frontiers of Flanders, Holland, and Zen- send thither?" Several knights instantly offered their services, such land, were too enterprising in their voyages to Dordrecht, Zuric-zee, as sir Tristan de Roye, sir Reginald and sir Lambert de Braque. Middlebourg, and the Brielle in Holland. Some of the merchants mont, sir Tristan de la Jaille, sir John de Chatelmorant, and sir Bar.of Zuric-zee had, on board the fleet that was captured, much wine rois des Barres, whom the king heard with pleasure, and said; " My from La Rochelle, which was restored to them. The English were fair sirs, I give you many thanks for your willingness; but you can. right in thus courteously treating them; for Zuric-zee would never not all go: some must remain with me in case of accidents; and ioin the French in their invasion of England, nor permit them ts for the present, I shall entreat sir Barrois des Barres, if he please te have any vessels or boats from thence, and this conduct acquired undertake this business." TIhe Barrois was much delighted on them the love of the English. hearing this, for he had too long remained idle, and replied "Sir Sir John de Bucq was a prisoner at London, on his word: he was king, I thank you: I will defend them to the utmost of my power; permitted to go anywhere about the town, but at sunset he was to and, when I am once within them, I will never depart without your return to his lodgin-; nor would the English ever listen to any ran. special order." "By God," said the king, "I believe we shall soon som for him, though the duke of Burgundy would willingly have have news from France." The knights were ignorant of the degiven in exchange a bastard brother of the king of Portugal, who campment frorn Sluys, though the king knew it; for the duke ot had been taken at sea in coming from Middlebourg: had he been Bourbon had written to him the whole account, and what was going within the limits of Zealand, he would have escaped. I believe sir forward in France; how he was to come to Castille with three thouJohn de Bucq remained a prisoner in London for three years, and sand spears; but that sir William de Lignac and sir Walter de Pasthere died. sac were first to clear the passes, with an equal number of lances. He asked the knights if they wished to hear news. "Ah, sire, tell C ~H ~A ~T ER L ~IV. us some from France, for we are very anxious to hear from thence." "Willingly," replied the king. He then told them that the duke of tHE KING OF fORTUGAL SENDS ENHASSADORS TO THE DUEE OF LAN- Bourbon was appointed by the king of France and his council, cornCASTER TO CONCLUDE HIS MARRIAGE WITIt THE LADY PHItIPPA. mander-in-chief of all the forces sent to Castille, which amounted to SIR BARROIS DES BARRES IS ORDERED BY THE KING OF CASTILLE six thousand spears; that sir William de Lignac and sir Walter de TO THE -CASTLE OF NOYA.* Passac were to lead the van, of three thousand knights and squires, IT is time for us now to return to the affairs of Castille and Portu- and w-ere then on their march; that the invasion of England was de. gal, and to speak of the duke of Lancaster, as to the prosperity of ferred until May, when the constable of France, the count de St. his undertakings, for his concerns were not trifling; and likewise to Pol, and the lord dcI Coucy, should there land, with four thousand mention the aid France sent king John of Castille, for otherwise his lances. "What do you say to this?" asked the king. "What do fortunes would have made a small figure: he would have lost this we say, sire?" replied the knights, who were rejoiced: "we say year his whole kingdom, if it had not been for the friendship of the that it is delightful news, and we cannot have better; and, in the king of France. Intelligence is soon spread abroad, and the king of course of the summer, many gallant deeds will be done in your Portugal was as quickly informed of what was doing in France, rela- country; for, if they have ordered six thousand, nine thousand will tive to the great armament that was to invade England, by his mer- come. We shall certainly combat the English, who now keep the chants on their return home, as the duke of Lancaster; for the king field; and, before St. John's day, we will shut them up." "On my resided, at that season, at Oporto, which is one of the largest cities faith," said each of the knights, "the three you have named are and the most frequented port of his realm. He was rejoiced to hear gallant men, especially the duke of Bourbon: and the other two are it was at an end, for he had been told England would be ruined; well qualified to command men-at-arms. and this had made him hesitate as to the conclusion of his marriage, The news of this army coming from France was soon known in amusing the duke and duchess with fine words and compliments. Valladolid, and throughout Castille; and that it had been ordered to When he learnt for certain, that the king of France and his nobles arrive by the first of May, to the great comfort of all, and joy of the were returned home, he summoned his council, and said: " My fair knights and squires. sirs, you know that the duke and duchess of Lancaster are in Galicia: you also know, a great affection subsists between us, and that we have had several conferences; in one of which it has been proposed by our councils, that I should take the lady Philippa to wife. I CHAP ER LV. mean to persevere in this business, and to make an honorable de- THE DUKE OF LANCASTER SENDS A REINFORCEMENT TO THE SIEGE OF mand of her, as is becoming two such princes as the duke of Lan. RIBADAVIA. ON TIHAT TOWN BEING TAKEN BY STORM, MAURES $ INcaster and myself; for I will have her for my queen." "Sir," STANTLY SURRENDERS. replied those to whom he addressed himself, "you are in the right, SIR Barrois des Barres left the king of Castille in Valladolid, and for so you have solemnly promised and sworn. Now, whom shall accompanied by only fifty spears, rode toward the town of Noya. we send to conduct the lady hither?" The archbishop of Braganza News was brought to sir Thomas Moreaux's army, but I know not and sir J oao Rodriguez de S/ were named; and as they were not by whom, that the French were on their march, to the amount of present, they were sent for, and informed how they were to act. five hundred lances, to raise the siege of Ribadavia. Sir Thomas They undertook the business with pleasure, and were escorted going too easily believed this intelligence; for those who told it affirmed it and returning by two hundred spears. for truth, and that they had seen them on their march, on this side We will now speak of sir Thomas Moreaux's siege of Ribadavia, the river Duoro, and encamped at Villalpando. The marshal was and relate what happened there. I believe the inhabitants expected advised to let the duke of Lancaster have information of this, which * Noya is an atient town in Galicia, five or six leagues to the westward of Saint * "Mamez." Q, Muore. t "Betances." Q. Betangoso or Entanna.'~t~rgo t "Maures" Q. Mures. CHIRONICI;LES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. ~' he did, by sending to him sir John d'Amrbreticaurt, and a herald well " Consider," said some of the most prudent, " what has been the con. acquainted with the roads in Galicia. H-Ie himself was always on sequence of the defence of Ribadavia, which was much stronger than his guard, lest he should be surprised in the night, and one half of our town; they held out for near a month, but no reinforcements his army was on duty, while the other half slept. When the arrival were sent them. The king of Castille, as we understand, looks on uf sir John and the herald at Saint Jago, where the duke and duchess all Galicia, as far as the river Duoro, as lost, and you will never, this resided, was known, the duke said," They have brought some intel- year, see any of the French enter it. Let us, therefore, hr ndsomely ligsnce," and, sending for them, asked the news. "Good news, my surrender, without making any opposition, in the like manner the lord: the marshal sends me hither to know how you would wish him other towns of Castille have done." "It is well said," the heboers to act; for he has learnt for certain, that the French have assembled replied, and they unanimously agreed to adopt this opinion. "But a strong body in Castille, and are on their march to cross the river, how shall we manage it?" said some of them. "In God's name," and engage with our men before Ribadavia. This is the news I have replied those who proposed the surrender, "we will go out to meet brought." "In God's name," replied he, " it is news enough, but the English, and present them the keys of our town; for they are a we will soon provide a remedy." He looked at sir John Holland and civil people, and will not hurt us: if we receive them kindly, we sir Thomas Percy, his constable and admirable, and said to them: shall have their thanks." " Take three hundred spears and five hundred archers, and join our Having determined on this plan, fifty of the principal inhabitants companions before Ribadavia, who are looking for the French coming went out of the town as soon as they heard the English were apto attack them." They replied, they would cheerfully obey, and, proaching, and waited on the road, about a quarter of a league off. making themselves ready, set out with the above-rnention&d force, News was brought to the English army, that those of Muros had and arrived before Ribadavia, to the great joy of their countrymen. come out of their town, not in hostile array, but with the intention of Sir John Holland said to the marshal; "What do these fellows of surrendering and offering the keys of the place, which they had Ribadavia mean? will they not surrender?" No, by my faith," re. brought with them. Some of the lords rode forward to know the plied sir Thomas, " they are so presumptuous: notwithstanding they truth of it, but ordered the army to halt until their return. As they have seen all the neighboring towns do so, they obstinately follow were advancing, the townsmen were told, "IHere come three of the their own inclinations. They are but peasants; for not one gentle. principal lords of England, sent by the duke of Lancaster to conquer man is in the town." "Say no more," answered sir John: "before the country: speak to them." On which, they cast themselves on four days we will put them in such plight, that they will gladly sur- their knees, and said; " My lords, behold th., poor inhabitants of render to any who will show them mercy; but tell the admiral and Muros, who are desirous to put themselves u tdc the obedience of me, are the French abroad? " I was so informed," said sir Thomas, the duke and duchess of Lancaster: we therefore entreat you to re. "and was assured there wey'e upward of five hundred in one body. ceive us in your favor, for all we have is yours." The three lords, This is very probable: for men-at-arms are continually coming from having consulted together, replied; "Good people, we will return France to Castille. I afterwards heard, that only sir Barrois des with you to your town, and enter it with part of bur army, but not Barres had entered the castle of Noya with fifty lances, aind I know all, and there you shall take such oaths as good subjects ought to their nothing more of them." The conversation now ceased; and the lord and lady." They answered, they would cheerfully do so. "Now, new comers were lodged among them as well as circumstances would then," said the lords, " go back, and open your gates, for your suradmit, and were well served from the provision which had followed render is accepted." They flung open the gates and barriers for the them. Four days after the arrival of sir John Holland and sir Thomas constable and other lordS, who might amount to four hundred lances, Percy, great preparations were made for a general assault; and a large but not more; the rest reniained without the walls, but had much machine of timber was built, and mounted on wheels, which could provision firom the town, wherein the leaders were lodged, and where be pu.hed anywhere. It would contain, with ease, one hundred they made the townsmen take the usual oaths of obedience. men-at-arms, and the same number of archers; but, for this attack, it was filled with archers only, and the ditches were levelled where it was intended to pass. CHAPTER LVI. When the attack commenced, this machine was wheeled up to the walls by main force; and the archers, being well provided with ar-'TE LADY PHILtPPA OF LANCASTER IS MARRIED, BY PROCURATION, TO THE rows, shot vigorously on their enemies, who returned it by throwing ING OF PORTUGAL. THE CEREMONY IS AAI PORED IT RT MAGNI FIP RUA.TECENCEMOND FSINS AGAI OPERORMDWTO.GEA darts and such other missile weapons, as wss wonderful to behold. AGNIFICECE ND FEASTIN AT OORTO. The roof of this machine was covered with strong ox-hides to shelter ON the morrow, after the surrender of Muros, when the knights them firo' the effects of the stones and the darts: underneath were were preparing for their march toward Betanqos, a messenger firom men-at-arms well shielded, that with pick-axes worked hard, and with the duke of Lancaster arrived with letters, ordering them to return success against the walls; for the townsmen could not prevent them instantly, whatever might be their situation; for he was daily expect. for fear of the archers, who gave them full employment. At length ing the archbishop of Braganza and sir Joao Rodriguez de Sa, ema large breach was made in the wall, and a considerable part thrown bassadors from the king of Portugal, who were to marry his daughter into the ditch; which when the Galicians perceived, they were so by procuration, and conduct her to that king at Oporto, where he was dismayed, that they cried loudly, "We surrender, we surrender!" waiting for her. Sir John Holland, the marshal and admiral, on No one made any answer; but the English laughed at them, and said, learning this, altered their plans, and said it was proper that their'"These peasants have done us much mischief, anrid mock us by now lord the duke, when he received embassadors from the king of Poroffering to surrender, for the town is ours." Some of the English tugal, should have all his council with him. Having placed sufficient replied, "If you wish to say anything to us, it must be in good French garrisons in the towns they had won, they said they would not ator English, for we do not understand Castilian," and kept advancing tempt more until the month of May, and returned to Saint Jago, and slaying those who were flying before them. They killed them whither the duke had sent for themn. T'hree days after their arrival, in heaps; and that day there were fifteen hundred put to death, in. came the archbishop of Braganza and sir Joao Rodriguez de Sa, who cluding Jews, many of whom were resident in the town. T'hus was entered the town of Saint Jago with two hundred horse, where they Ribadavia taken by storm; those who first entered it gained great were all lodged, everything having been prepared for them. pillage, especially from the houses of the Jews, wherein they found Whe~n the archbishop, with the knights and lords in his company, more wealth in money than elsewhere. After the town had been had refireshed themselves, they waited on the duke and duchess ot plundered, the mnarshal was asked what he intended doing with it, Lancaster in grand array, who received them most graciously. They and if they should set it on fire. "Oh, no," replied he, "we will then declared the motive of the embassy, which the duke heard with keep it, and makle it as strong as any town in Gaicia." pleasure; for hlie was rejoiced at the exaltation of his daughter, anrd After they had consulted whither to go next, they determined to the connection with the king of Portugal, which was very oppo tune, march to Muros, another tolerably good town in Galicia. The gar- if he persevered in his intention of conquering Castille. The archrison of Ribadavia, consisting of twenty spears and sixty archers, was bishop explained, to the satisfaction of the duke and his council, that put under the command of sir Peter Clinton, a valiant knight and by power of the king's procuration, he was authorized to espouse expert man-at-arms. The army carried away nluch provision from personally the lady Philippa of Lancaster, in the name of don John, the town, which was well stored, particularly in pork and wines: king of Por;ugal. During the residence of these embassadors at these last were so strong and fiery, they could scarcely drink them; Saint Jago, the ceremony was peformed by virtue of the above-men. and when any of the English drank too much, they were disabled for tioned procuration; and the archbishop of Braganza and the lady two days. On their departure from Riobadavia, they took the road Philippa were courteously laid beside each other, on a bed, as married toward Muros, and had their large machine taken to pieces and persons should be. This being done, on the morrow the lady and brought after them, for they found it had caused great alarm to many her attendants were ready to depart; and, having bidden adieu to her other towns. father and mother, she mounted her palfrey, as did her damsels, and When the inhablitants of Muros hmemird that the En!glish were on her bastard sister, the wife of the marshal, who accompanied her to their march to attache them, that Ribadavia had been stormed an'd Portugal. Sir John Holland, sir Thomas Percy, and sir John d'Am mnimbers pust to death, and that they h —ad with them a devil of a mna- breticourt, were ordered to escort her, with one hundred spears and chine, so great and wonderful it could not be destroyed, they wvere two hundred archers. They followed.the road to Oporto, and, when much firightened thereat, and were app,'eheunsive what the English near, were met by the king and his court, with all the prelates at that might do to, them. They held a council, whether they should defend time in Oporto, to do her honur; such as the bishops of Lisbon, uhe towna or nmot, and thought it would be more for their advantage to Evora, Coimbra, and Opt'rto: among the barons were, the counts surrender; for, shiuld time town be stormed, they woult lose their d'Angouse, de Novaire, de l'Escahle, Guadalupe Ferrant Pacheco Lives and fortunes and they saw no hopes of aid from any quarter. Vasco Martin do Merle, with upward of forty knighls, amimd r e-at 4A=2Z CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. crowds of ladies and other persons, and the whole of the clergy in knees, thus spoke: "Our most redoubted lord and lady, the con their holiday dresses. Thus was the lady Philippa conducted to the monalty of the town of Entenqa, hearing you were marching youy king's palace at Oporto, where she dismounted. The king took her army against them, have sent us hither to entreat you would delay by the hand and kissed her, performing the same ceremony to all advancing further for eight or nine days only, in which time they the ladies who accompanied her, and then led her to her apartment. will send to the king of Castille, in Valladolid, an account of the where he took leave of her and her companions. great peril they are in; and if, during those nine days, they be not The English lords and their men were lodged in the town, which reinforced sufficiently to offer you combat, they will put themselves is of considerable size; and this night they kept the vigil of the feast fully under your obedience. In the mean time, should you or your by caroling, dancing, and other amusements, until the morrow's army be in want of provision or stores, those of the town will cheer dawn. On Tuesday morning,* the king of Portugal, the prelates and fully serve you with both for your money." The duke made no re. lords of his country, were dressed by eight o'clock, and, mounting ply, leaving it to the duchess; as she was from that country. She their horses at the palace gate, rode to the cathedral called St. Mary's looked at the duke, and said, "Well, my lord, what do you say?" church, where they waited for the queen. She followed shortly after, "Lady, what do you say? you are the heiress of this country, and, attended by her ladies and damsels; and, though the embassadors as the inheritance comes through you, you must reply." "It will had before espoused her in the king's name, the ceremony was bhe right then, my lord, that their offer be accepted; for I do not beagain performed; which done, they returned to the palace, where lieve that the king of Castille has any desire to combat you so soon." were grand and solemn feastings. In the afternoon were tilts and " I do not know that," answered the duke; " God grant it may haptournaments before the king and queen; and in the evening the pen otherwise: we shall the sooner put an end to the business; and prizes were distributed. Sir John Holland gained the one destined I wish it were to take place within six days; but, since you are for strangers; and that for the natives was won by a knight attached to desirous their offer be accepted, I consent." The duchess then adthe king, sir John Testad'oro. The day and nightpassed thusjovially dressed the deputies, saying, "You may return, for your offer is in various amusements. That night the king lay with the queen; accepted; but you must deliver up to the marshal twelve of your and it was reported by those who were near his person, that he had principal citizens, as pledges for the due performance of the treaty." hitherto been perfectly chaste, and had never known woman. They replied they would do so, and, rising up, were given to the On the morrow the feastings and joustings were renewed, when care of sir John Sounder, who conducted them hack to the marshal, sir Vasco Martin de Merlo gained one prize, and sir John d'Ambre- and told him what had passed, which gave him satisfaction. The ticourt the other. The night was spent as before, in carolings, deputies returned to their town and related the success of their mis. dancing, and other sports; and while the English staid at Oporto, sion. Twelve of the principal inhabitants were sent to the marshal, there were tournaments every day. With such rejoicings was the and the place was unmolested, on the terms mentioned. In another queen of Portugal received on her arrival at Oporto. They lasted council they resolved to send the same six men, and no others, to upward of ten days; and the king made all the strangers, on their inform the king of Castille of their situation. They rode to Valla. departure, such gifts as satisfied them. The English lords, having, dolid, where the king resided, with part of his council, and, their ar. taken leave of the king and queen of Portugal, returned to Saint rival being notified to him, he was eager to see them, to learn the Jago. The duke and duchess of Lancaster made great inquiries, news and talk with them; for he was ignorant of the treaty they had and were told all that had passed; that the king saluted them, and entered into, and that the English were before Entenqa. that the queen recommended herself to their love. Sir John Holland and sir Thomas Percy added, "My lord, the last words the king said to us were, that you might take the field when you pleased, for that C ATER LII. t=1 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~C HA PT ER. L VI II. that he would join you and enter Castille." "That is good news, indeed," replied the duk&. THE DUCHESS OF LANCASTER AND HER DAUGHTER VISIT THE KING AND About fifteen days after the return of the lords from Portugal, the QUEEN OF PORTUGAL. THE INHABITANTS OF ENTEN~A RECEIVING duke of Lancaster ordered them to prepare for conquering the remain- NEITHER ANSWER NOR SUCCOR FROM THE KING OF CASTILLE, SURRENing towns in Galicia, for there were several he was not master of. It DER TO THE DUKE OF LANCASTER, ACCORDING TO THE TERMS OF THEIR was settled by the council of the duke, that when he should depart TREATY. from Saint Jago, the duchess and her daughter Catherine should visit WHILE these six deputies were journeying toward Valladolid, the the king and queen of Portugal, at Oporto. The town of Saint Jago duke of Lancaster gave directions for the departure of his duchess was placed under the command of an English knight, called sir and daughter, the lady Catherine, to visit the king and queen of Por. Lewis Clifford, with thirty spears, and one hundred archers, for his tugal. On their setting out, the duke said, "Constance, you will gainison. salute from me the king my son, my daughter, and the barons of Portugal, and give them all the intelligence you can; how Entenqa CHAP T E L V I I. has entered into a treaty with me; but that I doubt if John de THE DUKE OF LANCASTER MARCHES ItS ARMY TO ENTENCA. THE INHABI- Transtamare, your adversary, will allow them to keep it, or whethei TAiNTS SEND, WITH THE CONSENT OF THE DUKE, TO THE KING OF CAS- he will offer me battle; for well I know that great reinforcements TILLE FOR SUCCOR. are to come to him from France, and those who are eager for renown WAEN the duke of Lancaster marched from Saint Jao, he left will hasten to Castille as speedily as possible. It will be necessary E the duke of ancaster marched fiom Saint Jago, he left no for me to be daily on my guard, in expectation of an engagement,,nore in? garrison than those already mentioned. He rode on, in comnmore i garrison than those already mentioned. He rode on, in com- which you will tell the king and his barons; and that, if I shall learn pany with his duchess, toward the city of Enten~a, which is a good anything for certain of a combat being likely to take place, I will town in one of the extremities of Galicia, and the last on the bor- anything for certin of a combat being liely to take place, I will instantly signify it to the king of Portugal. Desire him from me, to tiers of Portugal, in'the direct road from Saint Jago to Oporto and yr Coimbra. They had tiken this lineof march, bcae th d s be well prepared to come to our assistance, in the defence of our Coimbra. They had taken this line of march, because the duchess rig~ht, aS he has solemnly sworn to do in the treaties concluded beand her daughter were to visit Portugal. The inhabitants of Entenqa, a soll wrn to te rate co he. heaingthathdkendisrm wereavancinatween us. You will return to me; but leave our daughter Catherine hearing that the duke and his army were advancing against them, with her sister, the queen of Portugal, for she cannot be better held a council to consider what conduct they should pursue. After lwt r s re qee ort, rshe nob bte placed, nor more in safety." "My lord," replied the duchess, "all inany debates, it was at length agreed that they should send six of this I will cheerfully perform." their principal men to the duke and duchess, to entreat they might The duchess, her dughter, and the ladies and dmsels who acnot be attacked for eight days only, when they would let the king of copanied the, toa teir leave and departed. They were escorted Castille know their situation, and if he sent them no aid they would to Oporto by the admiral, sir Tomas Percy, ir Evan Fitzwarren, surrender unconditionally. The six citizens, on leaving the town, the lord Taobot, sir Jhn d'Ambreticouma and sir Maubrun de Lintook the road the English were coming, and first met the vanguard underthecommand ohmra wlieres, with one hundred spears and two hundred archers. The king under the command of the marshal, by whom they were instantly re inab t of Portugal, hearing the duchess of Lancaster and her daughter were arrested. They said they were deputed by the inhabitants of En- ID p ono the road; was much pleased, and sent some of his principal courtenqa to parley with the duke. Upon which the marshal said to sir tiers to meet them, such as the counts d'Angouses, de Novaire, sir John Sounder, who was by his side, "Conduct these men to my o Rodriuez d S ir Joao Ferrant Pacheco sir Vasco Martin.X~ao Rodriguez de Sb, sir Joao Forrant Pacheco, sir Vasco lMartin lord; for it will be necessary to escort them, or they may be slain by de Merlo, sir Et-eas Colle, and twenty other knights. They rode our archers." The knight replied, he would take care of them; and d lo Eges ohe a twe oe kh They r two lohg leagues before they met the ladies, who received them gra. then the marshal said, "Go, go, this knight will conduct you." They tho aleprte androde together untith ame upwith the du ciously and gayly. The duchess politely made acquaintance with the all departed, and rode together until they came up with the duke I different knights, and, as they rode together, she conversed with and duchess, who had dismounted, and were sitting under some'fine t, ~~~uch affbility among them till. Thus did they arrive at Oporto, olive trees, ottended by sir John Holland, sir Thomas Percy, and much abiity among them all. Thus did they arrive at Oporto, when the duchess and her ladies were conducted to the palace. The notders. On seeing sir John Sounder approach, they eyed him well;king was the first who waited n them, and kissed them all round a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~rnd ws h irs Johnolln said, "Fai brther, Sonder, red theseal prisone sir Jot~ln Holland said, LL Fair brother, Sounder, are the prisn then came the queen, attended by her ladies, and received her lady. oners thine." " They are not prisoners, sir, but men from Entenga whorr. the marshal has ordered rue to conduct to my lord; an~ote and sse otknl n ooal.Tewoeplc froma whoatIcan lhearn, they wish tode trea o ct with him." The duke was rejoiced at the arrival of these ladies ~ but I will not pretend to from what I can learn, they wish to treat with him." The duke speakr very particular~I~y of what passed, for I was not there: all I and duchess heard all this; and sir John Sounder continued, "Come speak ver pri ar ohat passed, for I as nt there:al forwad, m goodpeope: yu seeyourlord nd ldy."know was fr'om that gallant knight, sir Joao Ferrant Pacheco, who forward, my good people: you see yowas present ad.' The duchess took a propel' opportunity to deliver tho Upon this the six men advanced, and, casting themselves on their was present. ________________________________ ________________________________ -duke's message to the king of Portugal, who replied with prudence ~ The tlth of February, 137, the day of the Purification. The king was twenty-nine and fi'iendship, " Lady and cousia, I am prepared, should the king yars of age. the queen twenty-eight. —]~u. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 423 oi Castille take the field, with three thousand lances, who are sta- Carcassone, where, as they arrived, they quartered themselves in the tioned on the borders of Castille, whom I can collect in three days, richest parts, and many never paid anything for what they took. and I shall also bring with me full twenty thousand men firom the News was brought to the count de Foix at Orthis, where he resided, commonalty of the country, who are not to be despised, for they that the French men-at-arms were advancing near his country, with were of the greatest service to me at the battle of Aljubarota." the intent of marching through it in their way to Castille. Those "Sir," said the duchess, "you say well, and I am greatly thankful to who told him this, added, "But, my lord, the mischief is, that they you; and if my lord gain any further intelligence, he will instantly pay for nothing they take, and the people fly before them as if they let you know." Such was the conversation that passed between the were English. The captains are still at Carcassone, and their men king of Portugal and the duchess of Lancaster. overrun from thence all the adjacent countries. They cross the We will now return to Entenqa, and say what %uccess their depu- Garonne at Toulouse, and enter Bigorre, from whence they will soon ties had at Valladolid. On their being introduced to the king of be in your territories; and, if they do there what they have done on Castille, they cast themselves on their knees, and said, "Most re. their march, they will greatly injure your domains of Bearn. Condoubted lord, if you will condescend to listen to us, we have been sider, therefore, how you will act." The count de Foix, who had sent hither by your town of Entenqa, which has been forced to enter instantly formed his resolution, replied, "I will, that all my castles, into a treaty with the duke and duchess of Lancaster. The terms as well in Foix as in Be'arn, be well garrisoned with men-at-armss, of which are, that the English will abstainfrom any attack for nine and that all the country be put on its guard, as if an immediate bat. days; and if, within that time, you shall come in sufficient force to tie were to take place; for I will not suffer from the wars in Cas. oflr' them combat and resist the duke, the town will remain yours: tille. My lands are firee; and, if the French want to pass through but, if not, the town has given up hostages to surrender it to them. them, they shall truly pay for whatever they may want, or they shall You will be pleased, most redoubted lord, to say what you will do." be shut against them. This I order you, sir William and Peter The king replied, than " he would advise upon it, and they should de B6arn, to see obeyed." These two knights were bastard-brothers, have an answer." He then left them, and retired to his chamber. valiant in arms, and able to support the count's orders. They re. I am ignorant if he summoned his council or not, or how the matter plied, they would undertake the charge willingly. was mnaged; but these six men were there for eight days without Proclamation was made, throughout the territories of the count, obtaining any answer, nor did they again see the king. The day for every one to provide himself with proper arms, and to be pre came for the surrender of the town before any of the deputies re- pared to march on instant notice, wherever sent for. Numbers came turned. The duke, therefore, sent his marshal to Entenqa, on the to Foix, Bearn, and the stewartry of Toulouse, prepared for battle. tenth day, to say, that if the town were not surrendered, according Messire Espaing de Lyon, with a hundred good lances and men-at. to the terms of the treaty, he would instantly cut off the heads of the arms, was sent to the city of Pamiers; messire Ricart de Saint Leger, hostages. The marshal, on arriving at the barriers, whither he sum- to Savredun; Peter de BWarn held Mazeres with a hundred lances; moned the inhabitants, thus addressed them: "My good people, the messire Pierre Cabestan was at Bellepuich at the entrance into the duke of Lancaster sends me to know why you have not brought him county of Foix; messire Pierre Menaut de Noailles with fifty lances, the keys of the town, and put yourselves under his obedience, as you at Saint Shibaut, on the Garonne; messire Pierre de la Roche at were in duty bound? The nine days expired, as you know, yester- Palaminich; the bastard d'Espaigne, at the castle of Lamesen; mesday. If you do not instantly comply, he will order the heads of the sire Arnault Guillaume, with, in all, a hundred lances, at Morlans; nostages to be struck off, and then march hither to storm the town, messire Guy de la Motte, at Pau; messire Raymond de Chastel. when you will all be slain, without mercy, like to those of Ribadavia." Neuf, at Mont-de-Marsan; messire Evan de Foix, bastard son to the Tihe men of Entenqa, hearing this, were much afraid, not only for count, at Sauveterre; messire Berdruc de Nebosem, at Montesquieu; theimselves, but also for their friends who were pledged for the ob- messire Jean de Saint Marcille, at Aire; messire Hector de la Garde, servance of the treaty, and replied, "In good truth, my lord marshal, at Oron; John de Chastel-Neuf, at Montgerviel; Jean de Morlans, the duke has reason for saying what you tell us; but we know not at Erciel. Messire Raymond l'Aisn(, who had the command of the what is become of the deputies we sent to the king of Castille, nor castle of Malvoisin, was ordered to be very attentive to the whole of what can have kept them at Valladolid." " Sirs, they may perhaps that frontier, and sent his cousin, sir Arnaulton d'Espaign, to St. be confined," said the marshal; " for the news they carried could Gaudens. In short, there was not a town or castle in Foix and not be very pleasant to the king, and my lord will not longer wait. B6arn unprovided with men-at-arms, which the count said were suf. Consider well what answer you make, for, if it be not agreeable, I ficient to oppose double their numbers; for they amounted, in the am ordered to commence the attack." They answered; "My lord, whole, to twenty thousand picked men-at-arms. only allow us time to collect all the inhabitants together, that we It was told to sir William de Lignac, who resided at Toulouse, may know their determination." " I consent to it," said he. They and sir Walter de Passac, at Carcassone, how the count de Foix had entered the town once more, and, by sound of trumpet in every summoned his men-at-arms and reinforced all his garrisons; and that street, the inhabitants were summoned to the market-place, where, it was reported he would not suffer their army to pass through his when assembled, the chief citizens told them all that had passed be- country. The two knights, on hearing this, though captains of the tween them and the marshal. Having agreed to surrender the town, others, were much astonished, and appointed a day to meet and for the release of their hostages from prison, whom they were un- confer on the subject. They met at the castle of Aury, half way willing to lose, they returned to the marshal and said, "Marshal, between Toulouse and Carcassone, when the following conversation your demands are reasonable, and we are ready to receive, as sove- passed on the means of gaining permission from the count de Foix reigns, the duke and duchess of Lancaster in our town, of which to march througin his territories: here are the keys. We will accompany you to the duke's quarters, "I wonder," said sir William, "very much, that neither the king if you will have the goodness to escort us." " I will willingly do of France nor his council have written to him, to obtain liberty for that," said the marshal. There came out of Entenqa upward of us to march quietly through Foix and B'arn. You must go to him, sixty persons, carrying with them the keys of the gates: the marshal sir Walter, and amicablW explain how we are sent by the king of conducted them to the duke, and obtained for them an audience, France to continie our march peaceably, and to pay for whatevei where they were well received, and had their hostages given up. we may want; for you must know, that the count de Foix is so The duke entered Enten(}a the same day, where he was lodged, and powerful, that he can, if he please, shut up the passage, and force as miany of his people as could be accommodated. us to go round by Arragon, which would be too long, and much Four days after the surrender of Enten;a, the six deputies returned against us. In truth, I know not of whom he is suspicious, nor why from Valladolid. They were asked why they had stayed so long; he has thus strengthened his towns and castles, nor if he have formed which they answered, by saying they could not help it. They had any connection with the duke of Lancaster; but I beg of you to go indeed seen and spoken to the king, who replied that he had heard thither, and learn the truth of what we have Iheard." " I will wil. them, and would advise on what answer to give; "but, though we lingly do so," replied sir Walter; and the two knights, having dined waited eight days for it, we are come back without any, for no fur- together, took leave of each other, and departed different ways: sir tter notice was taken of us." They had heard in Valladolid, that William de Lignac returned to Toulouse; and sir Walter de Passac, the king was expecting great succors from France; that numbers of attended by only forty horse, crossed the Garonne at St. Thibaut, men-at-arms were already arrived, and quartered up and down the where he met sir Menaut de Noailles, who entertained him hand. country; but that their commanders. sir William de Lignac and sir sormely. Sir Walter asked, where he could find the count de Foix Walter de Passac, were still behind: that the main body of the He replied, "At Orthbs." The two knights having passed some arnly, with the knights and squires, were on their march for Castille, little time together, conversing on different matters, separated; and: but that those who had been retained to serve under the duke of sir Walter went to St. Gaudens, where he made good cheer. On Bourbon were still at their homes. the morrow he came to St. John de Riviere, and, riding through. Lane-bourg, skirted Malvoisin, and lay at Tournay, an inclosed town of France. The next day he dined at Tarbos, and stayed the whole C H A P T E R L I X. day: having met the lord d'Anchin, and sir Menaut de Barbasan, two great barons of Btarn, they had much conversation together; FlIE COUNT DE roIx PERInTS THE FRENCSI CAPTAINS TO PASS THROUGe but, as the lord de Barbasan was an Arnmagnac, he would not say HIS TER~tiTORtIES, ON CONDITION THIEY SHOULD) PAY FOR wHIATEvER anything favorable of the count de Foix. Sir Walter, on the mor THlEY TARE. TIIEv ARRIVE AT ST. JEAN PIRO P5 PORT, AT THE EN. row, left Tarbes, and dined at Morlas in B~arn, where he found sir T~aAucEs Os NAVARRE. Reginald William, bastard brother to the count, whe received him Sma William de Lignac and sir Walter de Passac passing through kindly, and said, "Sir Waiter, you will meet my lord of Foix at. Franc%, assembled their men in the Toulousain, Narbonnois and j Orthbs, who, you may be assured, will be glad to see you." "God.! 424 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. grant it may be so," answered sir Walter; "for I am come pur- the count de Foix. He told him he might order the army to advance, posely to wait on him." They dined together, and sir Walter went as they would find the country of B1arn and the towns open to afterwards to Montgerbeil where he lay. On the ensuing day he ar- them, by paying for whatever they might want, but not otherwise. rived at Orthbs, about eight o'clock in the morning, but could not The messenger delivered this letter to sir William de Lignac at Tou. see the count until the afternoon, when he usually left his chamber. louse, who, having read it, communicated the contents to the leaders The count de Foix, hearing of the arrival of' sir Walter de Passac, of the men-at.-arms, and gave them orders to begin the march, and hastened to leave his apartment sooner than common; and sir Wal. to pay for whatever they might want in B6arn, or they would be ter, seeing him come out of his chamber, advanced to meet him, and called upon to make due restitution. This order was proclaimed, saluted him very respectfully. The count, who was perfectly polite, by sound of trumpet, in all their quarters; and, shortly after, the returned the salute; and, taking him by the hand, said, "Sir Wal- men-at-arms began their march from Toulouse, Carcassone, and other ter, you are welcome: what business has brought you to B6arn?" places, toward Bigorre. Sir William de Lignac left Toulouse, and, "My lorl," replied the knight, "sir William de Lignac and myself, on his arrival at Tarbes, found his brother-commander, sir Walter whom thi[ king of France has appointed commanders of the force de Passac. They mutually entertained each other with good cheer, which, you must have heard, he is sending to assist the king of Cas- as was natural, while their men-at-arms were continually passing tille, have been given to understand that you intend to prevent us, toward Bigorre, where they were to assemble and traverse Foix and by shutting your country of Bmrn against us and our men." The Bearn, in a body, to cross the Gave at Orthbs. count replied, " Sir Walter, under favor, I never mean to close my The instant you leave B6arn you enter the country of the Basqnes,* country against you, nor ally person who may travel peaceably where the king of England has large possessions in the archbish. through it, and pay honestly and fairly for whatever they may want, opric of Bordeaux and bishopric of Bayonne. The inhabitants of to the satisfaction of my people; for I have sworn to defend and fourscore villages with churches, attached to England, on hearing of protect them in their righ.ts, as good landholders ought to do, for this march of the French, were greatly alarmed lest their country upon these terms do they possess them. But I have heard that you would be overrun and spoiled; for at that time there were not any have a set of Bretons, Barrois, Lorainers and Burgundians, who never men-at-arms to defend it. Those, therefore, counselled together think of paying. It is against such I shall close my country; for I who were of the most influence and of the largest properties, and will not have my people harassed nor oppressed." determined to negotiate with the French for the ransom of their "It is the intention of my brother-commander and myself," re- country. They, in consequence, sent four deputies to Orthhs, emplied sir Walter,' that no one pass through your lands without pay- powered to treat for peace. They related to Ernauton du Pin, a ing for all things peaceably and to the contentment of your people, squire of the count de Foix, an agreeable and discreet man, the cause otherwise let him be arrested and punished according to your laws, of their coming, and entreated him, when, in two days' time, sir and make restitution for the damage he may have done, or we will William and sir Walter should come to Orthhs, to assist them in make satisfaction for him, on having him given up to us; and, if no their treaty. This Ernauton readily promised; and as they lodged gentleman, we will inmlict such exemplary justice on him, in the with him, he aided them so much that they were well satisfied to presence of your people, that all may take warning. Should the pay two thousand firancs to save their country from ruin. The count offender be a gentleman, we will make ample restitution for what he de Foix again entertained the commanders at dinner,, and gave sir may have done, should he be unable so to do himself. This order William de Lignac a beautiful horse. On the morrow, they marched shall be proclaimed by sound of trumpet, in all our quarters; and to Sauveterre, and entered the country of the Basques: and though we will have it repeated when on the point of entering your territo- it had been ransomed, they seized provision wherever they found rics, so that no one may excuse himself, by pleading ignorance, and any, but continued their march, without doing further mischief, to in consequence act otherwise than honestly. Tell me, if this be St. Jean Pled de Port, at the entrance of Navarre. satisfactory to you." " Yes, sir Walter," replied the count, " I am contented with what you say; and you are welcome to this country, for I see you with pleasure: but come, let us go to dinner, it is now time, and we can have some further conversation. Accursed be CHAPT R LX. this war of Portugal, sir Walter; for I never suffered so much as I SIRsm JOHN HOLLAND AND SIR REGINALD DE ROYE PERFORM A TILT IN did in one battle between the kings of Castille and Portugal, when TitE TOWN OF ENTENqA, BEFORE TIIE KING AND QUEEN OF PORTUGAL I lost the flower of my men.at-arms from Bamrn, who were there AND THE DUKE OF LANCASTER. sJlain. When they took leave of me, I forewarned them to act with caution, for the Portuguese were a hardy race, who, whenever they You have before heard how the town of Enten~a surrendered to You have before heard how the town of Entenqa surrendered to had the upper hand, showed mercy to none. I advise you, therefore, the duke of Lancaster, for the ing of Castille sent thither no assist. that when you and sir William de Lignac, who are the commanders c d how the duchess of Lancaster and her daughter isited t:1 ~~~~~~the king and queen of Portugal at Oporto, when the king and his of the men-at.-arms that have passed, and of those that are to follow, te kin and queen of Portugal at Oporto, when the king and his are arrived in Castille, and the king asks counsel of you, you be not court, as was right, received them most honorably. During the stay too hasty in recommending a battle with the duke of Lancaster and of the duke of Lancaster in Entenga, a herald arrived from Valla. the king of Portugal, without evident advantage, nor with the Eng- dolid, who demanded where sir John Holland was lodged. On being lish and Portuguese; for they are a hungry race, and the English shown thither, he found sir John within; and, bending his knee, eshone thimaltter, saeyfong, sir, Joh witin and benadinghiskneeom are, for two reasons, eager to fight. They have not gained anything pesnted him a letter, saying, "Sir, I am a eraldat-ar hom for some time, but rather lost, consequently are poor: they therefore ir Reginald de Roye sends hither: he salutes you by me, and you wish to hazard an engagement, in hopes of gain; and those who are will be pleased to read this letter." Sir John answered, he would bold, and anxious to obtain the property of others, fight valiantly willingly do so. Having opened it, he read that sir Reginald do and ale commonly fortunate. The other reason is, that te due Roye entreated him, for the love of his mistress, that he would de. and are commonly fortunate. The other reason is, that the duke of Lancaster sees clearly he can never succeed in winning the crown liver him from his vow, by tilting with him three courses with the of Castille, which he claims in right of his wife, but by a battle lance, three attacks with the sword, three with the battle-axe, and and that, if the day should be his, and the king defeated, the whole three with the dagger; and that, if he chose to come to Valladohid, three with the dagger; and that, if he chose to come to Valladolid, aof Castille would shurreder, and tremble before him. For this he he had provided him an escort of sixty spears; but, if it were more of Castillo would surrender, and tremble before him. For this he has landed in Galicia, and given one of his daughters in marriage to agreeable to him to remain in Enten~a, he desired be would obtain the king of Portugal, who is to assist him with all his might in his from the duke of Lancaster a passport for himself and thirty com. claim. I mention this; because, should matters turn out unfortu- panions. nate, you and sir William de Lignac would be more blamed than When sir John Holland had perused the letter, he smiled, and -any others." looking at the herald, said, "Friend, thou art welcome; for thou hasi brought me what pleases me much, and I accept the' challenge. "My lord," answered sir Walter, "I return you many thanks for brought me what pleases me much, and 1 accept the challenge. the advice you give me. I ought to follow what you say; for you Thou wilt remin i my lodging with my people, and in the course of to-morrow, thou shalt have my answer, whether the tilts are to:are, at this day, the wisest of Christian princes, and the most fortu- be in Gicia or Castille." The herald replied, "God grant it." He be in Galicia or' Castillo."l The herald replied, " God grant it." He,nate in your affairs. But my companion and myself are under the.duke of Bourbon, who is our commander-in-chief; and, until he be remained in sir John's lodings, where he was made comfortable and sir Jolhn went to the duke of Lancaster, whom he found in con-. arrived in Castille, we shall not hasten our march, and will not, fo and sir John went to the duke of Lancaster, whom he found in con versation with the marshal, and showed the letter the herald had what any person may say, press the engaging with our enemies." brought. "1Well," said the duke, "1and have you accepted it?" -Other conversation now took place, until the count de Foix called broght. "Well," said the duke, "and have you accepted it?" for wine. When it was brought, sir Walter and all present drank fith, have I: and why not? I love nothing better,of it, and took leave of the count, who reentered his chamber. Sir than fighting, and the knight entreats me to indulge him: consider, ~ Sir ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~therefore, where you would choose it should take place." The duke Walter returned to his lodging, accompanied by the knights of the tlre, where you would choose it should tae place." The duke *eount's household; and, at the usual hour, he again went to the mused awhile, and then said: "It shall be perfor.ed in'his town have a passport made out in what terms you please, and I will seal,castle and supped wit~ the count. On the morrow, after dinner, sirit "I it." ")It is well said," replied sir John; "Land I will, in God's name, Walter tork leave of the count, who, among other gifts, presented aim on his demarture with a handsome horse anti mule. Sir Vial ~soon make out the passport." The passport was fairly written and having returned him his that ks, and his attendants being reOi, sealed, for thirty knights and squires to come and return; and sir:mounted his horse and quitted Orthus for Erciel, where he 1ay John holland, when he delivered it to the herald, presented him tt wiwith a handsome mantle lined with a minever, and twelve nobles. night. He arrived at Tarbes the following day, for h e ha d ridden _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ -hard to finish this day's journey, where he halted, tha, t he might * Basques,, small country near the Pyrenees, bounded by 8pain. the sea, the rivoz write to sir William de Lignac respecting the success of his visit to Adour. and B6am. CH R ONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 4! The herald took leave and returned to Valladolid, where he related another lance given to him: sir John grasped his own, which was what had passed, and showed his presents. not worsted. When ready, they set off full gallop, for they had ex News of this tournament w-as carried to Oporto, where the king cellent horses under them, which they well knew how to manage, of Portugal kept his court. " In the name of God," said the king, and again struck each other on the helmets, so that sparks of fire "I will be present at it, and so shall my queen and the ladies." came from them, but chiefly from sir John Holland's. He received "Many thanks," replied the duchess; " for I shall be accompanied by a very severe blow, for this time the lance did not break; r;eithler the king and queen when I return." It was not long after this con- did sir John's, which hit the visor of his adversary without much versation, that the king of Portugal, the queen, the duchess, with her effect, passing through and leaving it on the cruper of the horse, and saulghter, and the ladies of the court, set out for Entensa, in grand sir Reginald was once more bare-headed. " Ila," cried the English to the French, " he does not fight fair; why is not his helmet as well buckled on.-, as sir John Holland's? We say he is — f —----- ti=- >inplaying tricks: tell him to put himself on an equal footing with his adversary." I, Ad S A \WM 87 > "Hold your tongues," said the duke, By_-.:!\:9 \ 8 "and let them alone: in arms every one takes what advantage he can: if sir Wm 5~-~~~~~~~ ~~John think there is any advantage in S....'k~_~thus fastening on his helmet, he may do I -~ "the same. But, for my part, were I in their situations, I would lace nmy helinet ~,...'. )) as tight as possible; and if one hundred were asked their opinions, there would be fourscore of my way of thiilking." ___.__l;= _:~ "C 9 it is now." The English, on this, were silent, and r__/ never again interfered. The ladies decl_ ared they had nobly justed; and they array. The duke of Lanc~lsterxw"len theywere much praised by the king of Por__is__ _tugal, who said to sir John Fernando, prep'ed "In our country they do not tilt so well, ____ no rh kigootuacm sii d hd yir: e o gallantly: what say you, sir John?" strict_~ E n they shold be we"By my faith, sir," replied he, " tthey John-~-~-W~~-~^~_ Hola do tilt well; and formerly I saw as good ink')S 7~La-~-Z justs before your brother, when we were Th -e —____ tonhsh eat Elvios to oppose the king of Cast ille, f'-ileS~ei lists~ —-~ ~ sobetween this French man anrd sir Wise-rs-.a ttle axes a n d swords,'"'. brought them; liam Windsor; but I never beard that now arranged for- their combatwhis helmet was tighter laced tlhen than might__- happen, n howit is now." The kinig on this tt)rAed.___. _...-poi~.-edlances~thenwithswords- sfrom sir John to observe the knights, BL'rFrLE-AXE: FrGnT BETWEEN BIR JoHN HOLLAND AND Sti REGINALD DE RtOY. From aotemporary MS. assisted who were about to begin their third by several cuts in Keiser's Maximilian. course. Sir John and sir Reginald eyed each other, to see if' any advantage were to be gained, for their horses weTe so array. The duke of Lancaster, when they were near at hand, mounted excellent that they could manage them as they pleased, and sticking his horse; and, attended by a numerous company, went to meet them. spurs into them, hit their shelmets so sharply that their eyes struck When the king and duke met, they embraced each other most kindly, fire, and the shafts of their lances were broken. Sir Reginald w-:s and entered the town together, where their lodgings were as well again unhclmed, for he could never avoid this happening,.aid they slrepared as they could be in such a place, though they were not so passed each other without falling. All now declared, they had well magnificent as if they had been at Paris. Three days after the ar- justed; though the English, excepting the duke of Lancaster, blamed rival of the king of Portugal, came sir Reginald de Roye, handsomely greatly sir Reginald: but he said, "he considered that man as wise accompanied by knights and squires, to the amount of'six score horse. who in combat knows how to seize his vantage. Know," added They were all properly lodged; for the duke had given his officers he, addressing himself to sir Thomas Percy and sir Thomas Moreaux, strict orders they should be well taken care of. On the morrow, sir a" that sir Reginald de Roye is not now to be taught how to tilt: he John Holland and sir Reginald de Roye armed themselves, and rode is better skilled than sir John Holland, though he has borne himself into a spacious close in Entenga, well sanded, where the tilts were to well." be performed. Scaffolds were erected for the ladies, the king, the After the courses of the lance, they fought three rounds with swords, duke, ard the many English lords who had come to witness the com- battle-axes, and daggers, without either of them being wounded. The bat; for none had stayed at home. French carried off sir Reginald to his lodginig, and the English did The two knights who were to perform this deed of arms, entered the same to sir John Holland. The duke of Lancaster entertained the lists so well armed and equipped that nothing was wanting. Their this day at dinner all the French knights and squires: the duchess spears, battle-axes and swords, were brought them; and each, being was seated beside him, and sir Reginald de Roye next to her. After mounted on the best of horses, placed himself about a bow-shot distant dinner, they entered the presence-chamber; and the duchess, taking from the other, but, at times, they both pranced about on their horses sir Reginald by the hand, led him thither: andi they were followed most gallantly, for they knew every eye to be epon them. All being by the other knights, who conversed on arms and on other subjcts a now arranged for their combat, which was to include everything, ex- long time, almost until wine was brought. The duchess then drew cept pushing it to extremity, though no one could see what mischief nearer to the French knights, and thus spoke: "I wonder greatly might happen, nor how it would end; for they were to tilt with how you knights of France can think of supporting the laim cs ofi a pointed lances, then with swords, which were so sharp that scarcely bastard; for it is well known to the whole world, that flenry who a helmet could resist their strokes; and these were succeeded by called himself king of Castitle, was a bast!ardi, and how can you battle-axes and daggers, each so well tempered that nothing could thus, with your arms and counsel, cdisinhierit the right heir of' Casilte withstand them. Now, consider the perils those run who engage in and deprive him of the crown? for this I!know, that myself and sister such combats to exalt their honor; for one unlucky stroke puts an are the legal daughters of the late king, don Pedro; and God, who is end to the business. Truth itself, knows that our cltim on Castille is just." l'he lady, Having braced their targets and examined each other through the when speaking of her father, don Pedro, could not refi'ain from tears, visors of their helmets, they spurred on their horses, spear in hand. as she doated on him. Sir Reginald de Roye bowed to her, anfd Though they allowed their horses to gallop as they pleased, they ad- thus replied: "Madam, we know that what you have said is trie; but vanced on as straight a line as if it had been drawn with a cord, and our lord, the king of France, holds a different opinion from yours; hit each other on the visors, with such force that sir Reginald's lance. and, as we are his subjects, we must make'war for him, atiad ro was shivered into four pieces, which flew to a greater height tthan whithersoever he may send us, for we cannot disob.,y him'." At they could have been thrown. All present allowed this to be gal- these words, sir John Holland and sir Thomas Percy handedo tite lantly done.. Sir John Hollan d struck sir Reginald likewise on the lady to her chamber, and the wines and spices were tiroughtr. e't[e visor, but not with the tnmc success, and I will tell you why: sir duke and his company drank of them, anrid the French ktiglxts took Reginald had but slightly irued on his helmet, so that it was held by their leave; the horses being ready at their lodgings, they ncounted o'ne thong only, which broke at the blow, and the helmet flew over and left E ntenga. They rode that day to Noya, which was attached his head, leaving sir Reginald bare-headed. Each passed the other, to the iring of Castille, where they reposed themselves, and thein cem. and sir John Holland bore his lance without halting. The specta- tinued their journey to Valladoid tors cried out that it was a handsome course. The knights returned to their sttation, when sir Reginald's helmet was fitted on again, and 426 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, sPAIN, &c. snows and cold were so deep and severe, that they had much diffi. C H A P T E R L X I. culty in the passage with their men and horses,) tlhey arrived at HE KING OF PORTUGAL PROMISE.S TO ENTE.R CASTILLE WHILE THE DUKE Pampeluna, the kingdom of Navarre being open to them. The TOF LANCASTER FINISHLES THE CONQUEST OF GALICIA, IND THEK TO king of Navarre was unwilling to displease the king of Castille, as UNITE THEIC FORCES. his son Charles de Navarre had married his sister; and when the last treaties were concluded, during the reign of the late don Henry, TrE king of Portugal and the duke of Lancaster had a long con- they were so strong as bound the king of Navarre to peace. Indeed, ference together the day after this tournament, when, I believe, their he can never withstand the king of Castille, unless he have the plans of operation were settled. The king of Portugal having as- kings of Arragon and England for his allies. The king of Navarre semb!ed his army ready to take the field, it was determined that he very amicably received, at Pampeluna, the leaders of this force,5 should enter Castille, while the duke remained in Galicia, to conquer and had them, with some other knights that accompanied them, to such towns and castles as had not acknowledged him for king; and dine with him in his palace. After dinner, he led them into his it was likewise resolved, that if king John of Castille made any council-chamber, and began conversations on different subjects, (for movements which showed an inclination for battle, they were to join he was a wondrous subtle and eloquent man,) and at last turned the their forces. It was judged, that if the two armies were always discourse on France, and harangued on the wrongs the king of united, there would be difficulty in procuring forage for such num- France and his council had unjustly done him, by depriving him of bers. Other evils might arise also respecting forage and quarters; his lands in Normandy, which had descended to him firom his pre. for the English are hasty and proud, and the Portuguese hot and im- dccessors the kings of France and Navarre. This injury he should petuous, easily angered, and not soon pacified. But in the expecta- never forget; for he had lost, by the seizure of lands in Normandy, tion of a battle, they would agree as well together as Gascons. Languedoc, and in the barony of Montpensier, about sixty thousand Having determined as above, the king of Portugal addressed the francs of yearly rent, and in respect of this grievance he knew not duke of Lancaster, "Sir, when I shall learn that you have taken the to whomn, except to God, to apply for' redress. "I do not say this, field, I will do the like; for my men are ready and eager for battle." my lords," added he, "that you should any way interfere in the bu. The duke replied, "I will not long continue idle; but as I have siness; for I know you have not the power, nor would anything you heard there are some towns in Galicia still in rebellion, and that the could say be listened to. You are not the not of tile king's council, but people will not acknowledge me, I must first conquer them, and then knights-errant and soldiers, who are obliged to march whcresoeve: march where I may the soonest meet my enemies." Upon this, the the king or his council may order you. This is fact; but I say it to king and queen of Portugal took leave of the duke and duchess, as did you,, because I know not to whom I can complain, except to ail who the lady Catheriune their daughter; for it had been settled, that during shall come from France through this country." the war she should livewith her sister in Portugal, as the place of Sir Walter de Passac replied: " Sir, what you say is true: nothgreatest security for her, and the duchess was to return to Saint ing will be done by any recommendation of ours; for, in truth, we Jago. Thus were these matters arranged, and the king of Portugal are not of the king's council. We go whither we are sent; and my and his court set out for Oporto, and the duchess for Saint Jago, each lord of Bourbon, uncle to the king, is our commander, and, as you party well escorted by knights and squires; but the duke remained know, is to follow us this road: you may lay your complaints before with his army at Enten;a, or in the neighborhood. They were very him, either when coming or on his return; for he has much infiueager to commence the campaign, for it was now the pleasant month ence, and your wrongs may be redressed. May God assist you, for of April, when the grass is ripe in the meads, the corn in ear, and the honor you have done us m When returned to GFrance, we shall the flowers in seed; for it is so hot in that country, that the harvest praise your attentions, to the king, as well as to the duke of Bourbon, is over in June: they therefore wished to perform some exploits in our commander, whom we shall see first." Wine was now brought, arms while the weather was fine, for it was a pleasure at such a sea- of which they partook, and then left the king, who parted from them son to be out in the fields. kindly, and sent to each, at their lodgings, a handsome war-horse, to We must now speak of the arrangements of the French, and of their great joy. The men-at-arms thus passed Navarre, and arrived the king of Castille, as fully as we have done of the English. at Logrono, where they inquired after the king of Castille. They were told he had resided for some time at Valladolid, but that lihe was then at Burgos, making great preparations of stores and proC H A P T E R LXII. vision. They then followed the road toward Burgos, leaving thaL into Galicia, which country was not secure, for the English had KI WIIADM ODE LIGNAC AND SWIR WALTER DE PASSAC TRATERSE THE marched far into it. News was brought to the king of Castille that KINRGDOM OF NAVTRRE WKTH THEIR ARMyL, AND ARRIVE AT BUGOS, great succors were on their march, to the amount of two thousand WHERE E EET THE KING OF CASTILLE. lances, from France. This delighted him greatly, and he set out You have heard how sir Walter de Passac obtained permission friom Valladolid, accompanied by ten thousand horse, for Burgos, friom the count de Foix for the French army, intended for Castille, to where the French, on their coming, were quartered over the country. pass through BWarn. The count likewise gave, of his own free will, They were daily joined by others from France. (for he was no way bounden to do so,) very rich presents to such knights and squires as waited on him at the castle of Orth6s, to pay their respects, and tell him what was passing in the way of news. CHAPTER LXIII. To some he gave two hundred, to others one hundred, fifty or forty, florins, according to their ranks; and, as the treasurer assured me, MNY PLANS ARE OFFERED TO THE ING OF CASTLLE FOR CRRYI the passage of this first division cost the count de Foix one thousand ON THE FRR: HE IS DETERMINED BY THE COMMANDERS OF THE francs, without including the presents he made of coursers and FRENCH FORCE TO L AN NGGEENT UNTI THE ARRIVAL THEDUEc OFBOURCEBONA ANDT ENAGEMEXCRINS FNTI THE ARIA Fhackneys. Now show me the prince who does such things, or who TE DUE O BOURBON, AND TO AE XCUSIONS RO TE IF has the inclination to do them. In good truth, so desirous am I of FERENT GARRISONS. speaking to his advantage, it is a pity that such a one should ever SIR William de Lignac and sir Walter de Passac, on their arrival grow old and die; for he is not surrounded by base minions, who at Burgos, waited on the king, at his palace, who received them tell him, "Take this, give that; take on all sides." No; he never kindly, and thanked them for the trouble and pains they had taken, had, nor will have, any such abdut his person: he does all himself; out of affection to him, and for coming to assist him. The knights for he has, by nature, abilities to know to whom he should give, and bowed, and said: "that if they could do anything essential for his from whom he should take, when required. True it is, that the large service, their pains and trouble would soon be forgotten." Many presents he makes oppresses his people; for his revenue is not equal councils were holden, to consider whether to march against the to giving every year at least sixty thousand francs, and keeping up enemy, or carry on the war by excursions from the garrisons, until his establishments, which are unequalled by any one, and to the the duke of Bourbon arrived. The two knights said, "Send for sir amassing a treasure to serve him in case of accidents. He has been, Oliver du Guesclin, sir Peter de Villaines, sir Barrois des Barres, for the last thirty years, laying by large sums; and they say there is Chktelmorant, and the other companions, who are better acquainted in the tower of Orthhs one hundred thousand francs, thirty times with this country than ourselves, for they have come hither before told. His subjects only pray to God that he may have long life, and us, and we will then confer together; and if it please God, your never complain of anything he does; and I have heard them say, kingdom shall, from our counsels, acquire both profit and renown." that on the day he shall die, there will be ten thousand persons in The king said, they had spoken openly and loyally, and he was wilOr'thts, who would wish to die also. Consider that this must be the ling their advice should be followed. Secretaries were instantly emeffect of their affection; and, if they have such great love for him, ployed in writing pressing letters to the different knights and others they have reason for it, as he maintains strict justice, and his sub- whom they wished to see, which were sent off by messengers to the jets enjoy their lands frIee and in peace, like to a terrestrial paradise. different parts where they resided. When it was known to them that Let it not be thought that I thus speak through flattery, or my love sir William de Lignac and sir Walter de Passae were come, and to him, or for the presents he has made me; for I can readily prove had sent for them, they were much pleased. They left the towns all I have said of the gallant count de Foix, and still more, by a and castles in which they were garrisoned, under the command of thousand knights and squires, if called upon. Let us return to sir such as they could depend on, and hastened to Burgos, where, in a William de Lignae and sir Walter de Passac, the commanders of short time, good part of the chivalry of France were collected. the men-at-arms destined for Castille. Having crossed Basques, and the pass of Roncesvalles, which **This was in 12. The French knights returned firom this expedition betbre the ex took them three days, (for, though it was in the month of April, the piration of the year The king of Navarre died January i, I17 — ED CHRONICLbES OF ENGLAND, YtRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 427 The king of Castille held a grand council with the barons and ought to have spoken, such as sir William de Lignac and sir Walter knights of France, on the manner of commencing the campaign, for de Passac, delivered their sentiments?" " Because," replied others, they knew the enemy had taken the field. He was desirous of act- "they wished to know our opinions first; for it is not possible but ing in a manner becoming the honor of a king, and for the benefit that, when they left the council of France and the duke of Bourbon, of' fhis country. Many were the debates, and the amount of the force they were well instructed how to act. We shall all know to-morrow." in Castille was estimated. It was said, that the king could summon There was much disputing this evening between the knights fi'om into the field thirty thousand horse, with their riders armed, according France, as well as among those of Castille. The well-wishers to the to the custom of the country, with darts and javelins, and thirty thou- king would not advise him to offer battle, for the reason that, if sand infantry, if not more, with slings. The French knights con- they should be defeated, the kingdom was infallibly lost. The king sidered all this, and said it was certainly a great number of people, himself was of this opinion: he dreaded the chances of war; for he but it was useless as an army; for they had formerly acted in so was ignorant of the support he should have, and whether he was becowardly a manner that no confidence could be placed in them. loved by all his subjects or not. The matter thus remained until Through their cowardice, the prince of Wales had won the battle of the morrow, when they were again assembled in the presence of the Najarra; and the CastiIlians had been completely, defeated by the king. Portuguese at Aljubarota. The count de Lerma took up this speech, In this conference there were many speakers, for all were desirous and supported the Castillians. By way of excuse, he said: "With to offer the king advice to the best of their abilities. It was visible regard to the battle of Najarra, I must beg leave to speak to that, the king was against the plan of the preceding day; f.ir he had not It is true that many noble knights from France were present with forgotten the unfortunate event of the battle of Aljubarota, where he sir Bertrand du Guesclin, who fought valiantly, for they were all was defeated by the king of Portugal with such loss, that another slain or captured; but you must also know that the flower of knight- similar to it would lose him his realm. When all had delivered their hood of the whole world was under the command of the prince of opinions, sir William de Lignac and sir Walter de Passac were asked Wales, whose good sense, courage, and prudence, were unrivalled. theirs; for, as they were the commanders-in-chief, everything should Such is not now the case with the duke of Lancaster. The prince be ordered and executed by them. The two knights, looking at had, at the battle of Najarra, full ten thousand spears, and six thou- each other, sir William said, "Do you speak, sir Walter." ",Not sand archers: and among the chivalry were three thousand equal to I," replied sir Walter: "do you, for you have been longer used to the Rolands and Olivers; such as sir John Chandos, sir Thomas Fel- arms than myself." Sir William having paused a while, thus spoke: ton, sir Oliver de Clisson, sir Hugh Calverley, sir Richard de Pont-, Sir king, you ought, methinks, to return many thanks to this noble chardon, sir Garsis du Chatel, the lord de Raix, the lord de Rieux, chivalry of France, who have come so far to serve you in your dis. sir Louis de Harcourt, sir Guiscard d'Angle, and hundreds more tress, and who have shown you so much affection as to decline shutwhom I could name, who were then present, but who are either ting themselves up in any of your castles or towns, but are eager to dead, or have turned to our side. These are not now opposed to us, take the field and combat your enemies wherever they may find them: nor is the event so doubtful as it was in former times: so that who- which, however, saving your grace and the good will you show, canever has confidence in me, will join my opinion for an instant com- not be done at present for many reasons; the principal of which is, bat; and that we march to cross the river Duoro, which will redound the absence of my lord the duke of Bourbon, who will soon arrive to our honor." with a considerable reinforcement of men-at-arms. There are also This speech of the count de Lerma was attentively listened to by many of our knights and squires who have never before been in this the council, and many were of his mind. Sir Oliver du Guesclin country, and are ignorant of the roads, to which they must attend; n'ixt spoke: "Count de Lerma, we know that what you have uttered and things which are hastily concluded never end well. Instead, proceeds from the good sense and courage you possess; and, suppose therefore, of attempting a general engagement, we shall carry on the we were to march and offer combat to the duke of Lancaster, had war for two or three months, or as long as may be necessary, from we no other enemy, we should do well; but you have forgotten the different garrisons, and let the English and Portuguese overrun Gali. king of Portugal, whom we shall have on our rear, and whose forces cia, or other parts, if they can. If they conquer a few towns, it will consist, as we have been informed, of twenty-five hundred lances, be no great loss: we will regain themi before we quit the country, and thirty thousand other men. It was the dependence on the king for they shall only borrow them for a time. To conclude: in war. of Portugal that made the duke land in Galicia; and we know that fare there are many unforeseen events, and the English during the their alliance is very much strengthened by the marriage of the kingD hot season may, in their various excursions through Galicia, meet with the duke's daughter. Now, let us hear what you can say to with such difficulties, and suffer such disorders, as may make them this." "In God's name," replied the count de Lerma, " the French repent ever having undertaken the business; for they will not find being four thousand lances, are more than a match to combat the the climate like that of France, nor the wines so good, nor the water duke of Lancaster; and the king, with his Castillians to the amount so pure as in our country; but the rivers muddy and cold from the of twenty thousand horse, and thirty thousand foot, as they say, may melting of the snows on the mountains, which will chill them and surely withstand the king of Portugal: it appears to me so clear, their horses after the burning heat of the sun in the day time, and be that I will risk the event with them." the destruction of them both. They are not of iron or steel, and The knights from France, seeing themselves thus rebuffed by the must in the end suffer from the heats of Castille, but like to ourselves; count de Lerma, said: " By God, you are in the right, and we in the and we cannot any way more easily defeat them than by avoiding a wrong; for we ought first to have weighed what you have said: it combat, and allowing them to go whithersoever they please. They shall be so, since you willit, and no one seems to oppose it." " My will find nothing to pillage in the low countries, nor anything to com. lords," said the king, "I beg of you to consider well the advice you fort themselves; for, I am informed, that has been all destroyed by give me, not through haste or pride, but with all attention, that the our people, for which I praise them greatly; and, were it now un. best plan may be adopted. I do not look on what has been said as done, I would have given them such orders. Now if any person can decisive, nor approve of it: I will that we meet again in this samen give better advice, let him do sdo; for sir Walter and myself will apartment to.morrow, and particularly that you, sir William de Lig- cheerfully listen to him." nac, and you, sir Walter de Passac, who have been sent hither by The council unanimously replied: "We approve of what sir Wilthe king of France and the duke of Bourbon, as the commanders-in- liam has offered, and cannot but think it the best advice for the king chief, do confer together, and examine carefully what will be the and kingdom of Castille." It was then determined to wait for the most honorable and profitable for my kingdom; for you shall deter- duke of Bourbon and the stores before they made preparations for tmine whether we march to offer combat to our enemies or not." taking the field, but to garrison strongly the frontier, and suffer the They bowed to the king, and said they would cheerfully attend to English and Portuguese to overrun Castille at their pleasure; for, his orders. The conference then broke up, and each retired to his when they returned firom their excursions, they could not carry away lodging. The French knights had this day after dinner, and in the the land with them. The conference ended, all left the chamber; evening, much conversation on the subject. Some said: "We can. and this day the king entertained at dinner, in his palace at Burgos, not in honor offer battle until the arrival of the duke of Bourbon; for the barons and knights of France; it was magnificently grand, achow do we know what will be his intentions, to fight or not? Should cording to the custom in Spain. On the morrow, before noon, all the we engage and be victorious, the duke will be highly indignant men-at-arms were sent off to their different garrisons, with instrucagainst the captains from France: should we be defeated, we not tions from their leaders how to act. Sir Oliver du Guesclin, count only ruin ourselves, but Castille also; for if we be slain, there can be de Longueville, was ordered, with a thousand spears, to a tolerably no hopes of recovery to the Castillians, and the king will lose his strong town on the borders of Galicia, called Ville-saincte: sir Recrown. We shall be blamed, should this happen, more than any ginald and sir Tristan de Roye to another town, ten leaguc.s ftN-it'her, others; for it will be said, that we proposed the battle, and were but on the frontier of Galicia, called Ville-d'Agillare-de-Champ,t with ignoramnt advisers. Besides, we know not if the country be unan-a three hundred lances; sir Peter de Belesme, with two hundred lances, mmuus in their affection to the king, or whether they may not have to Benevent6; the coumnt de Lerma to the town of Zamora; sir John sent underhand, for the duke of Lancaster and his lady, as the legal des Barres, with three L':ndred, to the castle of Noya; sir Jolhn de aeiress of Castille, for she is the daughter of don Pedro, as is well Chmatelmorant and sir Tristan de la Jaille, with others, to the city of known to all. NIow, should the Castilhians say, on seeing the duke Valencia; the viscount de Bestiere to the town of Ribesda, with sir and the English in the field, that his is the justest cause, for that king John and sir Robert de Braquemont. In such manner were the men. Iohn is a bastard, they may turn about toward the latter end of the at-arms divided: sir Oliver du Guescin was nominated constable, day, as they did at Najarra, and leave us to be slain on the spot. having the largest body under his command; and sir William do Thus tlhre is a double danger for the king and for us. They must be mad or foolish who advise a battle; and why have not those who I * "Villo-saincte." Q. Viltalpamdo. t" Ville-d'Agitlare-de-Champ." Q. Avila. 428 CROT N ICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. Lignac and sir Walter de Passuc remlained near thle kiL-g at Burgos Northumberland, sir Henry and sir Ralph Percy, which the arch. and attended him wherever he wrent. bishop, who was one of the king's council, had obtained for his Thus were affairs managed in Castille, waiting for the duke of brother, through the duke of Ireland. Bourbon, who was still in France making his preparations. But we As soon as the English learnt that the camps near Sluys were will leave the armies of Castille and of the duke of Lancaster, for a broken up, and the invasion given over, great murmurings were short time, and return to them again when necessary, to speak of general throughout England. Those who wished mischief said; such events as happened in France and England; many of which " What is now become of our grand enterprises and our valiant cap. were strange enough, and dangerous to both kingdoms, but particu- tains? Would that our gallant king Edward and his son, the pi ince lally displeasing to the king of England and his council. of Wales, were now alive! We used to invade France and rebuff our enemies, so that they were afraid to show themselves, or venture to engage us; and, when they did so, they were defeated. What a C H A P T E R L X I V. glorious expedition did our king Edward, of happy memory, make, when he landed in Normandy, and marched through France! After ENGLAND. MUCH MURCL U RING AND DISCONTENT RIN ENGLAND AGAONS TO INAE many battles and other fine exploits, he defeated king Philip and the KENGLAND. M~UCH MUREURING AND DISCONTENT IN ENGLAND UGAIINST whole power of the French at Crecy, and took Calais before he re. KING RICHARD AND IHIS COUNCtL. turned home. Where are the knights and princes of England who I HAVE before related at length, how the grand expedition, which can now do such things? Did not likewise the prince of Wales, son was preparing at Sluys to invade England, was broken up; but to of this gallant king, make prisoner the king of France, and defeat his show how much the French were in earnest, and that it might not be army at Poitiers, with the small force he had, compared with that j9 said they had given it over through cowardice, but were still eager to land in England, it was ordered that the constable should sail thither in the month of May, when the weather was fine, and the sea calm. His force'was to consist of four thousand men a*-arms and two thousand cross-bows, who were to as. -__ semble in a town of Brittany called Tr6guier, situated ca the sea-coast, and opposite to Cornwall His preparations, which were very considerable, were all -made there, and the horses were to em. bark at that port, the more easily to over- run England; for without horses no war on land can be carried on with effect. a In this harbor were numbers of vessels e of all desctiptions, which were laden with wines, salted meats, biscuits, and other things, in such quantities, as might t I serve them four or five months, without I requiring anything from the country; for the constable knew, that when the English should hear of his landing, they would destroy all the lowlands, to prevent him from having any support; and p it was for this reason he had provided such immense stores. Another large __ tfl, e to invade England, was likewise anopamd at Hiarfleur, by the lord de _ _i l Wit Coucy, the lord de St. Pol, and the ad- CITY OF Buaao. —From La Borde's Voyage Pittoresque en Espagne. mira! vf France, who were to embark on board of it with two thousand spears; but it was said that this was solely intended to force the duke of Lan- king John? In those days we were feared anno caster to withdraw himself and his army from Castille. The duke of spread abroad, wherever chivalry was esteemed; but at this moment Bourbon was still at Paris; for he knew the duke of Lancaster must we must be silent, for they know not how to make war, except on return to England, and it would be unnecessary for him to take so long our pockets: for this they are ready enough. Only a child reigns a journey to Castille. The army of the constable consisted of Bretons, now in France, and yet he has given us more alarms than any of his Angevins, Manceaux, Saintongers, and knights and squires from the predecessors, and shows good courage and inclination to invade us. adjoining countries. That of the count de St. Pol and the lord de It was not his fault, but that of his advisers, that he did not attempt Coucy was composed from the Isle of France, Normandy, and Picardy. it. We have seen the time when, if such a fleet had been known to The duke of Bourbon had two thousand spears from Berry, Auvergne, have been collected at Sluys, the good king and his sons would have Limousin, and lower Burgunmdy. Such was the distribution of the hastened to attack it; but now-a-days the nobles are delighted to have forces in France; and every man knew how he was to be employed, nothing to do, and remain in peace; but they will not suffer us to whether in England or Castille. live in quiet, as long as we have anything in our purses. We have England was, at this period, in greater danger than when the peas- seen the time when conquests were made by us in France, and no ants, under Jack Straw, rose in rebellion, and marched to London; taxes demanded; but every one was made rich from the great wealth and I will tell you the cause. The nobles and gentlemen were unani- which abounded in France. What is become of the immense sums mous, at that time, in wheir support of the king, but now there were which have been raised, as well by taxes as by the current revenue? many serious differences between them. The king quarrelled with They must have been wasted or purloined. We must know how the his uncles of York and Gloucester, and they were equally displeased country is governed, and who are the advisers of the king: it is not with him, caused, as it was said, by the intrigues of the duke of Ire- right that such things be longer una'tended to; for this country is land, the sole confidant of the king. The community, in many not so rich, nor able to bear the burdens France does, which abounds towns and cites, had noticed these quarrels, and the wisest dreaded in all things. It seems, also, that we are weakened in understanding the consequences that might ensue; but the giddy laughed at them, and activity as well as in courage; for we used to know what was and said, they were owing to the jealousy of the king's uncles, and intended by France, and what were its plans, some months before because the crown was not on their heads. But others said; "The they could execute them, by which we were prepared to resist them. king is young, and puts his confidence in youngsters: it would be to Now, we are not only ignorant of what is going forward in France; his advantage if he consulted his uncles more, who can only wish the but they are well informed of all that passes, though under the seal aiosperity of the country, than that puppy, the duke of Ireland, who of secrecy, in our councils, and we know not whom to blame. But is ignorant of all things, and who never saw a battle." Thus were a day must come when all this will be public; for there are secret the English divided; and great disasters seemed to be at hand, which traitors in the council, and the sooner this is inquired into the better: was perfectly known all over France, and caused. them to hasten their we may delay it so long that it will be too late to provide a remedy" preparations for invading the country and adding to its miseries. The Such conversations were very conmmon, not only with knights and prelates of England were also quarrelling; the archbishop of Canter- squires, but among the inhabitants of many of the towns, which placed bury with that of York, who was of the house of Neville. They hated the realm in much danger. each other mortally, because the lord Neville had been appointed The knights and squires who had been summoned to the defence lieutenant of Northumberland, in preference to the sons of the earl of of the kingdom, now demanded their pay; and other large sums * "Tr6gu"-mn-ten leagues northwest ef St. Brisux, and twenty-', icesnirthesast ef were called for, to defray the great expenses the king and his council had been at in guarding the country against the invasion fIom France. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c.. V A parliament was therefore assembled in London, of the nobles, pre- same time, which I will relate in proper time and place; but I will lates, and commonalty, to consider of laying a general tax throughout mention that of Brittany first, as it so occurred in point of time, and the country to answer all these demands. The parliament adjourned was the most unfortunate, though the events in Germany were cause from London to Westminster, when those summoned attended, and of greater expense. indeed many others, who came to hear the news. The king and his If I were merely to say, such and such things happened at such two uncles of York and Gloucester were present; and the parliament times, without entering fully into the matter, which was grandly was harangued on the subject of the finances, and assured that there horrible and disastrous, it would be a chronicle, but no history. I was not in the royal treasury more than sufficient to support, even might, to be sure, pass it by, if I had chosen it: that I will not do; with economy, the usual expenses of the king. The council said, but relate fully the fact, if God grant me life, abilities, and leisure, to there was no other means than laying a general tax on all the country, chronicle and historify the matter at length. You have before seen, if they were desirous of paying the great sums the defence of the in different parts of this history, how sir John de Montfort, called kingdom had cost. Those firom the archbishopric of Canterbury, duke of Brittany, (who indeed was so by conquest, though not by the bishloprics of Norwich and Warwiclk, the counties of Devonshire, direct descent,) had always supported the English to the utmost of Hampshire, and Wiltshire, readily assented; because they knew bet. his power against France. He had reason to attach himself to them; ter what had been done, and were more alarmed than those at a for they had made war for him, and without their assistance he would greater distance, in Wales, Bristol, and Cornwall, who were rebellious, never have conquered before Auray nor elsewhere. You know also, and said; "We have never seen any enemies come into this country: from this history, that the duke of Brittany had no power over the why therefore should we be thus heavily taxed, and nothing done?" greater part of his nobles nor the principal towns; more especially "Yes, yes," replied the others: "let them call on the king's council, sir Bertrand de Guesclin, as long as he lived, sir Oliver de Clisson the archbishop of York and the duke of Ireland, who received sixty constable of France, the lords de Beaumanoir, de Laval, de Raix, de thousand francs, for the ransom of John of Brittany, from the con- Dinant, the viscount de Rohan, and the lord de Rochefort, refused stable of France, which ought to have gone to the general profit of him obedience; and whichever way these lords incline, the whole the kingdom. Let them call on sir Simon Burley, sir William Elm- duchy follow their example. They were willing, indeed, to support hani, sir Thomas Brand, sir Robert Tresilian, and sir John Beau- him against any power but France; and truly I must say, that the champ, who have. governed the king. If they gave a true account Bretons have ever gallantly defended the honor of France, as will be of tihe sums raised in England, or were forced so to do, there would apparent to any person who shall read this history. But let it not be be more than money enough to pay all expenses, and poor people said, that I have been corrupted by the favor of count Guy de Blois, uight remain'n quiet." (who has induced me to undertake, and has paid me for this history'I'The king's uncles were much pleased when these speeches were to my satisfaction,) because he was nephew to the rightful duke of told thiem; fic those they had named were unfiriendly to their interests, Brittany; for count Lewis of Blois was cousin-german to St. Charles, mtd opposed their obtaining any favors from the court. They on- who as long as he lived was the true duke. It is not so; for I will couraged such discourses; and, to gain popularity, said; " The good speak the truth, and go straight forward, without coloring one side peolle who hold such language are well advised in wishing to have more than another, and that gallant prince who patronized this history an account of the management of the finances, and in refusing to pay never wished me in any way to act otherwise. their taxes; for, in good truth, there is cash enough either in the To return to my subject. You have read how the duke of Brit purses of the king or of those who govern him." By degrees this tany, when he found he could not manage his subjects, became sus discontent was much increased amirg the people, who declared picions of them, anld fearful lest they should arrest him and confine ageainst any tax being laid on, and who grew bolder in their lainguage hni in one of the kiing of Frauce's prisons. He left Brittany for whten they saw that the kint's uncles, the archbishop o' Canterbury, England, with his household and the lady Jane his duchess, daughter the earls of Salisbury arl Northu'nberhmlnd, wxith many other great of thiat good knight sir Thomas Holland. After staying there some b.rons, suppcrted them. Tihe ministers, tlhemrefore, withdrew the tax, time, ie wnt to Flanders, where he resided, with his cousin-german and said nothing should be done in the matter unitil Michaelmas, count Lewis, upward of a year and a half, when his country, being w'.m~e the parliament would agmaim meet. more favorable, sent for him back.. Some of the towns, however, on ThQs it kighlits and squires who were expecting their pay, were his return, continued their rebellion, especially Nantes; but all the mucs angered against the kinmg and his couincil for their disappoint- barons, Ikrnights, and prelates, submitted to him, except those whom mentm, and the mniniaters appeased them in the best nianner they I have before named. In order to put them under his obedience, by could. When the parliament broke up, and the mnembers went dif- means of some of the principal cities which assented to his plans, arnd ferent ways, the king lid not take leave of his uncles, nor they of for the purpose of giving alarm to the king of France and his councilhim. The king wts advised to retire into Wales for a time until who were desirous of laying taxes on Brittany similar to those of more favorable circumnstances, which he agreed to, and left London France and Picardy, which he and the country would never suffer, without talking leave of anly one. He carried with him all his coun- he demanded aid from the Iking of England of mlen-at-arms and cil, except the archbishop of York, who returned into his diocese. archers, assuring the council of England, that if the Iking or one of ft was fortunate for him he did so, otherwise it would have happened his uncles would cole to Brittany, in sufficient force, the whole to him as to the other counsellors of the lking, as I shall presently country would be open, and ready to receive them. narrate. But I must speak as much of France as of England, whemm King Richard and his council were greatly pleased on receiving the matter requires it. this intelligence, which seemed to them so good, that they could not do better than accept the offer, since Brittany was so well inclined to receive them. They ordered thither the earl of Buckingham, with C H A P T E R L X V. four thousand spears and eight thousand archers, who, having landed t CONSTABLE OF FRANCE I EVERAL OTiES MAKE PREPARATION at Calais, marched through the kingdom of France without meeting TOCIONSTABLDE OFRANCHE DKEVORIANL PHRA ES PREV any opposition, although they frequently offered battle, as you have TO INVADV. Es~~,Am~. Tar~ DUxr. or Ba~TTAN~ PrACTroEs Tor. PRVr~T THISVADEEDITION, THEDUEOBITTNYPRbefore read. When they came to Brittany, they expected to find al THis rXrl~DITION. ready to receive them, as they had indeed sustained a long march WHEN the sweet season of summer and the delightful mcth of but everything was conitrary to what had been promised; for thb May were come, in the year of our Lord 1387, while tle duke of duke's advisers had maniaged with so much prudence, that they hat Lancaster was making conquests in Galicia, and, in conjunction with nmade his peace with the young king of France: had Charles V the king of Portugal, overrunning Castille without opposition; there been alive, it could not have been done, for lie hated him too much were, as I before said, great preparations making ins France for the The duke of Burgundy, who was, at that time, at the head of the. invasion of England, by the constable, at Treguier in Brittany; and government of France, was greatly instrumental in bringing this ac by the count de St. Pol, the lord de Coucy, and the admiral of commodation about through the entreaties of his duchess, who wam France, at Harfliur. They had under their command six thousand very nearly related to the duke of Brittany. I-He was, in consequence, men-at-arms, two thousand cross-bows, and six thousand lusty varlets, forced to break all the engagements he had made with the English whom they intended to land at Dover and Orwell. It was ordered, from the impossibility of his keeping them; for Bretons will nevei that no one was to embark unless he were provided with suitable firmly join the English in maklting war on France. They never had armor and provision for three months. They were the flower of nor ever will have, such inclinations. The English were obliged t( chivalry, and had plenty of oats and hay for their horses. Their lodge themselves in Vannes and its neighborhood, and to suffer tht leaders had appointed a day for sailing, which was now almost ar- greatest distress and poverty, which destroyed many of their men rived; and their servants were as busily employed as at Sluys, in ariand all their horses. When they left Brittany, they were greatly dis laying in all stores and other necessaries at the two parts of Tr6guier contented with the duke, more particularly the earl of Buckingham, and Harfleur. The men-at-arms, under the count do St. Pol and the who, on his return to England, made such heavy complaints against admiral, were paid fifteen days in advance; but they were still on ihim to the king, the duke of Lancaster and the council, that it was shore, and those in the more distant parts were daily arriving. All resolved by them to give John of Brittany his liberty, and carry him things were now in such forwardness, no one could have imagined to Brittany, to wage war against the duke under his name. It was it would not take place. It was not, however, broken up by the cap- there said; "Sir John de Montfort knows well that he owes his tains, but by a most extraordinary event which happened in Brittany. duchmy solely to us, for without our aid he never could have gained it The king of France and his council were sorely vexed thereat; but, mmamd a pretty return he has niade us, by wearing our army down with,s they could not amend it, they were forced to endure it as well as fatignie anad fanmline, and fruitlessly expeniding our treasure. We they could, and act prudently, for this was not tIme mommenmt of re- unmet semitei taeel fonr his imigratitude; mmnd we camninot better revenge venge. Other news was brought to the king from Germany, at the ourselves than by setting his rival at liberty, and lumding him in that 430 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c country, where the towns and castles will open their gates to him, You must know, that in these days, the duke of Brittany w~e and expel the other who has thus deceived us." building a very handsome and strong castle near Vannes, called the This resolution was unanimously adopted. John of Brittany was castle of Ermine, which was almost completed. Being eager to brought before the council, and told they would give him his liberty, catch the constable, he said to him, the lord de Beaumanoir, and regain for him the duchy of Brittany, and marry him to the lady other barons, " My dear sirs, I entreat, that before you quit this Philippa of Lancaster, on condition that Brittany should be held country, you will come and see my castle of Ermine, that you may as a fief from England, and that he would do the king homage for it, view what I have done, and the plans I intend executing." They He refused compliance with these terms. He would, indeed, have all accepted his invitation, for his behavior had been so kind and; accepted the lady, but peremptorily refused to enter into any engage. open, that they never thought he was imagining mischief. They ments inimical to France, were he to remain prisoner all his days. accompanied the duke on horseback to this castle; and, when arThe council, hearing this, grew cool in their offers of freedom, and rived, the duke, the constable, the lords de Laval and de Beauma. replaced him under the guard of sir Thomas d'Ambreticourt. This noir, dismounted and entered within its apartments. The duke led I have already related, but I now return to it on account of the event the constable by the hand from chamber to chamber, and to all parts, which happened in Brittany, as being the consequence; for the duke, even to the cellars, where wine was offered. When he had carried well aware he was in disgrace with all England, was greatly alarmed them all over it, they came to the keep; and, stopping at the entrance, at the dangers that might ensue, from the treatment the earl of Buck- the duke said, "Sir Oliver, there is not a man on this side of the sea ingham and his army were forced to put up with, from the breach of who understands masonry like you: enter, therefore, I beg of you, all his engagements. Neither the king of England nor his uncles and examine the walls well; and if you say it is properly built, it longer wrote him such friendly letters as they were used to do before shall remain, otherwise it shall be altered." The constable, who the earl of Buckingham's expedition. His alarms were much in- thought nothing ill was intended, replied, he would cheerfully do so, creased when he heard that John of Brittany was returned from Eng- and desired the duke to go first. "No," said the duke; "go by your. land, and said, the English had given him his liberty in revenge for self, while I talk a little here with the lord de Laval." The constahis late conduct. ble, desirous to acquit himself, entered the tower and ascended the The duke upon this determined, by one bold stroke, to recover staircase. When he had passed the first floor, some armed men, the favor of England, and do it so secretly and opportunely that the who had been there posted in ambush, knowing how they were to English should thank him. He knew there was not a man on earth act, shut the door below them, and advanced on the constable, whom whom they more hated and dreaded than sir Oliver de Clisson, con- they seized, and dragged into an apartment, and loaded him with stable of France; for, in truth, his thoughts were daily and nightly three pairs of fetters. As they were putting them on, they said, employed on the means to injure England. He was the proposer of "My lord, forgive what we are doing, for we are obliged to it by the the late great armament at Sluys, and the chief dictator of those car- strict orders we have had from the duke of Brittany."* If the con. ried on at Trdguier and Harfleur. The duke, therefore, to please stable was alarmed, it is no wonder; but he ought not to have been the English, and to show he had not much dependence on nor love surprised, for, since the quarrel which he had had with the duke, he for the French, resolved to prevent the intended invasion of England would never come near him, though many invitations and passports taking eftfect: not, indeed, by forbidding his subjects to join in this were sent. He was fearful of trusting himself with the duke, in attack on England, under pain of forfeiting their lands, for that would which he was justified; for, when he did come, you see the conse. have too clearly discovered the side to which he leaned. He went quences of the duke's hatred, which now burst out. to work more secretly, and thought he could not act more to his ad- When the lord de Laval, who was at the entrance of the tower, vantage than to arrest the constable, and put him to death, for which heard and saw the door shut with violence, he was afraid of some the English would thank him, as they hated him much. He was not plot against his brother-in-law; and, turning to the duke, who looked afraid of his family, as it was not powerful enough to make war as pale as death, was confirmed something was wrong. He said, against him; for he had but two daughters, one married to John of ",Ah, my lord, for God's sake what are they doing? Do nriot use Brittany, and the other to the viscount de Rohan. He could easily any violence against the constable." "Lord de Laval, mount your withstand them; and, as there would be but one baron slain, when horse, and go hence, for you may depart when you please; I know dead, none would make war for him. well what I am about." "My lord," replied the lord de Laval, "I will never depart without my brother-in-law, the constable." At these words, the lord de Beaumanoir (whom the duke greatly hated) C H APTER LXVI. came and asked where the constable was. The duke, drawing his THE DUKE OF BRITTANY SU'MMONS HIS IBARONS AND KNIGHTS TO A COIN- dagger, advanced to him and said, "Beaumanoir, dost thou wish to W DUT VANNES.OF S UIR OLIVER DE CISSON AND THE T LORD DE TOAUMA- be lilke thy master?' " My lord," replied Beaumanoir, "I believe CSL AT VANNES. SiRl OLIVER HE CLtSSON~ AND THE LORD HE BEAUM~A-;NOIR ARE MADE PRISONERS IN THE CASTLE OF ERMINE, AND IN GREAT my master cannot be in a good plight." "I ask thee again, if thou ~DANGER OF THEtI~R LIVES. wouldst wish to be like him." "Yes, my lord," said de Beauma. DANGEW. or ~rHm~ LIE.i.s noir. The duke then taking his dagger by the point, said, "Well. THE duke of Brittany, to accomplish his plan, appointed a great then, Beaumanoir, since thou wouldst be like him, thou must thrust parliament to be holden at Vannes, and sent very affectionate letters one of thy eyes out."t The lord de Beaumanoir, seeing, from the to his barons and knights, to entreat they would be present; but he duke's countenance, things were taking a bad turn, cast himself on was particularly pressing with the constable of France, adding, that his knee, and said," My lord, I have that opinion of your honor and he was more anxious to see him than all the rest. The constable nobleness of mind, that, if'it please God, you will never act other. never thought of excusing himself, for the duke was now his acknow- wise than right. We are at your mercy, and are come hither solely ledged lord, and he wished to be in his favor: he came therefore to to accompany you, and at your own request; do not therefore disVannes, as did great numbers of other barons. The assembly was honor yourself, by executing any wild scheme, if such be in your numerous, and lasted some time; and many things were discussed thoughts, for you may hereafter repent of it." " Go, go," replied which concerned the duke and the country, but the intended inva. the duke; "thou shalt have neither better nor worse than him." sion of England was never touched on, for the duke pretended to He was then arrested by those who had previously received their know nothing about it, and kept a strict silence. The parliament orders, dragged into a room, and fettered with three pairs of irons. was held in the castle de la Motte at Vannes, where the duke gave He was much alarmed, as you may suppose, for he knew the duke a grand dinner to the barons of Brittany, and kept them in enjoy- loved him as little as he did the constable, but he could not then ment and affectionate conversation until night, when they returned help it. to their lodgings in the suburbs without the town. At this dinner News was soon spread through the castle and town, that the con. were the greater part of the barons of Brittany, toward the end of stable and the lord Beaumanoir had been arrested and confined; which the duke showed them the most friendly attention; but he but it surprised many that the lord de Laval was not confined with had other thoughts in his heart, unknown to all excepting those to them; and that the duke had allowed him to depart when he pleased. whom he had confidentiallyopened himself. The constable of France, The constable's imprisonment astonished all who heard it, and not to please the knights of Brittany, and because he thought his office without cause; for it was said the duke's hatred was so strong, that required it, invited all who had dined with tIme duke to dine with he would have him and his companion put to death. The duke him on the morrow. Some came, but others went home to take was exceedingly blamed by all knights and squires who heard of leave of their wives and families; for it was the intention of the this; they said, "That no prince had ever dishonored himself so constable, on leaving Vannes to make for Trdguier and embark on much as the duke of Brittany. He invites the constable to dine board his fleet, which was ready for him. All this the duke knew, with him, who accepts the invitation, goes to his palace, and drinks but never said one word; for he wished to have it believed that he of his wine. He is then requested to view his buildings, wherein was ignorant of it. When the duke entered the hotel of the consta. he is arrested: never was the like heard of. What does the duke ble, and was announced, all rose up, as was right, and kindly re- think to do with him? He has rendered himself infamous, for never ceived him in the manner in which their lord should be accosted. was there a more disgraceful act; and, henceforward, no one will He behaved in the most friendly manner, and, seating himself among have confidence in princes, since the duke has thus played the traitor, them, eat and drank, and showed them stronger marks of affection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ than he had ever before done. He said, " My fair sirs, friends and * These excuses were afterwards of no avail: for the constable punished them accordcompanions, God send that you may ever come and go from me with ing to their deserts. IHe only pardoned a squire, mnamed Bernard. who 1usd tise humanity equal pleasure, and that you may perform? such deeds of arms as may to give him his cloak, to preserve him from the dampness of the plaee. —Hist. de Brm. satisfy you and gain you profit and renown.' a o," l tagne.'atisfyyouang. "May God," they tAllunding to the constable having but one eye. He lost it at the battle of Aurary replied, "render you the same, and we most humbly thank you tIhbat notwithstandinmg which, he never quitted the field of battle. ~ou are thus kindly come to see us before we depart," CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 431, and, by treacherous means, enticed these gallant men into his castle, When the duke of Brittany heard the lord de Laval thus address wherein he imprisons them. What will the king of France say to him, and never for one moment quit his presence, for he followea this? and especially as the consequence must be, that he must give him the whole night, he paused awhile, and, being somewhat cooled, up the intended invasion of England. Never was such wickedness said, "Lord de Laval, you have been of the greatest service to your thought of. At present he has discovered what was rankling in his brother-in-law; for know, that he is the man whom I Late the most heart. Did any one in Brittany, or elsewhere, ever hear of the like? in the world, and, if you had not been here, he should not havq been If a poor knight had done so, he would have been for ever disgraced. alive to-morrow morning: but your eloquence has saved him. Go In whom can any man place confidence but in his lord, who is to him, and ask if he be willing to pay down one hundred thousaitnd bounden to act uprightly, and redress such wrongs as his vassals francs; for I will have no other security but the money; and sur. may complain of? Who can take upon him to punish this deed, or render to me three castles and one town, such as Chateau Broc, who is capable of it, but the king of France? The duke now Chateau Josselin, Lamballe, and the town of Jugon. When he shall openly shows his attachment to the English, and that he means to pay his ransom, and put me, or those I may send thither, in posses. assist them, by thus preventing the expedition against them taking sion of these places, I will give him his liberty."* "My lord," re. effect. What ought the knights and squires of Brittany at this mo- plied the lord de Laval, " I give you a thousand thanks for having so ment to do? Why, they should instantly leave their homes, and graciously listened to my entreaties: be assured that all you ask shall hasten to lay siege to the castle of Ermine, and inclose the duke be granted: the town and castles shall be given up, and the money within it, and never depart until they have taken him, dead or alive, paid, before he leave this place." The lord de Laval was rejoiced and carried him, like a false and disloyal prince, to the king of beyond measure when he found his brother thus freed from prison France, for him to punish him according to his deserts." Thus did and death. He had the gate of the tower opeled, which could not those knights speak who had been at the parliament, and who had be done but by the duke's order, and, mounting the staircase, found not left Vannes and that part of the country; but they were much the constable much alarmed, (for he was expecting every moment to afraid lest the duke should put them to death. Others said, "The be put to death,) and chained down with three pairs of fetters; but lord de Laval is still with the duke, and will prevent it; for he is so when he saw the lord de Laval, his heart revived, for he imagined wise and prudent, he will check the duke's rage." In effect, he did some treaty had been entered into. The lord de Laval said to the so; for, had he not exerted himself to the utmost, there is not a doubt guards, " Unfetter my brother Clisson, and then I shall talk with but that the constable would have been murdered that night, had he him;" and addressing himself to the constable, "Dear brother, will had a thousand lives. you consent to whatever I may have done?" "Yes, brother," re. plied the constable. At these words, his irons were taken off. The lord de Laval took him aside, and said, " Brother, I have, with much C H A P T E R LXV II. difficulty, saved your life; but it is on condition, that you pay down, THE CONSTABLE DE CLISSON, THROUGH THE EXERTIONS OF THE LORD DE before you leave this place, one hundred thousand francs, and sur. LAVAL, OBTAINS HIS LIBERTY, BY PAYING A LARGE SUM OF MONEY, render to the duke three castles and your town of Jugon, otherwise AND DELIVERING UP TO THE DUKE OF BRITTANY SOME OF HIS CASTLES. yOU will not have your liberty." " I agree to all this," replied the constable. "You are in the right, brother," said the lord de Laval. IT may be readily believed, that the constable was not at his ease, " But," said the constable, "who will go to Clisson and elsewhere when he found himself thus entrapped and ironed. HEe was guarded to collect the money? I believe, fair brother de Laval, you must by thirty men, who were unable to comfort him, for they could only undertake this." "No," replied the lord de Laval: "I will never obey their lord's orders. In his own mind, he considered himself as quit this castle until I have you with me; for I too well know the a dead man; for he had not the most distant hope of any assistance duke's cruel disposition; and he may repent of his bargain when I coming to him. He had his fetters taken thrice from him, and was am gone, by some foolish conversation he may hear concerning you, stretched on the floor; for the duke, at one time, would have him and the whole be broken off." "And whom then can we send beheaded, at another drowned; and oxe or other of these deaths he thither?" asked the constable. "The lord de Beaumanoir," replied would certainly have suffered, if it had not been for the lord de La- his brother-in-law: we will send him for he is a prisoner like your. val. When he heard the duke give orders for the constable's death, self, and he shall undertake to collect the whole." Wel, said self, and he shall undertake to collect the whole." "1Well," said he flung himself on his knees, and, with uplifted hands and tears, the constable, "go down stairs, and order whatever you shall think said, "Ah, my lord, for God's mercy, think better of this matter; do for the best." not act so cruelly against my brother-in-law the constable. He cannot have deserved death. Through kindness, tell me what it is CHAPTER LXVIII. that has so mightily angered you against him. I swear, that what- C A P T E R L X V I II. ever may be his crime, he shall make such amends, in body and THE LORD DE BEAUMANOIR IS SET AT LIBERTY BY THE DUKE OF BRITTANY, estate, or I for him, or both of us together, as shall surpass anything THAT HII MAY COLLECT THE RANSOM FOR THE CONSTABLE, WHO OH. you may imagine, or condemn him to, excepting death or imprison- TAINS HIS FREEDOM -ON SURRENDERING THE PLACES AGREED ON. THE ment. Remember, for God's sake, my lord, how you were educated IMPRISONMENT OF THE CONSTABLE IS KNOWN AT THE COURT OF FRANCE. together, in the same hotel with the duke of Lancaster, who is so THE lord do Laval lost no time in going to the chamber of the'oyal and gallant a prince, none ever was, nor will be his equal. duke, who was undressing himself for bed, as he had not slept the duke, who was undressing himself for bed, as he bad not slept the For God's mercy, remember, my lord, how, in former times, before whole night. On his entrance he bowed, and said, "My lord, you y ~~~~~~~~whole night. On his entrance be bowed, and said, " My lord, you he had made his peace with France, he had always served you loy- must set at liberty the lord de Beamanoir, that brother Cisson may ally; he assisted you in the recovery of your duchy; and you ever talk with him; for it is he who must go for the money, and give your found him ready to support you in the field and in council. If you people possession of the castles and town." "1Well," replied the have not any very just cause indeed, that moves your passion, he duke, let his irons be taken off, and put them in an apartment to. cannot be deserving death.'" "1Lord de Laval," replied the doke, gether: I shall look to you for the performance of the treaty, as I do "allow me to act as I please. Clisson has so frequently angered not wish to see them; and, when I shall have slept a little, return to me, hat t i nownecesar I mke hm fel i. Goyou way, Inot wish to see thera; and, when I shall have slept a little, return to me, that it is now necessary I make him feel it. Go your ways, I me again, and we will talk more on the subject." "Very well, my want nothing with you: let me show my cruelty; for I am resolved lord, said the lord d Laval, and quitted the chamber, acconpanied lord," said the lord de Laval, and quitted the chamber, accompanied he shall die." "Ah, my lord," replied the lord de Laval, " moderate by two knights, who conducted him to the place where-the lord de your rage, and hear reason. If you thus put him to death, no prince Beaumanoir was confined. He was in hourly expectation of being will ever so completely disgrace himself; and there will not be a put to death- and, when the door opened (as he owned afterwards,) knight, squire, nor honest man in all Brittany, who will not mortally he thought they were come to lead him to execution. On seeing the hate you, and do everything they can to drive you out of your duchy. lord do Laval, his spirits were raised, and still more when he said, Neither the king of England nor his couprai will thank you; and i Neither the king of Englad nor hi couil will thank you; and "Lord de Beaumanoir, rejoice: your liberty is granted." On this would you thus disgrace yourself for the life of one man? For the his fetters were taken off, and he was led into an apartment, whither love of God, change your intention, as the one you want to carry the constable was also conducted, and placed between them. Wine into effect is not only good for nothing, but dishonorable. It would and plenty of provision were brought, and the whole of the household and plenty of provision were brought, and the whole lf the household be infamous thus to put to death so great a baron and so gallant a were much pleased when they heard how matters were going on, knight as the lord de Clisson; and'should you do so, it will be con. and that all would end well. They had very unwillingly witnessed sidered as traitorous, and a reproach to you before God and by all what had been done to the constable and the lord de Beaumanoir: the world. You invited him to dine with you: he came. You then but they could not help it, bound as they were to obey their lord's seek for him, in the most friendly manner, and desire him to accom- orders, right or wrong. From the time the drawbridge had been pany you to see your buildings: he does so: he obeys your every pany you to see your buildings: e does so: he obeys your every raised, and the gates shut, no person whatever had entered the castle command, and drinks of your wine; and is all this affection you (for the keys were in the duke's chamber,) until he was awakened, show him but a veil to cover your treachery, and the means to rob which was not sooner than nine'clock, when he arose This.. 11. I., - -1. I - ~~~which was not sooner than nine o'Sclock, when hp. arose. This him of his life? Should you do so, no lord will be ever so disgraced: alarmed those squires and varbets who were waiting without, and all the world will detest you, reproach you for it, and make war upon they knew nt what to think of it. News of what had lassed was you. But, since your hatred is so violent against the constable, I will already caried to Trdguier, where they said, "Do you know what tell you how you shall act: you shall give him his liberty for a large sum of flormns. This you may compound for; and, should l e hold * The historian of Brittany, dom Morice, mentions the following castles and placer any castle tliat you may claim as yours, he shall deliver it up; and I whlch the duke insisted on having, with the hundred thousand francs, for the ransom will be his security for the due performance of whatever you may of the constable: Josselin, Lamballe, Broon, Jugon, Blein, Guingamp, La Rocheder. rien, Chastellaulren Clisson, and Chiteau-gui, which were strong places, g3m. b,, longing to the constable, and others to John of Brittany, count de PenthievrB 432 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. has happened? The duke of Brittany has imprisoned, in his castle the wind. The three barons of Harfleur were informed that the of Ermine, the constable of France, the lord de Laval, and the lord constable was out of danger of being murdered, but that he had very de Beaumanoir, and, it is supposed, will murder them, if he has not narrowly escaped; and was obliged, to save his life, to surrender already done it." Knights and squires were astonished, and deplored three of his castles and a town, besides paying down as a ransom the event, saying, "Our expedition is at an end, for we shall lose the one hundred thousand francs. In their conversation, they said, fine weather. Ah, constable! how unfortunate you have been to " Things now go well, since his life is safe: as for his castles and suffer weak counsel to deceive you. The parliamentheld atVannes ransom, the constable will soon regain them; and the king has was 7urposely to entrap you. Your opinion formerly of the duke enough for him, should he want any money. It is over: our expewas such that you said, if he were to send you five hundred assu- dition is put an end to; and we may now disband our people and go ranlces of safety, you would never trust yourself with him, so strong to Paris, to learn from the king what is to be done; for we know were your suspicions then; but now you simply accompany him alone, that all the armaments at Trdguier are countermanded, which is a and are miserably paid for it i" sure sign that nothing will be attempted this season, and with rea. The whole duchy of Brittany bewailed the treatment of the constable, and knew not how to act. The knights and squires of the fleet said, " Why do we stay here? why do,II we not go and invest the duke in his castle.. of Ermine? and, if he should have put the i constable to death, confine him: if he detain him in prison, why do we not remain there until we have set him free; for Brittany has never suffered such a loss as now, by the capture of the constable.'" Such were the different conversa tions that passed.; but no'ti'.one moved, as they were waiting for further intelligence; and all were running to different quarters in search of it. Within two days, the king of France and his uncles were informed of what had happened to the constable, to their great astonishment. The duke of Bourbon had then left the court and was at Avignon, on his way to Castille, as he was desirous of first seeing the Pope. He, however, heard of it when at Lyon with the I(d. l t.i count Savoye. The count de St. Pol, the lord de Coucy, and the admiral of France, o were aon the point of embarking at Harfleur,. an when they learnt how the duke of Brittany INt had, by a trick, imprisoned the constable and the lord de Beaumanoir; and that it was cur- -f rently believed in Brittany he had put them c very -rya to death, for he hated them mortally. These sprvtlasosie lords were so astonished at the intelligence, o the..... that they said, " Our expedition is at an LonD BEAUMANOIRPAYING I'HE RIANSOMI OF'rH CONSTABLE DE CLIssoN.rDesigned from Har. MS.3469 and a end: let us disband our men-aLarms, and MS. Froissart of the 15th century. make for Paris, where we shall know fromn the kiolg what he would have us do." "It is well that we should go to Paris," replied the admiral; "but there is son; for the constable will be solely occupied to revenge himself for not any necessityfor dismissing all our men-at-arms. Perhaps they the insult the duke of Brittany has put upon him." These three may be wanted elsewhere, in Castille, whither the duke of Bourbon lords, having dismissed all the men-at-arms and cross-bows that sfere is gone, or in Brittany against this duke. Do you imagine the king of in and about Harfleur, took the road for Paris, where the king re. France will quietly suffer what he has done? No, by God: he will sided. The lord de Beaumanoir was so active, that, within four never escape without losing two hundred thousand florins at least, for days, he put the duke's officers in the possession of the three castles the indignity he has shown a constable of France; and he will be and the town of Jugon, to the satisfaction of the duke. He afterlucky if he come off so well. Was ever anything heard or seen like wards collected the amount of the ransom, and paid it according to this conduct, which has ruined the king's expedition, and prevented the duke's pleasure. When this was all done, the lord de Laval said him from annoying his enemies? Let us stay where we are for two to the duke, "My lord, you have now received the whole of your or three days, when we shall hear something more from Brittany demands: the three castles and Jugon, and one hundred thousand or Paris." francs, deliver up to me, therefore, my brother-in-law, the constable." "Willingly," replied the duke: "let him depart: I give him his liberty." The constable was then given up, and instantly set out, with the lord de Laval, from the castle of Ermine.* TrE DUKE OF BRITTANY DICTATES THE TERMS OF THE TREATIES, FOR TIHE When they were at liberty, the constable made no long stay in SURRENDER OF DIFFERENT FLACES BY THE CONSTABLE. THE EXPEDI- Brittany, but, mounting a good courser, and attended solely by a TIoNS FROM TREGUIER AND HARFLrUR ARE BROXEN UP. THE CON- page, made such haste, as to arrive at Paris in two days. He dieSTABLE, ON mIS DELIVERANCE, MAIKES HIs COMrPLAINT TO THE KING OF mounted at his own h6tel, and instantly waited on the king and his FRANCE, AND RESIGNS TO HIM HIS OFFICE OF CONSTABLE. uncles at the Louvre. His servants and equipage followed him in I win Lnow return to the duke of Brittany. Whenhe had reposed handsome array. The court had already been informed of his des little, he arose, dressed himself, and sent for the lord de Laval to live'rance, but they knew not that he was so near. The doors of his chamber, with whom he held a long conversation. A treaty was the Idng's apartments were, according to orders, opened to him; and, then written down, as the duke dictated, to bind the constable tothe when in the presence of the king, he cast himself on his knees, and complete surrender of the places before mentioned,and to settle them said, "Most redoubted lord, your father (may God pardon his sins) on the duke and his heirs, absolutely and without appeal, which appointed me constable of France, which office I have truly executed treaty was to be sealed by the constable. The lord do Beaumanoir was ordered by the constable to go to * This conduct of the duke of Brittany is differently related by dom Morice, the histown, to dismiss all his officers, and torian of Brittany, by which it appears that the constable very narrowly escaped death. his castles and town, to dismiss all his officers, and give possession The duke called to him sir John de Bazvalen. in whom he had the greatest confidence, to those whom the duke might send thither. With the surrender of and ordered him to put the constable to death. at midnight, as privately as possible. all these places, it was necessary, likewise, to pay down one hundred Bazvalen represented in vein the consequences that would ensue, for the duke said he tisousand francs. On the gates being opened, the lord do Beauma- had resolved on it, and would have it done. During the night, his passion being calmer, he repented having given such orders, and, at daybreak, sent for Bazvalen, and asked noir departed, accompanied by some of the duke's people, to fulfil if his orders had been obeyed. On being answered inthe affirmative, tile duke cried out, the orders of the constable, who entreated him to make all speed for "How, is Clisson dead?".'.Yes, my lord: he was drowned this night, and his body his deliverance. By them Yannes and the country, which was be- isuried in a garden." "Alas!" replied the duke, "this is a most pitiful good-morrow. ginning to be in motion, learnt that the constable was not in danger Would to God, sir John, I had believed what you urged against it. I see that from hencet.rward all comfort is lost to me. Quit my presence, and never again let me see of his life, having been ransomed. All those attached to him were your face." After the knight had allowed him tosuffer for some time the pains of his greatly rejoiced; and such knights and squires as had taken it up the remorse, he returned and said, "My lord, as I tnow the cause of your misery, I believe most warmly remained quiet; but, had matters been otherwise, they I can provide a remedy; for there is a cure for all things." " Not for death," replied were determined to surround the castle of Ermine and inclose the the duke. Bazvalen then told him, that foreseeing the consequences and the remorse he duke withrmined it, andould nheve have doErmine anythig witmore w would feel if his orders, then given from passion, were obeyed, he had not executedd hin.ulre wti a wl eehv o nti icommands, and that the constable was alive. The lord de Laval t~~s,' entered and the linnnPss. News is soon spread abroad, on wings more speedy than remainder isnearly as Froeisart relates it. CHRO 1 NICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 433 to the oest of my abilities, and there never has been any complaint son, who was young, had taken it, at the solicitations of the king of made against me. If any one, excepting yourself and my lords your England and his council, on condition he should send his challenge umcles, shall say to the contrary, or that I have acted otherwise than to the king of France, and carry on a war against him to the utmost most loyally toward you and the crown of France, I will throw him of his power. He was themore inclined to support the English be my glove for him to prove it." Neither the king nor any other person cause he was already at war with the duchess and country of Bramade reply to this speech. Upon which the constable added, " Most bant, which country was favorable to France, for the reversion of it noble lord and kiiig, it has happened in Brittany, that while I was would fall to the duke of Burgundy and to his children. TIhe duke executing the duties of your office, the duke had mine arrested and of Gueldres, to show he was in earnest and determined to act agaiiist confined ia his castle of Ermine; and would have put me to death, France, sent, during the time the news of the constable's misf'orbutie without any other cause than his own outrageous will, if God, and was fresh, to defy the king of France, by letters sealed with his s':l, brother de Laval, had not assisted me. To deliver myself firom his that were very bitter and wrathful. They were not accepted witli hands, I, as constrained to surrender to him three strong castles and pleasure by the king nor his uncles, as I shall explain hereafter in a haniidsome town, besides one hundred thousand friancs paid down. the course of this history, when I speak more fully of the wars of The insult and loss, which the duke of Brittany has put on me, most Brittany and Gueldres. nearly concerns your royal majesty; for the invasion of England, The king, however, showed no outward signs of dissatisfactint, which I and my companions were eager to attempt, is now put an but handsomely entertained the squire who had brought this chalend to. I therefore resign into your hands the office of constable, lenge. He had been very much terrified at Tourney; for, having for you to make such provision in the matter as you may please: I shown the challenge to the provost and principal inhabitants, he will not longer hold what I cannot gain any honor by." wanted not to go further, saying, that it was fully sufficient to have Constable," replied the king, "we have before heard the great delivered his commission at so grand a city as Tournay. This did insult you have suffered, which has been very much to our prejudice not satisfy the provost, though Tournay belonged to France, and he as well as that of the country. We shall summon our peers of France, arrested the squire and had him closely confined: he then wrote to and consider how we should act in such a case. Do not you trouble the duke of Burgundy, to say what he had done, and to know his yourself about the matter; for you shall have ample justice done by further commands on the subject. The duke ordered the provost to us, whatever may be the consequence." He then took the constable conduct the squire to Paris, who certainly thought that now he, could by the hand, and made him rise, saying, " Constable, we will not not escape death. It fell out otherwise, for the king, his uncles, that you thus resign your office, but that you continue to exercise its and the court, graciously received him; and the king of France functions until we order otherwise." The constable again flung him- gave him a silver goblet weighing four mares, with fifty francs within self on his knees and said, "Dear sir, the insult and disgrace I have it. He was well entertained, and, when he returned,. had a good suffered from the duke of Brittany oppresses my mind so much, that passport given to him. The king and the whole court were much I am unfit to hold the office, which is so considerable, that it requires troubled on this matter, when the constable arrived to make his coin. the utmost attention. I am, besides, obliged to give answers, and plaints against the duke of Brittany; and this increased it, for, it: converse with all manner of persons who come to me on business; was now apparent, difficulties were arising on all sides, and mnuch and, indeed, at this moment, I am not capable of giving the orders prudence and good sense would be necessary to meet them. The I ought: I beg of you, therefore, to accept it, and appoint another kIing and his council, notwithstanding this vexation from Gueldres. for a time; fir I shall be always ready and willing to obey your coin- were unwilling that the constable, who had so faithfully served the. mands." "Well, sir," said the duke of Burgundy, "he offers very king in Flanders and elsewhere, should not have redress for thhandsomely: you will consider of it." " That I will," replied the wrongs lie had suffered from the dulke of Brittany, by confining his, king, who again made him rise. person and seizing his castles and towns, without a shadow of right. The constable advanced respectfully toward the dukes of Berry The lord de Coucy and the admiral were particularly active in thisand Burgundy, to converse with them on public affil's, and to inform business. them more particularly of what had passed in Brittany; for they were We will return to-the duke of Lancaster and the king of P-ortu_. much interested in it, as they had the government of the kingdom. gal, who were carrying on a prosperous war in Galicia, and speak. In the course of his conversation, the constable found they were of their operations. more indifferent about the mnatter, than the king's answer made hiin believe; for they greatly blamed him for having gone to Vannes. C H A P T E R L X X I. He replied, he could not offer any excuses for it. The duke of Bur.gundy added, " How could you thintk of going thither, when your TWO RETON CAPTAINS, AVING VALIANTLY AITUENDED THE O EOWN OF. ZM ~~~~~ORENSE AGAINST THE DUTKE OF LANCASTER, CAPITULATE ON T1ERMS OFfleet, and the knights and squires, were ready, and waiting for you EBE N LIH at Tre'guier? Besides, when you were at Vannes, and had dined FERED BY THE ENLH. with himn, why did you not return? for you had no business to re- You have heard that the kio nand queen of Portugal were present main their longer; and what could have induced yod to attend him at the tilt between sir John Holland and sir Reginald de Roye, at' to his castle of Ermine?" "My lord," replied the constable, " he Entenga. The king, before he departed, told the duke of Lancaster,, showed me so many attentions that I coiuld not refuse it.," " Con- that oni his return to Oporto, he would, within six days, take the stable," said the duke of Burgundy, "such attentions are always de- field, for that his men were now quite ready. The duke ordered the - ceitful: I thought you had been more cunning. You may now go: lady Constance. his duchess, to remain at Saint Jago, under the:he business shall have a favorable end; and we will, at our leisure, tguard of the lord Fitzwalter, a powerful English baron, with one attend to it." The constable next addressed himself particularly to hundred men-at-arms and two hundred archers, saying, on his quitthe duke of Berry, but soon discovered that these lords were more ting Entenga, "Lady, you will retire to the city of Coimpstella, indifferent about him than the king, for not having acted according while the king of Portugal, myself, and army, seek our enemies in to their expectations: he therefore left the Louvre, and returned to Castille, and comnbat them wherever we may find them; and we.his h6tel. Many great lords of the parliament and council came shall then know if ever we be to possess any part of Castille." The thither to visit and comfort him: among the number were, the count lady replied, " God's will be done." They then separated for the do St. Pol, the lord de Coucy and the admiral of France, who said, present. The duchess was escorted out of danger by sir Thomas, "Constable, be not cast down: you shall be anmply revenged on the Percy and sir Evan Fitzwarren, with two hundred spears, who then duke of Brittany, for he has now committed himself so strongly by returned to the duke. He had left Enteii(a, and was marching to the insult offered France that he may pay for it by the loss of his ward a city in Galicia, called Orense, which would not acknow-. duchy. Go, and amuse yourself at your estate of Moutl6hiery,* ledge his claim to the crown. The place was strong, and had a. while we act for you here: the peers of France are summoned, garrison of Bretons, who had undertaken the defence at their own and things shall not remain as they are." The constable followed risk; and, as they expected the duke and his English would come their advice, and went to Montldhery, having for a time surrendered thither, they had greatly added to its strength. The marshal of the - his office. It was said, that the lord Guy de la Tiemouille was to army had received frequent information, that those of Orense had succeed him; but it was not so: he was too prudent and wise ever refused obedience to the duke, and were daily increasing the fortifito have accepted it over the head of sir Oliver de Clisson. cations of the place: he therefore, in conjunction with the consta~. ble, sir John Holland, advised the duke to march thither. When the army was tolerably near, it was halted and quartered;'; C H A P T E R L X X. thereabout. The first night was very fine, and so wondrous hot (for. it was about Ascension day,) that the lords had their tents and pavil. rTHE DUKE OF GUELDRES SENDS A CHALLENGE TO FRANCE IN FAVOR. OF HE DUKE OP GUELDIES SENLS A CHALLENGE TO FRANCE IN FAVR OP ions pitched in the plain, under the beautiful olive-trees which were ~~ENGLC~AND. ~there. They remained within them all the:night and following day, THE same week in which the news came to Paris of the consta. thinking the town would instantly surrender, without waiting to be ble's imprisonment, there was intelligence from Geimany huighly dis- assaulted. The townsmen would willingly have done so, if they had pleasing to the king, his uncles, andi the council. h-he duke of been the masters, but some adventurous Bretons governed it. Two Gueidres, son to the duke of Juliers, hlad entered into an hh11iance gallant captains from lower Brittany, one called the bastard d'Aulwith England, to make war on France, and had accept,d -:f a sub- roy, the other Pennefort, were the commanders. They were good uidy of four thousand friancs yearly. This pension tlii lather, the men-at-arms, as it appeared, when they undertook to defend the duke of Juliers, formerly possessed, but had renounrcc: it; and the town of Orense, without other assistancee, against the;army of the: _______________________________________________________ duke of Lancnster. On the third day, the- English having well ex~, *,ontlthery. a town in the isle of France, seven league, truen Pais. amined the place, to choose the weakest parts for their: attacks, th - A84 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FR'ANCE, SPAIN, &c. constable, the marshal, and the admiral, ordered their trumpets to targets on their heads, and fight, sword in hand, with the Bretons, sound for the assault. The army then armed itself and assembled who, in truth, defended themselves gallantly; for I hold such cemon the plain, when it was formed in four divisions, to make as many duct valorous, in allowing themselves to be so often attacked, know. different attacks. They marched slowly and in handsome array, ing well they should not have assistance from any quarter. The with trumpets sounding before them, as far as the ditches, and king of Castille and the French knights had determined to permit halted. There was not any water in them; but there was a strong the English to overrun Galicia, or any other parts, if they c. uld; palisade in front of the walls, and so many thorns and brambles, without offering them the chance of a general combat, and wiih this thalt no nman-at.arms could pass through. The attack, however, com- the Bretons had been made acquainted. menced at four places; and men-at-arms and lusty varlets crossed the Some of the English said "Ah, if all the towns in Castilie gis** ditches with hatchets on their wrists, with which they cleared away us as much trouble as this, we shall never have done." Others:e the thorns, to the utmost of their power. The Galicians annoyed plied: "There is much to be pillaged within it, that has been them with lanching darts; and, had they not been well shielded, num- brought thither from all parts; and it is this which induces them to bers must have been killed or wounded; but those men-at-arms, who make so obstinate a resistance, that they may surrender on terms, entered the ditch, were defended by their servants, bearing shields and preserve their wealth and merchandise from being plundered" before them. The English archers made such good use of their bows, Some asked: "Who are the captains?" "They are two bastard from the top of the ditch, that scarcely any dared to appear on the Bretons, good men-at-arms, who know what sieges and assaults are. bulwarks. for they have been at many. Their names are the bastard de Pen The duke of Lancaster came to view the attack, mounted on a nefort and the bastard d'Aulroy." "Whoever they may be, they very tall horse, which the king of Portugal had given him, and to are valiant fellows thus to hold out, without any appearance of succor notice those who behaved well, and was so delighted, that he stayed coming to them." Those who mounted the ladders were sometimes upward of three hours. All the thorns and brambles were cleared repulsed so severely, as to be tumbled to the ground, which caused away by this first attack, so that the palisades might be approached. much shouting among the Castillians. When the duke of Lancaster The retreat was sounded; for the duke said to the marshal, "Our was risen and had heard mass, he said he would go and view the men, sir Thomas, have done enough for to-day: let them retire, for attack. He mounted a courser, but unarmed, and had his pennon, they must be fatigued." " My lord, I am willing it should be so," that was emblazoned with the arms of Castille, England, and France, replied the marshal, and ordered the retreat. -The army returned to borne before him, which fluttered irn.the wind, so that the extremities its quarters, carrying with them the dead and wounded, and there touched the ground. On the duke's arrival, the besiegers exerted passed the night. They had plenty of wine, but it was so hot they themselves the more, in order to be noticed and plrai:cd.'The could scarcely drink it; and, unless mixed with a great deal of enemy, observing the pennon,. knew the du'li wNas come, anftithey water, those who made too firee with it were rendered unfit for any- also gained courage to continue the defence. Thus were bcith parthing the ensuing day. On the morrow, they determined, in council, ties employed until it was eight o'clock; and there did not seem;ny that, on account of the excessive heat, the fatigues the army had suf. probability tlat Orense would speedily be won by such a tacks. fered, and the consequences of their having drank too much of this The duke asked who were the captains of the garrison. On their wine, there should not be any attack made the whole day; but that, being named, he said: "Tell the marshal to treat with them; or on the next day, they would renew the assault before sunrise, in the send some one to know if they be willing to eiiter into a negrotiation cool of the morning, until eight o'clock. Orders were issued for the for surrendering the town, and placing it under our obedience. I army to remain quietly in camp, and no one to arm until the trumpet do not believe that question has been put to them. Go," addied 1he, of the marshal sounded. to one of his knights, "sir William, and bring the marshal to speak The duke of Lancaster received this day intelligence from the king with me." of Portugal. He had left Oporto, and was on his march toward San- The knight left the duke, rode to the marshal, and said: "Sir tarem; for he intended to enter Castille by that frontier, and the Thomas, my lord wishes to speak with you." The marshal went to armies to join on the river Duoro, and besiege Benevent6 or Vilal- him; and, when in his presence, the duke said: " Marshal, do you pando. Such was the plan of the king of Portugal, if, indeed, the know whether these Bretons, who hold the place against us, would king of Castille and his French allies, who were daily increasing, be willing to put themselves under our obedience 7 We are fadid not march to oppose him. Should they make no opposition, nor tiguing and wounding our men, and wasting our ammunition, when show any signs of offering battle, it was necessary the junction of we know not how soon we may be in greater want of it. I there. the two armies be made as soon as possible. The duke was so well fore beg you will go, and inform them you are willing to treat." pleased with this news as to give the bearer of it ten nobles. On "My lord," replied sir Thomas, "I will cheerfully do so; and sinice the appointed day for the renewal of the attack, the marshal's trum- you wish to show them mercy, it is just they should be heard." pet sounded at the first dawn of the morning. Knights and squires The marshal then returned to the assault, and, calling to him a he. made instantly ready, and posted themselves under their banners raid, said: "Go, and manage to speak with the besieged; our men and pennons; but it was upward of an hour before they were all will make way for thee; and tell them I am willing to enter into a drawn up. The duke remained in his pavilion, and did not rise treaty." The herald said he would do so, and entered the ditch thus early, for there was not any need of it. The marshal advanced clothed in a coat of arms which had belonged to the duke of Lan.:into the plain, knowing well the duties of his office; and those easter, saying, "Open your ranks, and make way for me: I am sent ordered for the attack placed themselves under his pennon. News by the marshal to parley with these Bretons." As he said this, they was spread through Orense, that the English were marching to the made room for him to pass. The bastard d'Aulroy, seeing him push assault: for the Bretons on guard had discovered it from the sound- through the crowd, for he had observed from the ramparts what had ing of the marshal's trumpet. The men and women of the town passed between him and the marshal, advanced on the battlements, were on the alert; and the Bretons cried to them: "Hasten to the and, showing himself, said: "Herald, what is it you want? I am bulwarks: be men of courage, and not frightened at what you may one of the captains in this town, with whom I fancy you come to see; we are not frightened; for we know the place is very strong, speak." "It is so," replied the herald, whose name was Percy::and we have plenty of darts, and well-tempered lances, to repulse "my lord marshal bids you come to the barriers, for he is desirous to our enemies, besides stones and flints to cast down on them: we parley and treat with you." "I will do so," said the bastard, "iif lknow, also, that should we be hard pushed, they will receive us he will order the attack to cease and his men to retire, otherwise riot." favorably; and that is the worst we can suffer." "By God," said " I believe you," answered the herald, and returned to relate his the captains who were present, "we have been in many weaker answer to the marshal. The marshal called his trumpet, and said: places than this, and were never the worse for it." The Galicians, " Sound the retreat;" which was done, and the assault ceased on whether they would or not, took courage from the exhortations of all sides. Upon this, the captains in the town passed the gates, and ~the Bretons. This would not have been the case if the Bretons had' came to the barriers, where they met the constable, sir John HIolnot been in the town; for they would have surrendered on the first land, the marshal, and many others of the English. "How, moy fair'summons. To say the truth, the common people of Castille and sirs," said the marshal, "can you think of thus holding out arnd sufGalicia are good for nothing in war; they are badly armed, and of fering yourselves to be taken by storm, by which you may probably poor courage. The nobles, who call themselves gentlemen, are tol- be slain, and for certain will lose all.'We know well that the towvns. erably well; but they like better to prance about, spurring their hor- men are very willing to surrender to our lord and lady, and would ses, than to be engaged in more serious matters. long ago have done so, if you had not been with them. You may Tho English arrived about sunrise before Orense, and, having repent of it; for, let happen what will, we shall never depart heneer entered the ditch, which, though dry, was deep enough, advanced to until the place be ours by fair means or foul. Consult together, anid the palisades, with hatchets and iron bars, and began to break down then come with your answer, for I have full powers to treat with and level them. When this was done, they had still another ditch you." to cross, be:ftore they could approach the wall, which was as wide as "Sir," replied the bastard Aulroy, "we have already consulted hii other, and riiany parts full of mud; but they were indifferent to and formed our resolution. If you will consent that we, andi what this, and rushting into it, came to the walls. Those on the battlements belongs to us, be conducted in safety to Vilalpando, or wherever else were not dismayed at what they saw, but defended themselves we may please to go, we will surrender the town; but the inhabitvali:antly. They lntched darts at the enemy, the stroke of which is ants of both sexes, who may choose to remain in it, shall be'icr very deandlly; and it required strong armor to resist their blows. rmitted so to do, without any risk or molestation, provided they sub. The Bnhlish, having prepared ladders the preceding day, had them mit themselves to the duke and duchess cf Lancaster, as other towns bronighit and fixed to different parts of the walls; and you would in Galicia have done. We know that you are the marshal of tha hiave seen knights and squires, eager for renown, ascend them with army, part of whose office is to enter into treaties with an enemy CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 435 and likewise that the duke will ratify whatever engagements you may enter into." "That is true," answered sir Thomas: "now C H A P T E R L X X II. suppose I consent to all you have asked, I will not that the town be THE KING OF PORTUGAL, BEING REPULSED IN IIIS ATTEMPTS TO STORM pillaged, under pretence of its wealth having been gained from the THE CASTLES OF SANTAREM, BURNS THE TOWW. 15 MARCHES TO FER adiacent country, for that would cause riots between your men and ROL IN GALICIA. ours." "Oh, no," said the bastard: "we will only carry away what is our own: but, if any of our men shall have taken or bought THE king of Portugal, on his departure from Oporto, left his queen, anything without paying, wv will not enter into any dispute on that his sister-in-law, and the city, under the guard of tihe count de Noaccount. With regard to provisions, I do not believe our men have vaire, with one hundred lances, of Portuguese and Gascons who had paid one penny since they have been here in garrison." "As for come to serve him. When the king took the field, he halted the first that," replied the marshal, "it is nothing: it is an advantage our day at the distance of only three leagues from Oporto. On the rnor men will take as well as yours: but I speak of moveables." "Sir," row, he dislodged, and marched in three battalions; but, on account answered the bastard d'Aulroy, "we have not our men under such of the infantry, which consisted of twelve thousand men, and the command but that some will transgress." Sir John Holland now baggage, he could but advance at a foot's pace. The main battalion interfered, and said: "Let them pass: what they have got belongs with the king followed, which was a thousand good spears, and in it to them: we shall not be so strict as to search their trunks." "Be were don Galois, Fernando Portelet, John Fernando Portelet, Guada. it so, then," said the marshal. loupe Fernando Portelet, and Pounass d'Acunha, sir Vasco Martin Everything was now settled, and they were to march avay on the d'Acunha, who bore the king's banner, John Radighos, Peter John morrow. The English returned to their quarters to disarm, and re- Gomez de Salnes, Joao Rodriguez de Sa, and the master of Avis, fresh themselves with what thley had brought. The Bretons em- Fernando Rodriguez de Sequeira, all great barons. The constable ployed the whole day in packing up the great plunder they had made, of Portugal commanded the rear battalion, consisting of five hundred even from Castille, for the king had abandoned the whole country to spears; with him were the count d'Angouse, the count de l'Escalle, them, which enriched prodigiously the first comers. While thus le petit Danede, Mondest Radighos, Roderigo de Valconsiaux, Ange employed, they seized from the inhabitants of Orense whatever they Salvese de Geneve, John Ansale de Popelan, all barons and knights. could conveniently lay their hands on, such as fiurs, cloth, and jewels; In this manner did the Portuguese continue their march toward and when the poor people said: "Gentlemen, this belongs to us; Santarem. They advanced by short marches, and halted every third you did not bring it hither;" they answered' " Hold your tongues, day: they also lay by the greater part of the day. Tbey arrived at ye wicked people: we have a commission fiom the kiog of Castil!e Aljubarota, where they halted for two days, and took as many in to pay ourselves. We have served you faithfully and valiantly: you going from thence to Ourem. At last they came to Santarem, and are therefore bound to increase our pay, and it is thus we take it." quartered themselves therein; for they found the town had been The next morning the marshal mounted his horse, and, attended by abandoned since the battle of Aljubarota, for fear of th'. Portuguese, about sixty lances, rode to the barriers of Orense, where he waited and the inhabitants had retired with their effects into Castille. The awhile for the Bretons. When they came, hlie asked, "Are you all castles, however, were well garrisoned with Bretons and Poitevins, ready?" "Yes," they replied: "give us our passport and escort." who had been sent thither for their defence. The king of Portugal "Whither do you wish to go?" "To Vilalpando." "It is well," was advised to attack these castles, which were situated at each end replied the marshal: " here is your escort:" and, calling to him an of the town; for he could not, in honor, pass by without attempting English knight whose name was Stephen Eastbury.,,.aid, Trake some deeds of arms: besides, as the Castillians had conquered this ten of our lances, to escort these Bretons, and retu d~to~morrow.", place fromrn the Portuguese, they wished to try if they could recover He obeyed the marshal's orders, and the Bretons marced away well them. They had brought machines of war from Oporto, for they packed and heavily laden. knew they should have need of them on their march. The king and When they were all gone, the marshal and his men entered the his army were quartered in and about Santarem, which is situated at town, where he was received with the greatest respect; for they took the entrance of Castille, on the Tagus. By means of this river, they him for the duke of Lancaster, which was the reason of their humility. could have all their provision and stores conveyed to them firom Lis. He asked some of the townsmen, "These Bretons, who are gone bon or Oporto, of which they took the advantage; for they were up. away so heavily laden, have they carried off any of your properties?" ward of thirty thousand men. "Of ours, my lord! yes, by God, a great deal." " And why did you The constable, with his division and one half of the commonalty not complain to me? I would have made them restore it." " My of Portugal, posted himself opposite the eastern castle, called la Perlord, we were afraid; for they threatened to murder us, if we said rade. The marshal with his battalion, and the other half of the comone word: they are a cursed race, for there is not one but is a thief; monalty, did the same at the opposite castle, called Callidon. Morice and how can we complain when they rob one another?" The mar- Fonchans, an able man-at-arms, and a knight from Brittany, com. shal laughed, and, having paused, demanded the principal persons of manded in la Perrade; and sir James de Mont-merle, a knight from the town. When they arrived, he made them swear to preserve the Poitou, in Callidon. They might each have with him fifty lances town of Orense in obedience to the duke and duchess of Lancaster, Fifteen days passed without anything being done: their machines in like manner to other towns in Galicia: which being done, he re- were, indeed, pointed against the walls, and cast heavy stones ten or newed the officers of the town, who took similar oaths. All being twelve times a day, but did little damage, except to the roofs of the finished, he and his company drank some wine, and returned to the towers, which they ruined; but the garrisons paid no attention to this, duke of Lancaster, who was reposing under the shade of the olive- for their lodgings were well arched: and no engine nor springall trees; for it was so very hot, neither man nor horse could withstand could hurt them with any stones they could throw. When the Porthe heat of the sun, and after eight o'clock it was impossible to go tuguese saw they had no hopes of success, they grew tired, and reabroad and forage. The greatest pleasure the duke could have re- solved to decamp and enter Galicia, to join the duke of Lancaster, ceived would have been the information, that the king of Castille which would increase their strength, and the king and duke might was on his march to offer him battle; for he was well aware he could then advise together, whither to march. When they departed from never otherwise succeed in his claim on that kingdom. Ie was Santarem, they so completely burnt the town, that there did not recontinually making inquiries how the king of Castille was employed, main a shed to put a horse in. The garrisons, seeing them depart, and he was answered: " My lord, we learn from the pilgrims who were so much rejoiced, that they sounded their trumpets, and, with come to Saint Jago, that he is not making any preparations to take other signs of joy, continued playing until the whole were out of the field, but has shut himself and his men up in garrisons. The hearing. The army marched that day for Pontferrant, in Galicia, in duke of Bourbon is not yet arrived, nor is there any intelligence re- their route to Val-Sainte-Catharine, and arrived at Ferrol, which is a eeived of his coming." The duke was advised to remain but five tolerably strong town, and in the interest of the king of Castille, and days in Orense, and then march to Zamora, and endeavor to force a they halted before it. passage over the Duoro by the bridge. The knight, on his return from escorting the Bretons to Vilalpando, was asked what were C HA P T E R L X X I I I. the n-umbers in garrison; he said, "He had heard sir Oliver du theumbersigarison;he said, "HehadhardsirOliverdu THE KING OF PORTUGAL, NOT BEING ABLE TO TAKE FERROL BY STORM, Guesclin was there, with one thousand spears, French and Bretons. GAINS IT BY AN AMBUSCADE, AND'PTS IT UNDER THE OBEDIENCE O mA~INS IT BY AN AMBUSCADE, AND'PUTS IT UN1)ER THE OBEDIENCE OF "It will be a good thing, my lord," said the constable and sir Thomas THE DUKE OF LANCASTER. 1-1 ~~~~~~~~~THE DUKE OF LANCASTER. Percy, " if we go thither and skirnish with them. Perhaps they may come out, and accept our challenge, for some of them are very im- THE king of Portugal and his army found a plentiful country at patient to signalize themselves." "I agree to it," replied the duke; Ferrol, which they surrounded; and the constable and marshal said, let us dialodge and march hence, for we can gain nothing by stay.- they would storm it, as it was to be taken. They were two days, ing longer here." Orders for decampment on the morrow were however, without making any attempt, for they expected that it issued: and for the army to march toward Vilalpando, and then to would surrender without an assault, but they were rmistaken; for Zamora. there were in it some Brotons and Burgundians, who said they would We will now say something of the king of Portugal, and what befel defend it to the last. The machines were brought forth on the third him on his entrance into Castille to form a junction with the duke day, and the marshal's trumpets sounded for the attack, when all of Lancaster made themselves ready, and advanced to the walls. The men-at. arms in Ferrol hearing the trumpets, knew that they should be stormed, and made preparations accordingly. They armed themselves, and all men capable of defence, and ordered the women to gather and bring to them stones, to throw down on the enemy. You must know, 436 CJH I~i' NICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. that the womten in Galicia and CGa-tille are of good courage to de- Tristan de la Jailte, sir Reginald de Roye, sir William de Montigny, fend themselves, and equally useful as the men. The Portuguese and many other knights and squires were in garrison. When the. marched in handsome array to the ditches, which, though deep, were duke came within sight of the castle, the marshal said, "There is dry, and merrily entered them. They began to ascend the opposite Noya: if Corufia be one of the keys of Galicia toward the sea, tihe bank with much courage, but were sorely treated, unless well shielded, castle of Noya is another toward Castille; and whoever wishes to be by those of the town, who, from the walls, cast down on them stones lord of Castille must be master of those two places. Let us march and other things, that wounded and killed several, and forced them thither, for they tell me that Barrois des Barres, one of the ablest capto retreat whether they would or not. There was much throwing tains of France, is within it, and let us have some skirmishing with of darts on both sides; and thus lasted the attack until eight o'clock, the garrison at the end of the bridge." "We are willing to do so," when the day became exceedingly hot, without the least wind or said sir Maubrun de Linieres and sir John d'Amnbreticourt, who were breeze, insomuch that those in the ditches thought they should be riding by his side. The van battalion now advanced, consisting of burnt: this heat was so excessive, that the attack was put an end to, five hundred men-at-arms, for the duke was ds ir:3zs of making a though the machines cast stones into the town merely for the chance good appearance to those within the castle; and he knew also that of success. The Portuguese retired to refresh themselves, and attend his marshals would offer to skirmish, should they find any to accept to the wounded. The marshal resolved not to renew the attack but their challenge. The watch on the castle, seeing the van of the by his machines, for otherwise it would cost too many lives; and to English approach, began to sound his horn so agreeably, it was a skirmish at the barriers, to amuse the young knights, and enure them pleasure to hear him. to deeds of arms. This being settled, there were, almost daily, skir- Le Barrois and his companions, to the amount of one hundred men. mishes at the barriers; and these within the town were accustomed at-arms, hearing that the English were at hand, armed themselves, to post themselves without the gates, between them and the barriers, and, in good array, advanced to the barriers, where they drew up the better to engage their enemies. under twelve pennons. Sir John des Barres, being the most re. Sir Alvarez Pereira, the marshal of Portugal, who was subtle, and nowned, was the mommander-in-chief, and next to him, sir John de had been long used to arms, observing this conduct, planned upon it Chttelmorant. When sir Thomas Moreaux, the marshal of the army, an ambuscade. Opening himself to don Juan Fernando, he said, found himself near the place, he halted, and, having dismounted as "I see these soldiers, when skirmishing, sometimes venture beyond well as his companions, they gave their horses to the pages and serthe gates: I have formed a plan, which, if you will assist me to exe- vants, and marched in a compact body, each knight and squire with cute, I think we may discomfit them. I propose that we form an his spear in hand, toward the barriers: every six paces they halted, ambuscade, as near the barriers as possible, of five or six hundred to dress themselves without opening their ranks. To say the truth, men, well mounted, and then commence a skirmish, as usual, but in it was a beautiful sight. When they were come as far as they no great number; and retreat by degrees, the moment they seem wished, they halted for a short time, and then advanced their front willing to pass their barriers, which I think tat, avarice and eager. to begin the action. They were gallantlyreceived; and, I believe, ness will induce them to do. We must then turn.out and attack had the two parties been in the plain, many more bold actions would them lustily, and the ambuscade will gallop between them and the have taken place than it was possible to find an opportunity for where gates. The garrison will now be alarmed, and hasten to order the they were; for the barriers being closely shut, prevented them from gates to be opened, and whether they will or not, we shall enter the touching each other. The marshal hit sir John de Ch.telmorant with place with thran. But should the townsmen refuse to open the gates, his lance, as did sir John the marshal; for each was eager to hurt all those who are without must be our prisoners." "It is well im- the other, but from the strength of their armor, they could not. Sir agined," replied don Juan. "Well," said the marshal, "do you Thomas Percttaceked Barrois des Barres; Maubrun de Linieres, command one party, and I will take the other. You, sir Martin de sir William deilontigny; sir John d'Ambreticourt, sir Reginald de Mello, and Pounass d'Acunha, shall have the ambuscade, and I Roye; the lord Talbot, sir Tristan de la Jaille; so every man had will skirmish, as that is part of my office." This plan was adopted, his match: and when they were fatigued or heated they retired, and and five hundred men, well armed and mounted, were chosen to form other fresh knights and squires renewed the skirmish. This was the ambuscade. continued until past eight o'clock: indeed, it was twelve before it For three days there had not been any skirmishing, to the surprise was entirely over. The archers next came to the barriers; but the of the garrison, who said to the inhabitants: "See, wicked people knights withdrew, for fear of the arrows, and ordered their cross-bows as ye are, ye wanted to surrender to the king of Portugal without and Castillians to oppose them, which they did until noon, when the striking a blow, and would have done so, if we had not been here lusty varlets continued the skirmish until sunset, and the knights then to defend the honor of your town; this we have so successfully done, returned fresh and vigorous to renew it. that the king of Portugal is on the eve of his departure, without hay- Thus was the day employed until night, when the English retired ing effected anything." to their quarters, and the knights into the castle, where they kept a On the fourth day, according to what had been laid down, the good guard. The English were quartered about half a league from marshal advanced to the skirmish with but few followers: the great Noya, on the banks of the river, which was very welcome to them amrnbuscade remained behind. The Bretons, eager to make rich and their horses, for they had great difficulty in procuring water on prisoners, having ahlready captured six, seeing the Portuguese at the their march. They intended to remain there five or six days, and barriers, had the gates opened, which they left unfastened, in case of then march to Vilalpando, and look at the constable of Castille and failure (for they had no great dependence on the townsmen,) and the the French there in garrison. They had also heard from the king wicket wide open, and sallied forth to skirmish with darts and lances, of Portugal, who was encamped in the plains of Ferrol, and intended_ as is usual in such combats. The marshal, when he saw the time marching for the town of Padron,? in Galicia, which was in the line of was come, made his men wheel, and act as if they were tired, re- march of the English; and I believe the king and duke were to treating by degrees. Those within the place, observing this, and meet in this town, to confer together on the state of affairs, and de. thinking they should make prisoners of them all, opened the whole termine on a plan for carrying on the war. They had already been of the barriers, sallied forth, and, falling on the Portuguese, captured one month in the enemy's country, and had conquered all Galicia, five-and-twenty. In the struggle and pursuit, the Bretons never except one or two places, without having any intelligence of the king thought of closing the barriers; and the marshal now made his sig- of Castille or the French, wlich greatly surprised them; for they nal for the ambuscade to advance, which it did full gallop, and, by had heard that the king of Castille had issued his summons firom getting between the Bretons and the place, made themselves masters Burgos, where he resided, to all parts of Castille, Seville, Cordova, of the barriers. The French and Bretons now hastened to rednter Toledo, Leon, Valladolid, Soria, and had collected sixty thousand the gates, but it was of no avail, for the Portuguese entered with them; men, not including six thousand men-at-arms from France. The and thus was the town won. Very few were slain, and the soldiers duke of Bourbon was likewise daily expected, for he had quitted in garrison were made prisoners, except ten or twelve, who escaped Paris. by a postern gate, and went to Vilalpando, where sir Oliver du Gues- It was for this reason the English and Portuguese wanted to unite clin was in garrison, with one thousand French lances at least, and their armies, to be in greater force, and' better enabled to meet the these runaways related to him how Ferrol had been lost. In this enemy; for they believed all that had been told them respecting the manner was the town won by the Portuguese, and put under the French and Castillians as true, and outwardly showed much joy obedience of the duke of Lancaster, for whom they made war, thereat. They would willingly have encountered their enemies, for The king of Portugal'was much pleased at the success of his men, they were convinced they could never bring their dispute to any and instantly sent intelligence of it to the duke, adding, he had greatly decision without a battle. increased his inheritance by the capture of a town; and that he and Sir William de Lignac and sir Walter de Passac were always about his army were desirous and active to conquer the rest. the king's person, and accompanied him wherever he went; for they had two or three times a week intelligence from France of what was going on, and likewise from the duke of Bourbon. They were C H A P T E ft LX V xx i vwaiting for him, as he had begun his journey by way of Avignon, to visit the pope and cardinals; and would not therefore offer combat TIEE ARMrnY OF THEI i)USE OF LANCASTER CO ES BEFORE NOTA TN eALIcrA. during his absence, nor would it have been becoming them so to do. THE ENGLiSH ARE RECEIVED, AT THE BARRIERS, BY BARROIS DES BARRES Among the news they had from France, the most surprising was the AND HIS COMPANIONS. ) account of the duke of Brittany's arrest and confinement of the con. THE duke of Lancaster was much rejoiced at the news from the stable in the castle of Ermine, until he ransomed linseif, by paying king of Portugal: he had left Orense, and was on his march toward Pmmdrea i siumated oi mie river tlls, fear leagues to tie soumhward of Saint Jago Noya, where le Barrois des Barres, sir John de Chatelmorant, sir it was formerly a bishmopic, but is now transferremd to Sainit Jags. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAN{D, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 437 lown one hundred thousand francs and the surrender o!;hrce castles wanted; for he said he had been at the parliament at Vannes, with and a town, by which the intended invasion of England was pre. his cousin the lord d'Ancenis, a powerful baron in Brittany. In the vented. They were greatly astonished, and could not imagine what same manner is sir Espaign du Lyon told me all that passed in Foix, the duke of Brittany meant by it: they however supposed that hlie B~arn, and Gascony, and as don Juan Fernando Portelet the events must have been instigated thereto by the council of England. in Castille and Portugal, did the gallant knight converse with me, and would have continued it longer, had I rode farther in his company. We had advanced four long leagues between Montlihargne and C H A P T ER L~x x v~. Preuilly, riding at a gentle pace, when he told me many things on the road respecting Brittany, which I treasured up in my memory. THUE KING OF FRANCE SENDS SOME OF HtIS NOBLES TO DEAND FROM THE As we were thus riding, we entered a meadow near to Preuilly, when DUKE OF BRITTANY THE REASON OF THE INSULT OFFERED HIM IN THE he dismounted, and said; "Ah, may God keep the soul of the good PERSON OF HIS CONSTABLE. constable of France; for he had, on this spot, a most honorable corn. THE court of France, more particularly the king's uncles, and the bat, and greatly profitable to the country; but he was not then con. principal lords, were much distressed by the defiance that was sent stable, and served under the banner of sir John de Bueil, on his return by the duke of Gueldres; for it was outrageous and rude, and not from the expedition into Spain." "Pray have the goodness to relate in the common style of such challenges, as I shall explain when I it to me." " I will," said he; " but let us remount our horses." We mention the particulars. They were likewise much vexed at the late did so, and, continuing our journey, he thus began: conduct of the duke of Brittany, which had broken up the expedi- "In the time I am speaking of, this country was quite filled with tion to England by the imprisonment of its leader. This had been English, and thieves from Gascony, Brittany, Germany: adventugreatly prejudicial to the king, nor could they discover any cause he rers from all nations had fixed their quarters on both sides of the Loire, had to assign for such conduct. The king did not pay such attention for the war between England and France was renewed. A party of to these matters, which, considering his youth, was not to be won- them had fortified themselves in the castle of Beaufort en Vall6e; dered at, as if he had been of more advanced years; for some of the which you have seen, and supported themselves by plundering the lords, who remembered former times, said, "That by a similar act country all round it. But to come to the immediate object of my the kingdom had been much agitated, when the king of Navarre as- story: some English and Gascons had possessed themselves of Preusassinated sir Charles d'Espaign, who at the time was constable of illy, and strengthened it so much, that none attempted to dislodge France, for which king John could never afterwards bear the king them: they had also some other smaller forts near; and when they of Navarre, and had ldeprived him, as far as he was,ble, of all his made any excursions, they could assemble between eight hundred possessions in Normandly." "Do you suppose," said others, "that and a thousand combatants. if king Charles, the father of our king, were now alive, who loved "The constable, sir Bertrand du Guesclin, sir John de Bucil, the so much the constable, he would not have made the duke pay dearly lord de Mailly, and other knights, determined to deliver the country for this insult? By my faith would he, and instantly have declared from these people, and collected about five hundred spears. They war against him, and, cost what it would, have driven him out of his learnt that the English intended marching toward Saumer; that all duchy." Thus was the matter discussed through France, where all the captains of the different forts were to unite their forces; and that agreed that he had acted very ill. The king and his uncles, to pacify the place of meeting was Preuilly, which you see before us. Our the people, who were much dissatisfied, and to inquire into the men, having crossed the river, placed themselves in ambuscade, in grounds of this business, resolved to send a prelate, and three able the wood below us, on the right hand. The enemy left Preuilly at and prudent barons, to hear the duke's reasons, and to summon himn sunrise, to the amount of ninehundred fighting men: and when our to Paris, or wherever else the king might please, to make proper party in ambush saw them advancing, they knew a combat to be inexcuses for his conduct. Sir Milon de Dormans, bishop of Beauvais, evitable. They held a council on what should be their cry, and was nominated as principal: he was a most able man, of great elo- were desirous it should be'Sir Bertrand!' but he would not consent, quence, and was to be accompanied by sir John de Vienne, sir John and declared he would not display either banner or pennon, but be de Bueil, and the lord de la Riviere, who had received full instrue- under that of sir John de Buell. Our enemies entered the mead, lions what they were to say; but to be the more particularly in- where we just now dismounted, and they had scarcely done so befoe formed of what had passed, the bishop of Beauvais went to Montl6- our men sallied out of their ambush to meet them. On seeing us, hery, the residence of the constable, to learn from him the most being of good courage, they drew themselves up in handsome order. minute details. This town and castle, with its dependencies, had We did the same, and both parties advanced to the combat, which been given to him and to his heirs by king Charles. The bishop, during instantly commenced with such thrusting of lances, that niany' were this visit, was seized with an illness that forced him to keep his bed, thrown down on each side. It lasted a considerable time without and after fifteen days' struggle against the fever, it carried him off, either giving way; but, to say the truth, we were all picked men, so very severe-was the attack. The bishop of Langres was nomi- and with the enemy were numbers badly armed and plunderers. nated in the place of the bishop of Beauvais, who set out, with the They gave us, however, full employment; but sir Morice Trisequedy, before-mentioned barons, for Brittany. sir Geoffiry Ricon, sir Geoffry Kerimel, and Morfonace, joining sir Bertrand du Guesclin, full gallop, reinforced us with sixty good spears, whom they brought with them, and, attacking the English on horse. CHAPTER LXXVI. back, threw them into a confusion they never could recover. The leaders of these pillagers, perceiving the event was likely to turn out ROISSART MENTLONS THE LERSON FROM WHOM HK E LEARSNT TIE ARREST unfavorable to them, mounted their horses, but not all; tor seven lay OF THE CONSTABLE DR CLISSON; wUo LIKEWISE INFORMS HIM THAT dead on the field, with three hundred of their men. The pursuit SIR BERTRAND DU GESCIN OUGT T BE CALLED DU LY-AqUIN. lasted as far as St. Maur, where sir Robert Cheney, Robert lervey, I MAY, perhaps, be asked, how I became acquainted with the Richard Giles, and James Clerk, got into a boat, and saved themevents in this history, to speak so circumstantially about them. I selves by crossing the Loire. They made for four castles the English reply to those who shall do so, that I have, with great attention and had on that side the river, wherein they did not long remain, but diligence, sought in divers kingdoms and countries for the facts which hastened for Auvergne and Limousin, as they fancied the constable have been, or may hereafter be, mentioned in it: for God has given was still at their heels. me grace and opportunities to see, and make acquaintance with the "By this defeat, my good master, was all this country delivered greater part of the principal lords of France and England. It should from pillagers, and never since that time have any English or others be known, that in the year 1390, I had labored at this history thirty- established themselves here. I therefore say, that constable Bertrand seven years, and at that time I was fif'ty-seven years old: a man was a gallant man, and of great honor and advantage to France, for may, therefore, learn much iit such a period, when he is in his vigor, lie regained large tracts of territory friom her enemies." " By my and well-received by all parties. During my youth, I was five years faith, sir, you say truly: he was indeed a very valiant man, and so attached to the king and queen of England, and kindly entertained is sir Oliver du Guesclin." On my naming him du Guesclin, the in the household of king John of France and king Charles his son. knight laughed; and I said," Sir, what do you laugh at?" "Because I was, in consequence, enabled to hear much during those times; you call him du Guesclin, which is not his proper name, nor ever was, and, for certain, the greatest pleasure I have ever had, was to make although he is generally so called, even by us who come from Britevery possible inquiry, in regard to what was passing in the world, tany. Sir Bertrand was during his lifetime desirous to alter this, but and then to write down all that I had learnt. could not; for this word is more naturally pronounced than the one I will now say from whence I heard of the arrest of the constable, he wished to substitute for it." " Pray, sir," said I," have the kindand the consequences that followed. I was riding about the time ness to tell me if there be any great difference between them." "No, this passed, or perhaps a year after, friom Angers to Tours, and 1I td God help me: the only difference is Glay-aquin imstend of Glesouin, slept at Beaufort en Vallhe.'; On the morrow I overtook a knigtt or Guesclin. I will tell yomm whence this surname is derived, accordfrom Brittany, called sir William d'Ancenis, who was going to visit ing to what I have heard the old people im Brittany say, amid it i madame de Maille in Touraine, who was his cousin, as she had lately certainly true, for you may fimd it written in the old chroncieles of become a widow. I made acquaintance with the knight, for he was Brittany." This speech gave roe great pleasure, and I replhied; "Sir, courteous and obliging in speech, and inquired the news front hint I shall think myself much obliged by your so doing; and what you more particularly about the imprisonmemit of the constable, the truth say shall not be forgotten, for air Bertrind du (oucsclii was so re. of which I was eager to know. He gave me the information I nowned a knight, that his reputation ogiht th be agmntod by every ttununufant en~ Vatt~i —,ar Besafemn Ia Yule, a tewi of Aajlu, ao the river Autien, possible meaens." " "That is true," said tme kunimht, and b'l:s began: Ifix l~eaues thmom Amngers, sixteen from Toura. " In the reign of Charlemagne, that great cooqueciom', h1o added 438 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. so much to Christendom and France; for he was the emperor of continued their journey until they came to Nantes, where they in. Rome as well as king of France and Germany; and whose body lies quired the residence of the duke. They were told, that he chiefly now at Aix-la-ChapelL.e; this king Charles, as is seen in the ancient resided at or near Vannes in preference to any other place. They chronicles (for you know that all the knowledge we possess in this left Nantes, and did not stop until they arrived at Vannes, aits it is world we owe to writing, and upon no other foundation can we depend only twenty leagues distant, and dismounted in the town, for the for truth but on what is contained in approved books,) was several duke lived in the castle called La Motte. When they had equipped times in Spain, where he once remained for nine years without re- themselves in a manner becoming their rank, they waited on him, turning to Franice, but conquering all before him. At this time there who received them outwardly with much affection. The bishop of was a pagan king, called Aquin, who reigned over Bugia and Bar. Langres, being a prelate, was the spokesman, and harangued in a bary, that lie opposite to Spain. The kingdom of Spain was very handsome manner, in the presence of his two companions, sir John considerable, if you follow its coasts from St. Jean du Pied des Ports, de Vienne and sir John de Beuil, saying, " Lord duke, we are sent for it then contained all Arragon, Navarre, Biscay, Oporto, Coimbra, hither by the king our sovereign, and by my lords his uncles, the Lisbon, Seville, Cordova, Toledo, and Leon, and these formerly were dukes of Berry and Burgu..dy, to say they are wondrously surprised conquered by this great king. During his long residence in Spain, you should have prevented the invasion of England from taking place, Aquin, king of Bugia and Barbary, assembled an army and embarked when on the point of sailing, and have ransomed the constable of bfor Brittany, where he landed at the port of Vannes. He brought his France for such an immense sum, besides seizing three of his castles wife and children with him, and, having established himself and his in Brittany and the town of Jugon,* which, should they turn against army in the country, proceeded to make further conquests. King the country, may seriously injure it. We are, therefore, charged to Charles was duly informed of what was passing in Brittany; but he order you, on the part of our sovereign lord the king, and of our would not let it interfere with his present undertaking, saying;' Let lords his uncles, to restore sir Oliver de Clisson, constable of France, him establish himself in Brittany: it will not be difficult for us to free those parts of his inheritance you now withhold from him, and give the country from him and his people; but we will first complete the him peaceable possession thereof, according to justice, in the same conquest of this country, and submit it to the Christian faith. This condition they were in before they were surrendered up to you through king, Aquin, built a handsome tower on the sea-shore near to Vannes, constraint, and not according to any just claim you had upon them, called the Glay, wherein he took pleasure to reside. When Charle- and also the sum of money you have received, wholly and folly, magne had accomplished his expedition to Spain by the delivery of wherever he shall be pleased to have it paid. The king and his Galicia and other provinces firom the Saracens, whose kings he had council likewise summon you to appear at Paris, or wherever else slain, aid, by driving out the infidels, had brought the whole kingdom they may direct, to excuse: yourself for what you have done. The under the Christian faith; he sailed for Brittany, and gave battle to king is so good-tempered and forbearing, that, from ties of blood, he king Aquin and his adherents, with such success that the greater part will readily listen to your ex uses. Should they not be quite satis. of the infidels were killed, and king Aquin forced to fly, in a vessel factory, our lords, the dukes o.' Berry and Burgundy, will so fashion that lay-ready prepared for him at the foot of the tower of Glay. He them to the utmost of their abilities, and by entreaties or otherwise was so hard pressed by the French, he could only embark himself, manage the matter so that you shall remain friend and cousin to the his wife, and some of his family, and in the hurry forgot a young king, as it is reasonable you should be." child, of about a year old, that was asleep in the tower. The king The bishop, turning to sir John de Vienne, said, " Do you agree ha-ing escaped, this child was brought to Charlemargne, who was in my sentiments?. Yes, sir," he replied. Sir John de Beuil much pleased with him, and had himn baptized. Roland and Oliver made a similar answer: when this passed, there were but these font were his godfathers at the font, and the emperor gave him handsome in the apartment. The duke, having heard the bishop, was very presents and the lands his father had won in Brittany. This child, thoughtful, and not without reason, for the words were so clear they when grown up, was a valiant knight, and called Oliver du Glay. required no expounding. At length he said, "Sir, I have well heard aquin, because he had been found in the tower of Glay, and was the what you had to say: it was proper I should do so, as you come from son of king Aquin. my sovereign lord the king of France, and my lords his uncles. I "Such was the foundation of the family of sir Bertrand du Gues- am therefore bounden to pay you, as coming from them, every honoe clin, which, as you see, ought to be called du Glay-aquin. Sir Ber- and respect, and am willing to do so. What you have said, how. trand was used to say, that when he should have expelled don Pedro ever, demands consideration; and I shall take the advice of my fron Spain and crowned don Henry de Transtamare, he would go to council, that I may give you such an answer as may please you, fos Bugia, as he should have only the sea to cross, and demand his in. I would not act otherwise. " You say well," replied the embassa.hesitance: and would undoubtedly have executed it; for don Henry dors, "and we are satisfied." They then took leave, and returned would gladly have supplied him with men and ships; but the prince to their hotel. Toward evening, they received an invitation from of Wales, by bringing back and replacing don Pedro on ithe throne the duke to dine with him on the morrow, which they accepted. of Castille, put an end to it. Sir Bertrand was made prisoner by sir The next day they went to the castle, where they found the duke John Chandos, at the famous battle of Najarra, and ransomed for one and his knights, who received them magnificently. Shortly after hundred thousand francs. He had been before ransomed by the their arrival, basins and ewers were brought, for them to wash before same knight, and for the like sum, at the battle of Auray. The re.- they sat down to table. The bishop of Langres, in respect to his newal of the war between England and France put an effectual stop prelacy, was seated above all the company: next to him was the to this African expedition, and gave him so much employment that duke, then sir John de Vienne and sir John de Beuil. The dinner he could not attend to anything else. He was, nevertheless, the direct was very splendid, sumptuous, and well served: when it was over, issue from king Aquin, who reigned over Bugia and Barbary. Thus they entered into the presence-chamber, where they conversed on have I traced to you the descent of sir Bertrand du Guesclin." "That different subjects, and amused themselves in hearing the minstrels. is true," replied I, "and I am very thankful to you for it, which I The lords from France thought they should have then received will not forget." As I said this, we arrived at Preuilly.E their answer, but were disappointed. Wine and spices were brought, which having partaken of, they retired to their hotels, and remained the whole evening comfortably at home. On the ensuing morning, C HAPTER LXXVII. it was signified to them that the duke wished to see them at the castle, whither they went; and, being introduced to the apartment ASADORS FROM TE ING OF FRANCE WAIT ON TE DUKE OF BIT- where the duke was, he received them kindly, and thus spoke: TANY RESPECTING THE ARREST OF HIS CONSTABLE. THE DUKE, HAVING "i My fair sirs, I know you are anxious for an answer to what you HEARD THEM, GtVES THEMI HIS ANSWER. have been charged to tell me from my sovereign and other lords, IF I could have been as long with sir William d'Ancenis as I was that you may report it to them: I therefore declare, that I have done with sir Espaign du Lyon, when we travelled together from Pamiers nothing to sir Oliver de Clisson that I repent of, except that he has to Olrthes in Bdarn, or with sir Juan Fernando Portelet, he would escaped too cheaply and with his life: this I spared solely on account have told me many interesting things: but it could not be; for, soon of his office, and not in any manner out of personal regard; for he after dinner, we came to two roads; one leading to Tours, whither has behaved so very ill to me, in several instances, that I hate him I was bound, and the other to Mailly, which he was to follow. Here mortally; and, begging my sovereign's and their graces' pardon, I then we took leave of each other, and separated; but on our road have not prevented the expedition to England taking place by the from Preuilly, before our separation, he told me many things about arrest of the constable. Of this I am willing and able to exculpate the bishop of Langres, who had succeeded the bishop of Beauvais myself; for the day I had him arrested, I was thinking no harm in the embassy to the duke of Brittany with sir John de Beuil, and against it:t it is proper to take advantage of an enemy wherever it the answer they received from the duke. Upon the authority of may be found. If he had been slain, I believe the kingdom of what tire knight said, I have written as follows: France would not have been the worse governed for having lost the The en-ibassoadors, having taken leave of the king and council, supposed benefit of his counsel. With regard to the castles he sur. rendered to me, and of which I am in possession, I shall keep them Ttte,igih reputation of Bertrand du (luesclin gave rise to many false reports of Itis entil the meing by force dicpossesses me of them. As to the money, rigitn: tie above is one. To detet tliis, it is only necessary to state. 1st, There never was a prince in Brittany of the name ofAquin. 2ndly, Charlemagne conquersd thlt I reply, that from the hatred of sir Oliver de Clisson, I have incurred provintce by Isa lieutenants, and aas never there in person. 3rdly, That the original name of the house of di Guesctlin was not Gliy-aqcuin, but Guarplic, a compoald of * Jugon musl have been a place of coasiderable consequence, for I believe these is an two Breton words, Gwar aid Plic, wthich signifies a creek, and describes the situation of otd proverb the old ca:stle du Guarplic. that was built on a creek, or gulf, in Concale bay, in the "Qui a Bretagne sans Jugon iwsrish of' Saait Coulomb, diocese of D4I. A un chappe sans chaperon." For further narticulars. see l'Histoire de Ia Brxtaene.' The original runs, "nul seal je n'y pennoye." CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 439 debts in this and other countries, and have from this sum repaid those up to the earl of Oxford, he said,'What, sir Aubrey,* are );ou dis. to whom I was indebted." Such was the answer the duke of Brit- pleased that I drank first, who am the constable of this country? I tany gave to the embassadors from the king of France. Many de- may well drink and take precedence before you, since my most re. bates ensued, to induce the duke to send a more moderate answer; nowned sovereign, the king of England, and my lords, the princes, but his replies were always to the same effect as what he had before assent to it. True it is, that you were at the battle of Poitiers; but spoken. When they found they could not obtain anything more, all now present do not know the cause of it so well as I do: I will they desired to takle their leave, which being granted, they prepared declare it, that they may remember it. When my lord, the prince, for their departure, and journeyed until they arrived at Paris; thence had finished his journey to Languedoc, Carcassone and Narbonne, they went to the castle of Beaut6, near Vincennes, where the king and was returned to this city of Bordeaux, you took it into your head and queenr resided. The dukes of Berry and Burgundy soon followed that you would return to England; but what did the king say to you themrn, as they were impatient to hear the duke of Brittany's answer, I know it well, though I was not present. He asked, if you had ac which as you have heard I will not repeat. But as those sent into complished your service; and, afterwards, what you had done with Brittany had not succeeded in any one point, the king and council his son. You replied, " Sir, I left him iii good health at Bordeaux." were greatly displeased with the duke, and said he was the proudest "What!" said the king, "and have you been bold enough to come and most presumptuous man alive, and that matters should not re- hither without him? Did I not strictly enjoin you, and the others main as they were; for the consequences would be too prejudicial who accompanied him, never to return without him, under the for. and disgraceful to the crown of France. It was fully the intention feiture of your lands? and yet you have dared to disobey my cornof the king and his council to make war on the duke of Brittany. mands. I now positively order you to quit my kingdom within four The duke expected nothing less: for he knew he had angered the days and return to the prince; for if you be found on the fifth day, king of France as well as those of his council; but his hatred against you shall lose your life and estates." You were afraid to hazard dis. the constable was so deep, it deprived him of the use of his reason; obedience, as was natural, and left England. You were so fortunate, and he sorely repented that, when in his power, he had not put him that you joined the prince four days before the battle of Poitiers, and to death.'Things remained in this state a considerable time. The had, that day, the command of forty lances, while I had sixty. Now, duke resided at Vannes, but seldom went abroad for fear of ambus- consider if I, who am constable of Aquitaine, have not the right to eades: he paid great court to the principal cities and towns in the take precedence, and drink before you do.' The earl of Oxford duchy, and made secret treaties with the English: he also garrisoned was much ashamed, and would have willingly been anywhere but his strong places the same as in times of war. His opinion continu. there. He was forced, however, to bear with what sir John Chandos ally varied, as to what had passed: sonmetimes he said, he wished he said, who spoke aloud that al' might hear him." "After this," said had not arrested the constable; at others, to excuse himself, he de- another knight, " we ought not to be surprised that the duke of Iredared that Clisson had so grievously insulted hinm, he had good rea- land, who is the son of this earl of Oxford, is not more considerate, son for what he had done. This conduct had caused him to be and does not keep in his memory what may be told him of his father, feared in the country; for the lord hath small authority who is not instead of ruling the whole kingdom of England, and setting himself feared by his subjects;* for whenever hlie pleases he may be at peace above the king's uncles." "And why should he not do so," replied with them. others, " since the king wills it?" We will now leave the duke of Brittany, and return to the affairs There were great murmurings throughout England against the duke of England, which, at this moment, were in a troubled and danger- of Ireland; but what injured him the most was his conduct to his ous state, duchess, the lady Philippa, daughter of the lord de Coucy, earl of Bedford, who was a handsome and noble lady, and of the highest ex. C ~H A P T ER LXX III~. ~ traction. He fell in love with a German lady, one of the attendants C HAP T ER LX XV I II. of the present queen; and, by his solicitations at the court of Rome, MIIE. DUltES OF YoasC AND eLOUcESTER, UNCLES TO THE KING, CONFEDE- pope Urban VI. granted him a divorce from the lady Philippa, withRATE, WITIt OTHER BARONS, AGAINST HIMiI AND HIS COUNCIL. THE PEO- out any title of justice, but through presumption and indifference. PLE &RE DISCONTENTED WITHI THE DUIKE OF IRELAND. THE LONDONERS, When he married this lady, king Richard consented thereto; for ha TuarouGI TI1E MEANS OF THE DUIKE OF GLOUCESaTER AND HiS FRIENDS, was so blinded by the duke of Ireland that, if he had declared that OBTAIN FROM THE KING, THAT A DAY SHOULD BE FIXED FOR THIOSE black was white, the kirng would not have said to the contrary. The wvho HAD MANAGED THE FINANCES TO RRNDER AN ACCOUNT OF THEMr. mother of the duke was mightily enraged with him for this conduct, You have before heard, that the dukes of York and Gloucester had and took the lord de Coucy's daughter to her home and made her her confederated with the earl of Salisbury, the earl of Arundel, the earl own companion. The duke certainly acted ill, and evil betel him of Northumber' esd, the htedall EfNotnglaandtharbiopo of Northumberland, tse earl of Nottingham, and the archbishop of for it, as this was one of the principal causes of the hatred all England Canterbury, against the king and his council, with whom they were bore him.f Itis but just that what is conceived in evil should have very much dissatisfied. They said, " This duke of Ireland doth with an unfortunate end; and this duke confided so much in the affection the king and the realm as he pleases: the king has only base knaves f t king, he thought no one would dare to injurehim. about his person, without any regard to noblemen; and as long as It was reported through England, that a new tax was to be levied hlie attends to no othler advice than that of those now near him, things on every fire, and that each was to pay a noble, the rich making up cannot go on well; for no kingdom can prosper when governed by for the deficiencies of the poor. The king's uncles knew this would wickedi men. It is well known, that when a poor person is exalted be difficult to bring about; and they had caused it to be spread in the and supported by his lord, he corrupts the people, and destroys the principal towns how greatly the inhabitants would be oppressed by dluntry: for what can a base-born man. feel of honor? his sole wish such taxes, and that, as there must remain great sums in the treasury, is to enrich himself: just like the otter,.who, on entering a pond, de- the people ought to insist on having an account of their expenditure yours all the fish therein. Whence comes it that this duke of Ireland from those who had the management, such as the archbishop of York, hath such power over the king, (we know his origin) and governeth the duke of Ireland, sir Simon Burley, sir Michael de ha Pole, sir all England at his pleasure, while the king's uncles are disregarded? Nicholas Bramber, sir Robert Tresilian, sir Peter Gouloufre, sir John Such conduct is no longer to be suffered. We are not ignorant who Salisbuy, sirohn Beauchamp, and the master of the wool-staple;, the earl of Oxford was, and that in this country hlie had not one good and, if these would render an honest account, there would be found quality, either of sense, honor or gentility allowed him." "Sir John money enough for the present demands of the kingdom. It is a wel Chandos," added a knighlt, "made him feel this very sharply once, known maxim, that no one pays willingly, or takes money from his at the palace of the prince of Wales, at St. Andrews, in Bordeaux." purse, if he can avoid it. These rumors were soon spread through"(How so?" demanded another, who wished to know the particulars. out England, and especially in London, which is the chief key of the. "'I will tell you," replied the knight,1 "for I was present. Wine realm, so that the people rose in rebellion, to inquire into the governwas serving round to the prince of Wales and a large party of Eng- ment of the country, for that there had not for some time been any.. lish lords, in an apartment of his palace; and, when the prince had thing known concerning it. drunk, the cup was carried to sir John Chandos, as constable of The Londoners first addressed themselves to Thomas of Wood.. Aquitaine, who toolk it and drank, without paying any attention to stock, duke of Gloucester, though hie was younger than the duke of -he earl of Oxford, father to this duke of Ireland, or desiring him to York; for he was much beloved for his valor, prudence, and steadi. dritlk firut. ~~~~~~~~~ness in busin~ess. Wihen they were in his presence, they said, "My~ drink first. After sir Johl Chandos had drunk, one of his squires pre- ness in business. When they were in his presence, they said, My sented the wine to the earl of Oxford; but, indignant that Chandos lord, the good city of London recommends itself to your care; and had drunk before him, he refused it, and said, by way of mockery, to its citizens, as well as all England, entreat you would take upon you: the squire who was holding the cup,' Go, carry it to thy master, *This arltofOif' me was Thomas. Si Alberic d,'/se wsvhis brother. He Chandos: let him drink.' IWhy should I go to him? for he has was employed in different negotiations by Richard II. drunk. Drink yourself, since it is offered you: for, by St. George, if Robert was the son an6. heir of Thomas, the last earl of OAfors and created duke oft you do not, I will throw it in your face.' The earl, afr'aid lest the Ireland. - - -A - C_ ~I 1 Treland. See Dugdsle'sBa.ronage. squire should execute what he had said, for he was bold enough to Walsiaghani, spsakisg of this transaction says: "Areidit Iis Lmiss. ut Robertia. do so, took the cup and put it to his mouth and drank, or at least pre. Vere, elatus de hoisoribus nuos rox impendebat eislem juegiser, suans repud'sret uxorem tended to drinkl. Sir John Chandos was not far off, arid heard and juvenculam, nobilem, atque pulcitram, genitam de illustris Edwardi regis fil;e Isabella, saw the whole, and his squire, while the prince was in conversation et aliame duceret, qu caum regina Anna veneret de Boemia (ut tisbtur) cujus.ism Celwith others, came and told him what had passed. Sir John Chan- taril ain, igeobiem prerses atqee tsdam: sib qoam cism megan surrepsit rwcasio.. ocandalorsum (caius nommesi erat in vulgaria idiomate ILancecrona.) Favebat sibi.s his. ~tos took no notice of it until the prince had retired, when, stepping omnibus ipse rex, nolens ipsum in aliquos contristare, vel potios (prout dicitur) non va1n~. ~uis votis aliqualiter obviare, qni tamaleficiis cujusdam fratris (qui curn dicto Roberto fuatl. ~ Car~'est petite seineurie de seigneeur qui n'eit craint et doubtS deo.ses gens. rex impeditus nequaquam auod tIonum est et honesturn ceraere,. vet asetari valebat. 440 CHRONICLIh oU ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN. &c. the government of the realm, and learn from those who have pos.- The commons made their harangue to the king, by their spokesman, sessed themselves of the kingdom how it has been hitherto governed; a citizen of London, called Simon de Sudbury, a man of sense arind for the common people make bitter complaints, that taxes upon taxes oratory. I-Ie formed his speech from what the duke of Gloucester are continually imposed, and that the kingdom, since the coronation had said to them; and, as you have heard that, I need not take more of the king, has been more grievously oppressed by these and other notice of it. The king, having heard it, replied: " Ye commons of extraordinary aids, than for fifty years preceding it. No one knows England, your requests are great and important, and cannot be im. how these sums have been expended, nor what is become of them. mediately attended to; for we shall not long remain here, nor are all You will be pleased to inquire into this, and provide a remedy, or our council with us: indeed the greater part are absent. I therefore things will turn out ill, for the discontents of the people are very bid each of you return quietly to your homes, and there peaceably strong." The duke of Gloucester replied, "My good sirs, I have remain, unless sent for, until Michaelmas, when the parliament shall attentively listened to what you have said; but I alone can do noth- be assembled at Westminster. Come thither and lay your requests ing. I know you have well-founded cause of complaint, as well as before us, which we will submit to our council. What we approve the rest of England; but notwithstanding I am son to a king of Eng- shall be granted, and what we think improper refused. For think land, and uncle to the present king, if I were to interfere by speak- not we are to be ruled by our people. That has never been; and ing to him, he would not attend to me; for my nephew has counsel- we can perceive nothing but what is right and just in our govern. lors near his person in whom he confides more than in himself, and ment, and in those who govern under us." Upward of seven in. these counsellors lead him as they please. If you wish to succeed stantly replied to the king, and said, " Most redoubted lord, undet in having your grievances redressed, you should enter into a confed- your grace's favor, your justice is weak, indeed, in the realm, and eracy with the principal towns, and with some of the nobles and you know not what behooveth you to know: for you neither make prelates, and come before the king, where my brother and myself inquiry, nor examine in-to what is passing; and those who are your will cheerfully meet you, and say to the king, "Most dear lord, you advisers will never tell you, for the great wealth they are amassing. have been crowned when very young, and have hitherto been very It is not justice, sir' king, to cut off heads, wrists, or feet, or any way badly advised, nor have you attended to the affairs of your kingdom, to punish; but justice consists in the maintaining the subject in his from the mean and weak counsellors you have chosen. This has right, and in taking care he live in peace, without having any cause caused the mismanagement of affairs, as you must have seen; and of complaint. We must also say that you have appointed too long if God, out of his mercy, had not stretched forth his hand, the coun- a day by referring us to Michaelmas. No time can be better than try must inevitably have been ruined. For which, most redoubted the present: we, therefore, unanimously declare, that we will have lord, we supplicate you, in the presence of your uncles, as good sub- an account, and very shortly too, from those who have governed your jects should entreat their lord, that you attend to these matters, that kingdom since your coronation, and know what is become of the the noble kingdom and crown of England, which has descended to great sums that have been raised in England for these last nine years, you from the most powerful and gallant king this country ever pos- and whither they have passed. If those who have been your treas. sessed, may be supported in prosperity and honor, and the common urers shall give a just account, or nearly so, we shall be much re. people, who now complain, be maintained in their just rights and privi- joiced, and leave them in their offices. Those who shall not produce leges. This you swore to perform on the day of your coronation. honest acquittances for their expenditure shall be treated accordingly, We also entreat, that you would assemble the three estates of the by the commissioners that are to be nominated by you, and our lords realm, that they may examine into the late manner of your govern- your uncles." ment. Should it have been managed in a manner becoming a per- The king, on this, looked at his uncles to see if they would say son of your rank, those who have governed will acquire profit and anythting, when the duke of Gloucester said, "That ihe saw nothing honor, and shall remain as long as they choose, and while it may be but what was just and reasonable in thIe demands they had made ~ your good pleasure, in their offices. But if those who may Ibe ap- what do you say, failr brother of York?" " As God may help me, pointed to examine into these matters find anything contrary to good it is all true," he replied, as did the other barons who were present, government, they will provide a remedy by quietly dismiissinig firom but the king wished them to give their opinions separately. "Sir," your person those who have so acted, and replacing them by others added the duke of Gloucester, "it is but fair that you know how better qualified; but with your consent first had, then that of your your money has been expended." The king, perceiving they were uncles and of the prelates and barons of the realm, who will pay at- all united, and that his minions dared not utter one word, for they tention in the choice to your honor and to that of your kingdorm." were overawed by the presence of the nobles, said, "Well, I consent "' When you shall have made this remonstrance to the king," said to it: let them be sent away; for summer is now approaching, and the duke of Gloucester to the Londoners, " he will give you an an- the time for my amusement in hunting." Then, addressing the Lon. swer. If he should say,'We will consider of it,' cut the matter doners, he added, "Would you have the matter instantly dispatched?" short, and declare you will not have any delay; anid press it the more "Yes, we entreat it of you, noble king: we shall likewise beg of to alarm him, as well as his minions. Say, boldly, that the country these lords to take part, more particularly our lords your uncles." will not longer suffer it; and it'is wonderful they have borne it so The dukes replied, they would willingly undertake it, as well on the long. My brother and myself will be with the king, and also the part of their lord and king, as for the country. The commons then archbishop of Canterbury, the earls of Arundel, Salisbury and North. said; "We also wish that the reverend fathers, the lord archbishop umberland; but say nothing should we not be present; for we are of Canterbury, and the bishops of Lincoln and Winchester, be parthe principal personages in England, and will second you in your re- ties." They said, they would cheerfully do so. When this was monstrance, by adding, that what you require is but reasonable and agreed to, they nominated the lords present, such as the earls of Sal just. When he shall hear us thus speak, hie will not contradict us, isbury and Northumberland, sir Reginald Cobham, sir Guy de Bryan, nnless he be very ill advised indeed, and will appoint a day accord- sir Thomas Felton, sir Mathew Gournay, and said there should be inglv. This is the advice and the remedy I offer you." The London- firom two to four of the principal persons from each city or large ers replied, "My lord, you have loyally spolken; but it will be difficult town, who would represent the commons of England. All this was for us to find the king and as many lords as you have named, at one assented to, and the time for their meeting fixed for the week after time in his presence." "Not at all," said the duke: "St. George's St. George's day, to be holden at Westminster; and all the king's day will be within ten days, and the king will then be at Windsor; ministers and treasurers were ordered to attend, and give an account you may be sure the duke of Ireland anrid sir Simon Burley will be of their administrations to the before-named lords. The king con. there also. There will be many others. My brother, myself, and sented to the whole, not through force, but at the solicitations and the earl of Salisbury, will be there. Do you come, and you will act prayers of his uncles, the other lords, and commons of England. It, according to circumstances." indeed, concerned them to k.,ow how affairs had been managed, The Londoners promised to be at Windsor on St. George's day, both in former times and in those of the present day. All having and left the duke of Gloucester, well pleased with their reception. been anicably settled, the assembly broke up, and the lords, on leavWhen that day came, the king of England held a grand festival, as ing Windsor, returned to London, whither were summoned all col-,his predecessors had done before him, and, accompanied by his queen lectors aind receivers, from the different counties, with their receipts and court, went to Windsor. On the morrow, the Londoners came and acquittances, under pain of corporal punishment and confisca-.thither with sixty horse, and those firom York and other principal tion of goods. -towns in like numbers, and lodged themselves in the town. The king was desirous of leaving the place for another three leagues off, HA T R LXIX. C H A PTER LX X IX. when he heard of the arrival of the commons of England, and still.more so, when told they wanted to speak to him; for he dreaded THE COMMISSIONERS OF ACCOUNTS CONDEMN SIR SIMON BURLEY TO BE IM. rmasoNto) IN TrHE TOWER OF LONDON. sIR THOMAs TRIVE.T IS KILLrD,greatly their remonstrances, and would not have heard them: but his RSONED IN THE TOWER OF LONDON. SR THOMS TRIVET IS KIED nx~ x rx'rL FRoM HIS HIoasE. smR wmv. IA~I ELMnAM IS XC4UmTTED Or uncles and the earl of Salisbury said, "My lord, you cannot depart, BY A FALL FROM IS ORSE. SIR WILLIAM ELMHAM IS ACQUITTED OF for they are deputed hither by all your principal towns. It is proper HAVIN TAKE MONEY FOR THE SURRENDER OF BOURBOURG AND GRAVELINES. you hear what they have to say: you will then give them your an. swer, or take time to consider of it." He remained, therefore, but THE assembly of the commissioners of accounts was held at West. s Bore against his will. minster, consisting of the king's uncles, the prelates, barons, and de. The commons were introduced to the presence, in the lower hall, puties from the principal towns of England. It lasted upward of a without the new building, where the palace stood in former times. month. Some of those who appeared before it, not producing fair 1The king was attended by his two uncles, the archbishop of Canter- or honorable accounts, were punished corporally, and by confiscatio5 bury, the bishop of Winchester, lord chancellor, the earl of Salis. of whatever they possessed. bury, the earl of Northumberl and, and several others of the nobility. Sir Simon Burley was charged with defalcations to the amount of CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 41 two hundred and fifty thousand francs, notwithstanding he had been money for Bourbourg and Gravelines. But he excused himself by tutor to the king, and had assisted him in the government from his saying; "My lords, when any one is placed as we were, in respect earliest youth. When called upon to account for what had become to these two towns, it appears to me (from what I have heard sir John of it, he cast the blame on the archbishop of York and sir William Chandos and sir Walter Manny, who had abundance of good sense Neville, saying he had never acted but with them and by their advice, and valor say,) that when two or three means offer, the one most and in conjunction with the king's chamberlains, sir Robert Tresilian, profitable to ourselves, and that which can hurt our enemies the most, sir Robert Beauchamp, sir John Salisbury, sir Nicholas Bramber, ought ever to be adopted. Sir Thomas Trivet and myself, finding and others; but those, when examined, excused themselves, and ourselves surrounded, so that succor could no way come to us, and flung the whole fault on him. The duke of Ireland said to Simon that we should not be able long to withstand their assaults, (for they privately; "I understand you are to be arrested and sent to prison were such knights and squires as few in England ever saw, and in until you shall pay the sum you are charged with. Do not dispute such numbers, from the account of our herald, as to amount to sixthe matter, but go whither they may order: I will make your peace teen thousand men-at-arms, and forty thousand others, while we were with the king, though they had all sworn to the contrary. You know scarcely three hundred lances, and as many archers; our town was the constable of France owes me forty thousand firancs for the ran- also so extensive we could not attend to all parts of it, which we soon soie of' John of Blois, and this sum he will shortly pay: I will offer felt to our cost, for, while we were defending one side,it was set on the amount to the commissioners, which, for the moment, will satisfy fire on another,) we became very much confused, which the enemy them: but the king is sovereign; he will pardon you all, for the hal- perceived. And, in truth, the king of France and his council acted ances mrutt be paid to him and to none other." "If I did not depend," handsomely by granting us a truce, for if they had on the morrow re. replied sir Simon Burley, " that you would strongly support me with newed their attack, in the situation we were in, they must have had the king,:tnd assist me personally in thisr myatter, I would cross the us at their mercy. They honorably treated with us, through thie duke sea and go to the king of Bohemia. I should be well received there, of Brittany, who took much trouble on the occasion. WVe ought to and remain for a time until all this bustle were blown over." "I will have paid for this, but they gave us money; and instead of being never fo:sake you," said the duke of Ireland: "are we not compan- worsted by our enemies, we despoiled them. We certainly over. ions, and equally implicated? You must ask time for payment. I reached them, when they paid us, and suffered us to depart safe and know well that you can pay when you please, in ready money, one well, carrying away whatever we had gained by this expedition in hundred thousand francs. Do not fear death, for they will never Flanders. Besides," added sir William, "to purge myself firom all push mattets so far as that; and before Michaelmas, things shall have blame, should there be in England, or out of England, any knight or a different turn from what these lords think: let me only once have squire, except the persons of my lord the dukes of York and of Glouthe king in my power, and I will have him, for all that he now does cester, who shall dare to say that I have acted disloyally toward my he is forced to. We must satisfy these cursed Lorndoners, and put natural lord the king, or have been any way guilty of treason, I am an end to all this discontent they have raised against us and our ready to throw down my glove, and with my body try the event by friends." deeds of arms, such as the judges may assign me." Sir Simon Burley put a little too much confidence in these words This speech, and the known valor of the knight, exculpated him, of the duke of Ireland, and presented himself before the commis- and freed him from all fear of death, which he was in danger of at sioners, whens called upon. They said; "Sir Simon, you have been the beginning. He returned to his estate, and was afterwards a rea knight who has done honor to our country, and were greatly beloved nowned knight, much advanced, and of the king's council. Sir Siby our lordl the late prince of' Wales. You and tile duke of Ireland mon Burley was still confined in the Tower, for he was mortally hated have been the principal minist(:rs of the king. We have carefully by the king's uncles and the commons of England. The king did examined ali your accousts thiat have been laid before us, and must everything in his power to deliver him from prisonii, during the time tell you, they are neither fair nor honorablle, which has displeased us he resided at Sheene;* but the commissioners, being determined to for the love we bear yon. We have therefore unanimously resolved oppress him, dissembled, and said they could not as yet set him at that you be sent to the Toweri of London, there to be confined until liberty, for his accounts were not closed. The king, accompanied you shall have repaid, in this chamber, according to our orders, the by the duke of Irreland, journeyed toward Wales, by way of Bristol; sum you have received for the king anid realm, and for which, firom and wheresoever he went he was followed by the queen, and all thl, the examination of the treasurer, you have never accounted: the sum ladies and damsels of her court. amounts to two hundred and fifty thousand francs. Now, have you anything to say in your defence 7" Sir Simon vas much disconcerted, and said; "My lords, I shall willingly obey, as it is proper I should, C A TER LX X. C, ~~~~~~~~~~C HA PT ERB L X XX. your commands, and go whither you may please to send me. But I entreat that I may have a secretary allowed me to draw out an account THE tING OF ENGLAND HAVING LEFT LONDON, SIR SIMON BURLEY IS BEenteattha I ay avea screaryallwedme o daw ut n acout EADED, TO THE GREAT DISPLEASURE OF THE KING- AND QUEEN. A of the great expenses I have fbrmerly been at in Germany and Bohe- ADED, TO THE GREAT DISPLEASURE OF TE ING ND UEEN. A mis, when negotiating the marriage of our king and lord. If I should CHANGE OF THE IINISTRY. have received too much, grant nme, through the king's grace and ALTHOUGH the king of England had left London, his uncles there yours, that I may have a reasonable time for repayment." "To this remained with their advisers. You have often heard, that when any we agree," replied the lords; and sir Simon Burley was then con- disorder is in the head, all the other members of the body are affected ducted to the Tower. by it, and that this sickness must be purged away by some means or The accounts of sir Thomas Trivet and sir William Elmham were other. I say this, because the duke of Ireland was in such favor next examinied. They were not popular with any of the barons of with the king, that he managed him as he pleased, and governed England, nor with the people, on account of their conduct in Flan. him. at will. Sir Simon Burley was also one of the principal advi. ders: for it was said no Eng'lishman had ever made so shameful an sers; and between them both they ruled, for a long time, king and expedition. The bishop of Norwvich and the governor of Calais, who kingdom. They were suspected of having amassed verylarge sums at that time was sir Hugh Calverley, had cleared themselves from any of morey, and it was rumored they hai sent great part of it for blame: but the charge laid to the two knighits, of taking money for safety to Germany. It had also come to the knowledge of the king, the surrender of Bourbourg and Gravelines, prevented them doing the his uncles, and the rulers of the principal towns in England, that same: and some in England wanted to have their conduct (which great cases and trunks had been secretly embarked from Dover castle has been before related) construed filto treason; and the knights had- in the night-time, which were said to contain this money sent fraudgiven security for their appearance, when called upon, to the king, ulently abroad by them to foreign countries, in consequence of which his uncles, and the council. This charge was now renewed, and the kiiigdom was greatly impoverished of cash. Many grieved much they were summoned before the commissioners. Sir William Elm- at this, saying, that gold and silver were become so scarce as to oc. ham appeared; but sir Thomas Trivet did not come, and I will tell casion trade to languish. Such speeches increased the hatred to sir you the cause. The same week tlhe summons from the commissioners Simon Burley, and the commissioners declared they thought he de, was brought to his house, in the north, he had mounted a young served death. In short, they, on finishing his accounts, condemned norse, to try him in the fields. His horse ran away with him over him to suffer this punishment, instigated thereto by a desire to please hedge and through bushes, and at length fell into a ditch and broke the country, and by the archbishop of Canterbury, who related to thl the knight's neck. It was a pity, and his loss was much bewailed lords that sir Simon wanted to remove the shrine of St. Thomas from by the good people of England. Notwithstanding this, his heirs were Canterbury to Dover castle, as hie said, for greater security, at the forced to pay a large sum of florins to what was called the king's time the French invasion was expected; but it was commonly be. council; but the whole management was well known to rest with lieved that he meant to seize it, and canry it out of England. Miany. the uncles of the kinog, and the commsissioners they had nominated. now he was in prison, camnie forward against him; and the knighl, For, althiough the duke of Gloucester was the youngest of the king's was so overpowered, that nothing he could say in his defence availed uncles, he was the most active in business that concerned the country; him; so that he was carried forth out of the Tower, and beheaded, and the better part of the prelates, nobles, and commons, looked up as a traitor, in the square before it. God have mercy on his uiss. to him.,deeds! Notwitlistanding I thus relate his disgraceful death, which When thie composition-money of the late sir Thomas Trivet, who I am forced to by niy determination to insert nothing but trutlo in ti-is was kilked as you loave hearni, was panid, the blame cast on sir Wil- history, I was exceedingly vexed thereat, and personally much liam ElmhaLm was much lightened. I-is former deeds in the Borde- grieved; for in mny youth I had found him a gentle knight, and, aclois, Guienoe, and Picardy, where he had displayed much valor in cording to my understandiig, of great good sense. Such was the support of England., pleaded ftir him, havimsg behlved like a gallant unfortunate end of sir Simon Burley. knight, so tiat nmothing could be laid to his charge but having taken *Rit. hmomid 442 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. His nephew and heir, sir Richard Burley, was with the duke of for, as the king was so young, lie managed him as he pleased, and, Lancaster in Galicia, when this misfortune befel his uncle, and one should he leave him, he was afraid the king's affection would be of the most renowned in his army, after the constable; for he had cooled. Add to this, he was so greatly enamored with one of the once the chief command of the whole army, and instructed sir queen's damsels, called the landgravine, that he could never quit Thomas Moreaux in his office of marshal; he was likewise of the her. She was a tolerably handsome pleasant lady, whom the queen duke's council, and his principal adviser. You may suppose that, had brought with her from Bohemia. The duke of Ireland loved when he heard of the disgraceful death his uncle had sufibred, he her with such ardor, that he was desirous of making her, if possible, was mightily enraged; but, alas! this gallant knight died in his bed, his duchess by marriage. He took great pains to obtain a divorce In Castille, of sickness, with very many more, as I shall fully relate firom his present duchess, the daughter of the earl of Bedford, from when arrived at that part of my history. Urban VI., whom the English and Germans acknowledged as pope. When king Richard, who was amusing himself in Wales, heard All the good people of England were much astonished and shocked )f the death of sir Simon Burley, he was very wroth; for he had at this; for the duchess was grand-daughter of the gallant king Ed. [een one of his tutors and had educated him; and he swore it should ward and the excellent queen Philippa, being the daughter of the not remain unrevenged, for he had been cruelly put to death, and princess Isabella. Her uncles, the dukes of York and Gloucester, without the smallest plea of justice. The queen also bewailed his were very wroth at this insult; but, notwithstanding their hatred, loss; for he had been the principal promoter of her marriage, and which he held cheap, the duke of Ireland was so smitten and blinded had conducted her from Germany to England. The king's council by his love, he was using every means to obtain a divorce, and had began now to be seriously alarmed, such as the duke of Ireland, sir promised the lady he would make her his wife, if he had the king Nicholas Bramber, sir Robert Tresilian, sir John Beauchamp, sir and queen's consent, and a dispensation from Rome, which the pope John Salisbury, and sir Michael de la Pole. The archbishop of would not dare refuse him; for his present lady was a Clementist, York, whose name was William Neville, brother to the lord Neville and the lord de Coucy, her father, had made war in Italy for Cleof Northumberland, was dismissed from Iis office of lord treasurer, ment, against Urban, which inclined the latter not to be over-fond which he had held a considerable time, and forbidden, by the duke of him, and induced him to listen too readily to the proposals for a of Gloucester, if he valued his life, ever again to intermeddle with divorce. Thus was he urging on matters, according to his promise the affairs of England; but he might retire to his bishopric of York, to the landgravine of Bohemia, and would not have any connection or to any other part of his diocese, for that of late he had been by far with his wife by legal marriage. But this duke of Ireland had a too busy. He was told that, from consideration of hiis dignity and mother living, the countess dowager of Oxford, who, so far firom apbirth, many things had been overlooked that were highly disgraceful proving her son's conduct, greatly blamed him for his follies, saying to him; and that the greater part of the deputies from the cities and that he would by them anger Heaven, who would one day punish towns were for having him degraded from the priesthood, and pun- him severely, when it would be too late to repent. She had the ished in like manner to sir Simon Burley. He soon left London, and duchess home with her, and gave her as handsome an establishment went to reside on his bishopric in the north, which was worth to him as she could, so that all who loved the young lady were pleased with about forty thousand firancs a year. His whole family was much this conduct. enraged, and thought his disgrace had been caused by Henry of In such a situation was the kingdom of England; but, to bring Northumberland, though he was his relation and neighbor. the history to a conclusion, I will continue the subject from the in. The archbishop of Canterbury, who was valiant and learned, and formation I then received. You have heard that the duke of Ireland much in favor of the king's uncles, succeeded to the treasurership: kept close to the king during his residence at Bristol and in Wales, hlie was of the family of the Montagues and the earl of Salisbury was solely occupied night and day with the means of succeeding in his his uncle.* The commissioners appointed the earl of Salisbury, the plans. Hle was assiduous in his attentions to the king and queen, earl of Arundel, the earl of Northumberland, the earl of Devonshire, and to all knights and squires who waited on them at Bristol and at the earl of Nottingham, and the bishop of Norwich, who was called the hunts in that neighborhood, to draw them over to his faction; sir Henry de Spencer, the king's council; but the bishop of Win- for the king suffered him to act as he pleased. chester retained his office of chancellor, and continued near the per- The duke, during this period, toolk infinite pains in visiting all ihe s.n of the king's uncles. The most renowned of the council, after gentlemen near to Bristol, and went frequently into Wales, where the duke of Gloucester, was sir Thomas Montague, archbishop of he complained to all who would listen to him, that the king's uncles, Canterbury; and well was he deserving of it, for the great pains he fromn their ambition to obtain the government, had driven from the took to reform the abuses of government, and withdraw the king council the most noble and wisest members, such as the archbishop from the management of his minions. He spoke very frequently on of York, the bishop of Durham, the bishop of London, sir Michael this subject to the duke of York, who replied, "Archbishop, matters de la Pole, sir Nicholas Bramber, sir John Salisbury, sir Robert Tre. will, by degrees, turn out differently firom what my nephew and the silian, sir John Beauchamp, and himself; that they had put to death, duke of Ireland imagine. But we must wait for a favorable oppor- without any justice whatever, that valiant knight sir Simon Burley; tunity, and not be too pressing; for what is done in haste is never and, if they continued to govern as they had begun, they would soon well done. I agree with you, that if we had not in time taken up destroy all England. He repeated this so often, and with such suc. this business, the king would have been so governed, that the king- cess, that the greater part of the knights and squires of Wales and dom must have been ruined. The king of France and his council the adjoining c.ountries believed him. They came to Bristol, and were well acquainted with our state; and for this did they make demanded from the kring, if what the duke had told themn had his such immense preparations, to take the advantage to invade us." approbation. The king replied it had, and begged of them, from their affection to him, to put every confidence in the duke, for that he would avow whatever he should do; adding, that in truth his CHAPTER LXXXI. uncles were too ambitious, and that he had his fears they intended to deprive him of his crown. Those from Wales, who had always WHILE THE cOUNCIL, ON THE STATE OF THE NATION, IS SITTING AT LON. loved the prince of Wales, father to the king, having heard of the DON, KING RICHARD, BY THE ADVICE OF THE DUKE OF IRELAND, DETMt. transactions in London, were firmly persuaded that the king and the MINES TO WAGE WAR AGAINST HIS UNCLES AND THE FRINCirAIL TOWNS. duke of Ireland had been wronged, and demanded from the king IN like manner as the king's uncles and the new council of state how he wished them to act. The in answeredHe would gladly were devising at Westminster on the means of reforming abuses in see the Londoners, who had been the chief movers in this business, the government, and of having the king andrealm under their power, punished and brought to their senses, as well as his uncles. The Welchmen said they were bounden to obey his commands, for he the duke of Ireland and his council were plotting day and night how Wemen said they were bounden to obey his commands, for he they could keep their places, and destroy the uncles of the king, by was their king and sovereign lord, to whom, and to none else, they means which I will now explain. owed faith and homage. They were therefore willing to go whitherWhen king Richard, accompanied by his queen,t arrived at Bris. soever he would order them. The king and the duke of Ireland tol, which is a handsome and strong town, he fixed his residence in were well satisfied with this answer; and the latter, seeing the king the castle. Those in Wales, and at a distance, thought he had done take up the matter as personal to himself, was extravagant in his joy, so to favor the duke of Ireland, who had caused it to be reported and said to the council, "they could not act better than return to that he intended going thence to Ireland, and to assist him with London to show their force, and, by fair or other means, bring the money to increase his followers, for that had been agreed on by the citizens back to their obedience; and he also said, and always repreparliament. It had been ordered that the duke, on setting out for sentd to the M e, that whenever there were so many rulers in a Ireland, where he was to remain three years, should have the com. kingdom, it must be its ruin." The king said, "that his opinion mand of five hundred men-at.arms and fifteen hundred archers, paid was the same, and that, if hitherto he had suffered things to be so by Efngland, and that money for this purpose should be punctually carned, he would not any longer, but bring forward such a remedy carried, he would not any longer,, but bring forward such a remedy remitted to him.{ But the duke had no inclination to go thither; that other countries should take example firom it." Now, consider in your own mind if I had not good cause to say, byh amistake. 8 William Courtney wasarehhishopofCaaterbary, that England was, at this period, in the greatest peril of being ruined and in 1191 Thomas Fitzallan, son of the earl of Arundel.py It certainly was, from the causes you hve hed; tSo says Jean Petit, "et la rayne aveques lui." past recovery.' Tthsre is a variation itn the copies of the original, as Jean Petit runs thus: "Vhoen for the king was exasperated against his uncles and the principal he departe_ from the king and his uncles, it was agleed with him, that in ease he shoult nobility of the kingdom, and they were so likewise against him and to on this!oyage, te sho:lld have, at the charge ofEngland, five hundred men-at-ar many nobles of his party. The cities and towns were quarrelling and fifteen hundred archers. It was ordered that lie should abide there three years, and with each other, and the prelates in mutual hatred, so that no remedy that he should be atsvays veil paid." This reading appears to be simpler tihan that of he text. See Jean Petit'.dition, v6. IH. p. 4ti for all these evils could be looked for but from God alone The HRON I C 1 LES OF ENGLAND, F RANCE, SPAIN, &c. 443 duke of Ireland, when he perceived he had gained the king, and the greater part he knew, but was not, from his disguise kllown to them. greater number of those in Bristol, Wa!es, and the adjoining parts, He, however, remained there, at different timnes, so long, that'i proceeded to say to the king, " My lord, if you will appoint me your squire of the duke of Gloucester, saw and knew him, for he had lieutenant, I will lead twelve or fifteen thousand men to London, or been many times in his company. Sir Robert instantly recollected to Oxford, which is your and my city, and show my strength to these him, and,withdrew from the window; but the squire having his sus. Londoners and your uncles, who have treated you with such indig. picions, said, " Surely that must be Tresilian;" and to be certain of nity, and have put some of your council to death, and, by fair words it, he entered the ale-house, and said to the landlady, " Dame, tell or otherwise, reduce them to obedience." The king replied, he was me, on your troth, who is he drinking above: is he alone or in cornsatiafied; adding, " I now nominate you lieutenant.general of my pany?" "On my troth, sir," she replied, "I cannot tell you his kingdom, to assemtble men wherever you can raise them, and to lead name; but he has been here some time." At these words, the squire them whithersoever you shall think it most for the advantage of our went up stairs to know the truth, and having saluted sir Robert, found realm, that all may see the whole of it to be our inheritance and he was right, though he dissembled by saying, "God preserve you, right. I order you to bear our banner, guidon, standard, and other master! I hope you will not take my coming amiss, for I thought you our proper habiliments of war, which we ourselves should have done, had been one of my farmers from Essex, as you are so very like had we taken the field. I should imagine, that all conditions of men, him." "By no means," said sir Robert:." I am firom Kent, and on perceiving my banners, would flock to enrol themselves under hold lands of sir Tohn Holland, and wish to lay my complaints be. them, and would be fearful of incurring, by a contrary conduct, my fore the council against the tenants of the archbishop of Canterbury. displeasure." This speech greatly rejoiced the duke of Ireland who encroach much on my farm." " If you will come into the hall," said the squire, " I will have way madQ for you to lay your grievances before the lords." "Many thanks," replied sir Robert: "not at this moment, but I shall not renounce your assistance." -b;- IN11111.1 ~`-pr Rl! At these words, the squire ordered a tX4nARD lt` AT BRISTOL.Designed from f ihe trlHsoquart of ale, which having paid for, he said," God be with you " and left the ale-house. He lost no time in hasten. ing to the council-chamber, and called to the usher to open the door. The IEAMED BY COP.IMAND OF TIX KING'S UNCLES. wausher, knowing him, asked his business: he said, " he must instantly speak with, the duke of Gloucester, on matthe ell side.Someexcus ters that nearly concerned him and reasons;jI! biuii the council." The usher, on this, bade posibl Lo a goo frhim enter, which he did, and made While ths am"My lord, I bring you great news." /r< \\\'"Of what?" replied the dUke. "My lord, I will tell it aloud; for it concerns!.t:ill le, m ain~... e re, tol disover1 what they dnot only you but all the lords present. I have seen sir Robert Tresilian, disian " said the durke.'" On my faith, trusty~ —---— ~~ ~ lWo ortnmy lord, it is true; and you shall have him to dine with you, if you please." t noalodged at ai~ill___iln inn he w u o li afk t a "I should like it mucl," replied the duke; "h for he will tell us some news of is master the dule e of Ireland. Go, and secure him; but with power enough not to be in danger of failing." The squire, on these orders, left the. ticIaRD It aT BRIsTOnL Designed from lltmitatorrs in the Metrical History of Richard I. Harleian MS. 1319. council-chamber, and, having chosen four bailiffs, said to them,. " Follow me at a distance; and, as soon as you CHAPTERR LXXXII' shall perceive me make you a sign to arrest a man 1 am in search of, lay hands on him, and take care he do not, on any account, esMe RING OF ENGLAND issuas hos ORDERS OR ALt CAT pABrlE OF BERTN cape from you." The squire made for tae ale-house where he ARMS IN THE NEIGHBORIOOD OF BRISTOL TO MARCH TO LONON. SIR had left sir Robert, and, mounting the staircase to the room where ROBERT TRESILAN, SENT THITHER AS A SPY, IS DIScOvERED, AND BE- he was, said, on entering, "Tresilian, you are not come to this ~EIE Y OMN F iERN SUCE.country for any good, as I imagine: my lord of Gloucester sends THE king of England issued his summons to many great barons, for you, and you must coie and speak with him." The kright knights, and squires in Wales, in the country round Bristol, and on turned a deaf ear, and would have been excused, if he could, by say. the Severn-side. Some excused thenselves by sending satisfactory ing, "1I am not Tresilian, but a tenant of Sir John Hollaid." reasons; but others came and placed themselves under the obe- That is nottrue," replied the squire; 1" your body is Tresilian's, dience of the king, notwithstanding their conviction that it was im- though not your dress." And, making the signal to the bailiffs, who possible to augur anything good from tae enterprise, were at the door, they entered the house and arrested him, and, While this army was collecting, the king and the duke, in a secret whether he would or not, carried him to the palace. You may beconference, determined to send one of their confidential friends to lieve there vas a great croad to see him; for he was well known in London to observe what was going forward, and, if the king's uncles London, and in many parts of England. The duke of Gloucester still remained there, to discover what they were doing. After some was much pleased, and would see him. When in his presence, the consideration, they could not think on a proper person to send on duke said; "Tresilian, what has brought you hither? How faries this errand; when a knight, who was cousin to the duke, and of the my sovereign? Where does he noa reside?" Tresilian, finding ho king's as well as of his council, called sir Robert Tresilian, stepped was discovered, and that no excuses would avail, replied, " On my forta, and said to the duke, "nI see the difficulty you have to find a faith, ay lord, the king has sent me hither to learn the news: he is trusty person to send to London: I will, from my love to you, risk at Bristol, and on the banks of the Severn, where he hunts and the adventure." The king andi the duke, well pleased with the of- amuses aimself." "How i" said the duke, "you do not come fr, thanked him for it. Tresilian left Bristol disguised like a poor dI ressed like an honest man, but like a spy. If you had been desi. irruesran, mounted on a vretched hackney: la continued his road rous to learn what was passing, your appearance should have been in Loindon, and lodged at an inn where he was unknown; for ro like that of a knigat or a discreet person." "My lord," ansaered one could have ever imagined that one of the king's counsellors Tresilian, if I have done wrong, I hope you will excuse me; for and colamberlalns would laave appeared in so miserable a dress. I have only done avnht i was ordered." "ATn where is your master, When in London, he picked up all the news that aas public, for the duke of Ireland?" " My lord," said Tresilian, "whe is with the he could not do more, respecting tie king's uncles and the citizens, king our lord." The duke thein added, "We have been informed Having hasrd there was to be as mreting of tihe dukles and their Rothat he is collectinga large body of men, and that the kilng hiae council at Westminster, he determined to go thither to learn secretly issued his sumesons to that effect: whither does he mean to lead all lie could of their proceedings. This he executed, and fixed his ithem?" My lord, they are intended for Ireland." "f For Ireland!" quarters at an a.e-house right opposite the palpoe-gate: he chose a said the duke. " Yes, indeed, as Cod may help me," answered chamber whose window looked into the palace-yard, where he posted Tresilian. himself to observe all who should come to this parliament. The i The duke mused awhile, and then spokey "TresiIan, Treslaind" t44 CHIRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. your actions are neither fair nor honest; and you have committed a known throughout England that he is king; that he was educated great piece of folly in coming to these parts, where you are far from by our late valiant and good king Edward, at Westmrinster, who being loved, as will be shortly shown to you. You, and others of made all his subjects, great and small, swear obedience to him as your faction, have done what has greatly displeased my brother and their king, after his decease, which oath the king's uncles also took. myself, and have ill-counselled the king, whom you have made to It appears to many, if they dare speak out, that he is not now con. quarrel with his chief nobility. In addition, you have excited the sidered as king, nor does he keep the state or manner of a king; for principal towns against us. The day of retribution is therefore he is not suffered to act as he pleases: they have only allowed htim come, when you shall receive payment; for whoever acts justly re- and his queen a pension, and plainly show them, that they have nut ceives his reward: look to your affairs, for I will neither eat nor sense to govern the realm, and that their whole council is made o, drink until you be no more." This speech greatly terrified sir Rob- of traitors and evil-designing men. I say, therefore, that such con ert, (for no one likes to hear of his end,) by the manner in which it duct is not longer to be borne; and I would rather die than remain was uttered. He was desirous to obtain pardon, by various excuses, in such a state of danger, and see the king thus treated, and ruled as and the most abject humiliation, but in vain; for the duke had re- he is by his uncles." The king interrupted him by saying: " What ceived information of what was going on at Bristol, and his excuses is now doing does not please us; and I tell you, that the advice you were fruitless. Why should I make a long story? Sir Robert was have given seems to me both honorable and good for us and for our delivered to the hangman, who led him out of the palace to the place realm." The conference now broke up; but not before the duke of of execution, where he was beheaded, and then hung by the arms to Ireland was ordered, as king's lieutenant, to march, with all the a gibbet. Thus ended sir Robert Tresilian. force he could collect, toward London, to try the courage of the citizens, and see if, by negotiation and the greatest promises on the part of the Iking, he could not turn them to his faction. It was not long before the duke, with fifteen thousand men, left Bristol on his march C H A P T E R L X X X I I I. to Oxford, where they quartered theniselves, and in the country round WHEN THE NEWS OF THE DEATIH OF SIR ROBERT TRESILIAN IS BROUGHT about. They bore banners and pennons with only the arms of EngTO THE ARCHBISHOP OF YORK AND SIR NICHOLAS BRAMBER, THEY land, for the king would have it known it was his personal quarrel. CONFIRM THE IKING IN HIS INTENTION OF MIAIING WAR ON HIS UN- News was carried to the dukes of York and Gloucester, that the CLES. THE DUKE OF IRELAND, AS LIEUTENANT-GENERAL, LEADS duke of Ireland was on his march to London with fifteen thousand THE ARMY TO OXFORD. men; that they were already at Oxford, and that he bore the king's own banners. It was time for them to consider how to act: they INTELLGENCE was hastily carried to king Richard at Bristol, that summoned all the principal leaders in ILondon for wealth or power sir Robert Tresilian had been put to a shameful death. He took it to a conference at Westinster, wherein they told them how the sorely to heart, and swore things should not remain in the state they due of Ireland was machin aainst them with a iarge force. The thyduke of Ireland was marching against them with a large force. The were; for that his uncles were conducting themselves ill, and putting citizens, like persons prepared to obey the will of the king's uncles, to death, without the least plea of justice, his knights and servants, for they were in truth all so inclined, replied: " Be it so, in God's who had loyally served him and the prince his father, plainly show- name: if the duke of Ireland demaod battle from us, he shall have ing their intentions were to deprive him of his crown, and that such e will not sut agate foris fifteen tousand men: no, nor it. We will not shut a gate for b. is fifteen thousand men: no, nor conduct touched him too nearly not to resent it. The archbishop of for twenty thousaiid, if he lad toem." Te dukes were much con. York had been the chief of his council for-a considerable time, and, tented with this answer, and instantly employed numbers of persons tented with this answer, and instantly employed numbers of persons being then with the king, said: "My lord, you ask counsel, and I to asseible koiglts and squires from all parts, and arcoers from the will give it you. Your uncles behave shamefully, and want to make pricipal towns. Those who te dukes had su oned obeyed, as the world believe you have only traitors near your person, and that as juprincipstl towns. Th ose whor so tohe duo. Mes had summoned obeyed, as was junst, for they had sworn so to do. Men came fi'om thte counties you take counsel firom none but them. Great danger now hangs of Norwicl, ent, Southampton, fro Arud, lisbury, ad the t, ~~of Norwich, Kent, Southampton, from Arund-l, Salisbury, and the over the country; for if the commons rise, and the nobility be unicountry round London. Many knights and squires caime thither also, ted, much mischief will ensue. I therefore advise, that you settle without knowing whiter they were to be sent or conducted. without knoewhin whith~er they were to be sent or conducted. all these things by force: you are now in a very populous country: issue your summons for all capable of bearing arms, gentlemen and others, to join you here; and, when they be assembled, march them under the orders of the duke of Ireland, who will gladly take the C H A P T ER LXXXIV.'1 m.ndind, toward London; and let there be no other banners but THiE DUKE OF IRELAND SENDS THREE KNIGHTS TO LONDON TO LEARN INthose with your own arms, to show more distinctly the business is TELLIGENCE. THE DUKES OF YORK AND GLOUCESTER TAKE THE FIELD your own. The whole country, on their line of march, will join AGAINST THE DUKE OF IRELAND AND HIS ARMY. them, and perhaps the Londoners also, who have no personal hatred to you, who have never done them any injury. All the mischief that I WILL now say something of the duke of Ireland, who had fixed could have been done you has already been effected by your uncles. his quarters at Oxford. He had indeed fifteen thousand men, but Here is sir Nicholas Bramber, who has been frequently mayor of Lon- the greater part had joined him more through constraint than good. don, and whom you created a knight for the gallant service he ner- will.'The duke, to sound the Londoners, resolved to send thither formed in former times;* consult him, for he ought to be well sir Nicholas Bramber, sir Peter Gouloufire, and sir Michael de la acquainted with the Londoners, being a fellow-citizen, and must, Pole: they were to enter the town by the Thames, and to hoist the likewise, have some steady friends among themr. You run a risk of king's flag, and observe how the citizens, on seeing it, would act losing your kingdom from those tumultuous and disloyal proceedings. These three knights, in compliance with the duke's orders, left Ox. The king, on this, turned to sir Nicholas Bramber, and desired ford with only thirty horse, and rode secretly to Windsor, where they him to speak. "My lord," said sir Nicholas, "since you command lay that night. On the morrow, they crossed the Thames at the me, I will speak my sentiments before these lords, according to the bridge of Staines, and dined in the king's palace at Sheene,* where best of my judgment. In the first place, I do not believe, nor ever they remained until late in the evening, when they departed and shall, that the majority of the Londoners are wanting in affection to rode for another of the king's palaces at Kensington, nearer London, our lord who is present. They greatly loved my lord, the prince lhis three leagues distant, where they left their horses, and, having entered father, of happy memory; and they gave proofs of their loyalty, boats, took advantage of the tide, and passed through London-bridge when the rabble of peasants rose in rebellion: for, to say the truth, unobserved, for the watch had not any suspicions of their arrival. had they been inclined to have joined them, there would have beeni They entered the Tower of London, and found the governor whom an end of the king and monarchy. T'he uncles of the king have it the king had appointed. From him they learnt many things relative now all before them, and laugh at the citizens, whom they make be- to the king's uncles, and what was passing in London. He told hieve whatever they please; for there is no one to contradict them, them, they had run great risks in coming to him. " How so?" said )r to show what falsehoods they daily publish. They have put aside they. "We are knights attached to the king's person, and may.tll the king's officers, myself in the number, and replaced them with surely lodge ourselves in any of his castles." " You will not find others of their way of thinking. They have sent the king to a corner things so," answered the governor; "for though. this town and all of his kingdom; and one cannot suppose any good will follow, for within it are willing to submit themselves to the obedience of the we are perfectly ignorant what their ultimate intentions may be. If king, they will only do so as long as he will allow himself to be gov. matters continue in this state much longer, the king will be driven erned by his nncles, and no longer. What I tell you is for your out of his kingdom; for they act by force, and the king by kindness. welfare; and I am bound to advise you, as far as my abilities and HIve they not already put to death that gallant knight sir Simon understanding will enable me; for I suspect that when day shall BRrley, who had performed such meritorious services beyond sea? return to-merrow, if it please God, and news get abroad that there and h.ave they not, publicly, imputed to him the greatest falsehoods, are arrived in the Tower persons on the part of the king, you will which they knew to be untrue, such as, that he intended to deliver see this castle besieged by the citizens on all sides, who will not de. to the French the town and castle of Dover, and that, for that pur- part until they have gained admittance and have seen who are here pose, he had caused them to assemble at Slays and other parts of lodged. Should they find you, they will carry you to the kiing's Flandors? Have they not, also, in despite to the king, disgracefilly uncles, and you.may guiess what wdll be the result. I am satisfied slain his knight sir Robert Tresilian? and they will treat the rest in they are so much enraged against the duke of Ireland, and the other the same manner the very instant they can lay hands on them: I advisers of the king, that if once they lay hold of you, you will never therefore advise, that the king use rigorous measures. It is well escape with life. Consider well what I have said, for it is all true." *.Alluding to his sonduct at the time Wat Tyler insulted the king in Smithfield. * Richmond. CHRONICLES OF ENGL AND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 445 The three knights, who thought they should do wonders, were in easy to be crossed. The horse passed first, and then the main body. lespair at what they heard: they held a counicil, and determined to When the duke of Ireland was told that the king's uncles had passed remain where they were until the morrow, but in so secret a manner the Thames with their army, and that shortly there must be a battle, he that none should know of their arrival. The governor loyally prom- was much frightened; for he well knew, that if he were taken by the ised to assist them to the utmost of his power, and, in their presence, duke of Gloucester, he would not accept of any sum for his ransom, but took possession of all the keys that gave admittance. When day put him instantly to a disgraceful death. He called, therefore, sir Peter came, the three knights held another council, on their future pro- Gouloufre and sir Michael de la Pole, and said to them, "M y courceedings; and, having well considered their situation, they were age entirely faileth me this day; for I dare not abide the even of a afraid of waiting until it should be known they were in the Tower, battle with the king's uncles, who, if they take me, will put me to a for they were convinced they would be shut up in it; so that when shameful death. How the devil could they have crossed the Thamnes? it was dark, and the tide flowing, they embarked in a large boat, This is a bad omen for us." "What do you intend to do?" asked and left the Tower, without having dared to display the king's ban- the two knights. "I mean to save myself: do you the same," added ners. They slept that night at Kensington, and on the morrow, at the duke, "and the whole army, if it can." "Well," replied the daybreak, mounted their horses and rode by Chertsey to Windsor, knights, "let us keep on one of the wings, and we shall have two where they dined and lay. The next day they arrived at Oxford, cords to our bow. We shall see how our men behave: if they do where was the duke of Ireland and his army: they told all that had well, we will remain, for the honor of the king who has sent us hither: passed, which you have heard; and that, although they were received if they be defeated, we can make off, and have the advantage of into the Tower of- London, they dared not abide there. The duke going whithersoever we like." was mightily cast down on hearing this, and knew not what to say, This plan was adopted; and the duke changed his horse for a very nor how to act; for he was already sensible that the force he had active one, as did also the knights. They rode round the army, assembled were not all of the same way of thinking, nor well affected showing a good countenance, and telling the men to behave well: to his cause: not knowing whether to stay where he was or return that they should have the day, if it pleased God and St. George, for to the king, he called a council of his knights. The council deter- they had the right; and the quarrel was the king's, which was to mined, that since the king had appointed him lieutenant-general, to their advantage. Thus dissembling, they got out of the crowd, and, punish all who were in rebellion, he must keep the field; for, should making for a corner of the army, formed part of a wing. They had he act otherwise, he would be greatly blamed, incur the indignation scarcely done so, when the dukes of York and Gloucester, and the of the king, and prove clearly that he did not think the cause just or other lords, were seen advancing, with banners displayed, and trum. good: and that it would be better to risk the event, and die with pets sounding. The king's army no sooner perceived their array honor, than show any want of courage. He was advised to inform than they were panic-struck, quitted their ranks, and turned their the king of his situation, and to be thankful he was able to keep his backs; for it was the general report that the duke of Ireland and his ground without any opposition, for none had hitherto advanced to firiends had fled. All was now in disorder, every one running away meet him. The duke sent messengers fom Oxford to the king, to for the fastest, without making the smallest defence. The duke and signify his situation, and to entreat he would send him more men, his knights were soon at a distance, for they were not desirous of which he did. returning to Oxford. When the dukes of York and Gloucester heard at London, that The duke of Gloucester, on seeing the condition of the king's the duke of Ireland was at Oxford with a powerful army, they called army, felt compassion, and would not do the ill he might; for he a council to considem bow to act. All the chief lords of their party knew the greater part I-ad been assembled through fear, or by the were present, such as the archbishup of Canterbury, the earls of excitement of the duke of Ireland. He therefore said to his men, Arundel, Salisbury, Northumberland, and many other great barons, " Sirs, the day is outs;but I forbid, under pain of death, that any with the whole magistracy of London. It was there resolved (for of our enemies be slain, unless he make a defence. If you find the duke of Gloucester would have it so,) instantly to prepare and knights or squires, take them, and bring them to me." Tihis orde, tzake the field, and that the mayor of London should arm by consta- was obeyed: few were killed, except in their flight, by riding ove blewicks, all such as he might thinlk capable of assisting them; for or against each other. Sir John, called the Little Beauchamp, and he declared he wou-O m'arch to meet the duke of Ireland, and fight sir John Salisbury, were mnade prisoners in the pursuit, and brought with hima wherever I 1: hould find him. The mayor ot'f London was to the duke of Gloucester, to his great pleasure. The lords marched himself a soldier, and he only selected his men from those between to Oxford, where they found the gates open; and those who counl twenty and forty years of age; and the lords above mentioned had do so lodged themselves there, though much straitened. When the at least one thousand men-at-arms retainers on them. This army duke of Gloucester inquired if the duke of Ireland were taken, he marched from London, and lodged at Brentford and the adjoining was told that he had escaped. The duke remained two days at villages; on the next day at Colebroo,,'-ir force increasing all the Oxford, when he gave liberty for the men-at.arms to return to their way. They followed the road to Reading -; gain a passage over homes, after having thanked them for their services. He told the the Thames; for the bridges of Staines and Windsor had, by comrn- mayor of London and the leaders of the bands, that they might now mand of the duke of Ireland, been broken down, by which they had return to London, which they cheerfully did; and thus the expedia better and more level country for their march. The duke of Ire- tion ended. land, hearing they were fast approaching Oxford, was much alarmed, and demanded counsel. He was advised to draw up his army in CHAPTER LXXXV battle-array, with the king's banners displayed in front; and if it pleased God, the (lay would be his, for he had a good cause. This THE DUKE OF IRELAND, WITH SOME OF HIS COMPANIONS, ESCAPES INTO plan was followed: the trumpets sounded to arm, and march out of HOLLAND. TIE ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY IS SENT BY THE DUKEs Oxford, which was done, and the army drawn up with the king's OF YORK AND GLOUCESTER TO TREAT XWITH THE KING. HE CONDUCT.3 banners displayed. The day was delightful, and the weather clear HIM WITI HONOE TO LONDON. and pleasant. I WILL now say what became of the duke of Ireland, sir Petem Gouloufire, and sir Michael de la Pole, on the day on which they had, C H A P T E R L X X X V. like their army, saved themselves by flight. In truth, this was wisel) THE KING'S UNCtLES GAIN A VICTORY OVER THE DUKE OF IRELAND, WHO done; for, had they been taken, they would have been put to death SAVES IHIMSELF BY FLIGIHT WITH OTHERS OF HIS ARSIY. without mercy. I do not believe they fled to the king at Bristol: if they did, they made no long stay, but hastened out of England as NEWS was brought to the duke of Gloucester, who was encamped quickly as they could. I heard that.they rode through. Carlisle to in a handsome mead along a river that falls into the Thames, three Edinburgh, where they embarked on board a vessel bound for Itolleagues from Oxford, that the duke of Ireland had taken tihe field, land and the Texel, and landed at Dordrecht. They were much and had drawn up his force in order of battle. The duke was well rejoiced at thus being in a place of safety; and it was told me, that pleased with this intelligence, and said he would offer him combat, the duke of Ireland had, for a long time before, made large deposits but they must cross the Thames. The trumpets sounded to dislodge, of money at Bruges, by means of the Lombards, to be prepared foi and the army was formed as if for immediate battle. They were every event; for, though he knew his power over the king of Engwithin two leagues of the enemy, lying in ambush, until they could land, he was much afraid of the nobles and the people. During his cross the river. The duke of Gloucester sent scouts to have the prosperity hlie had m-ade very ample provision of money in Flanders fords examined, who brought word the river had not, for thirty years, and in other places, where he thought he might need it. I heard, been so low as it then was. The scouts after this easily crossed, also, that the first payment of sixty tfiousand firancs, for the ransom and advanced to observe the position and countonance of the enemy. of John of Brittany, was waitin_ his orders, and the time was nearly On their return, they said to the duke, " My lord, God and the elapsed for tho receipt of the other sixty thousand franc:;. He h1ud, river are for you: it is so low, it does not reach the bellies of our theretbre, protided hiunself with money for a long time. horses. We have seen the army of the duke of Ireland, which is When the duke Albert of Bavaria, who was regent of Halt ault, well and handsomely drawn up. We know not if the king be there Holland and Zealand, for his brother, ount Willianm, then alive wts ill person, but his banners are; and we could not prceive anly otlher i iimiformn that the duke of Ireland had fled from England, and hni~d banner than those of the Iting, emblazoned with the arms of England take t up his residence at Dorirecht, he mused awhile, and thotughi asd France." The duke replied, " God assi:t us l my brother anl it i lproptei hm shiould make any loan stay there. He had quitted self have a right to those arms. Let us advance, its the namne of Goul Int4' oh,1 as a fuiltive, 1usd was in tle ill-favor of h~is cousins-german, and St. George; for I will have a nearer look at them." His men t!' luakes of York and Gloucester, to whom he owed love andl affiecbegan tlheir march, and in higher sii:mts, on knowing the river was so tiuma h1 imtad, besides, behaved shamefully to Isis duches. s, who was the (46 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. daughter of his cousin, the princess Isabella of England. In con. him, such as sir Richard Stenor and others, he restrained his choler, sequence, he sent to tell the duke, that since he had displeased his and said to the archbishop, that he would cheerfully accompany him fair cousins of England, and had broken his marriage to connect to London. My lord of Canterbury was highly pleased on hearing himself with another woman, he must instantly leave his country this; and he gained much honor by having brought matters to so and seek other quarters; for he would never suffer the duke of Ire. happy a conclusion. The king did not remain at Bristol long after land to inhabit any town of his. When he received this order, he this, but leaving there his queen, set out with his retilnue toward Lol. was much alarmed lest he should be arrested and given up to his don, the archbishop accompanying him. On his arrival at Windsor, enemies, and humbled himself exceedingly to those who brought the he stopped three whole days. order, saying he would cheerfully obey the duke's commands. He When news was brought to London that the archbishop of Canter. instantly directed all his accounts to be settled and paid, and em- bury had so far succeeded in his mission, that the king was on his barked on board a vessel, with attendants, for Utrecht, which is a return to the city, the whole town was rejoiced; and they determined town solely dependent on its bishop, where he arrived, and tarried to go out to meet and conduct him, in the most honorable manner, there until other intelligence was brouglht him. We will now leave to his palace. The day on which he left Windsor, the whole road him, and return to the affairs of England. from Lndon to Brenitford wae covered with people on foot and horseWhen the army of barons had been disbanded at Oxford, I know back. The dukes of York and Gloucester, and prince John of York, not if the dukes of York and Gloucester, and the archbishop of Can- the earls of Arundel, Salisbury, Northumberland, and many barons terbury, did not remain there some days longer; during which time and prelates, went, in great state, to conduct the king. They met the two knights, sir John Salisbury and the little Beauchamrp, were him within two miles from Brentford, and received him most affecbeheaded. After this execution they returned to London, where they tionately, as good subjects should their lord. The king, who had stayed some time, expecting to hear from the king; but all they learnt their late proceedings still rankling in his heart, scarcely stopped was that he continued in Bristol. It was determined in council at when he met them, nor cast his eyes toward them. The person lie Westminster, through the advice of the archbishop of Canterbury, talked the most to on his road was the bishop of London. On their to send a deputation from the chief barons to the king, to remnon- arrival in Westminster, the king dismounted at his palace, which had strate with him, in an amicable manner, on his opposition to the been prepared for him. He there partook of wines and spices, as did principal persons of his kingdom, who were naturally bound to guard his uncles, the barons, prelates, and knights, who were entitled to the his honor, and for having placed his confidence in a set of minions; honor. Several of them now took leave, and those who resided in which conduct had nearly lost him his crown. While this was going London went home, but the king's uncles, the archbishop of Canter-' forward in the council, sir Nicholas Bramber had been taken in bury, and the whole of the council, remained to keep him company,.Wales, and brought to London. The king's uncles were rejoiced at to be on better terms together, and to consult on the affairs of the this, and said they should not wait long, but that he should.suffer a nation, for they had formed their plans, and were lodged, some in the similar death to his friends. Sir Nicholas, unable to offer anything palace, and others in the abbey. to prevent his execution, was led to the usual place, without tue town, and there beheaded. He was lamented by some of the citizens, for he had, in former times, been their mayor, and had, during that time, well and honestly governed the city. He had also been of essential C AT R LXXV I service to the king at the time of the peasants' rebellion, by slaying, THE KING, BY THE ADVICE OF HIS UNCLES AND COUNCIL, SUMMONS THE with his own hand, Lister; which dismayed the insurgents greatly, NOBILITY AND COMMONERS OF THE REALM TO A PARLIAMENT AT and put them to flight; and for this the king had created him a knight. WESTMINSTER, AND TO RENEW THEIR HOMAGE TO HI[M. He was beheaded like the others, for having too readily put his faith A SPECIAL parliament being ordered to meet at Westminster, all the in the duke of Ireland.' barons, prelates, knights, and chief citizens from the principal towns, The king's uncles, seeing that now all those of the king's council were summoned to attend, and all who held fiefs from the king whom they hated, were either dead or had quitted the country, The reason for this parliament being made so general, was, that the thought it time to put the government on a stable footing; for, not- archbishop of Canterbury had remonstrated in the council, and to the withstanding they had put to death, or banished, all who were ob- king's uncles, that when they had crowned king Richard, though all noxious to them, they never intended to deprive the king of his crown, who held fiefs under him had made their homage, and held their lands but only to reform and regulate his government more to his own and accordingly, he was not of a proper age legally to receive their oaths. country's honor. They therefere said to the archbishop of Canter- A king by right must be twenty-one years of age before he can justly bury, "You will go with your state to Bristol, where you will find govern the kingdom, and, until that time,,should be under the tutelage the king, and remonstrate with him on the affairs of his realm, and of his uncles, if he have any, or under those of his subjects the nearesl the condition they are now in: recommend us to him, and say, that related to him. The archbishop added, that as now the king was of we entreat he will not put any belief in what he may hear to our the proper age, he advised, for greater~security, all who held any discredit: for he has too long done so, against his own honor and lands under him should renew their homage, and acknowledge him profit, as well as to the hurt of the kingdom. You will likewise for their lord. This opinion of the archbishop was acceded to by say, that we and the good city of London beg he will return hither, the king's uncles, and was the cause of so general a summons being where he will be received with the utmost joy; and we will agree to sent abroad for all persons to attend this parliament. Every one his having the nomination of his council in any way most agreeable having obeyed, London and Westminster were much crowded. to him. We charge you, however, archbishop, on no account to re. On the day appointed, the king heard mass royally clothed, with turn without him, for those who are now attached to him will be the crown on his head, in the chapel of the palace, which is very made discontented. Tell him, also, not to be angered for such handsome and richly decorated. The archbishop of Canterbury said traitors as were near his person, who may have been slain or driven mass, and performed divine service. He was attentively heard, for out of the kingdom, for by them his crown was in danger of being he was an excellent preacher. When the service was over, the king's lost." uncles kissed him, in sign of homage, and swore faith and duty to The archbishop promised to accomplish the matter as well as he him for ever.' Then came the barons, prelates, and all who held anywas able, and, having soon made his preparations, set out for Bristol thing under him, and with joined hands, as was becoming vassals, in grand array, such as became so reverend a prelate, and fixed his swore faith and loyalty, and kissed him on the mouth. It was visible lodgings in the town. The king lived very privately, for all those that the king kissed some heartily, others not; for though he checked who used to be with him were either dead or banished, as you have himself as much as possible, all were not in his good graces; but he heard.'The archbishop was one whole day and two nights in the dissembled, for he wished not to act contrary to his uncles. If he town before the king would see him, so sorely vexed was he with his had possessed the power, he would not have behaved thus, but have uncles for having driven away the duke of Ireland, whom he loved wreaked a cruel revenge on those who had, as he thought, so unde above all mankind, and for having put to death his chamberlains and servedly put to death sir Simon Burley and his other knights. knights. At length, he was so well advised that he admitted the The archbishop of York was summoned by the council to atten& archbishop to his presence. On his entrance, he humbled himself to do his homage, and purge himself from the things that had been much before the king, and then addressed himwarmly on the sub- laid to his charge; for he had always been a partisan of the duke of iects the dukes of York and Gloucester had charged him with. He Ireland, and in opposition to the king's uncle's. When he received gave him to understand, if he did not return to London, according this summons, knowing he was not beloved by the dukes of York or to the entreaties of his uncles, the citizens of London, and the preater Gloucester, he was fearful of the event, and therefore sent his nephew, part of his subjects, he would make them very discontented; and he the son of lord Neville, to make his excuses. He instantly set out remonstrated, that without the aid of his uncles, barons, prelates, for London, and, on his arrival waited on the king first, to whom he ktnights, and commons, from the chief towns, he would be unable to made excuses for his uncle, and performed, as proxy, the homage of act, or to hIave any compliance given to his will. This he had been the archbishop. The king received his excuses, for he loved this charged to tell him, and likewise that he could not more rejoice his archbishop more than that of Canterbury, and bore him out before enemnies, nor more effectually hurt his country, than by making war the council, otherwise he would have been heavily fined: through on his fi'iends. The yorqng king was inclined to listen to the argu- attention to the king the council admitted his excuses, and he was ments of the archbishop; but the insult that had been offered him, suffered to remain in his diocese. For a long time, however, he was bybeheadinr~g those of his council in whom he had no fault to find, was too fresh in his memory for him instantly to comply. Many * This chapel was afterwards converted into the house of commons, and continuesi plans were pr him; at last, by the good advice of the queen, o be used as such till its destruction by fire in 18534. When it was enlargerl Cor the adplans were proposed to him; at last, by the good advice of the queen, mission of the membera froam Ireland on the union, many of the paintings and othsf and of the most prudent of his counsellors, who had remained with ornaments were discovered. and have been entraven and puaished. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 447 afraid to reside at York, but lived at Newcastle on Tyne, near the any towns, ladies can do but little." This was the language held in castles of his brother Neville and cousins. Thus were affairs in different parts of the English army, by many knights and squires when England; but the king had not for some time the command of his among themselves. They were much rejoiced on learning that the council, which was under the control of his uncles, and the barons king of Portugal was near at hand; and when he was within two and prelates before named. We will now return to what was going miles of the town, the duke of Lancaster ani his knights mounted forward in Castille and Portugal. their horses, and went forth to meet him. There was much apparent joy, and the king and the duke, as well as the English and Porta. guese knights, testified great pleasure at meeting. The army of CHAPTER LXXXVIII. Portugal was behind, under the command of six great barons of that country, namely, Pounasse d'Acunha, Vasco Martin de Merlo, the THE RING OF PORTUGAL AND DUKE OF LANCASTER UNITE THEIR FORCES. posdich Dosnedegousse, Salvase de Merle, sir Alleyne Pereira, mar. WREN DISTRESSED TO CROSS THE RIVER DUORO, A GALICIAN SQUIRE, shal, and Joao Rodriguez de SL. Several barons were with the king, PRISONER OF WAR, DIRECTS THEM TO A FORD. whose escort was but three hundred spears. On their anival at IT is right, since the matter requires it, that I now say something Orense, the king was lodged becoming his state, and much at his of the expedition of the duke of Lancaster, and how he persevered ease, and the place was full of horses. The king, duke, and lords, in it this season in Galicia. I will continue it from where I left off, were five days in council, and determined to make an excursion, as I have a great desire to complete its history. with the united armies, toward Medina del Campo and Vilalpando, When the duke and his army had conquered the town and castle where sir Oliver du Guesclin, constable of Castile, and the largest of Orense, they halted there four days to refresh themselves, as there garrison of Frenchmen, were stationed. They were puzzled how were plenty of provisions. On the fifth day, they departed, taking to cross the Duoro, which at times is dangerous, and more so in the the road to Noya. They quartered themselves, for four days, in a summer, from the melting of the snows on the mountains, than in large meadow along the river.side; but the ground was already burnt the winter, when it is frozen, like all other streams. Notwithstandup by the great heat of the sun, and the water was so bad that the ing this difficulty, they resolved to march to Campo, in the hopes of horses would scarcely drink it: many that did so died. Orders were finding a ford; and orders were issued to the armies to this effect. given to dislodge and return to Orense: for the marshals, sir Thomas They were well pleased to receive them, for they had suffered very Moreaux and sir Richard Burley, had declared the castle of Noya to severely at Orense, and in those parts; and many had been carried be impregnable but by a long siege, with great expense of money, off by sickness. and many assaults. The duke of Lancaster, likewise, when there, The king of Portugal and the duke of Lancaster left Orense to. recaived intelligence of the approach of the king of Portugal and his gether; but their armies were separated, because they were not acarmy, consisting of three thousand spears and ten thousand service. quainted, nor understood each other's language, and likewise to preable men: so that, when the two armies should be united, something vent any disputes or riots that might fall out between them; for the essential might be done; for the duke had with him fifteen hundred Portuguese are passionate, overbearing, and not easily pacified, and knights and squires, and six thousand archers. This intelligence the English are spiteful and proud. The constables and marshals of greatly pleased the duke; he decamped from before Noya, where he each army, when they sen-t out parties to forage, ordered them to had done nothing, and returned to Orense. He sent for his duchess take separate routes. These armies, which were sufficient to comand ladies, declaring he would there wait the arrival of the king of bat what force the king of Castille and his allies could bring to the Portugal. field, continued their march until they came to the river Duoro. This The king of Portugal and his marshals, having taken possession was not easy to pass; for it is deep, with high banks, and full of of Ferrol, marched- for Orense to meet the duke of Lancaster. On broken rocks, except at certain bridges, which had either been de-. their road, they came to Ville-de-Padron, which at first showed symp. str-oyed, or so strongly fortified and guarded, it was not possible to toms of rebellion, but, when the army appeared, they submitted. The attempt them with hopes of success. While they were considering king and his army remained in the town and adjoining country fif- how they could cross it, it chanced that sir John Holland, the conteen days, and greatly wasted its provisions, notwithstanding a suffi- stable, sir Thomas Moreaux and sir Richard Burley, the marshals, ciency came to them from Portugal. Galicia was ruined by these or their foragers, during an excursion, fell in with a squire of Galicia, two armies; and the weather was now become so exceedingly hot, called Domingo Vargas, who was riding through the country, having that none could venture abroad, after eight o'clock in the morning, passed the river: he knew that all the bridges were broken down, without risk of death. While the duke and duchess of Lancaster but he was acquainted with a ford that could easily be passed on remained in Orense, their men and horses were suffering greatly for horseback or on foot; and when he saw the enemy, he had turned want of forage and water: there were neither fresh grass nor green back, and was riding for this ford. He was made prisoner, and food, for the ground was too parched for any seeds to spring. The brought to these lords, who examined him as to a ford; and the con. whole country was burnt up; and the English were forced to send stable told him, that if he would show them a safe one, for he had heard their foragers twelve, sixteen, nay twenty leagues, for food for them- there were such, he would not only give him his liberty, but make selves and horses. Consider what their difficulties must have been. him a handsome present besides. The squire was not well advised, The knights and squires of England found the wines so strong and and too eager to gain his liberty and the constable's gift; he thereardent, that they affected their heads, stomachs, and bowels, and fore said, that he would show them a place where the whole army they had not any remedy; for there was a great scarcity of good might cross in safety. The constable and marshals were so joyful water, to temper them with, or to cool them. Their food was con-. on hearing this, that they sent to acquaint the duke with the good trary to what they had always been accustomed to; for in their own news. The armies followed the vanguard of the constable, which had country they live at their ease, while now they were burnt with ex- arrived at the ford. The squire entered the river as their guide; and ternal and internal heat. The greatest lords were in the utmost when they saw there was not any danger, all passed in the best manpoverty and distress; and such effects as were natural, followed, ner they could. which I shall relate to you. The van, having crossed, halted on the bank to guide the main The English knights and squires, seeing their difficulties increase, army over. Sir John Holland kept his promise with the Galician from the scarcity of forage and the extreme heat of the weather, be. squire, by giving him his'liberty and a present; and he instantly set gan to murmur and say, "Our expedition seems drawing to a poor off for Medina del Campo, where the king of Castille then was. It end; for we remain too long in one place." " Thatis true," replied is a handsome and strong city in thai country. The duke of Lanothers: "and we have another thing much against us; we have caster and the king of Portugal rode in company, and came to this brought women, who only wish to remnain quiet; and for one day ford, which is called Place-ferrade, where the gravel is sound and that they are inclined to travel, they will repose fifteen. It is this firm. They crossed without difficulty, as did their armies; the rear which has checked us, and will be our destruction; for if, on our division crossed on the morrow, and they all encamped themselves landing at Corufia, we had advanced into the country, we should on its banks. News was soon carried to Reales Castroreris, Medina have succeeded in putting'` under our obedience, for none would del Campo, Vilalpando, Saliagan, and to the other towns and castles have dared to oppose us; but these long residences have encouraged in Castille, that the English had passed the Duoro, having discovered a our enemies, who have strengthened their strong places, and rein. ford. They were much surprised, and said they must have been forced their towns and castles with men-at-arms from France; and shown it through treachery; for, if it had not been made known by have also posted them in the narrow passes, and along the rivers, to some of the natives, they would never have found it out. There is guard and defend tlem. They will defeat us without a battle; for nothing but what sooner or later is discovered, by servants or other. they know it would be more to their advantage to decline it. This wise. The lords attached to the king of Castille learnt that Do. kingdom of Castille is not so pleasant a country to make war in as mingo Vargas had pointed out to them this ford; he was instantly ar. France, where there are plenty of large villages, a fair country, fine rested, and having acknowledged what he had done, was condemed rivers, ponds, rich pastures, and agreeable and substantial wines for to death. He was carried to Vilalpando, and there beheaded. men-at-arms to refresh themselves with, and a sun and climate finely temperate; but here everything is the reverse." "VWhat the deuce," said others, "what business had the duke to bring his wife and daughters with him, since he came hither for conquest? It was quite unreasonable, for they have been a great hindrance to him. It is well known throughout all Castille, that he and his brother are the lawful heirs of the crown, in right of their wives, who were daughters of don Pedro; but, with regard to the conquest or the surrender of 448 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. shouting their cries, with their spears in their rests; and, when near, C H A P T E R L X X X I X. the English being prepared, stuck spurs into their horses to meet SIR WALTER DE FASSAC AND SIR WILLIAM DE LIGNAC ADVISE THE KCING them. The shock was very great; and several of each side were OF CASTILLE NOT TO RISK A BATTLE BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF THE unhorsed on the sand. This would not have ended so speedily, and DUKE OF BOURBON. A PARTY OF THE E.NGLISH SKIRMISH WITH THE other weapons would have been resorted to when the lances failed; GARRISON OF BOILALANDO. THE DUTE OF LANCASTER IS DISWIRITHH but the dust from the movements of the horses, was so great and GARRHISOWN OFLVHEALTHANDO THE DUKETSCNS O F LACSTRIS AIFRMY.D n BY HIS ON ILL HEALTH TE GRET SICNESS OF HS RY. disagreeable, they could not know each other; their horses were covered with dust as well as themselves; and it was in such clouds THE king of Castille, on hearing that the king ofPortugal and the that they could not breathe without swallowing large mouthfuls. duke of Lancaster were fast approaching with so great a force, was This caused the attack to cease, and the French and English to much alarmed, and sent for sir Walter de Passac and sir William de withdraw from the combat: the first returned to Vilalpando. There Lignac, to whom he said, " I am exceedingly surprised that the duke was not any slain, nor much hurt on either side. The English knights of Bourbon is not arrived. Our enemies have taken the field, and, if went not more than one league beyond Vilalpando before they re, no one oppose them, will destroy my whole country. My subjects turned to their army, when they disarmed themselves; for they were are very discontented that we do not offer them combat. Tell me, seized with fevers and other disorders, which brought them to death's my fair sirs, how I had best act." The two lords, who from great door. experience, knew more of arms than the king, and for this had they The duke of Lancaster was greatly dispirited, and knew not how been sent from France to Castille, replied, "Sir king, depend upon to act; for he saw his army daily wasting away, and was grieved to it, the duke of Bourbon will come. On his arrival, we will consider find that the greater and better part were confined to their beds. He what is to be done; but, until then, do not make any preparations himself was so unwell, that if he had not been afraid to dishearten to meet your ellemies. Let them make what excursions they please: his men, he would gladly have kept his chamber. He addressed they keep the field, and we the towns and castles, which are well pro- himself to the king of Portugal, and desired him to say what, in the vided with everything, and garrisoned by good men-at.arms. They present circumstances, should be done; for he was much alarmed at are suffering from the heat of the sun and weather, while we enjoy this mortality in his army. The king replied; "That, from appearthe shade and refreshing breezes. They have found the country ances, it did not seem probable the Castillians would offer them comwasted, and the further they advance they will have so much the bat at this season: for they showed more inclination that they should greater scarcity of forage. It was for the chance of their entering waste themselves and their provision." " How then would you adyour country, that all the small forts have been demolished, wherein vise me to act?" asked the duke. "I will tell you," answered the the farmers intended placing their wealth. This was, sir king, wisely king: "as the weather is now so exceedingly hot, I would advise done; for they would by their means have been enabled to keep pos- that you march your army into Galicia, and give your men permis. session of those parts where they now are; but at present they can sion to recruit themselves wherever they please; but to return pre. find nothing but what they have brought with them, except the great pared to recommence the campaign in March or April. Endeavor heat of a burning sun, which you may be assured must soon destroy to procure large reinforcements from England, under the command of them. Though all your towns and castles are well provided and one of your brothers, and provision in plenty for the winter season. garrisoned, we can believe that some may be attacked and won, for A kingdom is not soon conquered, nor a climate instantly rendered tkat is the delight of men-at.-arms.- In such way they love to pass agreeable to the constitution of strangers. Your army will be quartheir time, and for this do they seek adventures through the world. tered in the different towns now under your obedience, and will pass Do not, therefore, be any way cast down; for in this business, we their time as they can." engage, you shall not suffer any great loss." This speech greatly "This may be right," said the duke; "but the consequence ill comforted the king of Castille, and he was well pleased with them, be, that as soon as our enemis shall know we have separated, and for he felt that what they had sFaid was the truth. are acquainted that you are retired to Portugal with your army, and We will return to the duke of Lancaster and the king of Portugal, I with mine to St. Jago or Corufia, they will take the field; for I who, though they kept the field, would have willingly gained some have heard that the king of Castille has four thousand lances, French town to refresh themselves; for the foragers could not find anything, and Bretons, and he will collect as many or more, in his own counand were forced to unite in large bodies for fear of ambuscades. try. Add to this, that the dulke of Bourbon is on his march with two They were so hard pressed, that when, in their excursions, they saw thousand men-at-arms, and will be eager to signalize himself on his at a distance a large village, they were rejoiced, and cried out, "Come arrival. Now, consider, should all this force enter Galicia, what is quick: let us hasten to that village, where we shall find enough there to oppose it? Before we can collect our men and form a june. to forage and enrich ourselves." They hastened their march; but tion, they will have done us considerable damage." " Well, then," when they arrived, they found only the bare walls: there was neither replied the king of Portugal, "in the name of God, let us keep the inhabitants, nor even a dog, nor fowl, so completely had the French field: my men are fresh and unhurt, and equally willing with myself ruined this part of the country. They thus lost their time and ex- to abide the eventh." Tile conference now broke up; and it was pectations, and returned to their lords empty-handed. Their horses resolved they would wait the arrival of the duke of Bourbon, to see were in sorry condition from the want of proper food, and they were if, when he had joined the Castillians, they would offer them battle. fortunate whenever they could meet with any green pastures. Some The English and Portuguese desired nothing more eagerly; for the were so feeble they could not advance, and dropt dead on the road, season was passing, and the heat increasing: it was about St John's through fanine and heat. Their masters were not in a much better day, when the sun is at its height, and intolerably hot, especially in condition, from fevers caused by the oppressive heat of the day, and Castille, Granada, and countries far to the south. There had nti the chill of the nights, without having anything proper to refresh or fallen any rain or dew since the beginning of April, so that the whole recover themselves. Thus was it in the duke's army; for the Eng- country was burnt up. The English ate plentifully of grapes wher. lish have a weaker constitution than the Portuguese, who bore all ever they found them; and, to quench their thirst, drank of the strong these difficulties without hurt, being hardy and accustomed to the wines of Castille and Portugal: but the more they drank the more climate of Castille. In this melancholy state were the English: they were heated; for this new beverage inflamed their livers, lungs, many died of their disorders, more especially such as were not well and bowels, and was in its effect totally different from their usual attended, and had not wherewithal to provide proper remedies. liquors. The English, when at home, feed on fresh meats and good Sir Richard Burley, sir Thomas Percy, the lord Fitzwalter, sir rich ale, which is a diet to keep their bodies wholesome; but now Maubrun de Linieres, sir John d'Ambreticourt, Thierry and William they were forced to drink hard and hot wines, of which they were de Soumain, with two hundred lanlces of such as were desirous ti seek not sparing, to drown their cares. The early part of the night is renown, mounted the best horses in the army, with the intent to sur- warm, from the great heat of the day, but toward sunrise, it is very prise the French garrison in Vilalpando. They had heard that sir cold, which afflicted them sorely; for they slept without covering, Oliver du Guesclin, constable of Castille, had with him there, in gar- and quite naked, from the heat of the weather, and the wine, so that rison, some of the ablest knights of France. They left the army one when morning came they were chilled by the change of the air, morning, after drinking a cup, equipped like foragers, and came to which checked all perspiration, and flung them into fevers and fluxes, a snall brook that runs below Vilalpando, which they crossed by so as to carry them off instantly to their graves. Thus died veiry many spurring their horses over. The alarm was soon spread through the of the barons and knights, as well as of the lower ranks; for these town, that the English were at the barriers. You would have seen, disorders spared none. nad you been there when this was known, knights arming themselves hastily, and advancing toward the lodgings of the constable, servants saddling horses and hurrying with them to their masters. Sir Oliver du Guesclin would have restrained his companions from sallying CHAP ER XC. forth to meet the English, had he been able; but their courage was THE DUKE OF LANCASTER DISBANDS MIS ARMY. THREE ENGLISH KNIGHTS, too impetuous, so out they sallied, gallantly mounted on horses that BAYING OBTAINED PASSPORTS, WAIT ON THE RING OF CASTILLE, TO NE. had been inactive and well fed. Among the first were, sir John GOTIATE A RETREAT FOR THE MEN-AT-ARMS THROUGH HIS KINGDOM. des Barres, the viscount de Besliere, sir Robert and sir John de Bra- GooD or evil fortune depends upon a trifle. You may readily be. quemont, sir Peter de Villaines, sir Tristan de la Jaille. lieve that the duke of Lancaster, having gained a footing in Castille, When the English had made their course before the town, they would never have lost, by any defeat in battle, such numbers as he repassed the brook in the same manner as before, and retreated to a was ow daily doing by sickness. He himself was almost dead of large sand bank, when they drew up in handsome array, about three thepestilence I have mentioned. Sir John Holland, constable of the bow.shots distant from the brook. The French knights advanced, ar.ry; saw, with great concern, the miserable situati on it was;n from CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &e. 449 this disorder, ifrom which scarcely one escaped; and was forced daily ticourt, embassadors to the king of Castille. They set off as scon as to hear the complaints of high and low, in such terms as these; "Allh, possible, for there was much want of physicians and medicines, as my lord of Lancaster, why have you brought us to Castille? Ac- well as of fresh meat for the numerous sick who were scattered in cursed be the expedition. He does not, probably, wish that any different parts. These ernbassadors passed through Vilalpando, Englishman should ever again quit his country to serve him. He where sir Oliver du Guesclin received them handsoi'rn'.. and enter. seemns resolved to kick against the pricks. He will have his men tained them at supper. On the morrow, one of the knights called guard the country he has conquered; but when they shall all be Tiritemach, a Breton, was their conductor, to secure them against dead, who will then guard it? He shows but poor knowledge of the numerous parties of Bretons which were abroad. They arrived war; for, when he saw that no one came to oppose him, why did he safely at Medina del Campo, where they found the king impatient to not make an opportune retreat into Portugal or elsewhere, to avoid know what had brought them thither. When they had refi.~shed and the losses he must now suffer? for we shall all die of the confounded dressed themselves at a ho)tel that had been prepared for them, they disorder, and without having struck a blow." Sir John IHolland was were conducted by some knights of the household to the presence at much hurt on hearing such language, for the honor of the duke, the king, who apparently received them with pleasure. They pre. whose daughter he had married; and, as it was increasing, he deter- sented him letters firom the constable, but from none else; for the mined to remonstrate with him on their situation, which he could, duke of Lancaster excused himself, and would not at this tine, nor from his connection, more freely do than any other. He therefore oa such a subject, write to him. addressed him; "1 MIy lord, you must immediately alter your plans, The knights and squires of France were not present at this inter. for your army is wholly laid up with sickness. If any attack should view, although they were of the king's privy council, and nothing be now made on you, you could not draw any service from it; for was done respecting the war without their consent. The embassa. the men are all worn down and discontented, and their horses dead. dors addressed the king, saying: " Sir king, we are come hither on Buthigh and low are so discouraged by this disorder, that I repeat, the part of the constable of the army the duke of Lancaster has you must not expect any service firom them." " What can I do?" brought firom England. But unfortunately very gyeat sickness and replied the duke: "I wish to have such advice as is reasonable." mortality have befallen it: the constable therefore entreats, that you "My lord," said sir John Holland, "I think you had best give per.- would have the goodness to open your country and towns to such as mission for your men to retire whithersoever they please; and I would may desire to try change of air for the recovery of their health, if it advise that you yourself go to Portugal, or return to Galicia, for you may be recovered, and to enter your towns to recruit their strength; are not in a state to undergo hardships." "That is well considered," and if some should wish to return to England by land, he begs you answered the duke: "I consent to what you propose; and you may would interest yourself with the kings of France and Navarre, that give our men notice, that I permit them to go into Castille, France, they may, at their own costs, freely pass through their territories, in or wherever else they may choose, so they enter not into any treaty their way home. This is the sole object of our mission, and the re. with our enemies; for I clearly see this campaign is over. Let them quest we have to make you." The king very graciously replied; be fully paid for their services as far as our treasury can go, and also " We will consider what will be proper for us to do, and give you. for the expenses of their journey, and then make our chancellor de- our answer." The knights replied, they were satisfied. liver them their discharge." The constable replied, that he would see this done. He ordered the intentions of the duke to be signified throughout the army by CHAPT R CI. 0~~~~~~~~~~ CHIAP T ER X CI. sound of trumpet, and gave notice to the captains to come to him with thieir accounts, when they would be settled and paid, to their T.E ENGLISH EMBASSADORS OBTAIN PASSPORTS FROMt THE ItRNG FOR THERi sat.-faction. This order was agreeable to all, particularly to those SICK TO PAtS SN SAFErY THROUGH CASTtLLE, OR TO REMAIN THERE TO smREOE ToPSEIR HEAFETH. MANYROUGHTAN CSQUIRES DIE TORIN THEE who hoped change of air would restore them to health. The barons RECOER THESE HEALTH. L ANv KNIGHTS AND SQUIRES A IE SN CAS.. and knights held a council how they were to return to England: by TILLE. THE DUE OF LANCSTER DANGEROUSL ILL AT T JA. sea it was impossible, for they had no vessels, and were at a distance THE English knights, on taking leave of the king, went to their from any seaport. They were, besides, so emaciated and weak, lodgings, where they remained until the third day, when they re. from the fevers and fluxes, that they would have been unable to bear turned to the palace. The king of Castille was much rejoiced at a sea voyage. Having considered the matter well, they found they their request; for he saw there would be an end to the war foi a had no oth'r choice than through France; but some said: "How long time, when his enemies solicited leave to march peaceably can we go thither? we have enemies in all the countries we must through his kingdom. He was determined what answer to make, pass. First, there is Castille: we are now carrying on a destructive though his council had advised otherwise; and, wishing to pay due war against it: then Navarre and Arragon. These two kingdoms honor to the French knights, he sent for sir Walter de Passac and are allied, the one to Castille, and the other to France. Arragon has sir William de Lignac. Having explained to them the object of the already showed its spite, for the stneschal of Bordeaux informs us, English knights' embassy, and the request of the constable, he de. that since our arrival in this country, he has thrown the archbishop manded from them how he should act; and desired sir Walter to of Bordeaux into prison at Barcelona, who had gone thither to demand give him his opinion. Sir Walter was unwilling to speak before the from the king the arrears that are due to England. Should we send members of the council; but, as the king would have it so, he saidto ask passports from France, the journey would take up too much,, Sir, matters are come to the conclusion we always foretold, tha! time; and, when our messenger should be arrived, we have little your enemies would be worn down and destroyed, without strikin;, hopes that the kIing, who is young, or his council, would grant them; a blow. Since their sick so humbly ask assistance and comfort it. for the constable of France, sir Oliver de Clisson, hates us mortally, your country, you should grant their request; but on condition that. and this is increased by his imagining his enemy, the duke of Brit- if they recover, they do not return to the duke of Lancaster or tc tany, intends turning to England. Others, who were farther sighted, the king of Portugal, but continue their road straight homeward,:. and of more sense, said; "Let all doubts be laid aside. The best and that they engage not to bear arms against y,'u, nor the realm ol thing we can do is to try the king of Castille, who may perhaps not Castille, for the term of six years. We also hope you may be sue. only allow us to pass peaceably through his country, but also obtain cessful in obtaining leave for them to pass with safety through Na.. for us the same permission from Arragon, France, and Navarre." varre and France." The king was well contented with this advice,. This measure was adopted, and a herald, called Derby, sent for, for it was what he was inclined to; and he was indifferent what, to whom were given letters addressed to the king of Castille. The terms were made, so that he got rid of the English. He replied to herald set off, and followed the road to Medina del Camnpo, where sir Walter, "You have loyally counselled me, and I thank you: itthe king then resided. When in his presence, he cast himself on his shall be done as you propose." knees and presented his letters, which were written in French. The English knights were sent for, and conducted into the presence. When the king had read them, and understood their meaning, he chamber, where were the king and his whole council. T'he bishop smiled, and, turning to a knight who was the steward of his house- of Burgos, as chancellor, and a great orator, thus addressed them: hold, said; "Take care of this herald: he shall have his answer to-, Ye knights of England, attached to the duke of Lancaster, who, night, that he may return early to-morrow morning." The king have been sent hither by his constable, listen to the answer the king entered his closet, and sent for sir Walter de Passac and sir William gives to your requests. Out of his great pity and goodness he is de. de Lignac, to whom he showed the letters, and asked what answer sirous of doing to his enemies all the kindness in his power. On he should send. The substance of these letters was, in a few words, your return to the constable, you will tell him from the king of Cas. as follows. Sir John Holland, constable of the English army, desired till, that he may publish, by sound of trumpet, throughout his army, the king of Castille to send passports for three knights to come to him that this country is open and ready to receive, sick or well, all and return, that they might have a conference with him. The two knights, squires, and their attendants, who may be desirous of coming, knights replied; "It will, my lord, be right that you grant these pass- hither, on condition that, at the gates of whatever city or town they ports, for then you will know what it is they want." "I agree to it," may wish to enter, they there lay aside their armor and arms, when said the king, and instantly ordered a passport to be drawn out for they will be conducted, by those ordered fr' the purpose, to hotels ~te conlnag and return of six knights, if it were agreeable to the con- prepared for them. They will then have their names written down stable, with their attendants. When this was sealed with the great and delivered to the governor, in order that those who may have seal, and with the king's signet, it was given to the herald, and resided in any towns may not, on any pretext whatever, return to twenty francs with it: having received the whole, he returned to tht Galicia or Portugal, but quit the country as soon as may be. In ad. duke of Lancaster and the constable at Orense. dition, the king of Castille engages to obtain a safe passage for such ~ Tne herald gave the constable the passport, who appointed sir as may intend to go to Calais, or anyother seaport they may choose, Maubrun de Linieres, sir Thomas Moreaux, and sir John d'Ambre- in Brittany, Saintonae, Normandy, or Picardy, through the kingdom.' 450 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. of France and Navarre. It is the king's command, that those reported through Castille and France that he was dead: indeed, he knights and squires, of whatever nation they be, who shall under- very narrowly escaped. Thierry de Soumain, who was of grcat take this journey, do not bear arms against the kingdom of Castille, valor, and squire of the body to the duke, was attacked by this disunder any pretence, for the space of six years: this they will sol- order, and died at Betancos. He was born in Hainault, and his death emnly swear to observe at the time the passports are delivered to was much bewailed. His brother William continually attended him them. You will carry with you all theseconditions, fairly written, during his illness, by which he ran great risk of his life. You must to the constable, and to your companions, who have sent you hither." know, that there were none so bold, so rich or so fair, but were The knights thanked the king and his council for the answer they afraid, and were daily expecting death. The disorder solely attacked had received, but added, "They would not say that all the condi-. the duke's army, for the French were no way affected. tians should be accepted: if they were not, they would send back This caused great murmurings among them and the Castillians their herald; and should he not return, they might conclude the they said: "The king allows these English to recruit themselves in whole were accepted." "We are satisfied," replied the council. his towns, which may cost us dear by their bringing the disorder The king withdrew to his closet; but sir Walter de Passac and sir among us." But others replied: "They are Christians like our. William de Lignac remained with the knights, and conducted them selves, and we ought to have compassion on each other." True it to a handsome apartment where a dinner was provided for them. is, that at this period a French knight died in Castille, who was They all dined together: when the dinner was over, they partook of greatly lamented: for he was courteous, gallant, and bold in arms wines and spices in the king's closet, and then took their leave, as his name was sir John de Roye, and he was brother-german to sir their passes were ready for them. On their return to their hotel, Tristan, sir Reginald, and sir Lancelot de Roye. I will relate the they instantly mounted their horses; for the king's harbingers had cause of his death. While in garrison in a town of Castille, called supplied them with all things at his expense, and, leaving Medina, Segbonne, he had an imposthume in his body. Being young and they rode to Vilalpando, and lay at Noya. The next day they came lusty, he paid no attention to it, and one day mounting his courser, to Orense, where they found the constable. During the time they in galloping him over the plains, this imposthume broke. On his rehad been on this embassy, the lord Fitzwalter,* one of the greatest turn, he was laid on the bed, and all seemed well, but on the fourth barons in the duke's army, had died: he was a valiant knight, and day he died. There were very great lamentations made after him by much lamented; but none can strive against death. His obsequies all his friends: he was deserving of them for his amiable character were very honorably performed, and the king of Portugal and the and gallantry in arms. duke of Lancaster attended them. The three knights waited on the duke, to show him their papers, and relate what they had seen anid heard. Some said the conditions CHAPTER XCII. were hard; but others denied it, and said they were courteous sTE JOITN HOLLAND TAKES LEAVE OF TIIE DUKE OF LANCASTER, AND enough, considering the situation and danger they were in. It was RETURNS WITH ITIS LADY, THROUGH CASTILLE, NAVARRE, AND BAYknown in the army, that the duke would discharge all who desired ONNE, TO BORDEAUX. siR JOHN D'AMBRElTICOURT GOES TO PARIS, it, and that they might enter Castille with safety. Those who felt ill TO ACCOMPLISH A DEED OF ARMS WITH TEE LORD BOUCICAUT. or feeble, and wished to change the air, took leave of the duke and NOT constable, and left the army as soon as they were able; but, before WTTANDNG this disorder was so very infecios that the their departure, many received their whol pay in hard money, the reater part of the English fled from it, sir John Holland and several had sufficient security for it, so that they were all well contented. knights and uires emained with the due. The knihtsseeng there wag an end to the war, were impatient to change the aire, and Some went to Vilalpando, others to Ruelles, to Noya, to Medina te was an end to the war, were impatienutto change the atr, and,del Campo, to Caleforis, or to St. Phagon. They were everywhere sai to the constble: "Sir, permit us to set out n ourreturn t wel received, and had lodins fund them, and had their names Bayonne or Bordeaux, to escape the effect of this pestilence, for our -werecittendw and ha ogieng toun them adifrn goerordi thei manners writtndonandgive tthlord of Lancaster desires it. When he shall wish to have our servi-~written down? and g~iven to ~the different governors in the manner I hecnaslsodbywingisom ns;ndesal,have mentioned. The greater part of the nobility went to Vilal- ces, he can easly do by wtng his commands; and we shall and, because it was grrisoed by foreigners, Betos, ech serve him more effectually when we have recovered our health, than ormans, and Poitevins, under the coumad of sir Oliver es in the state of languor we now fatally experience." They repeated,Normans, and P ite ins under the co r of Oliver du this so often, that sir John Holland told the duke of their discontents. o. TheEnglis had mort e cn fidence itosIhaenmdadThe duke answered: "Sir John, I am willing that you and such ~with reason, than in the Castillians. Thus was the expedition of athduket of Lancaster pat an end to, knights as choose, set out on your return home, and that you take all -and every one sought the best he could for himself. You may sup- our people with you. Recommend me o my lord the kin, and:pose that this was a bitter disappointment to the duke, for he saw all salute from me my brethers, and such and such persons," whom he named. "1 I will cheerfully do so," replied the constable; " but his ambitious expectations annihilated: he bore, however, his misnamed. yI awicee do sorl the coustisle h habut,fortunes like a gallant prince as he was, for he perceived he could fortunes like a gallant prince as he was, for he percelived he could nmy lord, are you aware, that though the council of Castille has hand. not ay way amend it. The ing of Portugal, inding the business somely allowed our sick to enter any towns they may please for the was over, dismissed his army, retaining only three hundred spears, recovery of their health, they must not, when well, return to you in and left Orense, with the duke of Lancaster, who returned with his Galicia, nor in Portugal? And if' we passthrough France, in our uchess to Saint ag d Compostella. The ing remained there road to Calais, the French knights of the council of Castille have,duches toe ~ait days:on the fifotha The kidremained, wthearehoha with them fu days: on the fifth he deprted, with all who had conditioned that we do not arm against France for the space of six;accomp'ai led him,/for Oporto, where his queen resided.;ccompam ied him, for Oporto, where his queen resided. years, unless the king of England command in person." I must now relate what befel many of those knights and squires Si Jhn," said the due, you must knw that the French, -who, on leaving the duke, had retired into Castfille, and were lodged t who, on leaving~ the duke, bed retired into Castille, and were led adwhenever they have an opportunity, will take every advantage over us. But I will tell you how you shall act. You will pass through in different towlns. Those who had been afflicted with the disorder, us But I will tell you how you shall act. You will pass through notwithstanding they had changed the air and medicines, could never teso aarsn otekn:h sorcui omryw notwi'thstanding they had eaanned the air and medicines, could'.ver Castille in a courteous manner, and, when you shall be on the fron.:.recover, and several died in Vilalpmndo. Many barons and knights er Navarrte, send to the king: he is our cousin: formerly we of England died in their beds to the great loss of their country, while were stronly united, and the conection is not broken; for, ever the king of Castihle was obtaining them passports to travel through since we bore Srms for him in his war against our adversary of Gas. ]Navarre and France; but the distance, and other obstacles delayed hue, we have constantly kept up a mutual correspondence, like tilte, we have constantly kept up a mutual correspondence, like the accomplishment. Three great and powerful barons died at Vil-. ousss and friends. We have never had any quarrel, nor have we,;atpando; sir Richard Burley, who had been chief marshal of tae lake the French, made war upon him. For these reasons, he will army, time lord iings,tl and sir Henry Percy, cousingerman to the readily grant permission for you and your men to pass through his,.earl of Northumberland. Sir Maubrun de Linieres died at Noya:.earl of Northniaberland. Sir Mamabrun tie Linieres died at Noys: country. On your arrival at St. Jean du Pied des Ports, take the i he was a valiant and able knight from Poitou. Lord Talbot,i a great road through Biscay to Bayonne: that is our inheritance: and thence you may gro to Bordeaux without any danger from the French, * baton in Wales, died at Ruelles: and of this pestilence there tied, thence you may o0 to Bordeaux without any danger from the French,'n lifferent places, twelve potent barons, full eighty knights, and two to efresh yourselves. When recovered, you may there embar,,in diff ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~t refi'esh yourselves. When recovered, you may there embark, hundred sures, all gentlemen. Conider what an unfortunate loss traverse the deep, and land in Cornwall, or Southampton, as the wind:,this was, and to be sustained without having a battle or striking a may e favorable." Sir Joh replied, he would punctually follow.blow. Of archers and other men, upward of five hundred died; the plan he had laid down, and began to make his preparations accordingly. It was not long after this that the constable, with a1 *and I was told by an English knight with whom I conversed, om his accordingly. It was ndot long after this that the constable, with all.return through France, whose name was sir Thomas Queensbury,.retmarn throuzgh France, whose name was sir Thomas Queeushury, the men-at-arms and others, took their departure; and the duke and;that of fifteen hundred men-at.arms and about four thousand archers duchess remained at Saint Jago, attended by their household only. 0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~duchess remained at Saint Jago, attended by their household only. wlmoni the dukf e of Lancaster had broughtn with him from England, h Sir John Holland carried his lady with him, and arrived at the city ~ho othed o fLnechasteer ha rougturned himfomengad ~ot one-ha~lf ever returned home. of Zamora, which is large and handsome, where he met the king oT The duke of Lancaster fell dangerously sick, and became very Castille, ir Water ie Passac and sir William de ignac. hey'low-spirited, at Saint Jago. He was so ill, that it was firequently politely received him ad his company, as lords do when they meet. In truth, the king was more rejoiced at the departure of the English "Lord Fitawalter." See Dugridte, who mentions his gallantry in the attack on the timan at taeir arrival; for it seemed clear to him that the war was,i~lock-ho.se hefore Brest, but omits taking notice of his demmth in Spain. indeed, he only comnpletely at an end, and that the duke of Lancaster would never be says, that, "The departed this life the year ensuing (10th Richard II.) on a Wedntesday ab)le to bring again so large a force to Castille from England, for he:,peediuig the feast of St. Michael. This does not tally with the season of the year was well informed how much that country was disunited within,when tlmeiecats are so great in Span. i' "bLrd Poinrings." —See DuoVALE. itself 4,Ths nust be at mistake, for Lord Talbot did not die until the'45mtl Richard SI.OPAJrL,.. When the English, who had retired to the towns in Castille for CHRONICLES oF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 451 the recovery of their healths, heard that sir John Holland was on his thither to receive and feast him. When he had been thus enter. march with the remnant of the army homeward, they were greatly tained for the space of six days, he departed, and went to Valencia. rejoiced, and made instant preparations to join him. Among the It was there he first heard that the English army had retreated, and number were, thle lord de Chameaux,* sir Thomas Percy, the lord that sir John Holland had led the greater part into Navarre; that de Leluyton,t and the lordBradestan, with many more, to the amount there had been a great mortality among the English; and that his of a thousand horse. Those that were sick looked on themselves as cousin, the duke of Lancaster, lay dangerously ill at Saint Jago: the half recovered the moment their hopes were raised of returning to report was, that he was actually dead. Notwithstanding tis intelli. England, so much had they of late suffered. gence, which rendered his march useless, he continued advancing, When sir John Holland took leave of the king of Castille, he and informed the king of Castille of his arrival, who was much reshowed to him and his barons much affection, and gallantly pre. joiced thereat, and appointed Burgos for their place of meeting. The sented them with handsome mules; he likewise ordered all the ex. king ordered all things to be properly prepared in that city for his penses of their journey to be defrayed. On their departure, they reception, and went thither; for many of the French, who were with took the road to St. Phagon, where they rested three days: they him, were anxious to see the duke of Bourbon. The duke, having were well received in all places they passed; for they were accom- passed Valencia and Saragossa, entered Castille and came to Burgos. panied by some knights of the king's household, who paid for what- He was most kindly received by the king, barons and prelates of the ever they wanted or wished. They continued their route until they realm. Sir Oliver du Guesclin, constable of Castille, sir William de were out of Castille, and arrived at Najarra, where the famous battle Lignac, sir Walter de Passac, sir John des Barres, sir John and sirt had been fought, then they proceeded to Pamiers; and Logrono, Reginald de Roye, and several knights of France, were present, where they halted: for they were uncertain if the king of Navarre who had left their garrisons to meet the duke of Bourbon. They would allow them to pass through his kingdom. had no longer any fears of the English or Portuguese, for they had They deputed to him two knights, whose names were sir Peter all retreated, and the English had already given up those towns they Bisset and sir William Norwich, who found the king at Tudela. had conquered in Galicia; for they knew that, as their army had left They had an interview with him, and managed so well, they ob- the country, they could not withstand the power of France. tained permission to pass, on paying for whatever they should want. The news was carried to Galicia, that the duke of Bourbon was When the knights returned, they left Logrono for Pampeluna, and anrrived in Castille, with a large body of men-at-arms from France; passed the Pyren6es at Roncesvalles: they then quitted the road for and, as it was spoken of, this force was multiplied to more than B6arn, and took that through Biscay, for Bayonne, where they arrived. double its number. The country, at first, was alarmed lest the duke Sir John Holland and his countess remained there a considerable of Bourbon should march thither to reconquer such towns as had time, but several of his countrymen continued their route to Bor- surrendered; and though the duke of Lancaster was with them, and deaux. Thus ended this expedition of the duke of Lancaster. comforted them as much as he could, they could not get rid of their It happened, during the most active part of the campaign in Cas- fears. When the duke of Lancaster heard his cousin, the duke of tille, when knights and squires were eager after adventures and deeds Bourbon, was with the king of Castille at Burgos, he instantly sent of arms, that the lord Boucicaut had taken the field, and had sent a to the king of Portugal, to entreat he would not disband his army; herald to demand from sir John d'Ambreticourt three courses with for he knew not what the French might intend, now the country spears on horseback. Sir John had agreed to meet him, with the was in so defenceless a state. The king of Portugal, having dis. addition of three courses with daggers, and the same with battle- missed his army, was desirous to oblige the duke, firom the connee axes, all on horseback. Sir John, having so readily assented, sought tion between them, and left Lisbon for Coimbra, whence he issued for him everywhere; but I know not for what reason he had not a summons for all men-at-arms instantly to prepare themselves and advanced to that part of the country. I do not, however, say, nor march to Oporto, to the assistance of the duke of Lancaster, whose mean to say, that the lord Boucicaut was not equal to such a chal- illness would not suffer him to take the field in person, although he lenge, nor even to one of more hardy adventure. When sir John was daily recovering his health. d'Ambreticourt was at Bayonne, with sir John Holland, he thought The duke of Bourbon remained with the king of Castille at Bur. mucl on this challenge, which, having accepted, he considered him- gos, where he received the greatest honors firom the king, the barons self bound to accomplish; and that he could not honorably leave and lords of the realm. Many councils were held, as to what they France without doing so, lest the French might say he had returned should now do: whether to enter Galicia or return to France. The to England dishonorably. He consulted his companions, but espe. king and his ministers saw very clearly which was most to their ad. cially sir John h'olland, how to act. Hle was advised to pass through vantage, and said, when together, "Our country is wasted and ruined France, as he had a good passport, which the duke of Bourbon had by the French; and although they have defended it against the Eng. obtained for him, and go to Paris in search of the lord Boucicaut: he lish, we have paid dear enough. It will be just we thank the duke might hear of him on his road, or at Paris, and the matter would be of Bourbon for the trouble he has had in coming thither, and entreat settled to his honor. This advice being agreeable to him, he de- him, through affection to us, to withdraw his men, for there was not parted, and took the road through the country of the Basques, and now any appearance of war to detain them; that as for Galicia, they camne to OrGths in B~arn, where he found the count de Foix. The could invade and conquer that province themselves, whenever they count received him handsomely, detained him some short time, and, pleased, as it was a trifiirn matter." The king's ministers added: on his going away, presented h'm with two hundred florins and a "If we keep these men, they will expect pay, and, if that be not very flue horse. Sir John d'Ambreticourt continued his road through given to them, they will rob and plunder the country. There are, B6arn, Bigorre, the Toulousain, and Carcassonnois. He was ac- already, many discontents on this subject; and it behooves us to dis. companied by William de Soumain and other squires from Hainault, miss them in a handsome manner." This measure was adopted; who were returning to their own country. On their arrival at Paris, for the king knew well that his kingdom could not be hurt, without he learnt that the king was at that moment in Normandy, and the his suffering from it. The archbishop of Burgos therefore, in the lord Boucicaut, as they said, in Arragon. Sir John, to acquit him. presence of the king and many knights from France, proposed the self honorably, waited on the principal barons of France that were matter to the duke of Bourbon. The duke, as well as his knights, then at Paris, and having staid there eight days to amuse himself, he instantly agreed to it; for they most certainly preferred returning to continuedhis journey to Calais, and those from Hainault went home. France, which is a different country in all respects from Castille, and Thus were the different captains of the army of Castille separated. gave their orders accordingly. The duke of Bourbon, though he came the last, was the first to return, and declared his intentions were, to pass through Navarre, that his people might make prepara. C H A T ~E R x C I II. tions for so doing. On taking his leave of the king, very rich pres ents were made him: he might have had more, had he chosen it THE IDUKE OF BOURBON, ON LEAVING AvIGNON, CONTINUES HIS MARCH but he refused several that were pressed on him., and accepted only TO BURGOS, WHERE HE MEETS THE KING OF CASTILLE. THE DUKE OF mules, horses, and dogs called Allans* in Castile. LANCASTER, BTEING INFORMED OF TIS, ADDRBESSES HIMSELF TO THE Proclamation was made for all persons to leave Castille and return KNE OF PORTUGAL. THE DUKN E OF BOURBON, AFTER A SHORT STATE, to France, according to the orders which had been given by the T~AKES LEAVE OF THE KIN OF CASTILLE, AND RETURNS TO FRANCE. commander-in-chief; but sir Oliver du Guesclin and the marshal, Tr's duke of Bourbon, who had been nominated commander-in. with about three hundred lances, Bretons, Poitevins and Saintongers, chief of the French in Castille, was duly informed of everything that were to remain behind. The duke of Bourbon, having taken leave was passing; but, had he imagined the king of Castille had been so of the king, queen, and barons, was escorted as far as Logrono, much pressed, he would have hastened his march: for he had taken when ha entered Navarre. Wherever he passed, he was most a long time on his journey, and, besides, had followed a round.about honorably received, for the duke was courteous, gallant, and much road. He first went to Avignon, to visit the person who styled him- renowned. The king of Navarre entertained him very kindly, and self pope Clement, where he staid some time, then to Montpelier, showed not any appearance of the hatred he bore to the king of where he halted five days, and as many at Bezieres and Carcassonne; France for having seized his inheritance of the county d'Evreux in frc'.m thence he went to Narbonne and Perpignan, and entered Arra- Normandy. He knew that the present king, who was so nearly regon; for he was desirous of seeing the young king of Arragon and lated to the duke of Bourbon, was no way to blame, for at the time his cousin, the lady Jolante de Bar. The duke continued his journey he was an infant. He mentioned his complaints in an amicable to Barcelona, where he met the king and queen of Arragon, with a numerous body of earls and barons of the country, who had come * "Allan-a kind of big, thick-headed and short~nouted dog; the breed wiameo! __________________________________________________________________ ~came first out of Albania, old Epirus." ~"Lord de Chareeaux." Q. Cbymwell. "Allan de boucherie, like a mastiff —Allan gentil, somewhat like a grayhomad —-Ai "' Lord de elunyton." Q. Some copies reoad lHelmson. "lPamierm." Q. lan sautre, a cur to bait wolves," &c. —CoT'rGvmm's Dictionary. 452 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. manner to the duke, and entreated him to mediate between him and that, when the expedition should be ended, and they on the'r retiai his cousin of France, for which he should hold himself much obliged. they would then talk to them, and make them pay severely. The duke promised to use his endeavors; and on this they parted, When this army was on its return to France, which included all and the duke continued his journey with his men-at-arms peaceably except those who remained with sir Oliver du Guesclin, they said through Navarre, and, having crossed the mountains at Roncesvalles among themselves: "Our arrival at St. Phagon cost us dear,' but and traversed the country of the Basques, entered B6arn at Sauve- they shall fully repay us on our return." They were all of this mind, terre. and, having assembled about one thousand, they entered the town, as there was neither guard nor watch; for the townsmen had forgotC HAPTER XCIV. ten w~at had passed, and hoped the French had done so likewise, and that no more quarrels would happen between them. It was not THE COUNT DE A OIX RECEIVES THE DUE OF EOURBON MOST MAGNIFI- so, to their great loss; for, when they thought themselves secure, the GENTLY, AND MIAKCES DIM HANDSOME PRESENTS. THE MEN-AT-ARMS cry of "To arms!" resounded from more than one hundred places, WHO WERE UNDER SIR WALTER DE rASSAC AND SIR~ WILLIAM DE LIGNAC cyo 1T rs"rsuddfo oeta n ude lcs wSo WERE UND OR SIR WALTER DR PASSACH AND SIR WIIARM DE LIGNAC accompanied with voices shouting, "Let us kill and destroy all. the SACK THE TOWN OF ST. PHAGON, ON THEIR DEPARTTRE FROM cASTILLE. W scoundrels of this town, and plunder what they may have, in revenge THE ING IS VERY WROTH FOR THIS AGAINST THE TWfor their murders of our countrymen." The Bretons instantly began HAD REMAINED WITH HIM. H~~ADa ~ REMAINED WITH HIM. ~to put these threats into execution, and to enter every house where CoUNT Gaston de Foix was well pleased, on hearing the duke of they expected pillages, killing the inhabitants, breaking open desks Bourbon was at Sauveterre. He summoned at Orthis, where he re-. and trunks, and doing every mischief in their power. There were, sided, a gallant company of chivalry, and set out with a grand array this day, more than four hundred slahghtered, the town robbed and of five hundred knights and squires excellently mounted. They had half burned, which was a great pity. Such was the revenge the advanced two leagues before they met the duke, who was likewise companions took on St. Phagon, and then marched away. attended by a large oompany of knights and squires. On their meet- Intelligence was sent to the king of Castille that the men-at-arms, ing, they embraced and showed every token of friendship, such as who had been under sir William de Lignac and sir Walter de Pas. well-educated princes know how to do. After they had conversed sac, had, on their return, pillaged the good town of St. Phagon, together a short space, as I was infbrmed when at Orth~s, the count murdered upward of four hundred of its inhabitants, and set the de Foix withdrew with his company into the plain, but the duke re- town on fire. They added, that if the English had taken it even by mained where they had met. Then three knights, sir Espaign de storm, they would not have treated it so cruelly. At the time this Lyon, sir Peter Campestan and sir Menault de Nouailles, advanced was told the king, the two above-named knights were with him, and to the duke and said, "My lord, we come to offer you a present from were severely reprimanded by him and his council. They excused the count de Foix on your return from Castille, as he knows you themselves, saying, "That as God may help them, they were igno. have been at a heavy expense. He first welcomes you to his coun- rant of the intentions of their men: they had, indeed, heard they try of B6arn, and presents you with eight thousand florins, this mule, were much displeased with the inhabitants of St. Phagon, who, on two coursers and two palfreys." "My fair sirs," replied the duke, their coming to Castille, had murdered many of their companions, I am very much obliged to the count de Foix. With regard to the for which revenge had lurked in their hearts; but that, in truth, they florins, we cannot receive them; but as for the rest we accept them thought it had been forgotten." The king of Castille was forced to with great pleasure." The florins were therefore returned, and the pass it over, as it might have cost him more had he thought of punhorses and mule kept. Shortly afterwards, the count placed himself ishing it; but he was very ill pleased with these two commanders, beside the duke, and conducted him, under his pennon, to Orthhs, which he showed, when they took leave of him to return to France. when he was lodged in the castle, and his attendants in the town. Had he been contented with them, it may be supposed they would The duke of Bourbon remained for three days at Orthbs, magnifi- have had more magnificent presents. The duke of Bourbon, his cently entertained with dinners and suppers. The count de Foix knights and squires, having quitted the king to his satisfaction, and showed him good part of his state, which would recommend him to left the country first, had carried off the flower of the presents. such a person as the duke of Bourbon. On the fourth day he took The French marched out of Castille in various directions, some his leave and departed. The count made many presents to the through Biscay, others through Arragon. Many knights and squires, knights and squires attached to the duke, and to such an extent that who had lived on their pay, disdaining to plunder, returned poor and I was told this visit of the duke of Bourbon cost him ten thousand sorrily mounted; while others, who had seized on whatever they francs. The duke took his road to France by Montpelier, the city could meet with, wei'e well furnished with gold and silver, and heavy of Puy, and county of For6ts, of which he was lord in right of his trunks. Thus it happens, in these adventures, some gain and others duchess. Though the duke of Bourbon had thus left Castille, the lose. The king of Castille was very much rejoiced when he found men-at-arms under sir William de Lignac and sir Walter de Passac himself and kingdom freed from such men. were not impatient to do so. They were upward of three thousand spears and six thousand others, who in small parties were daily quitting the country. Many of them, having expended their pay, and CHAPTER XCV. being weary of the war, set out on their return ill mounted and in rags, so that the meeting them was unfortunate, for they dismounted THE DUKE OF LANCASTER LEAVES SAINT JAGO, FOR COIMBRA, AND THENCE such as were on horseback, and made war on all passengers and on GOES TO BAYONNE. whoever had remained in the open country, whether churchmen or WE will return to the duke of Lancaster, whom we left ill in bed not, and plundered them, under the pretext that the king of Castille at Saint Jago, where he resided with his duchess and daughter Cathhad not given them their pay, and that they had been ruined by the erine. You may suppose, the duke felt many mortifications, from war. They said they would pay themselves, and all towns not well the complete failure of his hopes of the crown of Castille, and the inclosed were under great alarms. Every place shut its gates against great loss of his chivalry, whom he daily and nightly lamented, and them, for whatever they could find was seized on unless well fought whom he had brought with such difficulty from England. He had for. Such knights and squires as returned through Foix, and waited now no expectation of making a treaty of peace that should allow on the count, were well received by him, and received magnificent the duchess any right to the crown, or yield up, by way of compo. presents. I was told that this expedition, including the going to sition, to her any part of the kingdom; for he had heard from pilCastille and return, cost the count de Foix, by his liberalities, upward grims, to Saint Jago, from Brabant, Hainault and other countries, of forty thousand francs. who had passed through the French army in Castille, that the Cas. After the departure of the duke of Bourbon, an accident befel the tillians and French made their jolkes on him, saying to the pilgrims, town of St. Phagon, that I am about to relate, which caused the " Ye are going to Saint Jago, are ye? Ye will find there the duke deaths of five hundred men. You must know, that when sir Wil- of Lancaster, who, for fear of the sun, keeps his chamber. Give our hliam de Lignac and sir Waiter de Passac first came into Castille, compliments to him, and ask him, on his faith, if we French know their force, which was very considerable, quartered themselves over how to make war, and if we have not fought him fairly, and if he the country near St. Phagon, which is rich, and abundant in all sorts be contented with us. The English used to say, that we knew betof provision. Among these men-at-arms were many Bretons, Poi- ter how to dance and sing than to fight; but the tables are now tevins, Saintongers, who, riding first to St. Phagon, entered the town turned: it is they who repose and sing, and we keep the field and in parties of six, ten, fifteen and twenty, so that at last they amounted guard our frontiers, so that we have not lost anything." to more than five hundred, including servants. As they entered, The duke of Lancaster, like a wise man, bore all this patiently, they lodged themselves, and began to pillage and pack up every val- for he could not do otherwise; and, when he was able to ride, he uable they could find. The inhabitants, noticing their conduct, se. departed from Saint Jago with his duchess and family. The king cretly closed their gates, that no more should enter; and, when these of Portugal had sent his constable, the count de Novaire, and sit strangers thought; to repose themselves, the townsmen cried "To John Fernando Portelet, with five hundred lances, to escort him, arms 1" and entering the chambers where they lay, slew them with- Among these knights were the Pounasse d'Acunha, Egeas Colle, out pity or mercy::happy were they who could escape, for they mur- Vasco Martin de Merle, Galopes Fernando, sir Alvarez Perez. John dered upward of five hundred. News of this was brought, in the Radighos de Sar, Gaynes de Famnes, all barons. With this escort, morning, to the French lords quartered near the town, and they held the duke and his family left Compostella, and continued their march a council to consider how they should act. They thought it improper to Oporto, where the king and queen of Portugal were waiting fom at the moment to retaliate on them for this conduct, for if they should them, and entertained them handsomely. Soon after the arrival of hegin by burning towns and villages, the whole country would rise the duke, the king and queen left Oporto, and went to Coimbra,:gainst them, to the great joy of t1heir enemies; but the' determined which is but one day's journey distant. The duke of Lancaster rs CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 453 mrained there for two months and attended to his affairs, and to the extensive inheritances within it: but we very much suspect that these making of preparations for his departure. By the king's orders, the Gascons and Be'arnois, when they shall have received the sums agreed high admiral of Portugal, don Alphonso Brecart, had equipped some for, and the country shall be weakened, will, in the course of three galleys for his reception; on board of which, when the weather and or four months, return, regain possession of their castles, and commit wind were favorable, they embarked, and, weighing anchor, took to greater waste than they have hitherto done." The count dauphin the deep, and in one day and a half were at Bayonne, which is up- replied to the council, "My lords, it is our intention, that when this ward of seventy-two leagues. On their arrival, they were disap- sum be raised, it shall be deposited at Clermont or Riom, and there pointed in not meeting sir John Holland and the other English; but remain until we have certificates of these companies having quitted they had left it for Bordeaux, where they had embarked, and had the country." landed in England. "That is well said," answered the dukes of Berry and Burgundy: The duke of Lancaster made a long residence at Bayonne, and "we are willing the money be raised and put in a place of safety.; enforced the payments of arrears, and other dues from the duchy of for at all events, should they refuse to conform to the treaty, it will ~Aquitaine, and such parts as were under the obedience of king Rich- serve to collect forces to make war upon them, and drive them out ard; for he had a commission to impose and receive all taxes to his of their forts. This sum shall be under the direction of you, the own use, and he styled himself duke and governor of Aquitaine. count d'Armagnac, and the bishops of Clermont and Puy: you will We will now leave the duke and the English, until it shall be groper take care that it be honorably disposed of, and for the advantage of to return to them, and speak of other matters. i the realm." Having declared he would do so, he took leave of the king, his uncles, and council, and departing from Rouen, continued his road until he came to Clermont, where he found the count d'Arniagnac, his brother, and numbers of lords, waiting...._ _,_.. his arrival. He related to them that:~-.-~~~ —~~-=-~~ — ~~-~= —" —~-~-~~=-~ ~the king and his council had their doubts of the captains of the free com__~-; —~=~= —~-_-~,___~ _-____ __._- panies, and the manner this money was raised, and deposited in a place of:~;~.-~-= -~~.=~=-_=___ -.security until the intentions of these captains, who by force kept possession. of forts and castles in the realm, should be known. They replied, "that such was their wishes; and, since itis agree-._____ 1able to the king, we will finish the busi. __:_i"_____ _____ ness; but we must first conclude a.~i~~BAYONNE, peace or truce with the leaders, that the!;_i__i:!~n country may be assured the tax we are ______,~!Cgj —w habout to raise will he properly applied HA P T R. XC for their security." Comhmissaries were sent by the count d'Armagnac to parley with Perrot le Bdarnois, and Amrerigot Marcel, who were the principal chiefs of the forts on this side the Dordogne,.......... do not. meantosy in conjunction with the bourg de Coinmpane, Bernar d des Isles, Olim Barbe, Abton Seghin, the lord de l'Exem. _BALYONNE, as it appeared in the seventeenth century. From an old French print. plaire, and many more. These cap. tains could never agree as to terms, for what one party acceded to in one week, the next it was refused: the reason was, that being fiom different C H A P T E R X C V I countries, they had various opinions. Those from Armagnac, who TIhe,OrJNT D'ARMAGNAC TAKES GREAT PAINS TO PREVAIL ON THE FREE were a sort of retainers to the count, readily assented to what he COMPaNIES TO GIVE UP THEIR FORTs FOR A SUM OF MONEY. THE offered; but the greater part, and most determined pillagers, were COUNT DE FOIX, UNDERHAND, PREVENTS HiS SUCCESS. from B6arn and Foix. I do not mean to say that the count de Foix ever wished anything THE count d'Armagnac, at this period, resided in Auvergne, and but what was honorable and advantageous to France; but when he was negotiating with such free companies as held forts in Auvergne, first heard of these negotiations with the captains of' strong places in Quercy and Limousin. The count took great pains, from his attach- Auvergne, Quercy, and Rouergue, he was desirtous to know upon ment to France, to make the leaders of these garrisons, who did what terms they were made, and the cause why the count d'Armaggreat mischief to the country, surrender them up, and depart to other nac was so busy in the matter, and would be informed, when these places. All the captains, except Geoffrty Tte-noire, who held Ven- places should be evacuated by the companions, what road they intadour, seemed willing to accept his terms, and receive, in one sum, tended to take, and where they meant to fix themselves. He was two hundred and fifty thousand francs. On payment of this sum, answered: "My lord, it is the intention of the count d'Armagnac to they were all to quit the country, which would gladly have seen them engage these mentrat-arms, when they shall have surrendered the forts, depart; for the inhabitants could not till the earth, nor carry on to lead them into Lombardy, where his brother-in-law (who, you trade, for fear of these pillagers, unless they had entered into com- know, married his sister, the widow of your son Gaston,) has great position with them, according to their wealth and rank; and these difficulty in defending his inheritance, for there seems every proba. compositions amounted, in the year, to as much as was now de- bility of a war in Lombardy." The count de Foix made no answer manded for the evacuation of the forts. Although these garrisons to this, seeming not to have heard it, but turned about to those pres. made war under pretext of being English, there were very few of ot, and conversed with them. He was not, however, the less that nation; but the greater part Gascons, Germans and Foixiens, thoughtful about what had been said, and determined secretly to and from different countries, who had united together to do mischief. prevent any of these treaties being concluded: at least, from the se. When this treaty ha d been fully concluded with all the captains, quel it so appears. except Geoffry T hte-noire, the count d'Armagnac entreated the The count d'Armagnae could never succeed, notwithstanding his count dauphin d'Auvergne, who was a great baron and able nego- repeated attempts, toward inducing any of the captains who were tiator, to join him in this treaty, and from his affection to him, to from B6arn, or Foix, to yield up their forts, or accept of any engageundertakl a journey to Paris, to the king and the dukes of Berry and ment, to serve the count or his brother Bernard. The count de Foix, Burgundy, who at that time governed the kingdom, to explain what who was prudence itself, considering that these two lords, his cousins, he had done in regard to these free companions, and to have their and those of Albreth, were very powerful, and acquiring friends on consent; for without their orders the sum of money to pay them all sides, was unwilling to add to their strength by those who were could no. be raised in the country. The count dauphin complied his retainers: he~therefore determined what line he would follow, as with this request, and rode to Paris; but the king was gone to Rouen, was told me, when at Orthhs, by sir Espaign de Lyon, the bourg de whither the count followed him. lie there explained to the kitng Comrpane, captain of Carlat in Auvergte, and the bourg Anglois. anid his council the state of the country, and the treaty the count The count de Foix was at war with the Arnmagnacs, though at this d'Armagnac had made with the companions.' He did not soon ac. moment there was a truce, which was usually renewed five or six complish the object of his coming; for the lords of the council know- times every year; and, should the Armrngnacs and Albreths obtain tug well what sort of people these firee companions were, had no the assistance of these captains of free companies, who were so hardy faith in their professions, and dreaded they would not abide by any and cunning in war, they wouhld e enabled to bring a large force treaty. T'hey said to him, " Count dauphin, we know that you and into the field, and do the ceunt de Foix great mischie1. This was tihe ount d'Armagnac are anxious t~ promote everything fot the the principal cause why the captains who; ere dependent on him honor and atlvantage of the kingdom for both of you have ricL and would never accept ternis from the count d'Asnmagnac 454 GCHR9NICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. They indeed gave him hopes of agreeing with him; but although towns, or castles, you were a proper person for such an alliance; but many appointments were made for a meeting, they kept none, but situated as you now are, you will nevel obtain one of them. You ran over the country, and pillaged it at their pleasure, just the same have nothing to dower a wife with, if you had one: not even one as before any treaty was talked of. The count was daily expecting poor lordship." to conclude one; and the captain he was most anxious to gain over The' earl of Gueldres was thunderstruck at this reprimand of his was Perrot le B6arnois, who held the strong castle of Chaluget, and uncle, for he felt the truth of it. He requested, out of love to him, was the principal commander in Auvergne and Limousin, for his he would give him advice. "CAdvice!" replied the archbishop: "It compositions extended as far as La Rochelle. The others were, Wil- is now, my fair nephew, too late: you wish to shut the stable-door liam de Sainte Foix, who held Bouteville; Amerigot Marcel, who when the steed is stolen. I see but one remedy for your distress." resided at Loyse, near St. Flour in Auvergne; the bourg de Compane "And what is that?" said the count. "I will tell you," answered and the bourg Anglois, who held Carlat. He said, he could at any the archbishop. "You are much indebted to Bertaldo of Mechlin, time have Amerigot Marcel; but he was desirous of gaining over who is at present the richest merchant in the world, from the great Perrot le B6arnois, and Geoffry Tkte-noire, who held Ventadour, and commerce he carries on with all parts of it by sea and land. His was the chief of them all. They only laughed, and made theirjokes galleys and vessels sail as far as Alexandria, Cairo, and Damascus, of the count, disdaining to enter into any treaty with hint or any one with cargoes of the value of one hundred thousand florins: he also else. Geoffry knew his castle was impregnable, and provided with has a mortgage on the greater part of your lands. Bertaldo has one stores and a sufficient garrison for seven or eight years; and it was daughter now of an age to marry, and no other children. Several not in the power of any lord to shut him up, so that he could not be great barons of Germany and other countries have demanded her in prevented from making sallies whenever he chose. Geoffry began marriage, but, I know not why, unsuccessfully: lie may perhaps fear all his passports and treaties of composition with, " Geoffry T6te-noire, some as being too high, and others he may hold cheap: I therefore duke of Ventadour, count of Limousin, sovereign lord and commander advise you to treat with Bertaldo, who may listen to you, and give of all the captains in Auvergne, Rouergue, and Limousin." I will you his daughter, that you may clear yourself of all your debts, and now leave these matters, and speak of what was passing in my own regain possession of your lands; for I should suppose, from your birth country, from the peace which was granted to the Ghent men, on the and in consideration of your having your possessions, between the conclusion of their war, by the duke and duchess of Burgundy, who Meuse and the Rhine, so well filled with populous towns, he will comsigned and sealed it in the noble city of Tournay. To add strength ply with your request." " By my faith, uncle," replied the count, to my history, I must speak of what was passing in Gueldres and Bra- "you advise me well, and I will follow what you have said." bant; for the king of France and duke of Burgundy were much af- Count Reginald, shortly after, summoned those of his friends in fected by the events that happened in those countries, and took great whom he had the greatest confidence and affection, and declared to part in the war that ensued. them his intentions of marrying the daughter of Bertaldo of Mechlin. He requested them to go thither and demand her, and he would make her countess of Gueldres, on such conditions as the archbishop of ~~CHI~APTER XCVII. ~ Cologne should be agreeable to. His friends complied cheerfully, and made instant preparations for their journey to Mechlin, where A DIGRESSION ON THE QUARREL BETWEEN THE HOUSES OF BRABANT AND they waited on Bertaldo, and told him the object of their coming. GUELORES. THE LIFE OF COUNT REGINILD OF GUELDRES AND HIS SUC- Bertaldo received these knights and clerks from the count de Guel CEssoRs, UrNTIL THE REIGN OF CHARLES VI. OF FRANCE. THE DUXE OF CESSORS, UNTIL TE REN OF CHARLES v. OF FRNCE. TE DUKE OF dres very graciously, entertained them well, and said he would conGIUELDRES, BEING AN ALLY OF ENGLAND, SENDS HIs CHALLENGE. TO ELES, EING N ALLY OF ENLAND, SENDS HIS CHLLENGE TO sider of their demand. Being so very rich, for he was worth at least FRAN'-E. THE CAUSE OF TIllS CHALLENGE. five or six millions of florins, he was anxious for the advancement of TIIERE had been, for some time, a hatred between the houses of his daughter, and, thinking he could no way ally her more nobly than Brabant and Gueldres: their countries border on each other; but the to the count de Gueldres, had partly in his own mind assented to it. origin of this hatred of the Brabanters was on account of the town of Before he declared it, he had many doubts, and said to himself, " If Grave, which the dukes of Gueldres had taken possession of, and I give Mary to the count, he will wish to be my master, and I shall kept by force. This the Brabanters complained of, as it is situated no longer have a will of my own. Besides, should she have children on their side of the river Meuse; and, though many conferences were and die, which may happen, he, who will be enriched by my wealth held on the subject, their hatred was not abated. Those of Gueldres and repossessed of all his lands in the country of Gueldres, may marry complained, that the duke of Brabant had, in revenge, seized on again, and as nobly as he pleases, anrid have children by his second three castles on their side of the Meuse, and at the entrance of their wife, who, from the high blood of their mother, may hold my daughcountry, called Gambet, Buct, and Mille.* These quarrels between ter's children in contempt, and perhaps disinherit them. I must have the two dukes were firequently embittered; but it was the opinion of all these doubts cleared up before I give my consent. I will, how. many able knights and squires in arms, that if the lord Edward of ever, mention all this to the friends of the count, and make them such Gueldres, (who was unfortunately slain by an arrow from an archer an answer as this: That their coming has pleased me much, and that of the dukes of Luxembourg or Brabant, at the battle of Juliers,t) had my daughter would be very happy to be so nobly married as to the s-.rvived and gained the victory, he was so valiant, he would have count do Gueldres: but at this moment it was well known the.conquered these three castles. affairs of the count were in the utmost disorder; that all his lands I will now relate, according to my promise, how these castles came between the Meuse and the Rhine were under mortgage, and that, into the possession of Brabant, that I may embellish my history; and to clear off his incumblances, he has demanded my daughter in marI will. begil with speaking of the dukes of Gueldres.t It was not riage'. Before I consent to this union, I wish to know how he means long before I began to indite this work, that there lived a count of to settle his estates, and that my daughter's children, should she have Gueldres, called Reginald. Gueldres is not so rich, nor so extensive sons or daughters, may succeed to the inheritance of Gueldres, not. a country as Brabant: notwithstanding this, count Reginald, coming withstanding any other marriage take place in case of her death. On to his property when a young man, had every inclination for expense, this point I am determined, and I must likewise have this succession and cared not what his pleasures cost him. He attended all tilts and assured by himself, his relations, and all who may have any claims tournaments in the greatest magnificence, and expended, yearly, four thereto, as well as by the nobility and principal towns in the countimes more than his usual revenue. He was generous and liberal, try." Thus did Bertaldo form the answer he was to give to the comand made extravagant presents, so that he borrowed from the Lom- missioners firom the count do Gueldres. bards on all sides, and was soon so indebted he knew not whither to On the morrow, at a proper hour, Bertaldo signified to the count's turn himself. His relations were greatly angered by such conduct, friends hlie was prepared with his answer. They were well pleased and blamed him exceedingly; but in particular the archbishop of on hearing this, and repaired to the h6tel of Bertaldo, where everyCologne, who was his uncle by his mother's side. One day, when thing displayed his riches. ie met them in the hall, and, after some he had him in his closet, he said; "Reginald, my fair nephew, you agreeable conversation, conducted them to an apartment fitted up in have managed your affairs so well, that you will soon find yourself a manner becoming a king, where some of his firiends were assema poor man; for your lands are mortgaged all round. In this world, bled. When the door was closed, Bertaldo desired them to declare poor lords are not valued. Do you imagine that those to whom you the cause of their visit to him, and he would give them his answer. have made such great gifts will return them to you? No, as God Upon this, the dean of Cologne, cousin to the count de Guildres, and may help me; they will fly from you when they know you have a valiant clerk, explained so eloquently the object of their embassy, nothing more to give, and will laugh at and mock you for your foolish it was a pleasure to hear him. Of his speech I need not make any expenses, and you will not find one firiend to assist you. Do not de- further mention, for the subject of it has been told, and it related pend on me; for though I am archbishop of Cologne, I will not solely to the advantages of this alliance, and its conveniency to both curtail my establishmont to repair your fortune, flor give you the parties. patrimony of the church: no, I vow to God, my conscience forbids Bertaldo, who, the preceding day, had formed his plan, answered it, and neither the pope nor cardinals will consent to it. The count as follows: "My fair sirs, I and my daughter shall hold ourselves of Hainault, who has miot kept the state you have, hls married his much honored by so noble an alliance as the one you have proposed; eldest daughter, Margaret, to Lewis of Bavaria, emperor of Gemamy. and when such matters are brought forward, the less delay afterwards He has three more whom he will also marry very nobly. Had you the better. I say this, because an alliance by marriage, between so lived as was becoming you, and had you not mortgaged your lands, powerful and renowned a lord as count Reginald de Guetdres, with h,Mary, my daughter, pleases me right well. You require that his ese oT 1372. tate, which is now much entangled, by his debts to Lombards and TheF were first created daikes of nueldmes by the emperor, Lewis of Bavaria. 1339 at Fmaekfort. ~~~~~~~~~~others, should be cleared by this marriage, and. every incumbrance CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN &c. 451 lone away. Thanks to God, I have the ability as well as inclination no male heirs remained from the second marriage, the duchy became so to do; but I must first see the following settlements fairly en- her right, according to the settlements that had been made and grossed and sealed, so that, hereafter, no contention ensue between signed. As this dispute ran high between the two sisters, the any of the parties: first, my daughter's children shall inherit the elder was advised to unite herself, by marriage, with some person country of Gueldres, comprehended within its present limits; and, if well allied, that would defend her rights. She followed this advice, my lord Reginald should die before her, without having any heirs and desired the archbishop of Cologne, at that time with the lord fromn her body, she shall peaceably retain the possession of that coun- John de Blois,* whose brother, count Lewis, was still alive, to open try during her life, and then it may revert to the next lawful heir. If the matter to him, and, if he were agreeable, she would make him it should happen that my daughter have an heir or heirs by my much duke of Gueldres; for, by the death of her two brothers, without honored prince, count Reginald, anrid she die before him, the count male issue, the duchy had become her inheritance, and none other had de Gueldres shall not, on account of any secondary marriage, disin- any legal claim to it. The lord John de Blois, who had been brought herit, or otherwise deprive the heir or heirs of my daughter of the up in Holland and Zealand, having fair inheritances there, andspeaksuccession of Gueldres. I consent, however, that if it shall be his ing the language, willingly listened to the proposal; for he would good pleasure in such case to marry again, he may dower the lady never marry in France, thinking he should acquire a large tract of with those acquired lands on the otlier side of the Meuse, bordering country in the parts he liked best. The knights of his council, in on the bishopric of Liege and duchy of Brabant, but without charging Holland, advised him to accept of the lady. He consented to this; any part of the country of Gueldres. Whenlthe relations and friends but, before he made it public, he rode to Hainault, to consult his of the honorable prince, count Reginald, and all those who may, cousin, duke Albert, and hear what he would say to it. from their family connections, have any claims on the duchy of Guel- Duke Albert, in truth, knew not what advice to give him, or, if he dres, and the chief towns, shall have signed and sealed settlements did, he kept it to himself, and delayed so long, before he could make drawn up in the manner I have m'ntioned, I give my consent to the up his mind, that lord John de Blois was tired of waiting, and, mountmarriage. You may now, therefore, make any reply you have been ing his horse, rode to Gueldres, married the lady I have mentioned, charged with." and took possession of the duchy. He was not, however, acknow. The knights from Gueldres, after some short conversation together, ledged duke by the whole country, nor were her claims universally said: "Sir, we have well heard your terms; but, not being commis. allowed; the majority of knights, squires, and chief towns, inclined sioned to say anything in confirmation, or otherwise, on the subject, more to the lady of Juliers, who, having a handsome family of chil. we must be silent. We will return to our lord, and relate punctu- dren, had gained their hearts. The lord John, therefore, had with ally to him and his council what you offer, and very shortly you shall his wife a war, which cost him much. By the death of his brother, have from him his answer." ".God grant it may be favorable," re- count Lewis, he became count of Blois, lord of Avesnes in Hainplied Bertaldo; "for I wish it." On this they all left the apartment ault; and the rich inheritances of Holland and Zealand fell likewise and went away. As you have heard everything that passed on this to him. Notwithstanding this, his council advised him to pursue subject, I shall not dilate on it more. When the commissioners were the claim of his lady on Gueldreland. He did so, to the utmost of returned home, matters seemed likely to be soon, brought to a con- his power; but Germans are a covetous people, and they only con. clusion; for the count thought, in his present situation, he could not tinned the war as long as they were duly paid. The dispute cost do better than marry the daughter of Bertaldo, who was powerfully lord John very large sums, and was never of any service to him. rich. For greater security, all the settlements were drawn up, and This gallant count, lord John de Blois, died in the castle of the good engrossed in his house: when they were finished, the count signed town of Schoonhoven, in the month of June, of the year of grace and sealed them, as did all his relations whose names were men- 1381, and was carried to the church of the Cordeliers and Valenci ticoned therein, and the nobility and magistrates of the principal ennes, and buried beside his grandfather, sir John of Hainault.t towns. The lord Guy de Blois succeeded his brothers in all their posses. Bertaldo being now satisfied, the marriage was consummated, the sions in France, Picardy, Hainault, Holland, and Zealand, as well as debts of the count were paid, and all his lands freed from every in- in the country of Blois. I know not how many years the lady of cumbrance. Thus was the count de Gueldres made rich: he took a lord John survived him, but, on her decease, her sister, the countess new h6tel, and formed a different establishment. If, formerly, he of Julicrs, remained peaceable possessor of the duchy of Gueldres. had been thought to keep a magnificent one, this was superior; for It was, however, settled, at the request of the nobility and inhabit. he had now wherewithal to support it, as he never wanted for any ants of the duchy, that lord William de Juliers, eldest son of the money Bertaldo could give him. The count behaved right honora- count of Juliers, should be duke of Gueldres; for it had reverted to bly to his lady, who was very handsome, good, prudent, and devout. him in direct succession from his uncles, and, on this account, duke At the end of four years, the lady died, leaving a daughter of the name Albert and his duchess had given him their daughter in marriage, of Isabella. The count being a young man when he became a who had been betrothed to the duke Edward, as before mentioned. widower, married again very nobly; for king Edward of England, Thus was this lady still duchess of Gueldres, and this last marriage father of that king Edward who besieged Tournay and conquered was more suitable, for they were both nearly of the same age. The Calais, gave him his daughter Isabella.* By this lady he had three duke resided constantly in his own country; but the more hlie in. children, two sons and a daughter, sir Reginald, sir Edward, and creased in age the greater was his love for tilts, tournaments, and Joan, who was afterwards duchess of Juliers.t such amusements, and he was more attached to the English than to When king Edward III., who was uncle to these children of Guel- the French, which he showed as long as he lived. He had always dres, came first into Germany to visit the emperor, and had been up- rankling in his breast a similar hatred to what had subsisted between pointed by him vicar-general of the empire,; as is contained in the his ancestors and the dukes of Brabant, and was ever seeking for first volume of this history, the county of Gueldres was made a duchy, occasion of quarrel with them for two reasons: one, because he was and the marquisate of Juliers a county, to elevate those families in the ally of king Richard II.; the other, because Winceslaus of Bo. dignity. But to come nearer to our time, and connect this with our hemia, duke of Luxembourg, had purchased from the count de history, it happened that, after the decease of this count Reginald Mours, a great baron in Germany, those three castles I have before we have been speaking of, his son, also called Reginald, nephew to mentioned, but will now mention again, to make the matter clearer, the kind of England, died without heirs.~ Sir Edward of Gueldres Goch, Beeck, and Megen; they are situated beyond the Meuse, on succeeded to both: he was married to the eldest daughter of duke the territory of Fauquemont. The dukes of Gucldrest had in former Albert of Hainault; but she was so young, that sir Edward never times been lords of these castles, and the present duke was much carnally knew her, and he died also without heirs; for, like a valiant vexed that he coruld not add them to his inheritance; but as long asknight, he was slain in battle, in a war against duke Winceslaus of duke Winceslaus lived he kept all this to himself.'Brabant, before Juliers.91 Sir Edward's sister-german was married to count William of Juliers, and her brother dying without issue, she claimed Gueldres as CHAPTER XCVIII. her inheritance, and brought forward her pretensions. Her elder sister, by the first marriage,*# made a similar claim, and said, since FROISSART ETURNS TO THE QUARRE BETWEEN THE OUSES OF RB AND CUELDRES, wtlICH HE HAtlD LEFT UNFINISHED IN THE PRECEDING CHAPTER, AND CONTINUES THE HISTORY OF THE DUKES OF GUELDRES TO' * Thereseerns some mistake here, but I canno' nalke it cut, nor find in any of the DUtE WILLIAM, WHO SENDS HIS CHALLENGE TO CHARLES VI. tING OF genealogical ac'muets of the counts of Gueldres, notice of this marriage with the daughter ot' fhe mner..Ivt Bertaldo of Metclhlin. FRANCE. "JReginahld I., the 9th count of Gueldres, married, in 134,, Sophia, countess of Mcc- DUKE Reginald of Gseldres, cousin-german to the prince of Wales,, lin, and 13i.5, Eleanora ofEnglandi."-ANDERSON''s Royal Genealogies. t Wiilliai, the sixth marquis, and afterwars duke ofaJuliers, married Mary, a daugh- had mortgaged the three above-mentioned castles for a sum of florins ter of the count de Geeldres, but by hris first wife, Sophia of Mechlin. Two children to a great baron of Germany, called the count de Mours. He keptonly, Rteginald and Edward, tre ascribed to the second marriage in L'.qrt de verficr possession of them for a time; but, when no intention was shown les Dates. —E.: In 1338. —E. ~ Reginald 3i1. died in 1371, leaving no children by his wife Mary, daughtr of Johei first count of Cloves, on the otiler part. Whether Mary and Matilda wereboth theo duke of Brabant. —ED. & eghters of Sophia of Mechlin, or whether Iteginald the second married thrice, and II He masrtied Catherine, daughter of Albert, regent of Holland, on tire 16th May, 1371. lra. 72tilda by a prior wife to Sophia, is uncertain; but no niention of a third marlcags — Eu. is ao re met with in any records of the time. —En. ~ He died on the 24th August, 1371, from lse effects of a wound received at the battle I * John do (hatillon, roust sf Blots, married Matilda in 1372.-ED. of Battetier, twer days reface. He was only~ thirty —six years oldl. —En. t The lords I wis, Jori and dGuy, were sons of the count Guy d e Blois, brother to -e Frisetsrt's account of the geneleogy,f'this family is not correct. The dispute wes Charles de Blois, duke of Britiany, by a daughter of sir John of Hainault, who con between Mary, countess of Juliers, tire hsll-sister of Edward and Reginald, and W~il- ducted queen sabella of France to England, with her son Edward 11i. Annotathon. taun, her grandson, sn the otte purt, and Mattildat, Mary's elder sister, widow of John, X.-DlNys SACvAe. 456 CHRONI'CLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. of paying back the money he had lent on their security, he grew mel- strongly united to each other,) heard of the dignities conferred by the ancholy, and sent legal summons for payment to duke Reginald. emperor on the duke of Brabant, they were much exasperated; not But he made light of this, as he had not any money -to acqudit him- from any wish to do good or correct the wicked, but that such honors self of the debt, which frequently happens to many great lords when should be conferred on their enemy: more particularly that he should they are called upon for payment. When the count de Mours per- have the appointment of Languefride, and execute the office with ceived this, he made advances to the duke of Brabant, and offered severity, for it affected their lands. This institution had been first him these castles for the money for which they were mortgaged. The formed for the security of those merchants of Hainault, Brabant, duke eagerly accepted the proposal, for they were on the confines of France, Flanders, and Liege, who travelled thence to Cologne, Treves, the territory of Fauquemont, of which he was lord. The duke was Lucca, Constance, and other cities and fairs in Germany. Merdesirous to increase his inheritance., for he thought surely to survive chants could not enter those countries without risk, through tha states his present duchess, the lady Johanna.* of Juliers or Gueldres. It happened there were some robberies corm. He took possession of these castles, and placed in them, as governor, the lord de Kale. When, upon the death of duke' ili\.' -.... Reginald, the lord Edward sue. ceeded to the duchy of Gueldres, i li ke. he sent embassadors to the duke of Brabant, to request he might have his castles for the money he had paid them. The duke, not o liet ti itor oft u l *nod h e having purchased them for this end, returned a positive refusal. The duke of Gueldres was highly indignant at this answer, and in consequence was hard on his sister in-law, the widow of the u lord Reginald, and younger sister to the duchess of Brabant, by preventing her from receiving her - dower. The lady went to Brabant, and laid ther complaints of the vexations which the duke of Gueldres was occasioning her, before the duke and duchess. s On account of the long-subsisting hatred between the Brabanters s m and those of Gueldres, for the seizure of Grave, the first were d well inclined to aid the lady by. force of arms. A large body of men-at-arms were indeed once collected in Brabant, and ad. vanced to Blois.le-Duc, to the THE EMPEROR CONSTITUTING THE DUKE OF BRABANT LANGUEFIIDE, oR KEEPER or THE PUBLIC ROADS. Designed from amount oC twelve hundred spears. MSS. Illuminations of the Fifteenth Century. The duke of Gueldres had like. wise assembled his forces, and it was generally thought a battle would have been the consequence; mitted on the highways by these Linfars, who nad escaped into the but duke Albert, the count de Mours, and the count of Juliers this time territory of the duke of Juliers; and it was told me, that the duke interfered, and they separated without coming to blows. had even lent them horses and the use of his castles. Heavy comThis same year duke Winceslaus was victorious over some free plaints were made of this to duke Winceslaus, who at that time was companies, who had overrun and despoiled his lands in Luxembourg: resident in Brussels, and that the Languefiide was held in contempt; he banished many, and put to death their leader, called the Little that the persons who had violated it were retired into the duchy of Mesclin, in the tower of the castle of Luxembourg. In this year also, Juliers, where they lived unmolested. the lord Charles of Boherei.a, emperor of Germany, appointed the The duke of Brabant, at that time young and chivalrous, high in duke of Brabant chief of an institution called in Germany Langue. birth and rich in fortune, was greatly piqued at this conduct, and hurt fride, which signifies an association for the repairs and security of by the complaints of those who had been robbed; he declared he the public roads, so that persons may travel friom one part to another would speedily provide a remedy, and, being nominated chief of the without danger. The emperor gave him also great possessions in Languefiide, would not that any blame should fall on him for negli. Alsace on both sides of the Rhine, that he might guard the country Alsace on both sides of the hine, that he might ud the cou gence in the due support of it. To be assured of the fact, and through against the Linfars, who are a most wicked people, robbing all with. the advice of his friends, he sentto the duke of Juliers some of the out mercy. He gave him likewise the sovereignty of the large city first men in his country, such as the lord d'Urquon, the lord Bourof Strasburg, and, to add to his dignity, created him a prince of the gueval, sir Scelar archdeacon of Hainault, Geoffy de la Tour grandHoly Roman Empire. He certainly could not give him too much, routier routel'of Brabant, and several more, to re monstrate with hi m in an for thisl duke Winceslaus was generous, amiable, courteous to all, amicable manner on the impropriety of his conduct, and that proper and gallant in arms. Great things must have been expected from excuses must be made for the offence, as it affected too strongly the him, had he been granted longer life, but he died in the flower of duke of Brabant as chief of the Languefride. his age; on account of which I, the author of this history, greatly The duke of Juliers paid but little attention to their remonstrances, grieve, and wish he had enjoyed a course of eighty years or more, for he seemed rather to prefer war to peace, which displeased so for he would have done much good to mankind. The schism in the much the envoys from the duke of Brabant, that they took leave of church afflicted him greatly, as he often expressed himself t6 me, him and returned to relate all that had passed. The duke of Bra. who lived with him on the r ost intimate and firiendly footing. And bant having heard them, asked their advice how to act. notwithstanding that I have %een and personally known upward of they replied, "you know it full well yourself: speak your will." f two hund mred powerful princt s in my various thiavels, I have never, Well, then," said the duke, "it is not my intention to let this matter aound any more courteous e d amiableo u thd n thBis duw e of Brnbant, esleep, nor shall it be said, through cowardice or weakness of heart I and my very good lord the count Guy de Blois, who commanded me have suffered any robberies to be committed within my jurisdiction to indite this Chronicle. These were the two princes, of my time, with impunity, as I will maie my cousin, the duke of Julers, and his of the greatest liberality, humility, and goodness, who lived magnifi- - very soon feel, and that the business is personal to me." cently on their revenues, without malice or any way oppressing their s r sn fl, n tat te es i pon subjects by taxes, and suing any hurtful edicts through their tern- The duke was not idle, but instantly set clerks to work in writing letters to all from whom he expected any assistance: some lie en. tnies. But I will now return to the principal subject of this chapter. others he commanded, and gave sufficient notice to the duke m uchds attached trothe Englishof Juliers and his allies of his intentions. Each of these lords pro..mar~riag& and whose hearts were too much attached to the English I vided themselves as ably as they could: but the duke of Juliers would have made an indifferent figure without his brother-in-law the duke * Winceslnus was the sond husband of Johanna, heiress ofBrabantand Limbourg. of Gueldres, who greatly reinforced him with men-at-arms and friends, ~ she was married to him, 1355. Afterthe death of Winceslaus, the8th December, 1384, These two lords collected men secretly from Germany; and as the.and his son, she constituted Anthony, second son of the duke of Burgundy, her heir, Germans were avaricious, and had not for some time had any oppor. ~itt. Her first hlusband, Vv illiam, count of Holland, died, 1345, without issue. Jo- tinity of gain, they accepted their pay, and came in greater numbers }mnna died 1406. —NDsE.SOs'S R. G. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 457 as they were ignorant they were to be employed against the duke of When all the lords who had been summoned were arrived at Aix. Brabant. la-Chapelle, the place was much crowded, and the emperor then de. The duke of Brabant left Brussels in grand array, and went to dlared he would instantly enter the duchy of Juliers to destroy it, on Louvain, thence to Maestricht, where he found upward of one thou- account of the great outrage that had been offered him, by the duke sand good spears waiting for him: other forces were coming to his of Juliers taking up arms against his vicar and brothelr; for such had aid from France, Flanders, Hainault, Namur, Lorrain, Bar, and dif- been the sentence adjudged in the courts of the empire. The arch. ferent parts, so that his army amounted to full two thousand five bishop of Treves, the archbishop of Cologne, the bishop of Mentz, hundred lances. Four hundred spears, under the lord of Geant, the bishop of Liege, duke Albert of Bavaria, his brother, and many were on their march to join him from Burgundy; but they arrived great barons of Germany, relations of the duke of Juliers, having too late, from not knowing when an engagement would take place, consulted together, thought that to destroy the whole of the territo and were much vexed when they heard that it was over without their ries of so valiant a knight, was a punishment too severe. They being present. While the duke of Brabant remained at Maestricht, therefore proposed that the duke of Juliers should be summoned, and he could not obtain any intelligence of his enemies: he therefore brought to acknowledge his error. This being agreed to, all parties determined to advance and enter their lands, which he did on a labored to bring about a reconciliation. Wednesd ay, and there encamped. He halted that day and the next, Duke Albert and his brother went to Juliers, where they found the and learnt firom his scouts that the enemy had taken the field. He duke so much dismayed at this large armament of the emperor, that commanded the army to advance into the territory of Juliers and he knew not how to act, nor what counsel to follow, for he had heard burn it. This Thursday he halted at an early hour. The van was it was intended against him, unless his friends exerted themselves to commanded by Guy de Ligny, count de St. Paul, and the lord Wal- avert it. The duke of Juliers was much rejoiced and comforted by eran his son, who though very young, being no more than sixteen the arrival of two such lords as duke Albert of Bavaria and the duke years old, was then made a knight. The Brabanters encamped very Otho, his brother, besides being his relations; for he knew they close together, and, as it appeared, the Germans were better informed would not allow him to suffer any disgrace, but would give him the of their state than the Brabanters were concerning them: for, on the best advice for his conduct. They counselled him as follows: To Friday morning, as the duke had heard mass, and all were on the send someof his principal knights for his cousin the duke of Brabant, plain, not thinking a battle would soon take place, the dukes of whom he had detained a prisoner at large in the town and castle of Juliers and Guledres made their appearance, with a large and well- Judeque.t When he was brought to them, these lords paid him mounted body of men-at-arms. The duke of Brabant was told: every respect that was his due. They then all left Juliers together, "Sir, here are your enemies: put on your helmets quickly, in the and rode to Aix, where they dismounted at the hotels which had name of God and St. George." He was well pleased on hearing been prepared for them. Duke Albert, his brother, and the beforethis; and that day he had near his person four squires, well informed, mentioned prelates, who had been mediators in this business, went and of courage to save such a prince, having been engaged in many to the emperor and his council, and told them, that the duke Juliers deeds of armnns and pitched battles: their names were John de Valcon, was, of his own free will, come to wait on him, and was willing to Baldwin de Beaufort, Gerard de Bles, and Orlando de Cologne. put himself, without reservation, in his power, as he acknowledged The men of Brussels surrounded the duke: some were mounted him for his sovereign and liege lord. These humble words greatly with their servants behind them, who carried flagons of wine, and softened the anger of the emperor, and he replied, "Let the duke of salmon, trout, and eel-pies, neatly packed in handsome towels at- Juliers come hither." tached to their saddles. These people, with their horses, filled up When the duke of Juliers was in the presence of the emperor, he the place so much, that no proper orders could be given. At length, cast himself on his knees, and said, "Most redoubted and sovereign Gerard de Boles said to the duke, "Sir, order all these horse away lord, I understand you are much displeased with me for having de. that surround us: they are greatly in our way, and prevent us from tained so long in prison your brother of Brabant. I am willing to knowing what has become of the van and rear division, under your refer the whole matter to your noble self, and will conformn to whatmarshal sir Robert de Namur." "I consent," replied the duke, and ever may be your judgment and that of your council." The emperor gave his orders. Upon this, Gerard and his companions, sword in made no answer to this speech; but his son, the king of Bohemia, hand, began to lay about them, on helmets and horses, so that the replied, "Duke of Juliers, you have behaved very outrageously, in place was instantly cleared; for no one would willingly have his keeping so long our cousin of Brabant prisoner; and had it not been horse wounded or killed. To make an end of the business, the for your well-beloved cousins, the dukes of Bavaria and Austria, dukes of Juliers and Gueldres advanced full gallop on the van, under who have so warmly interceded for you, this matter would have the command of the count de St. Paul and his son, which they broke turned out very disagreeably to you, and you would have well deserved and defeated, and many were slain and made prisoners. This divis- that it should do so. Continue your harangue, and manage that we ion made the greatest resistance, and the count de St. Paul and his be satisfied with you, and that we have never again any cause to com. son were among the dead. Fortune was unkind to the duke of plain of your conduct; for another time it will cost you very dear." Brabant and his allies; for this battle was so severe, few men of The duke of Juliers was still on his knees before the emperor, honor escaped death or captivity. seated on his imperial throne, and thus spoke: "My very redoubted The duke of Brabant, sir Robert do Namur, sir Lewis, his brother, and sovereign lord, I acknowledge that I have been guilty of consir William de Namur, son to the count de Namur, were made tempt to your imperial dignity, by raising an army, and engaging prisoners, and such numbers of others, that their enemies were with it my cousin, your brother, the vicar of the holy empire. If the fully occupied when they surrendered to them. There were many fortune of war gave me the day, and your brother was taken prisoner, slain on the side of the duke of Juliers: but you know it is a gen- I now restore him to you free of all ransom; and, if you please, eral observation, a defeated army always suffers the most. The there shall never again be ill.will or revenge thought of between us." Brabanters, however, had one satisfaction in their great loss, in the The prelates and princes, standing round, said, " Most renowned lord, 4eath of duke Edward of Gueldres; for it was the opinion of all, accept the excuses and offers which your cousin the duke of Juliers that had he survived, he would have overrun the country, and con- makes you, and let them satisfy you." "We are willing to do so," quered the whole, as well as Brussels, without mnieeting any opposi- said the emperor; and, as it was told me, in further confirmation he lion; for he was a most outrageously bold knight, and detested the toolk the duke of Juliers by the hand, as he rose, and kissed him on Brabanters, on account of the three castles they held firom him. the mouth. The king of Bohemia and duke of Brabant did the same. The duke of Juliers gained this victory on a Friday of August, the Thus was Winceslaus of Bohemia, duke of Luxembourg and Bra. tve of St. Bartholomew's day, in the year of our Lord, 1371. bant, delivered from prison, by the power of the emperor, without The duchess of Brabant, in her distress, had recourse to king ransom, as were all that had been made prisoners by the duke of Charles V. of France, who was nephew to the duke. The king Juliers, and who had not paid their ransoms, by the treaties that were advised her to apply in person to the emperor of Germany, as being drawn up in consequence of this reconciliation. When this matter brother to the duke of Brabant, and because he had suffered in sup- had been concluded, the assembly broke up, and all returmned to their port of the emperor's rights. The lady did so, and went to Coblentz, homes. The emperor went to Prague, the duke of Brabant to Brus. where she found the emperor, to whom she made her complaints. sels. When the duke of Brabant had there arrived, he imposed a The emperor heard her with attention, and was bound by several very heavy tax on the country, to make restitution to the knights and -easons to grant her relief and comfort; first, because the duke was squires for some part of the losses they had suffered. his brother, and because he had appointed him his vicar of the empire, and chief of the Languefride. He consoled the duchess, and told her, that before the ensuing summer were passed, he would pro- CHAP T ER XCI. vide an ample remedy for what had happened. The duchess returned to Brabant greatly comforted. The emperor, lord Charles of Bohe- A CONTINUATION O THE HtSTORY OF TItE QUAnEL BETWEEN BRA13nANT mis, was not inactive; for as soon as the winter was passed, he went AND GUELDEES. ON THE DEATH OF DUKE WtNC SLAUS, THE YOUNG to the noble city of Cologne, where he made such vast provision of WILLSAnt OF JULSEES, DUKE OF Il-ULOHES, ERaSAVOBS av ax'a stores, as if he were about to march to the conquest of a kingdom. MEANS TO EEAIN THE THEE CASTLES. HE ALLtES HIMSELF TO THF He wrote to all counts and dukes who held lands under him, to meet KIN OF ENCLANO, BECAUSE FEANCE SUFFOETS THE IG TS OF THE him the third day of June,* at Aix-la-Chapelle, each accompanied wmnOw-aUCnaSS OF BEABANT. by fifty horse, under pain of forfeiture of his lands for disobedience. I HAVE taken much pains to detail all the particulars of this matter He particularly summoned duke Albert, earl of Hainault, to Aix, in my history, to bring it to the point I aim at, which is to explain with filiy horse, who obeyed. Auth fifty horse, who obeyed. - Otho V.. surnamed "le fraintant," margrave of Brandenburg. —ED. ~ 1372. —Mia. t "Juduque." Q. If not Jiiicrh, Juliers. 458 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. why king Charles of France led a powerful army into Germany. I During the time these things were passing, the duke of Gueldres might indeed have passed it more briefly over, if I had chosen; but crossed the sea to England, to visit his cousin king Richard, and his the dates of all these circumstances ought to be inserted in this his- relatives the dukes of Lancaster, York, and Gloucester, who were tory. In truth, I have my own manner of relating things, which, then at home, and the great barons of England. They made him though pleasing to me, is indifferent enough. When I learnt that the good cheer, for they were desirous to see and make acquaintance kings of France and England were about to interfere in this business, with him, having before heard how much the duke was attached to I exerted myself to examine more deeply into the subject than I had England. In this journey he entered into an alliance with the king hitherto done, and shall continue it as follows. of England; and although he had not hitherto received anything On the return of duke Winceslaus to Brabant, freed from all dangers from the king to induce him to become his liegeman, he now accepted of prison, as you have heard, he was desirous of visiting his states and a pension of one thousand marcs on the king of England's treasury, castles, as well in the duchy of Luxembourg as elsewhere. He took which, according to the value of the coin, was equal to four thousand therefore his road toward Alsace and the city of Strasburg, through the francs ready money.* He was advised to renew his claims on Braterritory of Fauquemont. He visited those three castles which had bant, and was promised to be effectually assisted by England, that caused the hatred of the duke of Gueldres, and found them strong, hand- no loss should accrue to him. In return for which, he swore to be some, and well situated. If he liked them before, he was now still for ever loyal in his services to England: all this he too readily en. more pleased with them, and ordered the tenants around to assist in tered into. When this treaty had been concluded, he took leave of strengthening their fortifications. He employed masons, carpenters'the king and his barons, and returned to Gueldres, when he told the and ditchers, to repair and ornament them; and before his departure, duke of Juliers what he had done, and how he had strengthened himhe appointed a prudent and valiant knight called sir John Grosset, as self by his alliance with England. governor in chief, with orders to guard and defend them at his peril. The duke of Juliers, who, from age, had more experience than his The duke continued his journey through his states, stopping at vari- son, was not much rejoiced on hearing it, and said, "William, what ous places, according to his pleasure, and then returned to Brabant, you have done may be the cause that both you and I shall dearly pay which was his fixed place of residence. for your visit to England. Are you ignorant of the power of the Sir John de Blois had at this period married the duchess-dowager duke of Burgundy, and that he has not his equal in this respect? He of Gueldres, to whom that duchy had fallen by the death of lord Ed- is the next heir to the duchy of Brabant, and how can you think of ward, slain, as you have heard, at the battle of Juliers: but the duchess succeeding in any opposition to him, or of resisting so potent a of Juliers opposed her claim on Gueldres, and was supported by the prince?" " How!" replied the duke of Gueldres, "the more rich maj'ity of the nobility and principal towns; for she was more pop- and powerful he is, the better to make war on. I had rather have ular with them than her eldest sister because she had a fine son, of for my enemy a rich man, who has large possessions, than a little an age to defend them in war, and neither her sister nor her husband, baron from whom nothing can be gained: for one blow I receive, I sir John de Blois, had ever peaceable possession of the duchy. The wish to give six; besides, the emperor of Germany is so much con. war to support the claim of the duchess, in which he was forced to nected with England, that I may look for assistance from him should engage, cost him upward of one hundred thousand francs; and after there be occasion." "By my faith,. fiair son William, you are mad; all William de Juliers, son to the duke of Juliers, (who had early and more of your schemes will fall to the ground than will be accomshown in his youth that chivalry and love of arms had descended to plished." him by blood on both sides,) remained duke of Gueldres. A union I will explain why the duke of Juliers thus checked his son, and was concluded between him and the eldest daughter of duke Albert, doubted of the success of his enterprises. The late king of Prance who was married to the lord Edward of Gueldres, but the marriage, exerted himself much to gain friends in different parts: and, though on account of her extreme youth, had never been consummated. By he could not prevail on many to join him in his wars, yet, by gifts this union with lord William, she remained duchess of Gueldres. and other compliments, he kept them quiet, and by such m'neans Time and seasons pass and change; and this young duke increased acquired several friends in the empire and elsewhere. When the in honor, strength, and understanding, with a great desire for deeds emperor had forgiven the duke of Juliers' conduct to the duke of of arms, and a strong inclination to add to his sister states. His heart Brabant, and the last, by obtaining his liberty, was reconciled to the was more English than French, and he had declared in his younger duke of Juliers, he, at the desire of the king of France, waited on years that he would always aid the kings of England in their wars; him at Paris, where he was most kiindly received. The king gave for, being more nearly connected by blood with them than with the to him and his knights very rich presents of jewels; to the great satiskings of France, he bore them greater affection. When his council faction of the duke. In this visit the duke was presented with Vier. gave him to understand that the Brabanters did him much injury by sont and its lordships, which he held as a fief from the king, to whom the detention of the three castles which the duke and duchess held he swore he would never bear arms against France. Vierson was fiorom him, he replied, "Be it so: wait a while: everything has its. originally dependent on the counts de Blots, is situated between Blois turn. It is not yet time for me to exert myself, for our cousin of and Berry, and may be worth about five hundred francs a year. Brabant has too many powerful friends; but a time may come, when Dering the reign of Charles V., he truly kept his oath, and, as long I will rouse myself in earnest." Things remained in this state, until as the king lived, neither bore arms himself, nor entered into any God was pleased to call to him duke Winceslaus, who died duke of treaty with the enemies of France. When Charles VI. began his Brabant and Luxembourg, as has been already related in this history. reign, he was so much embroiled with the wars with Flanders and The duchess and the states suffered a great loss by the death of this England, that he could not attend to everything. The duke of Juliers, gailant duke. not being summoned, did not renew his homage for Vierson; and the The young duke of Gueldres, who was now of an age to maintain duke of Berry, noticing this, seized the lands, which he said were his pretensions by arms against his enemies, began to take measures dependent on him, and thus deprived the counts of Blois of their for the regaining these three castles, which had created such hatred rights. This, however, caused no quarrel between the families, for between Brabant and his uncle, the lord Edward of Gueldres. He I saw them frequently together, and, indeed, from their connection sent persons properly authorized to treat with the duchess of Brabant it was right they should be good friends; for Lewis, son of the duke for the surrender of the castles, on payment of the sum they had been of Berry, was married to the lady Mary, daughter of the count de mortgaged for: but the lady replied that, as they were now legally Blois. The duke of Juliers had thoughts of claiming the lands of in her possession, she would keep them for herself and her heir, as Vierson, until he found his son had so hastily, and, as he thought, her lawful inheritance; and that if the duke were in earnest in his imprudently allied himself with England, which he imagined would professions of friendship to Brabant, he would prove it by yielding never turn out to his advantage. He had therefore spoken to him in up the town of Grave, which he unjustly detained. The duke of the manner I have related, when the duke of Gueldres returned from Gueldres on hearing this answer, which was not very agreeable to England; but he paid not any attention to it, and, as he was young him, was much piqued, but did not the less adhere to his plans. He and rash, replied to his father, that he would not do otherwise than now attempted to gain over to his interest the governor of those cas- he had said; and that he preferred war to peace, and war against ties, sir John Grosset, by purchase or otherwise. The knight was the king of France to a contest with a poorer person. prudent and steady: he told those who had been sent secretly to treat with him, never again to mention the subject, for, were he to die for it, he would never act dishonorably, nor be guilty of treason to his CHAPTER C. lawful sovereign. When the duke found he had not any hopes of succeeding with the governor, he (as I was informed) addressed THE DUCHESS OF BEABANrT SENDS EH.ASSADORS TO FRANCE FOR ASSISThimself to sir Reginald d'Esconvenort, and excited such a hatred ANCE AGAINST THE DUKE OF GUELDES. THEY ARRIVE AT THE SAME Zn ~~~~~~~~~~~TIMrE THE DUKE'S CHALLENGE. IS BROUGHT, AND RECEIVE FAVORABLE between him and sir John Grosset, for a very trifling cause, that the TIME TIE D' CHALLENGE IS BROUGHT, ND RECEIVE FAVOBLE knight was shortly after murdered in the plains, either by sir Reginald, ANSWS. or by his people, or through an ambuscade, to the great vexation of THE duchess of Brabant, who resided at Brussels, was well in. the duchess of Brabant and that country. The three castles were formed of everything that was passing, and that the duke of Guelput under another governor by order of the duchess and her council. dres menaced the Brahanters with war. She was fearful that he Affairs remained some years in this state; but their mutual hatred would put his threats in execution, and said: "Ah, may God gra. was privately kept up, as well for these castles as for the town of ciously pardon my deceased lord; for, had he been alive, the duke Grave. Those of Gueldres that bordered on Brabant did as much mischief as they could to their neighbors, more particularly the inhab. * See the F~dera, an. te Ricardi It. where the eaty is at length. The pe.aion was itants of Grave, which is but four leagues distant from Bois-le-Duc, for life, ef e thousnd pound, sterling. ]' "(Vierson." —a ck~y of Berry, on the Chef,' diocese of Bourges, twenty~two leagtlos and a fine open country to ride over; they therefore harassed greatly from Oeearno the Brabanters near that part, CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 459 of Gueldres would not have dared to use the expressions I hear he interred in the chapel of St. Michael. When the pope and cardinals has done; but, because I am a woman, and old, he wants to attack perceived that miracles increased from this holy body, they sent an and make war on me." The duchess assembled her council on the account of them to the king of France, and to the elder brother )of occasion; for she knew her opponent was of a hasty temper, and the saint, count Waleran de St. Paul, inviting him to come to Avig.that action would soon follow his words. At the time this council non. The count could not refuse, and, when he went thither, prewas held, the duke of Gueldres had sent his defiance to the king of sented those fine silver lamps which are now before his altar. It France, which had caused great slander in all countries where it had was wonderful the great faith that was in this saint, and the numbeen told; for the duke was but a petty prince in comparison with bers who came thither when I was at Avignon; for by that city 1 others; and the tenor of this challenge was, as I heard, written in returned from Foix, to witness this. His miracles and votaries daily such imperious and coarse language as astonished all who saw it. multiplied, and it was said he would be canonized, but I never This challenge was spoken of variously, according as the different heard more about it. persons to whom it was told were attached. Since I have related the death of this holy cardinal, I will menThe council of the duchess, in answer to her when she demanded tion that of a different person, foi I have not yet spoken of the death tccir advice, said, " In the name of God, lady, what you ask may be of a king who has supplied ample materials for many a part of this speedily given. We advise, that you send embassadors to the king history. His actions, however, were the reverse from those of the of France and to the duke of Burgundy. You have a good oppor. preceding personage, for by them the realm of France was nearly tunity; for the duke of Gueldres has sent his defiance to the king destroyed. You will readily guess I mean the king of Navarre. It of France and all his allies. Should hlie carry his- threats into execu-. is a truth well known, that nothing is more certain than death. I fion, and, as it is reported, make war on that kingdom, in conjunc- repeat it because the king of Navarre, when he died, did not think tion with the English and Germans, he cannot gain a more convenient his end so near. Had he supposed it, he probably would have taken entrance into it, than through your duchy. It is right, therefore, the more care of himself. He resided in the city of Pampeluna, and king and the duke of Burgundy be prepared, and that all your castles took it into his head that he would raise two hundred thousand floon the frontiers be well supplied with men-at-arms; for there is no rins by a tax on his country. His council dared not contradict him, enemy so contemptible, but that he should be feared. We do not for he was a cruel man to all who did so. The principal inhabitants mean to say that against him alone, nor for what the Gueldrians may of the great towns were summoned, and, fearful of disobeying, they be able to do against us, we should seek for assistance or allies: oh, came. When all were assembled in the palace, the king himself, no; but on account of the connections he may have formed with who was a subtle and eloquent man, explained to them the reasons foreign countries, especially with the English, in whose cause he is why he wanted money; and that two hundred thousand florins must n:ow arming, and the Germans, who are avaricious, and eager to be raised from the country, in such wise that the rich should pay make war on France for the wealth they hope to find there." The ten francs each, the middling ranks five, and the poor, one franc. duchess replied, " Your advice is good, and I will that attention be This demand much astonished his audience; for the preceding year paid to it." The envoys to France were chosen firom among the there had been a battle in Navarre, which had caused a tax to be privy counsellors of Brabant, and were the lord de Bourgueval mas- laid for one hundred thousand florins: he had, besides, in the same t~er of the household, sir John Opemr, a most amiable knight, sir year married his daughter the lady Jane to the duke of Brittany,,and Nicholas de la Monnoye, and John de Grave, a clerk. When their there were large arrears of the tax of her dower yet unpaid. credential letters were drawn out and sealed, they left Brussels and The king having demanded their answer, they requested some took the road to Paris. At that time, however, the king and the time to consult together; he allowed them fifteen days, when they duke of Burgundy were at Rouen, whither the embassadors went. were all to meet again in the same place, that is to say, those who On their arrival at Rouen, they waited first on the duke of Bur- had come from the cities and towns: on Which they departed. gundy, who entertained them handsomely, as he knew well, and When the news of this heavy tax was known, the whole country ishowed him their credential letters. The duke having perused thornem, was in consternation. At the end of the fifteen days, they assemat the proper hour led them to the king, who received them graciously, bled agatin at Pampeluna, and the deputies from the principal towns from his regard to their duchess. Tile king, after readitlg their pa- amounted to about sixty persons. The king would hear their answer pers, said: "What you request, demands consideration: keep near in person, and he ordered them to make it in a large orchard, which our fair uncle of Burgundy, and your business shall be attended to, was distant from the palace, and inclosed with high walls. In giving and concluded ats speedily as may be." This answer was satisfac- their answer, they explained how impossible it was for the country tory to them, and, having taken leave of the king and the duke of to pay this new tax, from the poverty of the kingdom, and from the Burgundy, they returned to their lodgings. The king of France, his arrears of former taxes being still unpaid. They were unanimous uncles and the lords of his council, had, at this monmeit, full employ- in this declaration, and begged of Iim, for God's sake, to have pity ment, and were daily in council respecting different matters which on them, for the country could not in truth bear any additional tax. required it. The challenge.of the duke of Gueldres was not very When the king of Navarre found he had not any hopes of suc. agreeable; and they knew not the intentions of the duke of Brittany, cess, he was silent and discontented: on leaving them he said, fiom his strange conduct in regard to the constable of France. They "You have been badly advised: consult together again:" and then had likewise heard he was busy in providing all his towns and cas. went away, followed by his council. The deputies were shut up in ties with stores and men-at-arms; and that his correspondence was this orchard, with orders for no one to be suffered to go out of it, now more frequent than ever with the king of England and his two and verylittle meat or drink to be given them. They remained thus uncles: for the duke of Lancaster was still in Galicia. The council in great fear of their lives, and none dared open their lips. It may of France had, therefore, enough to do, to weigh well these matters; be supposed he succeeded at last in his plan; for he beheaded three and were so much occupied on them, that the Brabanters waited of the most determined in their opposition, to firighten the others to some timte for their answer. At length the duke of Burgundy gave his will. At this moment an extraordinary event happened at PamIt them as follows: "You will return to our fair aunt, and salute her peluna, which seemed a judgment from God. I will relate it, as matny times in my name. Give her these letters from the king.and several persons from Pampeluna told it me at Foix, which is but from me; and tell her, that we consider her affairs as our own, and three days' journey off. desire her not to be alarmed at anything, for she will have speedy It was reported, that the king of Navarre was fond of women, aid; and tell her that the country of Brabant shall not, in any way, and had at this time a very handsome lady for his mistress, with be hurt or damaged." This answer was very agreeable to the em- whom he occasionally amused himself, for he had been long a wid bassadors, who instantly returned to Paris, and thence to Brussels, ower. Having passed a night with her, he returned to his own and gave the duchess a detailed account of what had passed, and of chamber, shivering with cold, and said to oneof his valets, "Prethe answer they had received, so that she was perfectly contented. pare my bed, for I want to lie down and repose myself a little." When ready, he undressed himself and went to bed; but he was no sooner laid down than he beganto shake, and could not get warm C H A P T E R CI. He was of a great age, about sixty, and accustomed to have his bed well warmed with heated air to make him sweat; and this practice ONCENIN TE tOR OF TE N O SANCTITY wIC WERE MAN- he had long continued without any visible Jarm. He ordered his IFESTED BY1 THE CARDINg_'[ DE LUXE5IBOJRGx AFTERt HIS D)EATH. TWIE ITED BY TE CARDINAL LUXEMBO AFTER HIS EATH. TH servants to warm the bed as usual; but this time, either by the will ExrCRAoRDNA~rgY END OF T'HE KING~ OF NAVArRE. EXTRAORDINARY END OF TE IIN OF NAARE. of God or the devil, it turned out very unfortunate, for the flames A30UrT this period, there were many rumors, that the body of Saint somehow set fire to the sheets, and it could not be extinguished bePe.er de Luxetnbourg, who had been a cardinal, showed miraculous fore they were destroyed, and tihe king, who was wrapped up int powers in the city of Avignon. This holy cardinal was the sort of them, horribly burnt as far as his navel. He did not instantly die, the lord Guy de Saint Paul, slain at tie battle of Juliers. I must but lingered on, in great pain and misery, fifteen days; for neither say, that the cardinal led a most holy and devout life, doing works surgeon nor physician could apply any remedies to prevent his death. agreeable to God; for he was courteous, modest, chaste, and a great Such was the end of the king of Navarre, which, however, freed almsgiver. He kept from his chtrch preferments merely sufficient his poor subjects from the tax he would have laid on them. Ills son for his maintenantce, and gave all the rest to the poor. He was the Charles was a young, handsome, and gallant knight; he was negreater part of the day and night in prayer, and shunned all worldly i knowledged king of Navarre by all his subjects, and soon after the vanities. His life was so devout that it pleased God to call him in obsequies of his father was crowned in the city of Pampeluna.* his youth; and, instantly after his death, his body, which he had *"charles king of Navarre died is 1887, aged ci years. His deatht was worthsy of hi ardered to be buried in the common sepulchre with the poor, per- life. He was wrnapped up in cloths that had been slipped in spirits of wine and sulphur:onned miracles, for his whole life was full of humility, but it was to reanimate time chill in his limbs, caused by his debaucheries, and to cure hisl lel~rosa 460 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. We will, for the present, leave Ventadour, and, by way of variety CHAPTER CII. speak of other matters. TuHE DUKE OF BERRY BESIEGES VENTADOUR.* CHAPTER CIII. You have before read of the treaties the count d'Armagnac and the dauphin of Auvergne attempted to make with the captains of THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY SENDS FOUR HUNDRED SFEARS TO THE DUCHESS the free companies who held castles and forts in Auvergne, the Ge- OF BRABANT. THEY SURPRISE AND BURN THE TOWN OF SEAULLF IN vaudan, and Limousin, and were at war with their neighbors. GUELDRES. Many of them were inclined to accept the terms offered, for they THE duke of Burgundy was not forgetfull of his promise to his aunt, thought they had sufficiently plundered France, and wished to do the duchess of Brabant. He assembled a body of four hundred good ~he same elsewhere. The count d'Armagnac promised to lead them men-at-arms, from Burgundy and other parts, and appointed two into Lombardy: but the count de Foix, whom it was not easy to de- knights for their commanders: the one was sir William de la Tr6. ceive, imagined that was not his intention, and made secret inquiries mouille, a Burgundian; the other, sir Gervais de Merande, a German' as to the progress of the business, and whither the men-at-arms were and said to them, "You will conduct these men-at.-arms to that par to march on quitting their strongholds. The common report was, of the frontiers of Brabant and Gueldres our fair aunt and her coun that they still continued their courses, for the men of the country so cil have fixed on, and make a severe war on her enemy, for such are related it to him. Upon hearing this, he shook his head, and said, our commands." The knights replied, they were ready and willing " Such men-at-arms will not be trifled with. The count d'Armag- to obey his orders. When all their stores and men were assembled, nac and his brother Bernard are young, and I know they neither they set out for Brabant, and having entered the duchy of Lexembourg, love me nor my country: these men-at-arms, therefore, may per. sent to inform the duchess of their coming. The marshal of Brabant chance fall on me, unless I shall take proper order to guard against went to meet and conduct them, and, by the directions of the counthem. The proverb says,'Long provision beforehand maketh sure cil, quartered them in the three castles the duke of Gueldres claimed, possession.' of which they now formed the garrison, and, being on the enemy's The count de Foix was not, in truth, wrong in his conjectures, as land, went forth daily in hopes to meet them. The duke of Guel. appearances at one time showed, which I shall relate, if I carry my dres, perceiving that hostilities were begun, reinforced all his towns history to that length. You have heard how that Breton, Geoft]y and castles, and made every preparation to withstand his opponents. T~te.noire, had long held the castle of Ventadour, on the borders of Sir William de la Tr6inmouille, desirous to gain renown, and to do Auvergne and Bourbonnois, and had refused to surrender for any some act that should make it known he was in the country, cast his money that had been offered him. He considered this castle as his eyes on a town of Gueldres, about four leagues from the castle wherein own inheritance, and had forced all the surrounding country to enter he was, in hopes to gain it: it was called Seaulle. Having secretly into composition with him to avoid being plurndered. By this means opened his mind to sir Gervais de Merande, and explained his inten every one could labor the ground at their pleasure, and he was en- tions, he agreed to accompany him; for he was equally anxious foi abled to keep the state of a groat baron. He was a cruel man, and deeds of arms. Having collected men from the different garrisons, very ferocious in his anger, minding no more killing a man than a they marched off at midnight, at a brisk trot, under the care of able beast. You must know, that when the tax for the redemption of guides, who brought them to Seaulle near the point of day. They these castles was first raised, those in Auvergne, imagining that then halted, and formed another disposition, which, as it was told Ventadour would be surrendered to the duke of Berry, and the coun- me, was as follows: sir Gervais, with only thirty lances, was to leave try delivered from the oppressions of the garrison, very cheerfully the main body, and, if possible, to gain and keep the gate, until sir paid their quota. But when they saw, that of those garrisons who William should arrive with the remainder; for if the whole had adcontinued their inroads, that of Ventadour was the most daring, they vanced, an alarm might have been given, but so few would possibly were very disconsolate and considered the tax that had been raised be taken for a party whom the duke of Gueldres had sent to reinas thrown away. They declared, that until the garrison of Venta- force the place, or some of his men who were riding from one town dour was prevented from overrunning the country, they would never to another. pay one farthing of any future tax. This was carried to the duke of As they had planned, so was it executed: sir Gervais left the army Berry, who was lieutenant of Limousin, Gevaudan, and Auvergne, with thirty German spears, and rode toward the town. He passed and he declared to his council, that those who had made such decla- indeed many people on his road thither; for it was market-day, and, ration were in the right, and that the promises that had been held out as he passed, saluted them in German, which made them all suppose were badly kept, by their not having so closely besieged the place, they were their countrymen, attached to the duke of Gueldres, and as to prevent the garrison sallying forth. The duke then ordered going to the garrison. Sir Gervais rode on until he came to the that four hundred spears should be collected, and paid by the coun- gate, which he found wide open and slightly guarded: indeed it was try, and placed under the command of sir William de Lignac and so early, that few were out of bed. They there halted, and were sir John de Bonne-lance, a courteous and valiant knight from the scarcely masters of the gate when sir William de la Tr6mouille, with Bourbonnoi-s, for them to invest Ventadour completely on all sides the main body, came up full gallop, and entered the town, shouting with block-houses. their cry. Thus was the town won without any defence being made: These knights and men-at-arms laid their siege as closely as they the garrison never imagined the French would have been so enter. could to the castle, and erected four block-houses: they also had prising, and the greater part were still in bed. It was on the Martin. large trenches cut by the peasants, and every obstruction thrown across mas eve this deed was done. Three days before, an English knight the roads they used to take, so that the garrison was completely shut had entered the town with ten spears and thirty archers, whom the in. Geoffry, however, was indifferent to this; for he knew he had pro- king of England had sent thither. The knight's name was sir Wil. vision and stores to last for seven years, and that his castle was liam Fikaoul;* and, at the moment of the first noise and bustle, lihe co strongly placed upon a rock that it could not be taken by storm; was getting out of his bed. Hearing the town was taken, he asked and, notwithstanding these block-houses, and this supposed complete by whom; he was told by Bretons. " Ha!" said he, "Bretons are blockade, he, at times, with som: of;is companions, made sallies wicked fellows: they will pillage and burn the town, and then leave through a postern that opened between wo hidden rocks, and over- it: whose cry have they?" "In the name of God," cried a knight, ran the country in search of' wealthy prisoners. They never brought " they cry Tr6mouille!" anything besides with them to the castle, on account of the difficulty Sir William Fikaoul, upon this, armed himself, and made his men of the passes. This opening could not be closed, and, to the sur- do the samne, and barricade his house, to see if any would come to prise of the country, they were found abroad aeven leagues distant: his rescue, but in vain; for every one was so frightened, they were if they were by accident pursued, and had once regained their moun- flying in all directions, some for the church, others to escape by an tamins, though the chase lasted for three leagues, they c. nsidered opposite gate to that the enemy had entered, abandoning all they themselves as secure as if in their fort. This manner of harassing possessed. The French set fire to the town to alarm others at a disthe country was long continued; and the siege of the castle in the tance, but there were many houses of stone and brick which could manner I have related, lasted for more than a year: by it the country not be affected by it: however, the greater part was burnt down and was saved the large sums they used to pay as composition-money. pillaged, for nothing worth taking was left; and they carried away some of the richest inhabitants prisoners. By some accident, they caught fire, as they weroe sewing them about him, and burnt the The English knight was taken doing his duty. When he saw all flesh off his bones. It is thus that almoit all the French historians',relate the death of Charles; but in the letterofthe bishop of Dax, his principal minister, to queen Blanche, was lost, he ordered his house to be cleared of the barricades; for the sister of this prince, and widow of Philitr de Valois, there is not one word said of' he was fearful of fire, as his hall was full of smoke, and placing him. this horrid accident, but only of the great pains he suffered in his last illness, and the self and men in front, fought very valiantly, but at length was made re:gnation with which hle bore them. Voltaire pretends that Charles was not worse prisoner by sir William de la Trerouille: his men were likewise ttan many other princes. Ferreras had said before him, that the French surnamed him Charles the Had, on account of the troubles he had fomentedt in the kingdom; but that, taken, for tw were slain. When the French had done all they listed if nis actions were examined, hewoulnd he found not sufficiently wicked to deserve such at Seaulle, in Gueldres, and their servants had packed up the plun. a surname. It is, however, precisely his actions that have caused it. He was, says der, they departed, for it would have been folly to have remained father Daniel. treacherous, revengeful, cruel, and tie sota cause of the ruin of France. longer, and marched to their different garrisons. Such was the suc. Father Daniel speaks exactly like M~aricana, who has painted with energy his cruelties, of this first bin his inflinous dlebaucheries, and his treasons. Ourbest historians have dcne tie same. But it is one of the felties of our age to attempt the rehstablishment of the most worth- vexed when he heard of his loss, and hastened thither with a large less characters, and to cry down those reputations that have been the eost exalted."- body of men-at-arms, hoping to find the French still there. Hie.N'eouvenu Dictzomanir-e Historiqume. For more of Charles de Navarre, see leo M/dmoires de l'Academie. * "Filaoul." Ferard has Vilzraoul, and my MS. Fitz-Paul. Lord Berners has tlm ~'" Ventadour" a castle in the.diocese of Limoges same as in the text. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 461 strengthened and repaired the town, and placed therein a garrison, prisoner, I would show him to you. Through the grace of God, I who were more diligent in guarding it than the preceding one had have this day fallen in with a party of very valiant ones; but, although been. Thus it happens in war; sometimes one side loses, and they gave us enough to do, the field is ours. They were not indeed sometimes another. real Englishmen, but Gascons who wage war under that name, and The duchess of Brabant was highly pleased with the success of come from B6arn and upper Gascony. You may view them at your sir William de la Tremouille and sir Gervais de Merande, and they leisure; for out of my love to you, I shall leave them in this town acquired much renown for it throughout the country. It was the until they have paid me their ransom." The ladies laughed, turned common talk in Brabant, that in the course of the ensuing summer, the matter into merriment, and said they were obliged to him. they would renew the attack, and keep possession of it, for they When they departed, he accompanied them, and remained in Mont. should then have a sufficient force. The duke of Burgundy was well ferrant for three days, amusing himself with the ladies and damsels. pleased to hear such satisfactory accounts of the good conduct of Bonne-lance, during his stay, gave good entertainment to Maudurant those he had sent to Brabant; and, to encourage them to persevere, and his companions, as he saw they were poor, but bold fi:llows in he frequently wrote to his knight, sir William de la Tr6mouille. They the field; it would have been better for the town had he killed or guarded so well the castles on the frontier, that no loss happened; drowned them than to have left them there. and the enemy was more careful in regard to their towns than they When he was going away, he said to Geronnet, "You will remain had been before the capture of Seaulle. I will now relate an ex- here as hostage for your companions, who are to seek your ransom; ploit of Perrot le B6arnois in Auvergne, and detail the whole history and, when you shall be prepared to pay, I have ordered a person to of it at length. receive it for me; and, the moment you have acquitted yourself' to me, you may depart, for I have left instructi&as that you may meet ~CHAPTER~ CLV. with no:mpediment. Remember, Gearm-et, that I have treated you handsomely; and, if any of our men fall into your hands, do you GERONNET DE MAUDURANT, ONE OF THE CAPTAINS OF PERROT LE BEAR- treat them in like manner." "On my faith," replied Geronnet, "my NOIS, HAVING BEEN MADE PRISONER BY JOHN BONNE-LANcE, AT MONT- fair lord and master, that I will cheerfully do, for we are bounden to FERRANT IN AUVERGNE, FINDS MEANS, AFTEE HIS RANSOM WAS FArt, it by your generous conduct." Bonne-lance returned to the siege TO PUT LE BEARNOIS IN POSSESSION OF MONTFERRANT. of Ventadour, and twelve of his prisoners remained in Montferrant. THIs same year, about the middle of May, forty bold companions The ten others, according to agreement, returned to Chaluget, to set out from Chalucet,* in the possession of Perrot le Bearnois, in seek from Perrot le Bearnois two-and-twenty hundred francs; for Limousin, to seek adventures in Auvergne, under the command of this was the sum their ransoms had been fixed at. The twelve in a squire from Gascony, called Geronnet de Maudurant, an able man- Montferrant were lodged in a handsome house, and lived at much at.arms. On account of the dread this country and the borders of expense. They were not strictly watched; and, during the fifteen the Bourbonnois had of these people, the duke of Bourbon had ap- days they staid, they went about the town to amuse themselves, and pointed, for its defence, one of his knights, a valiant man-at-arms, made such observations on the state of it as cost it afterwards one called sir John Bonne-lance, who was courteous, amorous, and eager hundred thousand firancs. to display his courage. When he heard these companions were When the captain of Chaluget heard of the ill success of Geronnet abroad, he asked how many they might be: and when they said, de Maudurant, and that he and his companions had been defeated "About forty," he replied, "As for forty lances, we do not fear that by sir John Bonne-lance, he was very indifferent about it, and said number: I will take as many to meet them." He then departed to those who had brought him the news, "You are come hither to from the place where he had heard of this excursion, but his greater seek for money to pay his and your ransoms: are you not?" "Yes," force was before Ventadour, and collected about forty or fifty of his they replied, "for gain is not always to be looked for." "I know men-at-arms that were dispersed on the borders of Limousin, Au. nothing of gain or loss," answered the captain; "but this I know, vergne, and the Bourbonnois, for he was very desirous to perform you will get nothing from me. I did not send you on this excursion: some deed of arms. IHe had with him sir Lewis d'Ambiere, sir it was your own free election to seek an adventure. Send to, or tell Lewis d'Abton, and the lord de St. Obise. - They took the field with- your companions when you see them, that adventure must deliver out following any particular road, for they were well acquainted with them. Do you suppose that I will thus spend my money? No, my the country, and came to a pass through which they imagined the friends, that I will not, by my faith! I can always have men enough, enemy must cross, and nowhere else, on account of the mountains, who will make more prudent excursions than ye have done. I will and a river which is wide and deep from the melting of the snow. not, therefore, ransom any man belonging to me, who is not taken They had not been there half an hour when the enemy appeared, no when in my company." This was all the answer they could get way suspecting this meeting. Bonne-lance and his party, with their respecting Geronnet's ransom. They consulted together, and thought spears in their rests, charged them, shotsting their cry as they were it would be right to send three of them to give Geronnet information descending the mountain on foot. When they found they must fight, of this, that he might consider the matter. The three who were they put a good countenance on it, and prepared for their defence: sent, passing without'the walls of Clermont, gave their horses water Geronnet, who was a stout squire, set them the example. Many at the mill brook, which runs hard by. They remained some time were, at the first onset, beaten down on both sides; but, to say the in the brook observing the walls of Clermont, and noticing they were truth, the French were by far better men-at-arms than these adven — not too high to be scaled, "By the head of St. Anthony," said they turers, which they showed, for not one turned his back but the ser- among themselves, "this town may be easily taken: if we come here vants, who by flight saved themselves while their masters were fight- some night, we may have it, provided the guard is not very strong." ing. Two-and-twenty were made prisoners, and sixteen left dead They then added, in their Gascon dialect, " We will barga.. for it on the field: their leader surrendered himself prisoner to Bonne-lance. now, and another time buy it: one cannot bargain and buy in tlhe The victorious party set out on their return, carrying their prisoners same day." They then passed on, and arrived at Montferrant, where with them. On the road, Bonne-lance recollected that, about a they found Geronnet and his companions. They related to them month ago, when at Montferrant in Auvergne, he had been well word for word, all that had passed between them and Perrot le Bear. received by the ladies and damsels, and that, as they were amusing nois, which, as they knew not where else to seek for money to pay themselves, they said to him, "Fair brother Bonne-lance, you are their ransoms, vexed them exceedingly, and for a day and night they often in the field, and must at times meet your enemies." A lady, were outrageous at his conduct. who was much in his good graces, added, "I am sure you have fre- Geronnet having calmly considered the matter, said to those who quent engagements with them, and I say so because I should like to had come from Chlaluet, "Brother-soldiers, return to our captain, see an Englishman. I have often heard, from a squire of this country and tell him firom me, that ever since I have been under his corn. with whom you are well acquainted, of the name of Gourdines, mand, I have loyally and faithfully served hiin, and, if he pleases, that they are determined men-at-arms, and as expert as any in this will continne to do so; and let hlim'know, that if I shall be forced country. Indeed, they prove it by their gallantry, and by taking to turn to the French to obtain my liberty, he will not gain by it. I from us towns and castles, and keeping possession of them." "By shall, however, delay doing this as long as I can; and it will be God, fair lady," replied Bonne-1ince, "if I have the good fortune always against my own inclinations. Tell him also, that if he will to make one of them my prisoner, you shall see him." "Many pay our ransoms, I will, within one month after our deliverance, thanks," answered the lady. When Bonne-lance remembered this, conduct himn to such a place, that it will be his own fault if he does he had taken the road to Clermont in Auvergne, as the engagement not gain one hundred thousand firancs from it." The three comhad been hard by; but he quitted it, and followed that to Montfer- panions returned to Perrot, and punctually gave him the message rant, which lay about one league off on the left hand. The inhabit- that Geronnet had charged them with. On hearing it, he mused a ants of Montferrant were in high spirits at the success of Bonne. while, and said, "It may be so: I will speedily give him Ihis liberty." lance over these adventurers, and gave him a hearty welcome. He ordered a large coffer to be opened, that contained upward of When he and his people had dismounted at the h6tel, they disarmed forty thousand francs, money acquired by pillage, you must underand took their ease. The ladies and damsels assembled to cntertain stand, and not from the rents of his estate in Bnarn; for tise town and feast Bonne-lance, whom they came twenty times to see. He wherein he was born, and always resided before he left BIarn, has gallantly received them, for he was a prudent knight, and addressing but twelve houses, and belongs to the count de Foix. The name himself to the lady who was so anxious to see aIl Englishlman, said, of it is Dadam, three leagues fr'om Orthts. Perrot le B~arnois had "Lady, I am come to acquit myself of the promise I made you about conlltedl out before him two-and-twenty hundred francs, and one s month ago, that if I should, by good fortune, take an Englishman hlunddred for their expenses, which he put into a purse; and calling to hint the thiree companions who had returned firom Moniterrant, * "Chalu~et," election of Limoges, near Pierre-buffiem. s said, "I give you three-and-twenty hundred francs: a friend in need 462 CHRONI.LES OF E h GLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. is a friend indeed: I shall risk them for Geronnet's fieedom: he is noticing the merry life they led, and not having the smailest suspicion able to regain for me, if he pleases, as much again, if not more." of them, went to bed. The companions took the money and set out again for Montfer- I will now return to Perrot le B6arnois and his companions. This rant, which was fourteen long leagues distant; but they had very same day, toward evening, they left Donzac, under the command of good passports, which permitted them to pass and repass. Geronnet, seven captains. Perrot le BBarnois was the chief, then the bourg de on learning that they had returned with the money, was much pleased: Copane, whose name was Arnaudon, the bourg Anglois, le bourn he sent for those to whom sir John Bonne-lance had directed him to Carlat, Apton Seighin, Olim Barbe, and Bernadon des Isles: there pay L, and said to them, " Count it: you will find the purse contains was also with them a grand pillager from B6arn, called the lord de two thousand two hundred francs, which is all we are to give you." Lance-plaine. It was from him and the bourg de Copane I learnt After this, he paid liberally, and to the satisfaction of all, t.he expen- all this business, and the manner of its being undertaken, after Canses they had been at. When this was done, Geronnet borrowed and dlemas, when the nights are long and cold. The weather this night hired horses and men to conduct them to Chaluget, sir John Bonne- was so severe, with wind and rain, that the captain of the guard lance having received a certificate of the ransom being paid. I am would not leave his house, but sent his son, a boy about sixteen ignorant whether sir John Bonne-lance sent for this money or left it years old, to examine the state of the guard. On his arrival, between in Montferrant, trusting to the strength of the place; for sir Peter de the outward and inward gate, he found four old men, almost frozen Giac, at that time chancellor of France, had there deposited his with cold, who said to him, " Take from each of us a halfpenny, wealth. of which he lost the whole, or at least as much as could be and allow us to go and warm ourselves." The youth was eager for discovered, according to what you will hear told. the money, which he took, and suffered the guard to go home. Go. When Geronnet de Maudurant returned to Chaluget, his companions gladly received him, and made him good cheer.- After three or four days, Perrot le B6arnois called him, and -' said, "Geronnet, you are obliged to the fair ~; " offers you sent me, for your freedom, and to " way bound to pay your ransom when taken in excursions made without my orders: now, MM keep your word, and prove the trnth of yo _ur_ offer; otherwise we shall be on bad terms, and you will incur my serious anger: for know? that I have not learnt to lose, hut to win."' /$b "Captain," replied Gerosnet, "you have rea. \ son to say so; and I now offer to put you in possession of Montferrant within fifteen days, if you be willing to undea ortake ait. In this e town therein is greatd wealth and wherewitha o, to plunder; for, besides its riches in silk and I merchandise, many of the inhabitants have of o much money. Sir Peter de iac, chancellor t, of France, who knows well where to seek for money, has deposited, as I have been informed, a very large sum in this town of Motferrant, and I must say, it is the weakest and worst o guarded town in the realm; this is the offer I sent to you, and the promise I entered into" "In God's name," answered Perrot, "it is well said, and I accept it: I will secretly make preparations: you know all the outlets of the PERROT LE BgAivenOX AND A CoMaiit oF PmaLLAt e s.-Des igaed from a-MS. Illumination of the 15th Century. town: but will it require many men?" Three or four hundred spears," said Geronnet, "will do the business; for they do not seem people likely to ronnet or some of his people were constantly on the watch at the gat make ary great resistance." " Well, by God," replied Perrot, " I of the Crown, for the relief of the guard. Observing the youth re. will undertake it, and make it known to the captains of the forts turn, and the guard with him, they said, " Things go well: it will that are near us, and when we be all assembled, will march thither."i be a good niht for us: there are none in the town but those who In consequence, Perrot he Br arnois got himself in readiness, and are now in bed, and, as the guard is dismissed, we have nothing to sent information of his intentions to the captains of the forts in the fear." neighborhood, and fixed their rendezvous at the castle of Donzac,* Perrot and his companions were making all the haste they could. in the bishopric of Chermont, that was not far distant from Montfer- but they were obliged to pass fnder the walls of Clermont. When rant: Olim Barbe, a Gascon, and famous pillager, was the captain within one league of that place, they met Amerigot Marcel, gov of it. The companions from seven forts attached to the English ernor of Aloise, near St. Flour, with about one kundred spears. met, on the appointed day, at Donzac, and were upward of four When they were known to each other, there was much joy; and hundred lances, well mounted, whence they had only six leagues to they mutually asked whither they were going in such bad weather, ride to Montferrant. The first captain who arrived was Perrot he and what ware the objects of their being abroad. Amerigot Marcel Bkarnois, to show he was the chief of the expedition, and to consult said, "I come from my castle of Aloise, and am going to Carlat." with the other leaders before the whole came thither, and hay their "In God's name," replied the two captains of Carla, the bourg. An. plans according to the information which had been given by Geron- glois, and the bourg do Copane, " here we are, if you have anything net de Maudurant, and as to the time he had fixed for ther coiing to say to us. Do you want anything?" " Yes," said he: " you have to the town. some prisoners who belong to the dauphin d'Auvergne, and you know Geronnet, with eleven companions, dressed themselves in coats of he is in treaty with us through the count dI'Armagnac. I wish, therefriese, like to traders, and each leading a horse well laden, according fore, to have those prisoners in exchange for some others who are in to the custom of the country, set out from Donzac before day, con- my fort, as I have been earnestly requested to get them by the lady ducting their horses on the road, as carriems: they arrived about noon dauphin, and she is so good a lady, one cannot refuse her anything." in the town of Mogtferrant. No one made any inquiries who they The bourg de Copane replied, "Amerigot, you are indeed bounden were, never suspecting them to be otherwise than traders or carriers, to oblige this lady, for you had from her, three years ago, five thou. as their dresses showed, and supposing that they were come to pur. sand francs of her money for the ransom of the castle of Mercier. chase draperies and linens at the fair; for they had travelled, they Whereisnow the lord dauphin?" "They tell me," says Amerigot, said, from beyond Montpelier for this purpose; and already much "1that he is at Paris, negotiating the treaties you know we have en. merchandise had arrived from the aeighboring towns. Geronnet gaged in with him and the count d'Armagnac." "Come with us,"en carried his company to the Crown Inn, where, having put their horses said Perrot e Barnois, "and leave all these things: you will gain hneda stable, they chose a handsome apartment for themselves, where by it, for you shall have a share of our booty." Whither are you they remsained in quiet, not venturing abroad, in the town, lest their going?" asked Amerigot. "By my faitm, brother-soldier, we lre plan might be discovered, but thought only of enjoying themselves, going straight to Montferrant, as that town is to be delivered to mC ing, they tookr a great deal of care of their horses, and gave the host, wrong; for you know we have entered into a treaty with time count hostess, and servants to understand, as they had come afar off, it was d'Armagnac and this country, which, on that account, thinks itself necessary they should be well attended to. They called so loudly for in a perfect state of security. You will act indeed very ill, if you candles, they could not satisfy them; and would not go to bed, but execute what you have said, and by it break off all our treaties." krept drinking and roaring in their chamber. The host and hostess, "On my troth, companion, I will never keep any treaty," said Per.ot, t~-r~u~-~-~ —-~ — __ __ "as long as I am master of the field, for we eneust hive. Come with c h mmnzac." a village mu Anmagmac. diocese and generalty of Ach. i us, for you have nothing to do at Carlat, as the captains are here, anao CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 463 those they have left behind will never give you admittance into the the porters: they asked: "Who are ye that awaken us at such an fort." hour?" " I am such a one," naming himself, "1 who have this night "With you," replied Amerigot, "I will not go, but, since thins carried home some work to the governor's house; and as I was com.. are thus, return to my own castle." The parties then separated, and ing this way, news was brought that some merchants from Mont. Peirot continued his road toward Clermont and Montferrant. When pelier were without the gate, quite jaded and wet with their journey they were below Clermont, they suddenly halted, for a new thought and loads. He has therefore sent me to tell you to open the gates, had struck some of them from what the Gascons told who had been or to give me the keys to do so; and, as a proof I am sent by him, I backward and forward to Chaluget from Mcntferrant. They said was to say he did not relieve the guard this evening, but sent his to the captains who were collected together: " This city of Clermont son." " That is true," replied they: " thou shalt have the keys: is large and rich, and as easy to be taken as Montferrant; since we only wait a moment." One of thom arose, and taking the keys, that have ladders With us, let us scale the walls; we shall gain more than were hanging on a peg, opened a small window, and gave them to at Montferrant." On hearing this, they had almost resolved to put it him. The moment after, Gerennet snatched them from him, and into execution; but their captains, having considered it, said: went to the bars of the gate. The first key he put into the lock "Clermont is a strong town, populous, and well provided with arms: luckily opened it: and he then went to the outward gate, thinking if once we alarm them, they will collect together and defend them- to do the same there, but in vain. selves. There is not a doubt of our having the worst of it; and if we Perrot and his companions were on the outside, waiting its open.. be repulsed, and ouri horses taken or lost, we shall be disabled from ing; but, as Geronnet's endeavors were fruitless, he said to them, advancing any farther. We are at a distance from our castles: the " My fair sirs, give some assistance; for I cannot any way open this country will rise against us: we shall be pursued, and run the great gate." Then those who were provided with axes and wedges, be. est hazard of loss of life or liberty. It will be more advisable to con. gan to use them like carpenters. As soon as they had made a hole, tinue our road, and finish what, had been first fixed on, than to Geronnet gave them hatchets and saws to cut the bars. Several of attempt any new exploit that may cost us too dear." This advice the inhabitants, on hearing the noise, quitted their beds, wondering was followed, and not one word more said on the subject. They what it could be; for they never imagined the English were come to passed Clermont as quietly and quickly as they could, and, on the awaken them at such an hour. The porters at the gate, who had so point of eleven o'clock, came before Montferrant. They suddenly badly guarded it, hearing the clattering of armor and the neighing of halted, when they perceived the town about two bow-shots off, and horses, knew they had been deceived and surprised. They went to Perrot said: "We are now at Montferrant: our people must be the windows over the gate, and bawled out, "Treason! treason!" within it. Do you wait here, and I will go by these ditches to see which alarmed the whole town: many rose and fled to save them.,f I can learn anything of Geronnet, who has brought us hither; and selves and fortune in the castle, but fewwere allowed to enter it: for, do not you stir until I return." " Go," replied his companions: when the governor heard the English had surprised the town, for ear "we will wait for you." of consequences he would not lower the drawbridge. He received, On this, Perrot le B'arnois, with three others, went away; but it indeed, some of his friends at the first moment, by means of a pla&; was so very dark, they could not see the length of an acre, and it but when he heard the cries of the women and children, he withdrew rained, snowed and blew, most unmercifully. Geronnet was at this the plank, and would never replace it, but made his preparations for hour on the walls, impatiently listening to hear of the arrival of his defence, in case the castle should be attacked. friends. He looked down, and saw, as he thought, the shadows of I have said how the first gate was opened: the second was cut minen entering the ditches: on this he began to whistle. He was down with axes, and the captains, with their companions, marched heard by Perrot, who advanced more into the ditch, for there was no into the town without any opposition. They did not, at first, enter'water in it on that side; and Geronnet asked, "'Who is there?" a house, for they knew not if any bodies of men were collecting to Perrot knew him from his Gascon pronunciation, and said, "I am resist them, but went through the town to be assured of it They Perrot le B'arnois: is it thou, Geronnet?" "1Yes," replied he: only found a few, who were attempting to enter the castle, that made "if you will make yourself ready, and advance your men, you shall any resistance, but they were soon either slain or made prisoners. enter the town at this place: we cannot fail of success, for the in- Why should I make a long story of it? The town of Montferrant habitants are all in bed." "At this place!" said Perrot, "God for- was thus surprised, on a Thursday night, the thirteenth day of Feb.bid: I will never enter that way; and, if I do at all, it shall be ruary, by Perrot le Bearnois and his accomplices. When they saw through the gate." "Then you will nriot enter at all," replied Ge- themselves masters of the place, they took up their lodgings at differ. ronnet, in a passion. "On my troth, Perrot, it is not in my power: ent hbtels, without doing violence to any one; for Perrot had ordered1 come hither with your rope-ladders, and none will attempt to oppose under pain of death, that neither woman nor damsel should be vio. your entrance." "Listen to me, Geronnet," said Perrnt: "thou lated, that no houses should be burnt, nor any prisoners made without hast promised to give me entrance into this town; and, according to his knowledge; and that no one, under the same penalty, should thy engagement, I will enter it in no other way than by the gate." hurt church or churchman, nor take away anything from thence. "I cannot help it," said Geronnet, "for it is impossible to enter by These were the orders Perrot le B6farnois always.gave; and he had the gate, as it is closed and guarded, although the men may be made them strictly observed ever since he had entered France, to asleep carry on a war against its towns and castles. While they were thus disputing, some of Perrot's men came near Such was not the conduct of Geoffily Tate-noire: it was indifferent the ditch to hear if anybody were stirring. Near to where they were, to him whether churches were plundered or not, so that he gained by was a small insulated house, adjoining the walls, in which lived a it. When news was brought to Clermont, which is but a short poor tailor, who, having been hard at work until that hour, was going league distant, of the capture of Montferrant by the English, the into bed. As the wind carried the sounds of their voices, and as per- habitants were greatly alarmed, and not without cause, for their ensons hear better in the night than in the day-time, he fancied he heard emies were too near. They knew not well how to act; but they some loud talking on the bulwarks. He left his house, and, advan. made preparations for the defence of the town. This intelligence cing on the walls, saw Perrot's men wallking about; on which he was also carried to Chtteau-neuf, on the Allier, Thionne, Vic, oried out, "Treason!" when one of Geronnet's companions seizing Yssoire, Riom, Aigue-perse, and the strong castle of Montpensier: him by the throat, said: "If thou utterest another word, thou art a all, or the greater part, of these places belonged to the duke of Berry. dead man." On this, fearing to be murdered, he was silent, and Ge- Those who heard it, or were any way affected by it, were exceed. ronnet, turning toward them, said: "Do not kill the fellow, for he ingly surprised: and the neighboring parts of Auvergne, Bourbonnois, comes so opportunely, it must be through the mercy of God that he is Forits, and even as far as Berry, trembled. When the news came sent, since by his means we shall completely succeed in our enter- to Paris, the king and his uncles were, as was natural, very wroth. prise." Then addressing himself to Perrot, he added: "Do you re- The count-dauphin of Auvergne was at this time in Paris, on the turn to your men; and, when you shall hear the inner gate open, do affairs of his country, and greatly hurt when told of the surprise of yos attack the outward one with axes to gain admittance." He then Montferrant; for, as he was with the count d'Armagnac, lieutenant told him the use he meant to make of the tailor. Perrot went to his for the king over these countries, he was afraid blame would be im. men, and related to them all you have heard. When he was gone, puted to him for being absent from his government. But his excuse Geronnet said to the tailor, "If thou dost not promise to do all I was, that he was at Paris for the completion of the treaties that had shall order thee, thou art instantly a dead man." "And what do been entered into with the captains of the free companies, and that, you want me to do?" "I want thee to go with me to the gate of on the faith of them, the country had thought itself in perfect security. the town, and awaken the porters, and tell them the governor has The dauphin, however, set out from Paris, for Auvergne, the moment sent thee thither to order them to open the gates, or to let thee open he heard of it, leaving his state behind, and, only attended by one them, to some merchants from Montpelier, who are without, heavy page, took the road for Moulins, in the Bourbonnois, changing horses laden with merchandise for the fair." " I do not think they will be. daily. In this haste, he came to St. Pierre le Moustier,* where he lieve me," said the man. "!v Yes, they will if thou tell them, as a learnt other intelligence, which I will relate to you.i tokeia of being sent by the governor, that he could not come himself ~ to relieve the guard, but sent his son in his stead. If thou dost not * "St. Pierre le Moastiem" —a town in the Nivernois, seven kiagee from lMtoule.. well perform all I have now told thee, or should we fail in our exploit, I will slay thee with this dagger." The poor man, seeing himself menaced with death, for the Gascons are ready eiough at this business, promised to do everything according to the orders given to the utmost of his, power. They went to the gate, and after knocking at it for some time, awakened 464 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. C HAPTER CV. CHAPTER CVI. PERROT LE BEARNOIS AND HIS COMPANIONS DETERMINE NOT TO KEEP PERROT LE BEARN!IS AND HIS COMPANIONS, HAVING PLUNDERED MONT POSSESSION OF. MONTFERRANT. THEY MAKE A SALLY ON SOME TROOPS FERRANT, RETREAT TO THEIR FORTS. HIS ANSWER TO THE DAUPHIN FROM CLERMONT, WHO HAD ADVANCED TO THE BARRIERS OF THE CAP- OF AUVERGNE, WHO COMPLAINS OF HIS HAVING SURPRISED THIS TOWN TURED TOWN, AND INSTANTLY DEFEAT THEM. DURING THE TIME TREATIES WERE IN AGITATION FOR HIS LEAVING THE ON the Friday morning these captains, being complete lords of COUNTRY. Montferrant, and having had all the inhabitants tied together, so that WHEN this business was over, they were busily employed until they could not any way oppose them, searched their houses, and near night in packing up their plunder. On the point of six o'clock, packed up whatever they thought would be profitable to them, in having completed it, they were on foot, except about sixty on horsedraperies, cloths, furs, dresses, and other articles. When at break- back, and conducted down the streets more than four hundred horses fast they had a long consultation, whether to keep the town or not: lade with cloths, furs, and whatever they had seized. They had some were for keeping and fortifying it; but the majority were of a found in the houses of the rich, caskets full, but had left them empty. contrary opinion, and said it would be madness to do so, for they Having bound all the inhabitants, two and two, they had the gates would be at too great a distance from their own castles, and be in- opened after nightfall and departed, not having staid at Montferrant closed within it. Should they be besieged, they were not in force to more than eighteen hours. They sent their baggage and prisoners hold out, and too far from any assistance. They would be starved before, with those on foot; and the captains followed close after on into a surrender; for there were numbers of gentlemen in the towns horseback. It was dark night; and, as the country did not suspect and cities about; and the duke of Berry, as soon as he should hear their stay would have been so short, they were not pursued. About what they had done, would order thither the marshal of France, the midnight they came to Donzac, which they had left two days before, lord Lewis de Sancerre. The count d'Armagnac and the dauphin and there unpacked and examined their plunder. I heard, when in would advance to the siege with a great force, without waiting to be that country, that they gained by this expedition upward of one hunsent to; for they had under them the following great barons: the dred thousand francs, besides prisoners; for sir Peter de Giac, chan. lords de la Tour, d'Apton, d'Aptiel, de Renel, de la Palisse, and cellor of France, alone lost more than thirty thousand francs in gold. sev~~~~~ndAterl, doe; but, aboe lal Pairse ohBnnlandewol ome several more; but, above all, sir John Bonne-lance would come The companions had wisely resolved to leave Montferrant as they hither, with a large body of friends; for it had been said the town did: Ihad they staid two days longer, they could not have attempted was lost by his imprudence and neglect. it without great danger of their lives. The whole surrounding cormlSuch were the arguments urged against keeping the town, partic- try were collecting, and advancing in great bodies to -My siege to ularly by Perrot Ie B6arnois and Ohm Barbe. Many other reasons them, under the command of the lords de la Tour, de Montague, were added; for, should they be taken, they would lose all they had, d'Aptheir, d'Apthon, sir Guiscard Dauphin, the marquis of Gaiulhat, be punished for what they had done, and their forts would be taken sir Lewis d'Ambiere, the lord de la Palisse, sir Ploustrac de Chaste. from them. They therefore resolved to march away that evening, lux, and the s6neschal de Montaigne. None remained at home, and and carry away their booty and prisoners, of whom they had more the count dauphin was very active in the matter. He would have than two hundred. To prevent any hindrance to this plan, they been there within two days, had he not heard that the Gascons had posted strong guards at all the gates, so that no one could leave the retreated to their forts: at the same time, he received an account of town. all the mischief which they had committed. When he was assured I will now relate a skirmish that passed between them and some this intelligence was true, he travelled more slowly to Saint Pour. from Clermont. When news first came to Clermont that Montfer- Gain, and thence to Moulins in the Bourbonnois, where he met his rant was taken by the English, they were much alarmed at having daughter, the duchess of Bourbon, who had been very much alarmed, such neighbors, and held many consultations on the subject. There but was rejoiced on hearing the enemy had retreated, thougi those was, on the road from Clermont to Motferrant, the handsoest, of Montferrant had suffered severely by their visit, as her country strongest, and best built church, belonging to the mendicant friars, in was now freed from such near and troublesome neighbors. "On my France. It had large inclosures, surrounded by high walls, within faith," said the count-dauphin, "though it were to cost me a very which were very productive vineyards; for, one year with another, large sum of money, I wish these pillagers had remained at Mont. these friars made from one hundred to six score hogsheads of wine. ferrant, for it should have ended badly with them. We in Auvergne In these consultations, some advised the destiuction of this monas- could never have had so fair an opportunity of punishing them, and tery; as they said it was so near tle town, that it was not unlikely gaining their forts. They prove their abilities in war by having so to be its ruin, if in the hands of these pillagers. The pulling it down expeditiously finished the matter. They have now redutered their had been in agitation formerly, and they were now eager to effect it. forts, and their plunder is in safety." Thus did the countrdauphier had been in agitation formerly, and they were now eager to effc t But others said, it would be a pity to destroy such handsome build- of Auvergne and his daughter, the duchess of Bourbon, converse ings; and that it would be better to march to Montferrant, and together. skirmish with the conquerors, at the barriers, and, if possible, invest Perrot le B6arnois, Olim Barbe, le bourg d Copane, le bourg An. the place, to prevent the enemy leaving it; for, within four days, the glois, Apthon Seighin, and the other captains of the free companies, gliAthen arrivahiDnza, mandte ate divisions of thei pillae cmandpiesknights and squires of the Bourbonnois and Forkts would be collected on their arrival at Donzac, made a division of their pillage and pis t, they rans~~~~~~~~~~omed otheirs wrcarrival with Donhemad diisono theirpilganprs and lay siege to it. While these conversations were going forward oners; some they ransomed, others were carried with them to their in the city of Clermont, about sixty men-at-arms, well mounted, were different forts, when they separated at Donzac for Carlat, Chaluget, ready to march toward Montferrant, and skirmish at the barriers, and and their other garrisons. The country of Auvergne was now better then return home again. No one checked their ardor: for there guarded than ever. The count d'Armagnac and the countdauphin were among them some of the noblest in the town, who seemed eager sent, however, to toll Perrot le Bdarnois, that he had treacherously to perform deeds of valor. Being all equipped, they set off for Mont- and wickedly surprised and plundered Montferrant, during the time ferrant, taking with them thirty cross.bows. Upward of two hundred when treaties were negotiating between them, and that, as ho had volunteers left Clermont and followed them on foot. assented to such treaties, they expected he would make reparation It was told to the companions in Montferrant, that a party from for the mischief that had been done. Perrot replied to this message Clermont, wore at the barriers. This news pleased them much: by saying, that "under their graces' favor, neither he nor any of the upward of one hundred of the most expert having armed themselves, seven captains, who had plundered Montferrant, had ever entered and mounted their horses, ordered the gates to be thrown open, and into any treaty with them: that they had not taken the town trench. fell upon those from Clermont, shouting, "1Saint George i") When erously nor by scalado, but had fairly entered by the gate, which had the party saw themselves thus vigorously attacked, they were panic- been opened to them on their arrival: that if they had assented to a struck and instantly defeated, without making the smallest defence, treaty, legally sworn and sealed, they would, on their part, religiously but flying in all directions. The best mounted, on leaving Clermont, and loyally have adhered to it; but that was not the fact, nor had took the lead, and said on the road they would be the first to attack they any intentions of ever entering into any treaty with him." these pilagers; but shortly they were the first to return to their town, Things remained in this state, nor could these lords gain anything and the Gascons at their heels. Had the last had as good horses, all more. Sir Peter de Giae was much vexed at his loss, and the towns or the greater part would have remained with them: they, however, men of Montferrant recovered themselves as well as they could from chased them until they met the volunteers on foot, who, when they such an unfortunate adventure. perceived the defeat of their townsmen, kept no longer any order, but ran away for the fastest, leaping from hedge to hedge, and from C H A P T ER C V I I. ditch to ditch, to save themselves. The cross-bows from Clermont kept in better array when the others fled, and drew themselves up in TE LORD L EWIS OF BLOIS MARRIES TrHE LATDY MARY OF BERRY, AND a vineyard with presented bows, making a show of defence. They THE LORD JOIfN OF BERRY THE PRINCESS MARY OP FRANCE, WHO DIES there remained until the English had returned to Montferrant, for SHORTLY AFTER. THE DEATH OF THE LADY JZANE OF ARMAGNAC, they never thought of going after them. The Clermontois lost twenty DUCHESS OF BERRV. of their men, six killed and fourteen made piisoners. COUNT Guy de Blois, in company with his countess and a hand. some attendance of knights, squires, and ladies, set out in the mont.h of August, in the year of our lord 1386,* in grand array, from his * Denis Sauvage, in a marginal note, says, that Froissart having omitted io notico these marriages at their proper time, prefers mentioning them here rather',ton omit them entirely. CHRONIC'LES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 465 castle of' Blois, for Berry. They carried with themn their young son, of the duke of (Gueldres. In addition, the duke of Burgundy and the who, the preceding year, had been betrotheci to th.e lady Mary, other nobles were aware of the consequences the conduct of the daughter of the diike of Berry; and it was the intention of all par- Duke of Brittany might lead to; for hlie showed his preference of ties, that on their arrivall at Bourges the marriage should he consuin- war to peace with France; and the lords of the council knew he mated. When the coatracts had been signed, the mnarriage cerenmony was laying provision of stores and artillery in all his strong towns was performei in the cathedral church of St. Stephen, at Bourges, and castles for their defence, in case of being besieged. Besides by a valiant prelate, thle cardinal of' Avignon. The chancellor of this, he was constantly sendiom g over letters and messengers to Berry and the bishop of Poitiers had betrothed them to each other England, to the king an. his council, in the most affectionate termts, tile yea.r before. There were many grand feasts and entertuinments offering henceforth the stru'gest firiendship, so that the English m1ight at this wedding of lord Lewis of Blots with the lady Mary of Berry, continue the war with thle llost flattering lhopes of success. und the tilts and tournaments of the knights and squires lasted for The council were unwiling to decide on any bold measures, until eight days. The count and countess of Blois, when all was over, this cloud, which hung over Brittany, was removed by some means took leave of the duke of Berry and returned to Blois, accompanied or other, so that the kingdoinm might not have any fear firom that by their daughter.in-law. quarter; for, should the king march into Germany, the country This samne year, John of Berry, son of the duke of Berry, and would be left defenceless, and they knew not well how to bring styled counlt do Montpensier, was married to lady Mary of France, about an acconimmodation. Those who had been sent into Brittany, sister to Iking Charles. The. duchess of Berry, with her son alnd the the bishop of Langres, sir John de Vienne, amid sir John de Bueil, lady Mary of France, paid a visit to the count and countess of Blois were returned, and had told thle king and his uncles of their ill sue. during the Lent of the ensuing year. They and their attendants cess. Upon this the duke of Berry resolved to send thitlher his,vere grandly received in the castle of Blois, as the counIt understood cousin, the count d'Estampes, who was a valiant man and able nego. nese matters well. I was present at the time of this visit. When tiator. He therefore addressed him in such words ats these "FPair the duchess and her children had staid three dlays, they departed for cousin, I entreat you would go to Brittany: it is absolutely necessary Poitiers; but they went by water down the Loire as far as Amboise, you should do so, to negotiate with our cousin, the duke of Brittalny and from thence travelled in cars and on horseback to Poitou. The and should you find.himn hot and imperious in speech, do not imind duchess and her children resided for the most part in the fair castle it, nor put yourself in any passion. Treat him gently, a.:d with the of a handsome town called Chinon.* greatest attentioni, and endeavor to mlake him listen to reason: tell In this year died the lady Mary of France, the young bride of the him that the king, myself, and brother of Burgundy, wish hisi every. count de Montpensier. Soon after died also, the lady Jane d'Ar- thing good, and beal him the strongest affection; and that, if he magnac, duchess of Berry. Thus the duke and his son were left would come and live with us, he would find us always ready to serve widowers: they, however, married again, but not immediately. I hini. In respect to the castles which he holds from tile constable, shall speak of these second marriaiges, more especially of that of the say, jokingly, that, to be sure, he had seized tlhem unjustly, and that, duke, at a proper time, as our history claims that mention be made if he would be pleased to render them back it would redound greatly of it. to his honor, and the kisig would give him as rich and as strong onen in any part of the kingdomrn he may choose. Exert yourself, dear cousin, to bring us back good news; and do not quit him, however, CHAPTER CVIIITJ. you may be delaiyed, without bringing matters to some sort of a con elusion, taking care to remember all the duke's answers, and to exWtHLE THE COUNCIL OF FRANCE IS IN DELIBERATION VHETHER OR NOT amine well tre state of the duchy." The count d'Estampes assured; TO MARCH AN ARMY AGADNST TH E DCKS OF GUELRES, TTHE DUJE OF the duke hie would cheerfully undertake it; and he made no long. BERRY SENDS THE COUNT D'ESTAMPES TO TIlE DUKE OF BRITTANY, TO delay, from thle time of his conversation, in his preparations for the. ENDEAVOR TO WIN HIM OVER TO TIE FARTY OF FRANCE, AFTER HAVING journey. When ready, he set out for Brittany, taking his road ALIENATED) HIMSELF FRlaOM IT BY TruE ARREST oF THE CONSTrABLE. jory. WeredhstoufrBitay kighsod ALENTED HIMSELF FROM IT BY TE ARREST OF THE CONSTBLE through Chartres and Mans, and the rich country of Maine to An. I HAVY before mentioned tle challenge which had been sE t by gers, where he met the queen of Naples, widow of the duke of Anjou, the duke of Gueldres to the king of France. It was much talkied of who had styled himself king of Naples, Sicily and Jerusalem,'dke everywhere, from the uncourteous and indeed rude language it was of La Puglia, and count de Provence. Her two sots, the lords Lewk is~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~o a Pgia, to countaiPovnc. rtw o s ondCals, weewthhe lr. s L w s said to contain. I was in truth shown some rough drafts, which were and Charles, were with her. said to be exact copies of this challenge; hut as I never saw tlse The queen received her cousin, the count d'Estampes, handsome. original, nor any certified copy, I did not give much credit to what ly, and beconing her situation; and they had niany conversations so nearly concerned a little prince, like the duke of Gueldres, and a together, such as lords and ladies are accustomed to have. Johr king of France. It was evident tlaa this conduct had greatly angered of Brittany was likewise there, who was not in the good graces of, th~~~~~~~~~~~twsevidnt otFance hoseee detrmneduct hade grepaatlyn angrd the king of France, who seemed deternined to have reparation, and the dke of Brittany, whithelr tile count was going: but he carried i expected excuses to be made for it by the duke of Gueldres. The offas well as he could; for, rot having aty forces to support his pre king's council had resolved it should not remain quiet: for the great tensions, he was obliged so to do. The count reiained at Angers: barons hiad declared, that if the king did not show his resentment, a day and night, and thei took Iis lemve, and departed for Cmuto whatever sums it nmight cost Fraice, they would be aloie to blate: ceaux,* where he arrived that (lay, and then continued his journey for the king had proved, when in Flanders, his wilisgness to pursue ito Nantes, where he refreshed himself, and inquired after the duke his enemies. Tse king was yousg, iideed, hut of good courage; of Brittany. He was told that he was at Vannes, or in that pait of' and if hlie suffered such insults with patience, foreign countries would the country, which was his usual place of resideice. He took the, road foruVntry, whereh was his usuial heaited ofrsdnce He tooke who hold the nobility of France very cheap, as they were thle king's ad- rad for Vanes, wre, on his ival, he waited on te duke, who visers, and had sworn to guard his honor. The lord de Coucy took received him very kiidly, for they were nearly consected by blood. great pains in tle council, that no blame might fall on him; and The count d'Estampes, kiowing well how to conduct himself with showed clearly he personally felt the insult. He was better acquainted great princes and dames, for be had been brought up and educated with the csharacter of the Gernants than maiy others, from Isis dis with them, acquitted himself with much prudence when in the prespules with the duke of Austria, and from different transactions in enceofthe duke, and, dissembling wit hiim, did not, for some days, which ie had been etngaged with them. discover the object of his coming. When he found a proper opporThe king's ministers saw that the greater part of the nobles of the uy, he began upon i with great caution ad humility, to gain the realm were for war against Gueldres, and, in particular the duke of duke's affection, in manner somethinglike the following: "1My lord Burgundy, on account of the warfare the duke was carrying on against and very dear cousin, you must not he surprised if I am come to see his aunt, the duchess, and the country of Brabant. This duchy re- you from such a great distance, for I was very desirous of so doing." you fr'om such a great distance, for I was very desirous of so doing."' verted to him after the decease of his aunt and her sister,t who were e tyen continued to inform bi, word for word, what tase duke oft both old ladies. The duke of Burgundy would very gladly have tBerry had charged him to say. The duke of Brittany did not seem seen the duke of Gueldres, who was chivalrous enough, checked by to pay any great atteion to what he said, but, when he had done,, fair or foul means. It was necessary, however, the kingdom should replied to the count d'Estampcs, i We have in truth heard before be unanimous in this disposition; for it was a great distance the wht you now tell us, and will consider of it, for we have not as yet king of France would have to march into Germany, to make con- done so. You will remain with us as hong at you please, for your. qu~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~dn so. mo ilremai wihusas givng us youc pleasue." o y u quests and put lords under his obedience; and he must carry with combag has given us much pleasure." him the whole force of the kingdom; for, as the Germans were so e count could not, for the preset, obtain any other answer avaricious, it was uncertain if they would not all unite in the support but he continued with the duke, and was lodged within his castle. ________________________________________________ He staid about fifteen days with the duke of Brittany in Vannes and:) *" Cin" an anient town of France. election of Tours. tt is rearkb for thera bouts whotreated him with much affection. He showed hit death of Henry tI. of Erglnad, rnd time resideace of Charles VIt. of France. Rabelais his fair castle of Ermine, which he had had newly repaired and was born very near to it. beautified, as he there enjoyed himself the most. T'he count, one t im the iith aitotatiomi of Deals Ssmuva:e, he Hkes time fottowing e~bsenmrltmons: day finding him in good humor, again remonstrated withb him on his N Si~tMs'" ~I shosiad suppose tias sister to be Jane, wntsw tftim tale William romint late conduct, and repeated the cause of his coming; but, though the of tlaimtmsult, according to the rith minm 117th chapters of the firsi volume, iftmhe 2o7th of the same volume, and the 209th of the secolnd, did not incline mine 0o t,tlies', that this duie's an-swers were fair, there was no dependence to be placed on widow was the Jane of Brabant mtnrriedl againm to Winceslus, tast data,fOras lbnst, his restitution of the hundred thousand francs and the castles to the who acquired, by his mnioan with her, thmat rdmchy. The countess of Flymsers, who wa commstable..He did at length restore them; but it was of his own sister to this duchess, died five years before Imer husbhnadn. coant Lei is,f Flanders. who fi'ee-will, without any request being made, and when it was the les!, deceased ini rie trontih of Janmuary. 1384; so that I suspect the realii:s sihoul be'afier t the decease of hSi aumt who Was low vert old;' tbr I cannot stay sho this sister was. " ] "" Chmntoeaux." —a small town, diocese of Nante. i66 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE,'SPAIN, &c. expected, as I will relate in the course of this history, according to tugal had held such language to induce his father-in-law to take couP. the information I received. The count d'Estampes, finding that a age, the duke was not ignorant that England was in a very troubled longer stay in Brittany would be useless, determined to take his leave state, that the council had many weighty things to attend to, as well of the duke, and return to France, to the duke of Berry, who had sent him thither. The duke of Brittany parted with him very affectionately, and presented him with a handsome white pal- /- _ _ _____ =__ frey, saddled and equipped as if for a king, and _-= a ring with a rich stone, which had cost at least one thousand francs. The count, on leaving Brittany, went to An. I'-Fgets, wheie he waited on the queen of Naples and John of Brittany, who were anxious to hear what had passed. They said, "Fair cousin you must have been well employed, for you have made a long stay in Brittany." He related to them partly what he had done, but the cooclusion was, that he had been unsuccessful. When he had remained with them one day, he departed for Tours, and continued his journey into Berry, and found the duke of Berry at Mehun-surYevre,* where he had lately built a very fine castle, and was daily adding to it. The duke of Berry entertained the count well, and inquired what had passed in Brittany. The count told him, word for word, the conversation between him and the duke, and that it had been impos-. sible to turn'him from his purposes, whatever they might be. The duke of Berry, seeing no. thing better could be done, made light of it, and, shortly after, returned t the kingr and duke of Burgundy, to relate to the the ill success of the Du 0 BRITTAY presenting Count d'Estampes with a handsome white palfrey, saddled and equipped a journey the count d'Estampes had undertaken, if for a king." Designed frem a MS. Illumination of the 15th century. at his request, to Brittany. As they saw they could not do more, affairs remained in this state respecting the affairs of the borders of Scotland, which gave them much uneasiness, as concerning the duke of Brittany, who was no. C H A P T E R C I X. gotiating important treaties with them. He rememrered also, thi,,UHE CASTILLIANS AND FRENCH, AFTER THE DEPARTURE OF THE DUKE OF he had many difficulties to obtain the force he had brought with him LANCASTER FROM CALICIA, RECONQUER, IN A VERY SNORT TIME, ALL to Galicia, and that, knowing his countrymen well, he had never had.HE TOWNS AND CASTLES ICE AAD WON. THE ENGIASH ABUSE CASTILLE, any intention of seeking a reinforcement, for he was aware the WHEN IN THEIR OWN COUNTRY. THE RING OF FRANCE AND HIS COUN- country at present was as heavily pressed as it was able to bear; that CIL INVITE TIE DUI E OF IRELAND, wTo HAD FLED FROAC ENDIAND, TO those who had gone home from Castille would never return thither, PARIS. and he was fearful they would discourage any others from coming to You have before bheard how the English, who had come with the his aid. Although he knew all this, he did not behave well to the dukeof Lancaster to Gahicia, had depart, ahow th e duke and king and barons of Portugal in hiding it from them. After residing duke of Lancaster to Galicia, had deparlted, and how the duke and some time at Oporto, e told the ing, tht mny reasons urged him time at Oporto, he told the king tons urged him duchess had retired to Oporto, where they had resided some time to return to Bayonne and the Bordelois; for that Portgal, though he with king John of Portugal, who had married the due's daughter.bly received there by all, not hi inhe nce. 1 a * was so ag reeably received there by all, was not his own inheritance. ~ ~l'h e duk e of Lancaster was very disconsolat e that his aftars had he due of Lancaster was very disconsolate that his aflires had He added, that as there were so many strong places and castles in ~taken so ruinous a turn, and that his best knights and squires had the archbishopric of ordeaux, on the borders of Foix, Armagnac, the a rchbishop ri of Bordeaux, on the borders of Foix, Armagnac, fallen victims to disease. The whole country of Galicia was now beyond the Garonne and Dordogne, in Quercy, Pengord, Limousin, returned to its allegiance to the king of Castille; for the mosent Auvergne, and other parts, which were still dttauched to the English, the Castilhans, and the French knights under sir Oliver du Gesclin,nd whose grrisons were carrying on a war under his nae it }heard of the duke of Lancaster's departure for Portugal, and that fewsoe a is and te therefore was his duty to go thither, and give them aid and advice, English had remained behind, they sallied forth to conquer Gai li e was beides, when in Portuga, too back again, which was soon done. The inhabitants of cities and remote to hear news from England for the English dread the voynge towns were more attached to the king of Castille than to the duke to Po, for its length and er of meeting Castillian, Galica, to Portug al, for its length and danger of meeting Castitlian, Galician, of Lancaster, provided, however, he was able to keep the field; for o the Castilerians and Galic resem aable a good deal the Lombards and or Seville vessels, which cover that sea, either in going to, or return. the Castilmians and Galicians resemble a good deal the Lombards and ing from Flanders, with merchandise. Italians, who are always on the side of the strongest, and shout out, F these and other reasons, the due of ancaster made his pre. 6... _.SFor these and other reasons, the duke of Lancaster made his pre" The conqu eror for ever. AlThe conqueror for evere L parations for departure; and when the galleys, which the king of All which the duke of Lancaster had been able to win before the Portug l had provided for him, under the cosmand of his principal:beginning of July was regained, and the places garrisoned again by the c French and others under the obedience of the king of Castille. Ty dhe benglistwer thouht t pas the winterquierl the re, were driv The and his duchess took leave of the king, their daughter, and the ba. English, who thought to pass the winter quietly there, were driven ons of Portu ad ebarked and put to s. They costed the t-,ann rods of Portugal, and emribarked and put to sea. They coasted the,out by fair or foul means, for such as made resistance were put to shores, alid, having wind and weather fair, arrived safely at Bayonne'death. Others, seeing affairs go badly, surrendered on having pass. in a fev days. The inhabitants of Bayonne and the adjacent parts ports given th to return thrugh Castile to Gascony by Bayonne ere much rejoiced at their arrival, for they desired greatly their and Bordeaux. The duke of Lancaster was duly informed of all com and aited on tem to pay their respects. ews of the coming, and waited on them to pay their respects. News of the this when at Oporto, and not being able any way to provide a remedy, duke and duchess being at Bayonne with their daughter, was spread it gave him great unquietness of heart. This may be readily be- far and near, and gave mch pleasre toBordeaux and th e Bordelois.'lieved, for the higher the spirit and expectations are, the more bitter Sir John narpedon, s6ne schal of Bordeaux, and the ne schal des:are disappointments when things turn out contrary. He, however, Lndes, with other gentlemen of the country, such as the lord de kept up his courage tolerably well, and said at times that if he had de the ase been unsuccessful this year, through the grace of God he would do Mucident the lords de Duras, de Reoi, do Landuras, de Chau. mont, de l'Esparre, de Copane, and several more of the principal better nother: for the fortunes of this world are so changeable, they barons and knights, paid their compliments to the duke. He received cannot remain always the same. The king of Portugal comforted themindly as they came, for they arrived separately. All offered lilsis as as was power kindly as they came, for th ey arrived separately. All offered as much as it was in his power, saying, Sir, you will keep your him such services and affection as are due to a lord. The duke restate in this country, while you write to your brothers and friends in ided this season at Byonne. He frequently wote to the king of England the melancholy event of your expedition, though they now Egland and to his brothers; but, for whatever he could urge, he be fully informed of all, and press them to send you, eag'ly in March had not any reinforcement of men-at-arms or archers; and, as things next, five or six hundred spears and two thousand archers. I will were then situated, the duke of Lancaster and his concerns were reassemble my forces, for my subjects are well inclined to fight the stegarded. Those who had returned to Castille gave such Castilhians, and we will make an effectual war against them. A tota di Thegd te, won haring the king thus discoursewasmuchpleased "The voyage was so long, a war with France would be far more a nd returned hi hian ing the king of Per. advantageous. France has a rich country and temperate climate, _____________________________________________ ng ofPor-witii fine rivers; but Castile has nothing but rocks and high moun. "Mehun-sur Yvre," a town in Berry, on the Yvre, four leagues from Bougas trains, a sharp air, muddy rivers, bad meat, snd wines so hot and CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 467 harsh there is no *drinking them. The inhabitants are poor and Germany with a large foece, and he could not do otherwise, that the filthy, badly clothed and lodged, and quite different in their manners duke of Brittany would introduce the English into his country, by to us, so that it would be folly to go thither. When you enter a Saint Male, Saint Matthieu, Kemper, Treguier, Guerrande, Vannes, large city or town, you expect to find everything, but you will meet or on some other parts of the coast, for they could not gain a better with nothing but wines, lard, and empty coffers. It is quite the con- entrance into France. They were, therefore, much puzzled, how trary in France; for there we have many a time found, in the cities they could, without compromising the king's honor and that of the and towns, when the fortune of war delivered them into our hands, realm, bring about a reconciliation with the duke. But some of the such wealth and riches as astonished us. It is such a war as this council said, "that it would be very blameable in the king to put off we ought to attend to, and boldly hazard our lives, for it is very pro. his expedition for this duke of Brittany, who was not master of his fitable, and not in a war with Castille or Portugal, where there is own country; and he might be assured that the knights and barons nothing but poverty and loss to be suffered." of Brittany would never side with him against the king of France. Such were the conversations of the English who had returned from Let the king, in God's name, undertake the expedition, and the con. Castille, so that the ministers who ruled the country, perceived that stable, with his Bretons, may stay at home to guard the country." any expedition thither would be very unpopular. The country was This opinion was ably supported in the council; but others opposed not as yet recovered from the late troubles, which the executions of it, saying, " It cannot be done, for the king will never undertake it sir Robert Tresilian and others, and the flight of the duke of Ireland, without the constable, as he knows more of war than any other had thrown it into. The king had also new cobusellors, with whom knight." Some argued, saying, "Let the king then remain, and send he was not, at that time, well reconciled. All these things prevented thither one of his uncles, for instance my lord of Burgundy, with two any attention being paid to what related to the duke of Lancaster, thousand lances and seven thousand lusty varlets; for, as the war who still resided at Bayonne. The situation of Enland, with respect principally affects him, he is bound to go thither, from his connection to its internal divisions, the desperate state of the affairs of the duke with Brabant, which is the seat of war; and he will be joined, when of Lancaster, and all that related to the duke of Ireland and his par- in that country, by seven hundred spears, and from twenty to thirty tisans, were perfectly known to the king of France and his council. thousand of the common people." "What you say is to no purpose," To gain more information on these subjects, the king, by the advice others replied, "for the king is determined to go, as commander-inof his uncles, resolved to invite the duke of Ireland into France, and chief: he says, since he has been challenged, he will not refuse it. to send to him at Utrecht, where he resided, proper passports for his It is proper he should therefore go; and, as he is young, the oftener coming thither, and for remaining as long as it should be the king's he bears arms, the more will he like them." "All this is well," said pleasure, and to return whenever the duke should please. It was some, "obut who will be bold enough to advise the king to march so necessary to send special messengers, and that his passport should be far into Germany, and among such proud and crafty people? The particularly made out, otherwise the duke would not quit Utrecht; for entrance may be easy enough, but not so the return; for, when they he knew he was in the ill graces of the lord de Coucy, (who was a know that the king of France and his nobles are in the heart of their great baron, and of high birth in France,) and not without cause, for, country, they will collect together at some of the passes-they are ac. to say the truth, he had very scandalously treated his duchess, the quainted with, and of which we are ignorant, and completely destroy daughter of the lord de Coucy. This certainly was the principal us. T'hey are the inost avaricious of mankind, and the most cruel to reason that had blasted his character in France and elsewhere; for their prisoners; for, when they take any in war, they throw them he was there as much hated and despised as in England. When this into close dungeons, loaded with fetters, and such.like prison furni. was discussed in the council of France, the lord de Coucy strongly tare: they are cunning enough in these matters, in order to obtain a opposed it; but they gave so many reasons for the advantages that larger ransom for them. They are in the highest spirits when they might be reaped from the duke's coming, as to induce him to yield; make captive a nobleman or man of rank, and carry him with them indeed as the king willed it, he could not say more. into Bohemia, Austria, or Saxony, and confine him in some uninhabThe king, being young, was desirous to see the duke of Ireland, ited castle, where you must seek for him. Such people are worse because he had been told he was a gallant knight, and that the king than Pagans or Saracens, for their extreme covetousness robs them of England's love for him had been unbounded. A knight and clerk, of all ideas of honor. Now, if you conduct the king to such a counwho was one of the king's notaries, were sent to seek him. The duke try, and any melancholy event happen, and who can foresee what of Ireland was very much astonished when he first heard the king of unfortunate accidents may not occur? it will be said that we have France wished to see him, and had many ideas what conuld he the advised him, like traitors, to his ruin, and not for the welfare of him cause of it. Having considered the passport, he found he might or the kingdom. But, should the king persist in this expedition (God safely go to the king of France, and return to Utrecht when he pleased. defend the realm from harm!) whom will he take with himln, and H! therefore left Utrecht, in company with those who had been sent what nobles are to attend him? for he must be properly accompanied, for him, and continued his journey until he arrived at Paris, for the and the country, being left empty of defenders, is in risk of total dexmng then resided at the castle of the Louvre. The duke was well struction. Who will now advise the king to undertake this matter -oeeived by the king and his uncles; and the king was desirous he in person?" "What can be done then?" said others, in reply. would fix his residence in France, and had a hotel appointed for "Why," answered those who had more maturely considered the mat. mnim to live and keep his state. He had wherewithal to do so hand- ter, and weighed all the difficulties attending it, "let the king think somely, for he had brought immense sums of money with him firom no more of it, nor send any considerable force thither. The duke England, and the counsable of France was still much indebted to him of Gueldres is young and hot-headed, and puffed up with having for the ransom of John of Brittany, as the whole had not been paid, challenged a king of France. It has not proceeded from any so'e.d The duke of Ireland made frequent visits to the king, who enter. understanding., but firom the self-sufficiency of a young man, who tained him well; and he was invited to all the feasts, tilts and tour-. wants to fly before he has wings. Since he has sent his defiance, naments. let him follow it up: the kingdom of France is large, and the moment he shall enter it, whatever part it may be, the king will be CHAPTER CX. informed of it, and have just cause for calling on his subjects for sup9 S port, and for marching to repel the invader, should he have remained THE COUNCrlf OF FRANCE DISAGREE, AS TO THE KING'S GOING INTO GER- in France, or for pursuing him into Germany. The king will, by MALNY, ON ACCOUNT OF THE STATE OF THE REALM. THE DUKE OF BRIT- such conduct, acquire honor for himself and his kingdom, at a much TANY5 STRENGTHENS HIS GARRISONS, ANeD FOR.ITS ALLIANCES WITHI TEANY STRENGTHENS HisN GARRISONS, HND FORES ALLIANCES WITH L cheaper rate than by marching into Gueidres. We have been inENGLAND AND THE ING O NvARRE. TE NGLII RfISE A LARGE orned, by those well acquainted with the country, that there are four ARMY. large rivers to cross before you arrive at the duke's territories, and YowT have before heard how the count d'Estampes was sent by the that the smallest is as wide as the Loire at Nemours or La Charit6, duke of Berry into Brittany, in the hopes of conciliating the duke of and the country was covered with heath and offered no place fit for Brittany, and had returned unsuccessful, to the great vexation of the encampment. Now, those who please may advise the king to mun. duke of Berry, but more particularly to the king's council; for they dertake his expedition through such a country." knew the eagerness of the king to march to Germany, to revenge Thus, as I have said, was the council dividea respecting this ex. himself for the rude and outrageous challenge the duke of Gueldres pedition to Gueldres, which the king was very anxious to accomFlish. had sent him. The wisest of the council, foreseeing what might Indeed, more progress would have been made toward it, if they had happen, thought it would be too dangerous for the king, at this mo- not been afraid of the mischief that might come from Brittany; and ment, to leave the realm. They now clearly saw the duke of Brit- this delayed it much. There was cause for their fears; for the duke, tany would not listen to terms of accommodation, and felt his con. who had received information of the challenge of the duke of Guelduct, in arresting, confining, and ransoming the constable for one dres, and of the king's eagerness to march against him, was only hundred thousand francs, three castles and a town, highly offensive waiting until the king had quitted the kingdom, to introduce the to the honor of France. They heard also, that the duke had entered English, with whom he had formed an alliance, into his duchy. The into a strong alliance with the king of England, and was laying up duke had by his subtle arts gained over the principal towns to his instores of all kinds in his different towns and castles. He was seek- terest, such as Nantes, Vannes, Rennes, Treguier, Guerrande, Lam. log friends on all sides, so that his barons and knights knew not how balle, St. Male, and St. Matthieu de Fine-Pbterne, but had failed in to act, (or at least the greater part,) whether to go to France, or re- his attempts to gain the nobles. He hoped, indeed, they would main with the duke and abide the event; but they would never have accompany the constable into Germany and give him freer scope for taken arms against France, for the knights and squires of Brittany his war. He filled his towns and castles with all sorts of stores, ar. are too loyal Frenchmen to be induced to be guilty of such conduct. tillery and provisions, plainly showing he preferred war to peace. The council were fearful, and with reason, should the king march to He had likewise formed a strict alliance with his brother-in.law, the 468 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. young king of Navarre, and had promised him, that if he succeeded and was in hopes the armament at sea, under the earl of Arundel, in his attempt to bring over a body of English men-at-arms and arch- should the winds prove favorable, would come to raise this siege. ers, he would lead them instantly to Normandy, amid recover for him He knew the town of Grave was strong, and that it was amply sup. all those towns and places the late king of France had won from his plied with stores and provisions, and could not be won by storm. father by himself, or the lord de Coucy and others. The king of As it could only be gained by capitulation, he felt assured on that Navarre indu.ged in these hopes, and paid every respectful compli- head, as he depended on the fidelity of the inhabitants, that they ment to the duke of Lancaster at Bayonne, with whom he entered would never desert him. This siege, therefore, lasted a very con. into an alliance. siderable time. The earl of Arundel's fleet was still at sea, and On the 7th day of April, in the year of grace 1388, it was deter- though no landing had been attempted, it hovered along the coasts mined in the council of the Idng of England, by the dukes of York of Brittany and Normandy, so that the Normans from St. Michael's and Gloucester, that Richard earl of Arundel should be appointed Mount along the shore to Dieppe, Saint Val6ry, and even Crotoy in commander in chief of a naval expedition. He was to have under Ponthieu, were much alarmed, and uncertain at what place they him one thousand men-at-arms and three thousand archers, who were would disembark. All these seaport towns were well provided with to assemble at Southampton, the 15th of May, when the fleet would men.at-arms, by orders from the king of France, to oppose any inbe ready prepared to receive them, and it was fixed that those who vasion. were to accompany him were immediately to begin their march to The marshal de Blainville, who commanded on the coast, sent the Southampton. The king of England kept a grand feast on St. lord-de Coucy and the lord de Hambre, two great Norman barons, George's day, this year, at Windsor, which was attended by a num- to the town of Carentan, which is situated on the sea-shore, and ber of the lords, who were to accompany the earl of Arundel, and formerly belonged to Charles king of Navarre. The constable of who there took leave of the king, the queen, his uncles and ladies. France took possession of the towns of Saint Male and Saint MatThe whole of this armament were at Southampton or in those parts, thieu de Fine-Pbterne; and, as soon as he learnt the English were on the appointed day, and embarked on board the fleet the twentiethI at sea, he placed sufficient garrisons in both, in the name of the king day of May, when the weather was fine and clear. With the earl of of France. It was thought in France that war would be declared Arundel were, the earls of Nottingham and Devonshire, the lord against the duke of Brittany. The knights and squires said, that Thomas Percy, the lord Clifford, sir John de Warwick, sir William this appearance of the English fleet was another instance of the Leslie, the lord Camois, sir Stephen de Liberie, sir William Helmon, duke's perfidy; for, by their continued hovering along his coasts, it sir Thomas Moreaux, sir John d'Ambreticourt, sir Robert Scot, sir was clear that he had invited them thither. They never quitted their Peter de Montberry, sir Lewis Clanborough, sir Thomas Cook, sir stations, unless forced by stress of weather, and, when favorable, William Paulet, and several more: in the whole, there were one returned to them again. thousand good men-at-arms and about three thousand archers. They embarked no horses with them; for they hoped, if successful, to find CHAPTER CXII. horses in plenty in Brittany. The day they weighed anchor the sea was so cairnlm and serene, that it was beautifiul to behold. They made THE DUKE OF LANCASTER HAS THOUGHTS OF MARRYING aIS DAUGHTER TO for the shores of Brittany or Normandy, with a determination to land THE DUKE DE LA TOURAINE, BROTHER TO THE RING OF FRANCE. THE nowhere else, unless other intelligence should be sent them. They DUKE OF BERRY FROFOSES HIMSELF FOR HER HUSBAND. THE DUKE OF had in their fleet some light vessels (called Balniers Coursiers) which LANCASTER IS MUCH SATISFIED THEP-AT. drew but little water, and these were sent in advance, to seek adven- I HAVEr before said that the duke of Lancaster had quitted Castille tures; in the same manner as knights and squires, mounted on the and Portugal. His thoughts on the unfortunate event of his expedifleetest horses, are ordered to scour in front of an army, to see if tion, were not very agreeable; for he saw his hopes annihilated, and there are any ambuscades. We will, however, leave this army, and that fortune, as very often happens in worldly affirs, had suddenly speak of the affairs of Gueldres, Brabant, and of the siege of Grave. turned against him, at a time when it was the least expected: for he had left England well accompanied with men-at-arms, and with every expectation of finishing his campaign in a different manner. C H A P T E R C X I. It was told him, that his adversary had regained within fifteen days after he left the country, all his conquests, which had occupied him THE BRABANTERS LAY SIEGE TO THE TOWN OF GRATE. THE CONSTABLE six weeks. His army had been wasted away by sickness, and he OF FRANCE GAINS THE TOWNS OF SAINT MALO AND SAINT MATTIIIEu despaired of any assistance from home; for the English were tired BE FINE-FOTERNE, AND GARRISONS THEM WITH HIS MEN. of this war, as it was at such a distance, and the accounts they had I HAVE before given an account of the ancient dukes of Gueldres, heard of the country disgusted them: besides, the duke knew that and how the eldest son of the first duke married Bertaldo of Mech- England was much troubled within itself. He foresaw little hope lin's daughter, in order to redeem his inheritance, and had mortgaged of amendment in his affairs; anld though he said not much )n this three of his castles to the count de Mours, who, unable to regain the subject, he thought a great deal. At times, he compared himself money he had lent, had sold them to Winceslaus, duke of Brabant, and his expedition to tile duke of Anjo.u and his march to Naples; for the same sum, and all the subsequent events to the time of duke for, when he set out from France, he was so magnificently equipped, William of Gueldres, son of the duke of Juliers. The duke of Guel- nothing was ever seen like to it, and attended by multitudes of dres, finding he could no way succeed in recovering his before-men- knights, squires, and men-at-arms; but the end had been, that all tioned three castles on the Meuse, which had been part of his were either killed or ruined. patrimonial inheritance, resolved to secure himself the possession of It was not surprising that the duke, considering his hopes were Grave from the Brabanters. He had married his bastard-daulghter to totally destroyed, should be sometimes melancholy; for the count the young lord of Bruk, who claimed the town of Grave as lord p-ar- de Foix, who was one of the wisest princes, in conversation with amount. There was an amicable treaty made between them, such his knights, had declared the duke of Lancaster's expectations, in as should be made when fathers and children are concerned: and the regard to the crown of Castille, were cempletely at an end. The young lord of Bruk yielded to the duke all his claims on Grave, and duke was, however, of a high spirit, and sought consolation in the the territories thereto belonging, in the presence of the knights of prospect of the elevation of his children. He had withl him a hand. Gueldres and Juliers. The duke of Gueldres gave him, in return, some daughter, by the lady Constance, daughter of don Pedro, in the town and territory of Breda, situated on the river Merck, in the whose right he made war on Castille: ihe, therefore, musing on this duchy of Gueldres, bordering on Holland, below Brabant. It had a subject, said, "If fortune is now unfavorable to nme, it may be otherhandsome castle: the town was extensive and of much trade, but wise to my daughter, who is young and handsome, and by hier grand. Grave was more valuable. The duke had made this exchange to father and mtother the true heiress of Castile. Some gallant prince strengthen himself against the claim of the Brabanters; but the of France may seek her in marriage, either for the above right or duchess and her subjects said, that the lord of Bruk was only mort- her high birth; for she may boast that she springs front the best gagee in possession, and that she or her heirs might redeem it when- blood in christendom." He would gladly have had some overtures ever they pleased. The duke of Gueldres denied this, and hence made him from France on this subject; for he knew the king had a arose their mutual hatreds and wars. younger brother, in the duke of Touraine: " and," added thle duke, The Brabanters this year, in the month of May, came with a pow- "we might, through thlis means, recover our inheritance of Castille; erful force of barons, knights, and squires, to lay siege to the town for it has been solely through the aid of France that our adversary of Grave. They brought with them springalls, and various other has kept his crown: should that power turn against him, which machines of attack, and they amounted altogether to forty thousand would be thle case if a marriage took place with the duke of Tou.men. There were almost daily skirmishes at the barriers. The raine, he must speedily surrender his throne to my daughter." Such town of Grave is situated on' the Brabant side of the Meuse, over were the expectations the duke of Lalncaster flattered himself with, which there is a bridge that connects it with Gueldres. This siege and his imaginations were in a way to be realized; not, indeed, by was a bold enterprise: but great plenty was in the army of Brabant, tthe king of France's brother, but by one who was well qualified to and everything was to be had there for mone~r, and as cheap as at change the face of affairs in Castille, and who had tile complete gov. Brussels. In these continual skirmishes at the barriers, where the ernment of France, for without his consent nothing was done: I cross-bows sometimes ventured, the success was variable, as must mean the duke of Berry. always happen when the parties are nearly equal. You have before heard how he and his son were made widowuts The duke of Gueldres was regularly informed of everything that nearly at the same time. What I am about to relate, I know from passed at the siege, for he had fixed his residence only four leagues my own knowledge; for I, the author of this book, was at the time off at Nimeguen. He wrote frequently to England for assistance, in the country of Blois, on the borders of Poitou and Berr), with CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c ny very dear and honored lord, the count Guy de Blois, by whose indicated his wish to have been for war. The wisest of the counta', desire and encouragement this history was undertaken. The duke said: "You talk of going to Germany: you should rather go to Brit cf Berry had, among his other thoughts and plans, a desire to marry tany, and destroy that insolent duke, who holds in contempt the again. He frequently said to those near his person, that a lord was crown of France and refuses to obey its orders. You will not obtain nothing without a lady, nor a man without a wife. Those in whom anything from him by treaty and his presumption is so great, he he had the greatest confidence replied, "Very well, my lord, marry must be taught his duty: he neither loves nor esteems any one but then your son John: your house will be more pleasant, and better himself. It is clear, that if the king go to Germany, and leave the managed." "Ah," said the duke, "he is too young." "That is realm unprotected by men-at-arms, (and unless he be handsomely nothing, my lord: do not you see the count de Blois has married his attended, he need not think of it,) this duke will introduce the Eng. ton, who is of the same age, with your daughter Mary?" "That is lish into his country, and give them an entrance to France. The aptrue," answered the duke: "well, name then a lady for him." "We pearances are now very strong that he will do so; for there is a large name the daughter of the duke of Lancaster." The duke mused a English fleet on his coasts, which never leaves them but when forced while, and was some time before he made any reply, when, address. to it by stress of weather, and when fair it returns; so that I see no ing himself to them, he said, "You propose marrying my son John alternative; you must have open war or peace." "It wquld be with my cousin, the daughter of the duke of Lancaster: by St. Denis, well," replied others, "that we again send to him the bishop of you have made me imagine that she will be an excellent match for Langres and the count de St. Po], for this last is, by marriage, his myself, and I will shortly write to the duke on the subject. He re- brother-in-law."* "Oh, no, no," interrupted sir Yves d'Orient: sides, as I hear, at Bayonne; and I will signify to him that some of "if you will send to him again, you cannot send one more agreeable my council shall very speedily wait on him to treat of this marriage t~ him, nor of greater weight, than the lord de Coucy: for they are with me, I say: not for nmy son John, whom I will marry elsewhere." connected by marriage, and have always had a great affection for Those to whom he had spoken, on hearing the above, burst out into each other; and to the lord de Coucy add whomsoever you please.'" laughter. "What do you laugh at?" said the duke. "We laugh, "Since you have made this proposal, sir Yves," said the duke of my lord, because it seems that you prefer to have a good thing your- Burgundy, " name those whom you think should accompany the lord self, rather than give it your son." "By my faith, I am in the right; de Coucy." "Willingly," replied sir Yves: "if yoti please, then, for my fair cousin of Lancaster will not so readily give his daughter sir John de Vienne and the lord de-la Riviere shall go with him. to my son as he will to me." They are three very intelligent lords; and, if any can make him Letters were instantly written and sent to the duke of Lancaster. listen to reason, they will." " We agree to this," said the dukes of The messengers, on their arrival at Bayonne, presented the letters to Berry and Burgundy. the duke, who, having opened them and perused their contents, was Although the three lords were instructed what they were to say, highly delighted, aind made those who had brought them good cheer, and how to act, and to use every amicable means to settle the busi. giving them to understand that their intelligence was very agreeable ness, they did not quit Paris immediately. The duke of Brittany to him. The duke returned such answers by the messengers as heard, before these noblemen left France, of their mission, but those showed the proposal was very satisfactory, and had given him much who had informed him knew not the particulars they were charged joy. The messengers, on their return, found the duke of Berry in with. He was confident, however, it related to matters of great Poitou, but preparing to return to Paris; for the king and the duke importance, by the lord de Coucy's appointment. He frequently of Burgundy had expressly sent for him, to consider of the state of meditated on the subject, and opened his thoughts to some of til Brittany. Having read the answer from the duke of Lancaster, most confidential of his council, for themn to give him advice how te which afforded him much pleasure, he determined to persevere in act. "It was commonly reported," he said, " that the duke of the business, although he could not defer his journey to Paris. He Lancaster was about marrying his daughter in France to the duke resolved, however, to proceed in it by the shortest mode, and sent of Berry, and that matters had gone so far that sir Helion de Lignac letters to one of his knights, called sir Helion de Lignac, who at that was on his road to Bayonne to conclude the business wffh:he duke time was s6neschal of La Rochelle, ordering him to place the town who was well inclinedto it. Such a report surprised him exceed. under the government of those he could depend upon, and then, ingly; for the duke of Lancaster, who was his brother-in-law, had without fail, to hasten to him at Paris. Sir Helion, on receiving the never written to him on the subject, and all he knew was from public duke's orders, sealed with his seal, and noticing the haste in which rumor. This silence had not been usual to him formerly, for wlhen he was summoned to follow him, lost no time in putting La Rochelle ever any of his affairs had a connection with France, he regularlf and its dependencies under the command of two valiant knights of had informed him of them." His council replied: "Sir, you mus Beauce, called sir Peter de Jouy and the lord Peter Taillepid. When alter your plans, whatever they may be, or you may be too great a this was done, he took the shortest road he could to join the duke, who loserj and bring destruction on your country. This you should he knew, from the tenor of his letter, would be impatient to see him. dreat; for what occasion have you to go to war since you are now at We will now return to the duke of Lancaster at Bayonne, and peace, and they are begging you to remain so? Your lady is far say what were his thoughts on the proposal from the duke of Berry. gone with child, and you should pay attention that in her situation HIe was not willing it should be kept secret: on the contrary, he she be not alarmed. The king of Navarre can give you but little published it everywhere, that his enemies might be alarmed, and the support, for he has enough to do himself. The duke of Lancaster is matter known in the court of his adversary of Castille. The duke, a valiant and wise pr'ice; but he marries, as they say, his daughter in consequence, wrote several letters, detailing the whole business, to the duke of Berry. This will be the foundation for a long peace with copies of the duke of Berry's proposals, and his answers of con- between France and England, and various treaties will be formed i sent, to the count de Foix; because he knew there was a continual consequence. You will see shortly the king of Catntille driven frog intercourse of knights and squires from all countries at Orthbs, going his throne; for, as the French seated him on it, they can as easil) or returning to Castille, or on pilgrimage to or firom Saint Jago. He dethrone him: indeed, more easily, for they will have the aid of tht did the same thing to the king of Navarre, who had married the duke of Lancaster and the English. We have in truth heard, tha; king of Castille's sister, and by whom he had a numerous family, the lord de Coucy, the admiral of France, and the lord de la Riviere. that the intelligence of this marriage might be more readily believed are coming hither, and you may suppose it must be on affairs of th in Castille than if told by common report. He wrote also on the greatest consequence to the king and kingdom, or on the matter ~ same subject to the king of Portugal, but was silent respecting it in the constable of France, whose cause the king has warmly espousedL his letters to the king and his brothers in England, for he knew the They are probably ordered to know positively what are your inten. English would not be pleased at it: indeed, they gave proofs of their tions, and if you persist in your former opinions. Should this last be dislike to this marriage, as soon as they heard of it, as I shall relate the case, we suppose (for one may judge tolerably well from appear. when I come to that part of my history; but I must now return to ances) that the immense force, now rumored to be destined against the duke of Brittany, as that matter presses. Gueldres, will be turned against you. Now consider from whom you may expect assistance, should war be declared by France, as it most certainly will be, unless you consent to a reconciliation, should CHAPTER CXIII. the duke of Lancaster marry his daughter to the duke of Be-ry; and this he will do, for where can he ally himself better in regard to THE LORD DE COUCY AND OTHER BARONS OF FRANCE ARE SENT TO the recovery of his inheritance? The majority of prelates, barons, THE DUKE OF BRITTANY. BEFORE THEIR ARRIVAL, ItE HAD RE- knights, and principal towns of the duchy, are in opposition to you. STORED TO THE DFFICERS OF THE CONSTABLE THE PLACES HE HAD We therefore say, since you ask our advice, that it is at this moment TAxrEN FRoM HM~. ~~TAK~~~~EN YRE~OM HIM. ~more than ever requisite for you to consider well your situation, and ON the duke of Berry's arrival at Paris, many councils were held to avoid risking the loss ofyourcountry, which has cost you so much by those most in the confidence of the king and his uncles, such as labor and blood to gain. We know how great your hatred is to sir the bishop of Langres and Laon, the lord de Coucy and other privy Oliver de Clisson, and that you have mutually shown your dislikes to counsellors, as well on the affairs of Gueldres, whither the king was each other; but you must soften it some little, at least in appearance, still very desirous of going, as of Brittany; for the duke would not for since the king of France, his uncles and barons have taken ul accept of the advances that had been made him toward a reconcilia- his quarrel, they will support him: he i.s and will continue their con. tion with France. They knew' not whom they could send to make!stable. Had the late king been alive, who loved him so much, and another attempt, sitce the former negotiators had yu ha acted the same, we know it would have cost the king half cil were mcitUI trouLiled on this account, for they had learnt that the his kingdom, but he would have made you suffer for th.he injury done duke of Brittany hs d been busily employed during the winter in victealhing again and reinforcing all his towns and castles, which plainly Holand, earl of i'eat. I470 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN. &c. him. The present king, his son, is young, and does not pay that until they came to the city of Rennes in Brittany, where, on ali.g attention o affairs which may be expected from him, if he live, ten for the duke, they learnt he was at Vannes, whither they went. years hence: hlie is coming on the stage, and you are going off. Their coming was already known in the household of the. duke, for Should you, therefore, engage in a new war with France, after all they had sent forward servants to prepare their lodgings. The duke we have said, it will be contrary to our opinions, and to those of had assembled his council and the principal barons of Brittany near every man who has any attachment to you. You must dissemble at his person, to show them the more honor. They were well received present what your real inclinations may be. What is it to you the on their entering Vannes, by the knights and others of the duke's holding these castles from sir Oliver de Clisson, which form part of household, who had gone forth to meet them, and in particular by his inheritance, considering the manner in which you gained them? the lord de Laval, who resided there. and, whether you have peace or war, they will cost you more to They dismounted at iheir lodgings, and, having dressed and re. guardfor three years than ever you will gain from them in twelve. freshed themselves with what they there found, remounted their Give them back, therefore, handsomely; and when the rumor shall horses, and rode to the castle de la Motte, the residence of the duke, be spread abroad, for there is no fire without smoke, that you have who met and received them with much joy, telling them they were so done of your own free-will, you will pacify the anger of many, and welcome, for that he was very happy in seeing them. He took the greatly please the duke of Burgundy, who has never interfered so lord de Coucy by the hand, and showed him much kindness, saying, much in this business as he might, had he so pleased, through the "Fair brother, you are welcome: I rejoice to see you in Brittany: good offices of your cousin the duchess of Burgundy: this we know before you leave me, I will give you fine sport with hunting stags, for fact. She has a numerous family, who are now your nearest re- and in hawking." " Dear brother and lord," replied the lord de lations: recollect, therefore, whence your origin, and who are your Coucy, "I thank you: and I and my companions will cheerfully connections, and do not estrange yourself from those with whom you partake of them." The duke showed them every attention, and ought to be more strongly united: it will be madness if you do, and conducted them, laughing and joking, to his apartments, where they you will be undeserving pity for what consequences may ensue. amused themselves with much cheerfulness, as great lords are ace-s. Have no connection with England: the English have sufficient em- tomed to do who have not seen each other for some time. All four ployment at home. They will make you great protestations of knew how to keep up a brilliant conversation as well, if not better, friendship, in order to take their advantage of it, and nothing more: than any lords I ever saw, not excepting the duke of Brabant, the this you know, for you were in your youth brought up among them." count de Foix, nor the count de Savoy; and, in particular the lord The duke was much struck on hearing such very forcible reason- de Coucy shone above all others, as was acknowledged by all lords ing, and remained some time leaning over a window that opened into and ladies, in whatever country he had visited, whether France, a court, without making any reply. His council were standing be- England, Germany, Lombaudy, or any other places. He had seen hind him; and, after some musing, he turned round and said: "I much of the world, and had travelled to various parts, to which he perceive clearly that you have well and honestly advised me. I was naturally inclined. want nothing but good counsel, and yet how can I pretend to cher- During the time these lords were in conversation, spices were ish love where I only feel hate? How can I ever love sir Oliver de brought in handsome silver comfit boxes, and fine wines in gold and Clisson, who has given me such repeated causes for hatred? and the silver cans. The lords partook of both, and shortly after took leave thing I most repent. of in this world is, the not having put him to and returned to their lodgings. Thus passed the first day, without death when I had him in my castle of Ermine." "In the name of one word being said of the cause of their coming. God, sir," replied those near him, " had you put him to death, you could never have possessed yourself of his estates, for there is an appeal from this duchy to the parliament of Paris. John of Brittany CHA T R CXV. and the son of the viscount de Rohan are his heirs by marriage with his two daughters, and would of right have succeeded to his estates; WHILE HELION DE LIGNAC, EMIBASSADOR FROM THE DUKE OF BERRY TO and you are much blamed for what you have already done respect. THE DUKE OF LANCASTER, IS NEGOTIATING THE MARRIAGE WITH HIS ing the three castles, by their friends in France. The constable has DAUGHTER, TIE KING OF CASTILLE SENDS EMBASSADORS PRIVATELY TO made his complaints to the chamber of parliament at Paris, where BREAK IT OFF, AND TO DEMAND TIE LADY IN MARRIAGE FOR HIS SON. HELIOmN DE LIGNAC IS SENT AWAY, THE DAY OF THEIR ARRIVAL, WITH sentence will be given against you, for you have no one there to ELO DR LsGNAC IS RE SENT AN AY, TIE DAY OF ThEIR ARRIAL, WITHN. make any defence for what he may accuse you of. When you shall SOME TRUCES RESPCTING THE FRONTIES OF AQUITAINE. have lost this cause, sir Oliver de Clisson and his heirs will be enti- WE will now return to sir Helion de Lignac, who had been sent tied to follow up the judgment by force of arms; and, should the by the duke of Berry to the duke of Lancaster. The knight arrived king and country take part in enforcing them, you must have a safely at Bayonne, and, having dismounted at his inn, made himself greater power than we know you have at this moment to make any ready to wait on the duke, who had already been informed of his resistance. It will therefore be more to your advantage, if, while arrival, and, as a mark of honor, had sent two of his knights to visit this matter is pending, you surrender up these castles, and be thanked him at his hotel, and to conduct him to him. Sir Helion, os being for so doing, rather than wait until judgment be given against you, introduced to the duke, saluted him very profoundly, as was proper, with heavy damages. You will also regain the good will of your and he knew well how to acquit himself. The duke received him subjects, which is certainly worth having, and live in peace with most honorably, raised him up in his arms, and took him by the hand those whose affections you should wish to preserve; I mean the to lead him into an apartment, for they had met in the hall. Sir king of France, who is your sovereign and natural lord, and my lord Helion then gave him the letters he had been charged with from the of Burgundy and his children your cousins. You have seen an ex- duke of Berry. The duke, having opened and read them, advanced ample in your own time in the late earl of Filanders, your cousin- toward sir Helion, who declared the business he had been sent on. german, who, though a valiant and wise prince, was, through extra- The duke very courteously replied, and said to Sir Helion, he was ordinary events, at the latter end of his days, nearly driven out of his welcome; that the matter he was come to treat on was of such iminheritance; but, by humbling himself to the king of France and his portance, it was necessary he should deliberate with his council uncles, they assisted him in the recovery of his country." "Well," thereon, and that he could not instantly give him a decided answer. replied the duke, "I see, since I have asked your advice, it will be Sir Helion de Lignac remained at Bayonne with the duke of Lanproper for me to follow what you have said." caster and his knights upward of a month, and was treated most I believe everything went on well afterwards; at least, such were kindly by words and otherwise, and made to understand that the the appearances; for the duke of Brittany, who had hitherto kept duke was not unwilling to accept of the duke of Berry's proposals; possession of the constable's castles, now remanded his men from but this was not the fact, for all these fine speeches and delays were them, and gave up their possession to the officers of sir Oliver de fictions, and solely used to give more publicity to what was going Clisson. This was the first act of moderation on his part: but it did forward, more especially that it should be known in the kingdom of not satisfy the king nor council of France, who insisted on the res- Castille, for there his affections were placed. The duke of Lancas. titution of the money that had been paid as part of the ransom, and ter said to sir Helion, that if his cousin of Berry married his daughter, that the duke should come to Paris, and personally make excuses for he must unite all his force with him to wage war on his adversary his conduct to the king, in the presence of the peers of France, and of Castille, that his daughter's inheritance might be recovered. Sir submit to such punishment as the king and his peers might, after Helion, in reply, said, "My lord, I am not charged to say anythinft great deliberation, adjudge him. The three envoys to Brittany were respecting this matter: you will, before my departure, write down wc. pleased when they heard of the restitution of the constable's what you expect, and I will carry it to the duke of Berry, whose af. castles, and the lord de Coucy said, "Now, gentlemen, we have one fection is, I know, so strong toward you, that he will enter into all obstacle the less to surmount, and I suppose the duke will listen to reasonable alliances you may propose." " We wish for nothing what we may have to say to him." more," said the duke. Things remained in this state during the time I was told, that before these three barons left Paris, the dukes of of sir Helion's residence at Bayonne, where he was gayly entertained Ber-y and Burgundy held several private consultations with them, according to the orders the duke had given. and recommended them to use every gentle method to bring matters In the meanwhile, news of this intended marriage was everywhere to a favorable conclusion, in preference to harsh ones; and to pre- spread abroad; and, in particular, it was carried to the court of king vail on the duke to come to Paris, or at least half way to the town John of Castilte by those who said, "Do you know what is going of Blois, where they would meet him and hold a conference together. forward? There are important treaties negotiating with the dukes The three barons, who were prudent and had received their full of Berry and Lancaster, for a match between the duke of Berry and instructio s, said, they would use their utmost endeavors to comply the lady Catherine; and, if this be concluded, as there seems every with theib wishes. On leaving Paris, they continued their journey probability, it will not be done without strong alliances being made CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 471 b'-tween them. The duke of Berry has at this moment great power: were carrying on the war under his name in the s6neschalships of he is the elder uncle of the Iing of France, and takes the lead in the Aquitaine, Bigorre, Toulouse, and other places, comprehending all government of that country. He will succeed in whatever he may within the river Loire, but not beyond it, to last until the first day of propose, as to peace or long truces with England: and, on the other May 1389. This truce had been requested by the duke of Berry, hand, the duke of Lancaster stands in the same relation to the king that his people might pass and repass from him to the duke of Lanof England, is wise, and of great power; and, as it should seem, the caster with greater security; for those of Mortagne-sur-mer, BouteEnglish are tired of war. If, therefore, by means of this connection ville, and the garrisons in Quercy, Perigord, and on the Garonne, with France, a firm peace should be established with England, we were very cruel, sparing none, and acknowledging no lord. It was shall have the war to support alone; for the duke of Lancaster will to keep these people in better order that the duke of Berry had so. not give up tamely his claims on Castille, but, on the contrary, insist licited a truce, which was well observed. Sir Helion de Lignae lef't on establishing them, as his daughter's lawful inheritance and dower. the duke of Lancaster on terms of the strongest affection, and he We shall thus have war with France and England." Those most in seemed sensible things were in the train he wished them, for the duke the confidence of the king of Castille said to him, "Sire, have you seemed very well satisfied with what the duke of Berry had offered. heard the rumors that are abroad? You had never such need of He had indeed declared, that he never could marry his daughter in good advice as at this moment. The dangers from the duke of France without the consent of his nephew the king of England and Lancaster are thicker than ever, and the blast comes from France." the English council; but matters were now so far advanced, he "How!" replied the king: "what do you mean?" "In the name seemed to think there would not be any great difficulty to obtain of God, sir, the report is everywhere current, that the duke of Berry them. On these assurances, sir Helion returned to France, delivered is to marry the duke of Lancaster's daughter, and you may suppose letters from the duke of Lancaster to the duke of Berry, and related this will not be done without great alliances being made between to him all that had passed; with which he was much satisfied. them; and you may in future suffer as much from the French as you We will now speak of the embassadors from Castille. These were have lately gained by them." The king, on hearing this, was very indeed cordially listened to by the duke and duchess, for their hearts pensive, for he knew what they had said was true. He demanded were wrapped up in the hopes of regaining the crown for themselves advice firom those who had ever been attached to him, how, in such or their child. They were very kindly received on their introduction a circumstance, he ought to act, and they gave him loyal and good at the castle by the duke and duchess, to whom they delivered their counsel, as I will relate. credential letters, and explained the object of their mission. They You have before heard, in this history, how king Henry of Castilleo first proposed a treaty of peace with Castille, which the father-conhad made his peace with the king of Arragon, on condition that his fessor discoursed much on, in the apartment of the duke where only son Johba, the present king of Castille, married his daughter. This the duchess was present, who interpreted:to the duke what he did marriage brought peace to the two countries. King John had one son not understand, as she had in her youth been educated in Castille by this lady, who shortly after died; and then, by the advice of his and understood the language perfectly well. The duke of Lancaster, council, he married again with the lady Beatrice, daughter to the king at this first interview, did not discover his real sentiments, although of Portugal. The son, by the princess of Arragon, was a promising he entertained them well, but said it would be difficult to exchange youth, though very young. The council of Castille, in reply to the such hatred for peace, and to establish it with one whom they wanted king's demand, said; "Sire, we can only see one remedy to avert to disinherit, and that it was not his intention to relinquish his claim the evils that may be consequent to this marriage with the duke of to the crown of Castille. The friar and bishop replied; " that there Berry." "What is it?" asked the king. "It is the infant don Henry was one means of reconciling his right and the right of their lord and your son, who is alone capable of preventing this match; for we are king; and, my lord, we have found it." "What is it?" said the persuaded, that if the duke and duchess of Lancaster were informed duke. "Sir, you have by your lady a beautiful daughter, of an age you were willing to unite him with the lady Catherile, they would to marry, and our lord of Castille has a handsome and young son: if prefer him to the duke of Berry." " In God's name," answered the a union between those two could be brought about, the kingdom of king, " you say well, and 1 will instantly set about it; for our sub- Castille would have peace for ever; for what you claim will fall where jects will be quite satisfied, that by such a marriage they will have it ought, to your own heir, who is the lineal descendant from our peace with England on sea and land. Now, consider of the most kings of Castille; and all the fatigues you have undergone in this war proper persons to send to treat with the duke of Lancaster." must have been for the ultimate succession of this young lady." " Sire, it is necessary you should, in this matter, employ those of "That is true," replied the duke; " but I must have my expenses the greatest prudence and sagacity, and that it be treated with the reimbursed, for I would have you know that my expedition to Castillo utmost secrecy, lest you incur the hatred of the king of France. Great has cost England and me upward of five hundred thousand franes. Jealousies are now abroad, and persons are more eager to report I should like, therefore, to hear what you say of repayment." " My scandal than good actions, for evil reports are sooner made public lord," said the confessor, " if what we have proposed shall be agree. than others. When it shall be told to the court of France that you able to you we will manage all other things to your perfect satisfac. are in treaty with the duke sf Lancaster, they will wish to know the tion." "'iour coming hither," replied the duke, "has given us subject and the particulars, lest it may prejudice the strong alliance pleasure; and I shall certainly marry my daughter, before I return the late king, your father of worthy memory, entered into with them, to England, to Castille or France, as I have had proposals from thence; and on which account the French have assisted you in your wars. but matters like these are of such importance, that an answer cannot You must, therefore, send to tihe duke of Lancaster wise and discreet be given at the first overture. With regard to my daughter, whom I persons, that the matter may be secretly treated, and kept private consider as the rightful heiress of Castille, I would be well acquainted until all things be completely settled." "What you have said is right," with him who should marry her." "That is but reasonable, my lord," replied the king: " now name those whom you think capable of ac- said the confessor. Thus as I have related, were the proposals of complishing the matter." "Sire," said they, "vwe will send your marriage made frorm France and Castille, to the duke of Lancaster, confessor, father Fernando de Torre, and the bishop of Geghene,* for the marriage of his daughter. They were both well received, re who was confessor to the late king, and Peter Gardelempos, who is fusals made to neither, and the embassadors well entertained. The a great orator." " Be it so, then," answered the king: "I consent; let marriage, however, with Castille was more agreeable to the duke and them be sent for, and instructed what they are to say, and how to act; duchess, because their daughter would in due time become queen of for formerly, when there was a treaty of peace in agitation, they were Castille. not listened to by the duke of Lancaster, who insisted, as a prelimi- We will now leave the duke of Lancaster, and return to the affairs nary, that I should lay down my crown, and this I will never do." of Brittany. The three above-mentioned persons were summoned to Burgos, where the klg resided, and told from him on what object they were CHAPTER CXV. to be sent to Bayonne, to treat with the duke of Lancaster. They professed themselves willing to undertake it to the best of their abili- THE DUKiES OF BERRY AND BURaUNDY LEAVE FARIS FOR BLOIS, TO HOLD A. ties, and set out on their journey with few attendants, not like to CONFERENCE WITH THE DUIKE OF BRITTANY, WHO MEETS THIEM THER&.. embassadors going to form alliances, for they were not certain what THEY PERSUADE HIM, AGAINST HIS INCLINATION,.TO COME TO PARIS. success they should have. On entering Navarre, they made for THE duke of Brittany, as I have said, received the French knights Pampeluna, the residence of the king, who had married the king with much kindness, more particularly fihe lord de Coucy, whom he. of Castille's sister. She entertained them kindly, but they did not had been desirous to see. Iwas informed at the time, the lord de discover to her, nor the king the object of theirjourney. They passed Coucy was the most instrumental in making the duke change his:: over the mountains of Pampeluna and Roncesvalles, through the mind: not but that sir John de Vienne and the lord de la Rivierea country of the Basques, and arrived at the good town of Bayonne. exerted themselves to the same purpose, but all princes, when they. At the time of their arrival, sir Helion de Lignac was still there, but are entreated, will naturally incline to some persons more than oth. made no long stay afterwards; for father Fernando, the king of Cas- ers. The duke of Brittany consented, with great difficulty, to meet'. tille's confessor, waited privately on the duke of Lancaster, as better the dukes of Berry and Burgundy at Blois: after many fair speeches,, acquainted with him than the others, and gave him to understand the he said he would go thither, but not one step farther. The lord de cause of their coming, and by whom they were sent. Coucy replied, that they asked nothing more, unless it should be. The duke, on hearing this, opened his ears, for the intelligence perfectly agreeable tohim. These three lords stayed with the dukewas highly agreeable to him, and bade father Fernando a hearty wel- of Brittany I know not how many days, and then returned to the; come. This same day he gave sir Helion de Lignac leave to depart; dukes of Berry and Burgundy to tell thenm their success. and it seems to me that time duke consented to a truce for those who Upon this, the two dukes made preparations for going to meet the, Y ~~Gegheac." Q. ( duke of Brittany at Blois, and sent before all purveyannes suitable, 472 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. to their rank. The duke of Berry arrived first at the castle, where elic lte duke of Anjou, who had borne the title of king of those he was kindly received by the countess of Blois, his son, and her countriegs, as well as of Napes. She had brought with her her young daughter, as was becoming him and them. Count Guy de Blois was on!1 Lewis, who throughout France was acknowledged as king of not at this time in the country, but at Chatel Regnaud, and, as the Naples, and was likewise accompanied by her brother, John of countess and her children were at home, he paid no attention to the Brittany. Before she entered Paris, she signified to her brothers, arrival of the duke of Berry. The duke of Burgundy came in a grand the dukes of Berry and Burgundy, her arrival, with her son Lewis, style, accompanied by his son-in-law, lord William of IHainault, count their nephew, and desired to know whether he should make his en. d'Ostrevant, and his son John of Burgundy, called count de Nevers. try as king, or simply as duke of Anjou. The two dukes, having The duke was also lodged in the castle, and held there his court. considered the matter, sent for answer, that they desired he would The duke of Brittany came last, but with no great array, attended make his entry as king of Naples, Sicily, and Jerusalem, although only by those of his household, in number about three hundred he was not as yet in possession of these kingdoms; for they would:aorse; for it was his intention to return to his own country as soon assist him, and prevail on the king of France to do the same, so efas these conferences should be over. Such, however, were not the fectually, that he should recover those territories, and peaceably posintentions of the other dukes; for they said, whether he would or sess them as his right, and what they had most sacredly promised to not they would force him to come to Paris. The duke of Brittany perform to their late brother the king of Naples. The lady, upon was lodged at the house of a canon of St. Sauveur, within the cas- this, made preparations accordingly; and, having entered Paris, her tie; but his attendants, with those of the other lords, were quartered son passed in grand cavalcade, through the street of St. James, to in the town. These princes kept their state in the castle, which is his hbtel in the Gr6ve, with kingly state, accompanied by numbers large, and one of the handsomest in the kingdom of France. of dukes, counts, and prelates. The queen and her son, having es. Conferences were held between the three dukes; dnd those of tablished themselves there, waited on the king, who resided at the France gave handsome entertainments to the duke of Brittany, castle of the Louvre expecting the duke of Brittany. showing him much affection, and repeatedly thanking him for com- The duke of Brittany, on his approach to Paris, stopped one night ing to Blois. The duke dissembled as well as he could, and said, that at Bourg la Reine, previous to his entry, which he made on the mor. indeed it was from his love to them he had undertaken such a jour- row. This was great news for the Parisians, on account of the late ney, for that he was very unwell. In the course of their conversations events of the arrest and imprisonment of the constable, and the they told the duke of Brittany, that since he had come so far, he fruitless embassies that had been sent to summon him:t his late would have done nothing if he did not continue his journey to Paris, conduct, and his coming now as it were of his own free will, were for the king was very anxious to see him. The duke made every ex- variously spoken of. It was on a Sunday, the vigil of St. John Bap, cuse for not complying with this proposal, saying his health was too tist's feast, in the year 1388, at ten o'clock in the morning. The bad to go so far; that he had not brought any attendants with him, duke of Brittany entered Paris by the gate de l'Enfer,t and passing but simply those of his household, meaning to return home directly. the whole length of the rue de la Harpe, crossed the pont de St They kindly answered, that, begging his pardon, it would not be Michel, and came in firont of the palace. He was handsomely acdecorous to visit his lord paramount with too large a company; that companied by numbers of barons and knights; among whom was if he were too ill to ride, they were provided with litters and cars the lord William of Hainault, count d'Ostrevant his brother-in-law that should be at his service; and that he was bound to pay his hem-. John of Burgundy, and the lord William de Namur rode before him. age to the king, which he had never yet done. When he arrived at the castle of the Louvre, he dismounted, and, The duke of Brittany, in excuse, said, that when the king should as he passed through Paris, was much stared at by the common be of age, and take the reins of government, he would come to Pa- people. ris, or to any other place whither he might order him, to perform his The duke entered the gate of the Louvre well prepared what to say, homage, for he was bounden so to do. The dukes of Berry and and how to act. He was preceded by the lord de Coucy, the count Burgundy replied, that he was of sufficient age and understanding de Savoye, sir John de Vienne, sir Guy de la Tremonille, sir John de to receive homage; and that every lord of France, and all who held Beuil, the count de Meaux, sir Reginald de Roye and sir John des fiefs under the crown, excepting himself, had done their homage, for Barres: nearer to him, on each side, were the lord William de Na. the king'was now in his twenty-first year. The duke of Brittany, mur, John of Burgundy, and the count d'Ostrevant: be hind him were, finding his excuses of no avail, said, "Should I go to Paris, it will the lord de Montfort in Brittany, and the lord de Malestroit, his re. be much against my inclination, and very prejudicial to my interests; lation and minister. There was a great crowd in the apartment, for, when there, I shall meet sir Oliver de Clisson, whom I hate, and which was not only small, but the table was spread in it for the we can never cordially love each other after what has passed: he king's dinner, who was standing before it with his three uncles, Berry, will make nme bitter and injurious reproaches, and consider what Burgundy, and Bourbon. The moment the duke of Britanny entered may be the consequences." " Oh'no," answered the two dukes, the room, way was made for him, and an opening formed to the king, but in particular the duke of Burgundy, "fair cousin, have no fear by the lords falling on each side. When in the presence, he dropped from that quarter; for we solemnly swear to you, that neither te o on one knee, but speedily arose, and advanced about tenll or twelve constable nor John of Brittany, unless you wish it, shall see or speak paces, when he again kneeled: on rising, he came close to the king, with you: of this be assured: but you shall see the king, who is keeled the third time, and saluted him bare.headed, saying, "My anxious for it, and the barons and knights of France, who will make lord, I am come to see you: may God preserve you!" "Many you good cheer; and when you have completed the object of your thanks," replied the king. "I was anxious for your coming: we will journey, you shall return home without hindrance or hurt." see and converse with you at our leisure." On which he took him Why should I make a long story? The duke of Brittany was so by the hand, and raised him up. When the duke had risen, he bowed sweetly entreated, that he consented to go to Paris; but he insisted to all the princes present, one after the other, and then stood opposite that he should never see the constable of France nor John of Brit- to the king without saying a word; but the king never took his eyes tany, and that they should never be in the same company with him. off him. The two dukes solemnly pledged themselves to all his requests; and A signal was made to the masters of the household to bring water, on their faith he engaged to set out for Paris. They remained five when the king washed, and the duke of Brittany held the basin and or six days in the castle of Blois, and alternately gave grand enter- towel. When the king was seated, the duke took leave of him and tainmentsto each other, the countess, and her children. Everything his uncles. The. lord de Coucy, the lord de Saint Pol, and other having been so settled, the two dukes took leave of the duke of great barons conducted him to the court where his horses waited, Brittany and returned t) Paris; but the lord William of Hainault and, having mounted, he returned with his attendants the way they did not accompany his father-in-law the duke df Burgundy. He at- had come, through the street de Ia Harpe, and dismounted at his tended the countess of Blois and her family to Chatel Regnaud, to hbtel. None of those who had attended him remained, excepting visit count Guy de Blois, where he was kindly received and enter- such as had accompanied him firom Brittany to Paris. The duke tained for three days, when he took leave of them and went to Pa- of Brittany had frequent conferences with the king of France and ris, by way of Chateaudun* and Bonneval.t his uncles to their mutual satisfaction; and they religiously kept the promise they had made him, for he never saw, during his stay at Paris, John of Brittany nor the constable of France. When affairs C H ~A P T ER C~x v I. were in so good a train that they had not reason to be suspicious of the duke of Brittany, (for if he had not consented to everything the [.awrs OF ANJOU, SON TO THE LATE DUKE OF ANJOU, UNCLE TO RING king and his council wished, they would never have suffered him to CHARLES VI., MAKES HIS PUBLIC ENTRY INTO PARIS AS KING OF SICILY. escape from their hands, as they now had him in Paris,) they thought'THE DUIEK OF BRITTANY COMES THERE SHORTLY AFTER. THOMAS 1A- it time to prepare for the expedition to Gueldres for which the king UGAN, AN ENGLISHMIAN, ANO JOHfN MRS BARNES, A FRENCMAIN, PER- was impatient to punish the duke of Gueldres, for the insolent and FORM A DEED OF ARMS BEFORE THE KING OF FRANCE AT MiONTEREAUrir- lrude challenge he had sent him; which, the more it was considered, SUR-TONNE.S was the less to be borne. TImE duke of Brittany went to Beaugency, on the Loire, where he The lord de Coucy was therefore ordered into the country, near:~made ihis preparations for going to Paris. But before he came Rheims and Ch~lons in Champagne, to mark out the line of march;thither, there arrived the queen of Sicily and Jerusalem, widow of'*Her brothers-in-law, own brothers to her deceased husband Louis of Anjou. —ED. ~' Chateau-dun," an anctan: town in Beauce, diocese of Blois, twelve leagues from t He had been summoned several times, and the king had expected his appearance?hartres, thirty-four from Paris. ever since'the month of May. —ED. "'L Bonneval." ai lawn in Her~uce, four Ier.ucs from Cisatean-dun.: " De l'Enfer." It is now the gate of Saint Michel. For more particulars, eesSau:"Montereau-sur-Yo nne," a town in Brie, seven leagues from Melus twenty and a wal, Antiqfitts de Paris, tom. i. p. 56. ~f from Pafi. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 47d for the king and his army, and to excite tile knights and squires of The earl of Arundel was much cast down when he heard the Bar and Lorraine to join him. He was in no way to introduce the above, and called a council of his principal officers, to consider how king's name, but to engage them for himself, as if preparing for an they were to employ their force during the remainder of the season. expedition into Austria. Upon this, the lord de Coucy left Paris, In this council they resolved to sail for la Rochelle and make war on tand went to Chhlons, where he resided about one month, and re- that country; for, though they had not any castles in those parts, yet tained knights and squires from all parts in Bar, Lorraine, Chain- they were in sufficient numbers to withstand the force Saintonge or pagne, and in the Retholois. The king of France, after several Poitou could send against them. They intended likewise to Inake conferences with the duke of Brittany, left Paris, though the duke's their situation known to their friends in Limousin and Auvergne, by pleadings in his courts were not near concluded; for their proceed- some person in their fleet that was acquainted with the country, ings, when they choose, are very tedious, and they make the suitors whom they would land on the coast of Brittany. The truces whick spend much money without any great advances in their suits. sir Helion de Lignac had obtained from the duke of Lancaster had not yet taken effect. They were to commence on the first of August, and the knight was at this time going or re. -. ~.!:-~ turning, I know not which, to or from the duke of Lancaster at Bayonne. It fell out just as the earl of Arundel and the English barons wished; for they __________ ____ ___ -— found out a man from lower Brittany, who served under sir William Helmon, then on board, who came from near Oh8~ n le1i \ __ ~ Vannes, and understood four languages perfectly well, that of lower Brittany, Te ki English, Spanish, and French. Before they landed him on the sand, they gave Iinself with him the following orders "Thou willt go by all the bye-roads in this country, which thou sayest thou art acquainted ~m w m LU [tO [tO ~~ tt~tflj litwith, until thou shalt come to Chalu. and LUj~ m 8~ 8r~W 8111 it set.* Thou wilt salute Perrot le B'ar. fv thut with sword II nois, firom us, and tell him, that we de, tit lii unti it sire he will take the field, with as many The ki fs being wellaIm other garrisons of our party as he can, and make war on France undei our i commission. Thou shalt not carry any letters for fear thou mightest be stopped and searched. Say, if thou findest thy. 7-eve, toself in danger, that thou belongest to a wine-merchant of la Rochelle, who had sent thee with some commissions, and thou wilt pass everywhere. Tell Per. PALACE OF THE LOUVRE as it appeared in the 16th century. From a print in Chastillon's Topogmphie F-raneoiw. rot to give instant alarm to Berry, Au. vergne, and Limousin, by taking the field; for we will disembark near la The king went to Montereau-sur-Yonne, on the borders of Brie Rochelle, and make such a war that he shall soon hear 6f us." an-d the Gatinois, where he held his court, and frequently amused The Breton said, he would faithfully deliver the message, unless hmnself with hunting stags and other animals in the adjacent forests. he was stopped on the road. On being landed, as he knew well the During the residence of the king at Montereau; a aeed of arms was country of Brittany, he avoided all great towns, and, passing safely there performed by an English knight attached to the duke of Ireland, through Poitou and Limousin, arrived at Chaluqet, of which Perrot called sir Thomas Hapurgan, and sir John des Barres. This duel le B6arnois was governor. On coming to the barriers, having made had made a great noise throughout France, and in other countries; acquaintance with the garrison, they allowed him to enter, after ex. and it was to be fought with five courses of the lance on horseback, amining him at the gates, and led him to Perrot, to whom ie punc five thrusts with swords, the same number of strokes with daggers tually delivered the message, to the great joy of the governor, who paid battle-axes; and, should their armor fail, they were to be sup had been long impatient to hear some news of the fleet, and now he plied anew, until it were perfect. had it quite fresh. He said to the Breton, " Thou art welcome: my The knights being well armed, mounted their coursers to perform companions and myself are very eager to take the field, which we their duel, in the presence of the king, his barons and knights, and will now speedily do, and then act as we are ordered." Perrot le a great concourse of people. They tilted on horseback four courses B.arnois instantly sent to the governors of Carlat, the bourg de Coin. very stiffly, and kept their seats well. It was then the custom, I be- pane, to Olim Barbe, captain of Ouzach, to Amerigot Marcel,tcaplieve, to lace on the helmets with a slight thong, that they might not tain of Aloise, near Saint Flour, and to the captains of the othe make too great resistance to the blow of the lance. At the fifth forts in Auvergne and Limousin, to say he was about to take the course, John des Barres struck his opponent so violent a blow on the field, as the season was now favorable, and desiring they would join shield, that he knocked him over the crupper of his horse to the ground. him, after having left garrisons in their forts strong enough to prevent Sir Thomas was stupefied by the fall, and it was with diffic'lty he any accident during their absence. These companions had as grea' could be raised: however, he recovered well enough to perform his a desire to take the field as Perrot le B6arnois; for they could only ether courses with the different arms, to the satisfaction of the king enrich themselves by the losses of others, and, making their prepara and his lords. tions in haste, came to Chaluqet, where the general assembly had beer fixed. They amounted to full four hundred lances, and though, themselves in sufficIent strength for any gallant enterprise, and fhat CHAPTER CXVII. there was not a lord in the country able to withstand them; for sir CERROT LE BEARN0OIS TAKES THE FIELD BY COMMAND OF THE EARL OF William de Lignac and Bonne-lance would not, on their account, ARUNDEL, WHO LANDS HIS FORCES AT MARANS,* NEAR LA ROCHELLE. breakup the siege of Ventadour. Being masters of the country, they began their march through Au. I Ho4ha been som e time silent respecting the, expediti on tha t was at I w~~~~~hATb o i l rpcn hepio aw vergne, toward Berry, because they knew the duke was with the sea under the command of the earl of Arundel: it is now necessay king at Montereau-sur-Yonne. We will, for a while leave Perrotle that I should speak of ita. You have before heard the cause of Its Bdarnois, and speak of the earl of Arundel and his fleet, and what being sent from England, and the treaties that were made between they did on quitting the coast of Brittany. When they weighed the king and the duke of Brittany. This fleet had remained the anhor the weather was soine and beautiful, they hoisted every whole season on the coasts of Brittany and Normandy, except when sail, and advanced as it pleased God. It was a mgnifient ight to driven off by storms, but it always returned to its station. There view this fleet of six score vessels, whose streamers, erablazoned were in this fleet some light vessels called Balleniers, which are much w this of s ore es, wse rer em n used by corsairs; for, as they draw little water, they can the a uttering with the wind. They floated, as it were, on a sea mat approach the shores. This fleet had lain at anchor upward of a seemed proud to bear them, and which might be compared to a vigorous courser, who, after being long confined in the stable, gains was not far from la Roche-derrien, they heard that the duke of Brit- jits liberty to bound over the plains: for thus did the sea, gently ruf tany was gone to Blois, to meet the dukes of Berry and Burgundy, fled by the wind, swell on with a burden it was lustily bearing, and, who had held such fair language as persuaded him to go to Paris, f uratively speaking, it may be supposed to say, "I delight in carry. where lie had been so well received by the king, as to prevent him ~ "Marans." a town in Aunis, four leagues from la Rochelle. * "Chalupet," a town in Limousin, near Pierre-bufiere. 474 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. The fleet coasted Saintonge and Poitou, and cast anchor off Ma- bows before us to awaken them with a shower of arrows; and, when rans, near la Rochelle. Some of the most adventurous, to the amount they have made their attack, they will return homeward: the English of two hundred, observing the tide was flowing, entered their barges, will soon be on foot, and we will then charge them, and, being on and sailed up the river to the town of Marans. The watch on the horseback, may do them great mischief.";astle had noticed the English fleet anchoring, and the barges as. Those who heard this speech approved of it, and instantly assem. cending the river with the tide, and had sounded his horn frequently, bled a body of twelve hundred cross-bows and varlets, including all to alarm the townsmen, that they might save all they could of their sorts. At the first dawn of day, they were all prepared, and set out property. The inlhabitants, of both sexes, carried their most valu- from la Rochelle at a good pace, to beat up the quarters of the Engable things to the castle for safety; and it was well they did so, or lish. During this, the horse got ready, and they were about three they would have been lost. While the English were landing, they hundred; for many knights and squires had hastened to la Rochelle discontinued saving their property, to take care of their lives. The on the first intelligence of the English having landed at Marans English, on entering the town, began to pillage it, for this had been They left the town under the command of the two knights before the object of their coming, but they only found empty coffers: their named. Had the English fortunately had any suspicion of this attack contents had been carried to the castle. They discovered, however, from the Rochellers, and had formed an ambuscade of two hundred plenty of corn, wine, and salted provisions: for there were upward archers and one hundred men-at-arms, not one would ever have reof four hundred tuns of wine in the town. They resolved to remain turned to la Rochelle. to guard this provision, which came very opportunely to them; for, When the cross.bowmen arrived at the English quarters, it was should they depart, they imagined the greater part would be carried very early morn; and lucky it was for them that the guard, who had away by the French, up the river, to Fontenay le Comte. They re- watched all night, was retired at sunrise. The cross-bowmen began mained this night in the place, having arrived there only about yes- to shoot their bolts and arrows, which passed through the huts made pers, and gave themselves full liberty, sending, however, to inform of boughs and leaves, to the great surprise of the English who were their companions of their situation, and the reason why they did not asleep within-side on straw. Many were wounded before they dis. return. covered they were attacked by the French. When they had made The earl of Arundel and the other lords were satisfied, and said each about six shots, they retreated, according to their orders, and they had acted right. On the morrow, when the tide began to flow, the men-at-arms advanced on horseback amid the English huts. the smaller vessels weighed anchor, and in them were embarked the Knights and squires speedily left their lodgings, and drew up together; armor and other necessaries from the large slips, that, from their and the French captains, seeing they were preparing themselves in size, could not enter the river. There were loft in them one hun- earnest to take the field, made after their cross-bows and infantry, dred men-at-arms and two hundred archers to guard them, as they who were hastening homeward, for they were much afraid of the lay at anchor off the mouth of the river. When this had been done, English arrows. Thus hurrying, and in dismay, were the Rochellers they sailed for Marans, and landed at their leisure, for none came to pursued, though the horse guarded the rear, to the town ofla Rochelle. oppose them, and fixed their quarters between Marans and la Ro- The earl of Arundel with upward of four hundred men-at-arms was chelle, which is but four short leagues distant. The alarm was soon closely following, each man with his lanrce in his hand or on his shoulspread over the country that the English had landed at Marans, to der. There was much crowding and difficulty to pass the gates; and sir the amount of four hundred combatants, including archers. The Peter de Jouy and the lord Taillepie fought like valiant heroes in detowns and castles in the low country were much frightened, and the fending their men, keeping still on their rear, until they were come to villagers instantly fled to the neighboring forests for protection. the barriers. They were so hard pressed by the English, who were at their heels, they ran a great hazard of being slain or made prisoners; for the attack was the more vigorous against them as it was visible CHAPTER CXVIII. they were the commanders. Sir Peter de Jouy had his courser killed under him, and was with great difficulty dragged within the barriers. E RHELER SIRMISH WITH THE ENGIS NEAR MARNS. TE Sir Peter Taillepi6 was pierced through the thigh with a lance, and ENGL.ISH, AFTER F'ILLAGING TarE COUNTRY ROUN'O, aRETIRE WITH THEIR ENGLISH, AFTER PILLAGING THE COUNTRY ROD, ETIRE WITH THEIR hit by an arrow on the helmet, which entered his head, and his good BOOTY TO THEIR FLEET. FERROT LE BEARNOIS DOES THE SAME TO horse fell dead under him at the gate. There was much slaughter HIS FORT, WITH A GREAT DEAL OF PLUNDER. made on the Rochellers reentering the town: upward of forty dead IF the English had had horses, they would have much harassed and wounded lay at the gates. The inhabitants had mounted the the country round la Rochelle; for it was void of men-at.-arms, at battlements, and fired so many cannons and bombards that the Engleast such as could have opposed them successfully. True it is, that lish dared not approach nearer. the lords de Partenay, de Pens, de Linieres, de Tannaybouton, sir Thus ended this skirmish between the English and Rochellers. As Geoffrey d'Argenton, the lord de Montendre, sir Aimery de Roche. it was near noon, the earl of Arundel had sounded the retreat, when ohouart, the viscount de Thouars, and many other knights and squires the men.at-arms and archers retired in handsome array to their of Poitou and Saintonge, were in the country, but each was in his quarters, where they disarmed and refreshed themselves. They had own castle; for they had not any suspicions of the English coming wherewithal, having been amply provided with wines and meat from to invade them. Had they been so fortunate as to obtain notice of the surrounding country. The English lords remained at Marans for their intentions, they would have been prepared to receive them, but fifteen days, waiting for deeds of arms and adventures; but the it was not so; and the surprise was so great, that all were frightened, Rochellers never ventured again to come near them, for they had and impatient to save what they could. The farmers began to has- found, to their cost, how valiantly they had defended themselves. ten their harvest of corn, for it was the beginning of August. Add Their two commanders were also wounded, which induced the others.o this, there was not then in the country any person to take the lead. to wish for peace. The earl of Arundel, indeed, had sent four times The lieutenant of Poitou, the duke of Berry, was at Montereau: the parties to overrun the country round la Rochelle, and as. far as s6neSchal of Poitou was just gone to Paris: the s6neschal of Saint- Thouars, who did much mischief and terrified the inhabitants. They onge was from home: the sdneschal of la Rochelle, sir Helion de would have done more had they had horses; but only a few were Lignac, was at Bayonne, on the business of the duke of Berry, by mounted on what they could find in the country, and these were which the country was left defenceless; for, from want of heads, scarce, for no sooner was the invasion known than all the inhabitants their courage failed, and without that nothing effectual can be done. of the flat country fled with their stock and wealth to the great towns, The country was much alarmed for two causes: they had the Eng- and there shut themselves up. lish army and fleet on one side, and rumor had already informed When the English had remained near la Rochelle for fifteen days, them that Perrot le B6arnois was on his march, with more than fif- without seeing any attempt made to oppose them, and the wind be. teen hundred combatants, and had already entered Berry. They came fair, they embarked a great quantity of wine and fresh meat knew not what measures to adopt, except that of placing their wealth they had taken, and, having weighed anchor, put to sea. This same in safety; for it was said these two armies were to form a junction day, they met twelve ships from Bayonne, on their voyage to Eng. in Saintonge or Poitou, as was the intention of many. land with Gascony wines and othermerchandise. They sailed together There were, indeed, at the time the English landed at Marans, two for some time, being much rejoiced at this meeting, for they were gallant knights from Beauce in the town of la Rochelle, sir Peter de well acquainted, and the Bayonnois gave the earl of Arundel two Jouy and the lord Taillepi6, whom sir Helion de Lignac had placed pipes of wine for the love they bore him. The Bayonnois then sepa. there for its defence, when he set out to meet the duke of Berry at rated to continue their voyage, and the fleet kept cruising about in Paris. They had acquitted themselves ably; and on hearing that search of adventures. the armament under the earl of Arundel, which had been much talked While this armament was lying before Marans, Perrot le B6arnois of all the summer, had disembarked at Marncus, they told the mayor and his companions had taken the field, and, having passed Limousin, and the principal citizens, for it is a populous place, that it would be had entered Berry. He had with him four hundred spears and as right to beat up the English quarters; and added, "We hear they many pillagers, and carried off in one day all the merchandise that have established themselves at Marans, and lay the surrounding was in the town of le Blanc* in Berry, and gained great wealth and country.under contribution: we two are determined to bid them wel- many prisoners, for it was fair-day. He then marched to Selles,t come, and they shall pay us, or we will repay them, for what they which he plundered. Thus did Perrot le Bdarnois maintain himself. have done, Great blame and reproaches will fall on us, to whom He advanced far into the interior of the country, doing great mishas been committed the government of this town and country, if we chief' wherever he went, for none ventured to opFpse him; and ail sufi.r them quietly to fix their quarters there. There is one thing * -- euf *' "Le`Blanc." in the generality of Bo0urgbs. sevcenteen leagues from Poitiers~, nin~ much in our favor: they have not any horses, and are for the most from Argenton. part sailors, while we are all well mounted. We will send our cross, I t"Selles." or Celles, three leagues from St. Aignan, ten from Blots. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 47' parts were alarmed, even as far as the county of Blois and the Tou- ment from thence, but he was disappointed; for England *at that raine, for they were uncertain whither these two armies would march time was in a very unsettled state, and new ministers had been forced next. Some imagined they would unite; but it was not so, for the on the king by his uncles and the archbishop of Canterbury. A earl of Arundel had embarked again, as I have mentioned, and Per- parliament was indeed holden, about St. John Baptist's day, at the rot with his companions returned to their strongholds. When they duke's request, to consider whether a body of men-at arms and arch. had completely plundered the country, they thought it would be more ers should be sent to assist the duke of Gueldres, according to treaty. safe for them to retire to their castles and secure their gains. They Having considered the matter fully, they would not agree to it; foi took, in consequence, the roads through Limousin and Auvergne to it was strongly rumored, that the king of France was assembling a their forts; and nothing more was done, as to deeds of arms, in these large army, and it was doubtful whither he would march it, and the two provinces the remainder of the season, for the truce that had English imagined it was intended to attack Calais. They were also been agreed to last until the ensuing month of May, now took uneasy respecting the Scots on the borders, and were fearful of send. place. The siege of Ventadour by sir William de Lignac, sir John ing more forces out of the kingdom, as a large body of men-at-arms Bnne-lance, and sir John le Bouteiller, still continued; for Geoffry and archers were at sea, under the earl of Arundel, lest the country TUte-noire was so presumptuous as to pay not the least attention might be defenceless. When the council was considering the affairs to the truce, nor to the besiegers, depending on the strength of his of Gueldres, some of the lords said, " Let the duke of Gueldres take castle. care of himself: he is valorous enough, and in his own country, and We will now, for variety, return to the affairs of Brabant and will withstand all the Brabanters can do against him: if anything Gueldres. worse befal him, he shall have assistance. He has again the Germans, his neighbors, on his side, who formerly joined him against CHAPTER CXIX. France." Such was the state of affairs in England; but those in TE BRABANTERS PESS RAVE HARD BY THEI SIEGE. THE GEDRANS Grave suffered much from the siege. During the time it lasted, the A TE BRABANTERS PRESS GRAVE HARD BY THEIR SIEGE. THE MGUELIANS TBrabanters resolved to throw a wooden bridge over the Meuse, that UN A B GE THE rABANTES HAD THROWN OVER THE GUELDRES.EUSE, TO they might have an entrance into Gueldreland, overrun that country, and, by investing the town of Grave on all sides, prevent any proI HAVE already discoursed of and explained the situation of the vision from entering it; for they were numerous enough to surround dukes of Gueldres. How the ancestor of the duke of Gueldres of it, could they gain a passage over the river. As they finished the whom I now treat, married the daughter of Bertaldo of Mechlin, to different parts of this bridge, they joined and placed them in their rescue and repair his heritage which was very much embarrassed and proper situations, and had made such advances, that it was within dilapidated; and how the duke of Gueldres, son of the duke of Ju. the length of a lance of the opposite shzre. You may suppose that hiers, to maintain the city of Grave against the Brabanters, for which the duke was no way ignorant of what they were about, but he gave he had good cause and title, determined, since he could not recover not any interruption to their building the bridge, until it was nearly the three before-mentioned castles seated on the river Meuse, Goch, completed. He then advanced with cannons and other artillery, Ouch, and Mille, which had once been his fiefs, that he would attach and attacked it so roughly, that it was set on fire and destroyed. the city of Grave to his heritage in perpetuity. This duke had a Thus did the Brabanters, to their great vexation, lose all the effect oastard daughter bestowed upon and married to the damosel* of Kuck, of their labor. They, upon this, called a council to determine how which sire de Kuck was the heir of the city of Grave. So he ap- to act. plied himself to him so amiably that both father and son had nothing else left for it; and the damosel de Kuck gave him the city and CHAPTER CXX. lordship of Grave, and assured him the inheritance in the presence of the knights and barons of Juliers and Gueldres; and on this account THE BRABANTERS HAVING PASSED THROUGHe RAVENSTEIN,* ENTER OGIEL. the duke of Juliers recompensed him with the land and lordship of DRELAND, AND ARE DEFEATED BY THE DUKE OF GUELDRES. THE SIEGE )ois-le-Duc, situated on the river Ligne, in the duchy of Gueldre- OF GRAVE IS RAISED IN CONSEQUENCE. land. A very handsome castle belongs to this city of Pois-le-Duc, THREE short leagues from Grave lies the town of Ravenstein, be. which is a good large town and of good profit, but Grave is worth longing to the lord de Bourne, who is a vassal to Brabant. At the more. The duke of Gueldres made this bargain, to the intent that council I mentioned, the lord de Bourne was solicited by the minis. he might have a good ground of quarrel to take Grave from tie Bra. ters of the duchess of Brabat, and by the knights and squires, to banters; for the duchess of Brabant and her council said that an- open his town of Ravenstein for them to gain an entrance into Guel. ciently the lords of Kuck had held it in nmourtage, but that she or her dreland, and, with part of their army, overrun it: he complied with heirs might redeem it whenever they pleased, anid that the duke of thei request. he due of Gedrs, I know not whether by spies their request, The duke of Gueldres, I know not whether by spies Gueldres had no right to keep it except as a pledge. The duke Gueldres had no ght to eep it except as a pledge. The duke or otherwise, gained information that the Brabanters intended enter. of Gueldres maintained an opposite opinion, and said that it was his ing his territories by the bridge of Ravensteia, through the compli good inheritance and he would hold it to the last. This was the ance of the lord de Bourne. He was much cast down when he learnt cause of the war and ill-will that arose between those of Brabant and this as his force was not near sufficient to meet that of Brabant, this, as his force was not near sufficient to meet that of Brabant, Guelcdreland: and, in the month of May, the Brabanters came to lay which consisted of more than forty thousand men. He formed vari. siege to the city'of Grave; knights, squires, and the commonalty of ots plans how to act, and at last determined that, if the Brabanters the good towns; and they brought and carried engines, springalls, entered his country, he would retaliate by the bridge of Grave, for trebus, and all other such machines for the assault. And there were he was resolved not to be shut up in any town. He consulted the full forty thousand men one with another, who were encamped be- lord de Ghesme, a great baron in Gueldreland, and-his principal ad. fore Grave, over against the valley of the river Mense. And their viser who would not at first agree to his taking the field on account riser, who would not at firt agree to his takring the field, on account host was well furnished, for they had their own country behind and of the smallness of hlis numbers. "And what must I do then?" said on all sides of them, from whence they received plentiful supplies, the duke. "1Would you have me shut myself up in one of my towns, And this is the delight of the Brabanters, for, wherever they may be while they are pludering and burning my country? This would CD ~~~~~~~~~~while they are plundering and burning my country? This would or go, they will be stuffed to the neck with wine, meat, and delica. be too great a loss. I vow to God and our Lady," added the duke, ies, or they will return to their own houses. "that I will take the field to meet my enemies, and follow the best You have before heard how anxious the duchess of Brabant w to measures I can devise that the event may be favorable." make war on te duke of Gueldres, and to besiege Grave. There This plan he executed; and, on the morrow, after he had paid his was a great force of knights and squires from the principal towns devotions in the chrch, and made his offering at the altar of the before it, who declared their intentions were not to depart until.they Virgin, lie drank some wine, and, mounting his horse, set out for had gained possession of it; and the ducless, to show how interested Nimeguen. He was accompanied by only three hundred spears, or she was in the matter, had come to reside at Bois-le-Duc, four leagues indeed less, and they made straight for the place where they sup. distant firom it. The besieging army was plentifully supplied with posed they should find their enemies. You may from this judge:of all things that came thither by sea, or down the Meuse, from the ric the duke's coage, although some blamed hm. When they were country of Brabant, so that the siege was long continued; arid the tedk' orgatog oebae i.We hywr cuntry of rabat, so that the siege was long continued; and t without the town of Nimeguen, like a valiant knight, he shouted out, Brabanters had many large machines which threw into the town ", Forward, forward! let us, in the name of God and St. George, stones of such weight as to do much damage wherever they fell. In ten to meet our enemy; for I had rather perish with honor in the ndrlition, they flung into the town hasten to meet our enemy; for I had rather perish with honor in the addition, they flung into the town all the dead carrion of the army field than die dishonorably shut up in a town." With him were the to empoison the inhabitants by the stink. This was sorely felt by lord de Ghesme, who commanded the expedition, and a valiant and them, for the weather was hot, and the air too cahu to carry off these them, for the weather was hot, and the air too calm to carry off tese prudent knight, called the heir of Hanseberth, the lord de Huckelem, villainous smells..sir Ostez, lord of Naspre, and several other knights and squires of At times, many of the knights and squires of Brabant came to good courage. skin-Ifish with the garrison at the barriers; for the, dulke of Gueldre,91 MI- cour A_ air niish with the garrison at the barr iers; for the duke of Gueldres The same day on which the duke of Gueldres had taken the field, had placed withfin the town some gallant companions, who wore not the s6neschal of Brabant had done the same at a very early hour of shy of showing their courage when occasions called for it, and the the monigwh a lrgbod onigts an s es from Brant @neN-~y adnnced so ear as thebarriers.the morning, with a large bod~y of knrights and squires from Brabant, e.The siege lasted a ion who were eager to enter Gueldreland, and gain there both honor and ~rne; and the duke of Gueldres had fixed his quarters at Nimeguen; bet he could neither raise the siege, nor offer combat to the Brabant- *" ttavenstein"-a town of the Netherlands in Dutch Brabant, and capital of a ers, for want of suficient force. He had sent to England an account county of the same name, with an ancient and strong castle. It belongs to the elector of his situation, and expected for certain he should have a reinforce- Palatins; but the Dutch have a right to put a garrison there. It is situated on the Meuse, on the confines of Gueldreland, ten miles southwest of Nimegussi.-BRooIr'# * A title bestowed indifferently on young nobles of both sexes. —ED. Gazetteer. 476 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN. &c. profit. Upward of ten thousand men crossed the bridge of Raven- News was spread far and near, how a handful of men had overthrown stein; and the s6neschal, the lord de Ligniere, the lord de Bourgueval, forty thousand and raised the siege of Grave. The lord de Bowr. the lord de Gence, and the rest, were much pleased at having crossed gueval and the lord de Linieres were made prisoners, with others to the Meuse, and said among themselves, they would that day ride the amount of seventeen banners. These and the pennons you will as far as Nimeguen, and burn its mills, suburbs, and the villages that find hung up before the image of our Lady at Nimeguen, that the were round about; but they had shdrtly other news brought them perpetual remembrance of this victory may be kept up. by tlheir scouts, whom they had sent forward to examine the country. The duke of Gueldres was informed, that his enemies, to the amount of ten thousand, were abroad, and had passed the Meuse at the CHAPTER CXXI. bridge at Ravenstein. The duke halted, on hearing this, to consider again the best mode of proceeding, for some of his companions were TUK O UER THE EF OF TH RATE alarmed at the smallness of their numbers in comparison with the TURNS TO NI EN. ON THE NEWS OF THIS ITORY, THE KIN AND enemy, who were at least thirty or forty to one. They said, "How COUNcIL OF FRANCE SEND EMBASSADORS TO TIE EMPEROR OF GERMANY, THECI MOF RNE SECUELDT CMARRY ON THEI WAR AINSTxoO GUELDRAND, is it possible for three or four hundred lances to oppose ten or twelve TH ORE SECURELY TO CRRY ON TEIR W GAINST ELRE thousand? it is not in our power to overthrow them, but they may SCARCELY can I for shame perpetuate the disgraceful defeat of the very easily slay us." Several assembled round the duke, and advised Brabanters; but, as I have promised at the commencement of this him to retreat to Grave; but he replied, "he would never do so, nor history to insert nothing but what was strictly true, I must detail the confihe himself in any town, but march to meet his enemies, for his unfortunate consequences of this battle. The young duke of Guelcourage told him he should defeat them; and he preferred dying dres gained this renowned victory about Magdalen-tide, in the month with honor to living in disgrace. We will overthrow," said he, of July 1388. When the defeat and pursuit were over, which took our enemies, and gain this day infinite honor and wealth." He up about two hours' time, and the field cleared, the Gueldrians col. then, after a short pause, added in a loud voice, "Forward,, forward lected together, and greatly rejoiced, as indeed they had cause, at the those who love me will follow me." This speech of the dulike greatly fortunate success of the day, for they had many more prisoners than encouraged his men, more especially those who had heard the whole; they were in number themselves. The heralds were ordered by them and they all showed a great earnestness to combat their enemies, to examine the dead, and report who had been slain. Among them who were fast approaching. They tightened their armors, lowered was the young and handsome son of the count de Namur, (who was the visors of their helmets, and regirthed their saddles, and marched styled the Vaissier de Celles, lord de Balastre,) which, when told to slowly in handsome array, that their horses might be fresh for the the duke, greatly afflicted him; and he bitterly lamented his loss, for charge. Some few knights were made, and they marched in this he was of a most amiable character, and had been the preceding year order toward Ravenstein. his companico at- arms in Prussia. The Brabanters, with great numbers of common people, had al- A council was held in the field, whether or not to retire to Grave ready crossed the river, when news was brought to the s6neschal and and carry their prisoners thither; but the duke opposed it, saying: his knights that the duke of Gueldres had taken the field, and was "I made a vow to our Lady of Nimeguen when I left that town, and so near that they must speedily see him. They were mnuch surprised which I again renewed beitre we began the combat: in obedience at this intelligence, and concluded that the duke must at least have to which, I order, that we gayly return;o Nimeguen, and offer our had with him six times more men than he had. They instantly thanksgivings to the Holy Virgin, who has assisted us in our victory." halted, and would have drawn themselves up in array, but had not This command was obeyed; for, as the duke had given it, no one time; for the duke of Gueldres appeared with his company full gal- made any objection; and they set out, on their return toward Nimelop, with spears in their rests, and shouting their cry, "Our Lady for guen, full gallop. It was two long leagues from the field of battle, Gueldres!" A squire of Gueldreland, called Hermaut de Morbec, but they were soon there. deserves particular attention, from the great desire he had to exalt On this fortunate news being told in that town, great rejoicings his name. He left the ranks of the battalion, and, spurring his horse, were made by both sexes; and the clergy went out in procession to was the first to assault the enemy, and at this gallant tilt unhorsed meet the duke, and received him with acclamations. The duke did the man he struck. I know not if he were raised from the ground, not turn to the right nor left, but rode with his knights straight to the for the crowd was so great, that when any were dismounted, unless church where the image of our Lady was, and in which he had great instantly relieved, they ran great risk of being crushed to death. faith. When he had entered herchapel, he disarmed himself of every. More tilhan six score Brabanters were unhorsed at this first charge. thing to his doublet, and offered up his armor to the altar, in honor Great confusion and dismay, with but a poorsdefence, reigned among of our Lady, returning thanksgivings for the victory he had gained them.'rihey were so suddenly attacked, (which is the way enemies over his enemies. The banners and pennons of the enemy were all should be by those who wish to conquer them,) that although they hung up in this chapel, but I know not if they be still there:* the were so numerous, and had many great lords, they were dispersed: duke retired to Ihis hotel, and his knights to their homes, to pay at. they could never form any array, nor could the lords rally their men, tention to themselves and their prisoners, from whom they expected nor these last join their lords. Those in the rear, hearing the noise, great ransoms. When the report of this victory over the Brabanters and seeming the clouds of dust, thought their men must have been dis- was made public, the duke of Gueldres was more feared and honored comfited, and that the enemy were coming to them, so that they be- than before. came panic-struck, and, turning about, fled for Ravenstein or the The duchess of Brabant, who had resided at Bois-le-Duc, was Meuse. Thleir fright was so great, they rushed into the river, whether much vexed, as indeed she had reason, at this unfortunate turn in her on horseback or on foot, without sounding the bottom or knowing if affairs, and that the siege of Grave was raised. She ordered a strong it were fo':dable, for they imagined the enemy was at their heels. garrison into Bois-le-Duc to guard the frontiers, and then returned By this stlIf-defeat, upward of twelve hundred perished in the river through Champagne to Brussels. She wrote frequently to the duke Meuse; for they leaped one on the other, without any distinction, of Burgundy the state of things, and eagerly pressed him to assist her like will beasts. Many great lords and barons of Brabant (whose in the recovery of her losses; for all her hopes were in him. You names'i shall not disclose, to save them and their heirs from the dis- may suppose, the news of this victory was instantly known in France, grace that would attach to them) most shamefully fled from the field, particularly at the court of the king; but they were little surprised and s(,ught their safety, not by the river, nor by Ravenstein, but by at it, rather holding it cheap, imagining, when the king marched other roads that carried them to a distance from their enemies. thither, they should make themselves ample amends. Orders were T7is unfortunate event to the chivalry of Brabant happened be- sent to sir William de la Tremouille and to sir Gervais de Merande, tw:en: Grave and Ravenstein. Great numbers were slain. All who who had been placed by the duke of Burgundy in the three castles could surrender did so instantly; and the Germans took them at on the Meuse, to guard well that frontier, and to make no sallies ransom very readily, for the great profit they expected to make from where there should be any risk of loss; for that they would shortly them. Those who had fled to Grave gave the alarm to the besieging hear from the king, who was preparing to visit this duke of Gueldres army; for they arrived out of breath, and so harassed that they could and his country in person. Sir William had been greatly hurt at the scarcely say to them, "Retire as fast as you can, for we have been late defeat of his friends, but the intelligence from France raised his totally defeated, and nothing can save you." When those in camp spirits, and he acted conformably to the orders he had received. saw their appearance and heard their report, they were so frightened Let us return to what was passing in France. The king's ardor for that they would not stay to pack up anything, noreven take down the invasion of Gueldrehand was no way abated: he was anxious to their tents and pavilions, but set off without bidding adieu, and left undertalke it at all events, for the challenge of the duke had mightily everything behind them. They were seized with such a panic as enraged him; and he declared that, cost what it would, he would neither to take victual nor carriage; but such as had horses leaped have ample reparation, or his territories, with those of his father, the on them, and fled for safety to Bois-le-Duc, Houdan, Mont St. Ger. duke of Juliers, should be despoiled and burnt. Summonses were vais, Gertruydenberg, or Dordrecht. Their only care was to save sent to all the dukes, counts, knights, barons and men.at-arms, of themselves, and fly from their enemies. Had the garrison of Grave France, to provide themselves with sufficient purveyances for a long known of this defeat of the Brabanters, they would have greatly journey; and one of the marshals of France, sir Louis de Sancerre, gained by it, and killed or brought back many of the runaways. was ordered to remain to guard the kingdom, fronm beyond the river They were not made acquainted with it until late, when they sallied Dordogne to the sea; for in Languedoc, and in the country between forth, and took possession of tents, pavilions, and warlike engines the Garonne and the Loire, the tiuce had been accepted; and the the Brabanters in their fright had left behind, which they brought at other marshal, tie lord do Blainville, was to accompany the king. their leisure into Grave, for there were none to oppose them. Thus * In the last paragraph of the preceding chapter, it is intimated that they were still was the siege of Grave broken up, to the great loss of the Brabanters. remaining. —ER. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 477 The different lords made such immense provision of stores of all thousand francs, which had been expended in the provisioning his kinds, it was wonderful to think of, more especially in wines. All castles, and in retaining men-at-arms the whole of last winter, thinkthose in Champagne were bespoken for the king, the dukes of Berry, ing a war would be declared against him; but he was so fairly Burgundy, Touraine, and Bourbon; carriages also, of every descrip- spoken to, that he promised the king and the duke of Burgundy to tion, in those parts, were likewise retained for them: indeed, the repay this sum, of one hundred thousand firancs, in the course of five preparations for this expedition were prodigious. years, by yearly payments of twenty thousand francs. The duke, The duke of Brittany was still at Paris, and could not obtain any after this, took leave of the king, who made him very handsome decision respecting his affairs, for the king resided chiefly at Mon- presents of jewels, and went back to Paris. The duke of Burgundy tereau-sur-Yonne. He was, however, well entertained with feasts before his departure, gave to him and his knights a magnificent en and fair words. The nobles begged of him to have patience, for he tertainment in his hotel, called the hotel d'Artois, when they separa would very shortly have his business finished; but that the king was ted on the most friendly terms so impatient to begin his march to Germany, he attended to nothing The duke of Brittany made no longer stay after this at Paris; but else. The duke was forced to make the best he could of it, per- having arranged his affairs, and had his expenses paid by his officers, ceiving hlie could not amend it, and, since he had come to Paris, was he set out, taking the road to Estampes, travelled through Beauce to resolved not to depart but with the good-will of the king, although Beaugency on the Loire, with a numerous body of attendants riding his stay was attended with vast expenses. When it was Iknown for before him. From Beaugency his attendants continued their road certain that the expedition to Gueldreland was to take place, and that through the country of Blois, Touraine, Maine, and Anjou; but the a tax had been ordered throughout France, for the payment of the duke had his vessels waiting for him at Beaugency, and embarking knights and men-at-arms, many of the wisest in the country, whether on board a handsome yacht, with the lords de Montfort and de of the council or not, said that it was ill advised to encourage a king Malestroit, sailed down the Loire, passing under the bridge at Blois, of France to march such a distance in search of his enemies, and and not stopping until he came to Nantes, when he was in his own that the kingdom might suffer from it, (for the king was young, and country. I will now leave the duke of Brittany, who strictly kept very popular with his subjects,) and that it would have been fully the engagements he had entered into with the king of France and sufficient for one of the king's uncles, or both of them, with the con- his uncles, and has never done anything since worthy of being restable of France, to have gone with six or seven thousand lances, membered in this history, nor do I know if he ever will. If he without carrying the person of the king thither. should, I will relate it, according to the manner it shall be told me. The king's uncles were of a similar opinion: they most prudently The king of France was busily employed in making his prepararemonstrated with him on the impropriety of his marching with tions to invade Gueldreland. The lord de Coucy, on his return to his army, and were urging many strong reasons against it, when Montereanu, informed the king and his uncles, that all the chivalry he flew into a rage, and shortly interrupted them, by saying,," If of Bar, Lorraine, Burgundy, and as far as the Rhine, were ready and you go thither without me, it will be contrary to my will and willing to attend them, in their expedition to Germany. The king pleasure; but I can assure you, you shall not receive one penny, was much pleased on hearing this, and said, that "if it pleased God, for otherwise I cannot restrain you." When the dukes of Berry and he would this year pay a visit to his cousins of Gueldres and Juliers." Burgundy heard this answer, they saw he was determined upon go. A council was held on the most convenient line of march, when ing, and replied, "God be with you: you shall go then; and we will some said, that the shortest way would be through Ti6rache,? along no more think of undertaking it without your company." These the borders of Hainault and Liege, and passing through Brabant into lords and the council deliberated on an affair of some consequence Gueldres; but others proposed crossing the Meuse at or near Utrecht, to this intended war. There had been a treaty for a long time in and, having passed that river, to enter Juliers, and niarch thence into force, between the king of France and the emperor of Germany, Gueldreland. Upon this, the lking and council wrote to the duchess which stipulated, that neither of therm were to enter the territories and states of Brabant, to signify that the king and his army intended of the other with an armnied force; that is to say, that the king of marching through their country. The duchess would have readily France and the emperor could not make war on each other without consented; but the states refused the passage, saying the country incurring a heavy penalty, and the sentence of the pope, who had woald suffer too mnuch from it. The principal towns and nobles solemnly sworn, at his coronation, to maintain these two kingdoms were of this opinion, and told the duchess, that if she allowed the in peace. It was therefore resolved, in case the king persisted in French to enter their country, they would never bear arms for her.his intention of invading Gueldreland, which was a dependence on against Gueldres, but would shut themselves up in their castles, and the empire, to make the emperor fully acquainted with the dulke of defend all the entrances to the country, for they should have more Gueldres' rash conduct, and lay before him the insolent challenge he damage done to themselves and lands by such passengers than if had sent the king of France, who, to make him sensible of his folly, their enemy were in the country. The duchess, finding so strong was preparing to march an army into Germany, not any way hostile an opposition to allowing a passage to the French, dissembled her to the emperor or his territories, but solely against this duke of Guel- real thoughts, and calling to her sir John Opem, master John Grave, dres, and to attack him wherever he should find him. and master Nicholas de la Monnoye, charged them to set out inSir Guy de Honcourt, a valiant knight, and sir Yves d'Orient, one stantly for France, and make excuses for the states of Brabant. to of the judges in parliament, were appointed embassadors to carry the king and the duke of Burgundy, for their refusal to allow the this message to the emperor. When they had received their instruc.- French army to pass through Brabant, fearful lest the country would tions and made their preparations, they took leave of the king and be too severely oppressed; and to entreat them, for the love of God. his uncles, and rode for Chalons in Champagne, with an attendance not to be dissftisfied with her, as she had done everything in her suitable to their rank, and the purpose they were going on. They power to obtain their consent. met the lord de Coucy at Ch~lons, retaining knights and men-at-arms These envoys left Brussels, and arrived at Montereau-sur-Yonne, from Bar, Lorraine, and Champagne, for this expedition, of which he where they found the king and his uncles, whose whole conversation, was to command the vanguard. He entertained the embassodors day and night, was on the expedition to Gueldreland. They first one day splendidly at dinner, and on the morrow they continued the waited on the duke of Burgundy, to whom they gave their letters, road to Sainte Menehould, and thence toward Luxembourg, to gain and explained so well the reason of the states' refusal that hlie was iitelligence where the emperor was. contented, and, at the prayer of his aunt, promised to mediate be. tween them and the king. The lord de Coucy was likewise of very great service to them, so that the first plan of passing through Bra.C H A P T ER C ~XX~I I. bant was given up, and the excuses from the duchess and her states were accepted. It was then determined, as more honorable for the THE RING OF FRANCE AND HILS COUNCIL PERMIT THE DUKE OF BRITTANY king and his allies, to march straight through his kingdom. A TO RETURN HOME. THE STATES OF BRABANT SEND EXCUSES TO T5IE council was held on the choice of those who were to form the vanKING OF FRANCE, FOR NOT ALLOWING SItS ARMY TO PASS THROUGIH guard; and two thousand five hundred pioneers were appointed to THEIR COUTNTRY. THE, SUCCESS OF TEiE EMBASSADORS WITH THE clear away all trees and hedge-rows, and to make smooth the roads. EMPEROR. The army had by their means a most excellent road through France ALTaOUOIG embassadors had been sent to the emperor, the French to the forest of Ardennes; but there it failed thenm, for rocks, forests, did no way relax their warlike preparations. It was signified to all and various obstacles opposed their passage. The lord de Coucy, to assemble in readiness for the field in or near the country of Chain- who had the command of' the vanguard, consisting of one thousand pagne, by the middle of the ensuing August; since the king had lances, sent forward persons to examine which would be tihe safes! then determined to begin his march, whether or not he should receive road for the king and baggage to march, (for there were upward of answers, through sir Guy de Honcourt and master Yves d'Orient, twelve thousand carriages, witho ut counting baggage horses,) to lay fronm the emperor of Germany. The king and his uncles thinking open the forest, and make roads where no traveller had ever before it was now time to dismiss the duke of Brittany, he was summoned passed. Every one was eager to be thus employed, more particularly to Montereau, where the king most kindly received him, as did the those who were near the king's person; for he was never so popular dukes of Burgundy and Touraine. The duke of Berry was at tine at any time as he was now in Flanders, nor were his subjects ever time in Berry making his preparations and Levies of moen-at-anrms, so, uniterl to anssist him as in this expedition against Guldres. While having fixed on Poitou for the place of assembly, before they began tlids was passinig, the king sent the lord de Coucy to Avignon, to the their march. The king and duke of Burgundy, as I have s&id, person wino styled himself pope Clement, I know not on what busi. treated the duke of Brittany in the most firiendly nlanner. He had_ before surrendered the castles and town of Jugon to the officers of "Tirachine" —nn fertile cnotunary inn Picardy, watered by the Oise and Seine, to the the constable, but made great difficulty to pay back the huindred weot of Ohalnptnenune amid tine south of Hainault. 478 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. ness; and the viscount de Meaux, sir John de Roye, and the lord de with his daughter. He, however, received none; for the duke of la Bonne, commanded in his absence. Lancaster detained him at Bayonne, dissembling his opinion between We will now say something of the embassadors who had been him and the embassadors from Castille; but he was more inclined sent to the emperor of Germany. They continued their journey as well as the duchess, to close with the last; yet, before them, ha until they came to Convalence,- where the emperor resided. After showed the utmost attentions to sir Helion, to make them the more dismounting at their hotel, they made themselves ready to wait on eager to finish the business. The Castillian embassadors labored him, who had before heard of their coming, and was very impatient hard to bring the marriage to a conclusion. They were four in nunm. to know the cause of it. Having assembled his council, the embas. ber; don Fernando de Leon, doctor in divinity and confessor to the sadors were introduced to the presence of the emperor, whor they king, the bishop of Segovia, don Pedro Gadelope, and don Diego saluted most reverently, and gave him their credential letters from Loup, who were continually going or returning from one party to the the king of France. After he had attentively perused them, he eyed other. The duke, however, gave them to understand that he would sir Guy de Honcourt, and said, "Guy, tell us, in God's name, what prefer a union with Castille to one with France, provided they would you are charged with." The knight spoke long and ably in explain. agree to his terms. He demanded payment of six hundred thousand ing to the emperor and his council the reasons why the king of francs within three years, twelve thousand annually for his and the France was about to enter the German territory with a large army, duchess's lives, and two thousand more for the duchess's household not with the smallest intent to injure that or any other part of the yearly.* territories belonging to the emperor, but against a personal enemy. When it was known that the king had left Montereau for Chalons, He then named him, and added, "The duke of Gueldres has thought all those who had remained at home hastened their march to join proper to send the king of France a most insolent challenge, couched him. Thither came the duke of Berry, whose quarters were at Es& in outrageous language, not usual in such cases, for which the king0 pinay, and the duke of Bourbon, the count de la Marche, the dau. and his council have determined to punish him. The king, there-. phin d'Auvergne, the count de St. Pol, the count de Tonnerre. Near fore, entreats you, dear sire, from your connections with him by the king's person were the duke of Burgundy, the duke of Lorraine, blood, not to abet this duke i his presumptuous conduct, but keep the duke vi Touraine, the constable of France, sir John de Vienne, those treaties of alliance which have formerly been made between sir Guy de la Tremouille, sir Barrois des Barres, and sir John de you and France, as he on his part is resolved to abide by them." Bueil. The whole country round Rheims and ChaMons, to the extent The emperor, in reply, said, "Sir Guy, we have some time been of twelve leagues, was destroyed by these men-at-arms, who were informed, that our cousin, the king of France, has been collecting a dispersed over it, from Sainte Menehould to Monstier in Bar, to large body of men-at-arms, at a vast expense, when it was unneces- Charumont in Bassigni,t to Vitry en Pertlois,t and the whole of the sary for him to give himself so much trouble foi' so small an object; bishoprics of Troyes and Langres. The Lord de Coucy was not yet for, had he made his complaints to me, I would have forced the duke returned from his journey to Avignon. of Gucldres to hear reason without the great expense he has been About this time sir Guy de Honcourt and sir Yves d'Orient came at."'' Sire," answered sir Guy, " you are very krind in thus express- back from their embassy to the emperor, and met the king at Chiing yourself; but our lord, the king of France, values neither ex. Ions. The king and his nobles were rejoiced at their arrival, and pense nor trouble wherever his honor is concerned; and his council inquired the news. They told them all that passed; that the em. are solely anxious that you should not be dissatisfied with him, for peror had very kindly received them, and handsomely entertained he is determined in no way to infiringe the treaties that exist between them; and sir Guy added, "Sire, and you my lords, when the em. France and Germany: on the contrary, to strengthen them as much peror and his council had read your letters and the copy of the duke as possible, and for this have sir Yves d'Orient and myself been sent of Gueldres' challenge, they were very indignant at his presumption, hither." "We are by no means," said the emperor, "dissatisfied and are desirous, from what we could learn, that he should be pun. with what is doing in France, and thank my cousin for the informa- ished for his insolence: nor will the emperor make any opposition tion he sends me: let him come, in God's name, for I do not intend to your intended war, which he seems indeed much to approve of, to move." but keep strictly to all the articles entered into between him and The embassadors were well pleased with this reply, and considered France, so that all your doubts concerning his conduct may be dissi. the matter as concluded to their wish. They requested answers to pated." The king of France and his council were well satisfied on the letters they had brought, which were cheerfully promised. They dined that day at the emperor's palace, and by his orders were well * According to Lopez de Ayala, the messengers sent by the king of Castille to the feasted. In the evening they retired to their lodgings, and managed duke of Lancaster at Bayonne were, Ferrand de Illescas, a monk of the order of St. tigs so well, that the business was finished to their satisfaction. Fracis, confessor to the king, Pero Sanchez del Castillo and Alvar Martinez de Villareceived their letters in reply to those they ha brought, they real both royal auditors. Before their departure for Bayonne, the king of Castille as~Having received ther i reply to thse they hadsembled the general cortes at Briviesca, in order to raise the sums demanded by the duke, took leave of the emperor, and returned by the way they had come and to relieve both himself and the kingdom firom a competitor who was so dangerous to the king of France; of whom we will now speak. an enemy. Ayala details all the conditions of the treaty: the following are tihe prnci pal articles: ________- ~ ~ ~ ~ I Don Henry, eldest son of don John of Castile, aged nine years, was, within two months fronn the signature of the treaty, to marry Catherine, daughter of the duke of' Lan. C:H A P T E R C X X I.I I. caster, aged fourteen years. tf tile infhnt Henry should die before he attained thie age of ifourteen years, or without consummating the marriage, Catherine was to marry his THE COUNT OF BLOIS SENDS TWO HUNDRED LANCES TO SERGE THE KING IN next brother. don Ferrand. Don Henry was, immediately upon thie marriage, to receive HIS EXPEDITION TO GUELDRES. THE EMBASSADORS BRING FAVORABLE the title of prince of the Asturias, and Catherine that of princess of the Asturias. ANSWERS FROM THE EMPEROR OF GERMANY. TlE IKING OF FRANCE'The king of Castille was to assign to don Henry and Catherine the city of Soia and the towns of Amazan, Atienza, Soria, and Molina, for the support of their household, CONTINUES HIS IMARCH TOWARD THE FOREST OF ARDENNES. SIR HE- being the same which king Henry of Castille had granted to Bertrand du Guesclin, arid LION DE LIGNAC MAKES HIS REPORT TO THE DUKE OF BERRY, TOUCHING which hie had afterwards redeemed. HIS MARRIAGE WITH THE DAUGHTER OF TOE DWUKE OF LANCASTER. Within two months next after thie treaty, thie king don John bound himself to acknowledge don hIenry and Catherine as his successors. THE great lords and barons of France were busily employed in The king don John was to pay down 600,000 French francs to tire duke and duchles making their preparations for the expedition wo Gueldres; arid those of Lancaster, as tirhe price of their renunciation of all claim upon tihe crown of Castillo.'from th mrditnpatoftekrdoiAveneLmusin, T he king don Jdhin further engaged fbr himself and his heirs, to pay the further allnua. suhe more distant parts of the kindom, in uvergne, imoof 40,000 fiancs to the duke and duchess, until the death of the survivor. Quercy, Rouergue, and other provinces, had already begun their Hostages from the kingdoms of Castille and Leon were to be given to the duke of march toward Champagne. The greater numbers came from Pi- Lancaster, as pledges for tihe payment of the 600,000 francs. These hostages were don cardy, Burgundy, Champagne, Bar, and Lorraine, because they were Fadrique, duke of Benevento, and brother to king John of Castille: Peru Ponce de nearer tureunIce fha nem T, a s L ine, F e t re Leon, lord of Marchena; John de Velasco, son of Pero Fernandez de Velasco; Carlos nearer the place of assembly. The villages in France were not so de Arrelano, John de Padillo, Rodrigo de Rojas, Lope Ortiz de Estuniga, John Rodriharshly treated as usual; for the king had forbidden, und.er pain of guez de Cisneros, IRodrigo de Casteneda, and several other citizens of various large death, that anything should be taken from them without payment. towns; in all sixty-six persons. {The saft-conduct granted to them by Richard lI. on Notwithstanding this order was made very public, the men-at-arms te 26th August, 1388, is given in Rymer.) muc mscie; or toug te unshett as Free pardon wais to be granted to all who had taken part with the duke of Lancaster. on their march did much mischief; for, though the punishment was The duke and duchess of Lancaster, on their parts, renounced all pretension to tile so heavy, they could not abstain from what they had been accus- kingdoms of Castille, Leon, Toledo, Galicia, Seville, Cordova, Murcia, Jaen, the Altomed to. They wzre indeed very badly paid, and consequently garves, Algesiras, the lordships of Lara and Biscay, and that of Molina; and they acthought tlky had a tight to provide for themselves. This was the knowledged don John as king, and after him don Henry; and, in case of his death without clrildren, then don Ferrand and all other lawful descendants of the king don excuse they made whenever they were reprimanded by their captains John, who should ascend the throne in default of any other legitimate heir. They furor marshals. The count de Blois was summoned, and he returned tiher engaged never to procure from the pope a dispensation from their oath, either for answer, he would send two hundred chosen lances well equipped openly or in secret. and paid. I knov not how he was dealt withal, but he serAt two Constance. duchess of Lancaster was further to be put in possession of the towns of hundred knights and squires to serve the king, from his county of Guadalajara, Medina del Campo, and Olhnedo, for her life, she engaging thlat they hundred knights and sqiuires to serve the king, from his county im,,. ].t-lpdlvrdbc.adta h ovenefsol eitutdt should, at her death, be delivered back, and that the government should be intrusted to Blois, under the command of the lord de Vienne, sir William do none but Castillians, Saint Martin, sir William de Chaumont, and the lord de Montigny, Notwithstanding his new alliances with England, the king, don John, stiprliteh tbs who marched at their leisure toward Champagne, whither they lad the preservation of Iis ancient alliance will France. To pay the sums agreed upon with the duke of Lancaster and ratified by the ctorte%, been orderedk the king raised a sort of loan throughout the kingdom, as his ftather had done wlien he The king of Fr~ance left Montereau-sur-Yonne, and took the road redeemed tire lands granted to Bertrand du Guesclin. All the cinizens, with the excepfor Chhlons in Champagne, without the duke of Berry joining him. t on of bishops, priests, and nobles, contributed to an imrpost, which was afterwards meo He was still in Berry, waiting the return of sir Helion de Lignac, paid to thes bysuccessive drawbacks on the ordinary taxes-Ho. with ansers fromthe duk of Lancster, rspectinghis -'" Bassigni," a small couantry on the confines of' Chanrpagne arid Lorraine: L'hapwith answers from the duke of LancPster" respecting his marriage merin s Capghnen e noapit. * "C'onvalence." Q. Constance. 1;" ~itry en Pertrels," a small town in Champagne, near Vitry le FranlEois CHRONI(LES OF ENGLAD.D, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 471 hearing this, although many said, that whether the emperor would or aolre, accompanied by the bishop of Poitiers, for the duke of Lan. not, they were in sufficient numbers to go whither they pleased with- caster's decisive answer; but at this moment we have enough on out fearing any one. our hands." This same week, the lord de Coucy returned from The king gave orders for the march of the army, and he left Chq. Avignon to the king in the Ardennes, to the great joy of the whole ions for Grand Pr6,* where he remained for three days. He could army. not make any long marches, from the great concourse of men that were in his front, in his rear, and on all sides; and he was forced to C H A P T ER C X X I V. move gently on account of his great train of baggage and purvey~ ances, which occupied a length of fourteen country leagues, and was THE PRINCIPA BlARONS OF SCOTLAND ASSEMBLE IN ARSW MS TO MARS daily increasing. The count de Grand Pre received the king in his WR ON ELAND. THE LEARN FROM SPY OM TEY T town with every respect, and ordered all things so much to the king's PRISONER THAT THE ENGLISH ARE ACQUAINTED WITH THEI t It3 ~~~~~TEN~TIOS. pleasure, that he expressed his satisfaction to the count, who was at- TENTONS. tached to the van division. The duke of Lorraine and sir Henry de I HAVE before related in this history the troubles king Richard of Bar here joined the king with a handsome company of men-at-arms. England had suffered from his quarrels with his uncles, urged on by The duke of Lorraine was ordered to the division of his son-in-law, the wicked counsel of the duke of Ireland, which had caused several the lord de Coucy, but sir Henry de Bar remained near the king. knights to lose their heads, and the archbishop of York nearly to be The pioneers had been continually employed in clearing the for-. deprived of his benefice. By the advice of the archbishop of Canest of Ardennes, by felling of timber, and making roads where none terbury and the king's new council, the lord Neville, who had corn. had ever been before. They had much difficulty in the filling up of manded the defence of the frontiers of Northumberland for five valleys, and forming a tolerable road for the carriages to pass, and years against the Scots, was dismissed: for this service hf. had been there were upward of three thousand workmen who labored at noth- paid by the counties of Northumberland and Durham, the sum of ing else, from Vierton to Neufchfttelin the Ardennes. The duchess sixteen thousand francs annually. Sir Henry Percy being appointed of Brabant was exceedingly pleased when she heard for certain that in his stead to this command, with a salary of eleven thousand the king of Franch was on his march through the Ardennes, and francs yearly, was a circumstance which created much animosity concluded she should now have her revenge on the duke of Guel-. and hatred between the Percies and Nevilles, who were neighbors dres, and that the king of France would make both him and his fa-. and had been friends. The barons and knights of Scotland, knowther, the duke of Juliers, repent of their conduct, which had given ing of this, determined on an inroad to England, as the opportunity her many mortifications. She set out in handsome array from Brus. was favorable, now the English were quarrelling among themselves, sels, accompanied by the lord de Samines, in the Ardennes, the lord to make some return for the many insults they had suffered from de Bocelars, the lord de Broquehort, and several others, for Luxem- them. bourg, to receive the king, and have some conversation with him. In order that their intentions might not be known, they appointed She crossed the Meuse by the bridge at Huy,t and went to Bastoigne, a feast to be holden at Aberdeen, on the borders of the Highlands. where she halted; for the king was to pass there, or very near it, The greater part of the barons attended; and it was then resolved, which he did. When he set out friom Grand Pre, he crossed the that in the middle of August of the year 1388, they would assemble Meuse at Morsay,1 with his whole army; but his marches were very all their forces at a castle called Jedworth, situated amid deep forshort, for the reasons I have before given. ests and on the borders of Cumberland. Having arranged every. News was brought to the dukes of Juliers and Gueldres, for such thing concerning this business, they separated, but never mentioned intelligence is soon spread abroad, that the king of France was on one word of their intentions to the king; for they said among them. his marc's to visit them, with an army of one hundred thousand men; selves, he knew nothing about war. On the appointed day, earl and that ne had never collected so large a body, except when he James Douglas first arrived at Jedworth: then came John earl of marched to Bourbourg, imagining the English to be in greater force Moray, the earl of March and Dunbar, William, earl of Fife, John than he found them. The duke of Juliers began to be greatly earl of Sutherland, Stephen earl of Menteith,* William earl of Mar, alarmed; but his son, the duke of Gueldres, made light of it, say- sir Archibald Douglas, sir Robert Erskine, sir Malcolm Drummond, ing, "Let them come: the greater the number, the sooner will they sir William and sir James Lindsay, sir Thomas Berry, sir Alexander be worn down, their baggage destroyed, and their purveyances ruined. Lindsay, sir John Swinton of Swinton, sir John de Sandelans,,ir Winter is coming on, and my country is a strong one: they will not Patrick Dunbar, sir John Sinclair, sir Walter Sinclair, sir Patrick easily enter it, and, when they make the attenlpt, shall be driven Hepburn, sir John Montgomery. sir John his son, and his two soas; back with other sounds than trumpets. They mniust aiways keep to- sir John Maxwell, sir Adam Glendinning, sir William de Redurin,f gether, which will be impossible, if they mean.to invade my terri- sir William Stuart, sir John Halliburton, sir John do Ludie, and sir tory; and, if they separate, my people will take them whether they Robert Lauder, sir Stephen Frazer, sir Alexander and sir John Ram. will or no. However, our cousin of France shows good courage; say, sir William of North Berwick, sir Robert Hart, sir William and I give him credit for doing what I would attempt if in his place." Wardlaw, sir John Armstrong, David Fleming, Robert Campbell, Such were the conversations the duke of Gueldres held with his with numbers of other knights and squires of Scotland. knights on this subject; but the duke of Juliers was, on the con- There had not been seen, for sixty years, so numerous an assem trary, quite disconsolate; for he saw, if the French were determined bly: they amounted to twelve hundred spears, and forty thousand on it, his country must be ruined and burnt. He sent for his brother, other men and archers. With the use of the bow the Scots are little the archbishop of Cologne, and his cousin, sir Arnold de Homes, acquainted; but they sling their axes over their shoulders, and, when bishop of Liege, to consult with them on the occasion, and see if engaged in battle, give deadly blows with them. These lords were there were any probable remedy to prevent his lands being despoiled. well pleased on meeting each other, and declared they would never These two prelates gave him the best advice in their power, and re- return to their homes without having made an inroad on England, commended him to humble himself before the king of France and and to such an effect that it should be remembered for twenty years his uncles, and submit to their will. The duke having answered, to come. The more completely to combine their plans, they fixed that he would most cheerfully do so, the bishop of Utrecht, who was another meeting to be held at a church in the forest of Jedworth, likewise present, with the assent of the archbishop, advised the called Zedon,j before they began their march to England. bishop of Liege to set out with his array to meet the king of France, Intelligence was carried to the earl of Northumberland, (for everyand treat with him on this subject. thing is known to those who are diligent in their inquiries,) to his The king of France continued his march, but only two, three, or children, Lo the sgneschal of York, and to sir Matthew Redman, four leagues a day, and sometimes not one, from the great baggage, governor of Berwick, of the great feast that was to be kept at Abe'which was too large by far, that accompanied him. Sir William de deen. To learn what was done at it, these lords sent thither heralds Lignac, and his brother sir Helion, joined the king between Mouzon and minstrels. The Scots barons could not transact their business and N6tre Dame d'Amot,~ where the duke of Berry, with his body so secretly but it was known to these minstrels, that there was to be of five hundred spears, was quartered. Sir William had come from a grand assembly of men-at-arms in the forest of Jedworth. They the siege of Ventadour, by order of the duke of Berry, as had sir observed also, much agitation through the country, and, on their reJohn Bonne-lance by similar ones from the duke of Bourbon. They turn to Newcastle, gave a faithful report of all they had seen or heard had left their army under the command of Sir John Bouteiller and to their lords. The barons and knights of Northumberland in consir Lewis d'Ambiere, as they were desirous of attending the king in sequence made their preparations, but very secretly, that the Scots this expedition. Sir Hielion had come from Bayonne, where he had might not know it, and put off their intended inroad, and had retired been treating, as you have heard, with the duke of Lancaster, for the to their castles ready to sally forth on the first notice of the arrival of marriage of his daughter with the duke of Berry. The duke of the enemy. They said: "If the Scots enter the country through Berry made him good cheer, and inquired after his success. Sir Cumberland by Carlisle, we will ride into Scotland, and do them Helion related everything that had passed, and told him the king of Castille was earnestly negotiating a peace with the duke of Lancas- * "Earl of Menteith." "At the time of this battle (of Otterbourne;) the earldom of ter by the union of his son, the prince of Galicia, with his daughter. M e nteith was possessed by Robert Stewart, earl of Fife, third son of king Robert II. augher. iwho, according to Buchanan, commanded the Scots that enteretby Carlisle. But our The duke was very p0ensive on hearing this, and, after a pause, said; minstrel had probably an eye to the family of Graham, who had this earldom when the "Sir Helion, you will return to France; and I will send you once ballad was written.~" —Reiiques of.4ncient.Englisls Poetry.'__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ -. " Hedurin." 4~'* "Grand Prt," a town in Champagne. election of Slainte Menehould. t "Zedon. The monastery of Zedon, at which the Scottish leaders are said to have t" Huy." a tw WI In the bishopric of Liege, capital of the Condrotz, on tile conflu- held their meeting previous to er tering England. is, I should suppose, the moderm Kirkence of the small river tIuy and the Mense Yetholm, exactly upon the Bo ders, and near the foot of Cheviot: the name is pro. I"Morsay." Q. Moudon. ~" Amot." Q. Arlon. nounced Yetto'm, which comes very near Yedon." —W. S. 480O CIIRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. more damage than they can do to us; for theirs is an open country, sand stout infantry and archers, all well mounted, should make for which may be entered anywhere, but ours is the contrary, with strong Newcastle-on-Tyne, cross the river, and enter Durham, spoiling and and well fortified towns and castles." burning the country. They will have committed great waste in To be more sure of their intentions, they resolved to send an Eng. England before our enemies can have any information of their being tish gentleman, well acquainted with the country, to this meeting in there: if we find they come in pureuit of us, which they certainly the forest of Jedworth. The English squire journeyed without in- will, we will then unite together, and fix on a proper place to offer terruption until he came to the church of Yetholm, where the Scots them battle, as we all seem to have that desire, and to gain honor; barons were assembled, and entered it, as a servant following his mas- for it is time to repay them some of the mischief they have done to ter, and heard the greater part of their plans. When the meeting us." This plan was adopted, and sir Archibald Douglas, the earl ofI was near breaking up, he left the church on his return and went to Fife, the earl of Sutherland, the earl of Menteith, the earl of Mar, the a tree, thinking to find his horse which he had tied there by the bridle, but he was gone; for a Scotsman (they are all thieves) had stolen him. He was fealrful of making a noise about it, and set off on foot, though booted and spurred. Hie had not gone two bow-shots firom the church before he was noticed by two Scots knights.= who were in conversation. The first who saw him said: "I have witnessed many wonderful things, but what I now see is equal to any: that man yonder has, I be. lieve, lost his horse, and yet makes no in. quiries after it. On my troth, I doubt much if he belongs to us; let us go after him, and see whether I am right or not." The two knights soon overtook him. On their approach he was alarmed, and wished c himself anywhere else. They asked him rP. whither he was going, whence he had I a come, and what he had done with his horse. As he contradicted himself in his answers, they laid hands on him, and said he must come before their captains, and t he was brought back to the church of Yetholm, to the earl of Douglas and the other lords. They examined him closely, for they knew him for an Englishman, as to the reasons he had come thither, and assured him, if he did not truly answer all JIDWORTH. (Jedburgh.) From an Original Drawing their questions, his head should be struck off; but, if he told the truth, no harm should happen to him. Very unwillingly he obeyed, for the love of earl of Stratherne, sir Stephen Frazer, sir George Dunbar, with six life prevailed; and the Scots barons learnt that he had been sent teen other great barons of Scotland, were ordered to the command by the earl of Northumberland to discover the number of their forces, of the largest division, that was to march to Carlisle. The earl o. and whither they were to march. This intelligence gave thena the Douglas, the earl of March and Dunbar, and the earl of Moray, were greatest pleasure, and they would not on any account but have taken appointed leaders of the three hundred picked lances and two thou. this spy. sand infantry, who were to advance to Newcastle-on-Tyne and intHoe was asked where the barons of Northumberland were? if they vade Northumberland. When these two divisions separated, the had any intentions of making an excursion? and what rad to Scot- lords took a very affectionate leave of each other, promising that if land they would take; along the sea-shore from Berwickl to Dunbar, the English took the field against them, they would not fight until or by the mountains through the country of Menteith to Stirling.? they were all united, which would give them such a superiority of He replied, "Since you will force me to tell the truth, when I left force as must insure victory. Tkey then left the forest of Jedwortb. Newcastle, there were not any signs of an excursion being made; one party marching to the right and the other to the left. The barons but the barons are all ready to set out at a moment's warning, as of Northumberland not finding their squire return, nor hearing anysoon as they shall hear you have entered England. They will inot thing of the Scots, began to suspect the accident which had happened. oppose you, for they are not in sufficient numbers to meet so large a They therefore ordered every one to be prepared to march at a mobody as you are reported to them to consist of." "And what do they ment's notice, or when they should hear of the Scots having entered esti-mate our numbers at in Northumberland?" said lord Moray. the country, for they considered their squire as lost. "They say, my lord," replied the squire, "that you have full forty Let us return to the expedition under the earl of Douglas and his thousand men, and twelve thousand spears; and by way of counter- companions, for they had more to do than the division that went to acting your career, should you march to Cumberland, they will take Carlisle, and were eager to perform some deeds of arms. When the the road through Berwick to Dunbar, Dalkeith, and Edinburgh: if earls of Douglas, Moray, and March were separated from the main you follow the other road, they will then march to Carlisle, and enter body, they determined to cross the Tyne and enter the bishopric of your country by these mountains." The Scottish lords, on hearing urhiam, and, after they had despoiled and burnt that country as far this, were silent, but looked at each other. The English squire Nwas s the city of Durham, to return by Newcastle, and quarter them. delivered to the governor of the castle of Jedworth, with orders to selves there in spite of the English. This they executed, and riding have particular guard over him; when they conferred together in the at a good pace, through bye-roads, without attacking town, castle, or church of Yethlm, and formed other plans. house, arrived on the lands of the lord Percy, and crossed the river Tyne, without any opposition, at the place they had fixed on, about three leagues above Newcastle, near to Brancepeth,* where they en. C H A P T ER CXXV. tered the rich country of Durham, and instantly began their war, by burning towns and slaying the inhabitants. ThE SCOTS onRM THEIRn AhrMY INTO TwO rIVISIONS; ONE, nd twi)Eo T 1 Neither the earl of Northumberland nor the barons and knights of COMMAND OF SIR B ARCHIBAD DOUGLAS, MARCHE.S TO CARLISLE, ANrD THE the country had heard anything of their invasion: but when intelliOTHER TO NEWVCASTLE-ON-TYNE, COMiMiANDED nY THE EARL OF noUro- gence came to Durham and Newcastle that the Scots were abroad, LAS; AT THE HARRIERS OF WICH I LACE, HE CONQUERS THE PENsON which was indeed visible enough from the smoke that was every. OPCt~ SIR h~ENRY ~Ea~c~Y. ~where seen, the earl of Northumberland sent his two sons to NewTHE barons of Scotland were in high spirits at this intelligence, castle; but he himself remained at Alnwick, and issued orders for and considered their success as certain, now they knew the disposi- every one to repair thither also. Before his sons left him, he said: tion of the enemy. They held a council, as to their mode of pro- " You Will hasten to Newcastle, where the whole country will join ceeding, and the wisest and most accustomed to arms, such as sir you: I will remain here, for it is the road they may return by; if we Xrchibald Dougl~, the earl of Fife, sir Alexander Ramsay, sir.ohn can surround them, we shall do well; but I know not for certain'inclair, and sir James Lindsay, were the spealters: they said, "That where they now are." Sir Henry and sir Ralph Percy obeyed their to avoid any chance of failing in their attempt, they would advise the father's orders, and made for Newcastle accompanied by the gentle. army to be divided, and two expeditions to be made, so that the ene- men and others fit to bear arms. In the mean time, the Scots con. my might be puzzled whither to march their forces. The largest tinued destroying and burning all before them, so that the smolte was division, with the baggage, should go to Carlisle in Cumberland: and ra, the other, consisting of three or fuur hundred spears, and two thou- t believe has been lately fitted up and repaired for a residence. CH Rr NICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 481 visible at Newcastle. They came to the gates of Durham, where their trumpets sounded, and they made ready for the assault, advan. they skirmished, but made no long stay, and set out on their return, cing toward the castle, which was tolerably strong, and situated among a3s they had planned at the beginning of the expedition, driving and marshes. They attacked it so long and so unsuccessfully, that they carrying away all the booty they thought worth their pains. The were fatigued, and therefore sounded a retreat. When they had recountry is very rich between Durham and Newcastle, wmhich is but tired to their quarters, the chiefs held a council how to act; and the twelve English miles distant: there was not a town in all this dis- greater part was for decamlping on the morrow, without attempting trict, unless well inclosed, that was not burnt. The Scots recrossed more against the castle, to join their countrymen in the neighborhood the Tyne at the same place, and came before Newcastle, where they of Carlisle. But the earl of Douglas overruled this, by saying: "In halted. All the knights and squires of the country were collected at despite of sir Henry Percy, who the day before yesterday declared he would take fiom me his pennon, that I conquered by fair deeds of arms before the gates of' Newcastle, I will not depart hence for two or three days; and we will renew..4:~::?_~:~:~_~~~~~~~~~~~~ our attack on the castle, for it is to be taken: Sm_-,:.,?:__~.~.~_~_:-_:__-_-~:; we shall thus gain double honor, and see if within that time lie will come for his pen. non: if he do, i; shall be well defended." Every one agreed to what earl Douglas had -___' —-— _~ —~ —— ~~~~~~~~ - said; for it was not only honorable, but he was the principal commander; and firom afI ___.. fection to him, they quietly returned to their quarters. They made huts of trees and ____i " branches, and strongly fortified themselves. They placed their baggage and servants ate the entrance of the marsh on the road to Newcastle, and the cattle they drove into the marsh lands. I will return to sir Henry and sir Ralph si John~ a nPercy, who were greatly mortified that the, earl of Douglas should have conquered their dit i, pennon in the skirmish before Newcastle.,barliers~ They felt the more for this disgrace, because. hand- Theea" osir Henry had not kept his word; for h lie had told the earl, that he should never carry hist, pennon out of England, and this he had ex.. plained to the knights who were with him; in Newcastle. The English imagined the, BRANCEPETH CASTLE. From an Original Drawing. armyunder the earl of Douglas to be only' the van of the Scots, and that the main body was behind; for which reason those who had;. Newcastle, and thither came the s6neschal of York, sir Ralph Lang- the most experience in arms, and were the best acquainted with war. ley, sir Matthew Redman, governor of Berwick, sir Robert Ogle, sir like aftirs, strongly opposed the proposal of sir Henry Percy to pursughe Thomas Grey, sir Thomas Halton, sir John Felton, sir John Lilburne, them. They said, "Sir, many losses happen in war: if the earl of' sir William Walsingham, sir Thomas Abington, the baron of Halton, Douglas has won your pennon, he has bought it dear enough; for he, sir John Copeland, and so many others, the town was filled -with has come to the gates to seek it, and has been well fought with. more than it could lodge. Another time, you will gain firom him as much if not more. We' The three Scots lords, having completed the object of their expe- say so, because you know, as well as we do, that the whole power dition into Durham, lay before Newcastle three days, where there of Scotland has taken the field. We are not sufficiently strong to' was an almost continual skirmish. The sons of the earl of North- offer them battle; and perhaps this skirmish may have been only wa umberland, from their great courage, were always the first at the trick to draw us out of the town; and if they be, as reported, forty' barriers, when many valiant deeds were done with lances hand to thousand strong, they will surround us, and have us at their mercy. hand. The earl of Douglas had a long conflict with sir Henry Percy, It is much better to lose a pennon than two or three hundred knights and in it, by gallantry of arms, won his pennon, to the great vexation and squires, and leave our country in a defenceless state." of sir HIenry and the other English. The earl of Douglas said, "I This speech checked the eaerness of the two brothers Percy, for' will carry this token of your prowess with me to Scotland, and place they would not act contrary to the opinion of the council; when otherit on the tower of my castle at Dalkeith, that it may be seen from news was brought them by some knights and squires who had fol. far." " By God, earl of Douglas," replied sir Henry, "you shall not lowed and observed the Scots, their numbers, dispositions, and where even bear it out of Northumberland: be assured you shall never have they had halted. This was all fully related by knights who had; this pennon to brag of." " You. must come then," answered earl traversed the whole extent of country the Scots had passed through,. Douglas, " this night and seek for it. I will fix your pennon before that they might carry to their lords the most exact information. They' my tent, and shall see if you will venture to take it away." thus spoke: "Sir Henry and sir Ralph Percy, we come to tell you, As it was now too late, the skirmish ended, and each party returned that we have followed the Scottish army, and observed all the coun.. to their quarters, to disarm and comfort themselves. They had plenty try where they now are. They first halted at Pontland, and took, of everything, particularly flesh meat. The Scots kept up a very sir Raymond de Laval in his castle: thence they went to Otterbourne, strict watch, concluding from the words of sir Henry Percy, they and took up their quarters for the night. We are ignorant of what should have their quarters beaten up this night: they were disap- they did on the morrow, but they seemed to have taken neasurest pointed, for sir Henry was advised to defer it. for a long stay. We know for certain that their army does not consist of more than three thousand men, including all sorts." Sir. Henry Percy, on hearinig tlhis, was greatly rejoiced, and cried out,, CHAP TER CXXV3I. " To horse! to horse! for by the faith I owe my God, and to my., lord and father, I will seekl to recover my pennon, and to beat up., THE EARL OF DOUS LAS, WHEN ENCAMPED BEFORE OTTERBOURNE, IS AT- their quarters this night." Such knights and squires in Newcastle TACKED BY' SIR HENRY PERCY, TO RECONQUER HIS PENNOM, AND A iEN- as learnt this were willing to be of the party, and made themselvesVRAL BATTLE ENSUES. ready. ON the morrow, the Scots dislodged from before Newcastle; and, The bishop of Durham was expected daily at the town for he had: taking the road to their own country, they came to a town and castle heard of the irruption of the Scots, and that they wets Le'bre ite, called Ponclau, of which sir Raymond de Laval, a very valiant in which were the sons of the earl of Northurrmberland rcadpiing to,. knight of Northumberland, was'the lord. They halted there about offer them combat. The bishop had collected a num!l., of men, and' four o'clock in the minorning, as they learnt the knight to be withiii it, was hastening to their assistance, but sir IHenry F arcy would not' and made preparations for the assault.'Phis was done with such cour- wait; for he was accompanied by six hundred spe,of knights and age, that the place was won, and the knight made prisoner. After they squires, and upward of eight thousand infantry, which,,hl said, had burnt the town and castle, they marched away for Otm:rboiirnet would be more than enough to fight the Scots, who were. but three which was eight English leagues firom Newcastle, and there en- hunried laices and tvo thousand others. When they were allas~ amped themselves.'sembled, they left Newcastle after dinner, and toik the fi6ld'in good This day they made no attack; but, very early on th. nmirrow, array, following the road the Scots had taken, making' for Otterbiourne, which was eight short leagues distant; but they' could not * "Ponclanu." Pontland, a village on the Blrthe. about five rnil..i'tri Nrewcru.tle. advalnce very fast, that their infantry might keep uu witr,.5,,m:i - tethone"-s so well known froui this celebriteil battle, the b As the Scott were supping, some indeed were gone to sleep, tot t "Otte rboi rns" — i so w ell known fro in this celepatrtei boattle,, 1 t.ee old b t alla'e - a that it is ahn~o~t n~eedless to say it is tituated in thle parriaih of E~slsdo, Nb'orcthul~nerh~td. they had laborled hard dur~ilg~ tile dary, at ihe attack of the castle, and: 482 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. intended renewing it in the cool of the morning, the English arrived, courage was everywhere exhibited by the gallant youths of England and mistook, at their entrance, the huts of the servants for those of and Scotland: they were so closely intermixed, that the archerss their masters. They forced their way into the camp, which was, bows were useless, and they fought hand to hand without either bat. however, tolerably strong, shouting out, " Percy i Percy!" In such talion giving way.? The Scots behaved most valiantly, for the Eng. cases, you may suppose an alarm is soon given, and it was fortunate lish were three to one. I do not mean to say the English did not for the Scots the English had made their first attack on their servants' acquit themselves well for they would sooner be slain or made pris. quarters, which checked them some little. The Scots, expecting oners in battle, than reproached with flight. As I before mentioned, the English, had prepared accordingly; for, while the lords were arm. the two banners of Douglas and Percy met, and the msn-at-arms, ing theniselves, they ordered a body of their infantry to join their under each, exerted themselves by every means, to gain the victory; servants and keep up the skirmish. As their men were armed, they but the English at this attack, were so much the stronger, that the formed themselves under the pennons of the three principal barons, Scots were driven back. The earl of Douglas, who was of a high who each had his particular appointment. In the minean time, the spirit, seeing his men repulsed, seized a battle-axe with both his night advanced, but it was sufficiently light; for the moon shone, hands, like a gallant knight, and, to rally his men, dashed into the and it was the month of August, when the weather is tempero.ate and midst of his enemies, and'gave such blows on all around him, that serene. no one could withstand them, but all made wayfor him on every When the Scots were quite ready and properly arrayed, they left side; for there were none so well armed with helmets or plates but their camp in silence, but did not march to meet the English. They that they suffered from his battle-axe. Thus he advanced, like skirted the side of a muouitain which was hard by; for during the another Hector, thinking to recover and conquer the field, from his preceding day, they had well examined the country around, and said own prowess, until he was met by three spears that were pointed at among themselves, " Should the English comie to beat up our quar- him: one struck him on the shoulder, another on the. stomach, neal ters, we will do so and so:" and thus settled their plans beforehand, the belly, and the third entered his thigh. He could never disen which was the saving of them; for it is of the greatest advantage to gage himself from these spears, but was borne to the ground fight. men.at-arms, when attacked in the night, to have previously arranged ing desperately. From that moment he never rose again. Some of the mode of defence, and well to have weighed the chance of victory his knights and squires had followed him, but not all; for though the or defeat. The English had soon overpowered the servants;. but, as moon shone it was rather dark. The three English lances knew they advanced into the camp, they found fresh bodies ready to oppose they had struck down some person of considerable rank, but never themn, and to continue the fight. The Scots, in the mean time, thought it was earl Douglas: had they known it, they would have marched along the mountain side, and fell on the enemy's flank quite been so rejoiced that their courage would have been redoubledl and unexpectedly, shouting their cries. This was a great surprise to the the fortune of the day had consequently been determined to their Englishb, who, however, formed themselves in better order, and rein- side. The Scots were also ignorant of their loss until the battle forced that part of their army. The cries of Percy and Douglas was over, otherwise they would certainly, from despair, have been resounded on each side. discomfited. The battle now raged: great was the pushing of lances, and very I will relate what befel the earl afterwards. As soon as he fell, his many of each party were Struck down at the first onset. The Eng- head was cleaved with a battle-axe, the spear thrust through his lish being more numerous, and very anxious to defeat the enemy, thigh, and the main body of the English marched over him without kept in a compact body, and forced the Scots to retire, who were on paying any attention, not supposing him their principal enemy. In -the point of being discomfited. The earl of Douglas being young, another part of the field, the earl of March and Dunbar combated and impatient to gain renown in arms, ordered his banner to advance, valiantly; and the English gave the Scots full employment who had *ahouting, "Douglas! Douglas!" Sir Henry and sir Ralph Percy, followed the earl of Douglas, and had engaged with the two Percies. /indignant for the affront the earl of Douglas had put on them, by The earl of Moray behaved so gallantly in pursuing the English, that:conquering their pennon, and desirous of meeting him, hastened to they knew not how to resist him. Of all the battles that have been:the place from which the sounds came, calling out "Percy! Percy!"' described in this history, great and small, this of which I am now "The two banners met, and many gallant deeds of arms ensued. The speaking was the best fought, and the most severe; for there was;English were in superior strength, and fought so lustily they drove not a man, knight or squire, who did not acquit himself gallantly, back the Scots. Sir Patrick Hepburne, and his son of the same hand to hand with his enemy. Itresemblied something that of Coch. name, did honor to their knighthood and country, by their gallantry, erel, which was as long and as hardily disputed. The sons of the:under the banner of Douglas, which would have been conquered but earl of Northumberland, sir Henry and sir Ralph Percy, who were for the vigorous defence they made; and this circumstance not only leaders of this expedition, behaved themselves like good knights in (contributed to their personal credit, but the memory of it is continued the combat. Almost a similar accident befel sir Ralph as that which with honor to their descendants. happened to the earl of Douglas; for, having advanced too far, he I was made acquainted with all the particulars of this battle, was surrounded by the enemy and severely wounded, and, being out fby knights and squires who had been actors in it on each side. of breath, surrendered himself to a Scots knight, called sir John There were also, with the English, two valiant knights from the Maxwell, who was under the command, and of the household of the.county of Foix, whom I had the good fortune to meet at Orthhs the earl of Moray. year after this battle had been fought. Their names were sir John When made prisoner, the knight asked him who he was; for it de Choteauneuf and John de Cautiron. On my return from Foix, I was dark, and he knew him not. Sir Ralph was so weakened by -met likewise at Avignon a knight and two squires of Scotland, of the loss of blood, which was flowing from his wound, that he could,,party of earl Douglas. They knew me again from the recollections scarcely avow himself to be sir Ralph Percy. "Well," replied the I brought to their minds of their own country; for in my youth, I, the kmnight, "sir Ralph, rescued or not, you are my prisoner: my name author of t'his history, travelled all through Scotland, and was full is Maxwell." "I agree to it," said sir Ralph; but pay some at:fifteen days resident with William earl of Douglas, father of earl tention to me; for 1 am so desperately wounded that my drawers:James,of whom we are now speaking, at his castle of Dalkeith, five and greaves are full of blood." Upon this, the Scots knight was,miles distant from Edinburgh. Earl James was then very young, very attentive to him; when suddenly hearing tihe cry of Moray hard i;but a promising youth, and he had a sister called Blanche.? I had,tiy inf'ormation, therefore, from both parties, who agree that it was * Lord Berners is always best wlhen battles occur. His spirit arises, and his words sound likre the neigh of tile war-horse. We can give here his version of the combat at tthe hardest and most obstinate battle that ever was fought. This I Otterbourne.:readily believed, for the English and Scots are excellent men-at-arms, "Knighltes and squyers were of good courage on bathe parties to fyghte valyauntly, and wuhenever they meet in battle they do not spare each other; nor cowimles mhsre had me place, but lhardynesuse rayned with goodly feates of armes, tir,and whenever they meet ii ~~~~~~~~~~knyglitos and squires were so joined togyder at hiande strokes, flint arcbecs bred no place disthere any check to their courage so long as their weapons endure. kyt n quires a soced tgyer at lde strokes. a archea I plc of nether party. There the Scottes shewed great ihardyesse and fisught meryly, with When they have well beaten each other, and one party is victorious, great desyre of honour; the FALnglysshlimen were three to one. Hiowbeit I. say nat but,they are so proud of their conquest, that they ransoim their prisoner. Euglysshimen dyd nobly acquyte themselfe, for ever the Englysshlmen had rather ben;instantly, and in such courteous manner to those who have been slayne on takei in the place than l1e. Thus as I have sayd the baners of Douglas and,taken, that on their departure they return them their thanks. How- Percy and their men were Inet eache against other, envyohs who shu!de wynne the honour of that journey. At the begynnynge the Englysshmen were so stronge, that,ever, when in battle, there is no boy's play between them, nor do they recumled backe their enemyes. Than the erle Duglass, who was of great ilmrte and!they shrink from the combat; and you will see, in the further detail hygh enterprise, seeyinmge his men recule backs, than to recover the place and smewe o1f this battle, as excellent deeds performed as were ever witnessed. knyghtly volume, hie toke his axe in bathe his handes and entered so into the prease that lie made hyrmseleb waye in such wyse that none durste aproche nere hymn, and he was so well armed tihmt he bare well of such strokes as he recyued. Tlhus ie wente ever forwarde lyk a hardy Hector, wyllynge alone to conquere the field, and to discomfyte his enemyes. CHAPTER C XXVIT. hBut ait laste lie was eucountred with thre speares all at ones the one strake hyimn onm the shoulder, the other on the breste, and the stroke glented dowane to hIis belu, ad the!ARL OF aouLA, IN RALLYING H~It MEN itO WERE RETEATN, thyrd strake him in the thye, amnd sore hurt with aill three strokes so that hlie inas borne ~~~~~IS MRTLL womV;. SR PRC, BDL WUNDDStR perftbrce to the erthe, and after that he culde nat again bereleved. Some of his kMnyghtes IS MORTALLY WOUNI~D. SitIR Ir.,PH PERCY, ]3ADL~ WOUNDED, $1JTRand squynes folowed hsynam, but nat all, for it was nyght, and nuo lyght but by the shuynynge RISNDERS TO SIR JOHN MAXWELL, WHO PUTS HIIM iN TtIE HANDS OF TOE of the mone. Time Englyssimene knsew aeil they mad borne one down to the erth, but,SARtL OF MORAY. isthe wyst nat who it was, for if they had knowen that it had bene the erie of Dugla~s. Tn~ ]cnjgllts c~d squires of either party were anxious to thur mad bene tihereof so joyful and so prowde thast the vyctorye had bene theirs. Nor TiuE knighsts med squires of either party were anxious tcontinue also the Scottes knivew nat of that adventure tyll the emde of the batayle. for if they had the coumbat aaith vigor, as long as their spears might be capable of knoswen it they shoull mave bene so sore dyspayred and dyscoraged that they wothd holding. Cowarthice was there unknown, and the most splendid huave fledde eawvye. Thus as the erle Dughiss was felled to the ertim. he was stricken itdto thie his.d with aun axe, and another stroke throughe the thye. The Eaglysiehme ~ "Blhabtle." Earl William Douglas was mirt married to Mar garet. daughter of the pea-el4 forthe mued tooke no hede of hym; they thougihte none othserwise but that ties sari of Mar. By her he had two children, James, who succeeded him in htm honors, and haside elayne mt mamn-at-armes." —ED. Iabel. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 4.j by, and perceiving the earl's banner advancing to him, sir John ad- vill be gleatly rejoiced." The two brothels Sinclai-, and sir Johnr dressed himself to the earl of Moray, and said, " My lord, I present Lindsay, obeyed his orders. The banner was raised and " Doutlas!' you with sir Ralph Percy, as a prisoner; but let good care be taken shouted. Their men, who had remained behind, hcaring the shout.> of lim, for he is very badly wounded." The earl was much pleased of " Douglas!" so often repeated, ascended a small eminence, and at this, and replied, " Maxwell, thou hast well earned thy spurs this pushed their lances with such courage that the English were repulsed. day." He then ordered his men to take every care of sir Ralph, and many killed or struck to the ground. The Scots, by thus vrcl. who bound tp and stanched his wounds. The battle still continued iantly driving the enemy beyond the spot where the earl of Doughn. to rage, and no one could say at that moment which side would be lay dead, for he had expired on giving his last orders, arrived at ti the conqueror, for there were many captures and rescues that never banner, which was borne by sir John Sinclair. Numbers were cot. eame to my knowledge. tinually increasing, from the repeated shouts of " Douglas!" alt the greater part of the Scots knights and squires were now there. The earls of Moray and March, with their ban. ners and men, came hither the battle with greater vigor than before. CHAPTER CXXVIII. Knot fnd there his eqlul tofilTo say the truth, the Eng. _____ ~;~~~~~~~lishhad harder work than ARODGSTU MOAYODRRHSA Itensrerw mdpsethe Scots, for thley hd come ______R~~ TO___~~~~~~~~~ REAT BR H BE LNN OIH Y ouheei i by a forced march that even. tug from Newcastle on Tyne, X\t'~ which was eight English _AMEN tse batle with get r w ic ans ir ON~~~3 ~ ~ _ T MHY TN J dinleagues distant, to meet the M SR R: TM M S Rar r b SJ a~~~grneater part were exceedingly fatigued before the co.ba — pb ebegan. The Sctut, on the THE young earcontlrary,.had reposrkd thensarms. Whell he wa strudoselves, which was to them of the ttmost ad vantage, as was:-is: i \\~i~t~ C~~~i ~ IH l~ Rapparent froom the event of the battle. In this last attack, they so completely repulsed the English, that the latter the former drove ther far beyond where the earl of Doug. las hay on tte ground. Sir Henry Perchy, duling this atn. baiWalter S~~inclair,~ wht knh dsr. h fu yadqewo aItack, had the misfortune to hisii i~~s~ fall into the hands of the lod Moutgontery, a very valiant kniaht of Scotland. They bad long fotght hand to hand with much vlcJr, and without DiATH OF DoUeLAS. Designed from MSS. Illuminations of the 15th century, hindrance from any cie; for there was neither knight nor squire of either party who did CHAPTER CXXVIII. not find there his equal to fight with, eand all were fully o enoaget In the end, sir Henry was made prisoner by the lord Mont rer.of nER ERL OF DOUGAi S, THOUGH MORTALLY WnOUNDED, ORDERS HIS BAN- You would have seen, in this engagement, such knihts ini d quires NER TO RE RAISED, AS TiE BEARER HAD BEEN SLAIN, AND FORBIDS HIS as sir Malcolm Drummond, sir Thomas of Ersktned anir Willun, sir LAMENTABLE STATE TO BE MaADE KSNOWN TO HIS MEN, URtoING THEM James and sir Alexander Lindsay, the lord Saltoun. sir Jhloi Saendi. ON TO THE COMBAT, BY wHICH THEY DEFEAT THEIR ENEMIES AND lands, sir Patric unbar, sir John and iraltei Smnrlaii se Patrick MAKE SIR HENRY PRCY vITh MANY MOwE 5onSONERS. Hopburne and his t sons, andthe loid Montgomery, eir John Maxwell, THE young earl of DoSsglas had this night performed wonders in sir Adam Glendinning, sir William Rtedoe,t sie William Stre t,, sir arms. When he was struck down, there was a great crowd rouid John Haliburton, sir John Lundie, sir Robert Lauder, sir Alexander him; and he could not raise himself, for the blow on his head was Ramsay, sir Alexander Frazer, sir John Edmo1tonm e, str William mortal. His men had followed him -us closely as they were, able;s Wardlaw, David Fleming, Robert Ciampbell aied his Two msns, John and there came to him his cousins, sir James Lindsay, sir John and and Robert, who ere tiat day knighted, and va hundred other knights sir Walter Sinclair, with other knights and squires. They found by and squires, whose names I cannot renmemher; but there was not one his side a gallant knight that had constantly attended him, vho was who did not rost gallantly perfori his part in this engagement. his chaplain, and had at this time exchanged his profession for that On the side of the English, there were sir Ralpt de Langley, sir of a valiant man-at-arms. Tue whole night he had followed the earl Matthew Redmai, sir Robert of Ogle, sir Thornas Graham, sir with his battle-axe in hand, and had by tis exertions more than once Thomas Haltotn, sir John Felton, sir Thomas Ahinigton, sir John de reptlsed the English. This conduct gained the thanks of his coun- Lilburn, sir Williarn iWalsinghiam, the baron de Haltoun, sir John de trymen, and turned out to his advantage, for in the same year he Copeland, seneschal of Yorlt, and many more, who on foot mainwas promoted to the archdieaconry and made canon of Aberdeen. tained the fight vigorously, botl before and after the capture of sir His name was sir William of North Berwick. To say the truth, he Henry Percy.t The battle was severely fought on each side; but was well formed in all his limtbs to shine in battle, and was severely such is the fickleness of fortune, that though the English were a more wouided at. this combat. When these knights came to the earl of numerous body of able men-at-ctrms, and at the first onset had re Douglas, they found him in a melancholy state, as well as one of his pulsed the Scott, they in the end lost the field; and all the above. knights, sir Robert Hart, who had fought by his side the whole of the named knights, except sir Matthew Redi-nan, governor of Berwick, night, and now lay beside him, covered with fifteen wounds from were made prisoners. But he, seymin they were defeated without lances and other weapons. hopeS of Recovery, and the Enlish flying in all directions, while his Sir John Sinclair asked the earl, " Cousin, boy fares it with you?" brother knigohts were surrenderng themselves to the Scots, mounted "aBut so so," replied he. "DTtaiks to God, there are but few of my his Iorse, aitd rode off. ancestors who have died in chambers or in their beds. I bid you, Just as the defeat took place, and sitle the combat was continued therefore, revenge my death, for I have hut little hope of living, as in different parts, an English squire, whohe name was Thomas Fel my heart becomes every minute more faint. Do you Walter and sir.ton, and attached to the household of lord Percy, was surrounded b John Sinclair raise up my banner, for certainly it is on the ground, a body of Scots. He was a handsome man, and as he showed, viri from the death of David Campbell, that valiant sqnuire, who bore it, and who refused knighthood from imny hands this day, though be was * Rutherford or Rnthven-ED. equal to the most eminent knights for courage or loyalty; and con. t The names of trie parties on hath sides were rectified hy M oor. Johnen assisted by r tiue to shout' Douglas:' but do not tell friend or foe vhether I am Wadter Soit, sad whans hes further corrected from the recent Frenchedition of Mg ruchln, who hasr cleared up many difficulties hy refmerence to the MSS. to which ho hoe in your company oronot; for, should the enemy know the truth, they had acLesng.-it. 884 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. iant in arms. IHe had that and the preceding night been employed the town, would not there hawe been much mischief? for those acin collecting the best arms, and would neither surrender nor deign quainted with arms imagine the alarm would have been so great, to fly. It was told me, that he had made a vow to that purpose, and that the Scots would have forced their way into the place with them. had declared at some feast in Northumberland, that at the very first When the bishop of Durham, who was eager to reinforce t4ie Eng. meeting of the Scots and English, he would acquit himself so loyally lish, saw his own men thus join the runaways in their flight, he de. that, for having stood his ground, he should be renowned as the best manded from sir William de Lursy.? sir Thomas Clifford and other combatant of both parties. I also heard, for I never saw him, that I knights of his company, what they were now to do? These knights know of, that his body and limbs were of a strength befitting a vigor- could not, or would not advise him: for to return without having ous combatant; and he performed such deeds of valor, when engaged done anything would be dishonorable, and to advance seemed atwith the banner of the earl of Moray, as astonished the Scots, but he tended with danger, they therefore remained silent; but the longer was slain while thus valiantly fighlting. They would willingly have they waited, the more their men decreased in numbers. The bishop made him a prisoner for his courage; and several knights proposed at length said, " Gentlemen, everything considered, there is no honor it to him, but in vain, foi he thought he should be assisted by his in fool-hardiness, nor is it requisite that to one misfortune we add friends. Thus died Thomas Felton, while engaged with a cousin of another: we hear and see that our men are defeated: this we can. the king of Scotland, called Simon Glendinning, much lamented by not remedy; for,.should we attempt to reinforce them, we scarcely his party. know whither we should go, nor what numbers the enemy consist According to what I heard, this battle was very bloody from its of. We will return this night to Newcastle, and to-morrow reoss commencement to the defeat: but when the Scots saw the English semb!e and march to find our enemies." They replied, "God assist were discorfited and surrendering on all sides, they behaved cour- us in it!" Upon this they marched back to Newcastle. Observe teously to thein, saying, " Sit down and disarm yourselves, for I am the consequences of this alarm; for had they remained steady in a your master;" but never insulted them more than if they had been body, as they had left Newcastle, and forced the runaways to return brothers. The pursuit lasted a long time, and to the length of five with them, they must have defeated the Scots, which was the opin. English miles. Had the Scots been in sufficient numbers, none ion of many. But it was not to be so, and the Scots remained vic. would have escaped death or captivity; and if sir Archibald Doug- torious. las, the earl of Fife, the earl of Sutherland, with the division that I will say something of sir Matthew Redman, who had mounted had marched for Carlisle, had been there, they would have taken his horse to escape from the battle, as he alone could not recover the the bishop of Durham and the town of Newcastle on Tyne, as I day. On his departure, he was noticed by sir James Lindsay, a shall explain to you.* valiant Scots knight, who was near him, and, through courage and the hope of gain, was desirous of pursuing him. His horse was ready, and leaping on him with his battle-axe hung at his neck, and C H A P T E R C X X I X. spear in hand, galloped after him, leaving his men and the battle, THE BISIIO OF DURHAM IS ANXIOUS TO SUCCOR THE ENGLISH AND RESCUE and came so close to him, that he might, had he chosen, have hit SIR HENRY PERCY, BUT IS SO BADLY SUPPORTED BY HIS MEN, TIIHAT HE him with his lance; but he said, "I-Ia, sir knight, turn about: it is IS FORCED TO RETREAT. HE MAKES SIR JAMES LINDSAY PRISONER, disgraceful thus to fly; I am James Lindsay; and, if you do not WHO HAD TAKEN SIR. MATTHEW REDMAN. turn, I will drive my spear into your back." Sir Matthew made no reply, but stuck spurs harder into his horse than before. In'this THE same evening that sir Henry and sir Ralph Percy had left state did the chase last for three miles, whep sir Matthew's horse Newcastle, the bishop of Durham, with the remainder of the forces stumbling under him, he leaped off, drew i sword from the sca stumbling under~ him, he leaped off, dr~ew his sword from the scalaof that district, had arrived there and supped. While seated at table, bard, and put himself in a posture of defence. Tse Scots kiight he considered that he should not act very honorably if he remained made a thrust at him with his lance, thinking to strike him on the in the town while his countrymen had taken the field. In conse- breast; but ir Matthew, by writhing is bod, escaped te blow, breast; but sir Matthew, by writhin iris bo~d), escaped the blowv, quence, he rose firom table, ordered his horses to be saddled, and his and the point of the lance was buried the ground, n there re trumpets to sound for'those who had horses to make themselves mained fixed. Sir Matthew now stepped forward, and with his ready, and the infantry to be drawn out in array for quitting the sword cut the spear in two. place. When they had all left it, they amounted to seven thousand Sir Jaes indsay, finding he hd lost his lance, ung the shaf men; that is, two thousand on horseback and five thousand on foot. on the ground, and, dismounting, grasped his battle-axe, which was Although it was now night, they toolk the road toward Otterbourne; slun c rous Iis shoulder, am d handled it with one hand very dex slung across hris shoulder, and handled it with one hand very dex. but they had not advanced a league from Newcastle before intelli- terously, for the Scots are accustomed thus to use it, attacking the gence was brouaht that the English were engaged with the Scots. knight with renewed courage, who defended himself with nmuch art. On this, the bishop halted his men; and several more joined them, Tsey pursued each other for a long time, one with the battle-axe out of breath from the combat. They were asked how the affair and the other with the sword, for there was no one to prevent theim; went: they replied, "Badly, and unfortunately: we are defeated, and but, at last, sir James laid about him su heavy blows, that sir here arethe Scots close to our heels." This second intelligence, Matthew was quite out of reat, which made him surrendca l; and Matthew was quite out of breath, which made him surrender; and being worse than the first, gave the alarm to several, who broke from he said, "Lindsay, I yield myself to you." "Indeed i" replied the their ranks; and when, shortly after, crowds came to them flying Scots knight, "rescued or not." "1I consent," said sir Matthew like men defeated, they were panic-struck, and so frightened with "you will take good care of me." "That I will," answered sir the bad news, that the bishop of Durham could not retain five hun- James. Sir Matthew on this put his sword in the scabbard, and dred of his men together. Nwsupdred of his men together. boyhdcmupntesaid, "Now, what do you require of me, for I am your prisoner by Now, supposing a large body had come upon them and followed fair' -~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~t reain conqusst?" "And what is it you would wish nse to do?" re. them in their flight (with the addition of its being night,) to regain plied sir Jnames. "I should like," answered sir Matthew, "to return *Through the kindness of my friends at Edinburgh, particularly Dr. Robert Anderson to Newcastle; and, within fifteen days, I will come to you in any and Walter Scott, Esq. to whom the public are indebted for many irstructive and part of Scotland you shall appoint." "I agree," said sir Jamcs, " on amusing performances, I am enabled to clear uip, in some measure, my historian's your pledging yourself, that within three weeks you be in Edinburgh; blunder's in the names of the heroes at this celebrated battle, and to add a few more par and wherever you may go, you acknowledge yourself as my pris. ticulars concerning it. " The present mansion of Otterbourne, belonging to Mr. Ellis of Newcastle, is founded oner." Sir Matthew having sworn to observe these condilions, each upon the ancient castle or tower which Doughls was besieging when attacked byPercy. sought his horse, that was pasturing hard by, and, having mounted, The field of battle is still called Battle-crofts. There is a cross erected on the spot took leave and departed, sir James by the way he had come, to join where Douglas fell." See the two ballads on this battle, published by Dr. Percy in his Reliques of Ancient his countrymen, and ir Mattew to Newcastle. English Poetry, and by Walter Scott, Esq. in his Border Minstrelsy: from the Scots Sir James, from the darkness of the night, as the moon did not ballad I extract as follows. shine very clear, mistook his road, and had not advanced half a Douglas was armed with an iron mace, which few but he could wield, and rushed league before he fell in with the bishop of Durham and more than into the combat, followed only by his chaplain and his two squires. Before his followers five hundred English he might have escaped this damger had lie could come up, their brave leader lay stretched on the ground, with three mortal wounds, and his two squires dead by his side: the priest alone, armed with a lance, was pro- c hosen it, but he thought they were his friends in pursuit of the teeting his master from further injury.'I die like my forefathers,' said the expiring enemy. When in the midst of them, those nearest asked who lie hero,'in a field of battle, and not on a bed of sickess. Conceal my death, defend my was. He replied, "I am sir James Liudsay." Upon this, the bishop, standard, and avenge my fill. It is an old proverb, that a dead man shall gain a field, whowas within hearilg, pushed forward and said," Lindsay, you and I hope it will be accomplished this night.' "The two squires of the body to Douglas were Robert Hart and Simon Glendinnmg: are taken: surrender yourseif to me." "And who are you?" said the chaplain, Rtichard Lundie, afterwards archdeacon of Aberdeen. Lindsay. "I am thebish ofDurham." "Andwhere doyou come "'The banner of Douglas was borrte by his nriatural son, Archibald Douglas, ancestor from?" added Lindsay. "By my faith, firiend, I intended being at otlthe family of Cavers hereditary sheriffs of Tiviotdale, among whose archieves this the battle but unfortunatel was too late amd in despair I am re. glorious relic is still preserved. The earl, at the onset, is said to have charged his son to defend it to the last drop of his blood. turning to Newcastle, whither you will accompany me." "If' yos "Hintspur, for Iis ransom to the lord Montgsomery, built the Castle of Penoon, in insist on it I must comply," answered sir James; "bmut I have made Ayrshire, belonging to the family of Montgomery, now earls of Eglintoun." a prisoner, and am now one myself: such is the chance of war." In thisbatlad, D)ouglas is said to have been murdered by one of his own men; and, "Wiom have you taken?", ashsed the bishop. "I have csprured in the introductory discourse, there seems to have been a traditionary foundation for itf and ransomed, after a long pursuit, sir Mattsew Redian." "Ad and the very person is named that was supposed to have done the deed; but Mr. Scott rmjecta this as totally untrue, and arising firom the common desire of assigniing some re- where is he?" said the bishop. " On my faith," replied sir Jasnes, mnote and extrauruinary cause for the death of a great man. "he is returned to Newcastle: he eatreated I would allow him three Dr. Percy says is a note, that "Otterbourne is near the old Wating-street road, in the weeks' liberty, whics I complied with." "Well, vell," said tsi psstosl of Elsdon. The Scots were encamped on a grassy plain near the river Reed. ___ ___ ________ 1he Place where the Soot, and English fought is still called Battle-igge.",,," n Lusrsy." Q. hLucy. CHRONICLES OF ENCILAND, FRANCE, SPAIN. &c. 405 bishop, " let us go on to Newcastle, where you shall converse with h]low well they had chosen their encampment, and strengthened it to him."i Thus they returned to Newcastle, sir James Lindsay as pris. their advantage. Some knights held a council how they should act, oner to the bishop of Durham. Under the banner of the earl of and it seemed that, after much deliberation, they thought it not.ad Niarch, a squire of Gascony, John de Chateauneuf, was made pris- viswble to risk an attack, for there were greater chances of loss than oner, as was his companion, John de Cauteron, under the banner of gain, but determined to return again to Newcastle. the earl of Moray. The Scots, perceiving the English were retreating, and that there was no appearance of any battle, retired within their camp to refresh CHAPTER CXXX. themselves with meat and liquor. They then made preparations for departure: but because sir Ralph Percy had been dangerously TUE BISHOP OF DURHAM MARCHES ON THE MORROW OF THE BATTLE TO wounded, he begged of his master to allow him to return to New. THE SCOTS cAMP, HUT RETIRES WiTHOUTT DARING TO ATTACK IT. THE castle, or wherever else in Northumberland he migh have his wounds SCOTS RETURN TO TttEIR OWN COUJNTRY. SCOTS RETURN TO THEIR OWN COUNTY. better attended to, and remain there until cured; and in case this BEFORE the dawn of day, the field was clear of combatants. The favor was granted him, as soon as he shoul.d be able to mount a Scots had retired within their camp, and had sent scouts and parties horse, he pledged to surrender himself at Edinburgh, or in any other of light-horse toward Newcastle and on the adjacent roads, to ob. part of Scotland. The earl of Moray, under whose banner he had serve whether the English were collecting in any large bodies, that been taken, readily assented to this request, and had a litter prepared they might not a second time be surprised. This was wisely done: for him. In a similar manner, several knights and squires obtained for when the bishop of Durham was returned to Newcastle, and had their liberty, fixing on a time to return in person to those who had disarmed himself at his lodgings, he was very melancholy at the un- captured them, or to send the amount of their ransoms.* fortunate news he had heard that his cousins, the sons of the earl of I was told by those who were of the victorious party, that at this Northumberland, and all the knights who had followed them, were battle, which was fought in the year of grace 1388, between New. either taken or slain. He sent for all knights and squires at the castle and Otterburne, on the 19th day of August, there were taken time in Newcastle, and demanded if they would suffer things to re- or left dead on the field, on the side of the English, one thousand maain in their presenit state, for that they would be disgraced should and forty men of all descriptions; in the pursuit eight hundred and they return without ever seeing their enemies. They held a coun- forty, and more than one thousand wounded. Of the Scots, there cil, and determined to arm themselves by sunrise, anid to march horse were only about one hundred slain, and two hundred made prisoners. and foot after the Scots to Otterbourne and offer them battle. This As the English were flying, they at times rallied, and returned to resolution was published throughout the town, and the trumpets combat those who were pursuing them, whenever they thought they sounded at the appointed hour. had a favorable opportunity, and it was thus their loss was so conThe whole army made themselves ready, and were drawn up be- siderable in the pursuit. You may judge, from the number of killed fore the bridge. About sunrise they left Newcastle, thlirough the and prisoners on eachside, if this battle was not hardily fought. gate leading to Berwick, and followed the road to Otterbourne. When everything had been arranged, and the dead bodies of the They amounted in the whole, including horse and foot, to ten thou- earl of Douglas, sir Robert Hart and sir Simon Glendinning were sand men.'They had not advanced two leagues before it was sig- iniclosed within coffins, and placed on cars, they began their march, nified to the Scots, that the bishbp of Durham had rallied his troops carryinrg with them sir Henry Percy and upward of forty English and was on his march to give them battle. This was likewise con- knights. They took the road to Melrose on the Tweed, and on firned by their scouts, who brought the same intelligence. their departure they set fire to their huts. They lodged this night in Sir Matthew Redman, on his return to Newcastle, told the event England without any opposition, and on the morrow decamnped very of the battle, and of his being made prisoner by sir James Lindsay, early and arrived at Melrose, which is an abbey of black monks, anid learnt, to his surprise, from the bishop, or from some of his peo- situated on the borders of the two kingdoms.'They there halted, pie, that sir James had in his turn been taken by the bishop. As and gave directions to the firiars for the burial of the earl orf Douglas, soon, therefore, as the bishop had quitted Newcastle, sir Matthew whose obsequies were very reverently performedl on the second day went to his lodgings in search of his master, whonm he found very after their arrival. His body was placed in a tomb of stone, with melancholy, looking out of a window. " What has brought you the banner of Douglas suspended over it. Of tlhis earl of Douglas, here, sir James?" was the first salute of sir Matthew. Sir James, God save his soul! there was no issue, nor do I know who succeeded interrupting his melancholy thoughts, advanced to meet him, bade to the estate of Douglas; for when I, the authority of this history, him good day, and replied, " By my faith, Redman, ill luck; for I was in Scotland, at his castle of Dalkeith, during the lifetime of had no sooner parted with you, and was returning home, than I fell earl William, there were onlytwo children, a boy and a girl. There in with the bishop of Duirham, to whom I am prisoner, in like man- were enow of the name of Douglas; for I knew five han-nsome bro. ner as you are to me. I believe there will be no need of your com- thers, squires, of this name, at the'court of king David of Scotland ing to Edinburgh to obtain your ransom, for we may finish the busi- who were the children of a knight cllled sir James D:uglas.t The ness here if my master consent to it." " We shall soon agree as to carl's arms, of three oreilles gules on a field or, descended to them that," replied Redman: "but you must come and dine with me; but I am ignorant to whom fell the land.I You must know, that the for the bishop and his men have marched to attack your countrymen. sister of Archibald Douglas whom I have often mentioned as a gal I know not what success they will have, nor shall we be informed lant knight, and mae much feared by the English, was a bastard. till their return." " I accept your invitation," answered Lindsay. When they had finished the business which had brogliht them to In such manner did these two enjoy each other's company in New- Melrose, they departed, each to his own country; and those who had castle. prisoners carried them with them, or ransomed theimi before they left The barons and knights of Scotland, on being informed of the Melrose. In this manner the English found the Scots very courteous bishop of Durham's approach with ten thousand men, held a council, and accommodating, which pleased them much, as I learnt at the whether to march away or to abide the event. On mature considle. castle of the count de Foix from John de Chateauneuf, who had been ration, they resolved on the latter, from the difficulty of finding so made prisoner under the banner of the earl of March and DuLLnbar: strong a position to defend themselves and guard their prisoners, of he praised the earl exceedingly for his generosity in allowing him to whom they had many. These they could not carry away with them, fix his ransom at his pleasure. Thus did these men-at-arms separate, oni account of the wounded, nor were they willing to leave them be- having very soon and handsomely settled the amountof the ransoms hind. They formed themselves in a strong body, and had fortified for their prisoners, who by degrees returned to their homes. lttwar their camp in such a manner that it could be entered by only one told me, and I believe it, that the Scots gainied two hundred thoupass. They then made their prisoners swear, that rescued or not sand francs firom the ransoms; and that never since the battle of they would acknowledge themselves prisoners. Whben this was all Bannockburn, when the Bruce, sir William Douglas, sir Robert de done, they ordered their minstrels to play as merrily as they could. Versy and sir Simon Frazer pursued the English for three days, have The Scots have a custom, when assembled in arms, for those who they had so complete nor so gainful a victory. are on foot to be well dressed, each having a large horn slung roun.d When the news of it was brought to sir Archibald Douglas, the his neck, in the manner of hunters, and when they blow all together, the horns being of different sizes, the noise is so great it may be * The ransoms were estimated at 200,000 francs. Rolbert Itl. granted to Henry Presheard four miles off, to the great dismay of their enemies anr their t for tle rodemmption of Ramphi Percy, the lands and baronies of Frondin. Aberdeen The Scots commanders ordered this sort of music shire, the town of Fyvie, and place thereof; the town of Meikle Gaddies, the five marl own delight. The Scots commanders ordeded this sort of music now land of Park-hill. Scot Cal. f. 104. Froissartapparently errs in the name of his captor to be played. yet Mar Ihad 201. a year foir a thirdl of it, the whole of it exceeding 60l. —PIMERTON.ro's The bishop of Durham with his banner, under which were at least Hist. o.f Scotland, vol. ii. p 41. note. ten thousand men, had scarcely approached within a league of the t Earl James Douglas marriedi the lady Isabella Stuart, daughter of king Robert II.. Sco,,~~, when they began to play s~a~s if aland miring wuthout lawthl issue, was succeeded by his brother, Archibald lord Galloway, Scots, when they began to play such a concert, that it seemed -scalled Archilld time G in. This last was tte issue of earl Willanm's second marriage all the devils in hell had come thither to join in the noise, so that with Margmmr.et, dauughmter of Patrick earl of March.-CRaW FOkwro's Peerage ef Seethose of the English who had smever before heard such, were much mab t. frightened. This concert lasted a considerable time, and then ceased. Tiueaos, according to Crawfmrd, must he wrong; fur, in his Peerage, time n Atre westcrhibed as "Fsour coats qmuarter y; i. Azisre, a lion rampant, crowned with an. Af'ter a pa.use, when thley thought thep Eng!ish were withiln half a im[~e~rias l crosssn, or; 2. A lion rampant guiles, surmountest of a risbbon sable: 3. Or, a league, they recommenced it, continminr it as Ion~ as hefits're w e re' e iehane, izure and argent, surmmmmmte d of a bend sable, chiarged with live buckles, it again c eased. The bishop, ho-muver, kept a-imdvancigr with hi:s i sm4. Atmort, three smlles ssles, over all, i a ssielsi of peremnse t.ent, a insest, sulas, men in battle-array until they caine withim si'mht oc tir i v tsVo enumrmsem wills ins mrarmi S emmuva mm mrS iS cimis mirsre, tisre imnliet Sm, tirwo iribow-shots off: the Scate then hbra'n to platr lim S ilia i mm 1 r" d irm emm lemmas mm m a'sum rim~ -mtt~ mialmrmhi thime lustef: risim immm, a,-id om ths..inis~rmmmrr hy' t.a g l'r~':r' c'..':' mnnter vormitirmg fire: inattro,..[ttlrmm,' emi ms -c, r. for a longer time, duringm wh-ich the bishop exammnemi with mu mpsJs- mii a ommmmrt.im.t el'staeimmmameu 486 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. _._.. —...,earls of Fife and Sutherland, before Carlisle, where they were with they should negotiate with the king and his uncles, and entrest thai the larger division of the army, they were greatly rejoiced, but at the his country should remain in peace, on such terms as I shall men same time vexed that they had not been present. They held a tion. These two prelates, having laid the foundation for a peace. council and determined to rctreat into Scotland, since their compan. conducted the duke of Juliers into the king's presence, who was ions had already marched thither. In consequence, they broke up attended by his uncles, the duke of Lorraine, and other great barons their camp and reiJntered Scotland. of France of the blood royal, mrnd his council. On the duke's ap. We will now leave the English and Scots, and speak of the young preaching the king, he cast himself on his knees, and made very kIng of France, and the large army he marched into Germany to re. handsome excuses for the challenge his son had sent to France. HIe venge himself on the duke of Gueldres. told the king that his son was a madman; that he had never con. sulted him respecting this challenge, nor indeed in anything else, but always acted for himself. He offered his services to the king, and ~C H~APT E R CXXXI~. said, "My lord, with your permission, I will go to him, and sharply CH AP T ER C XX X. remonstrate with him on his follies, and order him to come and THE RING OF FRANCE ENTERS THE DUCHY OF LUXEGnO URG, UN HIS MARC make his apology to you and to your council. If he refuse to follow TO GSUELDRES. TIHE DUKE OF JULIERS, FATHER OF THE DUKE OF GUEL- my advice, and continue to act from his own headstrong will, I offer DRE.s, ~ARES E.XCUSES FOR HtS SON TO THE EtHNG OF FRANCE. H IS t DRES, MAES EXCUSS FOR HIS SON TO TH NG O FRANCE. HE IS to give you possession of all my inclosed towns and castles, for you GRACIOUSLY RECEIVED, AND HAS THE TERRITORY OF VIERSON RESTORED to garrison with men-at-arms, and carry on the war against him until TO HIM, FOR WHICH HE PAYS HOMAGE TO THE KING. he shall submit himself to your mercy." The king, on this, looked WHEN the king of France and his army had crossed the Mouse at at his brother, his uncles, and council, as it seemed to him, and to the bridge of Morsay,* they took the road to the Ardennes and many who were present, a very fair offer. He made the duke rise, bishopric of Luxembourg, and had always in advance a large body who had hitherto continued on his knees, and said, " We will con. of pioneers to clear the bushes and level the roads. The king's sider what you have offered, anld the promises you make us." The army was very numerous, and well appointed. The duke of Juliers duke, having risen, remained with the two prelates who had brought and his subjects much dreaded their approach, for they knew they him thither; and the king retired with his uncles and privy counsel. should be first attacked; and the country of Juliers is so level that lors, to discuss the proposal that had been made them. the men-at-arms would in one day despoil the whole, excepting a This council lasted some time, and various propositions were few castles and towns which would perhaps make some little resist- made, each pressing his different plan. The duke of Burgundy was ance, but they could not hold out long. The king of France entered the most active, as indeed the matter more essentially affected him, Luxembourg, and was lodged for two days at the monastery where on account of his being heir, in right of his duchess, to the succesduke Winceslaus of Brabant had been buried. At his departure, sion'of the duchess of Brabant, and it was in truth owing to him he took the-road to Bastogne,t and encamped at the distance of a that the king had undertaken this expedition. He was therefore league from where the duchess of Brabant was lodged. The duch- very anxious that the quarrel should be amicably terminated, and a ess had notified to the duke of Burgundy her arrival at Bastogne, solid peace established between all parties, that there might not be who waited on her, and conducted her to the king's tent. The king any necessity for renewing the war; for the distance was great for received her very kindly; and, after they had conversed some time the king and lords, besides being very expensive, and heavy on the together, she returned to Bastogne, escorted by sir John de Vienne kingdom. After several had given their opinions, hlie addressed him. and sir Guy de la Tremouille. On the morrow the king continued self to the king, to the duke of Berry, and to all present, saying: his march until he arrived on the borders of Germany, ready to en- "My lord, and you brother of Berry, and gentlemen of the council, ter Juliers. But, before he had advanced so far, Arnold bishop of whatever is rashly or inconsiderately begun, generally ends badly. Liege had waited on him, and had exerted himself much to excul- We have heard our cousin, the duke of Juliers, excuse himself hand. pate the duke of Juliers, and to soften the anger the king of France somely, and we have heard the offer he has made, that his son shall bore him, as father to the duke of Gueldres; and had said to the do so likewise: he is of that gallantry and birth, being connected king and his uncles, that with regard to the imprudent and outrage- with me by blood, that we ought to believe what he has said. Ile ous challenge the duke of Gueldres had sent to France, he had never offers to the king his person, his country, his towns, and castles, in consulted his father on the subject, nor informed him of it until it case his son shall coitinue obstinate, and refuse to make any apology was done, and therefore his territories ought not to suffer for it. for his rash challenge. If we have the duke of Juliers on our side, These excuses, however, were not agreeable to the king nor to his the duke of Gueldres, whom we want to punish, will be so much uncles; and it was their intention, that unless the duke of Juliers the more weakened, that he will thte more dread us, and the sooner come in person, and made a morb satisfactory apology, putting him. bend to our will. I therefore advise that the excuses of the duke of self totally in the king's mercy, he and his country should be the Juliers and his offer be accepted, for he has greatly hunmbled himfirst to pay for it. The bishop of Liege, the barons of Hasbain,{ self; and the archbishop of Cologne, the bishop of Liege, with other and the magistrates from the principal towns, who had accompanied potent barons, entreat likewise that this may be done." the bishop, now offered the king and his uncles a free entrance for No one making any reply, it was unanimously agreed to; and the their army into their country, to pass and repass, and refresh them- archbishop and oishop, who had opened the negotiation, were called selves with provision on paying for it, and to remain there if they so in. They were told very minutely every act the duke of Juliers pleased. was to swear to perform, if he were desirous that his country should The king and his uncles thanked them for their offer, which they remain in peace. First, that he should go himself, or send to his did not reifuse, as they were ignorant how affairs would turn out. son, the duke of Gueldres, to remonstrate with him on his folly and The bishop returned to the duke of Juliers and archbishop of Co- impertinence, in sending so unusual and rude a challenge to so pow. logne, and told them all that had passed, that they might consider erful a prince as the king of France, and oblige him to come perof it. The duke of Juliers was very much alarmed lest his country sonally and submit himself to the mercy of the king, if he did not should be ruined, and sent'for all those knights that were depend- satisfactorily excuse himself. Should the duke of Gueldres refuse ent on him, to have their advice, for the French were daily ap- compliance, through pride and weakness of understanding, and per. preaching. The lord de Concy commanded the vanguard, of one sist in his opinion, then the duke of Juliers was to engage, on his thousand spears; and with him were the duke of Lorraine and the oath, not to afford him the least support, hut, on the contrary, to viscount de Meaux, with about two hundred lances more. unite himself with his enemies, and to assist the army of the kinsg, When the French were near the borders of Germany, they which during the ensuing winter would be quartered throughout the marched in a more compact body, and took great precautions in their country of Juliers, in order to be ready to carry on the war against encampments; for a body of three hundred Linfars,~ from the op- the duke of Gueldres; and all towns and castles, belonging to the posite side of the Rhine, had collected together on their line of duke of Juliers, shall receive, on the most friendly footing, the men. march. These are the greatest robbers and plunderers in the world; at-arms of France. and they hovered alongside the French army, to take advantage, of These two prelates, who had been solely called to the council to any negligence on their part. The French were suspicious cf them, remonstrate touching these matters with the duke of Juliers, repeated and dared not attempt foraging but in large bodies. I believe the to him what they had heard, adding such weighty reasons, that the lord Boucicaut, the elder, and sir Lewis de Grach, were made pris- duke assented to the terms: indeed, he saw he must do so, if he oners by them, and carried to Nimeguen. These Germans rode wished to preserve his country firom ruin. He therefore solenemnly through by-ways, and, like birds of prey, night and morning fell upon swvore to observe faithfully all the articles of the treaty. and to renmain, the French wherever they found a favorable opportunity; and this a firm friend to the king and to his uncles, for which his duichy was had made them more careful. saved from being despoiled: but forage, of which there was enough, When the king of France was come to the confines of Juliers, was completely given up to the French. Thus did the duke of Ju andthe vanguard and foragers had already entered it, the duke, un- liers become liege rtan to the king of France, and paid honomage for willing that his country should be destroyed, listened to the advice the territory of Vierson, situated betv;een Blois and Berry. He sup. of the archbishop of Cologne and bishop of Liege, and consented ped that night with the king: it was on a Thursday; and there were seated at the king's table, first, the bishop of Liege, the archbishop of "'Motsay." Q. Mouson, or Mezieres. Cologne, the king, the duke of Butgundy, the duke of Tourains, he t" Bastogne,' or Bastognack, is a smnall town in tse duchy of Luxembourg: it was duke of Juliers, and the duke of Boutbon. formerly more considterable, and called the Paris of the Ardennes. 1" H1sasbain," a small territory in the circle of Westphalia; it forms the orincipa. part of the'bislsopric of Liege. ~ Leiehtfertig —vagabonds, fi'eebooters. —ED. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 487 The duke of Juliers, having made his preparations, set out with C H A P T E R CXX X II. the archbishop of Cologne for Gueldres, and having crossed die river KING CHARLES VI. QUART1ERS 1II ARMITY, ON A FRIENDLY FOOTING, IN THE Waal, arrived at Nirneguen, where the duke of Gueldrcs then resided~ DUCHY OF JUIERS. SQUIRE OF AUVERN IS MURDERED Y D He received them most affectionately, as was but right, for what tie DUCHY OF JULIERS. A SQUIRE OF AUVERGNE IS MURDERED BY A WOOD- is nearer than that of father or mother? He had before heard that WHOM HE LEADNG AWAY AS HIS RISONER. the duke of Juliers had made his peace with the king of France, Sucu was the conclusion of the treaties between the king of France which was not very pleasing to him, but he had no occasion to show and the duke of Juliers, by which the last enjoyed peace, although his dislike to it. Thile duke of Juliers and the archbishop remontile king quartered himself and his army in his duchy, which he found strated with him for some time on the situation he and his country a rich country, and full of every kind of provision. The duke of were in. At first he paid no attention; for he had so strongly con. Juliers went to his son, but not immediately, and in the interval some nected himself with the king of England, hlie could not imnlediately gallant feats of arms were done; for the Germarns were so eager of break it off, nor had he any inclination so to do, for his heart wa4 gain, that they firequently, during the night or at very early morn, devoted to the English. He argued the matter with them obstinately, beat up the quarters of the French: sometimes they got the advan- declaring he would abide the event; and if, from the arrival of the. tage, at other times they were made prisoners; but for one German king of France with an army, he should suffer any loss, he was young that was taken, they made four Frenchmen prisoners in return. In and might at other times revenge himself on France or on the Braconsequence, the constable of France, the lord de Coucy, the duke of banters their allies; adding, that in war the chances are uncertain, Lorraine, the marshal de Blainville, sir John de Vienne, and the lord and no prince can undertake one without expecting loss as well as de la Tremouille, assembled their men, to the amountt of itout four gain. thotsand men-at-arms, and nmarlched toward a town in Gueldres This language greatly enraged the duke of Juliers, who said, called Relnogne,* and drew up in handsome array before it. At this " William, how will you carry on the war? and from whom do you time the duke of' Gueildres was within it, and thought highly of their expect compensation for your losses?" "The king of England and appearance; but he made no sally against them, for his force was his power," -'eplied he; "and I am very much astonished I have had not equal to attempt it, which vexed him much. The French men- no intelligence of their fleet; for if they had kept their engagemnient, at-arms remained four hours drawn up in order of battle before the by which they were to come hither, I would more than once lhave place; but when they saw that none came out to oppose them, they beaten up the French quarters." " Do you wait for them, William?" retreated to their quarters. -asked the duke of Juliers. "The English have so much on their It happened that this same evening several knights and squires as- hands at this moment, they cannot give you any assistance. There sembled at the lodgings of the duke of Berry, with the intent of is our cousin. the duke of Lancaster, at Bayonne, who has left Cas. making an excursion on the morrow into the enemny's country in tille with the shattered remains of his army, having lost the greatel search of adventures. They each, to the amount of about one hun- part by sickness, and by that the season for making war. He is so. dred lances, pledged themselves to this; but, when the morning came, liciting reinforcements of men-at-arms and archers from England, bul the project was broken off A squire firom Auvergne, called Gourdi- will n.t obtain twenty spears. On the other hand, the English have nois, a valiant mani-at-arnis, and serving under the banner of the lord lately experienced a severe overthrow in battle with the Scots neat d'A1tgre, finding this exursion laid aside, was much vexed thereat; Newcastle-on-Tyne, in Northumberland, in which all the chivalry of and, speaking of it to some of his companions of as good courage as the north have been made prisoners or slain. England, besides, ir himself, they collected about thirty spears, and rode out that morning, I not uilanimous in their affection to the king; you will therefore act but met with no adventure. Gourdinois was so desirous of feats of wisely not to depend on the English at this moment, for you will not arms, that he felt sorely the disappointment of returning without have assistance from them, nor trom any other quarter. I would having struck a blow, and said to his companions; "Do you ride onil therefore advise that you suffer us to manage for you, and we will gently, while I and my page will skirt this wood, to see if there be pacify the king of France, and make up this quarrel without your any ambucades, or any persons within it, and wait for me at the being dishonored or a loser from it." "My lord," answered the foot of yonder hill." Having asselnted to this, Gourdinois and his duke of Gueldres, "how can i with honor accommodate my differpage left them, and rode alongside the wood. They had not ad- ence with the king of France? were I to have my country ruined, vanced far, when hle heard some one whistle: he instantly stuck and be forced to go and live elsewhere, I would not do it: I a-m spurs into his horse, and came to a hollow road, where lihe found a strongly bound to the king of England; and for him I have defied Gueldrelander squaring tinmber. Gourdiinois seized his spear, and the king of France. Do you think," added he, "that for his menaces charged the man full gallop, to his great astonishment, and made I will recall my word or break my engagement? You only wishmy signs to him to follow him; for he said to himself, "At least, I shall disgrace. I entreat you, therefore, to leave me to myself; I will show to my companions, that I have done something by Inaking this make head against the French, for their threats do not alarm me. man my prisoner, and he may be of some use to us in our quarters." The rain, wind, and cold we'ather will make war for me; and before He now set out on his return, riding on a small hackney, followed the month of January be arrived, they willbe so worn down, that by the woodman on foot, with a large axe on his shoulder with which the boldest among them wil wish to be at home." he had been working. The page of Gouardinois was behind mounted Neither the duke of Juliers nor the archbishop of Cologne could, on his courser, bearing his helmet and dragging huis lance, half asleep at this first interview, prevail on the duke of Gueldres to change his from having left his bed too early. The German, who knew not resolution, though they were six days laboring at it, and daily in whither he was going, nor what might be done to him, thought he council. At length the duke of Juliers, finding his arguments of no might as well attempt to escape: lhe therefore advanced close to avail, was so angry, as to say to him, " that: if he did not pay more Gourdinois, and with his uplifted axe smote him such a blow on the attention to his advice, he would displease him greatly, insomuch head as split his skull to the teeth, and laid him dead on the ground. that he should never inherit one foot of his duchy of Juliers, which The page, friom his distance and sleepiness, neither saw nor heard he would dispose of to another, who should be powerful enough to anything of the matter; aad the peasant ran to hide himself in the defend it against him;" adding, "that none but a fool refused counwood, from which he was not far off. Those who heard of this un- sel." The duke of Gueldres, seeing his father inflamed with pas. fortunate accident were much distressedi; for Gourdinois was well sion, replied by way of softening matters-:. "Advise me, then, how beloved by all who knew him, particularly by his countrymen in with honor I iaiy act; and since you desire it, from my love to you,. Auvergne, for he was the man-at-arms most dreaded by the English, I will pay -attention to it; for I assuredly owe you all obedience, and and the person who had done theni most mischief. He would never shall never in that be wanting." "Now," said the duke ofJuliers,. have been suffered to remain a prisoner, though twenty thousand " you speak well and to the purpose; and we will consider the francs had been asked for his ransom. matter." We will now return to the duke of Juliers. It was then determined, after many and long consultations, that' the duke of Gueldres should wait on the king of France, and pay him the honor and, respect befitting so great a prince, and should ex.CHAP T ER CXXXII I. cuse himself for having sent him such a challenge, in similar words: to those: "My lord, it is very true that a letter, sealed with my sig. VTHE DUKE OF JULIERS AND ARICHBISHOP OF COLOG-NE LEAVE THE HING OF FRANCs, AND GO TO THE DPURKE OF UETORES AT NIMEGUEN. BDY THEIR net, was sent into France and delivered to you, in which was con.. FRANCE, AND G-O TO TtlIE DUKE OF G-UELDRES AT NII;iIEGUBEN. BY THtEIR RMONSTRANCES AND NOTIAIoNS, OBTAINS PEACE iTH THE KIN tained a challenge drawn up in very ourrageous terms, and contraryROF FRANCE AND DUCHGOIBrESS OF BORAB ANT. PA \II E to such as are generally used in the lika cases, when princes or lords: OF FRANCE AND DUCHII~SS OF ]31lABANT. defy each other; but this [ disavow, as never having been uttered:, You have before heard how the dukie of Juliers made his peace firom my mouth, nor written by nay commands, as I would be far' with the king of France, through the mediation of the two purelates firom defrrming your hanue or ranlk. For the confirmatioa of what I! already mentioned anid the duke of Lorraine llis cousin, who h1ad taken now say, and to remove all doubts, I must inform you, that at: the decgreat pains in the business, and had gone to seek htim in the town sire of niy much-redoubted loud, the king of England, and his courtnof Atdesk,l wheunce he Ihad brought him, with thie archbishuoup of cil, with whona I have entered into very close alliance, I sent toCologne, to a conference with the king of' France and ris uncles. England four of my knights to whom I int,'usted my signet, for them, The duke h1d then promised to oblige hiu son, the duke of Gueidres, to seal whatever might be required of them. Thaey were to writeto submit himnself to the kling, otherwise he was to unite with the and seal, and not I: so that I never knew the contents of the letter: king in his war against him. These terms he was forced to comply sent to France until it had been sealed. Be pleased, therefore, towith, or his duchy would have been destroyed. accept of this as my apology, for it is the truth. With regard to my oath of allegiance to my redoubted lord, the king of England, I am~ *C "gemogne."',' $' Atdeke." Q,, 488 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. resolved to adhere to it, and to obey, as far as in me lies, whatever might befal them. The earl of Arundel, wiih twenty.seven other'he may command, whether to challenge you, and assemble my for- vessels, made for the harbor of la Palice, two leagues distant firon la ces, wherever he may please, to oppose you or any other prince, ex- Rochelle, where he anchored: indeed, he was forced so to do, for cept my natural lord, the emperor of Germany: for to him I have the wind was contrary and he could not leave it. When news was personally sworn my homage in the fullest manner. But out of re. brought of this to la Rochelle, the townsmen were much alarmed, spect and honor to you, and as some recompense for the trouble and thinking the English intended attackring the place: they closed thei! charges you have had, in corning to this distance to learn the truth gates, and remained guarding them for a day and a half. Intelligence of this challenge, I am willing to swear, and that oath I will punctu- came firom la Palice, that the force of the English amounted to ne ally keep, that, henceforward, I will never make any war upon you more than twenty-two vessels, driven thither by stress of weather, nor your kingdom without having first given you one year's notice and desirous only of putting to sea again; that, however, the earl of of my intention; and, my lord I hope you will think this sufficient." Arundel, sir Henry Beaumont, sir William Elmham, and upward of The duke of Gueldres replied, that all this he would willingly say: thirty English knights, were there. The Rochellers, on this con. for it did not seem to him to convey anything blameable or dishon- suited how to act; and, having well considered the matter, they said orable. they should not do their duty if they did not march to skirmish with Upon this being settled, the duke of Juliers and the archbishop the enemy. departed and returned to Juliers, and thence to Endesker.* At a At this period, the lord Lewis de Sancerre, marshal of France, was proper season they waited on the king of France, and related to him arrayed and marshalled before the castle of Bouteville, with a large and his uncles every particular which had passed between them and body of the chivalry of Poitou, Saintonge and other parts, and had the duke of Gueldres; and, that the matter might be immediately there inclosed William de Sainte Foix, a Gascon; for all men-at-arms considered, they added, there could not anything more be obtained had not accompanied the king of France, and the lord de Sancerre from his son. The king of France was so desirous to see his cousin was lieutenant of the country from Montpellier to la Rochelle, during the duke of Gueldres, who had given him such trouble, that he as- the absence of the lord de Coucy with the army in Germany. The sented to the terms of the treaty. The duke of Burgundy was also Rochellers determined to send information of the arrival of the Eng. anxious that the territories of the duchess of Brabant should remain lish to the lord de Sancerre, who on hearing it was much rejoiced. in peace, and took pains that this treaty should be agreed to, and He ordered the townsmen to arm six or eight galleys, and to embark that the duke of Gueldres, on the strength of it, should come to them. on board, for he was on his march to combat the English. This they There was also another reason for their consenting to it: winter was did; and sir Lewis broke up his siege and marched away, thinking approaching, and the nights were already cold and long. The it would be more to his honor and profit to engage the earl of Arun. French lords were told that Gueldres was a miserable country to del and the English knights lying at anchor, than to continue the winter in, and they daily received information of losses of knights, siege, for he could again return to this at his pleasure. squires, and horses, that had been captured by the ambushes of He came to la Rochelle, followed by a large body of knights and these Linfars. squires. I know not by what means, but the earl of Arundel had From all these reasons, matters were so far concluded that the information at la Palice, that the marshal of France with a powerful duke of Gueldres came to the French camp, and was introduced by company of knights and squires was marching to attack him. Thu the duke of Juliers his father, the duke of Lorraine his cousin, and news was not very agreeable to him; but fortunately the weather had the archbishop of Cologne, to the king's tent. There were present, becom.e calm, and he instantly gave orders to weigh anchor and put at this interview, the king's uncles, his brother the duke of Touraine, to sea. This was speedily effected: had they waited longer they the duke of Bar, the count de la Marche, the count de St. Pol, the would have been surrounded within the haven, and every one of his count dauphin d'Auvergne, the lord de Coucy and the constable of vessels must necessarily have been taken, for not one could have France. On his entrance the duke of Gueldres cast himself on his escaped. The galleys from la Rochelle, fully armed with cannons knees before the king; but I heard that the king made him rise, (i and other artillery, appeared in sight, steering for la Palice, as tho this matter, however, I know nothing but what I learnt from others,) English were under sail. They chased them two leagues, saluting and that he boldly excused himself for the challenge, in the terms them with their cannon, but dared not follow them further, for fear you have before heard. The king accepted his apology: and he of the dangers of the sea. They therefore returned to la Rochelle; then declared, on his oath, that if lie were ever again to challenge but the marshal of France was much angered against them, for hay. or make war otn France, he would send notice of it one year before- ing been so tardy to inform him of the arrival of the enemy. hand. Thus did Gueldres and Brabant remain in a secure state, The earl of Arundel sailed for the mouth of the Garonne, to repail and those who had expected the most were the greatest losers. to Bordeaux; and the siege of Bouteville was put an end to, for Wil Everything being now settled, the duke of' Gueldres supped with liam de Sainte Foix, during the time the marshal had gone, as he the king of France at his table: and I must say he was much looked thought, to fight the English, had provided his castle with all things at, for the great plague he had given them. These treaties were necessary for a long defence. fairly written and sealed; and, when all was done, the lords took We will now return to the duke of Lancaster, and speak of hib leave of each other: but, before the duke of Gueldres departed, he negotiations with the king of Castille and duke of Berry respectinig requested that the prisoners the French had made in this war might the marriage of his daughter. The king of Castille was desirous olf be given up, which was agreed to in the manner he desired. The having her for his son, as the means of peace with England. The king of France demanded that all prisoners made firom him should duke of Lancaster was wise and prudent: he saw that the most ad likewise be set at liberty; but the duke of Gueldres excused himself, vantageous alliance for himself and for his country was Castille, i. saying: "My lord, that cannot be done: I am a poor man, and preference to the duke of Berry; for by it he should recover the in when I heard of your march hither, I strengthened myself as much heritance of Castille for his daughter, in times to come. If he gavy, as possible with knights from the other side of the Rhine and else- her to the duke of Berry, and he should die befiore her, she would bi wher,, agreeing with them that everything they might take should poor in comparison with other ladies; for the duke had children by be their own property. It is not possible for me, therefore, to de- his first marriage, who would be entitled to all his landed property spoil them of what I have given, nor have I the power so to do; The duchess of Lancaster was likewise more inclined to the conne: and, should I attempt it, they would make war upon me. Be pleased, tion with Castille, so that when sir Helion de Lignac had left th, therefore, to let this matter remain as it is, for I cannot remedy it." duke, on his return to the duke of Berry in Germany, the commis The king, perceiving he could not obtain anythitng more, bore it as sioners from the king of Castille came forward, and pushed the mat well as he could, withcut adding a word in reply, and comforted ter so warmly, that the marriage was agreed and sworn to, betwee himself on the greatness of his power that could enrich so many poor the lady Catherine and the son of the king of Castille. Proper con persons. They'took leave of each other mutually satisfied, and or- tracts were drawn up and sealed, with covenants to prevent ant ders were given for the army to march back to France. It was said, danger of breaking off the match; and the duchess consented, wheo the king would hold the feast of All-saints in the city of Rhieims. the whole should be concluded, to conduct her daughter into Castillc I will now say a word of the English fleet. CHAPTER CXXXV. CH AJP T E C X XX I V. C H A P T ER C~X XXI V. THE KN'G OF FRANCE, WHILE ON THE FRONTIERS OF JTJLIERS, HAS PAO -.:E EARL OF AaUNDEL AND HtiS FLEET ARE DRIVEN B STOaRMS TO LA OF HIS CAMP sURPRISED, AND SEVERAL PRISONERS MADE, BY SOME GEN'PALICE, NEAR LA ROCHELLE. THE LORD. LEWIS DE SANCERRE, HAVING MAN PILLAGERS. THE KING, BEING TWENTY-ONE YEARS OF AGE,r TAKR.HAD INFORMATION OF THIS, CHASES THESI AT SEA, BITT IN VAIN. THE ON HIMSELF THE GOVERNMENT OF HIS KINGDOM. HE SENDS TO TFi;DUKE OF LANCASTER MARRIES HIS DAUOGHTER TO THE HEIR OF CASTILLE. IING OF CASTILLE, ON HEARING OF THE MARRIAGE OF IIIS SON WVIT) BIEFORE the king of France went to Gueldres, and during' the Pine T nPUeuvsa OF TOE DOE OF LANCASTER, TO REMONSTRATE WITS,,ewas there, the English fleet under the command of the earl of 151M NOT TO NTEi INTO ANY TREATIES THAT MAY BE PREJUDICIAL TQ Arundel kept hovering along his consts, just as the wind drove them, HIM OR TO HIS KIN DON.:insearch of adventures. You must know, thsat generally fionl the THE king of France was still on the borders of Juliers, (for you r:irst of October to All-saints day the weatherais stormy; but this year have heard on what grounds peace had been made between Ihim and aitwas unusually so, which shattered the English fleet, and there was the dukes of Juliers and Gueldres,) though on his march with the ino seaman on board, however bold he miaht be, but was firightened army back to France, when, one clear moonlight night, as they were rat'its violence, which forced the ships to run to any port lest worse encamped on the confines of Germany, some German robbers. svhe'Ra(I~sndeskrer " 61. - -- j would never accept of any terms of peace, made, about midnight, aa CHIRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 489 aIttack on the French. These men were under the lord de Blanque- We will now for a while leave him, and say something of Geoffry nemen and sir Peter de Aremberg, and came well mounted, to ob- T6te-noire and the siege of Ventadour, in which he was inclosed; serve where they could make the severest attack on the camp. They but we must first speak of the duke of Berry, whose impatience to passed the quarters of the viscount de Meaux, but found him and his marry again was shown within the year, when he took to himself a men on their guard; and, having gone backward and forward with- wife of whom I shall speak, and say who she was, and where he out saying a word, they returned, to give an account to their leaders, was married. at their ambuscade, of what they had seen. Shortly after, a large body of these Germans made an irruption on the French camp, overthrowing I know not how many, and making fourteen men-at-arms CHAP ER CXXVI. n ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C HA PT ER C XX X VI. prisoners. The lord de la Vieville and the lord de Montkarel were amo tl tth- number, in consequence of great neglect in not having THE DUKE OF BERRY, BEING DISAPPOINTED IN ItIS MARRIA-E WI-It THR placed snfiPcient guards. When it was known, on the morrow, that DAUGHTER OF THE DUKE OF LANCASTER, SENDS TO THE COUNT DE FOIX these twNo lords were made prisoners, the army were much vexed at TO DEMAND THE DAUGHTEI OF THE COUNT DE BOULOGNE, WHOM NE HAD it, and ever af'terwards were more attentive to their guards. IN WARDSHIP. When the kitn left Juliers, none of the garrisons remained behind: F duke oferry, having been disppoited in ma the dagh sir William de Ia Tremouille and sir Gervais de Merande joined him, ter of the duke of Lancaster, was told that the couni de oulogne,ter of the duke of Lancaster, was told that the counl de Boulogne and the Brabantters retired to their own homes. While on the march, had a beautiful daughter called Jane, by the lady Eleanor de Coni.and imnmcdiatcly on the king's return to France, it was determined, minges; that she was not ivith her father nor mother, but in the by great deliberation of the council, that the king, who had since the by git elielon of the council, that te kig, who hadsince the country of Bearn with his good firiend and cousin the count de Foix; death of his father been under the management of his uncles, should that she had been educated by the count, in his caste of Orthos, for now talke on hiniself the government of the kingdom, which his the space of nine years, and he had the wardship of all her property; uncles oust resign into his hands, as they had enough to do else. and that her father and mother had not any way interfered sce she 9 tD ~~~~~~~~~~~and that her fatther and mother had not any way interfered since she where, and the king had now entered his twenty-first year. When had been under the care of the count, nor had the young lady cost had been under the care of the count, nor had tile young lady cost this was made public, it gave universal satisfaction. this~ wa male poblic, it gave universal satisf citio. them anything; that she had been often demanded in marriage, but I believe the king, with his uncles and brother, kiept the feast of the count d Foix had turned a deaf ear, saying, se wa yet too A1.-sa-agat heis; nd hatthre heyfirt hardof eac bengthe count de Foix had turned a deaf ear, saying, she was yet too llsait at eims; nd that there they first heard of peace being young; and in particular by sir Bernard, brother to the count d'Arm. made be tween the king of Castille and duke of Lancaster, and of the marriage of the lady Catherine with the infant. The king of France agnac, who had repeatedly pressed the matter, promisino, on the accomplishment of this marriage, to put an end to his war on Bearn lau2'hed an,:] joked mnuch with his uncle, the duke of Berry, saying; uhe an joe much with his ucle, the duke of Berry, saying and his claims on that country. Notwithstanding these fair promises, "iFi air uncle, you have failed in your intended marriage, for another F ncle, you have failed in your intended arrge, fr noter the count would not listen to him, but said that his cousin was too has seized the lady you meant for your bride. What do you say to young. He gave, however, other reasons to his confidential friends, this I? u-1, doets yourl courage stand?" T'he duke good- humroredly and said to sir Espaign du Lyon, "These Armagnacs must think me replied " My lord, if I have been disappointed in this,.I will address reat fool, when they as me to consent to my detruction. If I a great fool, when they ask me to consent to my destruction. If I myself elsewhere."l`1myseb elsl where "give them my cousin, I shall add to their strength and weaken myThose;, present begyen to murmur about this marriage, and to say, it t o prent hean to murmur abott this maige, and to say, it self. They already withhold from her by force her inheritance, in had not been concluded without some treaties of alliance having been it of er mothe, of C min e; for the count de Bologne is as rigOht of her mother, of Conmminges; for the count de Boulogne is as formed whtich min-ht be very prejudicial hereafter to France; for," nobody to oppose them." addedl some, who seented to be folly aware of the cotsequences, When the count d'Armagnac and his brother, sir Bernard, found *~should i~glanad, Ga-stitle, and Portugfal unite, and make wruo "suld tlinI Catille, and Portgal unite, and mae war upon they could not succeed, they spoke to the duke of Berry, during the us, they would be enabled to do us very serious mischief by sea and life of their aunt, his first duchess, that it would be a good match for land. It wdll. be riiht for the kiny of France to send some discreet his son John of Berry. The duke, in consequence, had sent properly person to prevent this wicked Ling, who has thus connected himself qualified persons to the count de Foix in Bdarn, to entreat that all with a dead man, (for the duke of Lancaster has neither money nor former animosities might he forgiven and forgotten, and that he:men,) fi'om entering into any treaties without the consent of the coun. men) fm enteing into ny etes without the consent of the coun- would consent to the marriage of his cousin and ward with his son cil of France; otherwise to say, the king would reduce him to the John: for that the count de Boidogne, her father, was very well state of the lowest varlet, with the siame ease with which he had satisfied that it should take place. raised him to his present state; for at this moment he has no ally The count entertained the envoys handsomely, btt excused himstrong enough to support himy. A war with Castille would now come strong enoh to suppot hin w it Castille would now coe self for not complying with their demand, as the lady was too young; very opportunely; and, after dethroning this wicked king, the -son of and because he had ost soemnlypromised and sorn to the cou In ~~~~~~and because he had most solemnly~promised and sworn to the couna bastard, the king might bestow the crown on his brother, the duke tess her mother, when she delivered her into his hands, that he would of Touraine, who'is mot over rich: he would govern it wis!y, and never betroth her to any person whatever without her knowledge. defend it valiantly.'How eould:his king of Castille-thinlk of enter. He would therefore keep his oath, and no one ought to attempt to iag into any treaty whatever Wiithtthe (hfite of Lancaster, unknown ing into any treaty whwh atevets wi the otte of Lancaster, unksnown make him break it. These were the excuses the count made; for to our kitg, who has so generously assisted zhim in his distress.; and ihe knew well that his cousin, the countess of Comminges, who rehad it not been for the blood of France, he must have lost his realm. sided with her brother-the count d'Urguel, in Arragon, would never He bhari.ains well, and has now done so; but let it be as we say, and t to her agltrs marriage with ay one connected with th consent to her daughter's marriage with any one connected with the he will be deserted and disgraced; and, in God's name, let such an Armaunacs. envoy be sent thither as will be attended to, and make him feel how The embassadors fom the due of Berry retuned, therefoe, uI ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~The embassadors fi'om the duke of Berry returned, -therefore,, unvery ill he has behaved." successfully; and in their absence'the count de Foix said, (as I learnt These murmiuringrs increased so much that the king, his uncles, Iiee muimurings increased so niucli thit the king, his uncles, from sir Espaign du Lyon) —" The -duke of Berry and his advisers stid council, deliberated whom they should send to remonstrate with must think me very weak and inrat, when they proose tht I thehinofCasilo, ha he eterno, a hs pri, itotretis wthmust think me -very weak and ignorant, when they propose that I the Iing of Castille, that he enter not, at his peril, into treaties with should reinforce my enemies. John of Berry is cousin to my adver. the duke of Lancastelr and the English any way detrimental to the saries, the Arm-agnacs: this match I will never consent to, and had crown of France:. If he had done so, or intended it, he was to be much rather marry her in England; and I have already had proposals told, that the power of France would debase him as much, if not from Henmy of Lancaster, son to the duke of Lancaster. If 1 were more, than it had exalted him; and that the king and his country not afraid of too much angering the king of Fiance, no one else would niot attend to any other tlniaog befo~re they had, completed his wod ot atted to ay oiier thig before they had completed his should have my cousin. At this monent I know not how to act; but destruction. It was long debated who would be the properest per- I will marry her to my own satisfaction, to prevent any of the Ariagson to send thither; for it wats agreed it should be some one of courage ncs hvin her aainst my will: for, as the whole depends ot y nacs having- her aazainst my will: for, as the whote depends on my and well spoken, as it wouldl be fiuitless sending simple persons on determination, I have no occasion to be melancholy, or to be very such a message. There were namied: the lord de Coucy, sir John anxious on this subject." de Vienne, admiral of France, and sir Guy de Ia Tremouille, and When the dulke of Berry knew for certain that the duke of Laneither- of these three would be fully qualified to go to Castillo. Hay- caster intended marrying his daughter with te infant of Castille, and M4 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~castder itned mallryings they dauhoser with tde Viennf;and t wfaCst, an ing considered all things, they chose sir John de Vienne;* and it was that there were no hopes of breaking it off, he was so pensive and told him, on thre part of' the king and his council: "1Admiral, mnake told him, ot te p-t of to ing and his council: " Admiral, make melancholy for five or six days, that those of his nearest relations inyour prcparations for a journey to Castille; you will have no other quired the cause of it. Having opened his mind to them, and comnthan credential letters. for it is enough that you are master of the sub-I t eedetti iters for it s enough that you are master of the sub- plained of his disappointmient, his council replied: "Sir, if you have ject ott which you are sent. Tell the king of Castille to read or failed with the lady Catherine of Lancaster, you may be more suchave read to him all the treaties of alliance; and promises of friend- cessful in another quarter, with te daughterof a great lord, and who, ship, wrlttn nve hucc foimnd and sworn to be tween the two crowns; in due time, will be a considerable heiress, thougl at thlis m nomnent and reuinmbei well all 51 e'owers you may receive from him or his slte is a little too youg fior your time of life; and I know not if' the mini~t-te on Slts sujsct, eh it we: may regulate our conduct accord-. count de Foix will not on this account mefuse his consent." "Is she mngly." All this, the admiral saidt, he would studiously attend to." the daughter of the count de Boulogne?" asked the duke. " Yes, my The adnitral was not long in moasamig preparations for his journey, lord." "In God's name," replied the duke, "let us make the trial.'1 and, having taken leave of the king and his uncles, left Paris, taking -t was not long aftei this before he wrote So te count de foix, to the road toward Burgundy; for he was desirous of visiting the pope signify to him, in the most friendly manner, that he would send to and his b~rother at Avignon, which lie did. him four knights of high quality, such as the count de Sancerme, the lord de ha Riviere, sir Guy de la Tremotille, and the viscoumt * According to Lopez d'Ayala, Moler de Mauny, the king's chamberlain, wasujoined d'Assy, to treat with him for his ward, the daughter of the count do fo v'.-"',ion tawith.it: John de Vimnne. —lt. 490 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. Boulogne, in marriage: and these lords were of such importance, as mean that Alleyn should have the sovereign command." "Sir," to justify him in putting implicit faith in them; but he begged of answered they, "we wili cheerfully do so, for you have well chosen."' him to send him a speedy answer to his letter, that these knights All the companions then took oaithsof obedience to Alleyn Roux, might not undertake a commission that would be unsuccessful. The and to his brother Peter. When this was done, Geoffiry T6te-noire count de Foix received handsomely the messengers who brought this again addressed them: "Well, my friends, you have complied with letter, anj wrote back by them to the duke of Berry, that he was my request, and I thank you for it. Because I wish you should par. very happy in the proposals he had made, and was ready to receive take of what you have helped me to conquer, I must inform you, the fr:ur knights either in Foix or in B6arn; but that the consent of that in that chest which you see yonder, (pointing to it with his tile count and countess de Boulogne must first be had. finger,) there is a sum of thirty thousand francs. I would acquit my The duke of Berry was well pleased on receiving such an answer, conscience and myself toward those who have faithfully served mre: and negotiated with one and another, during the winter, that his say, therefor,e, if you will truly fulfil the articles of my will." Having marriage might take placeijn the course of the summer. The busi. said they would, he continued: "In the first place, I leave the chapel ness, however, was not so ~oon accomplished; for the duke of Berry of St. George, within our walls, the sum of fifteen hundred firancs for knew well that the count de Foix was not a person to act hastily, repairs and additional buildings. I give to my mistress, who has and that there would be many questions and replies before the matter been faithfully attached to me, two thousand five hundred francscould be expected to be brought to a conclusion. He therefore pru- To Alleyn Roux, your governor, two thousand francs-To my valets.. dently carried on the treaty, by sending special messengers to pope de-chambre, five hundred francs-To my officers, fifteen hundrea Clement, who was nearly related to the young lady. The pope was francs. The surplus I thus dispose of: you are about thirty corn rejoiced at hearing his cousin would be so highly connected as with panions, all engaged in the same enterprise, and you should behave the duke of Berry, uncle to the king of France; and he wrote, in like brothers to each other, without envy, riot, or strife. The suwr consequence, to the count de Foix, to notify him in an honorable I have mentioned you will find in the chest: divide it, therefore, manner, that he would not on any account this proposal should be among you fairly and honorably; but should the devil get among rejected, for their families would be made by it. The count de Foix you, and you cannot agree, here is a well-tempered sharp axe, cut received letters from all quarters; for he could, on such occasions, open the chest, and let those who canll seize the contents." To this well dissemble his real se-utiments, and yet retain the affections of speech, they unanimously replied, "Lord and master, we will not all, the pope as well as the duke of Berry; but there were none so disagree. We have so much loved and feared you, we will never wise among them, that knew what were the count's real thoughts. break the chest, nor disobey any of the orders you have given us." We will now leave this matter, and return to the siege of Venta- Such as I have related was the will of Geoffry TUte-noire, who dour. only lived two days more, and was buried in the chapel of Saint George in Ventadour. All his legacies were paid, and the overplus CHAPTEBR CXXXVII. divided among them according to his orders, and Alleyn Roux with his brother Peter were obeyed as governors of the castle. The GEOFFRY TETE-NOIRE IS WOUNDED IN TOE HEAD, AT A SIEIRtMISt, AND blockade, however, was not for this raised, nor were the skirmishes COMMITS EXCESSES WHICH CAUSE HIS DEATH. HE IMAKES A WIL, AND less frequent. The French knights and squires of Auvergne and SUBSTITUTES TWO GOVERNORS OF VENTADOUR IN HIS ROO0. Limousin were rejoiced at the death of Geoffry-TUte-noire, and were You have before heard how sir William de Lignac and sir John not so much afraid of those he had left behind, for he had been a Bonne-lance, with many knights and squires from Auvergne and most active and successful captain in war and in forming garrisons. Limousin, had besieged the castle of Ventadour, and Geoffry Tote- We will now return to the duke of Gueldres for a short time, and noir within it. It was so strong, that it could not be taken by storm; say what befel him at this season; having already mentioned the and he had laid in such stores of all things, as to secure a sufficiency trouble he had given to the king of France and his uncles, by forcing for seven or eight years, without anything new being added. The them to march to the borders of his country, and then to return besiegers, who had surrounded it with blockhouses, came at times without doing him any considerable damage. to skirmish at the barriers; and it happened that, at one of these, Geoffry Tkte.noire advanced so far that he was struck on the head by a bolt from a cross-bow, which passed through the helmet and cap underneath, and wounded him so severely as to occasion him to CHAPTER CXXXVIII. be carried to his bed. His companions were much vexed at this, THE DUKE OF CTUELDRES IS MADE PRISONER IN PRUSSIA; AlND, THOUGHI and, during the time he was in this state, all skirmishing ceased. DELIVERED BY THE KNIGHTS OF TIHE TEUTONIC ORDER, HE RETURNS TO Had he taken proper care of himself, he would have soon been cured KEEP Ills FAITH TO THE PERSON WHO HAD TAKEN HIM. of this wound; but he indulged himself in many excesses, particularly WHEN the duke of Gueldres perceived that the whole army of in fornication, for which he paid dearly enough by his death. He France had retreated, and that peace was established with the was warned of the consequences of this conduct, and told that hlie duchess of Brabant and his other enemies by means of the treaties, was in so rlangerous a condition, (the wound having become an im- the particulars of which you have heard related-one of the articles posthamne,) that it was necessary he should settle his affairs. He being understood to have been the surrender of the town of Grave did, and made his will in the way I shall relate. within the year, on such conditions as had been agreed on between He ordered the principal persons in his garrison, and those who him, the duke of Burgundy and the duchess of Brabant-and when had been the most used to arms, into his presence; and when they he found he had now nothing to do at home, under these circum. were come, he said to them, sitting up in his bed, "My fair sirs, and stances, I say, he reolved to mae an excursion into Prussia. H stances, I say, he resolved to make an excursion into Prussia. He companions in arms, I know I am in great danger of death: we have made prepaions accordingly, and, accompanied by many knights Zn ~~~~made preparations accordingly, and, accompanied by many knights been a long time together, and I have been a loyal captain to you all, and squires of his own and other countries, began his journey thither to tie Imnost of my power; I should wish, therefore, to see, before about the octave of Saint Martin, taking his road through Germany. I quit this world, my successor appointed, who would gallantly be- Wherever he passed, he was handsomely received, and arrived or have himnself toward you and defend this castle, which I shall leave the territory of Prussia. I know not how it happened, but he and plentifully stocked with all necessary things, such as wines, provs- his company were waylaid in te plains, and attacked by a body of vl,-his company were waylaid in the plains, and attacked by a body of ions, and artillery. I therefore beg you will tell me if you have men-atarms, of whom they had no suspicion, and for that meason taken any steps, or have thought of electing any one able to govern they were overpowered. They lost their arms, horses, gold and and lead you as men-at-arms ought to be governed and led, for such silver plate, and were carried prisoners to a town hard by, where all has been my manner of carrying on the war; and in truth I cared who could ransom themselves did so: particularly the duke of Guelnoft*against whom. I did indeed make it under shadow of the king dres pledged himself to a squire called Arurant; his surname I am of England's namne, in preference to any other; but I have always ignorant of; and then the duke of Gueldres and his company were looked for gain and conquest, wherever they may be had; and such led to a strolg town of the duke de Stolpen, not that the duke was should be the conduct of adventurous companions, who are for deeds there in person. of armis and to advance themselves. Thlis country is very fertile: When the grandmaster and knights of the Teutonic order beard mnany go, —od compositi11ons have been made with it, though the French' l god copositos hve beemade with it, though the Frech that the duke of Gu.eldres had been attacked and made prisoner on now check them by their war; bmt this cannot always last, for their his road to Prussia, they were exceedingly enraged, and said it should bloc.-khouses and siege must have an end. Now, tell me truly, have not remain unpunished, otherwise tbey would be greatly blamed. any of you thought of the person who is to succeed rme?"1 ny of~ youa thought of the person who1 is to succeed me?" They instantly issued their summons for the attendance of their vas. The cormnpanions remaining silent, he again addressed them vith sals, and marched with a large force of men-at-arms from Commis. the utmost good-humnior, saying, " I can easily believe you have had er to the town hern the duke of Gueldres was detaine to u; d t will be moe rable if it came fro you than from taken but befoe he departed he waiteduke on the dures w as detained soe nversations togethe r-+ on, t I h a e -nt andr T -- ___l I I as us: you will therefore be plreased to inform s of our will. "es," aiid thus spoke: wh Duke of Gucldres, you are my prisoner, and I anm sail Getifry, "I will tell you, atnd name those I wish to succeed me. yourmaster.iYou, as a gentleman, have pledged your faith and Here is Alleyn Roux and his brother Peter, my cousins, who are oath, that wherever I should please to go, thither you would follow idc~o~l m~:n-n~t-~rms and of my bloodt I yluea, therlefore, me. I know not if you have sent for tle grand-master of the Teutonie cept of Alleyn as your governor, and that you will swear to him, in ey presence, loyalty and obedience, as well as to his brother; but I e * Commusbcr." Q.Koinisioer. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 491 order, but he is marching hither in such force that I do not think it visited by ally one. Sir John de Vienne, noticing this delay, spoke prudent to wait for him. Do you remain, if you please, but I shall of it to some of the council, whom he sometimes saw, declaring he carry away your faith with me." To this the duke of Gueldres would return without the answer. They suspected he would keep making no reply, the squire departed, and, having mounted his his word and do as he said, for in truth such was his intention. horse, rode off. to a castle of greater strength; but, on his going He was therefore invited to the palace, and such answers made away, he added, "You will find me at such a place," and named him, that, on his return, he told the king of France, and those who to him the castle, which was very strong, and far from all roads. had sent him, not to be under any uneasiness respecting the king of Hfe was no sooner gone than the grand-master arrived, with a con- Castille or his council, for they would never enter into any treaties siderable force: no one issued forth to oppose him: and, had he with England that should, in the smallest degree, be detrimental to found the squire within, he womld infallibly have put him to death. those which had been formed between France and Castille. If the Ile therefore returned tr Koningsberg, carrying the duke of Guel- king of Castille married his son to the daughter of the duke of Landres with him. caster, according -to the unanimous wish of his country, as the means I will relate what was the end of this event; for in whatever of obtaining peace, and extinguishing all claims on his crown, it country it was told, and especially in Germany, it was variously ought not to have given umbrage to the king of France nor to that spoken of, to the great astonishment of all lords who heard it. nation; for the king of Castille and his subjects were firmly resolved When the duke of Gueldres arrived at Koningsberg, having obtained to adhere to every point of the treaties existing between them and his liberty in the manner I have said, he considered that he had France. pledged his faith to return to the squire who had made him prisoner: Such was the purport of the answer sir John de Vienne had likewise remembering what the squire had said on his departure, he brought from Castille. The king of Castille and the duke of Lanwas mtuch cast down, and thought himself bounden in honor to ac- caster proceeded in the marriage, and a treaty of peace was amicably quit himiiself loyally toward him. He therefore told the grand-master agreed on between them, by the before-mentioned commissioners, he could not longer remain with him, nor for any dispensation or for the duke still resided in the Bordelois. He had come with his absolution would give up his intention of surrendering himself to his duchess and daughter from Bayonne to Bordeaux, where he vas master, in the castle where hie had been appointed to do so; which joyfully received, as they were desirous of his living among them, every one considered as an act of great honor. When this came to and thence had gone to Libourne.* the ears of his relations and subjects in Gueldres, they treated for When it was known for certain, in the castle of the count de Foix, his liberty, which they obtained through the means of the duke of that the king of Castille had made peace with the duke of Lancas. Stolpen, who took much pains in the business; but, before the duke ter, and had put an end to all his claims, by the marriage of his son would consent to his enlargement, he made the duke of Gueldres with the lady Catherine of Lancaster, to whom he had given extenswear, that neither himself; his heirs, nor any person attached to sive territories in Castille, besides a large sum to the duke, amounthim, would ever seek open or private revenge for the insult he had ing to two hundred thousand nobles, the count was greatly aston. received. Thus was the duke of Gueldres set at liberty; but in the ished, (for I was then present,) and said: " This king of Castille is a year 1388 did this misfortune befal him. Let us return to sir John poor creature, to make peace with a dead man; for I am sure the de Vienne, admiral of France, and relate what he said from the king duke of Lancaster was in so bad a way he knew not where to turn of France to the king of Castille. himself. On my faith," continued the count, "the duke is a man of ability, and has prudently managed this matter." -- Is~~~~~ -- It was about Christmas that the fleet of the earl of Arundel, which CHAPTER CXXXIX. had been hovering the whole year along the coasts of Brittuny, la Rochelle, Saintonge, and the Bordelois, came to the shores of NorIR JOHN DE vIENNE, HAVING RECEIVEoD HIS ANSWER FROM THE IRING mandy, and sailed by Carentan. It had indeed before landed at OF CASTILILE, RETURNS TO FRANCE. THE DUNE OF LANCASTER PRO- Cherbourg, and the earl seemed inclined to make war on that part CEDS IN THE MARRIAGE OF HIS DRAUGHTER TO) THE tNFANT OF CAS. of the country. The town of Carentan and its dependencies were TtLLE. THE EARL OF ARUNDEL, IhAVINTG MADE SOME CRUISES ON under the command of the lord de Hambre and the lord de Torci, TIHE COASTS OF NORMIANDY, RETURNS WITH HIS FLEET TO ENGLAPND. who had with them a considerable number of knights and squires of TILE admiral of France continued his journey until he arrived in Normandy. The earl of Arundel learning how strongly it was gar. Castille, when he inquired where the king resided. He was an- risoned, passed by, thinking he might lose more than he couldl gain swered, " Most commonly at Burgos," whither he then rode. Hay- were he to attack it, and fell on another town, called Torigny,t inug dismounted at his inn, he made himself ready to go to the palace; which he took by storm, and gained great wealth by plundering it. but as soon as the king's household heard of his arrival, he was vis- They carried away many prisoners, and marched to the barriers of ited by them, most honrorably, according to the custom of the coun- Bayeux, but only made a slight skirmish. The English passed the try, from tbeir attachment to the king of France, to whom they held fords of St. Clement, and did great damage to those parts; for they themselves much indebted, and he was conducted to the king's stayed there fifteen days without any one coming to oppose them. apartment. Sir John was kindly greeted by the king, to whom he The marshal de Blainville was indeed in Normandy; but he had gave his letters. The king toolk them, and called his council aside, no information of what was passing, or he would have provided a when, having read and'onsidered them, they found he had full remedy. The English having finished their expedition, and done powers given him, and sir John was called and bade to explain the one hundred thousand firancs of mischief to Normandy, made a pruocause of his coming. He, who was ready prepared, thus spoke, in dent retreat, and recrossing the fords, returned to Cherbourg, where handsome language: "Sir king, and you gentlemen of his council, they embarked their pillage safely on board the fleet: having weighed the king of France sends me hither, on account of the marriage anchor, they took to the deep, and landed at Southampton. Such which he has heard is about to take place between your son and the were the deeds done by this fleet, under the command of the earl aulglhter of the duke of Lancaster, who is, as you know, his enemy. of Arundel. fhe king of France anid his ministers are greatly at a loss to conceive how you could think of entering into any treaty of marriage or other C A T R C L. Z:D ~~~~~~~~~C H A PT ER C XL. engagement, without their being niade acquainted with it; for they say truly, that no union can be formed between children without THE LORD LEWIS DE SANCERRE VISITS THE COUNT DE FOIX AT ORTHES, great intiniacy and afifection of the parents being the consequernces. A DEED OF ARMS IS PERFORIIED, BEFORE THE DUKE OF LANCASTER AT They therefore tell you by my mouth, to be careful not to enter into BORDEAUX, BETWEEN FIVE FRENCH AND FIVE ENGCLIS MEN. ~ny trea ties thatr may be, prejudicial to the kning of France; and that y treties that may be prejudical to the king of Frnce; and tha THE lord Lewis de Sancerre, marshal of France, at this time resided those, so solemn~ly sworn to b bevdb h aekn eryu those, so sole swon to be observed y the late king floury, your at Toulouse or Carcassonne in Languedoc, and was well informed father, nobe lrelates, Dobles and cities of the realm, be no way in- of the treaties that were in agitatio between the duke of Berry and fringed, otherwise you will incur the pain of excommunication from the coun de Foix, for the ag f the daugher of the count de n ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~the count de Foix, for the, marriage of the daughter of the count de the pope, and the indignation of the king and barons of France, Boulogne, wom the duke wished to have, although the lady was Boulogne, wh.om thle duke wished to have, although the lady was whlom you will find, to your disgrace, your most bitter enemies. hisn you Iail finde to your disgrace, your most bitter enemies. very young. The marshal had a desire to visit the count de Foix at This is wvhat I an ordered to say to you from the king of France anmi his council.", Orlthbs, and I believe (from the information I had from his people he the king of Castille, and those present, ard such a re who found me there at Christmas,) the king of France had ordered Wproclln the king of Castle, and hose present, heard sucha re him thither, and I will relate on what errand. pr~bi[message fr'om the king of France, they w rsomuch Tl atnished, thathe lookda ea otr, t e ee Th le king of France was at this period very young, though anxious aston/shed, that they looked at each other, but not one attempted toth o te had never visited Languedoc, to manage his government well. He had never visited Languedoc,,hlalke "Illy reply. A bishop, however,' who happened to be there, itiade ARIIY~~~ r, m~whappened ere, hich is an extensive province filled With towns and castles, that had m:.ethe foltlowing answer: " Sir John, you are newly arrived inbena Irridetil f,~lwil~ nswr':L6Sil Jon, ouarenetlyarrvedinbeen almost ruined by the oppressions of the duke of Berry. Heavy this couantry, and tile kidg and ourselves are glad to see you, and bid ms undb h prsin ftedk fBry ev tt-;scointy, rin tleIii7~an ouseve ar gadto eeyo, ad idcomplaints of this had been made to the king when he took the you welcome. Fair sir, the king hsas perfectly hoard and understoodcopansfthsadbemdeotekigwnheokte younrt!c~nc Fairsir te Ii~ ha pefetlyherd nd ndrstodgovernment into his own hands; and he said he would travrel into your msessage, and you shall shortly, within a da y or two, have such gvrmn nohsonhns n esi exol rvlit o answe~r15 willgive you shatisfactl ion." "It is enough," replied Languedoc, and visit the pope, whom he had never yet seen; and,rlanser s ~il gie ou ati~jtio.'' L't i enug," epledhe was likewise desirous of seeing the count de Foix, of whoso sir John de Vienne, who then took leave of the king and council he as liews de of seein th cof and returned to his lodgings. It was reported to me, that he remained seven days without having any answer; that there was very great dissembling on this occasion, and he secame quite melancholy, * "teibourne," a town on the confluence oftlue Dordogne and Garonne, five xe.gue for he never saw the king, but remained -. his apartmeut, scarcely t "Torigay," a town in Normandy. three leagues from St. L6, eight from Coumances 492 CtHRONICLES OF ENGLAND FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. The marshal de Sancerre left Toulouse with full five hundred some force, and the days to lengthen, the duchess, having her array horse, rode to Tarbes in Bigorre, and thence to Orthes in Bearn. read., set out from Bordeaux, and went to Bayonne, where she parted The count de Foix, having had intimation of his corning, ordered from the duke, who returned to Bordeaux. She and her ladies con. the stewards of his household to have the town of Orthbs properly tinued their journey to the city of Dax, where they were joyfully prepared for his reception, as his visit gave him great pleasure. received, as that town belonged to England. They thi6re reposes These orders were punctually obeyed, and lodgings were marked out themselves for two days, and then pursued their road through tihe in the town for the marshal's attendants, but he himself dismounted country of the Basques, the pass of Roncesvalles, and entered Navarre. at the castle. The count de Foix went out of the town to meet him, At Pampeluna, they found the king and queen of Navarre, who re attended by more than three hundred horse, and received him most ceived them kindly: for the queen was sister to the king of Castille.'A kindly. The lord Lewis de Sancerre remained at Orthbs about six The duchess of Lancaster and her daughter were upward of a days; and he then acquainted the count of the king's intended jour- month traversing Navarre, for they resided at different parts with the ney into Languedoc, and his desire to see him.'. In good faith,".king and queen; and wherever they went all their expenses were replied the count de Foix, "he will be welcome there, and I willi defrayed. On their entrance into Castille, they were most respect. with pleasure wait on him." "Indeed,,ny lord," answered the fully treated by those of the king's household who had been sent to marshal, "but it is the king's wish to know on his arrival in Lan- m eet them: there were also deputies from different parts of the guedoc, plainly and openly, whether you mean to attach yourself to realm. All the kingdoms of Spain, Castille and Galicia, Seville and the French or to the English; for in these wars you have dissembled Toledo, and Cordova, were rejoiced at the arrival of these ladies, your real sentiments, and have never borne arms either from sum- since the younger was about to marry the son of king John their mons or entreaties." lord. And it seemed to them all that profound peace would ensue, "Ah, lord Lewis," said the count de Foix, "I give you many for they should be freed from all fear of the English; and as to the thanks for having spoken to me on this subject. If I have excused Portuguese, they should, as they said, mnake head against them very myself from bearing arms for either side, I have, as I think, good easily. Thus the ladies proceeded to meet king John of Castille at reasons for it: the wars between England and France no way con- Burgos, who gave them a splendid and affectionate reception; the cern me, for I hold my country of Bdarn from God, my sword, and prelates and barons of the country were there also, who received by inheritance. I have not, therefore, any cause to enter into the them in a similar manner. So they were entertained in such a manservice, or incur the hatred of eithlier of these kings. I know well, ner as was due to them; and the agreements before entered into, that Imy enemies, the Armaghac, have done all in their powerto put written and sealed, between John king of Castille and John duke of me in the ill graces of both m-onarchs; for before the prince of Wales Lancaster, were then confirmed. The duke of Lancaster, and his marched into Spain, at the instigation of the count d'Armagmnac, he wife, were to receive a yearly revenue of fifty thousand friancs, for would have made war on me, having a strong inclination for it, if sir which four cities and the whole country of Medina del Campo were John Chmundos had not prevented hin. Thanks, however, to God, I pledged; and further, the duchess of Lancaster was to receive for have always kept myself on my guard in as courteous a marnner as the support of her household sixteen thousand francs; and her daugh. possible, and shall contimnue to do so as long as I live: after my ter and the son of the king were, during the lifetime of the king, to death, matters must take the tu-n that is natural for them." Thus be put in possession of the whole country of Galicia, and the young did the count de Foix and the marshal de Sancerre converse as long prince was to have the title of prince of Galicia.i as he stayed. On his departure, tihe count presented himni with a The marriage having been solemnized, and all contracts signed,'handsomne courser, a fine mule and good hackney, all of them richly the duchess left her daughter with the king and her young husband, caparisoned. ile gave also to sir Robert Challies, to sir Richard who was then but eight years old. Site took leave of the king to go Daupuin, and to the knights of the marshal, two hundred firancs to Monteil, as she had proposed, who had her attended by the gieateach, and to five of his squires fifty fiancs. est personages of his court. On her arrival at Monteil, such reWhen the marshal took his leave, to return to Toulouse, I wanted searches were made, that she discovered where her father was buried, to accotmpany him; but the count de Foix would not allow me, and and had his bones taken up, washed and embalmed, and carried in bade me stay longer with himn. This I was forced to comply with," a coffin to Seville, where the cavalcade was met by large processions and w;it his will.'The lord Lewis on leaving Orthes,took the road from that town. The bones were conveyed to the cathedral, muaid to Tarbes, whither he was escorted by the lord dauphin of Bigorre,. there most reverently buried, with very solemn obsequies, which and sir Peter Cabestan, one of the count de Foix's household. were attended by king John of Castille, his son, the young prince of About this time, of the year 1389, thlere was a deed of arms per-: Galicia, and the greater part of the prelates and barons of the realm. fornmed at Bordeaux, befobre the duke of Lancaster, between five' After the obsequies, each person returned home: the king of CasEnglishmen and the same number of French, of whom some were tille, accompanied by his son and daughter-in-law, went to Val di of the household of the niarshial of France. The combatants were Soria; but the duchess of Lancaster went to Medina del Campo, a air Petiton de Pellagie, a Gascon Englishman; against sir Morice handsome and large town, which now belonged to her by the late Mauvinet, a Frenchman; sir Raymonrid of Atragon, English, against treaties of peace, and remained there some time. the bastard de Chauvigny, IFrench; sir Lewvis Milapers, governor We will leave speaking of her and Castille, and relate the mar. of Aigmues-Mortes, English, against Jannequin Comrne de Cerf, French; riage of the duke of Berry, and other events which ensued. Archibald de Villiers, French, against the son of the lord de Chaumont, Gascon-English. Many knights anmd squires from Bdarn, and of the household of the count de Foix, being desirous of seeings these H A P T E R X L I I. combats, went thither: I accompanied themn; for it is but twentyfo gues fon Ots to Brdax, and we we spectators of THE DUKE OF BERRY NEGOTIATES SO SUCCESSFULLY WITH TIHE COUNT DR these duels, which were fought in the square before St. Andrew's, in FOIn, THAT HE SENDS TO HIMt HIS COUSIN OF BOULOGNE, WHOJ IH the presence of the duke and duclhess of Lancaster, their daughter, INSTANTLY MARRIES. and tihe ladies and danmsels of the country. They did not combat THE duke of Berry, whose first duchess, the lady Joan of Armag all together, but eacih party separately; and were to perform three nac, had departed this life, was very impatient to marry again; for courses with spears, three with swords, the same nutnber with battle- no sooner was he assured of having failed in his proposals to the axes, and three with daggers, all on horseback. The tiltings occu- dnuke of Lancaster, than he set clerks to work, and, with proper me~s pied three days, and were gallantly performed without any of the sengers, sent to negotiate with the count de Foix for the daughter ten being wounded. Sir Raymond killed tihe horse of the bastard of the count de Boulogne, whom he had had in wardship for nine de Chanmviguyr which greatly angered the duke of Lancaster; he years. Because the duke of Berry had no prospect of success but blamed the knight muchi for havintg pointed his spear too low, and thronghl the count de Foix, (who was of, such a character that he presented the bastard with one of his own horses. would do nothiag that was disagreeable to himself for either fatlher, Such was the end'of this deed of arms, which I:teing finished, mother, pope, or any friend the youlng lady had,) he opened himself every one returned to his own home. to his nephew the king of France, and to his brother of Burgundy, entreating them earnestly to interfere in the business. The king laughed most heartily at his uncle of Berry, who was now of a cerCHAPTER CXLI. tain age, and said: "My good uncle, what will you do with a young girl of only twelve years old, and you are sixty? On mny faith, it is ITHE DUCtlESS OF LANCASTER CARRIES HER DAUGHTER TO CASTILLE, TO great folly in you to think of such things. Propose my fitir cousin MARRY I1ER TO THIE INFANT. HAVING- FOUND THE BONES OF HER tATEYR tESE TOI TtI CNVYFANT. HAVVING FOUND THE BORNES OF H-ER Johnm, your son, to her, who is of a proper age, and a more suitable FEATtt, OsEQUI AS THEM CONVYElrD TO SEVILLE, AND BUEJED wmTm match." "My lord," replied the duke, "this has been proposed, CPIS~OA:L n~S~E~~Qeta~S~. but the count de Foix would not listen to it, because my son descends fimuoerLV after these deeds of arms, the duchess of Lancaster made by the mother firom the Armagacs, and they are now and have been prep:ruations for her journey into Casttile, whither she was to carry some tine at war. If the girl is too young, I will spare her awhile, haer at}ghter, to solemnize her muarringe with the son of' the king of until she be a perfect woman.sts" Indeed!" said the king, " ut, C'n'tille. It was luer intention, wie n in Castille, to visit the field of my bonny uncle, she will not spare you." He then laughingly added: battle of' Monteil, where her father, don Pediro, had lost his life, and "However, since we see your love for her is so strong, we will cheem. make strict inuquiries where his body had at that tiuse been burued, fully assist you in the matter." hiuchl, when found, was to be taken up, and conveyed to the city of' Suvule:, ard ninagnificently itsterred theme, in g utanmuer beconuunur suste mates it. kimg of Navarre married, in 13t1, Leonora, daughter of Itenrty I. amd Seille, aW magnifiently minter the nomtofMarche1389, tise sui beganntoer omi t, hsister ot'Johns trin ei ofCasttle. —ED. kir.~. VP2ehen, inl the month of Mb'arcll 1.389, the suit began to hlave;t -is titto wav~s Prince oftlie A~sturias. —EI~ CHRONICLES OF ENG LAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 49X Not long after this, the king ordered the lord de la Rivicere, his and Gironde, to last until Saint John the Baptist's day, 1389. Dt,. first knight, steward of his household and chamberlain, to undertake ring this time, some wise and great lords opened a negotiation for a a journey to Bdearn, and with him the viscount d'Assy. The duke general truce between France and England, on sea and land, for of Burgundy named, as envoys on his part, the bishop of Autun, and three years. It was the intention of these persons that all the allies sir William de la Tremouille. The duke of Berry entreated a pru- of either side should be included in it, such as the kings of Castille dent and valiant knight, called John de Sancerre, to go thither on and Scotland, the king of Portugal and many barons of Upper Gas. his part These five knights, who were appointed to demand this cony. They had much trouble before they could accomplish this; young lady in marriage, for the duke of Berry from the count de for the Scots would no way listen to it, though, when the proposal Foix, left their homes, and were all to meet at Avignon. They staid was first made by the king of France to the king of Scotlaand, he with pope Clement, who was cousin-german to the father of the lady, himself had readily assented, for he wished not for war. He sum. full fifteen days, and about Candlemas departed, taking the road rmoned, therefore, the prelates and barons of his realm, to lay the through Nismrnes and Montpellier to Toulouse. matter before them, as he could not agree to this truce for the king. They travelled, with great state and.hort journeys, unto Beziers dom without their consent; and, if he had, they would not have and Carcassonne, where they found the marshal de Sancerre, who abided by it. The letters which had been received from the kingl received therm very magnificently, as was right. He conversed with of France were read in their presence, containing his wish that them concerning the count de Foix, of his affairs and establishments, they would agree with him for a truce of three years. This intellifor it was not more than two months since he had returned from gence was very disagreeable to them, and they said, "The king ot thence. From Carcassonne they went to Toulouse, and there re- France seems to propose a truce, when it is the moment to continue mained while they sent messengers to the count de Foix, at Orth.s. the war: we have completely defeated the English at Otterbourne; They opened their proposals of marriage, but distantly, for at the and the season is not so far advanced, but that we may do it again beginning the count was very cold, on account of the duke of Lan- and again." Many debates ensued, for they were very unwilling to caster, who at the time resided at Bordeaux or Libourne, having accept of a truce. It was at length resolved to send a bishop and made offers ot his son, the earl of Derby, for the young lady of Bou- three knights to the king of France and his council, to prevent the logne; and it was thought, from the long time these lords remained treaty from being further advanced, and to offer the friendship of the at Toulouse, the marriage would not take effect. They regularly realm of Scotland. sent daily and weekly accounts of their progress, and what answers The bishop of St. Andrews, sir Archibald Douglas, sir William they received from the count de Foix, to the duke of Berry, who re- Lindsay, and sir John Sinclair, were appointed to this embassy sided at La Nonnette'* in Auvergne, and the duke, whose only anx- They departed as speedily as they could, and, having landed at iety was to bring the matter to a conclusion, repeatedly wrote back Sluys, rode on to Paris. They laid their credential letters, from the to press them not to desist until they had completed the business. prelates and barons of Scotland, before the king of France and his The count de Foix, who was wise and subtle, seeing the ardor of council, and were readily listened to, from the great desire they had the duke, treated very coldly, and managed the matter so well, that, to prosecute the war against the English. But, notwithstanding this, with the consent, and indeed at the entreaty of all parties, he received the treaty was now so far advanced, that they could not retract: the thirty thousand francs for the time the young lady had been under Scots, therefore, had very civil answers given them; but the treaty his care and wardship. He might have had a larger sum, had he was, of necessity, completed. demanded it; but he wished to show nloderation, that he might have The truce was concluded, through the means of commissioners of their thanks, and also that the duke of Berry should feel himself un- high rank on both sides, who held their conferences at Leulinghem, der obligations to him. When everything was concluded, the count between Boulogne and Calais. In it were included all the allies of de Foix sent the young lady of Boulogne to Morlans, escorted by five France and England, who agreed to preserve the peace inviolate, by hundred lances, under the command of sir Espaign du Lyon, sir every means, public or private, for the space of three years. The Reginald William, sir Peter de Cabestan, sir Adam de Cacasse, sir commissioners from the king of France were the bishop of Bayeux, Manait Nouilles, and sir Peter de Kes. She was there delivered, count Waleran de St. Pol, sir William de Melun, sir Nichlolas in the name of the duke of Berry, to the embassadors from France, who Bracque, and sir John le Mercier, who resided at Boulogne. On were escorted by the marshal of France with five hundred spears, the part of the king of England were the bishop of Durham, the and there the two parties separated. Those from Foix returned earl of Salisbury, sir William Beauchamp, governor of Calais, John home, and the French carried with them the lady. Lanon, Nicholas de Gaberth, and Richard Roelle, clerk and doctor of T1s-^ duke of Berry had sent to her his array of cars and horses, laws, who remained at Calais. The place of conference, where they with every sort of dress and ornament for her head, as if she had mutually assembled, was Leulinghem, between Boulogne and Calais. been queen of France. I, John Froissart, the author of this history, At this period, there was much bustle in France and elsewhere, took my departure from Orthbs at the same time with her; for the on account of the splendid feasts king Charles intended holding in count de Foix had told me, I need not be in a hurry to leave him, Paris, on the entry of his queen Isabella, who had never as yet vis. for he would take care I should return in good company. The ited that city. Knights, squires, ladies and damsels made.the richduchess of Berry, for such I shlall henceforth call her, continued her est dresses for the occasion; of all which I will give an exact account, journey until she came to Avignon, when she dismounted at lodg- before I say more of the truce that was fairly written out, and sealed ings provided for her by the pope at Villeneuve, without Avignon. by all the parties. On the morrow, between eight and nine o'clock in the morning, all the cardinals waited on. her; when, having mounted a white palfrey END OF THE THIRD VOLUME OF THE CHRONICLES OF SIR JOHN FROISSART. the pope had given her, she crossed the bridge over the RhBne in great state, and waited on the pope at his palace at Avignon, who was seated in consistory on his papal throne to receive her. He kissed her on the mouth, on account of their relationship; and the duchess, with her company, then went to dinner at the h6tel of the cardinal of Turin, below the pope's palace, and there met a great company of cardinals. This was on a Tuesday: the following day the pope entertained her and her attendants at dinner; and this visit FOURTH VOLUME of the duchess, as I have heard say, cost the pope ten thousand francs. On the Friday she supped at the palace, and took leave of the OF THE pope. On the Saturday she departed, and dined and lay at Orange. She continued her journey on horseback, or in a carriage, through SIR JOHN FROISSA Valence and Vienne, to Lyon, where she reposed herself for two CHRONICLES OF SIR JOHN FROISSAItT whole days. On her departure she went to La Bresle, then passing through the country of For6ts, came to La Palisse, in Burgundy, then to Quissy, to Hanche-sur-Allier, and to Riom, in Auvergne, where she likewise remained two days, before the duke of Berry C H A P T E R I. arrived. He came thither in great state, the night of Whitsunday, FROISSART RELATES MIS TRAVELS AFTER HE HAD LEFT ORTHES. and on that day, at two o'clock in the morning, he was married to You who take delight in this history must know, that on my leavher.'I'he marriage was very magnificent, and there were present ing the castle of the noble count Gaston de Foix, I returned through he count de Boulogne, the count d'Estampes, and the count dau. Auvergne and France, in company with the gallant lord de la Riviere phin d'Auvwrgne. The feastings and tournaments lasted four days, and sir William de la Tremouille, who had conducted the lady Jane and I, the writer of this book, was a partaker of them all. of Boulogne to the duke of Berry in the town of Riom, where he had married her, as has been related; for, hraving been present at all these feasts, I may well speak of them. I went thence to Paris, C H A P T E R C X L I II. where I met the noble lord de Coucy, one of my patrons, who had C. TAIN PRUDENT MEN NEGOTIATE A TRUCE, FOR THtREE YEARS, BETWEEN lately married a daughter to the duke of Lorraine. TIHE FRENCH AND ENGTIISIt, AND ALIL TIEIRl ALLTES. Tile lord de Coucv entertained me kindly, and asked masy ques. tions abollt Foix, BaIsrn, pope Clement, anId Avignon, as well as con. You have heard that a truce had been conclluded with all the Eng- cerning the nullptials of the duke of Berry, and of a particular friend ith garrisons, from the Loire to the country beyond the Garoonse of his,l and likewise one of Ily patrons, the lord Berald, dauphin of *'Iu Nonsette," a town in Auvergae, election of sire.! uvtergnc. T'o all his questions I satisfied him as to what I knew, 494 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPA"IN, &c.:r had seen, insomuch that he was well pleased; and said, "You the duchess of Touraine, the duchess of Lorraine, the countess of shall come with me into Cambresis, for I am going to a castle the Nevers, the lady of Coucy, with a crowd of other ladies, began the king has given me, called Crevecmur: it is two leagues firom Cam- procession in open litters, most richly ornamented. The duchess (f bray, and nine from Valenciennes." "The distances are very right, Touraine was not in a litter, but to display herself the more, was my lord," replied I, and accepted his offer. On the road, he told me, mounted on a palfrey, magnificently caparisoned. that the bishop of' Bayeux, the count de St. Pol, sir William de The litter of the queen was led by the dukes of Touraine and M.elun, and sir John le Mercier, were at Boulogne, by orders firom Bourbon at the head; the dukes of Berry and Burgundy were at time the king of France; and that there were at Calais, on the part of centre, and the lord Peter de Navarre and the count d'Ostrevant be. king Richard of England, the bishop of Durham, the earl of Salis- hind the litter, which was open and beautifully ornamented. The bury, sir William Beauchamp, governor of Calais, sir John Clambon, duchess of Touraine followed, on her palfrey, led by the count de sir Nicholas Grandbourg, knights and chamberlains to the king of la Marche and the count de Nevers, the whole advancing slowiy, at England, and sir Richard Rocharle,* doctor of laws; who had re- a foot's pace. After her came tlhe duchess of Burgundy and her mained at Boulogne and Calais upward of a month, waiting for com- daughter, the lady Margaret of Hainault, in an open litter, led by missioners from Scotland, "who were not arrived six days ago, as the lord Henry de Bar, and sir William, the young count de Narnur. my cousin Saint Pol writes me word. The king of France has Then came the duchess of Berry, and the daughter of the lord de therefore written to king Robert of' Scotland, to press him to accept Coucy, in an open and ornamented litter, led by sir James de Hour. of the truce, for the English will not conse-t to it unless the Scots ben, and sir Philip d'Artois. Then the duchess of' Bar adrd her be included." daughter, led by sir Charles d'Albret and the lord de Coucy. There Thus continuing our journey, we came to Crevecceur, where I re- was no particular mention made of the other ladies and damsels who mained with him three days to repose and refresh myself, when I followed in covered chariots, or on palfreys, led by their knights. took leave, and went to Valenciennes. After staying there a fort- Serjeants, and others of the king's officers, had full employment, in night, I went to Holland, to visit my gallant patron and lord, the making way for the processions, and keeping off the crowd; for count de Blois, whom I found at Schoenhoven. He made me good there were such numbers assembled, it seemed as if all the world cheer, and inquired after news. I told him enough of all I had seen had come thither. or heard, and was with him upward of a month, as well at Gouda.::At the gate of St. Denis, that opens into Paris, was the representas Schoenhoven, and then took leave to return to France, to learn ation of a starry firmament, and within it were children dressed as the particulars of the conferences that were holding at Leulinghliem, angels, whose singing and chanting was melodiously sweet. There between the French and English, and likewise to be present at the was also an image of the Virgin holding in her arms a child, who at magnificent feasts that were to be given at queen Isabella's public times amused himself with a windmill, made of a large walnut. The entry into Paris, where as yet she had never been.t upper part of this firmament was richly adorned with the arms of To learn the most I could, I travelled through Brabant, and man- France and Bavaria, with a brilliant sun dispersing its rays through aged to arrive at Paris eight days before the commencement of the the heavens; and this sun was the king's device at the ensuing to.r. feasts. I had so much forethought, respecting the French and Scots naments.* The queen of France and the ladies took delight in view. lords who had been at the conferences at Leulinghem, that I made ing this as they passed, as indeed did all who saw it. The queen acquaintance with sir William de Melun, who related to me all their then advanced slowly to the fountain, in the street of Saint Denis, transactions, and that the count de St. Pol had passed over to Eng- which was covered and decorated with fine blue cloth, besprinkled land, to visit his brother-in-law, king Richard, and to have the truce over with golden flowers-de-luce. The pillars that surrounded the confirmed, which was to last for three years; but he said he would fountain were ornamented with the arms of the chief barons of France; be here at all events to partake of the feasts. I asked sir William, and, instead of water, it ran in great streams of Claird.t and excel. "what lords the Scots had sent to the conference; for that in my lent Piement.t Around this fountain were young girls handsomely younger days I had been in Scotland, as far as the Highlands, and dressed, having on their heads caps of solid gold, who sang, so sweetly, as at that time I was at the court of king David, I was acquainted it was a pleasure to hear them; and they held in their hands cups of with the greater part of the nobility of that country." He told me, gold, offering their liquors to all who chose to drink. The queen "that the bishop of Aberdeen, sir James and sir David Lindsay, andt stopped there to hear and look at them, as did the ladies as they sir Waiter Sinclair, were the commissioners for Scotland."t All passed by. this I carefully remembered, that I might enregister it in my Chron- Below the monastery of the Trinity there was a scaffold erected in icle, with all I should see or hear at this grand feast of Isabella's the street, and on this scaffold a castle, with a representation of the entry, the arrangement of which was as follows. battle with king Saladin, performed' by living actors; the Christians on the one side and the Saracens on the other. All the lords of re.....-~ I I ~nown, who had been present, were represented with their blazoned C ~ H A P T H ~ R.I I. war-coats, such as were worn in those times. A little above was the person of the king of France, surrounded by his twelve peers in their QUEEN ISABELLA OF FRANCE lMAKES HER PUBLIC ENTRY INTO THE CITY pproper arms: and when the queen came opposite the scaffold, king OF PARIS. Richard was seen to leave his companions, and advance to the king Oa Sunday the 20th day of June,6 in the year of our Lord 1399, of France, to request permission to fight the Saracens, which having there were such crowds of people in Paris, it was marvellous to see obtained, he returned to his army, who instantly began the attack on them; and on this Sunday, the noble ladies of France who were to Saladin and the Saracens. This battle lasted for a considerable time, accompany the queen, assembled in the afternoon at Saint Denis, and was seen with much pleasure. with suck of the nobility as were appointed to lead the litters of the The procession then passed on, and came to the second gate of queen anid her attendants. The citizens of Paris, to the amount of St. Denis,~ where, like to the first, there had been made a represent. twelve hundred, were mounted on horseback, dressed in uniforms of ation of a richly starredi firmament, with the Holy Trinity seated in green and crimson, and.lined each side of the road. Queen Joan great majesty, and within the heaven little children as angels singing and her daughter,ll the duchess of Orleans, entered Paris first, about very melodiously. As the queen passed under the gate, two angels an hour after noon, in a covered litter, and passing through the great descended from above, holding an extraordinarily rich golden crown, street of Saint Denis, went to the palace, where the king was wait- ornamented with precious stones, which they gently placed on thbs ing for them, and this day they went no farther. The qiuecn of head of the queen, sweetly singing the following verses' France, attended by the duchess of Berry, the duchess of Burgundy, "Dame enclose entre fleurs de Lys, IZeinDe etee vou s de Paris, * "Clambon, Grandbourg, Rocharle." These names are dlifferent in almost all the Deie rne, etvous de tot le pars. copies, MS. or printed. They are called Lanon, L'asnon-Gaberth, Gunboch-Roolle D France, et do tot le pals. and Itohale. Lord Berners retains them as in the preceding chapter, but totally omits Nos en r'allons en aradi." them in this. The treaty, which is at length in Rymner, has the names as tbllows. Timhose When they came opposite to the chapel of St. James, they found a teem Frammce are also dlifferent fioma Froissart. scaffold erected on the riglht hand, richly ornamented with tapestry, The bishop of Durham, sir William Beauchamp, governor of Calais, sir Johln Deve- oded ih curt reux, steward of tihe king's lhouselhold, sir John Clanvow, sir Nicholas Daggeworth, surro ins, in the manner of a chamber: wihi which knights of the king's chamlber. were men who played finely on organs. The whole street of Saint tUnderneath is the translation of a note, vol. iii. p. 85. of M. Levesque's history of Denis was covered with a canopy of' rich camlet and silk cloths, as the five first kings of the race of Valois. if they had had the cloths for nothinig, or were at Alexandria or Da"One would be tempted to beliese, frm the recitals of our historians, alat tme queen, mascus. I, the writer of this account, was present, and astonismed who had now been married four years, made this her first entry into Paris. It is a mistake. She was there in 1386, when Charles wrote to iher, the 28th April, from Montdi- whence such quantities of rich stuffs and ornaments could have comne; dier, to send to Amiens the amount of the taxes, and to hasten all men-at-arms andl far- for all the houses on each side the great street of Saint Denis, as far eigners that were intended for the invasion of England from Paris. I-le orders her at as the Chttelet, or indeed to the great bridgeIf were hung with tap. the same time to prcmelaim war against the Flemings mnd their allies. One may coniceture, from this letter, thast he had intrusted her with time regency." The Scots commissionem are evidently wrong,. The finest MS. in the British Museum of all beholders. has sir Archibalil and sir William Lindsay, and sir John Sinclair. But in Rymer, there The queen and her ladies, conducted by great lords in their litters, is mention oily made of time archbishop of Glasgow and bishop of Dunkeld. "Jumnr." My MSS. and that in the B. Museum have the I20s of.lugust. * Louis XI~ took the same device, with the motto of "Nec plunibus irupar." 11" Queen Jean and her daughter." I saspectthere must be some mistake, althomugh t "Clairt," or ela.imet —light red wine. —ED. this paragraph is ia all the editiosis I know of,.printed and MS.; blmt I cammmrot discover 4 "Piemnent" —is am liquor mnade of honey, wine, and different spices. —iv CAsot, who these personages were, for all the queens of that name were dead, the last of them ~ Demmys Sauvmge, isa ma marginal note, says, "thamt he thlimnks this gamte wass cmmlled la the preceding year, and the duke of Touraine, the king's bsrother, succeeded to the title Por'te aux Peintres," anald wfas pulled down ia, tlie reiig n of Fmarmmels I. It was callemi morta of duke of Orleans on the death of Philip, in 1391: he had been lately mnriied t-a Val- maux Peintres, because many painters resided near it. —SAnav'AL. asthma, of Milan, who is mentioned afterwards as forming part of the procsnwsion. r i Denys fsaummage says, he means by the great bridige tale bridge of Notre-Lamne. CdiRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 495 arrived at length at the gate of the Ch&telet, where they stopped to aloud to the praise of God and the Virgin Mary. The queen was see other splendid pageants that had been prepared for them. At conducted through the nave and choir to the great altar, where, on the gate of the Chatelet was erected a castle of wood, with towers her knees, she made her prayers according as she thought good, and strong enough to last forty years. At each of the battlements was a presented, as her offering, four cloths of gold, and the handsome knight completely armed from head to foot; and in the castle was a crown which the angels had put on her head at the gate of Paris, as superb bed, as finely decorated with curtains and everything else, as has been related. The lord John de la Riviere and sir John le Merif for the chamber of the king, and this bed was called the bed of cier instantly brought one more rich with which they crowned her. iustie-, in which lay a person to represent St. Anne. On the espla- This being done, the queen and her ladies returned to their litters, wherein they were seated as before; and, as it was late, there were upward of five hundred lighted ta. pers attending the procession. In such array were _____[j~~~~~~~~~ ~they conducted to tne pal. 1in'-de1Ql, befor cace, where the king, queen wasJ a Joan, and the duchess ot the, poulce Orleans, were waiting for'on~3 *~ _r I.-athem. The ladies here quitted their litters, and Elther i c were conducted to differadvand ouent apartments; and the holding naked lords, after the dancing, reth e halt.,__th e________an dea gle; ph ovin gtu rn e d to th e ir h ot e ls. t plieasure pail onb~ toOn the morrow, which ra t e d so -l4srre iti PAuld not bewas Monday, the ding gave I, st~rriit~t~j!!it~44.~~ a grand dinner to a ne - w~ ith tapestry ar as th church of_ Y iNotre D amerous company of ladies; andt her11.1 ladies and, at the hour of high tilt;~~~~~ il NJ~mass, the queen of France from''' St. >hotiened dukes to the Holy Chapel, where she was ane ointed and sanctified as queens of France usually A fi'/l m oN, areh. Sir William de Viare, archbishop of Rouen, said ~:~~~~~~ ~~~~i~?~~~}!in~~~~~ ~mass. Aftermass, which was well and solemnly sung, the king and queen retuined to their apart. ments, as did the ather ladies to theirs who lodged in the Palace. Shortly after the mass, the king, queen, and all the ladies TRIU3hPHAL ENTRY OF QUEEN ISABELLA INTO PARIs. From a MS. Froissart of the 15th century. entered the hall. You must know, that the great table of marble,t which is nade, before tne castle, (which comprehended a tolerably large space,) in the hall, and is never removed, was covered with an oaken plank, was a warren and much brush-wood, within which were plenty of four inches thick, and the royal dinner placed thereon. Near the bares, rabbits and young birds, that fled out and in again for fear of table, and against one of the pillars, was the king's buffet, magnifi. the populace. From this wood, on the side near the queen, there cently decked out with gold and silver plate, and much envied by issued a large white hart, that made for the bed of justice; from an- many who saw it. Before the king's table, and at some distance, other part came forth a lion and eagle, well represented, and proudly were wooden bars with three entrances, at which were seljeants-at. advanced toward the stag. Then twelve young maidens, richly arms, ushers, and archers, to prevent any from passing them but those dressed, with chaplets of gold on their heads, came out of the wood, who served the table; for in truth the crowd was so very great, that holding naked swords in their hands, and placed themselves between there was no moving but with much difficulty. There were plenty the hart, the lion, and eagle; showing, that with their swords they of minstrels, who played away to the best of their abilities. were determined to defend the hart and the bed of justice. The kirgs, prelates, and ladies, having washed and seated them. Tine queen, the ladies and lords, having seen this pageant with selves at table, their places were as follows: the bishop of Noyen pleasure, passeud on to the bridge of Notre-Dame, which was deco- was seated at the head of the king's table, then the bishop of Langres, rated so handsomely, it could not be amended: it was covered with and then the archbishop of Rouen, by the side of the king of France, a starry canopy of green and crimson, and the streets were all hung who was that day clothed in a crimson surcoat, lined with ermine, with tapestry as far as the church of Notre-Dame. When the queen and the royal crown upon his head. A little above the king was the and her ladies had passed the bridge, and were near the church, it was late in tlhe evening; for the procession, ever since it had set out Denys Sauvage, in a marginal note, says that this queen Joan was tile widow of Charles ]e Bel, and her daughter Blanche married to Philip duke of Orleans, brother to from St. Denis, had advanced but a foot's pace. The great bridge of Paris was hung all its length with green and white sarcenet; but Froissart has mentioned them before; but tihe widow of Charles le Bel died, according before the queen and her (company entered Notre-Dame, sheu was to l'Art de Vdrifier les Dates, at Brie-comte-Robert, 1370, and queen Isabella's entry was presented with other pageants that delighted her and her ladies very in 13i9. mn~~~~~~~uch: I will describe them. t Froissart having omitted a curious circumstance that happened at this entry of tho queen, I shall trnnslate it from Les Grandes Chroniques de St. Denys. A full month before the queen's entry to Paris, a master engineer "The king having heard what fine pageants were preparing. said to Savoisi, who from Geneva had fastened a cord to the highest tower of Nrotre- was one of his valets-de-chambre,'Savoisi, I beg that thou wouldst mount my good Dame, wich, passing hih above the streets, was fixed to the most horse, and I will get up behind thee, and we will disguise ourselves so that no one shall elevated house on the bridge of Saint Michael. As the queen was know us, and go and see the entry of my wife.' Savoisi did all he could to dissuade tilhe elevated house on the s bridge of Saint Michael. Aslf the queen wasn king fron thiis, hut the king would beobeyed. They therefore disguised themselves, and passing down the street of Notre-Dame, this man left the tower, and,. the king rode behind Savoisi to different parts of Paris. They cameto the Chttelet as seating shimself on the cord, descended, singing, with two lighted the queen was passing, and the crowd was so great, that Savoisi got into the midst. torches in his hand, for it was now lark, to the great astonishment Bailiff, armed with staves, had been stationed there to prevent any harm being done to of all who saw him how he cold do it. kept the lighted torches te pageant, who laid about them most lustily, to keep off the crowd. Savoisi and tof all who saw him how he could do it. He kept the lihted t e king, still pushing frward, the bailiffs, who knew not the king, gave to each several in his hands that he might be seen by all Paris, and even two or sharp blows on their shoulders. In the evening, the king told the ladies what had hapthree leagues off. IHe played many tricks on the rope, and his agility pened to him atthe Chitelet, and there was much laughing and joking on the occatio~'as higrhly praised.. among them. The bishop of Paris and his numerous clergy,clothed in their $ "At one end of the hall of the Palace was placed a marble table that filled up almost the whole breadth of it, and was of such a size for length, breadth and thickness, that robes, were without the church of Notre-Dame, waiting for the queen, it was supposed to be the greatest slab of marble existing. who was helped out of her litter by the four dukes, of Berry, Bur- "It served, fo~r two or three hundred years, very different purposes: at one time for a gundy, Tonraine and Bourbon. When the other ladies had left their theatre, on which the attorneys' clerks acted their mummeries, and at another for the itters and dismrounted from their pastfrys, they all entered the church royal feasis, wseme only emperors, kings, and princes of the bilood were admitted, with biter adisoutedfrm he'ys, the y a l ent ered thechurchtheir ladies: the other great lords dined at separate tables. It was consurread by fire in in grand procession, preceded by the bishop and priests, singing 1618"-Sw,.v. Jlntiquites de Paris. 196 ECHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. queen, crowned also very richly. Next the queen was placed the examine what their gifts are." They approached, and looked into king of Armenia, then the duchess of Berry, the duchess of Burgundy, the litter. I will now mention what presents it contained. First, the duchess of Touraine, madame de Nevers, mademoiselle Bonne there were four pots of gold, four saucers to match, four golden salts, de Bar, madame de Coucy, and mademoiselle Marie de Harcourt. twelve cups of the same, twelve porringers, and six dishes of gold There were none others at the king's table, except at the very lower also: the whole weighed one hundred and fifty marcs. end, tile lady de Sully, wife of sir Guy de la Tremouille. There Another party of citizens, very.handsomely equipped in uniforms were two other tables in the hall, at which were seated upward of of cloth, waited on the queen, and presented her with a litter borne five hundred ladies and damsels; but the crowd was sd very great, by two men dressed, one as a bear, the other as a unicorn, which it was with difficulty they could be served with their dinner, which they placed in her chamber, and the citizens recommended their town was plentiful and sumptuous. Of this it is not worth the trouble to and inhabitants to her protection. This present consisted of the give any particulars; but I must speak of some devices which were model of a ship in gold, two large flaggons of gold, two comfit boxes, curiously arranged, and would have given the king much amusement, two salts, six cups, and as many saucers, all of gold: twelve lamps had those who had undertaken it been able to act their parts. of silver, two silver basins, two dozen of silver porringers, the same In the middle of the hall was erected a castle of wood, forty feet high, number of silver cups: the whole weight of gold and silver being twenty feet long, and as many wide, with towers at each corner, and three hundred marcs. one larger in the middle. This castle was to represent the city of The third present was carried, in like manner, to the chamber or Troy the great, and the tower in the middle the palace of Ilion, firom the duchess of Touraine, by twvo men representing Moors, having which were displayed the banners of the Trojans, such as king their faces blackened, and richly dressed with white turbans, as if Priam, Hector, his other sons, and of those shut up in the place with they had been Saracens or Tartars. This litter was ornamented and theit. The castle being on wheels, was very easily moved about. covered, like the others, with gauze, and accompanied by twelve There was a pavilion likewise on wheels, on which were placed the citizens in uniforms, who presented the duchess with a ship in gold, banners of tihe Grecian kings, that was moved, as it were, by invisi- a large flaggon of gold, two comfit boxes, two large dishes, and twc. ble beiogs, to the attack of Troy. There was also, by way of rein- salts, all of gold.: six jugs of silver, and two dozen cups and saucers forcement, a large ship, well built, and able to contain one hundred of the same: the whole weighing two hundred mares. The duchess men-at-aris, that, like the two former, was ingenlliously moved by of Tournine was exceedingly pleased with this present, as she had invisible wheels. Those in the ship and pavilion made a sharp attack reqson, for it was very magnificent, and returned handsomely her on the castle, which was gallantly defended; but from the very great thanks to those who had brought it, and to the good city of Paris that crowd, this amusement could not last long. There were so many had given it to her. people on all sides, several were stifled by the heat; and one table Such were the gifts made this Tuesday to the king and queen of near the door of the chamber of parliament, at which a numerous France, and to the duchess of Touraine. You may judge from them company of ladies and damsels were seated, was thrown down, and the. liberality and riches of the Parisians; for it was assured me, the the company forced to make off as well as they could. author of this history, that all these presents, which I saw, had cost The queen of France was near fainting, froniom the excessive heat, upward of sixty thousand golden crowns. When these ceremonies and one of the doors was forced to be thrown open to admit air. were concluded, the hour for dinner arrived; but this day the king Tihe lady of Coucy was in the same situation. The kiiig, noticing and his court dined in private at their different h6tels, for at three this, ordered an end to be put to the feast, when the tables were re- o'cloclk the tournament was to take place in the square of Saint moved, for the ladies to have more room. Wine and spices were Catherine, where scaffolds had been erected for the accommodation of served around, and every one retired when the king and queen went the queen and the ladies. to their apartments. Those ladies who did not lodge in the Palace' I will name the knights of this grand tournament, who were styled returned to their h6tels, to recover themselves of their sufferings from the knights of the Golden Sun, which, although it was that day the?aoe heat and crowd. The lady of Coucy remained in her h6tel until king of France's device, was borne by others, who tilted in hopes of it was iate; but the queen, about five o'clock, left the Palace, attended gaining the prize. These knights were thirty, includinig the king: by the duchesses before named, and, mounting an open litter, pro- first, the duke of Berry, the duke of Burgundy, the duke of Bourbon, ceeded through the streets of Paris, followed by the ladies in litters, tihe count de la Marcho, sir James de Bourbon his brother, sir Wil. or on horseback, to the residence of the king, at the h6tel de St. Pol. liam de Namnr, sir Oliver de Clisson constable of France, sir John Site was attended by upward of one thousand horse. The king took de Vienne, sir James de Vi-nne, lord d'Espaigny, sir Guy de la Tre. boat at the Palace, and was rowed to his hotel, which, though it was aioulite, sir William de la Tremouille his brother, sir Philip de Bar, sufficiently large, there had been errected in the court, at the en- the lord de Rochfort a Breton, the lord de Rais, tfhe lord de Beaumatrance leading to the Seine, an immense hall, covered with undressed noir, sir John de Barbenqon called the Ardenois, the halze of Flatn. cloths of Normandy, that had been sent firom divers places: the sides ders, the lord de Torcy a Norman, sir John des Barres, the lord de were hung with tapestry, that represented strange histories, and gave Nantouillet, the lord de la Roclihefoucault, the lord de Garencieres, delight to all who saw them. In this hall the kinig entertained the sir John de Harpedant, the baron d'Ury, sir William Marciel, sir ladies at a banquet: but the queen remained in lier chiamber, where Reginald de Roye, sir Geoffry de Carin, sir Charles de Changiet, and she supped and did not again appear that night. The kiing, lords, sir William de Lignac. All these knights were sumptuously dressed, and ladies, danced and amused themselves until daybreak, when and each had on his shield a splendid sun. At three o'clock, they the amusements ceased, and every one retired to his home, each of entered the square of St. Catherine, where the queen had already them to sleep and repose themselves, as it was full time. arrived in a magnificent car, and the duchesses and other ladies in I will now speak of the presents the Parisians made to the king, great state, and taken their places on the seats prepared for them. queen, and duchliess of Toursine, who was but lately arrived min France The king of France next made his appearance completely equipped from Lombnardy: she was called Valentine, and was daughiter to the for tilting, of which amusement he was very fond. duke of Milan. She had this year been marriedi to the duke of The justs now began, and were carried on with vigor, for there Touraine, and had never been in Paris before this public entry of were many knights firom fbreign parts. Sir William de Hainault, the queen: the citizens, therefore, were bound to bid her Welcoime. count de Ostrevant, tilted right well, as did those knights who had About twelve o'clock, forty of the principal citizenis of Paris, all uni- accompanicd him, such as the lord de Gommines, sir John d'Andre. formly dressed, waited on the king at his h6tel of Sait PolI, bring- gmnes, the lord de Cantan, sir Ansel de Transsegines, and sir Clinquart ing a present they had displayed through the streets of the townl. de Herinno. Every one performed his part, in honor of the ladies; Their gift was in a very richly worked litter, borne by two strong and the duke of Ireland tilted well: being then a resident at Paris, men, dressed as savages. This litter was covered with a transparent tile king had invited him to thetournament. A German knight from crape of silk, through which might be seen the magnificest things it beyond the Rhine, called sir Gervas de Mirande, gained great corn. contained. mendation. The number of knights made it difficult to give a full On their arrival, they advanced to the king's chamber, (which was stroke, and the dust was so troublesome that it increased their diffi. open and ready prepared to receive them, as their coming was Iknown, culties. The lord de Coucy shone with brilliancy. The tilts were and welcome is always made to those who briIg gifts;) and, havimg continued without relaxation until night, when the ladies were con,. placed the litter on vessels, in tlhe midst of the apartment, they cast ducted to their h6tels. themselves on their knees, and thus spoke: "Most beloved lord and The queen of France and her attendants were led back to the king, your citizens of your good town of Paris present to you the plate hctel of St. Pol, where was the most magnificent banquet for the that is contained in this litter, as tokens of their joy that you have ladies, ever heard of. The feast and dancing lasted until sunrise, taken the government of the kingdom in your own hands." "Many and the prize of the tournament was given, with the assent of the thanks, miy good people," replied the king: "they are fair and rich." ladies and heralds, to the king, as being the best tilter on the oppo. The citizens then rose up, and having taken leave of the king with- oents' side, and the prize for the holders of the lists was given to the drew. W~hens they had gone, the king said to sir Willianm des Bordes, be beheaded. This was done wmuhsut the king's knowledge, at the instigation of the and to Montaigu,* who were then present, "Let us go nearer, and duke of Burgundy and the king of Navarre. He was beheaded in the market-place of - M. Levesqise says, that Chartes awed tsis poistarity to itue svise choice tie tiad madParis, the 17th October, t40, anut his remains were carried to the gibbet at Montfaucon, ~ Ml. Levesque says, that Charles owed his popularity to the wise choice he hlad madle where they remained hanging for nearly three years, since his b ody was not taken down of the umsder-mentioned ministers. La Rivierre, who had deserved the friendship of the unitil the 17th September, 1412, and carried to the convent of the Cetestins of Marcoussi, wisest offtings: Noviat, chtsrged wvith the superintendence of the finsn ces, was of the which lie had founted. order of nobility, thousgh without fortune, and Montaigu, born in ol,scurity, raised him- " Although he was executed without the knowledge of the king, he did not the less self by his talents; but, above all, tthe duke of Bourbon. who haid preserved his integrity, allow the confiscation of his property, to be given to Louis, duke de Guienne, dauphin. though he sad been joined in the regency with the dukes of Berry and Burgundy. "[ was, however, intfrmed by M. Perron, who has carefully applied himbiselfto teare "This John de Msontaigu, grand-enaster of the thosehtold, iand superintendent of this the particulars of the life of this lord, that his property was restored to hi. lie}s.".Miares to Charles VI. was accused of having robbed the king, and was cendetmned w 1~s~aoSAnA CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 497 nalze de Flandres, bastard-brother to the duchess of Burgundy. On which she was indeed deserving, for she was an active hustling lady, account of the complaints the knights made of the dust, which had and one who did not sleep over her interests. She entreated the lord prevented many from exerting themselves to the utmost at the late de Coucy to escort her son to Arragon, and to remain with him until tournament, the king ordered the lists to be watered. Two hundred he were married. He replied; "Certainly, madam, there is not a water-carriers were employed on the Wednesday to water the square, voyage that, for seven years past, I would more willingly have unmut, notwithstanding their efforts, there was still a sufficiency of dust. dertaken than to Sicily and Naples, more particularly, in company The count de St. Pol arrived this Wednesday straight from Eng- w.th my lord your son, if I have the consent of our lord and king." land, having made haste to be present at these feasts, and had left " Many thanks, lord de Coucy," said the queen: "you show us your sir John de Ch&tel-Morant to follow with the treaty of the truce. The good inclinations; but, for the present, it will be sufficient if you count de St. Pol was kindly received by the king and his lords: his will accompany our son to Arragon. The queen of Arragon will be countess, who had been near the person of the queen at these festi. very happy to see you, for your daughter is married to her brother vals, was rejoiced at his arrival. In the afternoon of the Wednesday, sir Henry de Bar." thirty squires, who had been in attendance the preceding day, ad- The lord de Coucy cheerfully agreed to undertake this journey, vanced to the lists where the tournaments had been held, whither the and the king of Sicily, having made his preparations, took leave of ladies also came, in the same state, and seated themselves as before. pope Clement, and of his mother, with many tears. Their hearts lhe tilting was ably and vigorously kept up until night, when the were wrung, not indeed without cause, at this separation, for hlie was, rompany returned to their homes. The banquet this evening at the going to a far country, and it was uncertain when they should meetn6tel de St. Pol was as grand as the preceding one, and the prize again. It had been settled, that instantly after the marriage had: was adjudged by the ladies and heralds to a squire from Hainault, taken place, the young king and queen were to embark at Barcelona, who had accompanied the count d'Ostrevant, called John de Flaron, and sail as expeditiously as they could for Naples or any other part as the most deselrving of the opponents, and to a squire belonging to of that country. The young king of Sicily was handsomely attended, the duke of Burgundy, called John de Poulceres, for the best tenants and, having passed through Montpellier and Beziers, came to Natrof the field. bonne, where he and his company were honorably received by the The tournament was continued on the Thursday, when knights viscount. Having refreshed their horses for one day, they continued and squires tilted promiscuously, and many gallant justs were done, their route toward Perpignan, the first town of Arragon. News of for every one took pains to excel. Night put an end to it, and there his arrival had reached the court of Arragon, and the queen had sent: was a grand entertainment again for the ladies, at the h6tel de St. proper persons to receive him and his attendants, and show them all Pol, when the prize for the opponents was given to sir Charles des respect, so that, wherever they passed, they were well entertained, Armoyes, and for the tenants, to a s.,uire attached to the queen, called,and all their expenses paid. The viscounFt de Roquebertin and sirLens. Raymond de Baithes were their conductors. They continued their On the Friday, the king feasted the ladies and damsels at dinner, journey until they arrived at Barcelona, where the king, queen, and i which was very splendid and plentiful. Toward the end of it, as the princess were expecting them. The young king Lewis was very, king was seated at table, with the duchess of Berry, the duchess of kindly received; and the queen was particularly pleased on seeing - Burgundy, the duchess of Touraine, the countess de Saint Pci, the the lord de Coucy, and thanked her future son-in-law for having' lady of Coucy, and many more, two knmights, completely armed, en- brought him with him, adding, that everything would fare the better, tered the hall, (which was very spacious, having been, as I have sauid, for it. erected for the occasion,) on barbed horses, with lances in their hands. The marriage was performed and consummated between these two, One was sir Reginald de Roye, the other sir Boucicaut the younger. persons; but as winter was approaching, the sea voyage was deferred,. Having tilted bravely for some time, they were joined by sir William because at such a time thie sea is stormy and dangerous. They said de Namur, sir Charles des Armoyes, the lord de Garencieres, the they would collect all the purveyances durimg the winter, and embark lord de Nantouillet, sir John de Barben~on, and several others, who ini the beginning of thIe ensuing month of March. The lord de Coucy gallantly tilted for two hours before the king and ladies; and when was perfectly well received by the king and queen of Arrigon; but, they had sufficiently amused themselves, they returned to their hdtels. having had letters firom the king of France, ordering him t, return, he The ladies and danisels took their leave, this Friday, of tihe kinig toolk his leave of them, and of the young king and the queen of Siciiy, and queen, as did such lords as pleased, and returned to their homes. ais well as of the lords of Arragon, and set out for France. If hie had' The king and queen thanked very graciously such as took leave, for hadi time, he would have returned by Avignon; but he sent his ex'. having come to this feast. cmises to the pope and queen of Naples, and went straight to Auvergne.. At the time of this marriage of the king of Sicily with the princess ~C ~H A P T ER III. of Arragon, many treaties were concluded between him andi the ArC HAP T ER III. I ragonians, who were to assist him with men and galleys in thIe recov. SIR JOHN DE CHATEL-MORANT BRINGS FROM ENGLAND THE TRUCES FOR lcry of his kingdom. They were to convey himn to Naples, with two. THiRF.E YEARS, SEALED BY KING RICHARD AND HIS ALIAIES. LEWIS OF hundred spears, one thousand cross.bows, and the same number of ANJOU, KIING OF SIciLY, IS BETROTHED AND MARRIED TO A DAUGHTER infantry armed with brigandines, who were to srve hinm at their own. OF THE ICING OF ARRAGON. charges, during the war, until he should have fiull possession of Na., AFTER this grand festival, and when the lords and ladies, who hamd ples, Sicily and its dependencies, la Puglia, Calabria and the cimy of assisted at it, were returned to their castles, the lord de Chatel- G. ieta, the resideace of Margaret de Durazzo, who claimed h these Morant, whom the lord de Saint-Pol had left in England, arrived at territories as her own. Paris with the truces, signed by the king of England and his allies. When the sweet month of March was arrived, and the winds were He delivered to the king and his ministers the charter of the truce become calm anid the waters smooth, and the trees once more clothed that was to last for three years, and read aloud its contents in the i geen, nd all prveyces eudy and ernharkted, as wl the presence of the lord de Coucy, who was lieutenant for the king, to men-at-arms who were to be of this expedition, the youn c ape e-t-rswo wer toa be of the ingas qexeditiAraon, The youeng ei, tpeas guard and defend all the country, from the Dordogne to the sea, in- tk ave of the king and quee of Argo. The q it tears eluding Auvergne and Limousin. All who should infringe, or amy sw them depart, and recommended theym to tie particular u me of; way break this treaty, or cause it to be broken, whatever were his he cout de oddes, a very viat ight, and sir y nd de Baighes. They promised special obedience to the queen's wishes, rank, would be considered as a traitor, ad incur punishment of Baiges. They promised spcil obedience to te ee' whes death. Tie lord de Coucy had also a copy delivered to huml, to show although the count d'Orghel and the counit de la Lune were their if necessary, to those garrisons of Ventadour, Chaluqet, Orbesi,* superiors amd had tie commmnd of tie convny. Donzach,t who were carrying on war under name of the English, Tee we on bard these galleys iten u ed sps, tw that they might not have any cause of excuse, and incur the penalt thousaid cross-bows, and tuvo thoisnd lusty varlets aimmuul with.Z3 thousand cross-bows, anid two thousand lusty varlets armied.with should they continue their warfare. The lord Lewis de Sancerre, pikes and shieds. They were in sucm frce tIe btter to resist tieAr - marshal of France, had it in like manner read to him, and a copy enemies, and ay adventurers they ight eicountr t sea; r the given to him. This was very necessary; for he was lieutenant over voyage from Barcelona to Naples is long, and Margaret dcm Dmruzzo, teraverayg rm Bavehdcnellognce tof thpeir isngldig, and Mrae r u'zo all the country of Languedoc, from the river Rh6ne and Avignon, their adversary, might ave had inteligene of their nio, and within which are many valuable estates and lordships, as far as the staiied a fleet accodingly: they therefore wre desirnt of huvin Dordogme. His government contained the s6neschalships of Beau- steth enough to opose ay she cold brig gi te. stengthlenowughv to poe afiry shf Scolyad breting aint thoem. i caire, Carcassonne, Toulouse, Rouergue, Agen, Quercy, Bigorre, W wil now leave te affirs of Sicily, aid et tose of Perigural and Limoges, where were many forts and castles that Perigord iand Limoges, where were many forts and castles tiat France, which is our principal object, and to several other' events minded not the truce, but continued to carry on the war, such as Ch.tel-Cuillier, and the strong castle of Lourdes, on the frontiers of 6arn, which kept the neighborhood under continual alarms. C H A P T E R I V. About this time there was a treaty of marriage on foot, betweea THE KING OF FRANCE IS DESIROUS OF VISITING THE DISTANT PARTS 01 the lord Lewis d'Anjou, son to time late duke, who styled himself BIS KXINDOM. AT THE REqUEST OF T'E LORD. Da ecvey, HE O{tOERs king of Naples, Sicily, Jerusalem, and count of Provence, amid the THE DUItS OF IRELAND OUT OF FRANCE. daughter of the king of Arragon. The queen of Naples wemnt to visit the pope at Avignon, carrying with her the young lord Lewis, and WHEN the king of France saw that his kingdom wams now at peace, there met the lord de Coucy, who was much rejoiced at her arrival. in consequence of the truce with EIglanid, he had a great desire to The queen was handsomely received by the puope and cuirdinals; of visit the more distant parts of it, and particultrly Langumedoc. The lord de la Riviere and' sir John le Mercier, at that timne hila.mimst inta. "'Donzach" — a village in Armngnac. mate advisers, urged him to visit time pope and cardinals at Avignon,. 94a CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. who were desirous of that honor, and thence go to Toulouse, saying as far as Louvain, where he fixed his residence: he went, indeed, that a king when young, should visit his realm to acquaint himself at times, to a castle near Louvain, which he had borrowed from a with its inhabitants and inquire how they have been governed, as it knight of Brabant. The archbishop of York, who was of the house would redound to his profit and glory, and cause himself to be more of Neville, lived with the duke, as lie had been banished England beloved by his subjects. for the same cause as himself. The archbishop's family were very The king was so inclined, and willingly attended to all matters of powerful iln Northumberland, from their property and connections government. The lord de la Riviere, who was but lately returned These two lords, as I have heard, remained at Louvain as long as from those parts, told him that his subjects in the s6neschalships of they lived, for they could never obtain favor with the uncles of the Toulouse, Carcassonne and Beaucaire, were impatient to see him; king of England, and there died. I never heard more of them. for that the duke of Berry, during his government of that country, had sorely oppressed them with taxes and other impositions, through the means of one of his familiars, called Bethisac,* who had pity on C HI A P TE R V. none, and that they were quite ruined. On this account, therefore, it would be proper for him to go thither, and he could then summon KING CHAELES OF FRANCE VISITS HIS UNCLE THE DURVE OF BTRrGUNID, the count de Foix, whom he was so anxious to see, to meet him at AND POPE CLEMENT AT AINN. Toulouse. ABOUT Michaelmas 1399, the king of France set out from the The king having assented to this proposal, ordered immense pur. castle of Beaut6, near Paris, where he left the queen, and took the veyances to be provided for him on the road he was to travel. IHe road to Troyes in Champagne in his way to Burgundy. HIle was signified to his uncle and aunt, the duke and duchess of Burgundy, accompanied by his uncle the duke of Bourbo,:. the duke of Tol. that, as he passed through their lands, he should be glad to see their raine, the lord de Coucy and many other knight, mod continued his children, his cousins; and that he would bring with him his brother journey until he arrived at Dijon. of Touraine, and his uncle of Bourbon. This news of the king's The duke of Burgundy, and his son the count de Nevers, had intended visit. to Burgundy, was highly pleasing to the duke and gone as far as Chatillon-sur-Seine to meet the king. On his arrival duchess. They had proclaimed a festival and tournament to be at Dijon, he was received with every respect and affection by the holden at Dijon, and sent invitations to the knights and squires of duchess of Burgundy, the countess of Nevers, and all who had come Savoy and the adjoining countries, who made their preparations ac. thither to do him honor. From iove to the Iking, many ladies and cordingly. During the time all these different arrangements were damsels, whose company he preferred, were come to Dijon, such as making for the kiing's journey to Avignon and Languedoc, other the lady of Sully, the ladies of Vergy and Pagny, and several others,:events happened in France. handsome and gay, and richly dressed. The dancings and carolings You have heard how the duke of Ireland, formerly earl of Oxford, instantly began: the ladies exerted their talents in singing and dan. had been driven out and banished England, for his demerits, by the cing to amuse the king, the dulke of Bourbon, the duke of Touraine power of the uncles of king Richard, but especially by the dulke of and the lord de Coucy. On the Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday Gloucester, who had been more bitter against him than all the rest; were tilts gallantly performed, and prizes given to the most descry. and how he had fled to Holland, and had remained a short time at ing. The king remained eight whole days at Dijon, tinus amusing Dordrecht, when he was forced thence by duke Albert, the lord of himself: on the tenth, I believe he took leave of the duke and duchDordrecht and Holland, who refused him a residence on his lands, ess of Burgundy and their family. It was the intention of the duke from a wish not to act contrary to the will of his cousins in England, of Burgundy instantly to follow the king, and remain with him; and, notwithstanding king Richard had written to him in his favor. The on this being settled, he departed from Dijon, having bidden adieu duke of Ireland, being forced to depart, went to Utrecht, where he to the ladies and damsels. resided some time, and might have staid there as long as he pleased; The king continued his journey until he came to Villeneuve, near for Utrecht is a free town to receive whoever lists, if they pay for Avignon, where his palace had been prepared. The cardinals of what they want, and this dulke had a sufficiency of money; for he Amiens,* Aisgrenel,t Saint Marcel,{ Neufchastel,~ and upward of had received of the constable, sixty thousand francs, as the balance thirteen others, went out to meet the king, as they were rejoiced at of the ransom of John of Brittany. You have also heard how the king his arrival. The duke of Berry was already at Avignon, and lodged of France had sent him passports to come to France, having invited in the palace of the pope; but he came to Villeneuve to meet his:him thither, and where he had remained for more than a year, the nephew, and fixed his quarters at the hotel of Arras, called Amon.king showing him very great attention, because he was a foreigner. tais, on the road to Montpellier. The dulke of Burgundy arrived the There is nothing but what one is tired of. True it is, that, not. day after the king, at Villeneuve, down the Rh6ne, for at Lyons he withstanding this duke was so well received by the king, the lord de had embarked on board a large barge. Coucy mortally hated him, and not without reason; for although, in These three dukes, being assembled, determined to accompany other affairs, he showed great good sense, honor and liberality, he the king in his visit to the pope in his palace. Having had every. had behaved infamously to the daughter of the lord de Coucy, whom thing prepared accordingly, the kiing of France, attended. by his he had married, and without any reasons, except temptation and brother, his three uncles, and twelve cardinals, crossed the Rhbne deceit, he had divorced and taken another wife, who was from Bo- at nine o'clock, and went to the palace, where pope Clement was.hemia, and one of the ladies attached to the queen of England. waiting for him in full consistory, seated in his robes, on his papal The king and queen had improperly and sinfully consented to this; chair. and pope Urban had, at their entreaties, sent from Rome a dispensa- When tile king came into his presence, he bowed; and, when tion for the marriage. This new marriage not only wounded the near to him, the pope rose up, and the kiing kissed his hands and 4reputation of the duke of Ireland, but was the principal cause of his mouth. The pope then seated himself, and made the king sit by ruin. him on a handsome seat prepared for the occasion. The four dukes, The lord de Coucy was one of the kiing of France's council, and after having kIissed the pope's hands and mouth, seated themselves very deservedly in favor, from the services he had done, and was also among the cardinals. When these ceremonies were over, it willing to do, his country: he therefore, with the assistance of his was dinner-time: they therefore went into the other apartments of friends, sir Oliver do Clisson, the lord de la Riviere and sir John le the pope and the hali, where the tables were spread. When they Mercier, prevailed on the king to dismiss the duke of Ireland. Orders had washed, the pope took his place at a table alone, in much state. were, in consequence, sent him from the king, to choose any other The king was placed at another table below that of the pope, and residence but France, and that he should be safely conducted out of alone also. The cardinals and dukes seated themselves according that kingdom. The duke of Ireland perceived they were tired of' to their rank. T'he dinner was splendid, plentiful and long. When him, and that lie ran daily risks, firom the lord de Coucy and fromn over, wine and spices were brought; and the king then retired to an his relations. He therefore thought it would be best for him to leave apartment that had been prepared for him in the palace, as did the France as soon as possible, and retire to Brabant; and begged of dukes to theirs, for all of.thern had chambers, properly ornamented, the king to write to the duchess of Brabant, that he might live peace. provided for them, and which they inhabited as long as they staid at ably in her country. The king cheerfully complied with his request, Avignon. and wrote to his aunt, the duchess, who at his desire assented to it. On the fifth day after the arrival of tile king of France at Avignon, The duke of Ireland was escorted by the king of France's officers the young count de Savoye, cousin to the king, and nephew to the *" John Betmhisac was oneof the chiefadvisers of the duke of Berry, and was accused duiuke of Bourbon, came thither. The king was pleased at his comn. yitlh Ti6tac and de Bar, two other domestics of this prince, of having raised enormous ing, for he had seen him as he passed through Lyons, and had invited.evies froin the Languedocians, over whom the duke was governor, and, under his name him to Avignon. The king of France, the duke of Touraine and of having committed great plunder and much violence, and of having put large sums the count de Savoye, being young and giddy, neither could nor would into their own pockets. This report gave risetothe following pasquinade, that is even refrain from dancing, caroling, and amusing themselves with the r-arrent in our tines: Tirtac, de Bar, et Bdthisac, ladies and damsels of Avignon, though they were in the pope's pal. Ont mis l'argent du rot au sac." ace and among the cardinals; and the count of Geneva, brother to ~"Bethisac suffered the punishment of his crimes; but the duke of Berry having the pope, was their master of tie revels. The king made suc claimed him as his domestic, those who had sworn his ruin persuaded him to owa he nagnaficent presents to the tlat all his had erred im several articles of faith, which would cause him to be transferred to the bishop, and the duke could the easier save him. Crime often stupefies. Bethisac was simple enough to fall into their trap. The bishop of Beziers had him tried and given 5John de Ia Grange was minister of state under Charles V. who procured him:the over tm, the secular arm as a heretic and sodomite. This wretch was burnt alive, which purple. He was covetous and ambitious. was, says Mtlzeray, a tnu de joie for the people whom he had horribly tormented. Ilis- *t Not in the list of cardinals. $ Q. if not Marcellin. tory does not say whence he sprung, but probably lie was of low origin who wanted to ~ John de Neufchastel —created cardinal by pope Clement. For further pmsrticailar, rise too raPidly." — Dictlonaaira lHistorique. *':'e Moreri. &e CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 499 The pope and cardinals were much rejoiced at this visit of the have every grievance reformed, and the government placed on a dif. king of France, as indeed they had good reason to be; for without ferent footing. The citizens likewise addressed the king during his his support they would have been in little estimation. There were stay at Montpellier, saying, "Sire, the poverty of this town is nothing no kings in christendom whopaid him obedience but such as were to what you will see the further you advance; for this place has allied to France. The kings of Castille and Scotland acknowledged many resources in its commerce, which its: inhabitants carry on by him for pope, as did the king of Arragon, through the intercession sea and land. In the s6neschalships of Toulouse and Carcassonne, of the qucen Jolande de Bar, who was cousin-german to the king and in that part of the country, where these dukes have laid their of France, otherwise he would have remained neuter like his father. hands, there is absolutely nothing; for they have carried off every. You may, therefore, suppose the pope and his cardinals were happy thing portable; and you will find the inhabitants so poor, that those in receiving the king of France; for all they had to depend on was who were in good circumstances have not wherewithal to cultivate obtained through his favor. The king of France remained, I know their fields or vineyards. It is melancholy to see them, their wives not how many days, with the pope and cardinals, revelling and and children; for they had every year five or six taxes on their backs, amusing himself. The pope, on this joyful occasion, gave pardons and they compounded for a third, a half, and sometimes all their to the clergy who were in his courts, and plenary indulgences to all property was taken from them; and no sooner was one tax paid for one month to come. He likewise presented the king with the than another was demanded. These two lords, your uncles, since nominations to all his cathedrals and other churches, and in each they have had the government of Languodoc, have collected, as the church the reversion of two prebends, deferring all his former prom- account will prove, upward of thirty thousand francs from the coan. ises, that these now made might have the precedency, which was try, beginning with Villeneuve, near Avignon, to the Toulousain, as fortunate for many of the French clergy, who were thus provided., far as the river Garonne, and turning back by the river Dordogne. He gave also reversions to the dukes of Touraine, Berry, and Bur- Since the departure of the duke of Anjou to Naples, this government gundy, and the lord de Coucy, which threw back all those he had has been given to the duke of Berry, and he has more severely opformerly promised; and the pope was so courteous and liberal on pressed the country, which he found rich and plentiful: the duke of this occasion, that none went away discontented. Anjou made only the rich pay, who were well enabled to do so; but the duke of Berry spares neither poor nor rich: he swallows up everything by means of one Bethisac, his counsellor and treasurer, C H A P T E R VI. who is a native of Beziers, as you will hear from the complaints the poor will make to you, in crying out for vengeance against'im." THE KING OF FRAxNCE SENDS THE. DUKEs oF BERRY AND BUaGVNDY TO THEIR HOMIES, TO THEIR GREATE DISSATISFACTION, AND CBURGUNDYIUE H The king replied, " May God forsake my soul, if I will not cheer. CONTINUES HIS fullylisten to their complaints, and, before I return, provide a remJOURNEY FROM AVIGNON TO LANGUEDOc. edy for them. I will punish the wicked, and have an inquisi ion THE king of France resided with the pope about eight days, during holden on the officers and servants of my uncles, who formerly had which time his holiness had fully discussed with him his situation, this government; and those who have behaved ill shall be treated and what trouble the other pope at Rome gave him, in depriving accordingly." him of his right, in the schism he caused in the church. The king was willing to do everything in his power to relieve him, and said CHAPTER VII. that on his return to France, he would endeavor to provide a remedy, DURING THE TIME ING CHARLES OF FRANCE IS AT MONTELLIER, TIIREi and exert himself to unite the church. Upon this he took leave of OF HIS CHMBERINS NDERTE TO HOLD A TOURNAMENT NEA TO the pope, and went to Villeneuve, as did his brother and his uncles C IS AGN AL C ER of Berry and Burgundy. The king entertained at dinner all the CALS, GAINST LL COERS. cardinals and the count of Geneva, after which he took leave of THE king of France resided at Montpellier upward of twelve them, returning them his thanks for their attentions, saying, he days, because the respect and amusements he enjoyed there from the should, on the morrow, begin his journey to Montpellier. citizens, ladies and damsels, pleased him greatly. Indeed, the king The cardinals having left the king, it was determined in council, was at this time young and giddy: hlie therefore danced and caroled that he should set out very early, in company with his brother and with these frisky ladies of Montpellier all night. He entertained the duke of Bourbon. He took leave, therefore, of his uncles of them with handsome suppers and banquets, and presented to those Berry and Burgundy, bidding them return to their own estates, as most in his favor rings and clasps of gold. He acquired so greatly he had not then any further occasion for them, intending to go as far the love of the Montpellier ladies that some wished he had made a as Toulouse, and summon thither the count de Foix to meet him. longer stay, for it was one continued revel and pastime the whole His uncles were much disconcerted at this order; but the king's time he was there. You know, or must have heard it noticed, that the council was at that time so formed, that the dukes of Berry and Bur- intercourse of young gentlemen with the fair sex encourages sen. gundy had no voice in it, nor weight, but in trifles. The govern- timents of honor, and a love of fame. I mention this, because there ment of Languedoc had been taken firom the duke of Berry, and were with the king of France three gentlemen of great enterprise divided into s6neschalships, which was not only more profitable to and valor, which they were probably induced to display firom that the king, buit more agreeable to the country; for the duke of Berry, intercourse, as I shall relate. during his government, had grievously oppressed the inhabitants, The names of these three knights were, sir Boucicaut the younger, by heavy taxes, as I shall more fully relate, for it is deserving to be sir Reginald de Roye, and the lord de Saimpi. These knights were detailed. chamberlains to the king, and were much esteemed by him for their The dukes of Berry and Bmurgundy were very melancholy, when worth, for accoutering him so ably with his arms, and in other ser. they found the king was determined they should not accompany him vices, such as good knights owe to their lord. While they were at in his journey; but they dissembled their thoughts from all but each Montpellier amusing themselves with the ladies and damsels, they other, and thus conversed: "The king is going to Languedoc to were called upon to answer a challenge in the couise of the ensuing hold inquisition on those who have governed it, and to treat with summer: the principal cause of this, as I was informed, was as follows. the count de Foix, (who is the proudest person existing, and never During the reign of king Charles V. of happy memory, an Eng. loved nor esteemed, though neighbors, the kings of France, England, lishman of high birth and great renown, called sir Piers Courteney, Castille, Arragon or Navarre,) and only' takes with him la Riviere, camne from England to Paris to challenge sir Guy de la Tremouille, le Mercier, Montaigu and the bdgue de Villaines. What do you in a combat before the king and lords of France, and whoever else say to this, brother?" added the duke of Berry. "Our nephew is might wish to be spectators of it. Sir Guy de la Tremouille acyoung, and if he follow young counsel he will be deceived, and the cepted the challenge; and the king, with the duke of Burgundy and end will not be prosperous, as you will see. For the present, we many of the great barons, were present at this combat. I believe must dissemble this affront; but the time will come, when those they only ran one course with the lance, for the king would not suffer who have advised it shall repent of it, as well as the king. Let more to be done, to the great discontent of the English knight, who them go whither they please, in God's name: we will return to our seemed desirous of pushing the combat to extremities. He was, homes; and, so long as we are united, they cannot do us any injury, however, appeased by fair speeches, saying he ought to be satisfied, for we are the greatest personages in France." Such was the lan- for he had done enough; and lie was presented with very rich gifts guage of these two dukes. by the king and the duke of Burgundy.*'rhe king of France left Villeneuve early in the morning, for Perceiving he could do nothing more, sir Piers Courteney set out Ninmes, where he arrived to dinner; but his uncles and the lord de on his return to Calais; and the lord de Clary, who at that time was Coucy staid with the pope, at Avignon, four days longer, when they a gay and lively knight, was ordered to escort him. They rode on all separated, and each went different ways. The day the king until they came to Luccn,t where the countess de St. Pol, sister to dined at Nimes, he lay at Lunel, and thme next day dined at Mont. king Richard of England, resided. The countess was rejoiced to pellier, which was but three short leagues distant. He was joyfully see sir Piers Courteney; for before her marriage with the count de received by the citizens, ladies, and damsels, who were desirous to St. Pol, she had been united to his cousin the lord Courteney,; but he see him, and offered him magnificent and rich presents; for Mont. Si Piers Courteney is mentioned by l)ogdale. vet. i. pG39, obtained licence peltier is a powerful and wealthy town, full of merchandise, and was in thetth Ric. II to send various presents to the king and lords of France, in return fo much valued by the king, when he had considered its importance. the honors they had paid him in his combat with a knight of that country. This knight The citizens told him it had been infinitely richer than he now found was probably sir Guy de ta Tremouille. The licence is in the Fredera. it, before the dukes of Anjou and Berry had plundered it, as they t" Lueen." 0.. Luzeuz. a town in the comt dao St. PoL. h. This person was Hugh Courteney, son of the carlof t)evonshire; but he died before had severally done in the ir turn. Thed king compassionatd them his father, and of course did ret inherit the earldoom. His wiltow Maude, daughter e much for the losses they had sustained, and promised that he would` sir Thomas IHolland, married Wriaerancount de St. Pol. —DuppaLE. i00 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAiN, &c. had died young, and the English called her lady Courteney rather not unmindful of the engagement ie had made. He had no occasion than countes of St. Pol. While there, the countess, in the course to seek either for armor or arms, for he had brought with him from of conversation, asked sir Piers what he thought of the kingdom of England his own proper arms, which were good and strong. France: he replied, "Certainly, madam, France is very extensive, At this time sir John Warnes* was governor of Calais, to whom rich and plentiful, and well guarded. In our country we do not form he told the engagement he had made with the lord de Clary. Sir a true estimate of it." "And are you pleased with the reception John replied, that he would accompany himn, with some other knights the lords of France have given you? have they not entertained you of Calais. On the ensuing morning, the two knights met at the handsomely?" "To be sure, madam, I am perfectly contented as appointed place; but the English knight was better accompanied to the reception I have had; but, in regard to my having crossed the than the lord de Clary, for he had with him the governor of Calais. sea, they have but shabbily acquitted themselves: and I must say, On their meeting there was not much conversation, for each knew that if the lord de Clary, who is a French knight, had come to Eng- what he was to do. land, and challenged any one, however high his rank, it would have Both of them were strongly and completely armed, to abide the been accepted, and the terms faithfully fulfilled to his utmost plea- event, such as the fortune of arms should decide, and they were well sure; but this has been refused me. True it is, that sir Guy de mounted. They had thei targets fast buckled on, and their lances la Tremouille and myself were brought into the lists; but, when we given them, which were of sharp, well-tempered Bordeaux steel. had run one course with the lance, I was stopped, and ordered from Having taken their distance, they spurred their horses full gallop, the king to attempt nothing more, for that we had done enough. against each other, but missed their strokes, which seemed to vex I therefore say, madam, and shall say and maintain it wherever I go, them greatly. On the second course, they met full; and the lord de that I have not met any one able to oppose me in arms; and that Clary gave sir Piers so severe a blow with his stiff and well-teminpered it has not been my fault, but rests solely with the knights of France." lance, that it pierced the target, and, entering deeply into the shoulThe lord de Clary who was present, marked this speech in his der, struck him off his horse. The lord de Clary, having so ably memory, and with great difficulty held his tongue, on account of his tilted, passed on, and finished his career as an accomplished knight having the English knight under his care. The countess of St. Pol should, and remained quiet; but seeing the English knight was replied; " My lord, you will leave France with much honor, having unhorsed, surrounded by his friends as he lay on the ground, and complied with the request of the king of France, not to proceed thinking that he might have wounded him, for his lance with the further in your combat; for you would have been unable to do more blow was shivered in pieces, rode toward him. The English adcontrary to his will. You cannot incur any blame in this matter; vanced.to meet him, saying he was not a courteous tilter. " Why and all those on each side of the sea that shall hear it told, will give so?" replied the lord de Clary. " Because you have thrust your lance you more praise than blame: I therefore beg of you to rest satis. into sir Piers's shoulder: you ought and could have tilted more libefled." " Lady," said the knight, " that I will do, and not give my. rally." " It was not my part to be over courteous; for I was ready selfy ny further care about it." prepared to meet with such an accident, or perhaps a worse, if it had Here the conversation on this matter ended; and other subjects so happened: but since he had such pleasure in justling, ask him, or were discoursed on, during the day and night they remained. On I will for you, if he be satisfied, or wish for more." Sir John Bernes, the morrow, sir Piers Courteney took leave of the countess de St. upon this, said: "No, sir knight: you may depart, for you have Pol, who presented him with a handsome clasp of gold, and another done enough." The lord de Clary went away with his company, to the lord de Clary, as being his companion, and because the Eng-. and the English carried sir Piers Courteney to Calais, that his wound lish knight was under his care and escort. They left Lucen early I might be attended to and cured. The lord de Clary returned to' in the morning, and took the road to Boulogne, where they lay that France, expecting to receive great praise for the goodly act he night, and the next day rode through Marquise to Calais. Between thought he had done: but I will tell you how it turned out. Boulogne and Calais there are but seven short leagues, and a good When it was made known to the king of France, the duke of road; and at the distance of two leagues from Calais you enter on Burgundy, and their council, that the lord do Clary, in accoridpanyng the territory of Melle, Oye, and Guisnes, which then belonged to the sir Piers Courteney, had fought with, and so dangerously wounded king of England. When they were near to Calais, sir Piers Courte- him, that he was in danger of his life, they were highly enraged ney said: "Lord of Clary, we are now on the territories of the against him, and in particular sir Guy de la Tremouille. They (Ie king of England: you have handsomely acquitted yourself, in escort- clared his conduct deserved at least confiscation of his lands, and ing me; and I give you many thanks for your company." perpetual banishment from the kingdom of France. Others, who The lord de Clary had not forgotten the speech of sir Piers to the were his enemies, said he had acted like an infamous traitor, in chal countess de St. Pol, in the presence of many persons; for it had made lenging and fighting a knight that had been placed under his guard him sulky and fill of anger, which, although at the time he had niot by the king and the duke of Burgundy; that he was guilty of an uinnoticed as he thought it deserved, he was unwilling that it should pardonable crime, and ought to suffer death. pass off unanswered; for he considered it as presumptuous, and dis- The lord de Clary was summoned to appear, which summons he honorable to the chivalry of France. Sir Piers had publicly de. obeyed, and when brought before the king, the duke of Burgundy, dclared, that he had purposely left England to seek deeds of arms in and the council, was sharply reprimanded, for having dared to injure France, and had not found any one in that country willing to oppose a knight who had come firom foreign countries to the court of France him. The lord de Clary had therefore determined, in his own mind, to perform a deed of arms and gain renown, and had left that court that such expressions should not remain unnoticed. He therefore, with perfect satisfaction to all, and under his safeguard; notwith. on taking leave, said: " Sir Piers, you are now on the lands of the standing which, he had on his return, at the boundary of the two king of England, whither I have escorted you, by orders of my king kingdoms, challenged him to mortal combat, without having de. and my lord of Burgundy. You may recollect that, the day before manded permission of his sovereign, on whose territories he was. yesterday, when we were in the apartment of the countess de St. Pol, that this was a crime deserving the severest punishment, by which who entertained us handsomely, you spoke with too great latitude as others might take example. The lord de Clary, on hearing this bitit seemed to me, and too much to the blame and prejudice of the ter reproof, was thunderstruck, for he thought what he had done deFrenoch chivalry; for you said you had come to the court of the king served a contrary treatment. Having paused awhile, he said: "My of France, and had found no one willing to oppose you in arms; lords, it is indeed true that you intrusted to my care sir Piers Court. and you seemed to have it understood, that there was not a knight eney, with orders to escort him as far as Calais or to the borders of in France, who dared to tilt with you three courses with a lance. I the kingdom. Of this I have acquitted myself loyally and faithfully, wish you therefore to know, that I (who am one of the smallest knights which, if necessary to prove, I can readily do so from himself. It is of the realm,) offer myself, to maintain that France is not so devoid also true, that on our road we vsited the countess de St. Pol at Lu. of knights, but that you may find many willing to accept your chal- zieuz, who received us very kindly. While there, the following con. lenge; and if you will accept of me to this intent, either this day or versation passed: The lady asked sir Piers, if he were contented to.morrow, I will meet you without hatred or any ill-will. It is with the lords of France, and whathe thought of the country? The solely with a view to defend our honor, and that you may not return knight courteously replied,' Madam, the state of France is rich, ex. to Calais or England, and boast you have defeated the chivalry of tensive, and plentiful. With respect to its lords, I am perfectly satis. France without striking a blow: now, say whether you will accept fled with the reception and entertainments I have had from them, ex my challenge or not." Sir Piers Courteney was ready with his cepting one thing. I have put myself to very great expense in my answer, and said: "Lord de Clary, you speak well: I accept your preparations and journey to Paris, to perform a deed of arms, but, challenge, and propose that you be at this place to-morrow, armed when arrived there, found none willing to accept of my challenge.' as you please. I will be so likewise; and we will tilt three courses My lords, when I heard this speech before such a lady as the countess with the lance, by which you will recover the honor of France, and of St. Pol, sister to the king of England, my blood boiled within me; give me much satisfaction." "Agreed," replied the lord de Clary: but, with much difficulty I kept silence, because you had intrusted "I will be here at the hour you shall appoint." The two knights him to my care and protection; and I never gave him the least then pledged their faith to each other for this tournament, and sepa- cause to suspect I was any way hurt by what he had ~id, so long rated;: the lord de Clary went to Marquise, which was not far dis- as we continued together in France. But true it is, that when we taut, where he provided himself with armor, a shield, and lance. He were about to separate on the borders of the country of Guisnes, I was not long in doing this; for the knights on the frontier of Bou. reminded him of his expressions to the countess de St. Pol, which, logne and Calais take care to have ample supplies. He did it all, I said, were neither civil nor honorable, as he seemed to wish it to however, as secretly as he could; for he was unwilling that too many I cannot discover sir -______________________________ should know disp of it John Warnes, and must suppose it a mistake; ro sir Willim uhould know ander, sir pieak Comteney, of his srriva at. Ca Beauchamp wain g overnor if Calais when the truoe was sigeed. Lord Bemers calts In like manner, sir Piers Courteney, on his arrival at Calais, was him sir John Bernes. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 501 be understood, that the chivalry of France was so much debased that ever may choose to tilt with us has only to come, or send anuy one, the he could not meet with any one who dared to fight with him: that preceding day, to touch with a rod either of these shields, according t, as a knight of France, if such were his meaning, offered to prove to his courage. If he touch the target, he shall find an opponent ready the contrary, being unwilling that, on his return to England, he on the monrrow to engage him in a minortal combat with three courses should have the power of renewing his boastings: that I was ready with a lance: if the shield, he shall be tilted with a blunted lance; and desiroes to afford him the pleasure of tilting three courses with and if both shields are touched, he shall be accommodated with both a lance, either that or ally future day. Certainly, my lords, I made sorts of combat. Every one who may come, or send to touch our this offer for the honor of the kingdom of France and its chivalry, shields, must give in his name to the persons who shall be appointed who are here present: and it seemed to me, that he accepted my to the care of them. And all such foreign knights and squires as shall challenge with much joy, and fixed the meeting for the morrow, on be desirous of tilting with us, shall bring with them some noble friend, the spot where we were speaking. He then went to Calais, and I and we will do the same on our parts, who will order what may be returned to Marquise, where I provided myself with the necessary proper to be done on either side. We particularly entreat, such noble alms, as he was to do at Calais. On the morrow, according to our knights or squires as may accept our challenge, to believe that we do appointment, we met. He came well attended by some of the gar- not make it through presumption, pride, or any ill-will, but solely with rison of Calais, and some of the knights and squires of the borders a view of having their honorable company, and making acquaintance came with me, such as the lord de MIontearel and sir John de Long- with them, which we desire from the bottom of our hearts. None of villietrs. When we met, we had but a short conversation, and then our targets shall be covered wi.h steel or iron, any more tIhan those tilted with spears of war, for we were both completely armed, to the who may tilt with us; nor shall there be any firaud, deceit, or trick best of our abilities. The fortune of the combat fell to me, for at the made use of, but what shall be deemed honorable by the judges of second course I drove my lance into him, and threw him on the tile tournament. And that all gentlemen, knights and squires. to ground. I then went to see what situation he was in, and if he whom these presents shall come, may depend on their authenticity, wished to continue the combat. The governorof Calais told me that we have set to them our seals, with our arms, this twentieth day of what had been done was sufficient, and that I might depart. This November, at Montpellier, in the year of grace 1389." Underneath I did. You have ordered me hither, and here I am. I thoug.ht I was signed, Reginald de Royn, Boucicaut, Saimpi. had acted properly in support of the honor of the king donmand its The king of France was well pleased with this courageous chaL chivalry, and have related to you the exact truth. If I am to be pun- lefnge of his three knights, and declared it should have his consent, ished for what I have done, I shall submit myself to the judgment of if, on examination by his ministers, there was no fault found with the my lord the constable, and the marshals of France, anrd also to the terms it was couched in. It was objected to by some, that it was evidence of sir Piers Courteney himself, with whose consent I have wrong to fix the place for this tournament so near to Calais, as the fought this duel, and to the discretion of all knights and squires of English might think it was arrogantly and particularly aimed at honor in France or England, who may wish tj attend to it. them; and that all occasions of quarurel should be avoided, for a truce The lord de Clary, having thus clearly exculpated himself, greatly had been agreed to for three years between France and England. softened the anger of those who had sent for him: but this did not The king's ministers were one whole day considering the matter, prevent him fromn being committed to prison, where he remained a without cominig to any conclusion. Some of the most prudent said, considerable time in much danger. His lands were seized, and him- it ought not to be allowed, nor the whims of wild young knights to self on the point of banishment friom France, when the lord de Coucy be acceded to, for more evil than good might ensue friom them. The and the duke of Bourbon, who loved him, interfered, and with great king, however, who was young himself, greatly inclined toward them, difficulty made his peace, by means of the countess de St. Pol, who and said; "Let them perform their enterprise: they are young and testified to the truth of whliat he had said, of the conversation that had courageous, and, besides, have vowed to do so before the ladies of passed at her house. On obtaininig his liberty, he was addressed; Montpellier. We are desirous they should undertake it, and bring "Lord de Clary, when you challenged sir Piers Coorteney to fight, it to the happiest end they can." instead of acting, as you thought, very gallantly, you behaved in- When the king had thus declared his mind to the council, no one famously; for hlie was under the protection of the king, and you had made further opposition, to the great joy of the knights. The chalorders to conduct him in safety to Calais. You committed a great lenge having been agreed to in the manner the knights had drawn outrage, when you noticed, in the manner you have yourself declared, it out, the king called them into his closet, and said; " Boucicaut, the conversation he held ii joke at the countess de St. Pol's. Before Reginald, and Saimpi, be attentive to this your enterprise, to guard you had proposed this combat, you ought to have returned hither to well your own honor and that of our kiiigdom: let nothing be spared my lords, and have told them, that sir Piers Courteney had held such in the state you keep; for I will not fail to assist you as far as ten and such insolent language against the honor of the knights of France thousand francs." The three knights cast themselves on their knees, in your presence. They would then have ordered you how to act. and returned the king their warmest thanks. Because, therefore, you have not done this, you have been thus punished. Be another time more discreet; and return thanks for your deliverance to my lord of Bourbon and the lord de Goucy: they have CHAPTER VIII. exerted themselves much to serve you, as has the countess de St. Pol; for that good lady took great pains that you should be acquit- DURING THE KING OF FRANCE S RESIDENCE AT BEZIERS, ACCUSATIONS ARC MDU~~GTE AGINST BHFA TRiOEASURERSIHEDENCE OF BErIRS, ACSTHIONSAIC ted." The lord de Clary replied: "Many thanks, my lords;" ad- MADE AGAINST BETHISACP TREASURER TO THE DUItE OF BERRY. THINKding. "I certainly thought I was deserving more praise than blame, ING TO BE SENT TO THE POPE AND ESCAPE FUNUISTR S TF HE CONFESB E when I acted as I did." when I acted as I did." IItMSELF A HERETIC AND SODOMITE, BUT IS TRANSFERRED OVER, BY TItE During the stay of the king of France at Montpellier, he gave a OFFICIAL AT BEZIERS, TO THE SECULAR POWtR, AND BURNT. grand banquet to many ladies and damsels of that town; during WHEN the king of France had, for fifteen days or more, taken his which, all I have just related was talked over, and the cause was, amusements with the ladies and damsels of Montpellier, and his min. that the three knights, who were desirous of holding the lists against isters, during that time, had attended to the state of the town, for that all comers, wished to avoid falling under like blame to the lord de had been the cause of his coming, and had made many reforms and Clary. taken off several heavy taxes of which the inhabitants had complained, Sir Boucicaut the younger, sir Reginald de Roye, and the lord de hie graciously took his leave of the ladies, and one morning very Saimpi, offered to hold a field of arms on the fi'ontier of Calais, in thile early departed, following the road to Alipiam,* where he dined, and course of the ensuing summer, against all foreign knights and squires, lay that night at St. Thibery.t On the morrow, after his morning for the space of thirty days, and to tilt with blurt lances or others. draught, he set off and came to Beziers, where he was received most The king of France, as well as those present, thinking this proposal joyfully; for the good people of that town, and the adjoining ones of was rather presumptuous, remonstrated with them, ind desiredl they Pezenas, Cabestan, and Narbonne,t were anxious to see him, in order would put down their challenge on paper, that if any improper lan- to make their complaints against an officer of the duke of Berry, guage were made use of, it might be corrected; for the king and his called Bethisac, who had impoverished the country all around, by ministers wished to examine it, being unwilling that any improper or seizing whatever he could lay his hands on. This Bethisac had atunusual terms should be used. The three knights agreed that this tended the king's company ever since he had left Avignon; but the would be right, and, in reply to the king, said thley would instantly king's ministers, who sought his ruin, never told him, " Bethisac, look obey his commands. They ordered a clerk, with pens, paper, and to yourself, for very strict inquiries will be made into your manageInk, into another apartment, and dictated to him as follows: ment; there have already been made very heavy accusations against " From the great desire we have to become acquainted with the you to the king." But, on the contrary, they made him good cheer, nobles, gentlemen, knights, and squires bordering on the kingdon of joked and laughed with him, and promised him increased honors, in France, as well as with those in the more distant coruntries, we pro- which he was disappointed, as I shall shortly relate. pose being at St. In'clvere* the twentieth day of May next ensusig, The king of France left St. Thibery at one o'clock in the afterand to remain there for thirty days complete; and on each of these noon, and between three and four entered the town of Beziers. He thir:y days, excepting the Fridays, we will deliver from their vows was met by the bishop and all the clergy in their robes, and the all knights, squires, and gentlemsen, firom whatever countries they citizens, ladies, and damsels in procession: they formed a lane, may come, with five courses with a sharp or bhist lance, according through which he rode a foot's pace; and, as he passed, they all fell to their pleasune, or with both lances if more n.agreeable. On the outside of our touts will be hung our shields, blazoned with our arms;' Atioiam." It is Otiniam in the MSS. ad Atpiam in Verard. t. if net intelmml~ that is to say, with our target, of war aind our shields of peace. Who- for yule Airac, whieii is on the tine flea Montpeltier to St. Ttitbsy. "St. Thibery" —a town inthe diocese ofAdte, near Pezenas. * "Sr. Iagelvere"-a villagS~e mu Picardy, nea~r Cal~is. $ " Pezena:, Cabestx, and Narbonne." towns in Lower Langulon 502 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. on their knees. In this manner was he conducted to the cathedral, you been well paid for the pains and services you have done him I and dismounted at the portico, where had been erected a rich altar, one hundred thousand francs is a pretty tolerable recompense " adorned with holy relics from the church. The king, having on his " My lords," saic Betilisac, "I am very well satisfied with what.my knees very devoutly made his prayers at this altar, was conducted lord of Berry has givuen me; for he wished all his people to be rich." into the church by the bishop of Beziers and the duke of Bourbon, "Ha, Bethisac," replied the council, "you now talk like a fool: followed by all the great lords. He remained in the church about riches, ill acquired, are neither honorable nor profitable. You must half an hour, and then went to the palace that was adjoining, where return to prison, and we will consider w;rhat you have now told us, he, his brother the duke of Touraine, and his uncle the duke of and wait there the king's pleasure, to whom we will report every. Bourbon, were lodged. The other lords were lodged in the town, thing you have said in your defence." "My lords," replied Bethiseac, which was of a sufficient size, for Beziers is a large city. "God assist me!" The king was for three days revelling with the ladies and damsels of Beziers, before any notice was taken of Bethisac; but the inquisitors who had been ap. _himawere and outsidleb dd thateir offices ENTRY oP CEARLES OF TO B- -.... D __:m___ p., pointed to make inquiries concerning..... him were not idle, but did - their office secretly, and discovered many atrocious acts deserving the severest punishment. On the fourth day, Bethisac was sum.- i, i ___ mnoned before the council, and shut up in a chamber for his examination. He.. t was ordered to make answer to the fol- lowing accusations, and was shown at' the same time a number of complaints and petitions that had been presented to the king at Beziers, accusing him of weak management and such great extor- tions as made the whole country cry out against him. All these were read in his h t - I presence. To some he gave satisfactory answers, to others not, saying he s had no knowledge of them, and refer. P ring them to the sineschals of Beaucaire and Carcassontne, and to the chancellor of' Berry. They concluded this exami- i nation by telling him, it was necessary, to commit him to prison until he should clear himself friom these heavy charges. This he obeyed, for he could not help it; and, as soon as he was gone, the inquisi. tors;went to his house, and seized all his papersand accounts of whatever things ENTRY OF CIIAnLEs KING OF FRANCE TO BEZERS. Designed from Illustrations of the period.. he had been concerned in, carrying them away to search into them more at leisure. They discovered a variety of transactions and accounts of large sums He remained in pnrison four days without being noticed by the that he had extorted from these countries. He was asked, if these council. When it was known in the country that Bethisac had been iccounts were just, and what had become of the large sums he had arrested and thrown into prison, and that an inquisition was holding received; he answered, "that the accounts were just; that the on his conduct; and that whoever had any complaints to make should whole amount had been paid to his lord of Berry, and had passed come forward; numbers hastened to Beziers, and presented petitions through his hands, or these of other treasurers, for which he had re. and accusations of heavy charges against Bethisac at the king's ceived legal acquittances, that were in such a place of his house." palace. Some complained that lie had robbed them of their lands Persons were sent thither, who laid them before the council: and without cause; others of the violences he had committed on their they were found, on comparing them, to tally tolerably well with the wives and daughters. In short, the complaints were so numerous, accounts of receipt. that the king's council were tired of hearing them: they plainly The inquisitors and the council were satisfied, and Bethisac was showed how much he was hated by the people, which arose from the no longer closely confined. The council conferred together, and great exertions he had made to fill the purse of the duke cf Berry. said, "Bethisac is clear from this accusation; for it is apparent, that The council were embarrassed to know how to act; for the duke all the sums the people complain of having been exacted from them of Berry had sent to Beziers two knights, the lord de Nantouillet have been paid to the duke of Berry. How can we help it if these and sir Peter Mespin, with credential letters to the king. T'hese sums have been extravagantly spent?" Bethisac's defence was knights avowed, in the name of the duke, all the acts Bethisac had nothing but the truth; for this duke of Berry was the most covetous committed, as done by his command, srfd claimed, at the samne time, man alive, and if he could only get money cared not by what means; the person of Bethisac, that they might conduct him to his lord, the and when he had it, he miserably expended it, like many of the pres- duke of Berry. The king, from the many infamous stories he had ent and past times. heard of Bethisac, hated him, and he and his brother were inclined The king's ministers found nothing in the conduct of Bethisac to have him put to death: but the council dared not condemn him, that was deserving death. All, however, were not of this opinion; as they too much feared. the duke of Berry. They said to the king, for some of them said, I".Bethisac has made such cruel levies, and "In case my lord of Berry takes on himself all the acts of Bethisac, so impoverished the people, to gratify the passions of my lord of whatever they may deserve, we do not see that, with any plea of Berry, that the blood of these poor creatures cries out loudly against justice, we can put him to death. For at the time when lie raised him; for that he being the only one from those parts of the duke's all these vast sums, by harassing the people with taxes, levies, and council, and knowing the poverty of the country, should have remon- subsidies, the duke of Berry acted as if he were king, with the same strated with the duke, and if he refused to listen.to him, he should royal power you have at this moment. We can, however, do one have come and informed the king and council of the situation of the thing, as a punishment for his crimes: we may take possession of country, and of the duke's intentions: proper measures would then all his goods, moveable and immoveable, and reduce him to the state have been taken, and himself exculpated for the large sums he was in which the duke of Berry found hkim, and distribute these among now accused of having amassed." such as have suffered the most from his wickedness." In consequence, Bethisac was remanded before the council, and Why should I make a longer story of it? Bethisac was on the again more closely examined, touching the expenditure of the great point of escaping with the loss indeed of his fortune, when other sums that had been raised and paid to the duke of Berry, for they events happened that I will relate. I know not, nor have ever beer had found the amount to be three millions of francs. He replied, able to learn but from his own confession, whether he was or was & My lords, I cannot make out any clearer account of this: the duke not guilty of the crimes he accused himself of. He declared he had has laid out large sums in the reparations of his castles and houses, been for a long time a heretic, and had done many horrid and wicked in the purchase of lands in the county d'Estampes, from the count deeds. According to the information I had, some persons visited de Boulogne, and in jewels; and you know he is very careless in him by night in prison, and, to frighten him, said: "Bethisac, you such purchases. His establishments, which were very great before, are in an unfortunate situation; for the king of France, his brother, have been much increased; and he has made such presents to Thi- and the duke of Bourbon, are determined on your death; and thfly bant and Morinot, and the valets about his person, that they are be- have had so many accusations against your conduct, when you fjr. come very rich." "And you, Bnethisac," asked the council, "have merly governed Languedoc, that they judge you deserving the gal. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 5) lows, and you will not escapc witlh the confiscation of your wealth. returned to their in, paid their expenses, mounted their horses, and This has been offcred to the king; but he hates you mortally, and set out on their return to the duke of Berry. has refused it, saying, that both your property and your body too The end of Bethisac was, that about ten o'clock in the morning was forfeited to him, and you should not long remain confined. We of the next day he was carried from prison to the palace of the bishup, tell you this, that you may consider and make the best of yoiir time; where were assembled his judges and the official of the bishop.,'s for to-morrow you will be brought firom prison, and, from the appear- court. The bailiff of Beziers, under whose care he had been com.,rces we have observed, we suppose you will be condemned to death. mitted prisoner, said to the officers of the bishop, "Here is Betrhisac, rhis speech greatly terrified Bethisac, who exclaimed, "Ah, holy whom we deliver to you as a Bulgarian, a heretic, and one erring Mary! are there no means to avoid this?" "Yes,":eplied they: greatly against the faith, who, had he not been a clerk, should have "say to-morrow that you wish to speak to the cou:ncil: they will been punished by us according to his deserts." The olfficial de. either come or send for you. When in their presence, say,'My manded if he were such a person as had been represented, and that lords, I fear I have grcatly offended God, and for this offence am I he would, in the hearing of the people, avow or deny it. Bethisac, now suffering under these slanderous reports.' They will ask what who expected to escape by confessing himself guilty, replied, that you mean. Reply, that you have for a long tinme erred from the faith, the charges were true. He was thrice asked this question, and thrice and that you are a heretic. Keep steady to this declaration. The acknowledged it aloud. You may suppose how grossly he must bishop of Beziers, when he hears this, will claim you to be given up have been deceived: had he kept firm to the defence he had made to him. This will be instantly complied with, for such cases devolve to the accusations brought against him, he would have been acquit. to the ecclesiastical juri-idiction. You will be sent to Avignon, where ted; for the duke of Berry had taken upon himself all the charges no one will venture to accusec you in opposition to the duke of Berry, of extortion, in raising the taxes in Languedoc. Fortune, one may whom the pope dare not anger. By this means you will escape, conclude, played him this trick; and when he was seated, as he without loss of life or fortune; but, if you hesitste in taking advan- thought, on the top of her wheel, she suddenly turned it round and tage of the ea.rliest opportutnity, to-morrow you will be hanged: for whirled him in the dirt, as she has done to thousands since the world the king hates you from the clamor of the pcople, with whom you began. know how unpopular you are." Bethisac was, by the official, given over to the bailiff of Beziers, Bethisac unfortunately believed all this false information that had who, in temporal matters, governs for the king: without delay, he been given to him, for those who are in peril of their lives are much led him to the square before the palace, and made such haste, that confused in mind: he said, "' You are my good firiends who thus Bethisac had no time to make any defence, nor retract what he had kiindly advise me, anrd nmay God reward you for it!' The time may said; for when he saw the fire,'and that he was put into the hands perhaps comea when I shall be enabled to thank you otherwise than of the executioner, he was affrighted, and perceived that he had been by words." Upon this, his visitors departed. When morning came, betrayed. He called aloud to be heard, but no attention whatever Bethisac called the ji'ler, and said: "My friend, I beg of' you to was paid to him': he was told, " Bethisac, the order is given, and go, or send, to such and such nersons,"' whom he named, in the you must die: your evil deeds have brought you to a disgraceful number of his inquisitors. He tqplied, he would do so; and they end." Much haste was made, for the fire was lighted; and they were informed, that Bthisae wantled to speak with them in his prison. had erected a gallows and a post, with a large collar and chain: they They hastened thither, ina the hope that they were already acquainted opened the collar by a hinge, and closed it again, when round his with the purport of his sending for them. When arrived, they asked'neck, and dragged him to the post, fastening him thereto with the what lie wanted: he ansvwered, "My fair sirs, I have had time to chain. He cried aloud, saying: " Duke of Berry, they wrongfull) examine thLe state of my conscience: anid I fear I have greatly of- and treacherously are putting me to death." The moment he was fended God, by having for a long time erred in my faith; for I do fastened to the stake, they covered him with dry faggots, to which not believe one word of the Trinity, nor that the son of God has ever they set fire; and thus was Bethisac burnt, and his bones hanged: deigned to debase himself by descending from leaven, and putting the square being in front of the palace, the king of France, if he on tie human form by being bortn of woman. I believe likewise, pleased, might have witnessed it from the windows of his apartments. that when we die, our soul dies with us." "By holy Mary, Bethi- Such was the miserable end of Bethisac; and the people revenged sac," replied the inforiaers, "you do indeed err greatly against the onT him the many great vexations and violences he had committed church: consider well what you have said, for your speech deserves during the time he governed Languedoc.* the flames." " I know not," answered Bethisac, "whether my speech deserves fire or water; but such have been my opinions ever since I came to understanding, anid such will they continue as long as I live." C A P T E R IX. The inquisitors were so rejoiced at what he had said, that they would not fr the presaent listen to more; but on their departure, strictly wHEmN THE KING OF FRANCE IS AT TOULOUSE, HE SUMMONS TII COUNT DZ charged the jailer not to admit to him man or woman, lest he should FOIX, WHO, ON IlS ARRIVAL, PAYS HIM HOMAGE FOR HIS COTNTv Of retract his opinions, and hastened to lay before the council what they FOIX. had heard. They went to the king, in his chamber, anrid reported Tin; king of France did not remain long in Beziers after this severe what Bethisac had declared. Ile was greatly astonished, and said: act of justice, but set out with his. array, taking the road toward "' We order him to be put to death: hlie is a wicked wretch, a heretic CGarcassonne. Since he had left Avignon, he had been always at and thief. We will, that lie be burnt and h'anged, that he may have tended by his marshal, sir Lewis de Sancerre. The king did not the reward he deserves; nor for anythling my uncle of Berry shall follow the straight road, but visited different towns, such as Cabes. say, will I pardon him." tan,t Narbonne,t Lymoux,~ Montroyal,{] and Fougans, thence he reNews was soon spread through Beziers and other places, that Be- turned to Carcassonne, where he resided four days. On his departure thisac had of his own free will, without the least constraint, confessed he passed through Ville-franche,~ Avignonet** and Mont-giscard,tt himself a heretic and had long fdllowed the doctrines of the Bulga- in his way to Toulouse. The inhabitants of this city, being anxious rians,* and that the king hadt condemned him to be burnt and hanged. to see him, went out in grand procession, hsndsomely dressed, and The inhabitants of Btziers were pleased at this, for he was nmuch escorted himt with much pomp to the castle of Toulouse. The citL hated by them.'Thle two knights fioom the duke of Berry were zens of the town, which is rich and important, made the king such thunderstruck, and krew not how to act: at legtk sir Peter Mespin, precents, on his arrival, as well pleased him. addressing himinself to the lord de Naitouillet, said: " suspect that When the king had refreshed himself for three days in Toulouse, he Bethisac has been betrayed, a-,d tlhat some one, who has been to see was advised to summon the count de Foix, who had left Bearn, and him in prison, has fiightened d him, and advised him to accuse hitm- fixed his residence at a town in Foix, called Mazeres, fourteen leagues self; and that, if he persist in owninvig himisaelf guilty of these horrible frotm Toulouse; for he had received information of the king's arrival and infamous crimes, the chturch will c:mimim him to be tried accord- at Toulouse, and of his inatention to summon him. The marshal of ing to its canons, antd lie will be delivcered p to the pope at Avignon. France and the lord de la Riviere, were ordered to wait on the count, Ah, the blockhead will be deceived! for I have already heard the who, settinu out oa a Wednesday after dinner, arrived at a tolerably king has declared he shall be burnt a:d hanrged. Comne, let us hasten good town in the Toulousain, called Isle Jourdain,$t and on the to his prison, and reinolstrate with him on his folly, anid make itian morrow, by dinner.-time, cname to Mazeres. The count de Foix, on, retract aIll ne has said, for he hIs; been betrayed by false friends.'' learning th;iir s srival, received themm kindl,, firom his affection to the, The two kl;nights iinimediately went foitn their lodginigs to tihe kinig, and fioma his former acquaintance with them. prison, ntid denttded fionom toe j:iltr to speak wiith Bet himac. The The macshah, addressing himt, said: "My lord of Foix, our very - jailer excused himself, saying: "My lords, I ami piuaticularly ordered, dear lord, the king of France, sends us to invite you to come to Tou. as well ns these four sergeantsi-at-arms, vwho have been sent hither by the king, nor to sufler aiy'tie to converse withi the prisoner, uW- Deaon Vaijsette, in his history of lasnlmedoc. gives very satismfactory reasons, to show der pain of our lives; and this cometimamad of the king we dare not ~hat'Froiss'at wis mci takea ms to the tittie of Bethiaae's execution, which took plac: disobey." Tlhe kniights perceived all further atteiampt would be vain, lie 2ttd Oreebsi IJi ii Toleose, soimie montits after the king had left Bezisa for it was over with Bhi tisac, and that lao niuist die for the crimes of For "Cbotan"er pit:li Iower t anueat to tctst oisioner. Caesa aL io~j~)lt Ltcwa e! lower Laagitedoc, diacetae fNimnes. which he had been wickedly induiccd to accuse himselif. They then N rNarbonne" — a large city in lower Langt edo. ~ " LymnmlX" —la city in upper Languedoc, five leagues from Garcassoane. II "Mrit-royal-" f. * Thits name was given to the M oriehesan.. Theiri doctrines had passed from Greece ~1 "Ville-franehe" —a town in upper Languedoc, diocese of'Alby. aito Bulgaria, fi'om wheitce teyr hid spread iver morripe: heitce the naene tf' Baolses *'" Aviznonet" —m town in upper Lasnuedoc, diocese of St. Papoul. er Blulgaianas was giaten to thosre whom tie church of Roate calletd hleresiarclls. The it "Mont-gscttrd" —a town in upper Languedc, three leagues fromiToumm~o. Alhigsasims had hi the preceding century been diatlaiguiuhed by tluts nttame. —E). 1 I:[ "Iset of Jourdsin" —a tows in Armagnac, six leagues from Toulouse. 504 CHRONICLES OF ENGL.AND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. louse; otherwise, so great is his desire to see you, that he will do his the counts de la Marche and de Vendbme, and none others. At the utmost to visit you in your own country." The count replied, "Sir second were seated, the lord Charles d'Albret, the count de iar Lewis, I will not give the'ling the troubl' of coming to me: for it court, the lord Philip de Bar, and four other knights attached to the is more becoming that I wait on him. You will tell him, therefore, count de Foix. At another table were placed the marshal de San if you please, from me, that I will be in Toulouse within four days." cerre, sir Roger d'Espaign, and eight of the count's knights. This "It is well said," replied the knight: "we will return, and carry dinner was magnificent and splendid in all respects. When they him this your answer." " That you may boldly do," said the count; " but not to. day; for you shall now stay with me, as [ am heartily glad to see you both; and in the morning you' shall set out on your return.' The two knights remained with humorerson that day eand nightand they cn - the count, who was in the highest good humor, that day and night, and they con.,,i= versed on various subjects. The count and t d was a wise and prudent man, and had a bi it might, his most private thoughts. At bed-time, they took leave of the count, w' h intending' to set out very early in the [';~ morning for Toulouse, which they did, and I believe performed the journey in l one' day. Ontheir return, they found the king playing at chess with the duke of Bourbon, who, on seeing them, called out,,w "Well, what news? Will the count de Foix come or not?he" "1Yes, sire, replied la Riviere: Ihe has a very earnest desire ol to come to you, and will be here within a four days." "iWell," said the king, " we shall be very bappy to tee him." The two kniohts then left the king to continue his game, and went to sup and re arl the fresh themselves, for they had rode a long day's journey. The count de Foix, who resided at Mazeres, was not forgetful kned of the journey he was to make; and his preparations were soon ready, for be had given orders on that head when he had first heard of the ling's coming to Toulouse. He sent forward to had dined, the tables were removed; and, grace being said, they Toulou-e purveyances in abundance, suitable to his rank, and had amused themselves in various ways. The king and the lords were ordered two hundred knights and squires from B6arn to attend him. on their feet nearly two hours, in the presence chamber, listening to On the day the count had fixed for his arrival at Toulouse, he entered the minstrels, for the count do Foix took delight in them. the city with upward of six hundred horse, and well accompanied by After this, wine and spices were brought, and the com"fit box was knights and squires of his vassalage. Among them were, sir Roger presented solely to the king by the count de Harcourt. Sir Gerard d'Espaign his cousin, the lord de Corasse, the lord do Valeutin, the de la Pierre did the same to the duke of Bourbon, and sir Menaut lord de Quer, the lord de Baruge, sir Espaing du Lyon, the lord de de Noailles to the count de Foix. Wahen this was done, it was Roquepaire, the lord de Lane, the lord de Besach, the lord de Perle,sir nearly four o'clock in the afternoon: the cunt do Foix took leave Peter de Cabestan, sir Menaut de i oailles, sir Richard do la Mothe, of the king, the duke of Bourbon, and the other lords, and, leaving air Arnold de Saint Basile, with many others.'H was also attended the hall, vent into the court, where he found his horses and attendby his two brothers, sir Peter and sir Arnold do B6arn, and his two iants waiting for him. The count and his company having mounted, bastard sons, whom he affectionately loved, sir Evan and sir Gracien returted to his lodgings, much pleased with the reception and entery de Foix. The couat had intentions of settling on these two sons the tainment the king of France had given him, and praised him ocx greater part of B6arn, which, being free land and dependent on no ceedingly when conversing with his knights. During the tiie the one but God, he could dispose of as he pleased, king of France and count Gaston do Foix were at Toulouse, many The count de F'oix dismounted at the convent of the Friar Preach- tokens of affection passed between them, which was encouraged to ers, where he and his household were lodged;, and his people quar- the utmost of their power by the marshal Sancerre and the lord do la tered themselves as near him as they could. The citizens of Ton- Riviere, because they saw the king, as well as the duke of Bourbon, louse showed much joy at the arrival of the count de Foix, for they had conceived a friendship for the count de Foix. loved him from his being so kind a neihbor, and never suffering The count de Foix one day entertained at dinner the duke of;tIy of his people to make war or commit violence on their country. Touraine, the duke of Bourbon, the count do la Marche, and tle they presented him with the finest wines, and so many other things, other French lords. The dinner was beyond measure grand and,that he was well contented with them. He made his entry into plentiful, with numerous dishes and devices. Upward of two hun. Toulouse rather late in-the evesing, and remained all that night in dred knights were seated at table, served by those of the count de his lodgings. On the morrow, about ten o'clock, he mounted his Foix; and, just as the tables were on the point of removal, the king horse, as did those who were to attend him to the king, consisting of of France, who had dined at the castle, made his appearance, at. more than two hundred knights, all ien of distinction; and in this rtended by the lord Charles d'Albret and the lord Philip de Bar, his state he paraded through the streets of Toulouse to the castle, where cousin-germans, He could not resist the pleasure of seeing this the king resided. He dismounted in the court within the first square company, and had come to the lodgings of the count attended by of the *astle, where servantstook and held their horses. only eleven others. The count de Foix and the whole company The count and his company ascended the steps of the great hall, were highly pleased at this condescension of the king incoming to whither the king had gone from his chamber to wait his arrival; for visit him. Various were the diversions on this occasion; and the ~he was very anxious to see him for the gallant actions he had per- Gascons and French tried their skill and strength in wrestling, formed, and on account of his'fair reputation. The count de Foix, throwing the bar or javelin for the farthest or highest; and it was who was very handsomehin person and in countenance, entered the night before the king dnd the company separated. Thecount preo hall bareheaded, (for he never wore a cap,) with his hair scattered sented that day to the duke of Touraine, the duke of Bourbon, and,about: when he perceived the king, his brother, uncle, and the lords to the knights and squires attached to the king, more than sixty lof France, inthe act of doing the king honor, and not till then, he coursers, palfreys, and ambling mules, all saddled and caparisoned bondedvery low on one knee; he afterwards rose up, advanced, and becoming their different ranks. Hie gave also to the minstrels of the knelt a ysecond time closeto the kingew, who raised o im upte wintheh hein s beyndmesurg a d n Th eand, and embrace-' him,saying, "Fair cousin of Foix, you are d "kightere was another custun at the tahoes of the king aad great haroas, whirh was hwelcome, for your vsst has grea.tly rejoiced us." "My lord," replied net ustal at the entertainnents otprivate persons. Besides the sires whict comoeding ~the~ count,"I thank you much for whatwyou are pleased to say.l the dessert, and were intended tar the glests in common, there were oather more Bare state he' caradedthrount, nhepsreetsofulse that where served in a boxn divided into compartments, whieh was of gold angd *they had a long conversation together, until dinner-time arrived, but silver or silver cilt, and called a'dragenir' Icomeit box.) It was commontly a sqeuire oI nither heardsthe words nor the subject. Water being brought, or some person of distinction who had the honar to present it to his lors alone, unleys'They washed, and seated themselves at tablen. The archbishop of he wished to have particular respect paid to tny is his guests, to wiom the seen it."i "Toulousewashseatediattherheadof the king's tabonet tro hishmbr the whFroissart is risen quoted as in the text, hr It. Is Grand inlussy, to whio i reanr fot'hulctuse was v eryd anxious tosee himd oforthe king's tablla next ac further particulars respectingd this and other ancient customs, ing his " Vie invde ims hreking, then his uncle thae duke of Bourbon, then the count do Foix, Frandois." CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 5, / king, the duke of Teuraine, and the duke of Bourbon, two hun- wise, and I also can do that; but it would be through nmeans of my dred golden crowns, and to the heralds a like sum. All, therefore, horse." "Come," said the king, "who will be there first? you or were loud in the praise of his generosity. I: let us wagelr on this." "With all my heart," answered the duke, On the fourth day after this entertainment, the count de Foix, well who would at all times exert himself to get mtoney. A wager was, attended by the barons and knights of B'arn and Foix, waited on in consequence, made between them, for five hundred firancs, who the king, at the castle, to perform what had been required of him; should the first arrive at Paris, setting out, on the morrow, at the that is to say, his homage for the county of Foix and its dependen- same hour, taking with them only one servant, or one knight, as cies, reserving to himself, as free land, BWarn. There had been, be. they pleased. No one attempted to prevent the race firom taking fore this, many treaties negotiated between the king and count de place, and they set out as they had settled it: the lord de Garencieres Foix, through the king's ministers, the lord de la Riviere, sir John accompanied the king, and the lord de Viefville the duke of Touraine. Ic Mercier, and the bishop of Noyon, who had lately arrived from Thus these four, who were young and active, rode on night and day, Avignon; but these treaties were kept very secret. It was said, frequently changing horses, or had'hemselves conveyed in carts, that the count de Foix required of the king that Evan de Foix should, when they wished to take any repose. after his dacease, inhe.rit that country, in consideration of which the The duke of Bourbon returned by Puy in Auvergne to his own king should receive, on the day of the count's death, one hundred country, and, on his road, visited his father-in-law, the dauphin of Authousand francs; that his other son, sir Gracien, should hold the vergne, the dauphiness, and their children, who were eight in number, lands of Aire in Bearn, with the good towns of Aire and Mont- brothers and sisters to the duchess of Bourbon by a second marriage. marsen; and that all the lands the count then held in BWarn, should The king of France and his brother continued their journey with revertto his heir, the viscount de Chateaubon. This distribution much exertion, to gain the wager. Consider what pains these two had caused a difference between the count, his barons, and knights; young princes must have taken, for all their establishments were left several of whom said, that this could not be legally done without behind. The king took four days and a half to perform the journey the public cbnsent of the vassals of Bearn and Foix. As an inter- to Paris, and the duke of Touraine only four days and one third,* mediate step, homage was made of the county of Foix to the king so near were they to each other; but the duke won the wager, by of France, who, by the advice of his council, said to the count and the king sleeping eight hours at Troyes in Champagne. The duke barons of Foix, " I now hold in my hand the homage for my county embarked on the Seine, and went as far as Melun by water: there of Foix; and if the succession should happen to be vacated, by the he remounted and rode on to Paris, straight to the hotel de Saint death of our cousin, the count de Foix, in our lifetime, we will come Pol, where the queen and the duchess resided, and inquired after the to such resolutions concerning it, through the advice of our council, king, (for he was ignorant whether he was arrived or not,) and was that Evan de Foix, and all the vassals of that country, shall be per-. rejoiced to learn that he was not come. He said to the queen, fectly satisfied therewith."* "Madam, you will very shortly hear of him." This was true; for This speech was sufficient for the count and his barons then pres- not long after the duke's arrival, the king made his appearance, ard ent. When the regulations had been properly written out and the duke ran to him and said, "My lord, I have won the w:ager - sealed, the count de Foix took leave of the king, his brother, uncle, order me to be paid." "That is but just," replied the king, "and and the French lords; but that day he dined with the king, and in it shall be done." They then related tothe ladies their adventures the evening returned to his lodgings. On the morrow; after drinlking on the road, and how they had ccue in four days and a half firom a cup, he departed from Toulouse, leaving his purveyors behind to Montpellier, a distance of one hundred and fifty leagues. The ladies pay his expenses, and, having crossed the Garonne at the bridge of turned the whole into a joke, and laughed at it; but they were senToulouse, returned to his own country by way of Montmarsen, and sible how greatly they must have been fatigued, and nothing but arrived at Orthis, where he dismissed all who had accompanied him, their youth and courage could have borne them through it. You retaining only those necessary for his service. It was told me, and must know, the duke of Touraine insisted on the wager being paid I believe it, that this visit of the king of France to Languedoc and in ready money. Toulouse, cost the count de Foix more than forty thousand francs: great, however, as this sum was, the count was so courteous and CHAPTER XI. liberal, that he very cheerfully paid it. THE DEATH OF POPE URBAN AT ROME, CALLED THE ANTI-POIPE. POPR CLEMENT WRITES TO THE KING OF FRANCE, HIS UNCLES, AND THE UJNI. VERSITY OF PARIS, ON THE OCCASION. THE ELECTION OF POPE BONI. C HA P T E R X. FACE BY THE ROMAN CARDINALS. THE RING OF FRANCE AND HIS BROTHER, THE DUKE OF TOURAINE, WAGER ABOUT this period, pope TJrban VI. died at Rome, to the sorrow WHICH SHALL ARRIVE THE SOONEST AT PARIS, FROM MONTPELLIER, of the Romans, who loved him much.t He was buried, with great EACH ATTENDED ONLY BY ONE KNIGHT. solemnity, in the church of Saint Peter; and, when this ceremony I EIEVE that the king of France, during his residence at To- was ended, the cardinals formed a conclave to elect another pope, I BELIE VE that the king of France, during his residence at Tout-, ~~~~~and hastened the matter that it might be done before any intelligence louse, attended much to the state of that part of his realm. He re- and hastened the matter that it might be done before any intelligence moved s6neschals and other officers, and made such reforms that he of the death of Urban could be carried to Avignon. Pope Clement and his cardinals did not hear of the decease of Urban until the tenth was popular with all ranks of people. One day, in the presence of and his cardinals did not hear of the decease of Urban until the tenth his brother, his uncle, the duke of Bourbon, and numbers of lords day after it had happened. They immediately assembled at the pal of France and Gascony, that it might be had in perpetual remem. ace, where many proposals were discussed; and they had strong brance, he gave permission to his cousngerman, the lord Chales hope that the schism of the church would be concluded, and a union brance, be gave permission to his cousiri-jerman, the lord Charles formed of the two parties; for this error had lasted too long. They d'Albret. to quarter the fleur-delis of France, alternately with his foed of the two partie; for this error had lasted too long. hey imagined that the cardinals at Rome would not -be in any hurry to own; for the armns of Albret were simply gules without any distinc. imagined that the cardinal at Rome would not be in ay hurry to tion, but at present they are quartered with those of France. The form a conclave, but would agree to acknowledge the pope of Avig. lord d'Albret considered this a most distinguished gift; and the day non, and were indulging in these flattering hopes, when other cc the king had thus enriched the arms of Albret, the lord Charles gave counts forced them to thin differently. hey signified to the ing a dinner that cost him one thousand francs; and presented the he- of France the death of Urban, whom they called the anti-pope, and ralds and minstrels who had attended it, with two hundred francs, entreated him to support the pretensions of Clement, by writing in hich circumstance caused them to poclaim his liberality his favor to his cousins the emperor of Germany, the king of Hunwhich circumstance caused them to proclaim his liberality. t Shortly afterwards, it was announced that the king would leave gary, the count de Vertus, and to the duke of Austria, who had ac. Sh~~~~~~~~~~~~~~kortlyaferads ith late peUrannoucd tohaqet theykn would lagree Toulouse, on his return to Paris, and his attendants made prepara- kwledged the late pope Urban, and to reuest they would agre to restore, peace to the church; for that there ought not to be any tions accordingly. As soon as it was known, the archbishop and toeore peace to the chuch; for at there ought ot to be ay s6neschal of Toulouse, with the citizens and ladies, came to take variation in the faith, and, as there is but one God in Heaven, there their leave of the king, who received them all very kindly. He set cannot, nor ought there to be, more than one vicegerent on the earth. out from Toulouse after breakfast, and lay the first night at Chteau- When this information arrived at Paris, the duke of Burgundy, to out fr'om Toulouse after breakfast, anid lay the first night at Chbteau- wo h oeadcriasbdlkws rte otesm u neuf d'Aulroy, and then continued his journey to Montpellier, where whom the pope and cardinals had likewise written to the same pu he was joyfully received. HIe there remained for three days to amuse port, was with his nephew. the kin appeared very much pleaset himself; for the town and the ladies afforded him much pleasure. dn hearing it, and said to te duke, Good uncle, we had a great He was, however, very impatient to return to Paris, to see his queen. desire to march a large army to Rome, and destroy these unbelievers; He was, however, very impatient to retuarn to Paris, to see his queen. btti scekdb h et fteat-oe o oe lmn One day, while at Montpellier, hlie said, jokingly, to the duke of Tou- but this is checked by the death of the anti-pope, fr pope ement raine, "Fair brbther, I wish we were at Paris,-and our attendants d his cardinals have assured s that Urban is dead. hey uppose where they now are; for I have as great a desire to see the queen, that there willnot be any conclave held at Rome to elect another, as I supse you must have to see my sister-in-lw. "My lord' but that the cardinals will submit themselves to the obedience of as T rireplied the duke of Burgundy, it is very torue ithatwrban is lord dead; but we know nothing of the state of the cardiials at Romue, viscount do Cistet-hon, tend of Moncadeand youncgoest son ofGascon 1. count de Foix, lsa'iig hris pr~etensions supported by the nobility, seized the goverument, and had tis * The distance from Mopttier to Paris tos 19u1 teires.-Gazstteer. might eoloreledged by the court of France, thmougt sone ammangements te made with t He died Ith Oct. 1 But so fu from being beloved, he was detested fr hba isvie. it. —VILLARIT. tome vi. len' nod tyrannical eonduct. —Ee. 501; CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. nor of the Romans; nor whether these cardinals mean to persist in their opinion. It will be difficult for them to change, as the Romans C H A P T E R X II. are their masters; and as they formerly forced them to elect the archbishop of Bari pope, whom they obeyed as long as he lived, they THT SUR D BEEN THE CHIsF RESIDENCE OF GEOFFTOU TETE-NOISE. I'CXDs, o ) THAT HAD BEEN THE CHIEF RESIDENCE OF GEOFFRY TETE-NOIRE. may again force them to elect another according to their pleasure. You have therefore no occasion to be in any haste respecting this You have before heard how Geoffry Tete-noire was master of the matter, nor to write to those who will not do much for you in the castle of Ventadour, which he had held against all the force sent business, as they have already shown. Remain quiet, therefore, against him as long as he lived; that he had laid the country under until you shall have heard further on the subject; for it may happen contributions upward of thirty leagues round; and that, when he that the cardinals at Rome may be of one mind, and, though differ- died, he had on his death-bed named his two nephews, Alleyne and ing with each other, may dissemble with the Romans, and acknow- Peter Roux, to succeed him in the command, to whom all tile leaders ledge no other pope but Clement; and, in order to keep the Romans of that garrison had, in his presence, sworn obedience and fidelity. in good humor, promise them that Clement shall fix his residence at After the decease of Geoffry T6te-noire, these two brothers governed Rome, which he will very readily consent to, if the matter could be brought to depend on that. Should this appear probable, it will then be time for you to write to those Chris-. tian kings and lords who hold con- trary opiidions in religion to you, to..._ entreat they would unite to put an end to the schism, and to promote the remstahlishment of union in the church.'iThis is what you ought to do; for we are not yet assured what turn the business may take, and it will not be long before we have further I intelligence." When the duke hIad ended this speech to the king and -- council, no one made any reply; for thouht his reasoning unanswerable. The king seemed convinced by it, and said: "Good uncle, we believe your reasons, for you see -- farther into church affairs than we n do; and we will not take any steps wt ill a _ in the matter without your advice t r e and approbation." The business was herh ended, and other matters discussed. The intelligence of the death of ul._keaw_ _n___d Urban caused great disputes among the students at the university. They Hn Coeoramos or Porz BomsFac. From a MS. Froimsart of the Fifteenth Centuy. ceased following their usual studies, and were employed in disputing how the cardinals would act; whether they would elect a pope in the room successfully for some time, keeping the whole country under subjec. of Urban, or acknowledge the pope of Avignon. They made it the tion. This castle belonged to the duke of Berry by purchase from subiect of argument, and it was carried on with much heat and ani- the count de Montpensier, and his son, John of Berry, bore its title; mosity. They knew that Clement had written to the king, to the but, though the garrison gave him much vexation, he could not then duke of Touraine, to the duke of Burgundy, and to the ministers, on amend it. He had besieged it several times with block-houses, and the state of his affairs; and he had also written, in general terms, to pressed it as much as he could, but in vain: the garrison held his the university, that that body might do as much as was possible, and attempts cheap, and sallied out, whenever they pleased, to overrun with all diligence, for his assistance. The students proposed several the country. The two brothers would not pay any attention to the subjects of argument, which were warmly discussed among them- truce that had been agreed on between France and England, saying selves. Those interested for Clement said, "It is time for the king they were not bound to abide by it, but would make war when and and our lords in France to write to the chiefs in Christendom, such where they pleased. The two countries of Auvergne and Limousin as the emperor of Germany, the king of Hungary, the lord of Milan, suffered greatly; and to remedy it, a gallant knight of Auvergne, sir the duke of Austria, and all who hold contrary opinions respecting Wilfiam le Bouteiller, with sir John Bonne-lance, sir Lewis d'Am. the pope, and press them to return to the true faith; for it would do biere, and other knights and squires from Limousin and Auvergne, them infinite honor." Three times, in three several days, the prin- erected block-houses before Ventadour, and had there remained the cipal students of the university assembled, and went in a body to the whole of the season, at the charge of the country. h6tel de Saint Pol, to entreat the king and his council to put an end It was about this time, as I was told, that the governors laid a plot to the schism, and to comply with the solicitation of the pope, who to entrap sir William le Bouteiller and sir John Bonne-lance, who had had written to them in such humble terms. They, however, were done them much mischief. They determined to have it told these not admitted, nor had any answer given to them, which made them two knights in a fsecret way, that they were desirous of surrendering very discontented: however, the following news, which arrived a the fort for a certain sum of florins; for they were tired of remaining few days after, appeased them. there longer, and wished to return to their own country or elsewhere. The Rorman cardinals had assembled in conclave, and elected the They imagined the knights would readily comply, for the duke of cardinal of Naples, a prudent and courageous clerk, to the papacy, Berry was eager to gain it on any terms; and they resolved not to who took the name of Boniface.* The king of France and his lords, ask a larger sum than what might be instantly procured. One broon hearing this, were very melancholy, and thought the schism in ther asked the other, "What sum shall we fix on?" "Ten thousand the church likely to continue for a long time. " Now see," said the francs, for that will be enough, as we shall have besides the bodies duke of Biirgundy to the king, "of how little avail your letters of the two knights by an ambush we will place in one of the towers." would have Lecn, which they were urging you to write: it has hap- Consider how foolish those two Bretons must have been to imagine pened just as I foresaw." "My good uncle," replied the king, "you they could deceive two such knights and keep their money. If evil: have indeed judged truly." Pardons were offered in abundance by befel them, they are unworthy of regret or pity. Following their Bomniface, and notified to all the clergy in the different kingdoms plan, they sent one of their varlets out of the castle, saying, "Go as under his obedience. Those who wished to gain them set out on far as the French block-houses: allow thyself to be taken, but de. their journey to Rome; but when they approached near Ancona and maud to be carried to sir William Ie Bouteiller or sirJohn Bonne-lance, Romagna, they ran great risks; for sir Bernard de Salle, who guarded which of them thou pleasest; give them these letters, and require an ~'his frontier, and made war on the Romans in the name of Clement, answer, as their contents are of consequence to them and to us." had these pilgrims watched on the roads, and did them much evil, The servant, who thought nothing evil, said he would obey their several of whom were sl'ain or lost. We will for the present leave commands, and advanced to the nearest bloclt-house of the French. speaodng of these popes, and introduce other events. On perceiving him, those within came out to meet him and demanded his business: he said, he wanted to speak to sir William le Bouteiller or sir John Bonne-lance. He was conducted to them, for the two knights happened to be then together. When in their presence, he bowed, and took them aside to deliver his letters, saying that sir Allevne and sir Peter Roux had sent him to them. They were a,~h CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 507 surprised on hearing this, and that the governors of Ventadour should any suspicions of deceit? Tell me, before the money be sent off." write to them. They took the letters, and read them; but their con- "My lord," replied the dauphin, "you know for how long a time tents were merely to say, that Alleyne and Peter Roux would wil- the count d'Armagnac and myself have been employed by the couin. lingly h01d a parley with them on something to their advantage. tries of Limousin, Cahorsin, Rouergue, and Auvergne, to gain pos. When they had perused the letters, they were more astonished than session, by force or otherwise, of all the enemy's forts in these before, dnd suspected some treachery. They, however, consulted s6neschalships. We have entered into several treaties with many togeth.er on what could be wanted with them, and returned a verbal of them, but we never could any way make the least impression on message, that if the governors wished to meet themll without the the garrison of Ventadour, to induce them to surrender; and scarcely cast!e, they would promise them, and those who should accompany would they deign to return us an answer when we sent to them. If, themrn, perfect security for their persons until they had reiintered the therefore, they have agreed to the treaty you have shown us, it carl. place. Such was the answer the varlet brought back to his masters. not be from want of provision; for, shoulk:so purveyances enter the Sir Peter said to sir Alleyne, "May we confide in such promises?" fort for eight years, I know they have enough; and it is this which " Oh yes," replied his brother; "for consider, their word is given, astonishes us, and makes us suspect treachery; for such men-at-arms, and they are loyal knights incapable of breaking it. We will inform when shut up in fortresses, have a lively imagination, and, when it them of our intended surrender,'Which they will eagerly accept." turns to wickedness, they know too well how to succeed; therefore, On the morrow, about eight o'clock, they ordered the wicket ad- my lord, be cautious how you act." "In God's name," answered joining the gate to be opened, and the bridge to be lowered down, the duke of Berry, " you do not tell us anything extraordinary, but and they leant on the chains until sir William le Bouteiller and sir have well spoken, when you thus advise us; and I will take more John Bonne-lance arrived, who dismounted before the bridge, and precautions than I at first intended." ordered their attendants to retire. When the two Breton governors, He then called to him a knight, whose name was sir Peter Mespin, on the bridge, saw them, they asked, " May we come and converse and said: "You will go with the ransom-money for Ventadour, to with you in safety? " Yes," replied the knights; "but is there the block-houses before that place, and tell sir William le Bouteiller no treachery onil your side?" "Oh no," answered the Bretons: " it and sir John Bonne-lance, firom us, to be very cautious how they act, is now truce between us." " Well then, come with all security, and respecting their treaty, and not to put too much confidence in these tell us what you have to say." Peter and Alleyne Roux then passed Bretons of Ventadour; for that we have had such intelligence con. the bridge, and went to the place where they were waiting for them. cerning them, of which they are ignorant, they must be very prudent The two knights said: "XWhat is the subject of the treaty or parley and observing." you wish to have with us? Are you incirned to surrender Venta- The knight undertook the journey, and, being soon ready, dedour?" " Yes," said they, "' but on conditions. We only ask ten parted with the money firom Riom, and rode on until he arrived at thousand francs for the stores; for wve are tired of carrying on the the block-houses, where he was kindly received by his companions. war lonrger, and wish to retire to Brittany or to whatever other coun- The money was unpacked, and placed in security. Sir Peter Mestry we may clhoose." Tihe two knights were rejoiced at this propo- pin, after some general conversation, told his message as follows: sal, and replied. " You offer terims we shall not refuse; but at this "My lord of Berry orders me to inform you, sir William and sir John, morrment we have not such a sum. We will, however, instantly set that you must act with the greatest precaution in this treaty with the about providing it." "Well," answered the governors, "when you governors of Ventadour, that you may not lose your own persons and have got it, let us know, and we will keep to our offer: but let the the money he sends you by me, for that he has had accounts given matter be most secret, for if the garrison should hear of it, they him, of the characters of these people, that displease binm much, would instantly murder us, and you would be disappointed in your which is the reason he is anxious for you to act with prudence to be expectations of gaining the place." Sir Willinm le Bouteiller re- a match for them, as he suspects this offer is only made to betray you. plied, "Never fear us: we will manage the business in such a man- The countries of Auvergne and Limousin would many times have ncr that you shall not incur any danger." On this, they separated: given sixty thousand francs for the evacuation of Ventadour, which the brothers re/ntered Ventadour, and the knights returned to their the governors well knew, and now they offer it to you for ten thou. quarters. sand: it is this which makes my lord suspect treachery." The two Sir William le Bouteiller and sir John Bonne-lance believing this knights were for a moment pensive, and then said: "Two heads are transaction was honorable, no way suspecting the Bretons meant to better than one. You have well spoken, and we thank you for the deceive them and gain possession of their persons as well as money, advice you have given. You will remain here to assist us, which instantly wrote as fair-languaged letters as they could to the duke of will be but right, for within two days we shall know how the matter Berry, who at that time was at Riom in Auvergne. They desired will turn out."'Sir Peter Mespin replied, he would cheerfully stay one of their gentlemen, who had been well educated, called Guyon- with them. nel de Saint-Vydel, to carry the letter, and, having informed him of Shortly after this the two knights sent one of their servants to the the fact, desired he would forget nothing, in his conversation with castle, for there was now a truce between them, to let the governors the duke of Berry, that might induce him to agree to the terms of know the ten thousand francs were come, and that they were ready surrender: for they thought he would be well pleased, as he had to complete the bargain. They replied, they would keep to their bIeen for a long time very anxious to get possession of Ventadour. agreement, that they might come when they pleased, or inform them The squire, having received the letter, and his instructions, what to when they were to bring the money. Alleyne and Peter Roux, who say and how to act, left the block-house, and, traversing Limousin had no good inclinations, as was proved against them, had already and Auvergne, rode oni until he came to Riom, where I believe he made their preparations for the capture of the two knights. They found the duke of Berry. had thus planned it. At the entrance of the castle of Ventadour, On entering his presence, he knelt and gave the duke the letters, and withinside, is a large tower, that commands the gate; and, withrecommending to him the two knights, as he knew well how to do. out having first gained this tower, the castle cannot be won. It was The duke took the letter and read it: when he had a short time con.- for this reason it was always kept well stored with artillery, provision, sidered its contents, he was so well pleased, that he ordered his and men, that in case the castle should be surprised, the garrison attendants to take particular care of the squire, which was done. might retire thither in safety. The duke called to him such of his council and treasurers as were The two Bretons, whose heads were full of malice, posted in this with hirrr, and said: " Here is great news. Our knights, who are tower thirty determined men, armed at all points; who, when the blockading Ventadour, write us word they have opened a treaty with French should think themselves in secure possession of the castle, Alleyne and Peter Rouix, who are willing to surrender that place for toward late in the evening, were to sally forth and slay all without ten thousand francs. That is no large sum: it has cost Limousin mercy. Everything being now ready, they sent to sir William le and Auvergne, yearly, sixty thousand francs, as composition money, Bouteiller and sir John Bonne-lance that they might bring the money to be unmolested by the garrison. We wish to accept their offier, in all security to the castle, the gates of which would be thrown open and as speedily as may be, lest they should repent of having made to them. T'he French knights were all alive at this message, and it. Now, treasurers, find me instantly ten thousand francs. We said to the servant who had brought it; "Return to thy masters, and will make a loan of them, as is but just; and when we are in pos- tell them from us, that we will be with them to-morrow morning." session of this castle, will levy a tax on all the lands which have paid When the servant was gone, the two knights assembled a larger contribution, that will doubly repay us." " My lord," replied the council than ever they had before done, on account of the orders sir treasurers, "we are prepared: only give us five or six days to col- Peter Mespin had brought from the duke of Berry. lect it." "You shall have them," said the duke. Thus was the It was resolved in this council to place an ambuscade near the matter settled. The treasurers produced the sum in golden crowns, castle, and that the two knights should go thither accompanied by and in francs of France, which were packed up in four small boxes. thirty men armed secretly like themselves. On their entrance ihto ThIe same day on which those who were to carry the money to Ventadour, they were cautiously to examine every part of it: if they the two knights were on their departure, everything being ready for should perceive anything that could induce them to suspect treacho their setting out, the daiuphin of Anivergne and the lord Reneil arrived ery, they were to sound a horn and seize the draw-bridge. On hear. at niom, on business with the duke of Berry, such as was common ing this horn, the ambuscade was to advance full gallop, dismount between great lords. They were made welcome by the duke, who at the bridge and gain the castle. In the manner in which they had was so pleased at the thought of gaining Ventadour so c-heaply, that planned it the project was executed; and on the morrow mnorning, he could not refrain from making them acquainted with it, and show- all being prepared, they rode forward, and placed a large amnbush of ing them the letters fromn sir William le Bouteiller and sir John six score lances, and then, with thirty companions, secretly amned, Bonne-lance. When they haid perused them, they were silent, and went to Ventadour, carrying sir Peter Mespin to assist thoern wvth his ohe duke noticing it, said: "What are you considering? Have you advice. T hey did not forget the ransom-mo ney, which was neatly 508 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c packed up in thIee baskets, on the backs of two strong horses. They truth, it would have been more honorable for them had they been iound Alleyne and Peter Roux at the barriers, which were thrown slain, than carried away, and afterwards punished for this act, by a quite back on their approach: having passed them and entered the disgraceful death, as you will speedily hear in this history. During gate, the brothers would have closed thle barriers again; but the the dispute, Peter Roux thought of an expedient to excuse their conFrecnch knights said; "Let themn remain: is it a fair bargain or not? duct, but this was of no avail, and said; " My lord William, and you You know you have engaged to surrender the castle for ten thousand sir John, it is indeed true that there are in this tower thirty arm:ed firancs in hard money: they are ready, and on the two sumpter horses men, whither my brother and self have with much difficulty forced you see. If you act loyally to us, we will do the same to you." them; for we well knew they would not assent to our treaty with They knew not what answer to make to this speech; but to prevent you. It is for this reason that we have confined them in that tower them having any suspicions, they said; " You say well; and we are until you should be masters of the castle; and we will, with your willing to act a- fairly as yourselves." permissions, leave them there, to be your prisoners. Give us the The French party passed on, and the barriers remained open. Had money, the whole, or part of it, as you are bounden to do, and let us they been closed, the ambuscade would never have been able to ar- go away." rive in tinme to counteract the trick the Bretons intended playing The knights were tolerably satisfied on hearing this; but sir Wil. them, and their scheme would have succeeded. All having entered liamni le Bouteiller, having considered a little, said; "Whatever truth the gate, Alleyne and Peter Roux went to shut it; but the French may be in what you have told us, before we unpack the money again, said to Alleyne; "Let it be open: we wish it, fbr we are ready to we must have all the keys of the castle delivered to us, and the dif. pay you down the money as agreed upon between us." "Be it so," ferent parts pointed out to which they lead." Alleyne, seeing he replied the Bretons: " let us see the cash." "Tlhat you shall," said could no longer delay, sent for them to the room wherein they were the French, and instantly spread on the ground a sheet, on which deposited. On their being brought to the court, the knights said; they emnptied the florins. While the two Bretons were examining " Now, explain to us what gates they unlock, and whither they lead." the noney, which made a handsome heap, the knights were doing Very much against their will, they pointed out the keys of the great the samne to the castle; and, in consequence, sir Peter Mespin said tower, for their destruction lay in it. When they had possession of to sir William le Bouteiller; "Have that tower opened before you them, they opened its gates, and found the thirty companions comcount the money, for there may perchance be in it an ambush to pletely armed, who had been therein hid. surprise us, and we may lose our lives as well as our money." Alleyne was much cast down, when he saw the French knights On this, sir William said to Alleyne Roux, "Let that tower be draw themselves up in array before the gate, and heard sir William opened, for we xwill have that done before we proceed any farther." le Bouteiller say: "You who are hidden within this tower, come forth Alleyne replied "that he would do no such thing, for the keys were instantly and without fear, under pain of being all put to death. We lost."' The moment he had uttered this, the knights were more sus- shall make you our prisoners, and you need not fear any punishment picious than before, and said: "Alleyne, it is impossible that the keys if you will tell us the truth." When they saw and heard the French of the principal tower should be lost. Open it by fair means, or we offer them pardon, taking them as prisoners only, they flung down will have it forced; for you have promised to surrender to us the their staves and arms, and surrendered, for defence would not have castle, as it is, without fraud or treachery, for the sumrn of ten thou- been of any avail. These men were then separated, and examined sand francs, which you now see lying before you." Alleyne an- one by one in the presence of Alleyne and Peter Roux, and acknowswered; "I will neither open it myself, nor suffer it to be done, until ledged the intended treason, which they now could no longer deny. I shall have received and placed in security the whole money when The French knights addressed them; "It is very displeasing to us, that is done, I wviil seek for the keys." The knights replied; "We that you should have been guilty of so disgraceful a crime. We shall will nut wait so long; and wo tell you plainly, that we expect no not punish you for it: as it seems to us so heinous, we shall leave it favor finom your last speeches, which clearly indicate that you mean to my lord of Berry; and, if he will show you mercy, we shall not to deceive u.. We therefore arrest you, Peter and Alleyne Roux, in object. We rather hope he may be so inclined, from the great the narmes of the king, our lord, and the duke of Berry. The tower pleasure the possession of this castle will give him, which was the shall be opened by force, though the doors of it be broken: and every thing in the world he was most anxious to gain." This speech gave part of it, as well as of the castle, shall be minutely searched, to see some hopes to the two brothers, who found themselves fallen into a if you have not placed an ambush to surprise us, and regain the castle. similar trap to what they had laid for others. They were confined in ioituld any such be found, you are lost, past redemption, as in justice rooms well guarded, and the garrison in the towers and in other parts due ti: treason; but if, on the contrary, the castle be in the situation of the castle. It was then thoroughly visited, and found full of stores it onght loyailly to'be, from an honorable bargain, we will punctually and provision; all of which they left untouched, contenting themkeelp every article of our treaty, and you shall be safely conducted selves with the money and arms they discovered, and which, as fair whiIithersoelver you may please6; even as far as the gates of Avignon, plunder, was divided among them; but the prisoners were given to should you desire it." the knights.'TheI two brothers were'thunderstruck, and half dead, on being thus Thus, as I have related, was the strong castle of Ventadour re. aestcd and, hearing this declaration of the knights, their courage gained by the French. Sir William le Bouteiller appointed a valiant failed them, and they repented having gone so far, for they found and prudent squire of Limousin, called Peter Madich, governor, with their intentions must now be discovered. The French knights saw thirty good lances for its defence. He ransomed such as were dephaiilly they were guilty of wsat they had suspected, and that the serving of it; but having discovered among the prisoners several castle was not meant to be surrendered. They made a sign for him renegade Frenchmen, who had been cruel plunderers, he had their who bore the horn to sound for their ambuscade to advance: which heads cut off, or hung them on a new gallows that had been erected lhaving done, those in amrbush stuck spurs to their horses, saying, in front of the castle. When all things had been settled, the two "Let us hasten to Ventadour, for we are wanted: our people have knights resolved toride toRiom, to wait on the duke of Berry, and nut found things as they expected, and have been deceived by Al- carry Alleyne and Peter Roux with them. News was soon spread leynte aniid I.eter Roux." They were soon at the castle, for it was abroad that Ventadour was retaken, to the great joy of the inhabitnot far distant, and the barriers and gate being open, though well ants of Auvergne and Limousin; for the enemies of the realm had guarded by the French, for the Bretons were no longer masters, they kept possession of it fifteen years, and, during that time, had done entered the place, and found their captains in the court talking to the much mischief to the country, and had greatly impoverished it. garrison. The governiors were more astonished than before, on seeing Sir William le Bouteiller had found in the castle of Ventadour a themselves thus surrounded by their enemies; for they knew they young and handsome squire from Brittany, called he Monadich,* a had acted dis;honorably. cousin to Geoffry T6te-noire, who had lately left a convent in Brit. Those within the great tower were ignorant of what was going tany, and come thither to learn the art of war, for he would not be forward; for the openings in the walls were too high for them to see a monk. The French knights wanted to have him beheaded, or what passed. Some said; "We hear in the court a great noise: our hanged like the others; but sir William took compassion on him, people may perhaps be tricked, for the French are a cunning race. and saved his life, for which he swore he would faithfully serve him, We thought to deceive, but we may be deceived, and Alleyne, as and remain for the time to come a loyal Frenchman. They made well as ourselves, may be entrapped and taken; for we cannot get no long stay after this, but, having pulled down the block-houses, ant without permission." They would willingly have been anywhere went to the duke of Berry. The men-at-arms separated, each going else; for their governors had brought them into a melancholy situa- to his own home. The knights arrived at Riom, with the two tion. Sir William le Bouteiller and sir John Bonne-lance, finding brothers prisoners. They were much cast down, and on the road thensselves so superior in force, spoke out more boldly their senti- entreated sir William and sir John to interest themselves in their meiits, rand ordered the cash, which was scattered over the sheet, to behalf, that the duke might not be too severe on them. The duke I:te collected and replaced in tlhe baskets, before the face of the two was with the duchess at Riort, and most kindly received the two bro:hers, whlio were surrounded by the French. They said; "Alleyne knights: he considered the gain of the castle of Ventadour as a very md Petr', give yus the keys of the tower; for it mist and shall be gallant exploit, for which he made them handsome and rich gifts. examnmed, to see if any. one be within it;" but they answered, in the The knights asked him, what yvas his pleasure respecting the two hope of prolonging the time; "Begin your search elsewhere, and prisoners. He said, he would consider of it; which having done, it come here at the last." But the knights replied; "Alleyne, you trifle was thought by his council most advisable to send them to the king too much with us, fior we will examine this tower first; and, if you at Paris. The s6neschal of Auvergne was sent for, and to him were make any furthser resistance, we will put you to death with our dag- delivered the Bretons. He carried them to Paris, where they were gets." On hearing this, they feared they would put their threat into _ execution; for all avoid death as long as they can, though, in good I * "The little monk." —ED CHRONICLE S OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 509 confined in the castle of Saint Anthony,* under the guard of the Taillebourg,* sir Godfrey de Seton, sir William de Haquenay,f viscount d'Asci, who was at that time governor of it. They were sir John Bolton, sir John Arundel, sir John d'Ambreticourt, sir John not kept long in prison, but delivered over to the provost of Paris, Beaumont and many more, to the amount of upward of one hundred who carried them to Chitelet, where they were tried and judged knights and squires, who said: " Let us prepare ourselves to attend guilty of death, as traitors and robbers. They were then given up this tournament near Calais; for these French knights only hold it to the hangman, who placed them bound in a cart, and carried them that they may have our company: it is well done, and shows they through the streets, with sound of trumpet, to a place called Les do not want courage: let lus not disappoint them." Halles, and put on the pillory, which was turned four times round, This challenge was made so public in England, that many who that the populace might view them. Their actions were then read had no intention of taking part themselves, said, they would go thither aloud; after which they were beheaded and quartered, and their to witness the performance of others. Such knights and squiaes as quarters fixed to the four principal gates of the town. Thus did proposed being there, when the appointed term was approaching, Alleyne and Peter Roux lose their castle of Ventadour, and forfeit sent beforehand their purveyances, and arms for tilting and for war, their own lives by a disgraceful death. to Calais. Sir John Holland, half-brother to the king of England, was the first to cross the sea: more than sixty knights and squires accompanied him, and took up their quarters in Calais.....__ At the beginning of the charming -~: __ P.month of May, the three before-men _ — _ S o = = = -tioned young French knights were:~ _=______________ __________________________ fully prepared to maintain their chal=____ ______________________ _ = lenge in the lists at Saint inglevere. They first came to Boulogne, where -___ __ -_ -__ - -I know not how many days they tar. ried, and then went to the monastery Ja' i"~,1~~==m========~:.- — ~ ~~ ~~.~ =~-of Saint Inglevere. On their arrival, day, thosekknights and squires were co.i. to Ca. lais. This gave them much pleasure; 4/,LAi/iI Aand to hasten the business, and that SFOMEGLN ADELEHEEwa e of sirnews should be carried to the English, XI,-. co e! they ordered three rich vermilion-co~~~1l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~' lored pavilions to be pitched near the p. in1 A wocappointed place for the lists, and be. fore each were suspended two targets, for peace or war, emblazoned with the'"'.~,i~.~ ~ -— ~~ /' arms of each lord. It was oedered, that such as were desirous of performkig....... oFing any deed of arms should touch, or send to have touched, one or both to remonst.ate __ith the king of Englalld on the conductof these targets according to their il'grs who, no hpleasure, and they would be tilted with agreeably to their request. Auvey' — -—.:_ — -_z.~.d On the 21st of the month of May, as it had been proclaimed, the three TOURNA.IENT AT ST. INCLVYERE. From a MS. Froissart of the Fifteenth Century. knights were properly armed and their horses ready saddled according to the laws or the tournament. On the same day, those knights who were in Calais sallied forth, either as spec. C H A P T E R XIII. tators or tilters, and, being arrived at the spot, drew up on one side. THREE FRENCH KNIGHTS HOL.D A TOURNAMENT AT ST. INGILEYERE, NEAR This placeof the tournament was smooth, and green with grass. CALAIS, AND DEFEND THE LISTS, FOR THIRTY DAYS, AGAINST ALL Sir John Holland was the first who sent his squire to touch the war-target of sir Boucicaut, who instantly issued from his pavilion completely armed. Having mornted his horse, and grasped his spear, AT this season, the truce between England and France was punc- which was stiff and well steeled, they took their distances. When tually observed on sea and land by both parties, excepting a few the two knights had for a short time eyed each other, they spurred pillagers in Auvergne, who continued a war against the peasants, their horses and met full gallop with such force, that sir Boucicaut on each side the river Dordogne. Their principal leaders, who had pierced the shield of the earl of Huntingdon, and the point of his surrendered on capitulation, were not openly guilty of any breach lance slipped along his arm, but without wounding him. The two of the truce, but secretly encouraged the mischiefs that were daily knights, having passed, continued their gallop to the end of the list. committed in Auvergne. Such complaints were made of this to the This course was much praised. At the second course, they hit each king of France, that he determined, with the advice of his council, other slightly, but no harm was done; and their l;u'ses refused to to remonstrate with the king of England on the conduct of these compleae the third. The earl of Huntingdon, who wished to conpillagers,.who, notwithstanding the truce, still carried on a war in tinue the tilt, and was heated, returned to his place, expecting that Auvergne and the adjoining country, which could not be suffered, sir Boucicaut would call for his lance; but he did not, and showed neither ought it to be. I believe the king of England excused him- plainly he would not that day tilt more with the earl. Sir John self, by saying that those who had committed the acts complained Holland, seeing this, sent his squire to touch the war-target of the of were lawless people, over whom he had no control. lord de Saimpi. This knight, who was waiting for the combat, sal. During the time in which these things were passing, the three lied out fiom his pavilion, and took his lance and shield. When knights before mentioned, who had undertaken to maintain the lists the earl saw he was ready, he violently spurred his horse, as did the against all comers, at St. Inglevere, near Calais, namely, sir Bouci- lord de Saimpi. They couched their lances, and pointed them at taut the younger, the lord Reginald de Roye and the lord de Saimpi, each other. At the onset, their horses cro.sed; notwithstanding were making preparations to fulfil their engagement. This tourna- which, they met; but by this crossing, which was blamed, the earl ment had been proclaimed in many countries, but especially in Eng- was unhelmed. He returned to his people, who soon rehelmed land, where it had caused much surprise, and excited several knights him; and, having resumed their lances, they met futll gallop, and hit and squires, who were fond of adventures and deeds of arms, to each other with such force in the middle of their shields, that they confer oil the subject. Some said they would be blameworthy, if would have been unhorsed had they not liept tight seats by the prosthey did not cross the sea, when the distance was so short to Calais, sure of their legs against the horses' sides. They went to the propay a visit to these knights, and tilt with them. I will name those per places, where they refreshed themnselves and took breath. Sir who were most eager in these conversations. The first was sir John John Holland, who had a great desire to shine at this tournament, IHolland, earl of Huntingdon, sir John Courtenay,t sir John Traic- had his helmet braced, and grasped his spear again; when the lord ton,* sir John Goulouffre,i sir John Roussel,[I sir Thomas Scorn- de Saimpi, seeing him advance on a gallop, did not decline meetbonne,~ sir William Cliseton,?* sir William Clinton, sir Wilian ing, but, spurring his horse on instantly, they gave blows on their helmets, that were luckily of well-tempered steel, which made sparks *Probably the Bastille, which was at the gate (r St. Anthony before the revolution of fire fly from them. At this course, the lord de Saimpi lost his "ir John'rreto." Drayto. t Mly MSS. have sir Peter Courtenay. helmet; but the two knights continued their career, and returned I " Sir John Traitton." Q. Drayton'. The MISS. Peter. ~ "Sir Johni GouloufFre." Q. Sir John Wa.wortn. to their places. I "Si, John Roussoel." Q. Russel. "Sir Thomas Scoraobnne. Q. Sherborne. *"Sir ~Villiam Taillehourg." Q. Tallboys or Talbot. ** "Sir Wifiiam Clis8eton."` C. Glilian. *, "~k laraiam d, uaIoueaar."~ Q. Hack-nay. 510 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. This tilt was much praised; and the English and French said, employed, for they were both unhelmed, and then each rode to his that the earl of Huntingdon, sir Boucicaut, and the lord de Saimpi, own party. had excellently well justed, without sparing or doing themselves any Sir John Rousseau,* an expert and valiant knight from England, damage. The earl wished to break another lance in honor of his but well known for his prowess in various countries, ordered his lady, but it was refused him. He then quitted the lists, to make squire to touch the shield of the lord de Saimpi, who was already room for others, for he had run his six lances with such ability and armed and mounted. Onil receiving his lance, he spurred his horse courage as gained him praise from all sides. against the English knight, and the shock of their spears against tile A young and gallant knight of England next came forth, called targets instantly forced them to stop. Each returned to his Fost, and the earl.marshal,* who sent, according to the regulations, to touch it was not long before they commenced their second course with the war-target of sir Reginald de Roye. This being done, sir Re- equal vigor: but when near, the horses swerved, which prevented ginald came from his pavilion completely armed, and mounted his their stroke. To their sorrow, they were thus obliged to return again horse that was ready for him; having had his shield and helmet to the end of the lists. They were more successful the third course; buckled on, he seized his lance and took his distance. The two for they struck each other with such force, that the vizors of their knights spurred their horses, but, at this first course, failed in their helmets were broken off: the knights continued their career, and the strokes, from their horses swerving out of the line, to their great Englishman tilted no more that day. vexation. Sir Reginald was hit with the second lance, and had his Sir Peter Shirborne, a young knight, but of good courage, sent his own broken. At the third course, they met with such force that the squire to touch the war-shield of sir Boucicaut. The knight was fire sparkled from their helmets, and the earl was unhelmed. He ready to answer him, for he was armed and on horseback, leaning eontinued his career to his own place, but justed no more that day, on his spear, to wait for an adventure. Perceiving himself called as he had done sufficiently. upon, he raised his spear, and looked to see what his adversary was The lord Clifford,t a valiant knight, and cousin-german to the about, and observing that he was handling his horse, did the same. late sir John Chandos, of famed renown, then advanced, and sent When they began their course, they couched their spears, thinking to have the war-shield of sir Boucicaut touched with a rod. Sir to make sure blows; but they were disappointed, to their great vexBoucicaut instantly appeared, and, having his armor laced, mounted ation, by the swerving of their horses, which forced them to return his horse: placing his lance in its rest, they met full gallop, and to their posts. They determined to manage them better at their secmade, by their blows, the fire fly from their helmets, but they neither ond tilt, and spurred them both so vigorously, they each struck the broke their lances nor lost their stirrups: having passed, they re- other on the vizor. Sir Boucicaut broke his lance, but not so the turned to their places, making ready for the second course. This English knight; for he employed it with such force, that he not only was done without any way sparing themselves: sir Boucicaut broke unhelmed, but made the blood spout from his nose as he broke off his lance and was unhelmed, but did not for this fall to the ground. the helmet of sir Boucicaut, who then retired to:, his pavilion: he Lord Clifford returned to his place, to prepare himself for another tilted no more that day, for it was now nearly vespers. Sir Peter course, but sir Boucicaut did not again put on his helmet. Lord Shirborne, however, would not desist until he had completed his Clifford noticing this, resolved to perform a tilt with another knight, number of lances: he, in consequence, sent his squire to touch the and sent his squire to touch the shield of the Lord de Saimpi. The war-target of the lord de Saimpi, who was prepared to meet him. lord de Saimpi being ready, sallied forth from his pavilion; they The two knights spurred on violently against each other, and hit on ran at each other with great force, met full, and lord Clifford broke the top of their helmets; but the lances slipt over, and they passed his lance into three pieces against the taiget of his adversary. In each other without hurt. The spectators said, had their spears been return, the lord de Saimpi struck off his helmet, and both continued pointed lower, and the shields received the blows, one or both must their career to their places. The lord Clifford tilted no more that have suffered severely from the shock. The next course they struck day, for the spectators said he had honorably and valorously borne full on their targets, and broke their lances into three parts; but the himself. blow of the lord de Saimpi was so strong, that the English knight Sir Henry Beaumontt: then came forward, and sent to have the lost his seat and fell to the ground, from whence, however, he inM target of sir Boucicaut touched, who was instantly ready to reply to stantly arose, and was led by his attendants from the lists. The lord the call, having not dismounted from the tilts with lord Clifford. de Saimpi returned to his post, viewing the state of his adversary, Thile lord Beaumont did not manage his lance well, and hit Bouci.- and showing his willingness to renew the tilt with himn he had overcaut on the side; but sir Boucicaut struck him so full on the mid- thrown or with any other; but none came forward, as it was now die of his shield that it drove him to the ground, and continued his time to leave off for this day, and return to their h6tels. The Engcourse. Lord Beaumont was raised up by his attendants and re- lish, and such as had accompanied them, set off full gallop for Calais, mounted. The lord de Saimpi then presented himself, and they where they remained that night enjoying themselves, and talking tilted two courses very handsomely without hurt to either. over the feats of arms that had been performed. The French retired Sir Peter Courtenay, who was anxious to engage and to run six to Saint Inglevere; and, if the English talked much of what had lances, sent a squire to touch with a rod the three shields of war. been done, you may readily suppose the French were not silent. This caused a good deal of surprise, and he was asked what were On Tuesday, after mass and drinking a cup, all those who intended his intentions by so doing. He replied, that he wished to tilt with to tilt, and those who wished to see them, left Calais, and rode in an each of the French knights two lances, if no misfortune befel him, orderly manner to where the lists had been held the preceding day and he entreated they would comply with his request. They were The French were already there, as was right, and prepared to receive ready to consent to it, and sir Reginald de Roye first offered him- them. The day was bright, clear, and sufficiently warm. The Eng. self. Having made themselves ready, they spurred their horses, and lish drew up on one side, and armed those who were to tilt. took good aim not to miss their stroke; but, from the restiveness of Sir William Clifton, a very valiant and expert knight, was the first their horses, they failed. They were much vexed, and returned to who sent his squire to touch the shield of sir Boucicaut: the knight their places. 6, the second course they met full gallop; and sir instantly came forth, armed completely for the tournament, mounted Reginald de Roye, having unhelmed his adversary, returned gently his horse, and grasped his lance. The two knights met full gallop, toward his pavilion, his two courses being completed. Sir Peter hitting each on the target, but passed on without anything more Courtenay being armed once more, the lord de Sainmpi advanced, The second course was very handsome: thei met, and hit each on and their lances were broken at the first shock: they continued their the helmet, the lances crossing. The third course they struck again course, when new lances were given them. They advanced toward their shields, and with such violence, that the horses were stop. each other furiously, and the lord do Saimpi hit sir Peter, whose ped. The fourth course with lances was gallantly performed, for horse swerved a little; but sir Peter struck of his helmet, and rode they hit each other so strongly on the vizors of their helmets, they on at a gentle pace to his post. Sir Boucicaut now came to corn- were driven off by the blow to different sides. The English knight pete the two other courses; and at their onset they struck each tilted no more that day, for he was told he had done enough. other on the shield so rudely, that.the two horses were suddenly After this, sir Nicholas Clinton, a young English knight, sent to checked in their career: no other damage ensued. At the second touch the target of the lord de Saimpi, who immediately appeared course, they were both unhelmed. When these six tilts were done, ready armed and mounted. The two knights spurred their horses, sir Peter requested, as a favor, to run one more with any of the three bearing their spears in good array: when near, they struck their op. knights who pleased, but it was refused; and he was told, that he ponent's target with such violence that the steel remained fixed; and had done enough that day. it is wonderful no other harm ensued, for they were both young, of An English knight, called sir John Gouloufre, came forth, armed good courage, and did not spare themselves. They neither fell not from head to foot, and sent his squire to touch the war-shield of sir were wounded, but their lances were shivered to pieces. They then Reginald de Roye. The knight obeyed the summons, and both ad. passed on, each to his post. The second course was well tiltedvanced full gallop. They hit each other's helmets, but were neither they struck each on the helmets, but, as it was on the top, they did unhelmed nor had their lances broken. Their horses refused to run no damage, and passed on. At the third. course with lances, t3e the second course, to their great vexation. At the third tilt they horses swerved, to their sorrow i and, at the fourth, the lord de struck their shields and broke their lances. They were supplied 3aimpi unhelmed the English knight, who returned to his country. with others, and, from the swerving of their horses, passed their men and tilted no more, for they assured him he had behaved most fourth career without striking a blow. The fifth lance was too well valiantly, and that he must allow others to have their share.'I suppose this must be Thomas Mowbray, earl of Nottingham and earl-marshal: When sir Nicholas Clinton was returned from the lists, a gallant he was afterwards created duke of Norfolk. See Dugdale. knight of England, nearly related to the earl of Huntingdon, called t Froissart calls him sir Louis de Clifford, but he was Thomas lord Clifford of Caromerland. See Dugdale.. He is called before i~oussel. In the MS. in the British Museum, Rouasl.? Lerd Beaumont See Dugdale. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c.51 William Seimort,* left his tent, and sent to touch the target of sir unhelmed, with a force that broke the buckle which fastened it be Reginald de Roye, who appeared to meet him. Each having taken hind, and it fell on the ground. They finished their course, and the his post, they vigorously spurred their horses, and gave such blows English squire went among his countrymen, not intending to tilt more on their shields, that it was surprising they were not unhorsed; but that day. The lord de Saimpi remained gallantly on horseback, both kept their seats, as they rode well. They passed on to their leaning on his spear, to wait until he should be again called upon. places; but the English knight let fall his lance, and sir Reginald Sir John Bolton, a gallant knight from England, shortly after this bore his in handsome array. tilt was over, sent his squire to touch the shield of the lord de Saimpi, The English knight having had his lance given to him, he placed who, being prepared, entered the lists, his target on his neck and it in its rest, and spurring his horse, intended to have done wonders. spear in hand. Each hit his adversary's shield, and it was surprising Indeed the blow would have been good if it had been straight, but, they were not pierced, fbr their lances were strong, and their heads by the swerving of his horse, it was very weak; and I doubt if it well tempered; but they passed without further loss than of their were not, in some measure, the fault of the knight. Sir Reginald spears, which fell to the ground.' When they were picked up and struck him such a blow on the shield, as made him bend backward, given them, they again spurred their horses, and struck the helmets, but they passed on without further hurt. Being prepared for the but without effect, and continued their career. At the third course third course, they again spurred their horses and couched their lan-. their horses crossed. The lord de Saimpi, at the fourth, unhelmed ces, and hit each other so rudely on the helmets that the fire sparkled sir John Bolton, by a hard blow, and then the two knights returned from them. Theypassed on, but from this blow their lances fell to to their friends. the ground: persons were at hand to pick them up and give them to Thomelin Messidon,* a young English knight, well and richly the knights. Having replaced the lances in their rests, they renewed armed, with a great desire to gain honor, sent to touch the shield of the tilt, and, aiming well, struck each other on the vizors of their sir Boucicaut. The knight instantly came forth, and, having grasped helmets so severely, that sir William Seimort was unhelmed and his lance, both spurred their horses; and each made his stroke by nearly thrown to the ground; but, though he staggered, he kept his crossing under the helmet: they passed on without hurt or blame, seat. The English knight then went to his countrymen, and did but were not long before they spurred on again. In this course, they nothing more that day. hit very roughly on the targets; Thomelin Messidon shivered his A squire called Lancaster now stepped forth, and sent to touch the lance; but sir Boucicaut's blow was so severe, it drove his opponent shield of sir Boucicaut. He was ready mounted to answer the call, over the crupper of his horse to the ground. Those of his party ran and, having grasped his spear, they met most courageously: they to raise him up, and carried him off, for he tilted no more that day. struck their helmets, so as to make the fire fly from them, and it was Another squire of England, called Navarton,t instantly stepped astonishing they kept them on their heads. No harm being done, forth, and sent to touch the war-shield of sir Boucicaut, saying lihe each returned to his post, where they made no long stay before they would revenge his companion, whom he had struck to the ground in began their second course with great vigor, each hitting on his op- his presence. Boucicaut was ready to answer him, being armed and ponent's target: the horses swerved, which prevented this from being mounted, and leaning on his spear. They met full gallop, and hit a handsome or effectual tilt; but this they could not help. At the each other on the vizors of their helmets, but passed on without other third lance they met, and the blow was so well placed, that the Eng- damage. Having had their helmets readjusted, and their lances given lishman was unhelmed, and passed on to his post bareheaded all but them, they again met with great violence, and friom the shock of the the scull-cap, and would not that day tilt more. blows on the targets, the horses were stopped, and the lances broken A young knight, whose name was sir John Tallboys, next made into three pieces, but they completed their course without any hurt. his appearance, completely armed, and sent to touch the war-target They had new spears given them; and at the third course sir Bouof the lord de Saimpi. That knight was ready for the tilt, and, hay- cicaut was hit hard on the target, but he gave Navarton a blow that ing grasped his spear, stuck spurs into his horse: their first onset unhelmed him: he then withdrew to his countrymen, and tilted no was so rough, their lances were shivered. The two knights passed more that day; for they said he had done sufficient, and had gained each other without other damage, and were notlong before they be- great applause. gan their second couise, having received new lances, of which there After this, another squire advanced, called Sequaqueton,t an able was a provision ready, all of the same length. From the fault of man-at-arms and expert tilter. He sent to touch the shield of sir their horses, though they aimed well, they missed hitting; but the Reginald de Roye, who replied that he was prepared and mountel. third course was well performed, for they unhelmed each other, and They spurred their horses, and gave violent strokes on their targets, then each retired to his own party, and the English knight did noth- without sparing each other. Sequaqueton bore himself handsomely ing more that day. without falling, to the surprise of the spectators, for sir Reginald's Sir Godfrey de Seca next presented himself: he was a gallant blow made him bend backward almost on the crupper of his horse; knight, and snowed, by his manner of riding and bearing his lance, but he raised himself, and gallantly finished his career with the loss that he was an able tilter, and desirous of renown. He sent his only of his lance. Having received another, they ran the second tilt squire to touch the war-target of sir Reginald de Roye. That knight with great courage, and struck such blows on their helmets as made came forward instantly, as he was ready mounted, and, placing him- the fire fly from them. It was a handsome course, and no damage self proyerly for the tilt, they both set off full gallop, and gave such done. They repaired to their posts, and spurred again for the third blows on their targets, that though their spears, from their strength, time. In this tilt, Sequaqueton was severely unhelmed, and on the did not break, they remained fastened to the shields, and by dint of point of falling, both himself and horse, for hlie staggered considera; hard pushing, the horses were checked: each knight returned to his bly. The squire, when on his feet, returned to his companions and post without losing his lance, but bearing it handsomely before him. tilted no more: indeed, there was an end to the whole for the day, Having placed them in their rests, they again spurred their horses, as it was now late. The English collected together and returned to which were strong and active, but by their swerving, they missed Calais, as did the French to St. Inglevere. their stroke and dropped their spears. Those near picked them up You must know, though I have not before made mention of it, and returned them, and again they renewed the tilt; for they were that king Charles of France was present at these justs. Being young, heated, and seemed unwilling to spare each other. The English and desirous of witnessing extraordinary sights, he would have been knight hit sir Reginald a severe blow on the top of his helmet, with- much vexed if he had not seen these tournaments. He was thereout otherwise damaging him; but sir Reginald gave him so strong a fore present at the early part and latter end of them, attended only thrust on the target, (for at that time he was counted dne of the stout- by the lord de Garencieres; but both so disguised that nobody knew est tilters in France, and was smitten with love for a young lady that of it; and they returned every evening to Marquise.~ made all his affairs prosper,) it pierced through it as well as his left The ensuing day, Wednesday, was as fine as the foregoing; and arm; the spear broke as it entered, the butt end falling to the ground, the English, who had crossed the sea to take part in or view this the other sticking in the shield, and the steel in the arm. The knight, tournament, mounted their horses, at the same hour as on the precehowever, did not for this fail to finish his course gallantly; but his com- ding day, and rode to the place appointed for the lists, to the delight panions came to him, and the broken spear and steel were extracted, of the French, who were rejoiced to see them. It was not long after the blood stanched, and the arm tied up. Sir Reginald returned to his their arrival when an English squire, a good tilter, called John Sayfriends, and there remained, leaning on another lance that had been age, squire of' honor and of the body to the earl of Huntingdon, sent given him. Sir Reginald was much praised by the French and Eng- to touch the shield of sir Reginald de Roye. The knight answered, lish for this tilt; and no one said anything improper against him, on he was ready and willing to satisfy him. When he had mounted his account of the Englishman being wounded, for such are the events of horse, and had his helmet buckled and lance given to him, they set arms: to one they are fortunate, to another the reverse; and, to' say off full gallop, and gave such blows on the targets, that had the spears the truth, they did not spare each other. not broken, one or both must have fallen to the ground. This was An English squire, called Blaquet,t then sent to strike the war- handsome and dangerous; but the knights received no hurt, though shield of the lord de Saimpi. When they were both ready, they the points of the lances passed through the targets, and slipped off spurred their horses, and hit on the helmets hard blows, though the their side-armor. The spears were broken about a foot from the points of their spears slipped ofl: on finishing their career, they lost shaft, the points remaining in the shields; and they gallantly bore their lances. When they were restored to them, they began their the shafts before them, as they finished their career. The spectators second course, but, by the fault of their horses, nothing was done. At the third onset, Blaquet gave the lord de Saimpi a hard blow on ~ "Thomelin Messidon." It is Messiden in the MSS..ie helmet, but was struck by him much harder on the vizor, and t Warneston..-Beaos..: "Sezuaqueton." Q. Swinnerton, ~ "Marquise" —a town in Picardy, five leagues from Calais, three and a half ftom m Q. feymour. —E. t"Blaquet." Q. Blake. Boulogne. 512 CHIRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. thought they must have been seriously wounded; and the French and fell to the ground, and they returned to their stations without other English hastened each to their companion, whom, to their joy, they damage. On their being restored, they continued their tilt, and struck found unhurt. They were told they had done enough for that day: hard blows on the helmets without anything more, and pursued theit but John Savage was not satisfied, and said that he had not crossed career, bearing their lances handsomely before them. When they the sea for only one tilt with a lance. This was repeated to sir Re- had rested a little, they considered how they could best annoy each ginald, who replied:. "lie is in tle right; and it is but just that he other, and, having aimed well, spurred on their horses. John Mar. should be gratified, either by me or one of my companions." When shal gave such a thrust on Boucicaut's shield that his lance was bro. they had rested themselves a while, and received new lances, they ken to the stump, and Boucicaut's blow unhelmed his opponent, and b'gan their second course, each aiming well at the other; but they drove him on the crupper of his horse. The squire, notwithstanding, failed from the swerving of their horses, to their great vexation, and completed his course without falling, and then went to his comrpanreturned to their posts. Their lances, which had been accidentally ions, who said he ought now to be satisfied, for that he had well dropped, were given to them, and they set off on their third course. performed. This time they hit on the vizors of their helmets; and, by the force When the squire had withdrawn, a young and firisky knight adand crossing of their lances, both were unhelmed as they passed. vanced, who was eager to gain renown. His name was sir John The tilt was much applauded for its correctness and vigor. When Cliseton,* and he bore for arms a field argent, fretted azure, with a they returned to their posts, the English told John Savage, that he mullet argent in chief. He sent his squire to touch the war-shield had very honorably performed, and that it was now time for himn to of sir Reginald de Roye, who was much pleased at the summons. make way for others to tilt as well as himself. He complied with Having taken their stations and received their lances, they spurred this, and, laying aside his lance and target, dismounted, and rode on their horses and hit each other full on the helmets, but passed and a hackney to witness the performances of others. completed their career. They kept their lances in their rests, and An English squire, named William Basquenay, cousin to the earl- were not long before they commenced the second course, in which marshal, came forth fully armed for the occasion, and sent to have they gave heavy thrusts on theirshields, but without any loss, except the war-shield of sir Boucicaut stricken. The knight instantly made of their spears, which fell to the ground. Having received their his appearance at the end of the lists, and each galloped toward the lances, they hit each other, on the third course, such blows on the other as straight as they could. They struck their helmets gallantly; tops of the helmets as made the fire fly. At the fourth course their and the blow was so effectual on the vizors that they were both un- horses swerved, to their great disappointment. The fifth was well helmed, and continued their course without further hurt. Their performed, for each broke his lance. The two knights grew warm, friends, who were'near, readjusted their armor; and, giving themn and plainly showed they were desirous of trying each other's valor to their spears, they commenced their second course by desperate strokes the utmost. When at their stations they had fiesh lances given them, on their targets; but, the lances brealking, no harm was done, and that were stiff enough; and, after a short delay, they again spurred they continued their career. They were supplied with new lances, their horses, and laid in such blows on the helmets that both were that were stout and good; but, from the fault of their horses, they unhelmed. This course was greatly praised by all present, and when missed their strokes. At the fourth lance, they hit; and William they had completed their career, they returned to their countrymen; Basquenay was unhelmed a second time, and then returned to his for the English knight tilted no more that day. companions, inot tilting more that day. When this was finished, a squire from England, called Roger Lamb, A squire from England, whose name was John Scot, sent to have whose arms were a cross gules, on a field argent and sable quartered, the war-shield of the lord de Saimpi touched. He immediately ap- came forward, handsomely equipped, and gayly sent to touch the war. peared, and at their onset they gave such blows on their targets as target of the lord de Saimpi. The knight instantly obeyed the call, stopped their horses; but, their lances being strong, they nellther broke and by his alacrity showed he preferred tilting to remaining idle. On nor fell out of their hands. The second course was well performed: the first onset, they checked their horses, by the force of their blows the lord de Saimpi hit his adversary; but Scot had more success in on their shields; but the lances, being strong, did not break, and unhelming him, for which he was much applauded by his countrymen. they continued their course. On the second tilt, they hit the helmets The lord de Saimpi was soon rehelmed; and, grasping his spear, hard enough; but, as the points of their lances grazed off, no harn, they spurred against each other with great violence. They placed was done. Roger Lamb was unhelmed at the third course, and re. their blows on their targets, but with a force that drove John Scot turned to his countrymen without doing more that day. out of' his sadd'e to the ground, and thus did the lord de Saimpi re- After this, a gallant knight from that part of Hainault called Ostre venge himself. The squire was raised, and carried off by his com- vant, a good man-at-arms and able tilter, offered himself. He had panions. been educated in England at the court of king Edward, and his name Bernard Stapleton, an English squire, sent to strike the lord de was sir John d'Ambreticourt, and brother to that excellent knight, Saimrpi's shield, who was not dismounted from his last tilt. They sir Eustace d'Ambreticourt. He bore for his arms ermine two bars met, and hit each other on the helmets so forcibly as to make the hutmetty gules, each charged with three escallop shells argent. The sparks fly firom them; but they passed on without hurt and returned knight was well equipped for the tournament, and sent one of his to their posts. Still grasping their spears, they couched them, and squires to touch the war-target of sir Reginald de Roye. Having at this second course, struck very severe blows on their targets; taken their stations, they eyed each other well, and spurring their but ket their seats well, without falling or staggering, to the end of horses, gave such blows on the shields as made sparks of fire fly from their career. The third lance struck the hehnets, and both were them, and the horses to bend under them. The tilt was handsome, unhelmed. The English squire retired from the lists, as his friends for no harm was d.ne, and they continued the career. They were told him he had acquitted himself with honor not long before they ran their second course, and again hit on the The next that presented himself, was a young gay knight from shields. It was wonderful that this was not attended with mischief, England, who shone in tournaments, in dancing, and in singing, for they were both strong and courageous tilters, fearless of death or called sir John Arundel. He sent his squire to touch the war-shield danger. The shock of this attack was so great that their horses were of sir Reginald de Roye The knight replied, that he wished for forced on their haunches, and the two knights staggered. Neverthe nothing more agreeable than to tilt with him. Having received their less, they continued their career, but with the loss of their lances spears, they galloped off at the same morent, and gave and received Having received their lances, they ran their third course, and sir hard blows on their shields; but they kept their seats handsomely, John d'Ambreticourt unhelmed sir Reginald de Roye so as to injure and continued their career. Their lances having fallen from their him very considerably, and to terminate his career. Sir Reginald hands, were restored to them by those appointed for that purpose; went to his party, and plainly showed he would not tilt more that and they began their second course with blows on the helmets that day. When sir John d'Ambreticourt perceived this, as he had a made the fire fly, but they passed on without further hurt. At the great delight in tilting, he sent to touch the war-shield of sir Boucithird onset, the horses swerved; and the knights in their attempt to caut, who instantly advanced to the lists. Having had his target strike, lost their lances, and with difficulty recovered themselves. At buckled on, and placed his spear in the rest, they spurred against each the fourth they struck the helmets,"but without harm or unhelming. other, and gave such blows on the shields that it was surprising they At the fifth course, they hit each other on the target, and broke their were not pierced through; but this might be owing to the swerving lances, without any other damage. Sir John Arundel completed his of the horses. When returned to their stations, they did not remain career, and return-.d to his friends. long before they commenced their second course with vigor, and hit After this, Nicholas Stone, an English squire, sent to touch the each other hard on the helmets; but the spears slipped off, and they war-shield of sir Boucicaut. The knight seizing his lance, they continued their career, The knights having lost their spears, they spurred against each other and hit on the helmets; but the spears were brought to them by their squires, and they renewed the tilt. slipped off, and they passed unhurt. Holding still their lances in the This time they were both very severely unhelmed, and gallantly rests, they set off againl, and hit so hard on the targets, that the horses finished their course. staggered with the shock, and the knights dropped their spears. When The English now collected together, as evening was approaching, they had received their lances, they again galloped off full speed, and returned to Calais, where they passed the night in talking over and their blows on the helmets were effectual: at least the English the different feats of arms that had been that day performed. The squire lost his helmet and retired, for his friends said he had done French amused themselves in like manner at Saint Inglevere. On enough. Thursday morning, the fourth day of the tournament, the English Anothuer squire from England, called John Marshal, advanced to found that there were yet amany knights and sq'ires who had not the lists, completely armed, and sent to touch the war-target of sir entered the lists, and who had purposely come from England: they Boucicaut, who replied, he was ready, and waiting to be called upon. therefore said, that all who had any intentions to tilt shoued do so, At their first course they hit each other on the targets, but the lances " Jaha Clisetta." Q. CliIWD. CHRONICI, E5 OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN. &c 51) otherwise they would not be handsomely treated. The lords of Eng- again, they, on the third onset, placed their thrusts so ably and forde land had agreed to return to Saint Inglevere on the Thursday, for bly on the visors, that both were unhelmed, and finished their course. thuse who pleased to perform their justs: in consequence, they left The English squire returned to his companions, and was idle during Calais after mass, and, on arriving at the lists, found the three French the rest of the day. knights ready in their pavilions to answer all who might call on them, Another English squire, called John Merlan, now advanced. He attecdled by those that were to serve them and such as came to wit- bore for arms a bend sable on a field argent, charged with three nes the deeds of arms. lion-heads sable, and sent to touch the war-target of sir Reginald An English knight, called sir Godfrey d'Estas,* was the first who de Roye. The knight answered, he was at his service. Having entered the lists: he bore for arms a lion sable on a field or, with entered the lists, they at the first onset gave violent blows on the three bars gules, and charged with a mullet or, on the dexter paw of helmets, but without any effect, and, by firmly holding their lances, a lion, and was completely and gayly armed. He sent a squire to returned to their stations without loss of any kind. The second touch the war-shield of sir Boucicaut, who instantly advanced from course, their spears met on their bucklers, and the horses wereO his pavilion prepared to obey the summons. Having received their checked; having thrown down their lances, they continued their spears and bucklers and eyed each other for a short time, they spurred career, each to his station, and made ready to tilt well the third lance. on their horses, and both struck violent blows on the helmets; but, When their spears had been given them, they set off full gallop, and as the points of their lances slipped off, they continued their course sir Reginald hit sir John Merlan a blow on his buckler, which forced to their stations. Keeping the lances in the rests, they recommenced him out of the saddle to the ground. He continued his course to the tilt, and met with such force on their bucklers, that had not their his station, and the Englishman was raised and carried to his counspears broken, much mischief might have ensued. When they had trymen. rested a while and had new lances, they ran a third course with great John Mouton, another squire from England, next offered himself. violence, and hit the vizors so fairly and well that both were un- He bore for arms a chevron sable on a field gules, three pierced mulhelmed; they continued their career, and then retired to their own lets or, with an indented bordure sable, and sent to strike the warpeople. The English knight did nothing more this day, for he was shield of sir Boucicaut, who replied, he was always ready to tilt. told that he had performed well, and must give way to others. Their strokes met on their bucklers, but without damage. It was Alain Bourch,t an able and expert English squire, sent to touch not their fault, for the blows were well placed, and they gallantly the war-target of the lord de Saimpi, who came from his pavilion im passed, bearing their lances before them, to their stations. They obedience to the call. They gave blows on their helmets at the first were not long before they commenced their second tilt, and hit very onset, that made the fire sparkle, kut no other harm was done. At severely on the helmets, but without loss, excepting their lances, and the second tilt, their lances met on their bucklers with such force as returned to their posts. Those who were appointed to gather the shivered them in pieces, but they continued their career unhurt. lances that fell, instantly presented them to the knights, who renewed They were quickly supplied with new lances; and, spurring on the the tilt; but at thethird course sir Boucicaut unhelmed John Mou. third time, they placed their thrusts so well and strong that they ton, who retired to his companions. were hoth unhelmed, and completed their course: the Englishman A very handsome knight from England now came forth: he was retired to his countrymen, to allow others to show their skill and well armed at all points, and kept an excellent position on his horse, valor. and was called sir Jaquemin Strop.* He sent to touch the warAn English squire, called John Storp, sent to touch the target of target of the lord de Saimpi, who being mounted and armed before his sir Boucicaut, who issued forth out of his pavilion, and his horse pavilion, advanced to the lists. At their first course they missed their being ready, mounted him and entered the lists. They failed in stroke, from their horses' running out of the line, which vexed them their first course, fromn the fault of their horses. When they returned much. They were not long before they again set off full gallop, and,, to their stations, they were not long before they ran the second; and, when they met, gave such blows on the helmets as made them strike although they gave each other severe blows on the helmet, no mis- fire: they passed on without loss but of their spears. As soon as: chief ensued. At the third course, John Storp was forcibly struck they were returned to their stations, their lances were brought them,. to the ground; whence he was raised by his friends and did no more and after a short delay, they began their third course. They both that day. hit with great force on the bucklers: but sir James Scrope's lance A Bohemian knight now advanced, who was of the household of broke, while sir Reginald unhorsed his opponent and continued his, the queen of England, called sir Herchauce. He was esteemed a career. Sir James was raised from the ground by his attendants, strong and expert tiller, and bore for his arms three griffins' feet sable and did no more that day. on a shield argent ongl' with azure. When he entered the lists, he Another English knight, called sir William Masquelee, was ready - was asked which of the three knights he wished to tilt With: he re- to enter the lists, and to engage with whoever pleased; for he had' plied, " With Boucicaut." On this an English squire was sent, ac- crossed the sea with thle earl of Huntingdon in this view. He sent cording to the regulaiions, to touch sir Boucicaut's war-target. The to touch the war-target of sir Boucicaut, who had his bckler fastknight, having kept himself prepared for any summons, left his ened, and instantly advanced to meet his adversary. They both at., pavilion, and having fastened his buckler and grasped his lance, the same moment spurred their horses, which were fresh and eager entered the lists. His opponent was then ready to meet him; and to begin the course; for the very instant they felt the points, they spurring'their horses, they thought to give full strokes; but it was not bounded forward. The two knights toolk good aim, and mutually so, firom the ill conduct of the Bohenmiian knight, for which lie was gave such strokes on their helmets that fire sparkled from them: aMnd,. greatly blamed. He had, out of the line of tilting, hit sir Bouci- though the points of the lances slipped off, the tilt was much praised caut on the helmet, and continued his career: for this impropriety, by all present. They continued their career to their different sta. of which the English saw him guilty, he had forfeited his arms and lions, but did not make any long stay before they again spurred horse, should the French insist upon them. The French and Eng- their horses and couched their spears, for they did not drop them,. glish held a long conversation on this ill-placed stroke; but at last and met with such violence, that their lances must have pierced the the French knights pardoned it, the better to please the English. bucklers, if the horses had not swerved. They finished their course, Herchauce begged, as a favor, that he might be permitted to run throwing down their lances, and completed their career like gooW only one course more. On being asked "With which of the three tillers, in excellent array to their posts. Having received theirspears, knights?" he sent to touch the target of sir Reginald de Roye. That they set off as fast as their horses could carry them, and, on theirknight was waiting in his pavilion, not having tilted that day, and meeting, hit the vizors of the helmets severely. The tilt was loudlydeclared his willingness to accommodate sir Herchauce, since his applauded, for they were both unhelmed, and bareheaded all but the request had been granted. Sir Reginald mounted his horse, and hay- scull-caps: they finished their career, and then returned to theiring had his buckler fastened, and his lance given him, he eyed his friends, for they had excellently performed. opponent, that he might well point his stroke. Both spurred their An English squire called Nichoins Lamb, well and elegantly armed, horses at the same moment, and hit on the shields; but sir Reginald advanced, having a great desire to tryhis skill in arms. He sent teo (who was one of the firmest and best tilters in France,) thrust with strike the war-target of the lord de Saimpi, who was already mounted such force as Made the Bohemian fly out of his saddle, and fall so and armed, in front of his pavilion, with his buckler on his breast, so severely on the ground that the spectators imagined that he was blazoned with his arms. He grasped his spear, and flew to the lists killed. Sir Reginald contirued his course to his own station. Sir with the eagerness of a hawk to seize his prey. The English squire Herchauce was raised with much difficulty by his attendants, and did the same, and, setting off at full speed, they gave such blows on carried to the English, who were well pleased at what had happened their bucklers, that their lances were shivered: it was fortunate they to him, for the uncourteous manner in which hlie had run his first broke, or the knights must have been greatly hurt, or unhorsed, but course. He had not any desire to tilt more that day. they kept their seats firmly. When returned to their stations, they The next who came forward was Robin Seorneborne,~ an able and were supplied with new lances, and with them, at the second course, gay squire from England. He sent to touch the Wiar-target of the made the file fly from their helmets: no other damage was done, for lord de Satmrpi, who was ready mounted and prepared to answer the spears had crossed, and they continued their career to their posts. him. At their first course they hit their helmets, and continued their After a short rest, they commenced their third tilt, and had well ex. career. At the next, they struck their bucklers, but unsuccessfully, amined where they could place their thrusts. This was gallantly as before, excepting the lass of their lances. Having recovered them performed: for they hit, justly, the upper parts of the helmets, amid the points of the lances entered: both were so neatly unhelmed, * "'Sir Godfrey t'Estas.' Eustace. "Atala itofich." l'. Bi ach. Lord Beraers catis him Ateytm Bourmuse.that the lacings burst, and the helmets flew over the cruppers of their 1 "Alaia Bourch." Q. Birch. Lord Berners eatls him Alerune BorroaHe.' John Storp." Lord Bemees —Scrope.;I "Rolin Seorneborne.' Q. Sherburn, or Shirbum. * "Sir Jaquemin Strop. Q. Sir James Scrope. 514 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. horses on the field. The knights kept their seats and completed plaints of their subjects, that were daily made to them from the their course in handsome a ay, and returned to their countrymen. island of Albe,* Isja,t Guerset Buscan,~ Gorgennen,jj and frcm The tournament was now at an ena, for no more tilters appeared the coast as far as the gulf of Lyons to the islands of Sardonne,' on the part of the English. The earl of Huntingdon, the earl-mar- Finesse,** and even from the island of Majorca,tt determined to Bhal, the lord Clifford, the lord Beaumont,* sir John Clifton, sir John make their situation known to the court of France, and to offer to d'Ambreticourt, sir Peter Sherburne, and all those knights who had such knights as would undertake an expedition against the infidels, tilted the preceding days, then waited in a body on the French vessels of provision, with a passage thither and back free of all coets, knights, and thanked them warmnily for the amusements they had provided that one of the king's uncles, or his brother the duke 4 given them. They said, " All the knights who have accompanied Tournine (who, being young, ought to labor to gain renown,) would us having now tilted, we take our leave of you, and return to Calais take the chief command. They likewise offered the aid of pilgrims, on our way to England. We know well that whoever may wish to from foreign parts to assist them, twelve thousand select Genoese try their skill in arms will find you here for thirty days, according to cross-bows, and eight thousand infantry armed with spears and your proclamation. On our return to England, we shall loudly speak shields, all at their expense. They imagined, that as now there was of your gallantry, and tell all those who may inquire of these deeds a truce between France, England and their allies, their knights of arms to come and witness them in person." "Many thanks," would, from having nothing to do, be glad to join in this warfare, and replied the three knights: "they shall be made welcome, and de. that they should have numbers of them from those kingdoms. livered by deeds of arms as you have been; and we desire you will When this intelligence was first brought to the French knights, accept our best acknowledgments for the courtesy you have shown they were much rejoiced, in hope of gaining honor; and the enibas. us." sadors from Genoa were told they should not return without their In such friendly manner did the English and I-ench knights sep. business being attended to, and succor afforded them, for their anxarate, in the plain of St. Inglevere: the first took the road to Calais, iety to extend the Christian faith was very praiseworthy. They but made no long stay; for on the Saturday morning they embarked waited at Paris, while it was under deliberation of the council who on board passage-boats, and landed at Dover about mid-day, when should be appointed commander-in-chief. The duke of Touraine each retired to his inn. They stayed the whole of Saturday, and offered his services to the king and council; but they, as well as the Sunday until after mass, at Dover; where having refreshed them- dukes of Berry and Burgundy, remonstrated, that this command was selves and their horses, they continued their journey to Rochester, not fit for him. They considered, that as the Genoese insisted on and there lay that night: on the morrow they arrived at London, the king's brother, or one of his uncles, taking the command, the when they separated, and each returned to his home. The three duke of Bourbon would be the most proper person, and that he should French knights before named, kept their engagements valiantly at have for his second the lord de Coucy. The Genoese embassadors, St. Inglevere. When the English knights were gone, the king of having received a favorable answer from the king, and certain assuFrance and the lord de Garencieres, who had witnessed the tourna- rances of being assisted with knights and men-at-arms from France, ment in disguise, returned to their inn at Marquise; and on the morrow, under the command of the duke of Bourbon, in the course of the at break of day, they set out for Paris, and never ceased riding until year, were greatly contented. They took leave of the king, and re. they came to Creilt on the river Oise, where at that time the queen turned to their own country, to relate the good news, and make pre. of France resided. Scarcely any one knew that the king was pres- parations accordingly. ent at these tilts, but his confidential valets-de-chambre. Reports of an invasion of Barbary were soon spread throughout From the time the English left Calais, I never heard that any others France: to some knights and squires it was agreeable, to others the came from England to Inglevere to try their skill in arms. The three contrary; all who were desirous of going thither could not, as it knights, however, remained there until the thirty days were fully ac- would have been at their own charges, for no lord paid for any but complished, and then leisurely returned each to his home. When those of his own household. It was also ordered, that no one from they waited on the king of France, the duke of Touraine, and other France should make part of this expedition but such as had the king's lords at Paris., they were most handsomely received. Indeed, they leave: for the council wished not the realm to be void of defence, were entitled to such reception, for they had gallantly behaved them- and the Genoese were expressly bound not to suffer any servants to selves, and well supported the honor of the king and of the realm of embark, but solely such as were gentlemen, and who could be de. France. pended upon. It was, besides, meant as a compliment to the knights and squires of other nations who might wish to join in the enterprise. C H A P T E R XIV. This regulation gave pleasure to all, foreign knights who heard of it The duke of Bourbon, having accepted the command, sent his serv. DUKE fUKE OF BOURBON IS APPOINTED CHIEF OF AN EXPEDITION TO ants to Genoa, where they were to embark, to make the necessary AFRICA, THAT IS UNDERTAKEN BY SEVERAL KNIGHTS OF FRANCE AND preparations for him and his household. The gallant count d'AuE NGLANO' AT THE SOLICITATION OF THE GENOESE. peaa dhshueod h aln on'u ENGLAN AT THE SOLCITATION OF THE GENOESE. vergne, who was likewise of the expedition, did the same. The I HAVE delayed, for a long time, speaking of a grand and noble lord de Coucy, sir Guy de la Tremouille, sir Johs de Vienne, and all enterprise that was undertaken by some knights of France, England the great barons and knights of France who had obtained leave to and other countries, against the kingdom of Barbary. I wish not to make part of this army, were not behind-hand in sending thither forget nor to defer it; but, ar I had begun on the tilts at St. Ingle- purveyances suitable to their state. The lord Philip d'Artois, count vere, I was desirous to complete that account. Since that is done, d'Eu, sir Philip d(e Bar, the lord de Harcourt, sir Henry d'Antoing, I will return to other subjects, and refresh my memory accordingly; did so likewise. Froil Brittany and Normandy many great lords for such events as I have to relate are greatly amusing, and, if I had made preparations for this expedition to Barbary, as well as from not taken pleasure in inditing them, I should never have succeeded. Hainault: among the last, were the lord de Ligne and the lord The text of the subject I mean to proceed on says, that about this de Havreth. Several knights came from Flanders; and the duke time the Genoese were reported throughout France and other coun. of Lancaster had a bastard son, called Henry de Beaufort, whom, tries, to be desirous of raisinlg a large army to invade Barbary; and through devotion, he sent thither. He had him well accompanied that all knights, squires or men-at-arms, who would engage in this by many knights and squires of rank in England. expec&'on, should be supplied with such purveyances as biscuit, fresh The count de Foix was unwilling his bastard son, Evan of Foix, water, vinegar, and vessels and galleys to transport them thither, should remain behind, and had him properly attended by knights The cause of their forming this armament was, that the Africans and squires, as he wished him to keep his state grandly. Every one had attacked the country of Genoa, plundering the Islands belonging had taken care to send beforehand all he should want; and those at to them, and carrying off such from the coasts of Genoa as were not the greatest distance from Genoa, left their countries the middle of on their guard, by which they were kept under continual alarms. May) but it was about a month before all were assembled. The They possessed also a town, situated on the sea-shore of Barbary, Genoese were well pleased on their arrival, and made handsome and which is beyond measure strong, and called Africa,' surrounded with rich presents to the chiefs, the better to secure their affections. As high walls, gates and deep ditches. Like as the strong town of the knights arrived, they were posted adjoining each other, and, on Calais is the key to France and Flanders, and whoever is master of being mustered by the marshals, amounted to fourteen hundred it may at all times enter those countries, and from thence may be knights and squires. They were embarked on board of ships and sent a powerful force by sea, to do mischief to their neighbors; just galleys, that had been properly equipped for the voyage, on Saint so is the town of Africa the stronghold of the inhabitants of Barbary, John Baptist's day, in the year of grace 1390. Bugia. and Tunis, and other infidel countries. The Genoese, who are It was a beautiful sight to view this fleet, with the emblazoned rich merchants, bore great hatred to this town; for its corsairs fre- banners of the different lords glittering in the sun and fluttering in quently watched them at sea, and when strongest, fell on and plun. the wind; and to hear the minstrels and other musicians sounding daered their ships, carrying their spoils to this town of Africa, which their pipes, clarions and trumpets, whose sounds were reechoed back was, and is now, their place of deposit, and may be called their by the sea. When all were embarked, they cast anchor, and rewarren. mained that night at the mouth of the harbor; but the servants and The Genoese, to put an end to such conduct, and satisfy the com. horses were left behind'on shore. A horse worth fifty francs was on their embarkation sold for ten, as many of the knights and squires * "Lald B eaumont." Dugdale says his name was John, instead of Henry, as were uncertain when, or if ever, they should return, and the keep of Froissart calls hinm.__________________________________ t' Creil," diocese of Senlis, ten leagues and a half from Paris.' Albe." QElba. I "leja." Q.Lsehia. ~ "Gueue." Q Coie "' Africa.," a sea-polt town of Barbary. seventy miles distant from Tunis. It was ~'Buscan." (4. II "Gorgennen." Q. Gorgona. azed to the ground by Andrew Doria, by the command of the emperor Charles V. and ~ "Sardonne." Q.Sardinia. + "FinesSe.". ear never been rebuilt. tt " Majorca," &c. belonged to the king of Arragon. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 515 five horses at Genoa was upward of a franc a day: they therefore, in the smallest degree infringed, those guilty of it should he corpo on departing, made of them what money they could, but it was little rally punished, without hope of mercy. This was done, that there enough. might not be any excuses made from ignorance of the treaty. Some There were about three hundred galleys to transport the men-at- of the captains, fearful of a disgraceful death, or of incurring the arms and archers, and upward of one hundred vessels for the pur- king's indignation, kept the peace very well. Others did not, for veyances and other necessaries. On the morrow, at daybreak, they which they paid severely, as you will hear in the continuation of this weighed anchor, and rowed coastwise that and the succeeding night. history. The third day, they made Port-fino, where they lay that night: at You have before found it related in the course of these Chronicles, indited and arranged by me, sir John Frois. sart, treasurer and canon of Chimay, how peace had been agreed on with many of the captains of castles in Auvergne, Limousin, Rouergue, and Cahorsin, by the mediation of John count d'Armagnac, and Berald dauphin of Auvergne, to whom they had \: —- ~ surrendered their castles for different sums'\"~ ~;of money. The captains were also, by these treaties, bound to renounce, during the truce, the continuance of the warfare in France, and to accompany the count d'Armagnac to Lombardy, or whither else he might lead them. He was desirous to employ them in a war he was meditating against the lord Galeas de Visconti, count /suing n they weighed ande Vertus, for having disinherited his couundera zheprotctionofodand~tGeorge Whentheytadp astle of w sins-german, the sons of his late uncle the them lJ~'~'. ~ —k by?;.lord Barnabo, as has been before men. ___d ~~ ~~tioned. The count d'Armagnac and the dauphin of Auvergne had labored hard to gain over these captains, that the country might be at peace; and for this end a large sum hald been raised in Auvergne, Gevaudan, Rou. ergue, Cahorsin and Limousin, to the amount of two hundred thousand firancs. This tax pressed so hard on rich and poor, that many were forced to sell their inheri. ENeIsn AND FRENCH KNIGHTS UNDER THE DUKE OF BOURBON ON THEIR VOYAGE TO AFRIcA. rom tance to obtain peace. They imagined, a MS. Froissart of the Fifteenth century. that having paid such sums, they should remain unmolested by these robbers; but it was not so in many places, more espe..sunr, they rowed to Porto-Venere, and again cast anchor. The en- cially in those parts where Aymerigot Marcel had his garrison. Not. suing norning they weighed and tookl to the deep, putting themselves withstanding the fact that he had surrendered, by capitulation, his under khe protection of God and St. George. When they hadpassed castle of Aloise, which is situated in the heart of Auvergne, to the isl nd of Elba, they encountered a violent tempest, which drove the count d'Armagnac, he continued to do much mischief to the inthem e ack by Gorgona, Sardinia and Corsica, into the gulf of Lyons, habitants. Aymerigot was so rich as to be able to pay down, if a posit on always dangerous; but they could not avoid it, for the necessary, for his ransom, one hundred thousand firancs, which he tempos' was so violent, that the ablest mariner could not do anything had gained by plunder during ten years that he had carried onil this to prevent their running the utmost risl of destruction: they waited trade. The count d'Armagnac was anxious to have Aymerigot therefore the will of God. This storm lasted a day and night, and among his followers to Lombardy for two reasons: one was, to have dispersed the fleet. When the weather became calm and the sea his advice, as in everything relative to war he was subtle and enter tranquil, the pilots, who were acquainted with those seas, steered as prising, and very able respecting the escalade of forts, and the mode directly as they could for the island of Commeres,* which is but of war to be carried on: he therefore caused him to be told how de thirty miles friom the town of Africa, whither they bent their course. sirous he was of his company, and that he would be a great gainer The masters of the vessels had held a council before they entered the if he would join him. The other reason of his wish was, that if gulf of Lyons, and determined, that should they part company, they Aymerigot should remain behind, although he had sold Aloise, he would rendezvous at the island of Commeres, and wait there until might still do great harm to that country. they were all assembled. This plan was adopted; and it was up- Aymerigot dissembled in his negotiations with the count, and said ward of wine days before all were collected, so much had they been to those sent to him, "When I shall witness the departure of the scattered. count d'Armagnac to Lombardy, and see for certain that h e is in The island of Commere., though not large, is very pleasant. The earnest, I do not think, firom the inclination I feel toward him, that lords thero refreshed themselves, and praised God for having all met I shall remain behind." This was the only answer that could be again without essential loss or damage. When on the eve of de- obtained from him. The count d'Arntagnac resided in Cotrinhies parture, Ibh French lords, who took the lead, held a council on their and in the Toulotusain, making his preparations and collecting men. future proy.eedings, as they were now so near the port of Afrtica. at-arms. He would have hastened his expedition, if that to Africa We will fir a while leave this expedition, and speak of events that had not interfered; but that delayed it for some little timne, for many happened.n France, more particularly in Auvergne. knights and squires who were gone thither had promised him their assistance, as soon as he should begin his march. Th6 suddenness of the invasion of Barbary deranged his plans, and likewise induced C H APTE R XV. the more speedy capitulations with the captains of the free companies. Aymerigot Marcel was much vexed that he had sold his castle of &~MERIGOT KARCEL, CAPTAIN OF THE PILLAGING COMPANIES, hAVING Aloise, near St. Flour,* for his importance was lost, and he was less FORTIFID OCE D VENDAIS N TE BORDERS OF LMOUIN AND feared. During the time he held it against the whole force of the AUvERGdN, IS BESIEGED BY THE VISCOUNT DE MEArUX, BY COMMAND OF country, he was dreaded and respected by his companions in arms. ~~~~THE KING JF FRAB~NCE. ~He kept it always in good repair, and well provisioned; for his comDURING tke time of the assembly of this body of men-at.arms in positions with the country round amounted to twenty thousand florins France, for.he expedition to extend the Christian faith, and gain yearly. He was quite melancholy when he thoughtof his reduced renown, thet, were another sort of men-at-arms wholly given up to state, and would not diminish his treasure, which he had gained by plunder, in I imousin, Auvergne, and Rouergue, who, in spite of the his robberies, now the means of increasing it were closed. He said truce, were Mcontinually doing mischief to these countries, which to himself, that he heartily repented what he had done, because in thought themselves in security. The king of France had caused his opinion the pillaging life he had led, taking all things into con. the truce to V:e. publicly notified to the captains of the freebooters, sideration, was not to be despised. At times, he conversed on this particularly to Perrot le`Banois, 0overaor of Chalu~et, Aymerigot "subject with his former companions, and said, "There is no pleasure Marcel, Olim Barbe, captain of Donzac in Auvergne, who were per- nor glory in this world like what men-at-arms, such as murselves, sonally named in the act, and were assured, that if the truce were etnjoyed. How happy were we, when riding out in searcn of adventures, we met a rich abbot, a merchn.mt, or a string of mules, well Coammeres." This island is called Conimbres and Cominieres, in the printed and laden with draperies, furs, or spices, from Montpellier, Beziers, ot MS. editions. I em pose it must mean Comino or Cumin. Cuminum, and formerly Hephestia, a smat isl Id in the Mediterranean, between Gozo and Malta, belonging to the * L-a~int Flour " —a town in Auvergne, 4 leagues from Clermont-ferrand, fi fikrm!migl.', ~fMalta.- /aUDRAN. iota. 516 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. other places. All was our own, or at least ransomed according to the dauphiness; but, during this timne, diose in La Roche de Vendais our will. Every day we gained money. The peasants of Auvergne fortified themselves very strongly, and while about it they erected and Limouasin loved us, and provided our castle with corn, meal, huts covered with boughs for their horses. When it was known to baked bread, litter for our horses, oats, hay, good wine, fat beeves, those who had been disbanded, and were now out of pay, that Ay. sheep, and all sorts of poultry: we lived like kings; and when we merigot Marcel was continuing the war, they were much rejoiced: went abroad, the country trembled: everything was ours, both in many came to offer him their services, and he had very soon more going and returning. How did I and the bourg Copane take Carlat? than he wished. None of them asked for pay, but solely to be re. and how did I and Perrot le B6arnois will Chaluget? How did we, tained by him, for they knew well that those under him would gain you and I, without other assistance, scale the strong castle of Mar- a sufficiency from the overplus of the plunder which he gave up to quel, that belongs to the count dauphin? I only kept it five days, his men. Sometimes he made excursions in the upper parts of the and was paid down on a table five thousand francs for it, of which district, and sometimes on the contrary side, for no one ventured as I gave back one thousand, from love to the count's children. By yet to oppose him, so that his fame was spread far and near. Noth. my troth, this was a profitable and pleasant life, and I feel myself ing was talked of in Auvergne and Limousin but the robbers of La much reduced by selling Aloise, which was strong enough to resist Roche de Vendais, and greatly was the country firightened by them. any force that could be brought against it; and was besides, at the The garrison of Chaluget, under the command of Perrot le B6ar; time of my surrendering, so plentifully stored with provisions and nois, adhered steadily to the truce; and when he learnt that Aymeri. other necessaries, that it would not have needed anything for seven got was thus harassing the countries where the inhabitants imagined years to come. I consider myself, therefore, as deceived by this themselves to be at peace with every one, he was much angered, count d'Armagnac: indeed, Olim Barbe and Perrot le B6arnois fore- and said he had behaved very ill. He also sent to tell him not to warned me that I should repent when too late, and I now find their expect any assistance, nor to be admitted into Chalu~et nor into any words very true, for I most certainly do repent having parted with other place under his command. Aymerigot was indifferent as to this castle." this, for he had plenty of places to retire to, in case of need, besides When his companions, who were now poor, thus heard Aymerigot Chaluget, and men enough. There were besides, numbers that had complain, and perceived he was in earnest, they replied, "Aymerigot, nothing to do, and wished for mischief, who daily offered to increase we are ready to obey your commands. Let us renew the war, and his forces. Perrot le B6arnois forbade his men, under pain of death, consider what strong place we may seize on in Auvergne or Limou- to make any sallies injurious to the country people, for he declared sin, and fortify it. We shall soon recover our losses, and have full he would most strictly and honorably abide by the letter of the truce scope for pillaging, as the count-dauphin and his brother Hugh are Ohim Barbe, however, captain of Donzac, dissembled in this business, now out of the country, with many other knights and squires, on the saying publicly he would adhere to the terms of the truce; but I was expedition to Barbary; and in particular the lord de Coucy, who is told that his men sometimes made excursions privately, and, when lieutenant for the king over all these parts, is now likewise absent they had collected any considerable booty, he iiisisted on having the on this same expedition. We need not therefore fear him, nor the advantage of it. duke of Berry, who is at Paris, and has been so some time amusing The deputies from Clermont, Montferrant, and Riom, arrived at himself." "I know not well how to act," said Aymerigot; "for Paris, where they found the king, the duke of Berry, the duke of though I am well inclined to follow what you advise, yet as I am Touraine, and sir Oliver de Clisson constable of France. They im. personally named in the treaties, I am particularly pointed at." mediately waited on the duke of Berry and his council, to state the Ah," answered his companions, "that need not make any differ- cause of their coming, and to inform them that Aymerigot Marcel ence, if you be willing. You are no vassal to the king of France, was pillaging Auvergne, and that evil-minded persons were daily and therefore owe him neither homage nor obedience. You are the increasing. They entreated them for God's sake to provide a rem. king of England's man, and your inheritance, which is now destroyed, edy, for, if it were suffered to continue much longer, the whole of was in Limousin. We make war to obtain a livelihood, for we must Auvergne and Limousin would be completely destroyed. The king live, and the English will never be displeased with us for so doing. and the duke of Berry were much astonished on hearing this intelliAll who wish for gain will join us; and I think we may show a suf- gence, for they thought the whole country was at peace, in conform. ficient cause for making war, by declaring we have not been paid ity to the truce. The deputies asked if the garrisons of Chaluqet the compositions thiat are due to us from Auvergne. Let us send, and Donzac remained quiet; they replied: "they had no conmplaints therefore, to the peasants of different villages (taking care, however, to make against any one but Aymerigot Marcel and his companions, to be strong enough to enforce our orders,) and tell them, that unless who had fortified La Roche de Vendais." "Well," replied the king they compound with us, we will make war on them." " Well, be it and the duke of Berry, "now, good people, return home, and look so," replied Aymerigot; "but where can we at this moment fix our to us; for we will speedily provide a remedy that shall be sufi ent: place of residence?" Some of them said, "We know of a fort that make what haste you can back, and tell this as our answer, to those is dismantled, belonging to the lord de la Tour, which no one guards. who have sent you." The deputies were well pleased with this Let us go thither, and repair and strengthen it; and, when this is speech, and, having reposed themselves for two days at Paris, they done, we will garrison it, and overrun at our pleasure Limousin and set out on their return, having taken leave of the king and the duke Auvergne."." And where is this fort situated?" asked Aymerigot. of Berry. "' One league from la Tour," answered those who were acquainted The king and his council did not delay attending to this business, with it, and had well examined its situation: "6it is called La Roche for the duke of Berry had large possessions in Auvergne, and urged de Vendais." "'On my faith, you say well: it is the very place for them on. They considered whom they should send thither, for the us,"' replied Aymerigot; "and, although the lands are now separated lord de Coucy, the lieutenant of all the country, from La Rochelle to from its dependence, it is a mesne fief of Limoges. We will go Bordeaux, was now abroad in Barbary. He had, indeed, at his and look at it, and, if worth while, take possession and fortify it." departure, appointed his cousin, sir Robert de Buthune viscount de Having determined on this, they all went to La Roche de Vendais, Meaux, his deputy during his absence. The council did not forget examined its strength minutely, and were more pleased with it than this, and thought he was best entitled to the command. Inquiries before: they instantly took possession, and by degrees fortified the weremade where he was to be found, and they learnt that he was place before they made any excursions or did harm to the country. at his residence at Conde sur Marne. Letters were written to him, When they had made it sufficientiy strong to withstand an attack or in the king's name, for him to come to Paris; and the messenger siege, and the companions were all mounted, they began to overrun hastening with them, found him and his lady at Conde. Having the more immediate neighborhood, to make prisoners and ransom delivered his letters, the viscount read their contents, and said he tlem. They laid in stores of flesh, meal, wax, wine, salt, iron, steel, would instantly obey the king's orders, as was but right. Having and other necessaries; for nothing came amiss to them that was not made his preparations as speedily as he could, he left Cond' and too hot or too heavy, rode on to Paris, where he waited on the king and council. On The inhabitants of the country were much astonished at this, for entering the council-chamber he was told: " Viscount, make haste and they thought themselves in perfect security on account of the truce assemble all your retainers of men-at-arms, for you must immediately between the two kings; but these robbers seized whatever they set off for Auvergne. There are bands of pillagers, of whom Aymeripleased in their houses, or in the fields, calling themselves the Ad- got Marcel, as we are informed, is the chief, who rob and imprison venturers. The lord de la Tour had his town and castle well guarded, the country people. Let them be driven thence; and if you can any for he was not well pleased to have such neighbors a league from way entrap Aymerigot and deliver him up to us, we shall have great his residence. The dauphiness of Auvergne, a valiant lady and of joy. Orders have been given for you to receive the pay of your great prudence, who lived with her children in the strong castle of men-at-arms at Clermont in Auvergne; and, with regard to your the good town of Sardes, situated on the river Evoque, did not think expenses thither, speak to our treasurer of the army. He has been herself in safety when she heard that Aymerigot and his band had charged to pay your smaller expenses, and to hurry you away, fol fortified themselves within La Roche de Vendais. She instantly the business requires it." ordered the garrisons of her castles of Marquel, Ondable, Chillac, and The viscount replied he was quite ready, and, leaving the council, Blere, to be reinforced with men-at-arms, to avoid their being sur- returned to his inn, where he employed persons to wrile to such prised; for she much dreaded Aymerigot, ever since he had received knights and squires of the isle of France and in Picardy, who were from her, in one payment, five thousand florins. his acquaintance and dependents, desiring them instantly to set out The countries of Auvergne and Limousin now took alarm; and for Chartres, where they would find him prepared to muster them. the knights and squires, with the townsmen of Clermont, Montfer- All to whom he had sent complied with his request; for they loved rant, and Riom, and the ~towns on the Alhier, resolved to send notice him, and looked to him as to an able captain. They were all at of their situation to the king of France. In this they wore joined by Chartres on the appointed diy, and amounted to two hundred lances, CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 517 good men and to be depended on. After they had been mustered, they had so strongly fortified that it could only be approached in firont, they left Chartres, and took the road toward Auvergne, through the and attacked by skirmishes. The force, under the command of the Bourbonnois. The news of this assistance coming thither was soon viscount de Meaux, left Notre.-Dame de Requemadour, and advanced spread abroad, to the great joy of the inhabitants of Auvergne. It to La Roche de Vendais, which they laid siege to, and by degrees was fortunate so much haste had been made in forwarding this force; improved their quarters. The countess-dauphine, on hearing that La for, had it been delayed six days later, Aymerigot and his troops had Roche de Vendais was besieged, with a sufficient force under the planned to ravage the country, between Clermont and Montferrant, viscount de Meaux, was greatly rejoiced; and as she imagined, and down the river Allier, and also the surrounding country of Riom, from the haste in which he had left Paris, he might not have brought as far as Gannat.? Had they done so, they would have plundered tents or pavilions with him, she instantly ordered two handsome it of one hundred thousand francs at least; for the parts I have men- tents belonging to her lord to be made ready, and sent to him as a tioned are the very richest in Auvergne. None could have opposed loan, for his better accommodation during the siege, The viscount them, for the whole country was void of men-at-arms; and the reports received very thankfully these tents, which came so opportunely, were, that Aymerigot's troops were more numerous than ever. and returned his best compliments to the countess for her attentions. Aymerigot and his men were prepared for this excursion; but The lord de la Tour was at home, being but one league from his they learnt, I know not how, whether from pilgrims or spies, that a castle, so that he had everything he could wish for. The other large body of men-at.-arms was marching against them, under the knights and squires accommodated themselves as well as they could. command of the viscount de Meaux, to besiege and to drive,hem They had provision in abundance and cheap, for it was sent thither outof their fortressof La Roche de Vendais. Thisintelligence made from all quarters. As it was the middle of August, the weather them defer their intended excursion, and shut themselves within was warm and pleasant, and the knights were comfortably lodged their fort: for they foresaw they would be besieged. Aymerigot now under huts made of green boughs. began to repent what he had done, for should he be taken, no ran- Intelligence was brought to the army, that made them suspicious ~sore would be accepted for his life. He thus opened himself to lest the neighboring garrisons of Chaluqet and Donzac would unite some of his companions: "I am completely disgraced, by having together, and one morning or evening, when they were off their followed bad advice. and avarice will be my ruin; for I shall be de- guard, come and attack them, to force them to raise their siege. stroyed without hope of ransom." They replied: "Why are you The viscount de Meaux and his knights held a council on this intelnow so doubtful of yourself? We know you are the most powerful ligence, and resolved to send aherald to Perrot le BJ6arnois, governor man-at-anrms in these countries, and you have a good garrison, well of Chaluqet, and to Olim Barbe at Donzac, to, know whether they provided with all things. We are men of determined resolution, as were at war or peace with these garrisoni, and according to their eager to defend our lives, as you can be to defend your own. You answer to prepare themselves. The herald, being instructed as to caninot be ruined without our suffering with you; if, unfortunately, what he was to say and how he was to act, departed, and, on his you be made prisoner, you are so wealthy, you can easily tempt them arrival at Chaluqet, accidentally found Perrot le B6arnois at the barwith your ransom; but our poverty must prevent us from so doing, riers amusing himself with his companions in thriowing tlhe bar. HIe and our heads pay the forfeit. WVe will therefore sell them as dearly dismounted, and asked for the governor. On his being pointed out, as we can, and guard them to the utmniost of our abilities. Be not, he advanced toward him, and punctually deliveied the message he therefore, al-armed at anything you may see or hear: we need not had been charged with. Perrot rep'ied: "Herald, you will tell care for the siege, if we manage our defence with prudence." Thus your masters who have sent you hither, that we meian as loyally and did the companions of Aymerigot Marcel comfort him, truly to keep the truce which has been concluded between France The viscount de Meaux, with his men-at-arms, continued their and England, as we expect it will be kept with us. Should any of march through Moulins, in the Bourbonnois; but the duchess of' our people infringe the smallest article of it, and we be made acBourbon, daughter to the count dauphin, received there the viscount quainted therewith, we will lay hands on them, if it sholuld be ir orr and the knights very grandly, and entertained them at dinner. power, and inflict such punishment as they deserve and as we have That evening they lay at Saint Pourcain. Thence they marched to promised to execute on them. I wish you would also tell your masGannat, Aigue-perses,t and Riom, where they halted. They theni ters, that what Aymerigot Marcel has done was wvithout any advice marched to Clerinont, and were gladly received by the bishop and from us, to whom hlie never spoke on the subject We have forbidden the inhabitants. The men-at-arms received pay at Clermont, for a him or his people to seek refuge within our domain, and should they tax had been levied to this effect, and it was there delivered to them. think of so doing it will ill befal them." They continued their march to Notre-Dame d'Orcinal,t four leagues The herald was conducted within the fort, and entertained at dinfrom La Roche de Vendais. The viscount de Meaux there fixed his ner; after which he took his leave, and Perrot, out of love to the quarters, as the knights and squires from Auvergne and Limousin lords of France, presented him with ten franlcs. The herald received had named this place for the point of assembly. When they were them thankfully, and departed for Donzac, where he s:aw the govall collected, they amounted to more than four hundred lances, and ernor Olim Barbe, a Gascon. He addressed hima asi he had done one'hundred Genoese cross-bows. There were with the viscount, Perrot, and received for answer, that hlie would inot on any account the lord de Montagu from the Vermandois, and his brother, the lord infringe the truce, for by so doing he should be disgraced. The de Dommart, sir Bernard de la Riviere, sir William le Bouteiller, the herald dined at the castle of Donzac, and, on takino leave, had ten lord de Domme, the lord de la Roche, the lord de la Tour, sir Lewis francs given to him. He returned to La Roche de Venoi~!i, where he d'Abiere,~ the lord de Saint-Ampisse, sir Robert Dauphin, with was surrounded by knights and squires anxious to t;(r the answers many more. The captains of the Genoese were two valiant squires, he had brought. The herald minutely related evervyhing that had cathid Albert d'Espinolle and Callinace. Sir Lewis l'Esglivesle, a passed; and the viscount de Meaux and his conrpinions were more gallant squire, was at this time the viscount's master of the house- easy respecting Perrot le B6arnois and OIitu B13'l r than before hold. The Genoese, as well as the whole army, were completely without fear from that quarter, they continued their siege with equipped with arrrrs and other necessaries, or they would not have greater vigor. passed the muster made by the viscount de Meaux. The garrison under the command of Aymerigot Marcel and his CHATR V I rn ~~~~~~~~CH AP T ER X V1. uncle Guyot du Sel, in La Roche de Vendais, hearing that so large a force was now advanced to Notre Dame de Roquemadour, with the AYMERIGOT MARCEL ENADEAVORS, 3UST IN VAIN, TO RAISE THE StEIE OF LA intention of besieging them, called a general council, to consider ROCH E VENDAS OY LETTERS N MESSAG S TO THE MUING OF EVEhow they could the most effectually resist it. Th-y first resolved, LANDE UE OF LNCASTR, THE ISCOUNT DE IEAUX, N EVEN they had not any occasion for horses, since they would be prevented TO T DUE OF BERRY. from using them by the siege. Tolerably near to La Roche de Ven- DURING the siege of La Roche de Vendais, which lasted for nine dais was another fort, ca-led Saint Soupery, under the government of weeks, there were constant skirmishes between the two parties, in Aynlerigot, where his wife resided, and whither he had sent the which many were wounded by the cross-bows, for the Genoese are greater part of his wealth. He gave orders for the servants and hor- expert marksmen. The garrison had much the advantage of the ses to be received in this fort, until better times. La Roche de Ven- besiegers, and I will tell you how. They could sally forth whendais was naturally strong, and the present garrison had fortified it ever they pleased, for it would require six thousand men at least to by every means in their power. The lord de Ia Tour was greatly have completely surrounded the c.astle. When the siege first took blamed by the country for his neglect of it, as they said it was frotn place, Aymerigot felt that he was acting wrong; but to turn the this circumstance that they were novw, so harassed; and, if he had matter as much to his advantage as he could, and if possible prethought the expense of keeping a gua'd too great, why had he not serve La Roche de Vendais, he determined to send one of his men, given it up to the inhabitants of the c,'intry, who would have dis- who was well spoken, to England, with credential letters to the king madtiled it, so that no one would have ever thought cf repairing it? and the duke of Lancaster. Aymerigot opened the matter to his whereas now the walls had been left entire, and the mansion tolera- uncle, Guyot du Sel, who, though about sixty years of age, was well tly good: such was the state in which Aymerigot had found it. acquainted with arms and with mankind. Guyot approved of the La Reche de Vendais i3 separated from the high mountains that manner in which his nephew intended acting, and said, that to send surround it, and is seated on an insuiated rock; oiae side of which a person well spoken, and well informed, to England, wouild not be lost pains. They selected a varlet who had been educatedl by them, *"~aannat" —a town in the Bourlhonnois, five leagues from Riom. and instructed him as follows: " We will conduct thee in saiety out t" Anigue-perses' —a villtae in Limnusin, diocese of Lirnmges. of this fort in spite of our enemies, and give thee money sufficient C" Notrs-Dtame dt'Oreinal" —is riot in the Gazetteer, bit Notre-Damie de tonquemna- for the joiney thou art to perform, as well as for thy o.her wnts. dour, which is the name iin the MSS., is a celebratel pilgrimage in (nuerey, near Figeac. Thou journy to art to pe as we as or th the wants. ~ lu the MS. it is sir Liomes d'Aeihtibiere. aid 3CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. to the duke of Lancaster, and the other to the king's council; which their horses, and on the morrow rode to Boulogne. They pazssd thou wilt punctually deliver. Thou wilt recommend me handsomely through Picardy to Paris, but, making no stay there, continrted their to them; and, as these are credential letters, they will ask,'What journey to Auvergne. is the objecc of thy corning?' thou wilt say that Aymerigot Marcel, When arrived at Limoges and the environs of La Roche de Ven. their little soldier and subject, who is firm in his obedience to their dais, they cautiously advanced to enter the castle privately; but, on will, is besieged in a small fort belonging to the king of England, consideration, the squire and herald did not think it prudent to enter as one of the moesne fiefs of Limousin; that those who are before it La Roche de Vendais, but sent the messenger forward, saying they.-ert themselves to their utmost to gain the place, and make him could now find the way themselves, and that it would not have a and his companionm prisoners; that the besiegers are sent thither by good appearance should they be seen with him, for it would look as the king of France, under the command of a cousin to the lord de if he had been sent to bring them from England; and that what they Coucy, called sir Robert viscount de Meaux; that the object of this had to say to the viscount de Meaux would come wvith more weight mission is to request the king of England, his council, and the duke as fromn the Iking of England himself, than if any others had interof Lancaster, as lieutenant for the king in the Bordelois, to write to the fered in it. The varlet agreed to their reasons, and, at nightfall,'fiscount de Meaux to depart instantly from before La Roche de Ven- returned to the fori, by a road he was acquainted with, without any dais with all his men. Be sure to have inserted in the letters for the hindrance from the besiegers. He there found Aymerigot Marcel, viscount, that he be careful not to infringe the truce signed at Leu. his uncle Guyot du Sel, and the other companions, who made him linghen, or to dread the consequences, because I know not what ef- good cheer, and were astonished that he could have returned firom feet these letters may havd on the viscount, nor what answer he will England in so few days. He related everything that had passed, make, for he is a strange sort of man. Obtain, likewise, letters and that a squire firom the duke of Lancaster, and Derby the herald from the king, the council, and the duke of Lancaster, to the duke had accompanied him with letters from the king and the duke to the of Berry, for, if he please, the siege will be instantly raised. Man- viscount de Meaux and to the duke of Berry, should there be occaage to bring back with thee, for thy greater credit, one of the knights sion. " And why did they not come with you hither?" asked Ay. of honor to the king or the duke of Lancaster, or Derby the herald. merigot. " Through prudence, as they totd me," replied the varlet, Salute him firom rrme, and say, if he will accompany thee, (for he is " for they will undertake the comnmision,nd delivery of their let. an able negotiator, and well acquainted with the duke of Berry and ters themselves, and think it better than that aiji appearance of col. the lords of France,) I will give him one hundred firancs. Keep lusion should be seen between you and themn." "They act wisely," well in thy memory all I have said, and tell every one to whom thou said Guyot du Sel, "and show by this, that the king of England shait speak, that this little fort, which I have garrisoned, will be very and the duke of Lancaster send them of their own accord, and that convenient to the English on the renewal of the war; for it is situ- they are interested in the matter." " Such are their intentions," an, ated on the borders of Auvergne and Limousin, and those countries swered the messenger. may be made to contribute upward of two hundred thousand francs Aymerigot was delighted on hearing this, and told his varlet that in one season." he had done justice to his commission, and he in a few days would Aynierigot Marcel having, in the presence of his uncle, well tu- handsomely reward him for it. The English squire and Derby rode tored his,nessenger, and given him his credential letters, and one on for La Roche de Vendais, to the place where the besiegers lay, and hundred francs for his expenses, he was escorted from the fort at mid- inquired for the quarters of the viscount de Meaux. On being connight, on foot, to another fort belonging to Aymerigot, called Saint ducted thither, they found the viscount amusing himself with seeing Soupery. He there chose the best horse, as they were all at his dis- the bar thrown. On their approach, they bowed, which civility lihe posal, for he had a long journey to make, and passed through France returned, and asked, " whence they came?" They replied, "from as a native of the province of Auvergne. On his arrival at Calais, England, and that they were sent by the king and the duke of he made acquaintance with sir John Beauchamp, the governor, to Lancaster." "You are welcome," said the viscount; "but what whom he told a part of his business that he might be the sooner for- business can have brought you to this wild country?" "]1My lord," warded on his journey. This succeeded; for sir John ordered him answered Derby, " this is a squire attached to the duke of Lancasan immediate passage to Dover, whence, on having his horse put on ter, who brings you letters from the king of England arind from his shore, he continued Iris road to London, and there arrived in a day lord, which, if you please, you will read. I have accompanied him, and a half. He was fortunate to find the king, his two uncles of because I am so well acquainted with this country, to serve him as Lancaster and York, with the council, at the palace of Westminster, a guide." considering the affairs of Northumberland, and what force they The squire presented his letters, which the viscount, after exam should send thither, for the Scots no way observed the truce. The ining the seals, knew to be authentic, and to come from England messenger from Aymengot having intrusted the subject of his com- He called one of his men aside who could read, and had their con iug t, the master of the inn where he put up, he conducted him to tents repeated over two or three times, until he was fully master oi Westmiinster, and procured him admission to the duke of Lancaster, them. He was a while pensive, for the king of England had written, who had arrived before the other counsellors, and was in the pres- to complain that he was day and night occnpying a part of his terri-. ence-chamniber. He' presented the duke with the letter addressed to tories with a large army, and doing acts to infringe the truce, vwhich. him, who, having opened and read it, took the messenger aside to he ought not to do, being directly contrary to the articles that had learn the cause of his arrival. The varlet related to him every par- been sworn and sealed between him and his adversary of France; ticular wherewith Aymerigot had charged him. The duke, having and that as soon as he should have perused these letters, he must raise heard himrn, asked if he had more letters. He replied, "One for the the siege, march away his army, and leave Aymerigot Marcel in king, and another for the council." " It is well," answered the peaceable possession of a castle which had cost him such large sums duke: I will obtain for you an audience," and gave orders to one of to fortify. Such and many other expressions in favor of Aymerigot, his attendants to take care of him. did these letters contain. The letter firom the duke of Lancaster was The duke entered the council-chamber, and when he saw a favor- nearly similar to those from the king and council; for he was sove. able opportunity, mentioned the arrival of Aymerigot's messenger: reign lord and duke of Aquitaine. by his motion, the varlet was introduced, and presented his letters The viscount de Meaux, having consulted some of his friends, said to the king and to the council. When they were read, he was de- to the squire and the herald; My fair sirs, the intelligence you have mired to explain the. object of his mission. Being well tutored, and brought demands full consideration: I will advise upon it, and you not afraid of speaking, he was not abashed, otherwise he need not shall soon have my answer." They were then conducted to the vishave made the journey, and he explained so eloquently the reasons count's tent, to partake of hiis wine. During this, a council was sumof his coming, and the wishes of Aymerigot, that he was attentively moned of the lord de la Tour, sir William le Bouteiller, sir Robert listened to. ~ When he had told all he was charged with, he wasin- Dauphin, sir Louis d'Abiere, the lord de Montagu, and sir Berald de formed that they would consider the matter, and that he should have la Riviere, for this last was of the household of tihe viscount. When an answer to his demands. He then quitted the council-chamber, they were assembled, the viscount explained to them the cause, and and waited for the answer to the letters, He was told that the king laid before them the letters he had received. The Iknights were much would write to the viscount de Meaux, anrdl to the duke of Berry, in surprised how intelligence of their siege could have been carried to the manner Aymerigot had desired.' The duke of Lancaster prom- England for such letters to be sent from thence, as their siege had not ised to do the same, and that these letters should be delivered by an lasted one month. " I will tell you what I imagine," said the vis. English squire attached to the duke; and that Derby the herald count: " this Aymerigot is a cunning fellow; and the moment he should cross the sos and accompany them when they gave their let- perceived we intended besieging him, he sent a person to England to ters, to aid their success; for he was well kInown to many lords in request such letters might be written as are now before you, and Auvergne, particularly to the duke of Berry. which I shall obey or not as I please. I inform you that I shall in. Aymerigot's messenger was very happy to hear this, and followed stantly answer them: but, in regard to the orders of the Iting of Engso closely tire duke of Lancaster that in a few days the letters were I land and the dnrke of ILancaster, I shall not pay any attention to them, written, and the gentleman, whose name I believe was Cherbury, for I am no way bound to obey them, but solely thIe kting of France, whno was te carry them, received orders of departure. The herald my lord, who has intrusted me with this commantd, and sent me Derny most willingly went with him, for Aymerigot's varlet had told hither. Let the herald and squire be introduced, and I will give him froin his master, that if he would cross the sea, he should re- them my answer." They were sought for, and conducted to the as. ceise one hundred francs on his arrival at La Roche de Vendais. sembly of the viscount and his knights: when in their piesence, they The letters being sealed, these three took their leave of the duke of bowed their heads, and the viscount thus spoke: "You Derby, and Lancaster, and hastened to Dover: they crossed to Calais in a pas- you Thomas Cheubury, for such I think are the names you are de. sage-boak where they lay that night, and at low water disembarked siguated by in the letters which you have brought from the king of CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 519 England and the duke of Lancaster. They have been informed, it principal knights, and had them again read in their presence, during seems, (but I know not how, whether by a messenger from Aymeri- the time the squire who had brought them was made welcome; for, got Marcel or sdme friend of his, who has been in his name to Eng- out of love to the duke of Berry, they gave him good cheer. "Gen. land,) that I am quartered with a large army on the lands of the king tlemen," said the viscount to his companions, "we shall never have of England, and order me instantly to raise the siege, march away my peace since the duke of Berry supports Aymerigot, who is the great. men, and leave Aymerigot in peaceable possession of the small fort est enemy Auvergne and its poor inhabitants have ever had, and for that has cost him so large a sum to repair and strengthen. They tell these last twelve years has so sore oppressed them. I thought the me likewise that I am risking my own dishonor, by thus infringing a duke hated him; but it seems I was mistaken, for he commands mei truce, which has been agreed to for three years, between the kings to break up the siege. I will not at this moment obey his orders, but of France and England, and their allies. I declare to you, my fair sirs, excuse myself from so doing, by the commission I have received from that I will not, by any means, violate the smallest article of the truce, the king our lord, who strictly enjoined me, on leaving Paris, not to nor shall it be infringed by any act of mine, during my residence here. quit this place for any orders I might receive, except they came from I am the king of France's subject, my liege lord, who has ordered me himself, until I had conquered the fort of La Roche de Vendais, and hither as his marshal, for the present, from the complaints that have taken Aymerigot by fair or foul means. The duke now commands been made him, by the nobles and other inhabitants of the countries me to raise the siege, the instant I have read his letters; but, by riy of Auvergne and Limousin, of the great damages they have suffered fhith, I will do no such thing." "Sir," replied the knights and squires from Aymerigot Marcel, who has seized a fort on the confines of of Auvergne, "you say loyally and well: we will keep steady to you. these two provinces that had been abandoned, and was never again We suppose that my lord of Berry is induced to write thus in favor intended to be inhabited, which he has repaired and strengthened, of his enemies, by similar letters from the king of England and the not as a mansion, or house for recreation, but as a castle and ren- duke of Lancaster to those you have received, which the herald and dezvous for robbers and marauders. I am therefore ordered hither English squire have carried to him." "I dare say you have guessed to defend and guard the country against such pillagers as may be right," said the viscount: "I will, if I can, find out the truth of it." collected within this fort, called La Roche de Vendais, to prevent their The squire was called in to receive his answer, and when in the increase in numbers and in wickedness, and to arrest all of them I presence of the assembled knights, the viscount thus addressed him, may be able to lay hold of, that they may suffer the punishment due calling him by his name, for he knew him well: "Peter, I wish you to their crimes. In consequence, my fair sirs, I shall strictly obey to understand that I owe, and am desirous of paying, all obedience the commands I have received, and loyally acquit myself of my duty. to my lord of Berry, for he is so noble, and so nearly related to the Of course, therefore, I shall not move from hence for any orders I king, that I should be sorry to do otherwise; but myself and corn. may receive, until I shall have possession of this fort and the garrison panions, whom you see, have been for these five weeks before this that now holds out against me and my companions. fort, to take it and the thieves who garrison it, by positive orders "Should Aymerigot Marcel set up a plea, that I have any way from the king and council. We wonder, therefore, and not without broken the truce, which is equivalent to a perfect peace for the time, reason, how my lord of Berry can entreat us in favor of his enemies, let him come forth, and I will have him fought with by as good if and desire us to raise the siege and march away. We all agree in not a better man than himself, and prove that it is he alone who nas, declaring that, if it were done, we should give the greatest encourage. and continues to. violate the articles of the truce. Now, my fair sirs, ment to all thieves who in future may overrun the kingdom, and in. having maturely weighed everything, I have given you my answer, duce them to commit the greatest outrages. Peter, you will tell the and you may return wheo you please; but I beg that, on your return, duke of Berry from us all, and from me in particular, that we are you will neither add to nor diminish any part of what I have said to ready and willing to obey his commands, but that 1 have been so you; for reporters, by not relating the exact words in which any con- positively ordered to continue this siege, with as much vigor and versation has taken place, donottrulyinform their lords of the matter." patience as possible, until I be master of the place and garrison, that " My lord," replied the squire, "Derby and myself are come hither I dare not act contrary; and say, that I shall not obey any other solely to hear what answer you shall be pleased to make us, and carry commands but those of the king, whose subject I am, and who has it back, and since you have done so, we need not longer remain." sent me hither. I beg of you, Peter, to tell me one thing, if it is not They took leave of the viscount, who ordered ten francs to be an improper question for you to answer, how comes it that my lord given to the herald, out of affection to the king of England, who had of Berry sues in favor of Aymerigot Marcel, who has done such sent him, and regard for the duke of Lancaster, to whom he was at- mischief to Auvergne and Limousin, now that he is in a fair way of tached. When they were on the road to Clermont, for they said they being caught and punished for his wickedness and breach of faith had come that way and would retuirn by the same, and when they in the articles of the truce?" had advanced about half a league, the following conversation passed The squire replied, "Two Englishmen, a herald and another, have between them: "We have had ill success: we must wait on the come to the duke, with very pressing letters from the king of Engduke of Berry, who lives in Auvergne." "He is lord of this whole land and the duke of Lancaster in favor of Aymerigot." "I readily country," said Derby, " and himself duke of Berry and Auvergne." believe you," said the viscount: "it is Derby the herald, and a squire If he will order the viscount de Meaux to decamp, he must do so, for called Cherbury, who likewise brought me the other day letters simi. he dare not disobey him. As we have letters to him from the king lar, I suppose, to those you mention. Say also fiom me, in addition and the duke of Lancaster, it is but right he should see them, and to what I have before spoken, that I beg my lord of Berry to con. that we should know his intention on their subject." Thus did they sider well this matter; that letters thus obtained from lords on *e converse until they arrived at Clermont. They were made welcome,'other side of the water deserve no attention from lords on this side, for the herald was well acquainted in these parts, having been there who love the honor or advantage of the kingdom of France." "My before; and when any questions were asked, who and what they lord," answered the squire," be assured that I will repeat every word were, they declared themselves messengers from the king of England. you have said to the duke of Berry, for Aymerigot is not so much in Having inquired where the duke reidded, they were told at a hand- my favor but I would rather see his punishment than his deliverance." some castle called La Nonnette. The herald knew it well, anid, leay- On this, the squire took leave of the viscount and knights present, ing Clermont, they rode to Issoire, and thence to La Nonnette, but mounted his horse, and rode to La Nonnette, where he related tothe the mountain is very steep on which is situated the castle. On their dulce of Berry, that the viscount de Meaux would not, for any other arrival, they found numbers of the duke's servants playing in the cormnmands but those directly from the king, break up his siege. square before the castle-gate. The herald was known to many of This answer was not very agreeable to the duke, who imagined ha them, and coaductced to the duke of Berry, who, in consideration of was of' that importance, his letters ought to have attention paid them his regard to the king of England and the duke of Lancaster, ordered in France,or at least in Auvergne. When Derby and his companion him and his companions to be well taken care of. learnt the purport of the answer, they were much cast down, for The squire, being the bearer of the letters fromn the king, presented they saw they had labored in vain. They asked the duke, what them to the duke, who, having read them twice slowly through, they were now to do. "Shall we leave you with unsatisfactory anpaused a little, and then gave such courteous answers as both were swers to our king and the duke of Lancaster? who had the fullest satisfied with; for he said, "from his iffection to his cousins, he hope you would have had the siege of La Roche de Vendais raised, would do all in his power to comply with their requests." The herald for it is within your territories." "A little patience," replied the and squire concluded from this, thot they should completely succeed duke: " Aymnierigot is in a very strong place, and, unless some un in their mission, and we'e in high spirits; but, as you shall hear, fortunate accidelit h4ppen, cannot for a long time be taken. I mus' they were disappointed. The duke of Berry was not neglectful of shortly go to Paris; and, when there, I will press the matter warmly the business, and exerted himself to have the siege of La Roche tie with the king and his council, since my good cousins of England arm Vendais raised, from his regard to the king of England and the duke so earnest i, the metter. You both shall acconmpany me, and wit. of Lancaster, who entreated it; and engaged, that if Aymerigot Mar- ness the exertions I makne." This speech contented the squire and eel were left in the quiet possession of his fort, he should not, here- I the herald. after, molest the countmy, and that he should mnake any reparation to Within four days afterwards, the duke set out from La Nonnette, the king of France for hiaving offended him. The dulce of Berry, leaving there the dichess and the greater part of his household, and anxious to oblige the English who were in hii castle, wrote letters went to Riom in Auvergne. He waited there eight days for the to this purport to thie viscount de Meaux; and, before they were count de Sancerre ind the lord de Reneh,* whom he had sent to sealed, hled them read to his guests, who were exceedingly pleased Avignon on his private affiirs. On their arrivel, they set out together with their contents. thiough the Bourbonnois, and, by a short day's journey, came to The letters were dispatched by an able squire of the duke to the Bourges, where they tarried two days. On the third, the duke de. voscount de Meaux, who, having l~anat the'r contents, summoned his m', * "The to d de Renel." The MSS. have itevet V20 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN. &c. parted, and came to Mehun-sur-Yevre,* where he had one of the at the barriers; and if you shall perceive the garrison inclined to handsomest castles in the world; for the duke had expended upward make a sally, as is likely enough for such covetous persons to do, of three hundred thousand francs in building and ornamenting it. retire gently on this side the ambush, when you will wheel round to He remained there a fortnight, to the great uneasiness of the two renew the attack, and they, being thus surrounded, will be made Englishmen who were suitors for Aymnerigot: but, as they could not prisoners or slain." help it, they dissembled their thoughts. Indeed, the duke no longer The viscount's plan was executed. Those named for the ambus. intended interfering about him, and I will explain why. The count cade were Lewis de la Glisvelle, Robert de Bethencourt, Vandelle, de Sancerre, the lord de Renel, and sir Peter Mespin, were his prin- William de la Saulsoye, Peter de Saint Vidal, Gionnet de Villerac. cipa. advisers: they heavily charged Aymerigot with several crimes, que, Peter de Col, Andrew de la Roche, John Salmage, with three gently blaming the duke, and saying it was unbecoming him to in- others to make up the dozen of good men-at-arms, who posted them. terfere in the affairs of so notorious a pillager, whose whole life had selves within the old grotto. Another party went to skirmish, under been infamous; that he had committed such disgraceful acts in Au- the command of the three before-named squires: they were richly vergne and Limousin, it would be improper to speak in his favor, armed at all points, the more to tempt the avarice of the garrison, and that he ought to be left for the king's justice to punish. This, and were only twelve in number. When arrived at the barriers, and speeches similar to it, had so cooled the duke as to prevent him they purposely began the attack most awkwardly, so that Guyot du from thinking longer on the subject; but the two Englishmen did Sel held them cheap, and said to his companions, "By saint Marcel, not neglect their duty in reminding the duke of it, who, dissembling we will make a sally; for there are at the barriers a set of youngsters nis real opinion, courteously answered, "Have patience: we shall who, from their manner, do not seem much accustomed to the use soon be at Paris." Notwithstanding this, he still remained at Me- of armrs. We will teach themn their use; and they cannot avoid hun-sur.Yevre more than three weeks, planning new improvements being our prisoners." At these words, he had the barriers flung open, with his master of the works, Andrew Beau-neveu, in sculpture and and sallied forth, forgetful of his promise to Aymnierigot. The great painting; fbr in such arts he took great delight, and was well skilled desire he had to perform some deed of arms, and to gain a prize, in them. There was not a more able man in this respect than mas- induced him to act thus. The French were much rejoiced to see ter Andrew Beau-neveu, in any country, as may be judged from the the garrison without the fort, and that Guyot du Sel was among the many fine works he executed in France, Hainault, (his native coun- first: they retreated, by little and little, until they had passed the try,) and England, where they now remain. ambush, eagerly pursued by Griyot's party. When those in ambush saw it was time, they quitted the grotto, and posted themselves on the road to the fort, shouting out " Coucy for the viscount!" and thus C H APTER XVIIi. inclosed their front and rear. Guyot du Sel, observing this, knew he had been in fault, and that COMERIFOT OTARCEL HAINC LEFTH LA E R ToctN E vaNDAS, TOD SEEL suc- it would be difficult for him to save himself, or to retunl to the fort. cR FROM OTHER FILACER, HIS LIEUTENANT, UYOT DU SEL IS He began to retire toward the barriers, but was strongly opposed. SURPRISED BY AN AMBUSCADE, AND THE FOET SURRENDEES ON CABPI- Why should I lengthen my story? They were all made prisoners, TULATION. as it were in a trap, and led in triumph to the quarters of the viscount I WILL now relate what happened to Aymerigot Marcel, and to his and the other knights. When the viscount de Meaux saw Guyot fort of La Roche de Vendais. He had a quick imagination, and du Sel, he asked him " where was Aymerigot Marcel?" for he thought concluded, from the continuance of the siege, that the letters from- he was in the castle. Guyot replied," he was ignorant where he the king of England and the duke of Lancaster had failed in the was, for he had left the fort twelve days ago." The knights, hearing effect he looked to from them. He therefore thought of another ex- this, concluded he was gone to seek for aid. Guyot du Sel and his pedient, which was to leave his castle and ride night and day unto fellow-prisoners were then ordered away; and the viscount asked the garrisons in Perigord and other places, to call upon (Guyonnet the knights of Auvergne. "what should be done to these prisonea''" de Sainte Foix, Eirnauton de Sainte Colombe, Ernauton de Rostem, for he wished to act firom their decision. Sir William le Bouteiller John de Morsen, Peter d'Anchin, Remonnet de Copane, with other answered, "Sir, I certainly believe hat Aymerigot Marcel is gone Gascon and Bdarnois men-at-arms of the English party, and entice to persuade the garrisons of other forts to come to his assistance: he them by fair speeches to enter Auvergne for the sake of plunder, will easily find, in spite of the truce, adventurers, who will join him and then to advance to La Roche de Vendais, some morning or eve- in his wickedness, and they may fall on us some morning or evening ning, and capture the knights and squires before it, which would When we are unprepared to resist them, and do us much damage: bring them more than one hundred thousand firancs for their ransoms, Aymerigot is very cunning, and of great wealth. Let us therefore without counting smaller articles of pill va.. HI explained his whole tell Guyot du Sel to surrender La Roche de Vendais, and if he refuse plan to his uncle, Guyot du Sel, and asked his:pininm. He replied, his consent, that his own head, and those of all his companions, shall that he very much approved of it, for that ne saw nol other means of instantly be sacrificed." being delivered from the French. " Well, uncle," said Aymerigot, " This is good advice," replied the viscount; "for, in truth, to "since you approve, I will undertake it; but I must beg one thing obtain this fort are we come into the country. If we have not now of you before I set out." " What is that?" replied Guyot. "It is, Aymerigot Marcel, another time we may be more successful." Upon that during my absence you never sally out of the castle, nor open this, the viscount, the lord de la Tour, sir Robert Dauphin, sir Wil. the barriers, whatever skirmishes the French may make, for you liam le Bouteiller and their companions, advanced as near to the fort may lose more than you can gain. " I will take care not to do it," as they could, carrying with them Guyot du Sel and the other prisanswered Guyot: " we will remain shut up here until your return, oners. The viscount, addressing himself to Guyot as the captain, or until we hear some news of you." "Indeed, my good uncle, I said, "Guyot, you, as well as your friends, who are now our prisoners; beg:it of you, for we cannot vex them more than by keeping within must know that, unless you will surrender to us tihe fort of La Roche our walls: as for their attacks and skirmishes, we do not value them." de Vendais, we shall instantly order your heads to be cut off; but, Within three days after, Aymerigot left the castle attended only by if you will yield it up, we will allow you freely to depart whither.a page, ard began his journey without fear of the French. His in- you please. Now, consider which you prefer, death or liberty." tention was to bring back with him some bold companions, and raise Guyot du Sel replied, "My lord, I will do all I can to accommodate the siege. you:" and with this hlie advanced to the barriers to speak with those Although Aymerigot had quitted La Roche de Vendais, it was un- within the fort. You must know, that the remaining garrison looked known to the besiegers; for the garrison could go in and out with- on themselves as conquered; for they knew not how to act, not out danger from them. There were daily skirmishes before tle whom to choose for their leader, since they had now lost their two castle and at the barriers; and, about five or six days after the de- captains, the most able among them. Guyot du Sel had no sooner partare of Aymerigot, there was a grand assault made by the French, explained his situation, than they agreed to surrender on the terms who were divided into three parties, all of which were engaged. that they should carry away with them all they were able, and bS Guyot du Sel was a good man-at-arms, and had long used them; but allowed one month to retire whither they pleased. This was in through arrogance, and neglecting to observe the orders of his nephew stantly agreed to, and written and signed. The French, by ine for mnot to open the barriers nor to sally forth on any account, he suffered tunaf' issue of the skirmish,became masters of La Roche de Vendais as you will hear. so true is it, that good or ill fortune in arms is the lot of perseverance. Three squires, two from Auvergne and one from Brittany, dis- The whole country was much rejoiced on hearing of this surren. played great courage, and were preeminent at this attack at the part der. The articles of the treaty with Guyot du Sel were punctually of the old walls very near the castle. The squnires from Auvergne observed, and when the garrison had packed up all they could carry, were called Richard de la Violette and Lubinot de Rochefort; the they had permission to depart, and passports given them, to continue Breton was le Monadic, who, when made prisoner, at the taking of for one month. The viscount de Meaux and his knights abandoned Ventadour, had attached himself to sir William le Bouteilier. This La Roche de Vendais to the country people, who instantly set about assault lasted until night, and, though these squires gained renown, demolishing it, and never left it until there did not remain one stone the besiegers, in spIte of their labor and pain, made no other profit. on another. The men-at-arms from Auvergne, who had joined the The viscount de Meatx determined, that at the next skirmish he viscourmt, now took leave of him, and returned to their homes. The ~ would place an amnnbuscade of twelve men-at-arms in amn old grotto viscount permitted many of his own men to depart for Picardy: he,withoutside the fort; and he told his men, "Advance to skirmish himself went for La Rochelle, but stopped at Saint Jean d'Angely, to defend that part of Saintonge against pillagers, who, whenever they ~ "Mehun-smr-Yevre." Charles VtI. built a large castle, or probably repaired this found a good opportunity, overran it, for his orders were to oppose a. af the dake of Berry, wherein he died, 1461, having starved himself for fear of being them., aoioned by his son. Louis XI. CHRONICLES OF EL E AND, FRANCE, SPAIN, & c. 521 roads through Poitou, Normandy, and Picardy, that lead to the sea, C H A PT E R XV I I I. are well guarded. I have forfeited my life; that is clear; and, if I am taken and sent to Paris, shall be punished accordingly, and lose THE MESSENGERS FROM ENGLAND, HEARING OF TIHE SURRENDER OF LA my all. My safest plan will be to make for Bordeaux, and to have ROCHE DE VENDAIS, TAKE LEAVE OF THE DUKE OF BERRY. AYMERIGOT y all. My safest plan ill be to ake for Bodeaux, and to ae RETIRES TO THE IHOUSE OF A RELATION, CALLED TOURNEMINE, WHO my wealth sent thither by little and little, and then to remain there as BETRAYS HIM TO THE KING OF FRANCE. HE IS CARRIED TO FARIS, AND long as the truce holds; for I am in hopes that, after these truces, a BETRAYS HIM TO THAE KING OF FRANCE. HE IS CARR.ED TO PARIS, AND curse on them! the war will be renewed with more vigor than ever THRE HEADED AND IS BODY QURTERED. between France and England. The free companions will, by that You have heard how La Roche de Vendais was won, to the con- time, have spent their former gains, and be eager to replenish their tentment of the surrounding country, for, had it been otherwise, it purses." Thus did Aymerigot Marcel converse with himself: he was would have suffered much from the garrison. News of this was car- cast down and sorrowful, and knew not from whom to ask advice, ried to the duke of Berry at Cantelon, a manor of his situated between nor whether to return to Auvergne, or go to Bordeaux and send for Chartres and Montlehery, nine leagues from Paris; but he was indif- his wife, and have his fortune. brought thither by little at a time. If ferent about the matter, for he was become quite cool in regard to he had followed this plan, he would have done well; but he acted soliciting the king in favor of Aymerigot Marcel. otherwise, and, as the event will show, suffered for it. It is thus Fortune treats her favorites; when she has raised them to;______r __N OF_____________________ AYMERIGOthe highest point of her wheel, - ________ _________________ ___________she suddenly plunges them in f the dirt: witness Aymerigot _________llljjili~~~~~~~~ ____ i-afMarcel. The foolish fellow:___=~~-~ I ~ ~.~ ~~~- ~ trwas worth, as was tbelieved in Auvergne, more than one hun. dred thousand fiancs in money; lAfim ranis d ti7 h o Fwhich he lost in one day, tode Vends has surrendered: gether with his life. I therefore say, that dame Fortune played him one of her tricks, tk ewhich she had played to sev. eral before, and she will do the same to many after him. Aymerigot, in his tribuladuke of Lanca, ontions, bethought himself of a depre h cousin-german he had in Aun!qire'a vergne, a squire called Tournemine, to whom he resolved to ________________________ _____, apply, and ask his advice Newsin of~ th ls o This he did, and, only attendeo hljIet Ifas ra g troopsby a page, entered the castle he1. would hvaof his cousin. He thought to bi""" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~be well received there, on acthe j!~~~~~~~~~~~~ F he exclimed; " Ah, thcount of htis relationship, bu. was disappointed; for this squire was not in the good if I adhi er, wud la hm Hhsigraces of the duke of Berry, who indeed hated him, as the squire knew well. He was afraid of the consequences, and resolved, on seeing his cousin Aymerigot enter his castle, to arrest him and inform the duke of Berry what he had EXECUTION OF ABIERIGOT MARCEL AT PARIs. From a MS. Froissart of the Fifteenth cetury. done, and offer, if he would forgive him and be on good terms for the futur-, to deliver When Derby the herald heard of the surrender from the duke's up Aymerigot Marcel, for him to do with him as lie should please. knights, he said to Cherbury, b" I have lost one hundred francs, which All this he executed; for, when Aymerigot entered the castle, he Aymerigot had promised me." "aFor what? and how have you lost was shown into a chamber, when, having pulled off his sword and them?" asked the squire. "In God's name," said Derby, "La Roche cleaned himself, he asked the servants, "Where is my cousin Tourne. de Vendais has surrendered: the French have conquered it. Let us mine?" "He is in his chamber," replied the servants, who already take leave of the duke of Berry and return to England, for we have knew their master's design: "come and see him." "With all my nothing further to do here." "Since it is so," answered the squire, heart," said Aymerigot. Having put on a new dress, and laid aside "I agree to it." They demanded leave of the duke to depart, who his coat of mail, which he usually wore, he said to the servants, granted it, and gave them letters to the king of England and the "1 Come, let us go to my cousin Tournemine, for it is a long time duke of Lancaster, in answer to those they had brought. On their since I have seen him." They conducted him straight to his departure, he presented the herald with forty francs, and gave to the chamber, and, on enteri.g it, Aymerigot saluted him, suspecting no squire a handsome hackney. On quitting the duke, they took the evil: but Tournemine said; "How is this, Aymerigot? Who has shortest road to Calais, and, I believe, went straight to England. sent for you? and what has brought you hither? You wish to dis. News of the loss of this fort was carried to Aymerigot Marcel, as honor me. I therefore arrest you as my prisoner; for I should not he was raising troops to break up the siege. When he first heard it, otherwise loyally acquit myself to the crown of France, nor to my he would have all the particulars told him.'On learning that it had lord of Benrry: you are a wicked traitor, who have brolken the truce, been occasioned by an imprudent sally Guyot du Sel had made on and shall suffer for it:. it is on your account the duke of Berry hates the French, he exclaimed; "Ah, the old traitor! by Saint Marcel, me mortally, but, through your means, I will make my peace; for, if I had him here, I would slay him. He has disgraced me and all dead or alive, you shall be given up to him, and never, on any other my companions. On my departure, I had most positively ordered account, shall you leave this castle." This speech astonished Ay. him not to quit the fort, whatever attempts the French might make, merigot, who replied; " Why, Tournemine, I am your cousin. Are andShe has done just the contrary. This loss can never be recovered; you in earnest in what you say? or do you do it to try me? I came nor do I know whither to make my retreat. The garrisons of Cha- hither, in full confidence, to see you and ask your advice, and I meet luget and Donzac are-determined to abide by the truce, and my com- with this cruel and harsh reception." " I know not what you pro. panions are scattered abroad like discot'fited persons; but, if they posed for yourself," answered Tournemine, "but I shall certainly were with me, I know not whither I could lead them. Considering execute what I have intimated to you," and then laid hands on hin: all things, I am in a distressing situation: I have too greatly angered his servants, who knew what they were to do, advanced and seized the king of France, the duke of Berry, and the barons and common- him. Thus was Aymerigot taken without a possibility of niaking alty of Auvergne, to expect any favor; for I have made war on them any defence; for, as I have said, he had disarmed himself; nor could during the truce, thinking to gain, but I am now more likely to lose any entreaties prevent Tournemine from ordering him heavy fetters everything: I know not how to act; I wish at this moment that my on his legs, and causing him to be confined in a strong tower under wife, myself and fortune, were in England; we there should be safe; safeguards. but how the devil are we to get thither? for I shall be robbed of my When this was done, he had the gates of the castle locked, taking wealth twenty times before I can arrive at the sea-shore. All the himself the keys, ordering his servants, under pain of death, not to 522 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. o0 near the gates unless sent by him. He then wrote letters to the smaller vessels, called brigandines, to amuse the enemy, while we duke of Berry, to say he had made Aymerigot Marcel his prisoner; remain at the mouth of the harbor: on the following day we will, and if he would forgive him and make a solid peace, he would give at our leisure, land, through God's grace, and encamp ourselves as him up to his pleasure. When the letters were finished and sealed, near the town as possible, out of the reach of their bricolles:* the ne called to him his most confidential servant, and said; "Set out Genoese cross-bows shall be drawn up, and ready for defence or at. instantly for Paris, and deliver these letters to the duke of Berry: tack. We suppose that, on our debarkation, a multitude of your recommend me to him, and be sure not to return without answers." young squires will demand to be knighted, for increase of honor and The varlet took the letters, mounted an active horse, and rode to advancement. Instruct them gently how they ought to act, for you Paris, where the duke of Berry was. On being aimitted, he pre- are very capable of doing it; and know, gentlemen, that we are well sented the letters firom his master, Tournemine. The duke, having inclined to acquit ourselves handsomely toward you; and, to show opened and read them, said smiliog to his knights; "Would you like our eagerness to annoy the enemy, we shall take every possible to hear news? Aymerigot Marcel is caught: his cousin-german pains that this town of Africa may be won. It has done you too Tournermine, as he writes me word, holds him in prison." The great damage to be longer endured, and is, besides, the key to the knights replied; "My lord, this is excellent news for Auvergne and empire of Barbary and the surrounding kingdoms of Africa, Morocco Limousin; for they have had, for a long time, a bad neighbor in Ay- and Bugia. Should God, of his goodness, permit us to conquer it, reriget. He has done so much mischief that, if you please, he shall all the Saracens will tremble, as far as Nubia and Syria, and we make his end on a gibbet, for he deserves no favor nor pardon." " I shall be everywhere talked of. With the assistance of the princes know not," s'id the duke, "what the king or his council may wish of Christendom, who are the nearest to us, we may reinforce it with to do with hin: I shall talk with them on the subject." Not long men, and victual it again; so that, if once we gain possession, it after ti:s colnversation, the duke took boat and crossed the Seine to will become a place for all knights and squires to adventure themthe Louvre, where the king and his council were. He related the selves in arms against the enemies of God, and conquer their lands." intellighence he had received, and gave them the letters of Tourne- "My lords," replied the masters of the vessels, "we shall never premine to read, which afforded satisfaction to all. The lords said, that tend to teach you how to act, but give our opinions with all modesty such pillagers always came to a disgraceful death, and that sooner or and humility; for you are too noble, vise and valiant, for us to prelater it awaited them. It was determined, that the duke of Berry tend to lay down rules for your conduct." The lord de Coucy said, should undertake the management of this business, and order the " We should, however,, wish to have your opinions, for we have s6neschal of Auveigne to fetch Aymerigot, and bring him to Paris, observed nothing but what is praiseworthy in you; and, as it is you where he should be confined in the Bastille, at the gate of St. An- who have brought us hither, to accomplish deeds of arms, we shall thony, and delivered over to the provost of the Chhtelet, who would never act without having your advice." Such were the conversa. take good care of him. It was also resolved, that on accbunt of the tions held in the island of Comino, in the presence of the duke of agreeable service Tournemine had now done to the crown of France, Bourbon, the count d'Eu, and some of the great barons of France, all his formner misdeeds should be forgiven, and a pardon granted by with the captains of the Genoese vessels, before they sailed for the letters patent, which Tournemine's servant brought back with him, coast of Africa. and by it pleased his master greatly, for in them he confided. When all was ready, and the men-at-arms had re~mbarked on It was not tong before the s6nescha[ of Auvergne, by an order board their galleys, with a good will to meet their enemies the Sarafrom the duke of Berry, came to the castle of Tournemine, and had cens, the admiral gave orders for the trumpets to sound, and the fleet Aymerig.ot Marcel delivered up to him: who was thunderstruck at to get under weigh. The sea was now calm, and the weather fine: thus filnding himself in the hands of his enemies. Why should I it was a pleasure to see the rowers force their vessels through its make a long story of it? The s6neschal had him escorted by a smooth surface, which seemed to delight in bearing these Christians body of' men-at-arms through the country, and crossed the Seine and to the shores of the infidels. Their fleet was numerous and well Marne at Charenton. Thence he conducted him to the castle of ordered; and it was a fine sight to view their various banners and the Bastille, and delivered him to the charge of the viscount d'Achy, pennons, emblazoned with their arms, fluttering with the gentle who was at that time governor of it. He was not long detained gales, and glittering in the sun. Late in the evening, the Christians there, but given up to the provost of the Chatelet, who carried him saw the towers of Africa, as pointed out to them by the sailors, fhither. True it is, that hlie offered sixty thousand francs for his which, as they advanced, opened more to their view. Every one pardon, but no one would have anything to do with him: they told was rejoiced at this sight, and not without cause, as they had in part him the king was rich enough, anrid wanted not his money. From accomplished the object of their voyage. If the Christians, on thus the time he was delivered to the provost, there was no delay in his seeing Africa, conversed much concerning the war they were about trial, when he was condemned to a shameful death, as a traitor to the to commence, the Saracens, who had so plainly observed them from crown of France. their town, and were on the watch, did the same. They were as, He was first carried in a cart to the pillory in the market-p!ace, tonished at the great number of vessels, of all descriptions, and con. and turned round within it several tinmes. His different crimes were eluded they had a very large army on board, to besiege the town. then read aloud, for which he was to receive death. Sir William le They were not cast down with this, for they knew the place was Trune was by his side a long time, and talked much with him, on strong, well fortified with towers, and plentifully stored with artillery the.affiirs of' Auvergne, as it was supposed, and to learn the truth and provisions. respecting several captains of forts, whether they had been associates On their first noticing the fleet, they sounded, according to custom, in his wickedness. This was certainly known to the lords, but I a number of bells on the towers, to alarm and inform the country never could gain informationi respecting it. Iis head was cut off, that an enemy was on the coast. There were encamped near the and his four quarters affixed over four different gates of Paris. Such town a large body of barbarians and infidels, whom the kings of was the end of Aymerigot Marcel; but I know not what became of Tunis and Bugia had sent thither to defend the coast, and prevent his wife, or of his wealth. the Christians from making any progress into the interior of the country. The noise of the trumpets and drums announced the arrival of the Christians; and, in consequence, they formed their army according to their manner, and sent some of the ablest captains to C H AP TER X I X ~nro the shore to observe the motions of the enemy, and the manner of TiHE CIRISTIAN LORDS wEIGH ANCHOR, AND LEAVE TIHE ISLAND OF their debarkation. They also posted their most expert mnie-at-arms COMINO, IN ORDER TO LAY SIEGE O TO TilE TOWN OF AFRICA. THE on the towers and battlements of the town, that they might not be MIANNER IN WHICH TIIEY CONDUCT THEiMSELVES. taken by surprise; for it was strong enough to resist everything but a long siege, if they were on their guard. I in:v dwelt very long on the subject of Aymerigot Marcel, in a long siege, if they were on their guard. detuhsii~ his actions, that I nmight illustrate his life and death; for in As I, John Froissart, the author of these chronicles, was never in sucha hiti a. this, both good and bad must be spoken of, that Afr'ica, I sought all the information 1 could from those knights and they m?.ay serve as ani excitement or warning inl times to come. Had they m'y scrve as anl excitement or warning in times to come. H~ad squires who had been on this expedition, and made several journeys ret tured his ind to virtue, he would have done uch to Calais to learn the truth of all that passed.t [Having inquired as good, A.:her hedwas ma nd ol gre coue but to the size and form of the town of Africa, some who had been ther, to the size and form of the/town of Afi'ica, some wh~o had been there good, for lie was all able men-at-arms and of' great courage; but,fiurdtottoeadsditwsnthfrmofabw reo havi~ng acted in a different marnner, lhe came to a disgraceful death. havusag acted in a diffeirent manner, he came to a disgraceful'' h. figured it out to me, and said it was in the form of a bow, like t,'sre wll retain to the ioile e the of eatrCalais, extending its arms toward the sea. This town of Africa, ai A ilrtr o ther coblunterrises unetkeniagainst ofFricancotne ourn other coti had undertaken agaist fica, and continue our the time the lords of France and other nations were before it, with narrative froii the place where we left off. It was, I believe, at the an anxios desire to win it, was wondefully strone, surrounded with island of' Comino that the knights had assembled, after the great hih walls at proper distances: the entrance of the harbor was stor ia the gulf of Lyons, to wait for those who had separated friom defended by a tower larger than the rest, on which was placed a th -Iet, a that isla-nd was but thirty miles from Africa, whither bricolle to cast large stones and qunarrels, with which it was well they were bound. They remained there nine days, and, when re- provided. coveral from their fa~tigues, they addtressed the masters of ta galleys VWhen the Christians approached the harbor, the walls of the town as fojllows: "Gentlem~len, we are newv on the near~estt land to the seemed to be hung with cloths or tapestry, somewhat similar in ag'strong towri ofr Africa, wlkher, if is please God, we xviii go, and pearance to coverlids of beds. They cast anchor about one league besiege it. Wo must therefore consult with you how we may enter gl~~~~~ie ~~~~~~~!nrbor~~~~~~~ "BrS isembr. W rps osn n3vne or ""folles," machines to throw stones: a sort of slingr. —Dv Cxl, me. the h~a.rbor and disembark. We propose to send in tadvance our wihnteemkst]satiiaamteeatedbSmigusilerrd t All witflift} these marks [ l is additional matter, omitted by Souyoaga and Vetfatale from MS. No. 4379. Bib. Hail. inithe Museum, and from a MS. in the }J/,od Library. his the MSS. it is sir Wiliam i! Bouteiller, which I should think more probable, which is precisely the same. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 523 distant from the port, where they remained until the morrow. The the walls were hung with wet carpeting to deaden the blows. These night was clear and serene, for it was the month of July, about Mag- brigandines entered the port without damage, and were followed by dalen-tide; ind they made themselves comfortable, rejoicing that, the galleys and other vessels in such handsome order as to make a through Gud's pleasure, they had so far succeeded as to have the town pleasant show. In turning into the harbor, there was a large castle of Africa now before them. with towers, and on one larger than the rest was placed a bricolle,'IThe Saracens, who were on the opposite shore watching the Chris- for the defence of the place, which was not idle, but threw quarrels tiaol fleet, held this night a council on their future mode of proceeding, among the fleet. On each of the towers on the walls was a bq'icolle,r they knew the town would be besieged. They thus conversed which shot well; and, to say the truth, the Saracens had laid in stores amn-oug themselves: "1Our enemies are now arrived: they will, if for a long time, from the expectation of a siege. thuy can, land and lay siege to Africa, which is the key to the ad- When the Christians entered the port of Africa, to disembark, the j.tinitg kingdoms. We must, therefore, consider well our plans for weather was so beautiful, and their order so well preserved, that it opposing them; otherwise we shall be greatly blamed, and especially was delightful to see it. Their trumpets and clarions made the air if we should not at first dispute their landing." It was proposed by resound, and were echoed back by the waves. Many knights both a valiant Saracen, called Mandifer, to resist their landing, as being from France and from other countries now displayed their banners, the most honorable, and to oppose them instantly with their whole and several knights were created. The first of whom was John lord force, or they would probably have fault found with them. This de Ligny, in Hainault: he was knighted by his cousin, sir Henry was strongly supported by many, as it seenled the most couragequs d'Antoing, and the lord de Ligny there first displayed' his banner, plnn; when an ancient Saracen began tospeak, who had great in. which was emblazoned with his arms on a field or, having a bend fluaee among them, as he showed. This lord came from a town gules. He was accompanied by his cousin-german, the lord d'Hlav. in Afhica called Maldages, and his name was Bellius. He gave his reth in Hainault. All the knights and squires disembarked in view opit ion quite contrary to that of Mandifer, and supported it with the of the Saracens, on a Wednesday, the vigil of Magdalen-day,5 in the r'.llowing reasons: "Gentlemen, we are sent hither to guard the year of grace 1390, and as they landed, encamped according to or. c nist and defend this country: but we have no orders from the kings ders from the marshals. Thus they took possession of the land of ft Tlunis or of Bugia to attack our enemies without having maturely their enemies, who, noticing their camp, could not avoid highly praiscooisidered the consequences. What I have to propose, I will main- ing the good order of it. Those in the larger galleys, that could not to!in by such reasons as these: First, youmust suppose that this army lie near the shore, were put into boats and conveyed to land, under of Christians has been long in preparation, and is provided with all the banner of our Lady. The Saracens, both within and without things necessary. Their captains, you may also believe, are perfect the town, allowed them to land peaceably, for they were not in nunimmen-:at-arms, as able in council as in the field, with the greatest ardor hers sufficient to oppose them.: and the French advanced with disto perform deeds of arms. If we meet them on the shore, they will played banners, on which were emblazo.ned their arms, to places advance their Genoese cross-bows, for you may be assured they have marked out for their lodgings by the marshals. brought numbers of them. It will be against them who have such The duke of Bourbon, as commander-in-chief, was lodged in the excellent cross-bows that we must support the first attack; and we centre of his army, with all honor, and powerfully guarded. The are not arrmed nor have we shields to guard us against their arrows: device on his banner, powdered over with flowers-de-luce, was a our men, finllding themselves wounded, will draw back and refuse the figure of tle Virgin Mary in white, seated in the centre, and an es. combat, so tiat these Genoese will make good their landing in spite cutcheon of Bourbon at her feet. I will name those lords of rank of us. Th;ir men-tt-arms, desirous of displaying their courage, will who were quartered on the right of the duke, looking toward the leap fir-)m their boats, and, observing our disorder, will attack us with town: first, sir William de ha Tremouille and his brother with a pen. lances, and gain a victory: should this happen, the town of Afirica non; the lord de Bordenay, with a banner; sir Helion de Lignac, is irrecoverably lost for anything we can do to prevent it. Those with a pennon; the lord de Tours, the same. Then were placed the within will be so much discouraged by our defeat, that before our Hainaulters, whose standard bore the device of the lord William of men can be rallied, the place will be taken by stormn or capitulation, Hainault, at that time count d'Ostrevant, eldest son of duke Albert of and be so well guarded that we shall have the greatest difficulty to Bavaria, count of Holland, Hainault and Zealand, which device was regain it. The French, and those with them, are very expert and a harrow or, on a field gules. There was the lord d'Havreth with subtle in arms. I therefore maintain, that it will be more to our ad- his banner; the lord de Ligny, with his; and then the lord Philip, vantage that tile enemy should be ignorant of our force at the onset; count d'Artois, with his banner; the lord de Mathefelon, with his for at this miomnent we have not a sufficiency to offi.r them battle, banner; the lord de Calan, with a pennon; the s6neschal d'Eu, with though our strenlgth is daily increasing. I advise, that we suffer them the same; the lord de Linieres, with a banner; the lord de Thim, to disembark at their ease; for, as they have no horses to advance with the same; the lord d'Ameval, with the same; sir Walter de into the country, they will remain where they land, suspicious of our Chastillon, with a pennon; sir John de Chtteaumorant, with a ban. intentions.] The town of Afirica is not afraid of them, nor of their ner; the brother to the marshal de Sancerre, with a pennon; the.ttac;ks, for it is tolerably strong, aiid well provided with everything. lord de Coucy, with his banner, and better supported than any, ex. The air is now warm, and will be hotter. They will be exposed to cept the duke of Bourbon; the lord de Licques. with a pennon; sir the heat of the sun, while we shall be in the shade. Their provisions Stephen de Sancerre, with the same; and then the pennon of the will be destroyed, without hopes of having a supply, if they make king of France, blazoned with his device; beside it, was sir John le any long stay, and wve shall have abundance from our own country: Barrois, with his pennon ornamented with his arms; sir William we will frequently beat up their quarters; and should they be unfor. Morles, with his banner; the lord de Longueval, with a pennoon; sir tamutta in these skimfishes, they will be worn down. We must avoid John de Roye, with a banner; the lord de Bours, with a pennon; all general engagemnents, otherwise we cannot conquer them; but the viscount d'Ausnay, with a banner; and sir John de Vienne, adwe snall do it by this plan, and trusting to the climate, which is con- miral of France, with his banner. trary to the iature of their constitutions. [They will not have any Those on the left hand of the duke of Bourbon were, the lord reinforcemcnts, and we shall have many. The extreme heat of the d'Ausetiont, with a banner; sir John Beaufort, bastard to the duke sunt, and the fatigue they will undergo firom being always armed in of Lancaster, a banner; sir John le Bouteiller, an Englishman, a fear of us, will very soon bring oro disorders which will carry tum-t- pennon; sir John de Crama, a banner; the souldich de l'Estrade, a bers to the grave, and thus shatll we be revenged without striking a petnnon; sir John de Harcourt, a banner; the lord Berald, count blow.] Such is the plan I propos; and, if I knew of any better, I de Clermont, and dauphin of Auvergne, a banner, and with good would lay it before you." array; sir Hugh Dauphin, his brother, a pennon; the lord de BerthAll those in the council who had been used to arms, adopted the encourt, a pennon; the lord de Pierre Buffiere, a banner; the lord advice the old Saracen lord had given. It was in consequence for- de Saint Semere, a banner; the lord de Louvart, marshal of the army, bidden, ueder ptin of death, for the army to attack or skirmish with a pennion; the begue de Beausse, a pennon; the lord de Louvy, a tlie Christiains oi the sea-shore, but they were ordered to remain banner; sir Gerard de Louvy, his brother, a petnnon; the lord de quietly in their quarters, and suffer them to land and encamp them-. Saint-Germain, a banner; and then the pennon on a standard, with selves without aly oppoaition. Notne dared infiringe these orders. the device of the duke of Bourbon the lord Philip de Bar, a banner; They sent a body of their archers into the town of Africa, to assist in sit Lewis de Poitiers, a pennon: sir Robert de Calobre, the same its defence, and never made any movement until the morrow, so that the viscount de Les, a banner; the lord de Nogent, the same; the thie country sceeied uninhabited. lord de Villeneuve, a pennon; sir William de Mouiin, the same; the The Cnhristins fhaving lain this night, as I have said, at anchor at lord de Longwy, a pennon; sir Angorget d'Antboise, the same; sir the mnounth of the harbor, made themselves ready the next day, which Alain de la Champaigne, a pelton. wa s a c::r brigh t miorning, for approaching the towvn, being very de- All these banners and pennons that I have named were placed in siroeus_ to tani. Trumpets and clarions began to sound and make a fr'ont of the camp, facing the town of Africa; but there were many 1,u.l nfhinse on board the different galleys and ships. When it was knights and squires, of great courage and ability, who were quartered about I:i:ie o'clock, and the Christians had drunk a cup, and partaken in the fields, whom I cannot name, and, if I could, it would take up of soup mtde of Grecian or M/almsey wines, with which they had too much space, for they were, in the whole, fourteen thousand, all abueoantly provided themselves, to cheer their hearts and raise their gentlemen. This was a handsome army, able to perform many gal. Esirits, they },ragton to execute the plan they had laid down while at n+at deeds, and support a hard warfare, if the Saracens had ventured the ishrnod of Comino. They sent, as it seems to me, some highttves- an attack, which they did not, contenting themselves this day with eels called briganndines, armed withi bricolles and cantons, first toward throwing large bolts; not meaning to act contrary to their plan, thie hsaibor. When they were properly drawn up'n array, they en~.red the haven, an-i saluted the town with arrows and stones; but * "i.tagdalen-day"-the 22nd July. bcA ~ CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. When the Christians were encamped, it was necessary for them to Oliferne; but I know not if he ever married this lady. I heard that, be careftl of the provision they had brought, for they could not now during the siege, he performed many handsome feats of arms, to tes. venture to forage in this country, nor collect wood nor boughs for tify his love, which the French knights saw with pleasure, and would huts, as they would have run many risks, by foolishly venturing willingly have surrounded him; but he rode so good a horse, and themselves for such objects. had him so well in hand, that all their efforts were vain. The Chris. The knights were lodged under tents and pavilions of cloth, which tian lords were very anxious to make some Saracens prisoners, to they had procured at Genoa. The Genoese cross-bows formed two learn from them the real state of their army; but they could not sucwings, inclosing within them the principal lords, and, from their ceed, and, having noticed their intent, the Saracen chiefs gave orders numbers, they occupied a great deal of ground, turning toward the accordingly. The Saracens were much afraid of the Genoese cross. sea-shore. All their provision was on board the vessels, and there bows: they shielded themselves as well as they could against tlheir were boats continually employed in bringing different articles from bolts, but they are not armed so strongly as the Christians; for they them, as they were wanted. When the inhabitants of the neighbor. know not the art to forge armor like theirs, nor have they workmen ing islands, such as Sicily and others, as well as those in the king. who could make such. Iron and steel are not common among them; dom of Naples, la Puglia, and Calabria, heard the Christians were and they wear light targets hanging on their necks, covered with laying siege to Africa, they exerted themselves to supply them with boiled leather from Cappadocia, that no spear can penetrate, if the every sort of provision: some from a desire of gain, others from af- leather has not been overboiled. Their manner of fighting, accordfection to the Genoese From Caudia were brought good sweet ing to what I heard, was to advance on the Christians, and shoot a wine and grenaches,* to coimfort and refresh them, without which volley of arrows at the Genoese the moment they made their appearthey could not long have supported their fatigues. They were a very ance, and th3n to fall down under shelter of their shields, by which large body of men, who daily consumed much in eating and drink- they avoided the bolts from the cross-bows, that went over them: ing. However, these purveyances did not come regularly; for at they then rose, and either shot more arrows, or lanched their javelins times the supply was most abundant, at othess, they were in great with much dexterity. distress from want. Thus,. for the space of nine weeks that the siege lasted, were con. tinual skirmishes made; and on both sides many were killed and wounded, more especially such as ventured too rashly. The Chris. ~CI-I A P T~E R XX. tians imitated the Saracens by avoiding a close combat; and the THE CONDUCT OF THE SARACENS DURINO THE SIEGE OF THE TOWN OF lords from France and other countries took delight in their manner AFRICA. THEY SEND TO DEMAND FROM THE FRENCIIH THE CAUSE OF of fighting, for, to say the truth, novelty is always pleasing. The THEIR AICING WAR AGAINST TIIEM. young lords of these infidels were greatly struck with the glittering I WILL say something of tbe Saracens, for it is but just they should armor and emblazoned banners and pennons of their enemies, and, be equally spoken of as the Christians, that the truth may be more when returned to their camp, they conversed much about them. apparent. You must know that these infidels had, for a long time, They were, however, astonished at one thing, which I will now re. beeni menaced by the Genoese, and were expecting the town of Africa late. The Saracens within the town of Africa were anxious to to be besieged, in which they were not disappointed. They had know on what pretence the Christians had come with so large an made preparations for resistance, when they heard of the arrival of army to make war on them; and, to learn the reasons, they resolved, the Christian fleet, an event that had been long looked for by the as I was told, in council, to send a person that could speak Genoese, neighboring nations; for they are not prudent nor well advised, who and gave him the following orders: "1Go and take the road to the fear not their enemies, however small they may be. The Saracens, camp of the Christians,'and manage, before thou returnest, to speak however, do not hold the Christians cheap: on the contramy, they with some lords in their army,] and demand, in our name, why they fearnotther enmie, hwevr smll heymaybe, h Sracnswith some lords in their army,] and demand, in our name, why they consider them as no i of courage i and enterprise, and muchy fear have brought so powerful a force against us, and taken possession of them. The better to resist their enemies, they assembled the most the nds of the king of fica, who has not done anythin to offend experienced warriors from the kingdoms of Bugia, Morocco, and them. True it is that, in former times, we were at war with the Tuneis, ien whnichs last the tigown(fAf'c is suitate, and encampead'unis, in which last the town of Africa is situated, and encamped Genoese, but that should no way concern them; for they come from on the downs near the sea-shore. They took advantage of a large very distant countries, and the Genoese are our neighbors. Ourcus. and thick wood in their rear, to avoid any danger from ambuscades tom has been, excepting in times of truce, to seize mutually all we can firom each other." or skirusishes on that side. The Saracens showed m-uch ability in H thus posting themselves. They amounted, according to the estinmate og received thee instructions, the essenger departed and of ahble menuat-arms, to thirty thousand archers and ten thousand rode on to the camp. The first person le met was a Genoese, to t, ~~~~~~~~~~~~rode on to the camp. The first person lie met was a Genoese, to horse. Others thought they were more; but their exact numbers te en th e t akwtsm were unknown, for the Christiatis supposed mtany were lodged in the brnfo rtc.TeGnee owo ehdadesdhm baron fi'om France. The Genoese, to whom he had addressed himwood. The were unvery nnowmerous, for thehristias supposed nanywere lodged in their own coun- self, was called Antonio Marchi, a centurion of cross-bows, who took wood. They were very numerous, for th~ey wTere in their own country, and could come and go from their army at their pleasure withort him under his care, to his great joy, and conducted him instantly to the duke of Bourbon and the lord de Coucy. They both listened danger. They received continual supplies of fr~esh provision. whichthdueoBurnadtelrdeCuc.Tybthisnd was brougheyt on the backs of cnnamelspisofrhpovin c very attentively, and what they did not understand the centurion inThe second day after the Christians had landed, the Saracens,be odrdtsahakdfrannwr.TeFnclrs The secnnd day after the Christians had landed, the Saracens, terpreted in very good French. When he had finished all he had about dawn, came to attack the camp, sir Henry d'Antoing having been ordered to say, he aske for an answer. The French lords told him he should have one as soon as they had considered the pur. the command of the guard of two hundred men-at-arms and one r fhsmsae wleo h raetbrn fteam s thousand Genoese cross-bows. The skidrmish lasted more than two P thousand Genoese cross-bows. Time skim~mish lasted more than two port of his message. Twelve of the greatest barons of the army as. ser oled in the duke of Bourbon's tent, and the messenger and interhours, e lance, for there was not any engallagt deedsnt withere don the in shooting and thrusting oand to the lance, for there was not any engaeent with the sword hand to preter being called in, the last was ordered to tell him from the lords hand. The Saracens did not fool-hardily risk themselves, but fought present, "That in consequence of their ancestors having cified with valor and more prudence than the Christians. When they had and pot to death the son of GoD, called JESUS CHRmST, a true prophet, skirmished some time, the Saracens retreated; for the army began without any cause or just reason, they were come to retaliate on them for this infa~mous and unjust judgment. Secondly, they wer-e unto be in motion, and some of the French barons had come to witness for this infimous and unjust judgment. Secondly, they were un. the action, and observe the manner of their enemies' fighting, that baptized, and infidels in the faith to the holy Virgill, mother of JESUS they might be prepared to meet them another time. The Saracens CHRIST, and had no creed oftheir own. For these arid other causes, they held the Sarac'ens and their whole sect as enemies, and were retired to their camp, as did the Christians to theirs; but, duriug thie they held the Satahens and thei hole ta enei and fhwere whole time of this siege of Africa, the Christians were never left come to revenge the injuries they had done to their God and fih, quiet, for their camp was every night or morning attacked by the and would to this effect daily exert themselves to the utmost of their power." When the messenger had received this answer, he de. enemy. tearcswaayonkngtcaldAaiqoOhparted from the army unmolested, and returned to report to his masAmong the Saracei.-s was a young knight, called Agaidinquor Oli- Nh aaesluge eriya ferne, excellently mounted on a beautiful courser, which he managed ters what you have just read. The Saracens laughed heartily at as he willed, and which, when he galloped, seemed to fly with him. hearing it, and said, they made assertions without proofs, for it was the_ Jews w'ho had crucified J~sus CHRIST, and not they. Things From his gallantry, he showed he was a good man-at-arms; and, the Jews who had crucified JEsUS CHRIST, and not they. Things remained on the former footing: the siege was continued, and eaich when he rode abroad, he had with him three javelins, well feathered r otfrmw and pointed, which he dexterously flung, according to the custom of army on its guard. his country. He was completely armed in black, and had a kind of white napkin wrapped round his head. His seat on horseback was C H A P T E R XX I. graceful; and, from the vigor and gallantry of his actions, the Chris- SOME IRACLES A SHOWN TO TIE SARACENS, AS THEY ATTEMPT TO tians judged he was excited thereto by his affection to a young lady ATTACK THE CAMP OF THE CIHRISTIANS. SEVERAL SIIRMISIES I)U. of the country. True it is, he most sincerely loved the daughter of RING THE SIEGE. ThitE CLISIATE BECO05ES UNWHOLESOME, AND OTHER the king of Tunis, who, according to the report of some Genoese ACCIDENTS BEFAL THE BESIEGERS. merchants who had seen her, was very handsome, and the heiress of his kingdom. This knight, called Agadinquor, was the son of duke SHoRTlY after this message, the Saracens determined in council to remain quiet for seven or eight days, and, during that time, neither' Grenaehes" — Oneofour ancient poets of the fourteenth century mentions, undem to skirmish nor any way to annoy the Christians, but, when they the year 1315, Greek wine and wine de Grenashe. This last, which, since Roussitton should think themselves in perfect security, to fall on their camp like has frarmed part of France, is become a national wine, was then esteemed a ftreigr a del sine It is probabty ttatvhich Froisart rails Galvache, Ganachee or Gatrih a te' uge. This was adopted; and the ninth evening, a. little before.-Vqc Prine~ des l1sanCos, vol. iii. midnight, they secretly armed their men with their accustomed arms, CHRO NICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 525 and marched silently in a compact body toward the Clristian camp. him were obliged to make many reverences, and address him through They had proposed making a severe attack on the opposite quarter the means of a third person. He was indifferent whether the poorer to the main guard, and would have succeeded in their mischievous knights and squires were well or ill at their ease: this the lord de attempt, if God had not watched over and preserved them by mira- Coucy always inquired into, and by it gained great popularity. It cles, as I will now relate. As the Saracens approached, they saw was told me, by some foreign knights who had been there, that had before them a company of ladies dressed in white; one of whom, the lord de Coucy been commander-in-chief, instead of the duke ot their leader, was incomparably more beautiful than the rest, and bore Bourbon, the success would have been very different; for many at. in front a white flag, having a vermilion cross in the centre. The tacks on the town of Afiica were frustrated by the pride and fault of Saracens were so greatly terrified at this vision, that they lost all the duke of Bourbon: several thought it would have been taken, if strength and inclination to proceed, and stood still, these ladies keep- it had not been for him. This siege lasted, by an exact ac count, sixty-one days; during which, many were the skirmishes before the _________-:-___________. -__= _ -_- town and at the barriers: they were _ _'~i-= ~=-;r=-~= —— ~ —------— _ —~'-~ —--------- -— 1 —~-well defended, for the flower of the ___________ _ _____ ~.... infidel chivalry was in the town. The -________________ _ _~~__ % E Christians said among themselves, "If we could gain this place by storm or otherwise, and strongly reinforce - ~~and victual it during the winter, a _f large body of our countrymen might ____ steIadilythen come hither in the spring and with t ao rgain a footing in the kingdoms of Bar been,'~ Avery -seful bary and Tunis, which would encour age the Christians to cross the sea an t iI Ihenever thenually and extend their conquests.",,.,~'~~ ~~~~I~ c''V~~~"Would to God it were so," others NVad, t"hy preplied;a for the knights now here not.. idle but m awould then be comfortably lodged, and guard, whichevery day, if they pleased, they might m -/~1a, and. sir Henry I/d kkrv'A "toin.-"' A were alarmed at the obstinacy of their attacks, and redoubled their guards. The great heat, however, did more for them than all the rest, added to the policy of the Saracens was to keep them in continual alarms. They were almost burnt up when in armor; and it was wonderful that any escaped death; for, during the month of Au. esi.llyr:, (,OF r Vor C;. a. r a' roisst of the 15th century. gust the air was suffocating. An extraordinary accident happened, which if it had lasted any time, must have ing steadily before them. The Genoe s croos-bows had brought destroyed them all. During one week, from the heat and corruption of with them a dog, as I heard, from beyond sea; but whence no one the air, there were such wonderful swarms of flies, the army was coy. could tell, nor did he belong to any partictular person. This dog had ered with them. The men knew not how to rid themselves of these been very useful to them; for the Saracens never came to skirmish, troublesome guests, which multiplied daily, to their great astonishbut by his noise he awakened the army, and as every one now knew ment; but, through the grace of GOn and the Virgin Mary, to whom that whenever the dog barked the Saracens were come, or on their they were devoted, a remedy was found, in a thunder and hail-storm, road, they prepared themselves instantly: in cofnsequence of this, the that fell with great violence, and destroyed all the flies. The air, by Genoese called him the dog of our Lady. This night, the dog was this storm, was much cooled, and the army got to be in better health not idle, but made a louder noise than usual, and ran first to the main than it had been for some time. guard, which was under the command of the lord de Torcy, a Nor- Knights who are on such expeditions must cheerfully put up with man, and sir Henry d'Antoing. As during the night all sounds are what weather may happen, for they cannot have it according to their nmore easily heard, the whole army was in motion, and properly pre- wishes; and, when any one falls sick, he must be nursed to his pared to receive the Saracens, who they knew were approaching. recovery or to his death. Although the knights from France had unThis was the fact; but the Virgin Mary and her company, having dertaken this voyage with an eagerness and resolution that bore them the Christians under their care, watched over them; and this night up under the pains they suffered, they had not many luxuries to grat. they received no harm, for the Saracens were afraid to advance, and ify them; for nothing was sent them from France, nor had any in returned the way they had come. The Christians were more atten- that kingdom more intelligence from them than if they were buried tive to their future guards. The Saracen knights and squires, within under ground. Once, indeed, there came a galley from Barcelona, the town, were much cast down at the sight they had seen, more laden more with oranges and small grain than with anything else. especially those who were advanced near this company of ladies. The oranges were of the greatest service, by the refreshment they While, on the other hand, the Christians were greatly exerting them- afforded; but, whatever vessel came to them, none returned, for fear selves to win the place, which was courageously defended. At this of meeting the Saracens at sea, and because they wished to wait the period the weather was exceedingly hot; for it was the month of event of the siege, and see whether the Christians would conquer the August, when the sun is in its greatest force, and that country was town. warmer than France, from being nearer the sun, and from the heat The young king Lewis of Sicily exerted himself, in order that his of the sands. The wines the besiegers were supplied with from La subjects should carry a constant supply of provision to them, for he Puglia and Calabria were fiery, and hurtful to the constitutions of the was their nearest neighbor. It was fortunate the Saracens were not French, many of whom suffered severely by fevers, from the heating strong enough at sea to prevent the vessels coming from the ports of quality of their liquors. I knownothow the Christians were enabled Sicily and Naples, or they would have conquered them without to bear the fatigues in such a climate, where sweet water was diffi- striking a blow. They therefore contented themselves with keeping cult to be had. They, however, had much resource in the wells they the Christians under perpetual alarms on land. The Saracens have dug; for there were upward of two hundred sunk, through the sands, not a large navy like the Genoese and Venetians; and what they get along the shore; but, at times, even this water was muddy and heated. at sea is by thievery; and they never dare wait the attack of the They were frequently distressed for provision, for the supply was Christians unless they be in very superior numbers, for a well-armed irregular, from Sicily and thile other islands: at times they had abund- galley with Christians will defeat four of such enemies. In truth, ance, at other times they were in want. The healthy comforted the the Turks are better men-at-arms by sea and land than any other sick, and those who had provision shared it with such as had none; nation of unbelievers of our faith; but they were at too great a dis. for in this campaign they were all as brothers. The lord de Coucy, tance from Africa, and the town could not receive any aid from then,. in particular, was beloved byevery gentleman: he was kind to all, The Turks had heard that the town of Africa was besieged by the and behaved himself by far more graciously, in all respects, than the Christians, and had often, but in vain, wished to have been there, duke of Bourbon, who was proud and haughty, and never conversed with the knights and squires from foreign countries in the samne agreeable manner the Lord de Couey did. The duke was accustomed to sit cross-legged the greater part of the day before his pavilion; and those who had anything to say t~ 626 CHRONICLE(S OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. to rejoice at this event, except the lord de Coucy. I believe the lord CHAPTER XXII. de Thim was a dependent on, or of the company of, the lord de BY TE SARACENS TO OFFER COMBAT OF TEN AGAINST Coucy: for, when he repaired to his tent to arm, he found him there,,CHALLENGE IST SENTB THE SARACENS TOI OFFER CO BA OF EN AGAINSTand acknowledged him for his lord. He related to him the challenge TEN CHRISTIANS. THE SAEACENS FAIL IN THEIR ENGAGEMENT. THE of the Saracen, and that he had accepted being one of the ten. All TOWN OF AFRICA IS STORMED, BUT UNSUCCESSFULLY, AND WITH THE present were loud in praise of it, except the lord de Coucy, who said, LOSS OF MANY WORTHY MEN. "Hold your tongues, you youngsters, who as yet know nothing of the THE besiegers and their enemies studied day and night how they world, and who never consider consequences, but always applaud could most effectually annoy each other. Agadinquor Oliferne, folly in preference to good. I see no advantage in this combat, f1'r Madifer de Tunis, Belins Maldages, and Brahadin de Bugia, and many reasons: one is, that ten noble and distinguished gentlemen some other Saracens, consulted together, and said; "Here are our are about to fight with ten Saracens. How do we know if their op. enemies the Christians encamped before us, and we cannot defeat ponents are gentlemen? They may, if they choose, bring to tilhe them. They are so few in number when compared to us, that they combat ten varlets, or knaves, and, if they are defeated, what is the must be well advised by their able captains; for, in all our skirm- gain? We shall not the sooner win the town of Africa, but by it ishes, we have never been able to make one knight prisoner. If we risk very valuabled lives. Perhaps they may form an ambuscaoe, could capture one or two of their leaders, we should acquire fame, and, while our friends are on the plain waiting for their opponents, and learn from them the state of their army and what are their inten- surround them and carry them off, by which we shall be greotly tions. Let us now consider how we may accomplish this." Agadin- weakened. I therefore say, that Affrenal has not wisely managed quor replied, "Though I am the youngest, I wish to speak first." this matter; and, when he first met the Saracen, he should hlave "We agree to it," said the others. "By my faith," continued he, "I otherwise answered, and said,' I am not the commander-in-chief of am very desirous of engaging them; and I think, if I were matched our army, but one of the least in it; and you Saracen, who address in equal combat with one of my size, I should conquer him. If you yourself to me and blame our faith, are not qualified to discuss such will therefore select ten valiant men, I will challenge the Christians matters, nor have you well addressed yourself. I will conduct you to send the same number to fight with us. We have justice on our to my lords, and assure you, on my life, that no harm befal you in side in this war, for they have quarelled with us without reason; and going or in returning, for my lords will cheerfully listen to you.' He this right and the courage I feel, induce me to believe that we shall should then have led him to the duke of Bourbon and the council of nave the victory." Madifer de Tunis, who was a very valiant man, war, when his proposal would have been heard and discussed at said: " Agadinquor, what you have proposed is much to your honor. leisure, his intentions been known, and answers made according as To-morrow, if you please, you shall ride as our chief toward the they should think the matter deserved. Such a combat should never camp of the Christians, taking an interpreter with you, and make a be undertaken but after great deliberation, especially with enemies signal that you have something to say. If you be well received by like to those we are engaged with. And when it had been agreed them, propose your combat of ten against ten. We shall then hear on, and the names and qualities of each combatant should be dewhat answer they give: and, though I believe the offer will be dclared, we would then have selected proper persons to meet them, accepted, we must take good counsel how we proceed against these and proper securities would have been required firom the Saracens Christians, whom we consider as more valiant than ourselves." for the uninterrupt- d performance of the combat, and a due observThis being determined on, they retired to rest. On the morrow, ance of the articles. If matters had been thus managed, lord of as usual, they advanced to skirmish; but Agadinquor rode on at some Thim, I think it would have been better. It would be well if it distance in front with his interpreter. The day was bright and clear, could be put on this footing; and I will speak to the duke of Bourand a little after sunrise the Saracens were ready for battle. Sir ben and the principal barons in the army, and hear what they shall Guy and sir William de la Tremouille had commanded the guard of say on the subject." The lord de Coucy then departed for the tent the night, and were on the point of retiring, when the Saracens ap- of the duke of Bourbon, where the barons were assembled, as they peered in sight about three bow-shots distant. Agadinquor and his had heard of this challenge, to consider what might be the probable interpreter advanced toward one of the wings, and made signs to give event of it. Although the lord de Coucy had intended his speech to notice that he wanted to parley with some one; by accident, he came the lord de Thim as advice for his benefit, he did not the less arm near the pennon of a good squire-at-arms called Affrenal, who, no- himself: when fully equipped, he went with his companions, who tidcing his signs, rode forward a pace, and told his men to remain as were completely armed, and in good array, with sir Guy de la Trethey were, " for that he would go and see what the Saracen wanted: mouille at their head, to meet the Saracens. he has an interpreter with him, and is probably come to make some During this, there was conversation on the subject between the proposition." His men remained steady, and he rode toward the lords in the tent of the duke of Bourbon: many thought the accept. Saracen. ing such a challenge improper, and supported the opinion of the lord When they were near each other, the interpreter said, "Christian, de Coucy, who said it ought to have been ordered otherwise. But are you a gentleman, of name in arms, and ready to answer what some, and in particular the lord Philip d'Artois, count d'Eu, and the shall be asked of you?" "Yes," replied Afirenal, "I am: speak lord Philip de Bar, said," Since the challenge has been accepted by what you please, it shall be answered." "Well," said the inter- our knights, they would be disgraced were the combat now broken preter," here is a noble man of our country wiso demands to combat off: and in the name of God and our Lady, let them accomplish it with you bodily; and, if you would like to increase the number to the best manner they can." This was adopted; for it was now too ten, he will bring as many of his friends to meet you. The cause far advanced to be stopped. It was therefore ordered to draw out'for the challenge is this: They maintain, that their faith is more per- the whole army properly arrayed, that if the Saracens had formed iect than yours; for it has continued since the beginning of the world, any bad designs, they might be prepared to meet them. Every one, when it was written down and that your faith has been introduced therefore, made himself ready: the whole were drawn up, as if for by a mortal, whom the Jews hung and crucified." "Ho," inter- instant combat; the Genoese cross-bows on one side, and the knights rupted Affrenal, "be silent on these matters, for it does not become and squires on the other; each lord under his own banner or pennon such as thee to dispute concerning them; but tell the Saracen, who emblazoned with his arms. It was a fine sight to view the army thus has ordered thee to speak, to swear on his faith that such a combat displayed, and they showed great eagerness to attack the Saracens. shall take place, and he shall be gratified within four hours. Let The ten knights and squires were advanced on the plain waiting him bring ten gentlemen, and of namein arms, on his side, and I will for their opponents, but they came not, nor showed any appearance bring as many to meet him." The interpreter related to the Saracen of so doing; for, when they saw the Christian army so haudsomnely the words that had passed, who seemed much rejoiced thereat, and drawn out in battle.array, they were afraid to advance though they pledged himself for the combat were thrice their numbers. At times they sent horsemen, well This being done, each returned to his friends; but the news had mounted, to ride near their army, observe its disposition, and then already been carried to sir Guy and to sir William de la Tremouille, gallop back: which was solely done through malice, to annoy the who, meeting Affrenal, demanded how he had settled matters with Christians. the Saracen. Affirenal related what you have heard, and that he had This was the hottest day they felt, and it was so extremely opaccepted the challenge. The two knights were well pleased, and pressive that the most active among them were almost stifled in their said, "Affrenal, go and speak to others, for we will be of your number armor: they had never suffered so much before, and yet they reten." He replied, " God assist us! I fancy I shall find plenty ready mained expecting the ten Saracens, but in vain, for they never heard to fight the Saracens." Shortly after, Affrenalmet the lord de Thim, a word from them. The army was ordered to attack the town of to whom he told what had passed, and asked if he would make one. Africa, sine they were prepared, and thus pass the day; and the tenll The lord de Thim willingly accepted the offer; and of all those to champions, in regard to their honor, were to remain on their ground whom Affrenal related it, he might, if he pleased, have had a hundred to the evening. Instead of ten. Sir Bousicaut, the younger, accepted it with great The knlights and squires advanced with great alacrity to the atcourage, as did sir Helion de Lignac, sir John Russel, an English- tack of the town, but they were sorely oppressed with the heat; and man, sir John Harpedone, Alain Boudet and Bouchet. When the had the Saracens known their situation, they might have done tihoeu number of ten was completed, they retired to their lodgings, to pre- much damage; probably they might even have raised the siege and pare and arm themselves. When the news of this combat was obtained a complete victory, for the Christians were exceedingly spread through the army, and the names of the ten were told, the weakened and worn down. True it is, they gained by storm the knights and squires said, "they are lucky fellows, thus to have such wall of the first inclosure: but no one inhabited that part, and the a gallant feat of arms fall to their let." "Would to Heaven," added enemy retired within their second line of defence, skirmishing as many," that we were of the ten." Allthe knights and squires seemed they retreated, and without any great loss. The Christians paid dear CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 527 or an inconsiderable advantage: the heat ef the sun and its reflec- of thle ladies, who would be present with the queen of England and tion on the sands, added to thi fatigue of fighting, which lasted until the great barons, as spectators. evening, caused the death of several valiant knights and squires: the On the Tuesday, the tournaments were to be continued bysquires, more the pity. against others of the same rank who wished to oppose them. The I will mention the names of those who this day fell victims to the prize for the opponents was a courser saddled and bridled, and for heat and unhealthiness of the climate. First, sir William de Gacille, the tenants of the lists a falcon. The manner of holding this feast sir Guiscard de la Garde, sir Lyon Scalet, sir Guy de la Salveste, sir being settled, heralds were sent to proclaim it throughout England, William d'Estapelle, sir William de Guiret, sir Raffroy de la Cha- Scotland, Hainault, Germany, Flanders, and France. It was ordered pelle, the lord de Pierre Buffiere, the lord de Bonnet, sir Robert de by the council to what parts each herald was to go; and, having Hanges, sir Stephen de Sancerre, sir Aubert de la Motte, sir Alain time beforehand, they published it in most couptries. de la Champaigne, sir Geoffry Sressiers, sir Raoul d'Econflan, the Many knights and squires from foreign lands made preparations to lord de Bourg from Artois, sir John de Crie, bastard de la Mouleraye, attend it: some to see the manners of the English, others to take sir Tristan his brother, sir Arn6 de Consay, sir Arn6 de Donnay, sir part in the tournaments. On the feast being known in Hainault, John de Compaignie, sir Fouke d'Escauffours, sir John de Cathenais. sir William de Hainault count d'Ostrevant, who was at that time I will now add the names of squires who fell: Fouchans de Liege, young and gallant, and fond of tilting, determined, in his c.wn mind John des Isles, Blondelet d'Arenton, John de la Motte, Blomberis, to be present, and to honor and make acquaintance with his cousin, Floridas de Rocque, the lord de Bellefreres, William Frondrigay, king Richard, and his uncles whom he had never seen. He thereWalter de Canfours, John Morillon, Peter de Maulves, Guillot Vil- fore engaged many knights and squires to accompany him; in par. lain, John de la Lande, John Purler, John le Moine, John de Lau- ticularthe lord de Gomcgines, because he was well known in England, nay and William du Parc. having lived there some time. Sir William resolved, while his preNow consider how great was this loss; and, had the advice of the parations were making, to visit his father, the count of Hainault, gallant lord de Coucy been followed, it would not have happened, for Holland, and Zealand, to speak with him on the subject, and to take the army would have remained quietly in its camp, as it had hitherto leave of him before he went to England. He therefore set out from done. The whole army was dismayed at it, and each bewailed the Quesnoy, in Hainanult, and continued his journey to the Hague, a loss of his friend. They retired late to theircamp, and kept a stronger good town in Holland, where his father then resided. During the guard than usual, during the night, for fear of the Saracens. It passed visit, he told his father his intentions to partake of the great feast in however without further accident, and more prudent arrangements England, to see his cousin and other English lords whom he was dewere made. The Saracens were ignorant of what their enemies had sirous of knowing. " William," replied the count, " my good son, suffered; had they known it, they would have had a great advantage you have nothing to do in England: you are now connected by marover them, but they were in dread of the Christians, and never ven- riage with the blood-royal of France, and your sister is the wife of tured to attack them but in skirmishes, retreating after one or two the eldest son of our cousin the duke of Burgundy: you have no occharges. The person among them who had shown the most courage casion, therefore, to seek other connections." "My lord," answered was Agadinquor Oliferne. He was enamored with the daughter sir William, "I do not wish to go to England to form any alliance, of the king of Tunis, and in complimentto her, was eagerto perform but merely to tilt and enjoy this feast, which has been publicly probrilliant actions. claimed everywhere, and visit my cousins, whom I have never seen. Thus was the siege of Africa continued; but the relations and Should I not go thither, after the particular invitation I have had, for friends of the knights and squires who had gone thither, from France a purpose messenger brought it me, my refusal will be considered as and other countries, received no intelligence, nor knew more of them the effect of pride and presumption. I feel myself bound therefore than if they were dead. They were so much alarmed at not having in honor to go, and beg, father, that you will not refuse me your any news of them, that many processions were made in England, consent." "William," replied the count, "you are your own mas. France and Hainault, to the churches, to pray God that he would ter; act as you please; but I should think, for the sake of peace, it bring them back, in safety, to their several homes. The intention were better you did not go." of the Christians was to remain before the town of Africa, until they The count d'Ostrevant, perceiving this subject was disagreeable should have conquered it by storm, treaty or famine. The king of to his father, turned the conversation to other matters; but his reso Sicily, as well as the inhabitants of the adjacent islands, were anxious lution was fixed, and his purveyances were continued to be made and it should be so, for the Africans had done them frequent damage; forwarded to Calais. His herald, Gomegines, was sent to England but the Genoese were particularly kind, in supplying the knights and to inform the king and his uncles, that he would come honorably at. squires with everything they wanted, to prevent them from being tended to his feast. They were much pleased at this intelligence, tired with the length of the campaign. - and presented the herald with great gifts, which were very acceptable, To say the truth, this was a very great enterprise, and the knights for he became blind toward the end of his days. I know not if he and squires showed much courage and perseverance in continuing had angered God, that he was afflicted with such a punishment; but the siege in so unhealthy a climate, after the great losses they had this herald, when in power, had behaved with so much insolence, suffered, without assistance from any one; and even when the Geno- that he was little pitied in his distress. The count d'Ostrevant took ese, who had first proposed the expedition, were dissembling with leave of his father, and, on his departure from the Hague, returned them, and as it was said, were in treaty with the Saracens, to leave to his lady at Quesnoy. Many noble knights were busy in preparathe Christian army unsupported and neglected, as I shall relate in due tions for this feast that had been so pompously proclaimed. time, according to the reports that were made to me. The count Waleran de Saint Po], who had married the half-sister We will now leave the affairs of Africa, and speak of the hand-. to king Richard, assembled a handsome body of knights and squires, some feasts that were at this time given at London. and with them made for Calais, where passage-vessels were waiting to convey to Dover the lords and knights going to this tournament. From Dover they continued their journey to London, where their CHAPTER XXIII. servants had previously secured their lodgings. The count d'Ostrevant set out from Hainault with a numerous at. A GRAND TOURNAMENT IS HOLDEN AT LONDON. THE KING OF ENGLAND tendance of knights and squires, and travelled through Artois to GIVES SPLENDID ENTERTAINMENTS DURING THE SIEGE OF THE TOWN OF Calais, where he met the count de St. Pol. When the wind was AFRICA BY THE CHRISTIANS. THE COUNT D'OSTREVANT RECEIVES THE favorable, and their attendants embarked, they crossed the channel; ORDER OF THE GARTER, W'IICH DISPLEASES THE KING OF FRANCE. but it was told me, and I believe it, that the count de St. Pol arrived NEWS of the splendid feasts and entertainments made for queen first at London, where he found the king and his brother-in-law, sir Isabella's public entry into Paris was carried to many countries, and John Holland, who, with many other nobles, made him a hearty welvery justly, for they were most honorably conducted. The king of come, and inquired the news in France. The count d'Ostrevant England and his three uncles had received the fullest information of having crossed the sea, stopped at Canterbury, and on the Friday them: for some of his knights had been present, who had reported morning, without breaking his fast, paid his devotions at the shrine all that had passed with the utmost fidelity. In imitation of this, the of Thomas a Becket, making at the same time a very rich offering king of England ordered grand tournaments and feasts to be holden at that altar. He remained that whole day at Canterbury, and on in the city of London, where sixty knights should be accompanied the following went to Rochester. On account of his numerous train, by sixty noble ladies, richly ornamented and dressed. The sixty he travelled but a short day's journey, to spare his horses that car. knights were to tilt for two days; that is to say, on the Sunday after oied the baggage. After mass he left Rochester and dined at Dart. Michaelmas-day, and the Monday following, in the year of grace ford, whence he continued his journey to London, for it was on this 1390. The sixty knights were to set out at two o'clock in the after- Sunday the tournaments were to begin. noon from the Tower of London, with their ladies, and parade through This Sunday, according to proclamation, being the next to Michthe streets, down Cheapside, to a large square called Smithfield. elmas-day, was the beginning of the tiltings, and called the feast of There the knights were to wait, on the Sunday, the arrival of any the challengers. About three o'clock, there paraded out f'om the foreign knights who might be desirous of tilting; and this feast of Tower of London, which is situated in the square of St. Catherine, the Sunday was called the challengers'. The same ceremonies were on the banks of the Thames, sixty barded coursers ornamented for to take place on the Monday, and the sixty knights to be prepared the tournament; on each was mounted a squire of honor that advanced for tilting courteously with blunted lances against all comers; The only at a foot's pace; then came sixty ladies of rank, mounted on prize for the best knight of the opponents was to be a rich crown of palfreys most elegantly and richly dressed, following each othet, gold; that for the tenants of the lists a very rich golden clasp: they every one leading a knight with a silver chain, completely armed for were to be given to the most gallant tilter, according to the judgment tilting; and in this procession they moved on through the streets of 528 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN. &c. London, attended by numbers of minstrels and trumpets, to Smith- ing was farther from his mind than any hostility to the king of' ra: ce field. The queen of England, and her ladies and damsels, were but he had accepted the Garter to oblige his cousin in England, and already arrived and placed in chambers handsomely decorated. The on occasion to be a mediator between the two countries. When he king was with thle queen. When the ladies who led the knights took the oaths usual on the admission of knights to the order, it ought arrived in the square, their servants were ready to assist them to to be known publicly that nothing was said or done prejudicial to dismount firom their palfreys, and to conduct them to the apartments France, nor any treaties entered into with that intent. I mention prepared for them. The knights remained until their squires of honor this, since it is impossible to prevent the envious from spreading had dismounted, and brought.them their coursers, which having abroad their tales. When the entertainments at Windsor had lasted mounted, they had their helmets laced on, and prepared themselves a sufficient time, and ke king had made handsome presents to the in all points for the tilt. knights and squires of France, particularly to the young count d'Os. The count de Saint Polwith his companions now advanced, hand. trevant, the company took leave of the king, the queen, and the somely armed for the occasion, and the tournament began. Every court, and departed for their different homes. foreign knight who pleased tilted, or had time for so doing, before Rumor, which magnifies everything, carried to the king of France, the evening set in. The tiltings were well and long continued, his brother and uncles, every particular that had passed at this feast until night forced them to break off. The lords and ladies then re- in England. Those who had been there confirmed it; nothing was tired where they had made appointments. The queen was lodged forgotten, but rather additions made with the intent of doing mis. in the bishop of London's palace near St. Paul's church, where the chief in preference to good. They related, that William of Hainault, banquet was held. who called himself count d'Ostrevant, had taken great pains to honoz Toward evening, the count d'Ostrevant arrived, and was kindly this feast; that he had the prize given him at the tournament in pref. received by king Richard and his lords. The prize for the opponents erence to many other foreign knights, and that he was loud in the was adjudged to the count de St. Pol, as the best knight at this praise of the English, and was become the liege-man to the king of tournament, and that for the tenants tothe earl of Huntingdon. The England by taking the oaths and accepting the order of the blue dancings were at the queen's residence, in the presence of the king, Garter, in the chapel of Saint George at Windsor, which order had his uncles, and the barons of England. The ladies and damsels con- been established by king EdWard and his son the prince of Wales; finned their amusements, before and after supper, until it was time that no one could be admitted a knight companion of that order, to retire, when all went to their lodgings, except such as were at- without making oath never to bear arms against the crown of Eng. tached to the king or queen, who, during the tournament, lived at land; and this oath the count d'Ostrevant had taken without the the palace of the bishop of London. simallest reservation. You would have seen on the ensuing morning, Monday, squires and The king of France and his uncles, on hearing this, were much varlets busily employed, in different parts of London, furbishing and troubled and vexed with the count d'Ostrevant. The king said: making ready armor and horses for their masters who were to engage " Only think, it is not a year ago since the count begged of me that in the justs. In the afternoon, king Richard entered Smithfield mag- his brother might be bishop of Cambray; but after what we have nificently accompanied by dukes, lords, and knights, for he was chief heard, that would now be much to our prejudice. It will be better of the tenants of the lists. The queen took her station as on the that our cousin of St. Pol have Camubray than John of Haniault. The preceding day, with her ladies, in the apartments that had been Hainaulters were never our sincere firiends, nor ever will be, for they prepared for her. The count d'Ostrevant caine next, with a large are too proud and presumptuous, and have always been more attached company of knights and squires fully armed bfor tilting; then the count to England than France; but a time may come whene they shall dearly de Saint Pol and the knights firom France. pay for it. We will," added the king, " that the count d'Ostrevant The tournament now began, and every one exerted himself to the be summoned to appear before us, and to do homage for the county utmost to excel: many were unhorsed, and more lost their helmets. of Ostrevant, or we will dispossess him and attach it to our crown." The justing continued with great courage and perseverance until Such of the council as were present, replied, " Sir, you say well, and night put an end to it. The company now retired to their lodgings what you order ought to be done." The duke of Burgundy, whose or their homes; and, when the hour for supper was near, the lords daughter the count had married, was highly displeased at these reand ladies attended it, which was splendid and well served. The ports; for he had always pushed his son-in-law as much as he could prize for the opponents at the tournament was adjudged, by the into the good graces of the king and the royal family. This business ladies, lords, and heralds, to the count d'Ostrevant, who far eclipsed was not neglected; for the king of France wrote very sharp letters all who had tilted that day; that for the tenants was given to a gal- to the count d'Ostrevant, which he sent to him at Quesnoy%, cornlant knight of England called sir Hugh Spenser. manding him to come to Paris, and, in the presence of the peers of On the morrow, Tuesday, the tournament was renewed by the France, do homage for the county of Ostrevant, or he would make scjires, who tilted in the presence of the king, queen, and all the war upon him, and dispossess him of it. nobles, until night; when all retired as on the preceding day. The The count d'Ostrevant, on perusing these letters, found that the supper was as magnificent as before at the palace of the bishop, where king and his council were much angered, and instantly assembled the king and queen lodged; and the dancing lasted until daybreak, his most confidential counsellors to consider of the answer. Ho when the company broke up. The tournament was continued on called to his aid the lord de Fontaines, the lord de Gomegines, sir the Wednesday by all knights and squires indiscriminately, who William de Herermies, the lord de Trassegnies, the bailiff of Hainwere inclined to just; it lasted until night, and the supper and dances ault, the lord de Sancelles, sir Race de Montigny, the abbot de Cres. were as the preceding day. pin, Johin Semart, and James Barrier of Valenciennes. These On Thursday, the king entertained at supper all the foreign knights counsellors having some time debated, and turned the matter over and squires, and the queen their ladies and damsels. The duke of various ways, thought it most advi:able to write to the king of France, Lancaster gave a grand dinner to them on the Friday. On Satur- and answer generally to what he had urged, and demand an oppor. day, the king and his court left London for Windsolr, whither the tunity for so doing more particularly, by persons that were properly count d'Ostrveant, the count de St. Pol, and the foreign knights who qualified and nut by letters. In the mean time, they recommended had been present at the feasts, were invited. All accepted the invi- sending a well-informed messenger, to duke Albert in Holland, to tation, as was right, and went to Windsor, which has a handsome acquaint him with what was passing, and have his advice. This castle, well built and richly ornamented, situated on the Thames was done: they wrote such hunible and discreet letters to the king twenty miles from London. The entertainments were very mag- of France and his council as greatly pacified them; and sent the nificent in the dinners and suppers king Richard made, for he thought lord de Trassegnies, the lord de Sancelles, John Semart, and James he could not pay honor enough to his cousin the count d'Ostrevant. Barrier to Holland. On being admitted to the count of Holland they He was solicited by the king and his uncles to be one of the corn- laid before him the situation of Hainault, and the letters that had been panions of the order of the blue Garter, as the chapel of St. George, received from the king of France. the patron, was at Windsor. In answer to their request, he said he If the count of Holland was not surprised at what had happened, would consider of it, and instantly consulted the lord de Gomegines it is not to be wondered at; for he replied, "I was just thinking that and the bastard Fierabras de Vertain, who were far from discour- whatyou tell me would come to pass: my son William had no busi. aging him from accepting the order. He returned to the king, and was ness to go to England. I have given up to him the government of admitted a knight companion of the Garter, to the great surprise of Hainault: let him advise with the wisest and most prudent in that the French knights then present. They murmured together, and then country. Make interest with our fair cousin, the duke of Burgundy; said: " This count d'Ostrevant plainly shows that his heart is more for he has the power to set to rights all this business. I cannot give inclined to England than to France, when he thus accepts the order you better advice, nor recommend a more fit person to address your. of the Garter, which is the device of the kings of England. He is sevles to." On this the envoys returned to Hainault, and related all purchasing the ill-will of the court of France and of my lord of Bur- that had passed, which gave satisfaction. The lord de Trassegnies, gundy, whose daughter he has married, and a time may come for sir William de Heremies, sir Race de Montigny, John Semart and him to repent of it. However, to say the truth, he must know what James Barrier, were ordered to wait on the king of France and the concerns him best: but he was well beloved by the king of France, duke oe' Burgundy. The detail of all that passed would be too long his brother the duke of Touraine, and all the royal family; so that for such a history as this, that embraces so many objects. T'he conwhen he came to them at Paris or elsewhere, they showed him more elusion was, that notwithstanding lhe support of the duke of Burgundy, kindness than to any other of their cousins." the count d'Ostrevant was forced to go to Paris to perform his duty Thus was the count d'Ostrevant blamed by the French, without and acknowledge his holding the county of Ostrevant from the crown dhe smallest cause; for what he had done was no way to injure the of France, otherwise he would have had war instantly carried into crown of France, nor his cousins and friends of that country. Noth- Hainault. The lord de Coucy and sir Oliver de Clisson took much CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 529 pains that a war should ensue; but the lord de la Riviere and sir days." The Genoese were not well pleased with the French iords John le Mercier counteracted them to the utmost of their power. As for thus breaking up the siege of the town of Africa; but, as they we have dwelt too long on these matters, we will return to the barons could not anmend it, they were forced to bear with it as well as they and knights of France, who were besieging the strong town of Africa could. against the Saracens. There was a rumor current in the Christian camp, that the Genoese were treating with the Saracens to betray and deliver up to them the remainder of the army. It was firmly believed by many, and they CHAPTER XXIV. said: "Our principal commanders, the duke of Bourbon, the dauphin of Auvergne, the lord de Coucy, sir Guy de la Tremouille, sir Philip TIlE SIEGE OF AFRICA IS RAISED. THIE CAUSE OF IT. THE KNIGHrTS AND de Bar and sir John de Vienne, are well acquainted with this plot; SQUIRES RETURN TO THEIR OwN COUNTRIES. and for this reason they have determined suddenly to break up the You have before heard, what pains the Christians took to conquer siege." When it was proclaimed that every one was to embark os the town of Africa; for they thought, if they succeeded, they should board the galleys or other vessels, in an orderly manner, you would gain renown, and be able to withstand, during the winter, all the have seen the varlets in the greatest bustle packing up the purvey. forces the infidels could bring against them, until they should be ances of their different lords, and conveying them on board the ships reinforced from Europe, especially by the king of France, who was which lay at anchor off the shore. When all things were embarked, young and fond of arms, and there were still two years to run of the the knghts entered the galleys that had brought them thither: many truce with England: the Christians had therefore laid siege to Africa, had bargained with the captains to carry them to Naples, others to as being the most convenient entrance into Barbary. The infidels, Sicily, Cyprus or Rhodes, thence to perform a pilgrimage to Jerusalem. suspicious of such being their intentions, well victualled the place, After having remained sixty-one days before the town of Africa, and reinforced it with a new garrison, the better to guard it. they broke up the siege, and set sail from that country-in sight of the The siege still continued, although, after the before-mentioned loss Saracens from the walls. This gave them such joy that they sounded on the part of the Christians, little advantage was gained, and the horns and beat drums, and made so great a noise by their shoutings,, men-at-arms were greatly discouraged; for they could not obtain any as to be heard in the army of the Saracens. Several young knights opportunity of changing the tiresomeness of their situation, and of mounted their horses, and galloped to the place where the cnamp had revenging themselves on the enemy. Many, in consequence, began been, to see if they could find anything left behind. Agadinquorto murmur and say, "We remain here in vain; for if we do nothing d'Oliferne and Brahadin de Tunis were the first to arrive; but the. more effectual than skirmishing, we shall never gain the town: if, Christians had so completely cleared the camp, that there Was nothby accident we kill one infidel by our arrows, they supply his place ing for them to carry away. The Saracens left their station to, with ten more, as they are in their own country, and have provision examine the camp, and remained more than two hours noticing the, and stores in abundance, while ours are brought with much difficulty manner and form of it. They praised much their subtlety in sinkand uncertainty. What will become of us, if we stay longer? The ing wells for firesh water, and, having for some time viewed the, cold nights of winter freeze and benumb us to death. We shall be galleys under sail, they returned to visit their friends in the town ot in a most disagreeable state for many reasons: first, at that time of Africa. Others went to their quarters, and rejoiced greatly that the: the year the sea will be so tempestuous no one will venture on it. Christians had not dared to remain longer. They held their powerWe have now but eight days provision, and should the stormy weather very cheap, and said, they should no longer fear, as they had done,, set in, and prevent any vessels arriving, we must inevitably perish. the French or Genoese. They spoke truly, as I shall explain. Whenm Secondly, suppose we have provision and stores in plenty, how can this siege was raised, the Saracens grew proud on the occasion, for' the army support, for so long a time, the fatigue of a regular guard? they saw the Genoese had exerted themselves to their utmost powerThe danger will be too great; for the enemy is on his own ground, to annoy them: this expedition could not have been undertaken, and well acquainted with the country, and may attack us in the night- without an enormous expense, and they had not gained anything season, as we have already seen, and do us infinite damage. Thirdly, But they did not know the great losses the Christians had suffered' should we be infected with any disorder, from want of better air and until that day, and I will tell you by what accident it happened. In, fresh provision, it may be contagious, and we shall drop off one after the camp of the Christians was found, lying on the ground, a Genoese anotmher, for we have not any remedies to guard against such a mis- varlet, who was too ill with a fever to be removed when the sailors-, fortune. Besides, should the Genoese, who are a treacherous race, sought for their men to embark on board the barges. The Saracens; wish to return without us, they might embark in the night-time, and, were delighted on finding this man, and ordered no harm to be done:, when once on board their vessels, we could not prevent them, and him. They carried him to the principal commanders of their army,. they would leave us here to pay the reckoning. It will be right that and told them where they had found him. An interpreter was sent, we remonstrate with our lords, who are enjoying their ease, on these for, to examine him; but at first he would not make any answers,., our suspicions; for the Genoese do not conceal their opinions of us. considering himself as a dead man, and desiring they would put'him! Some of their talkers have said to our men,'You Frenchmen are out of his pain. The chiefs of the army, such as Agadinquor d'Oliferne odd men-at-arms: when we sailed from Genoa, we thought you and Brahadin de Tunis, thought they should gain nothing by his death; would have conquered this town of Africa within a week or a fort- and to induce him to answer truly, without any equivocation, what' night after your landing; but we have been here nearly two months, questions should be put to him, they promised to spare his life, and and nothing has been done: by the assaults and skirmishes you send him safe and well to his own country on board of the first galmake, the town need not fear you these two years; and at the rate ley that should come thither from Genoa or Marseilles, with a pyesentyou go on, you will never conquer the kingdoms of Tunis or Africa.'" of one hundred golden besants. The valet hearing this, was freed The Genoese had so frequently held this language to thpe varlets from his fears of death and made easy; for he knew that these Sara-. and others of the army, that it reached the ears of their lords, and cens never break their words; and, as every one dies as late as lie was repeated to the lord de Coucy, who was wise and prudent, and can, he said to the interpreter, "Make them all swear on their faith to whom the whole army looked up. He considered a while, and to keep what they have promised, and I will truly answer whatever then said to himself, "The conversations of these Genoese are but you may ask." The interpreter repeated this to the lords, wh: lay.i. too well founded in truth: to put a stop to them, a full assembly of ing consented to his demand, the varlet said, " Now ask what questhe principal knights must be held, to consider how we are to proceed, tions you please, and I will answer them." He was first asked who.'or winter is fast approaching." At this council, which was held in he was, and his place of residence, and replied, " Portevances;* -[thatthe duke of Bourbon's tent, various plans were proposed; but the his name was Simon Mollevin, and snn to a captain of a galley at? conclusion was, that they would, for this season, break up the siege, Portevances:"] then as to the commanders of the Christian army,. and every person should return home the way he had comne. The He named several; for, having kept company and drank with the chief lords secretly made preparations accordingly, and, calling to heralds, he had often heard their names mentioned and remembered them the masters of the galleys and other vessels, acquainted them some of them. He was asked, if he knew the reasons why they had with their intentions. The captains were much surprised, and said, so suddenly raised the siege and departed. To this he made a very - "My lords, do not harbor any suspicions of us, for we are pledged lprudent reply, by saying, he was ignorant of it, as he was not present 1 to you by our honor and oaths, and we will most loyally and honestly at the council of war when it was determined on, and could only tell, acquit ourselves. Had we pleased, we might have accepted the them what was the common report in the army. It iwas said, that favorable offers that were made us by the Afriicans, but we refused the French suspected the Genoese of a design to betray them:; but. to enter into any treaty with them, from our attachments and engage-. the Genoese declared this was false, and wrongfully imputed to them ments to you." by the French. They had left the coast because they were afraid to, "We have no doubts of you, gentlemen," replied the lord de winter in this countr,, and risk the loss of as many knights as they Coucy, "for we look on you as loyal and valiant men: but we have had once done. "Ask him," said the lords to the interpreter, "to considered our situation; winter is at hand, and we have a scarc.ty explain this." He replied, "So great was the loss on the day the of provision. Should it be God's good pleasure that we return to combat was to have taken place between ten of your knights with France, we will inform the king, who is young and fond of wvar, of ten of ours, that upward of sixty knights and squires, men of renown, the state of this country. At this moment he knows not where to died that day; and it was solely on this account," as the. Genoese employ his force, for he and the king of England are at p.':ace. He said, "the siege was raised." The Saracen chiefs seemed very, is unhappy when idle, and we shall advise him to undent.: ke an ex- much pleased on hearing this, and made no further inquiries, buit' pedition hith. er, as well to have the pleasure of meetilig the king of punctually kept the promise they had made him. Sicily as to conquer this country from the Saracens. Prepare and * "Portevances." [n the MSS. Portenaucs. Q. if not Portocross, one of the islanadi:. make ready your galleys, for we shall leave this coast in a very few orf iere. otf Proveiice 530 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. On his return to Portevances and Genoa, he related all that had of it. In truth, he was warmly attached to pope Clement; for the passed and what answers he had made, for which he was no way preceding year, when at Avignon, he had received the greatest honors blamed. The Saracens said among themselves, "We have been very and attentions from him, and he had given to him, his brother and negligent in not taking better measures against this union of the uncles, more than they had asked. This he thought was deserving French and Genoese; for, though they have been this time unsuc- some return, and, on his taking leave, he had promised the pope, that cessful against Africa, we must henceforward put our coast in a bet- he would attend to his affairs in such wise that the effect of his in. ter state of defence, (which we may easily do;) and we must, in terference would soon be known. He considered himself bound particular, guard the straits of Morocco so strongly that neither the therefore, to do something in his behalf. Genoese nor Venetians shall carry their merchandise to Flanders At this time, the dukes of Berry and Burgundy were at Panris; through this strait, without paying so great a toll as to make all the and it was generally reported, that soon after March the king would world wonder thereat, and even then it shall be considered as a mat- set out from Paris, for Savoy and Lombardy, and that the duke of ter of favor." Savoy was to send his cousin-german with him. The king was to What these Africans had proposed they executed: and all the have under his command the duke of Touraine and four thousand kingdoms to the south, west and east, formed an alliance, such as spears; the duke of Burgundy two thousand; the duke of Berry the Africa, Tunis, Bugia, Morocco, Benmarin, Tremegen and Granada, same number; the constable of France two thousand Bretons and with a resolution of well guarding their coasts, and equipping such a Saintongers, from the flat countries; the duke of Burbon one thou. fleet of galleys as should make them masters of the sea, through sand spears: the count de St. Pol, and the lord de Coucy, one thouhatred to the Frenchi and Genoese for their late siege of Africa. They sand spears; and all these men-at-arms were to be engaged and paid interrupted so much the navigation of the Venetians and Genoese, for three months, and thus from time to time. The pope and cardithat merchandise from Alexandria, Cairo, Damascus, Venice, Naples nals at Avignon were as much rejoiced, when intelligence of this or Genoa, was difficult to be had in Flanders for money; and, in was carried to them, as if the expedition were already commenced particular, every sort of spicery was enormously dear. It was proposed in the council that,he king should invite the duke of Brittany to form part of it, as they c'd not think it prudent to leave him behind. The king in consequence wrote him a handsome CHAPTER XXV. letter, to explain the plan and intention of the expedition, and to in. vite him to make a part of it, which he sent by an honorable m-an, KING CHARLES OF FRANCEI PROPOSES TO MARCH TO ITALY, TO FORM AN one of his ushers-at-arms. UNION OF TIHE cHURCII BY FORCE, AND THENCE TO BARBARY. EMBAS- When the duke of Brittany had read the letter, he burst out into SADORS FROkM ENGILAND OFFER1 PROPOSALS FOR A PEACE BETW'EEN' HIM SDORS FRO ENAND OFFER PROPOSALS FOR A PEACE TEEN HIM laughter, and calling to him the lord de Montbouchier, said: "See P. ND KING- RICHARD. THlE DEATH OF JOttN KING OF CASTILLE. HE IS' ND RING RICHARD. TIIO DEANTH OF JWOHN ING OF CASTILLE. HE IS what my lord of France writes me. He has undertaken to set out SUCCED BY S SON HENR, wo IS RONE EING, THOUG BIT in the month of March next for Rome, and destroy by the power of NINE YEARS OF ACE. his arms, pope Boniface and his cardinals. As God is my help, he WHEN the Christian fleet sailed from Africa, all crossed the sea, will never succeed, but shortly have other flax to spin, which will:but did not disembark at the same port. Part met with heavy tem- force him to give up such foolish business. He desires me to accom.:pests, that put themn in great danger: the greater part, however, re. pany him with two thousand lances. As I wish to pay him every turned to Genoa. Religious processions were making in France for hlionor that is his due, I shall write a very civil answer back to please ttheir safety, for they knew not what was become of them, not having him, add say that, if he persists in undertaking the expedition menhad any intelligence since their departure. The ladies of Coucy, of tioned in his letter, lie shall not go without me, since he is desirous;:Sully, and the dauphiness of Auvergne, were in great anxiety for of my company; but I tell you, lord de Montbouchier, that I shall their lords, as long as fhe expedition lasted, and were much rejoiced not trouble any of my vassals on the occasion, for I repeat, it will en1 oa hearing they were returned. The duke of Bourbon and the lord in words." The duke of Brittany sent very handsome letters by the,de Coucy set off privately for Paris, leaving their attendants behind, usher-at-arms, to the king at Paris, who was well satisfied with the:and arrived there about Martinmnias-day. The king, as was natural, answer. No one attempted to discourage the king respecting. this was well pleased to see them, and asked many questions respecting expedition, for it was highly agreeable to the knights and squires, as'Barbary, and the success of the expedition. They related all they it made them of importance, and employed their time. All ranks'had seen or heard, which was eagerly listened to by the king and his of persons made their preparations, even the clergy, and the prov..brother, the duke of Touraine. The king said, "If we can manage inces were willing to tax themselves to send men-at-arms, at theit Io restore union to the church, and establish a sound peace between expense, to serve the king.,us and England, we should very much like to lead a great army to This expedition ended, however, as the duke of Brittany had fore. Barbary, to exalt the Christian faith, confound the infidels, and acquit told; and I will relate what occasioned its being broken off. About:the souls of our predecessors, king Philip of happy memory, and king Candlemas, intelligence was brought.go the king and his council,.John our grandfather; for both of them put on the vermilion cross, which they had not thought of, nor foreseen. Part of the king of Ito pass the sea for the holy land; and they would have done so, if England's cabinet-council were sent, in handsome state, to wait on -violent wars had not nearly overturned their kingdom. Now, if we the king of France at Paris. At the head of this legation were, sir,can restore union and peace to the church, and lengthen our truce Thomas Percy, sir Lewis Clifford, sir Robert Bricquet, and other with the Eng'ish to a proper term, we are resolved to undertake this knights, whose names I never heard. The arrival of these knights,expedition." Such, were the conversations between the king of at Paris was a great surprise, though the king had been informed of France and his uncle, the duke of Bourbon, and the lord de Coucy, their coming; for the king of England had written to him, to say he:and thus did things remain. By degrees, those who had been in should in a few days send some of his council to Paris, if he would.Africa returned home. The king lived at Paris the whole season, be there. The king of France was very anxious to learn why these residing sometimes at the Louvre, at others, with the queen, at the embassadors had been sent in such haste, and what they had to pro.;h6tel de St. Pol. pose. The English knights dismounted at the sign of the Chateau About St. Andrew's day, when the knights were almost all returned de Festu, in the street of la Croix du Tiroir, where they had fixed from Barbary, circumstances which served for a topic of conversation their lodgings. The king of France was at the Louvre, and the with every one, another expedition was talked of, at the court of duke of Touraine with hint: his three uncles, and the constable of France, but I cannot say who was the first promoter of it. The France, were likewise at their different h6tels in Paris. The Eng. king of France, who had a great love of arms, was thus addressed: lish arrived at Paris in the afternoon, and staid the remainder of that " Sire, your devotion and inclination naturally lead you to wish to day and the night at their inn: on the morrow, about nine o'clock,,carry an expedition against the infidels beyond sea, to conquer the they mounted their horses, which were handsomely decorated, and holy land." " That is very true," answered the king: "it consti- went in state to the Louvre, where the king was waiting for them. Atutes time occupation of my thoughts night and day." I believe the He was attended by his brother, his uncles, the count de St. Pol, the proposal was made by the lord de la Riviere or sir John le Mercier; loi'd de Coucy, sir Oliver de Clisson, constable of France, i'r John for they were both too much attached to pope Clement, and so greatly de Vienne, sir Guy de la Tremouille, and other great barons. -in the king's favor, that whatever they said was done. Others, who The embassadors dismounted in the square before the Louvre, and, were at the time in the king's company, said; "Sire, you cannot, in on entering the gate, were met by the lord de la Riviere, sir John le conscience, undertake such an expedition, while the church is dis- Mercier, sir Helion de Lignac, sir Peter de Villiers, sir William do -united: begin with the head, and your enterprise will end the better." la Tremouille, and sirWilliam Marcel, who received them as knights'"How would you have me begin?" asked the king. "Sire," re- of the king of England's council, and conducted them most respect. piieu they, "at this moment you have nothing on your hands. You fully to a handsome apartment where the king of France was. On are at peace with the English; and you may, during the truce, un- their entrance they took of their hoods, and bowed very low. Sir,dertake, if you please, an expedition: we do not see a more brilliant Thomas Percy was the bearer of their credential letters, which he one, than to umarchm a large army to Rome and destroy this anti-pope, presented to the king, who, on receiving them, made the knights'whom the Romnans, through error, have elected and placed on the rise. When they were risen, they retired some paces back. The:throne of St. Peter. This may be done, if you exert yourself: a king of France, having perused the letters, called to him his brother more nmeritorious or honorable service cannot be performed; and the and uncles, and showed their contents. His uncles then said, "My instant the anti-pipe and his cardinals shall larn you are advancing lord, call to you the knights from England, and demand the cause o; -against them with a large army, they will surrender themselves to their coming hither." The king did so, and the knights were asked.,our nmeircy. the purport of their credential letters. Sir Thomas, in reply, said: The king listened attentively to this, and said he would consider "Dear sire, it is the wish of our lord the king of Ergland, that his CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 531 msost confidential counsellors, such as his uncles of Lancaster, York, the king of England, has been passed by, and we would willingly or Gloucester, or some prelates of England of whom that country has know the reason of it." The king of France replied: " Sir Thomas, the best opinion for sense and prudence, should meet others of like the knight you have named, since you wish to know the cause of character, of your council, that they might consider on the means of his being overlooked, ought not to have taken part against us; for, forming a solid peace between you and him and your allies. This, had he been made prisoner in war, his ransom would have instantly if it could be effected, would give him such great satisfaction, that been paid by his death." On saying this, he raised up sir Thomas he would not complain of any trouble or pain his counsellors may Percy, and conversed on other matters. Shortly after, wine and endure, whom he shall send across the sea to Amiens, or any other spices were brought, which having partaken of at their pleasure, the appointed place, for the carrying on this negotiation; and we are embassadors took leave of the king, returned to their lodgings, and come hither from our lord to propose this matter, and to learn your paid the amount of their expenses. On the morrow, they departed intentions upon it." The king replied, "Sir Thomas, you and your from Paris, and continued their journey to England, where they recompanions are welcome, and your visit has given us very great plea. lated to the king and his uncles everything that had passed, greatly sure. You will not leave Paris immediately: in the mean time, we extolling the king of France's magnificent entertainments, and the will assemble our council, and, before your departure, you shall have rich gifts he had made them. such answer as shall be satisfactory to you." The English were We will, for a while leave speaking of England, and say what was well pleased with this reply, and the king entered on other matters passing in Castille. You have heard of the alliance between the king of conversation. It was now dinner-time; and the English knights of Castille and the duke of Lancaster, who had claimed that crown were detained to dine in the Louvre, and given in charge to the lord in right of his duchess, the lady Constance, eldest daughter of the de Coucy and the lord de la Riviere, who led them into a very richly late don Pedro, by whom he had a beautiful daughter, that was marornamented apartment, where a table was spread for them. They ried to don Henry, prince of Galicia, heir to the crown of Castille. dined well, and at their leisure, the lord de Coucy and the constable This marriage confirmed the peace between them. About two keeping them company. When dinner was over, they went into years after the celebration of these nuptials, king John of Castille the king's apartment, and staid until wine and spices were brought departed this life, and was buried in the city of Burgos.* On this in splendid comfit boxes of gold and silver. -After the knights had event, the great barons and prelates of the realm assembled, and departaken of these, they took leave of the king and his lords, and dlared their intentions to have for their king the young prince of descended into the court, where they mounted their horses and re- Galicia. This was done, and the prince was crowned in the ninth turned to their lodgings. year of his age: his queen was six years older. Thus was the The proposals sir Thomas Percy had brought from England were daughter of the duke of Lancaster, by the lady Constance, queen of exceedingly agreeable to the king of France, to his uncle the duke Castille, and of all the possessions of don Pedro, don Henry, and don of Burgundy, and to others of his council; but not to all, especially John, excepting those parts which had been assigned to the duke and to those who were interested concerning the pope of Avignon. They duchess of Lancasterfor their joint lives. They had, besides, a penforesaw, that if negotiations were once begun between the two sion of one hundred thousand florins, for which four of the most crowns, it would require a long time to bring them to a conclusion, opulent cities in Castille were pledged. The duke of Lancaster had and thus retard the expedition that was intended against Rome, to the pleasure of seeing his two daughters queens of Castille and reduce pope Boniface and his cardinals to the obedience of pope Portugal. Clement. The object of peace, however, was so welcome to all We will now speak of the expedition made by John count d'Ar. parts of Christendom, and would be of such advantage to every magnac in Lombardy, for the matter requires it. country, that no one dared to say anything against it. Besides, the duke of Burgundy and his council, and the duke of Bourbon, were unanimous in their opinion with the king. The king of France C H A P T E R XXVI. showed much attention to sir Thomas Percy and his companions; but there was one knight among them, called sir Robert Bricquet, OF THE EXEDITION OF COUNT JOHN DAMANAC INTO LOMBARDY. IS whom he did not see with pleasure, for he was a Frenchman, had DEATH, AT THE SIEGE OF ALEXANDRIA. always been of the party of England or Navarre, and was now a THE intention of the count d'Armagnac to lead an army into Lon. knight of the king of England's chamber. The king prudently dis- bhardy has been already mentioned in this history. His object was sembled his thoughts; but, when he conversed with them, he always to assist his sister-german and her husband, sir Bernabo Visconti, addressed himself to sir Thomas Percy, sir Lewis Clifford, or to sir eldest son of that Bernabo whom the duke of Milan had unnaturally John Clanvow. The king said, "We shall be happy to see a solid put to death. This duke was Galeas Visconti, count de Vertus, peace established between our adversary of England and us, for the whose daughter the duke of Touraine had married. The lady of sir war and quarrel has lasted too long a time; and I wish you to un- Bernabo was daughter to sir John d'Armagnac, and, being in great derstand that it shall be no way our fault if the negotiations be not fiction, had recourse to her brothers, to whom she related the misery happily concluded." "Sire," replied the knights, "our lord the king of her situation, her poverty and necessity, and humbly prayed their of England, who has sent us hither, has the same peaceable inclina- pity, and that they would defend her against that tyrant, the count tions, and said, on our departure, that it should not be to his blame de Vertus, who had disinherited her without the smallest reason. if these wars and dissentions were not put an end to, for they had The count d'Armagnac promised his sister that he would comply lasted too long; and he was much surprised sorte prudent means with her request, and had declared, that whatever it might cost him had not been sooner thought of for this purpose." "Well," replied to recover her rights, he would exert himself in the attempt to the the king, "we shall see what good affection he bears us." utmost of his power. What he had engaged to do, he performed; The English remained at Paris six days, and dined every day with for I have before mentioned, that in conjunction with the dauphin one or other o" the dukes. In the mean time, the matter of their d'Auvergne, he had entered into treaties with many of the captains coming had been debated in council, and it was settled that the king of forts in Auvergne, Limousin, Quercy, or other parts, who, under of France, his uncles, and his cabinet-council, should be at Amrniens color of fighting for the king of England, had done the greatest misthe middle of March, and wait there for the king of England, his chiefs to France. These garrisons of English, Gascons, and Breuncles and council, if they were willing to meet them. The Eng- tons, received different sums, and a pardon from France, on surrenlish knights engaged, that on their side there should not be any de- dering their castles and quitting the kingdom. They readily, therelay, and that some of the king's uncles, if not all, would be at Amiens fore, engaged to follow the count d'Armagnac into Lombardy, and on the appointed day. Thus was this business concluded; and the retired until the proper time toward the rivers Rhine and Saone. day before the embassadors were to take leave of the king and quit The dukes of Berry and Burgundy permitted them to take what pur. Paris, he went to the palace, and magnificently entertained at dinner veyances they pleased in their lordships, for they were very desirous these English lords: his brother and uncles were present: he made to be rid of them. The lieutenant of the king of France for Dausir Thoma:.Percy sit at his table, calling him cousin, from his rela- phiny was at that time sir Enguerrand Duidin, and the king had tionship with the earl of Northumberland. written to him to permit all men-at-arms and their companions, who During the dinner, sir Thomas Percy and his companions were should say they belonged to the count d'Armagnac, to pass freely presented with rich and handsome jewels, all but sir Robert Bricquet: through Dauphiny, and to have whatever they might be in need of, he was passed unnoticed. The knight, who presented them in the for their money. name of the king, (sir Peter Villiers, high steward of the household) The count de Foix, hearing at his residence at Orth/s of the large said to him: "When you shall have done service acceptable to the armament the count d'Armagnac was raising, began to be alarmed, king, he is rich enough to reward you for it;" and then passed by. for he was of a suspicious temper. He had indeed learnt, for comSir Robert was melancholy on hearing this speech, and then first mon report flies everywhere, that it was intended for Lombardy learnt he was disagreeable to the king of France: he was therefore against the duke of Milan; but as the ancestors of this count d'Ar. forced to put up with the slight as well as he could. When dinner magnac, and himself and his brother sir Bernard, had been at war was over, and they had washed and the tables were removed, grace with him, he was doubtful if this expedition might not in the end having been said, minstrels of song and others were called in, who be directed against him. Not to be unprepared, therefore, he had performed, as usual, before the king and his company. After this, reinforced and revictualled all his castles, that if they should make sir Thomas Percy advanced, and, casting himself on his knee, said: an attack, he might be enabled to meet them. But neiter the count "Very dear sire, I and my companions are much surprised at one d'Armagnac nor his brother had such thoughts: they were desirous thing. You have most splendidly entertained us, and presented us * King John died from the injuries received in a fall from his horse, on the 24th Auwith rich gifts, for which we feel very thankful; but sir Rober Bric- gustt 1390, aged thirty-two. His son Henry. who succeeded him. was then leusyearm eaet, who is a knight-at.arms, and chamberlain to our sovereign lord old. —ltD. 535 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. strictly to observe Lhe truce now established between them. Many We will continue our history of the count John d'Armagnac* until knights and squires from Gascony, England, and Brittany, who had we bring it to a conclusion, without speaking of other events. It was engaged their services to the count d'Armagnac, had he declared war his great love and affection for his sister and brother, who had been against the count de Foix, would have left him and joined his adver- fraudulently disinherited by the count de Vertus, who styled himself sary: so much was the count de Foix beloved by men-at-arms for lord of Milan, that had induced him thus gayly to march into tho his liberality and courage. plains of Piedmont and Lombardy. There were, likewise, two very When the duchess of Tournine was informed that the count d'Ar- just reasons for this armament; one was, the carrying away such magnac was preparing to lead a large body of men-at-arms into Lom- numbers of pillagers, who had for so long a time oppressed and robbed hardy to make war on her father the duke of Milan, and that the many of the provinces in France, for by this means the country was dukes of Berry and Burgundy consented, from their desire to rid the cleared of them: the other to assist his sister and her husband, who kingdoi.. of so many pillagers which had of late so grievously ha-. had unjustly been deprived of their inheritance, so that hlie had, on rassed it, she did not remain idle, but instantly wrote letters to the every account, justice on his side. The companions were unanimous count de Vertus to give notice of it, that he might provide himself to serve him, and exclaimed, "Let us cheerfully attack these Lonaccordingly. The duke of Milan was already informed of this in- bards: we have a just quarrel and a good captain, which will assist tention of the count aArmagnac, and had collected men-at-arms our cause, and we are going to the richest country in the world; for wherever he could find them, and reinforced his towns and castles Lombardy receives the fat from other parts; and, as the Lombards with men, stores, and provision, concluding he should have a war to are rich and cowards, we shall gain great profit. We, who are cap. support against this count d'Armagnac. tains, shall return so enormously rich, that we need never more think About the middle of March, the greater part of the men-at-arms of war, nor carry on any future warfare." were assembled in the country near Avignon: between that place Such were the conversations on their march; and when they came and Lyons, on the banks of the Rhtne, were fifteen thousand horse. to a rich country they halted there for some time, to refresh them They crossed that river where it was easiest to pass, and, entering selves and their horses. At the time I am now speaking of, that galDauphiny, took up their quarters in the villages or fields. Others lant English Iknight, sir John Hactonde,t was making war on the continued their route, the more speedily to clear the passes of the Florentines for pope Boniface, and had fixed his quarters in the mountains, which are dangerous for man and horse. The count neighborhood of Florence. That country as well as Perugia were d'Armagnac, his brother, with other knights, visited pope Clement in rebellion against the pope. The count d'Armagnac thought if he and his cardinals at Avignon, and offered to serve them and the could gain the assistance of John Hawkwood, who was a most en. church against the tyrant of Lombardy, for which they felt them- terprising and courageous knight, he should be more successful in selves obliged, and returned many thanks. They staid at Avignon his war. In consequence, during his residence in Grande,t at the eight days, while their troops passed: they then took leave of the entrance into Piedmont, he wrote to him long letters, explanatory of pope and cardinals, and made ready to follow them. The two his situation, and the reasons which urged him to make war on the brothers, sir John and sir Bernard d'Armagnac, here separated, and duke of Milan. Having properly sealed these letters, he gave them thus sir John addressed him: "Fair brother, you will now return to a prudent messenger, who performed his duty well, in delivering to Comminges and Armagnac, to guard our lands, for all the forts them to sir John Hawkwood: he was then near Florence, and had are not yet free from the marauders. There is Lourde, which sir under his command full two thousand combatants. He read the Arnaute de BWarn holds in the name of the king of England; and letters, or had them read to him. On hearing their contents, he was Bouteville is garrisoned by Foixens under the command of sir John well pleased, and replied, "that as soon as he should have put an de Greilly, son to the late captal de Bach. Notwithstanding there end to the war he was then engaged in, he would not attend to any is a truce between the count de Foix and us for the present, he is other before he had joined the count d'Armagnac." The squire of so bold and enterprising a knight, that we are never sure what his the count, who had brought these letters, was an honorable man, and intentions may be; and for these reasons I wish you to return in- replied, "Sir, you speak vell and to the point: have the goodness stantly home. You shall hear very frequently from me during my to put into writing what you say, that my lord, the count d'Armagnac, absence, and do you write constantly." Sir Bernard readily consent- may be the more assured of your intentions." "Very willingly," ed to what his brother had proposed, for he thought it prudent and said sir John Hawkwood; "and it is but right, since my pleasure well advised: he had not, besides, any great inclination to cross the and will are to meet him." In the course of two or three days, the mountains. Just on his departure, the count said: "Bernard, you letters were written and given to the squire who had come from the will go hence to our cousin Raymond de Touraine, who has married count d'Armagnac. He instantly set out on his return, and found my cousin the daughter of the prince of Orange, and is now engaged the count near to Pignerol.~ There were great negotiations going in war with the comt6 Venaissain, that belongs to the pope: entreat forward between him and the marquis de Saluces, and the marquis of him, for I have been so requested by the pope, that he make his was to join him in his war against Milan. The news the squire brought preparations to follow me in this expedition, and he shall be my com- from sir John Hawkwood was highly agreeable to the count d'Arpanion in all things: I will wait for him at Gap,* situated among the magnac. He said, "that if it pleased God, he would this season mountains." Sir Bernard promised to convey this message, and the make so severe a war on the count de Vertus, that he should be glad brothers separated, never to see each other again. to accept of reasonable terms, or he would perish in the attempt." The count d'Armagnac took the road leading to the town of Gap From what you have heard, you may suppose the count dArmagand sir Bernard that to the castle of Boulogne, where sir Rymot nac had a great desire to aid his sister, and it was compassion for her andTourniBerresidedtwho the cateivBulge, wimere knl.Sir Brnarmd de Touraine resided, who received him very kindly. Sir Bernard that urged him to it. When his men-at-arms had passed the monuneloquently delivered the message from his brother, to induce him the tains, and had gained the rich plains of Piedmont, near to Turin, they more readily to comply with the request contained in it. Sir Raymond vere not long before they made excursions, and committed groat were not long before they made excursions, and committed great replied, "Fair cousin, before your brother, the count d'Armagnac, desucon on the suounding vllas, whch cod not any way shall have advanced far into Lomnbardy, or laid siege to any town, it withstand them. The count d'Armaguac laid siege to Astill intendIitwithstand them. The count d'Armagnac laid siege to Asti,[] intend. is very possible that I follow him; but it is full time as yet for me and g to wait there for Sir John Hawwood. Purvyances cane from my people to begin our march. If my cousin therefore sends me in all quarters; and the companions ransomed emall forts for provisIm~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~l quarers and, ni thei comantos wrensuppled, smaey fotook evrythingawy telligence about the middle of May, I will set out, for by that time ion, and, until their wants were spplied, they took everything away. The country of Pignerol and the territories of the marquis of Monthoe o ak a ndofmywa aans m ucl, h ppeat3vg ferrat were open to their foraging for themselves and horses. There non, and his cardinals, who not only refuse me justice, but detain from me, by force, everything that my uncle, pope Gregory, disposed came likewise great quantities of provision to them from Dauphiny of in my favor. They thin to tire me out and excommunicate me and Savoy. Many leant to the count d'Armagnac from the justice ofbut thein my shall mistakenvor. They engage knights and squires' of his quarrel with the count do Vertus, who had wickedly put to but they shalt be mistaken. They engage knights and squires todathiuneBraboginisneiace;naloghsv make war on me, by granting them absolutions, but such hav'e no make war on mne, by graniting them absolutions, but such have no death his uncie Bernabo, to gain his inheritance; and, although several of the great lords of that country were silent on the subject, they talents for war; and I shall have more effective men-at-arms for a ral of the great lords of that country were silent on the suject, the thousand florins, than they can obtain by their absolutions for seven felt mach compassion for those who had been thus disinherited. years." "1 My good cousin," answered sir Bernard, " Ikeep to your During the siege of Asti, very agreeable news was brought to the count d'Armagnmac from sir John Hawkwood. He informed him, resolutions: what you say is true; and I would not, by any means, cout d'Arm ac from sir John awkwood. He informed him, advise you to act otherwise than you do: just as you have spoken that the Florentines and Venetians had submitted to the mercy of will I write to my brother d'Armagnac." the pope; that he was to be paid sixty thousand florins, for himself They wore one whole day together, in the castle of Boulogne. and his companions; and that, the moment these were received, he On the morrow, sir Bernard d'Armagnac departed, and crossing the would march with five hundred men-at-arms and a thousand infanwoudowarch wthe frtivehnred ofmenoa,- r and, whetherusandne ie faoul Rhfne at the Pont du Saint Esprit, rode over the mountains, through try towd the frontiers of Genoa, and, whether his eneies ould -,uercy, until he reached his destination, leaving his brother to man- or not, he intemded to morce a passage tojomn him. The count d'Arage for himself his war with the count de Vertus. Before, however, magnac and his army, were much pleased at the thoughts of being he left Pont du Saint Esprit, he wrote letters to the count d'Armagnac, to inform him of the answer he had received from sir Raymond nabo Jt t. ofArmagsac. His sister had nanied Charles Vi de Touraine, and had also letters from his brother, on his road to- t "Sir John Hactonde." Sir John Hawkwood. ward Gap. Having read their contents, he pursued his journey with-: "Grandes —in the MSS. Granido. G. Grenoble. The cour of Armagnac entered out farther attending to them. Itaty is July, 1391. ~ "Pignerot" —an episcopal town of Piedmont,at tthe entrance of the valley ofPereuse ll"Asti," —an ancient town of Piedmont, five leagues N. E. from Albi, eight S. W * "Gap" —aa ancient city in Datuphiny, capital of the Gapentoiz, generality of Gre- from Casal. sobto ~ Af3ile Bri/.sms. A the usand soldiers armed with loigandiseu. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 633 assisted by so able a commander as John Hawkwood; and he was those who had before spoken to him, "you must be very cautious advised to break up the siege of Asti, and transfer it to a larger town how you act, for they are sixteen thousand horse at least antid. should called Alexandria, situated at the entrance of Lombardy, and, after they discover you in the open plain, they will surround and over they should have conquered it, to advance to Vercelli, which is also power you by their numbers, without striking a blow." The knight a large and handsome city. The siege was, in consequence, trans- answered, "We will consider more of it; for, since we are come, we ferred from Asti to Alexandria, which is a fine city, and seated in a must attempt some deeds of arms." The conversation now ended rich plain on the frontiers of Piedmont and Lombardy, in the direct and every one returned to his home; but the knight told his men, road to Genoa. The men-at-arms had crossed the Tesino, and secretly, he intended making a sally and placing an ambush, that al' lodged themselves at their ease in this plentiful country. might be prepared'against the morrow. Sir Galeas, lord of Milan,* count de Vertus, resided in the city of The next day, sir James de la Berme and his troops being armed, Pavia, and daily heard of his enemies establishing themselves in his made a sally through a private gate, on the opposite side of the town country: but his greatest surprise was, how the count d Armagnac to the place where the besiegers lay. He was accompanied. at the found money to satisfy the large body of men-at-arms he had brought distance of half a league, by about three hundred of the townsmen, with him. His council, with whom he conversed on this subject, to a narrow valley where they could not oe seen. He had left two replied, "Sir, these are free companions, and part of those pillagers hundred without the barriers, with orders, if they were attacked to who have so long harassed France: they do not require pay, but to defend themselves faintly, retreating toward this valley, where they seek adventures, and run the chance of gain firom plundering the would be supported by the ambuscade. They promised punctual country. In order to deliver France from them, after the surrender obedience to these orders. The day was exceedingly hot; but the of their strongholds, the count d'Armagnac leads them hither. The count d'Armagnac was youna and enterprising: having heard mass duke of Berry and the dauphin of Auvergne, whose lands they had in his pavillion and drank a cup, he demanded his arms, and, having sorely oppressed, treated with them by means of the count d'Armag- completely equipped himself, displayed only his pennon, and was nac, who offered the king of France and the above-mentioned lords attended by no more than one hundred men; for he did not expect to engage them in his quarrel with you. By dint of money he pur- to meet with greatir opposition than usual, and advanced at a slow chased their forts; and the king of France granted them a free par- pace toward the barriers. True it is, that some few men-at-arms don for all their past deeds, on condition they joined the count d'Ar- followed himni by degrees; but others said, "What signiiesarming? magnac; and whatever they could conquer in these countries was to and why should we give ourselves so much trouble, when 6v, cannot be their own. They, therefore, ask no pay; and there are among meet with any one at the barriers worth fighting with?" Theystaid, them men-at-arms that have five or six horses, who, if in their own therefore, within their camp, eating and drinking. The count d'Ar country, would be constrained to go on foot like absolute paupers. magnac, on coming to the barriers, began to overthrow and beat down They adventure themselves boldly, and it is hazardous to engage many of those posted there to receive him, as good men-at-arms with them, for they are all of determined courage. The best advice know how to do; but the townsmen did not wait long, before they we can give is, that you guard well your cities and principal towns, began to retreat slowly toward the ambuscade. which are stronglygarrisoned and well provided with all things; for When sir James de la Berme saw it was time, lie sallied forth out they have no artillery, nor any machines for carrying on a siege of the ambush, and the Armagnacs were surrounded and attacked worth thinking of. They will advance to the barriers of your towns on all sides. They valiantly defended themselves, and were reinto skirmish and do gallant deeds of arms; but they will not gain any- forced by little and little with men from the camp. Mhny gallant thing you may regret, if one may judge by what has passed, for they seeds were done this day, which was the feast oif St. James and St. have now been in:this country more than two months, and have only Christopher. It was so very hot, that those who bore arms thought conquered a small and insignificant fort. Let them therefore come they were in an oven, for there was not any wind; and thile young and go, without offering them combat; for they will soon be tired of men-at-arms were overpowered by the heat, and unable to exert the war, and will be defeated without a battle. When they have themselves. Add to this, that the force of the lord de Milan was destroyed all the low countries, they will be in want of provision, and three to one of the Armagnacs. The dust oppressed them so much, famine will force them to return, if no worse accidents befal them. they could not see each other; but the Armagnacs, in this, suffered You must order your men-at-arms to keep in bodies near to each the most. This was an unfortunate day for the count, who was so other, that, in case of need, they may succor and give advice to overcome by the heat, and near fainting, that he withdrew fr'om the those of the garrisons who may want it. Reinforce with them all battle, without friend or foe knowing whither he was gone. He had your towns and castles; for the rich citizens are not accustomed to retreated to a small grove of alders, through which ran a little brook; war, and will not defend themselves like knights or squires who and he no sooner felt his feet in the water, than he tlhought hlie was have been brought up to the profession. Send some of your chivalry in paradise, and seated himself by the side of the stream. He, with into Alexandria.: you will gain doubly by it, for your city will be some difficulty, took off his helmet, and remained covered only by more ably defended, and your subjects will love you with greater the linen scull-cap, and then plunged his face in the wvater, at the affection when they see you are attentive to them in their distress. same time, unfortunately, drinking large draughts; for he was thirsty You are besides bounden to do this, for they pay you taxes and other from the heat, and could not quench it. He drank so much, that his Lvies, for your governing and taking care of them. Your enemies blood was chilled, and a numbness of limbs seized himn, with a strong cannot have a sufficient force to surround Alexandria on all sides, inclination to faint. He could not move, and lost the use of speech. and prevent the men-at-arms you shall send thither from entering the His attendants knew not what was become of himil, and were the own; and, when the inhabitants shall see them arrive, their courage more uneasy, because many prisoners had been made: they there will be raised, their attachment to you increased, and any treaties fore ceased fighting. they might have thought of entering into with your enemies will be A short time after this, a squire belonging to the duke of Milan put an end to." perceived thie count d'Armagnac, and wondered much, when he saw The lord of Milan followed the advice that had been given him, him, who he could be; for it was visible he must be some knight or and without delay, sent thither a body of knights and men-at-arms rman of' high rank: he called out, "Who are you? Surrender; for that were in his pay On being mustered,,hey amounted to five you are my prisoner." The count heard him, but could not make oundred lances; and an ancient knight, who had long been used any answer, as he was unable to articulate, but held out his hand, to arms, called sir James de la Berme,t was appointed their coin- and made signs that he surrendered. The squire then endeavored mander. They rode through bye-ways until they arrived at Alexan.- to raise him, but, finding his attempts vain, seated himself beside dria in the evening, and entered it, when their enemies had retired him, while the skirmish was still continued, and many gallant acfatigued to their quarters, from skirmishing at the barriers, for they tions performed. could not remain idle. The citizens were rejoiced at the arrival of Sir James de la Berme, being a prudent and valorous knight, per. sir James de la Bermoe and his companions, and not without cause; ceiving the day was his own, and that many of the enemy were for the count d'Armagnac, not having seen any men-at.arms during killed and wourided, but that his men were growing weary, and the the three days he laid before it, concluded none were in the town, Armagnacs increasing by fresh men from their camp, ordered a reand had kept up a continual assault at the barriers; but, small as the treat to Alexandria, his men vigorously defending themselves as they defence was, it had done so well, that the Armagnacs had not gained retired. The squire, who had fortunately found the count d'Armagany advantage. Sir James de la Berme, on entering the town, re- nac in the state I have mentioned, unwilling to leave him behind, tired with his men to the lodgings which had been assigned them, for hie thought him a person of distinction, called to some of his comand, having taken some refreshment, they were waited on by the panions to assist in carrying him to the town; and declared, that principal inhabitants, to congratulate them on their arrival. IHe in- whatever he should receive for his ransom, he would handsomely quired into the state of the town, and the numbers and situation of divide with them for the trouble they would have. They complied the enemy, in order that he might act accordingly. The most intel- with his request, and, with some difficulty, carried him to the squire's ligent replied, "that from the moment the count d'Armagnac had lodgings in the city, where the count was disarmed, undressed, and comeo, there had never been any cessation of skirmishes and attacks put to bed. By this time, sir James de li Bernie had, with hila men, on the barriers." "Well," replied the knight, "to-morrow if it please reentered the place, and barricaded the bars and gates, having man> God, we will see how they bear themselves, and what they may be prisoners with them They disarmed and refreshed themselves w:vth.inclined t~ do. They are ignorant of my arrival, and I will lay arm what they found at their quarters, as did likewise the Armnaglacs: ambush (c'them, and make a private sally." " Ah, my lord," said who had been at this sitirmish, on their return to the army..... When it was mentionmed in the camp that no one knew wvhat was;:He'nv'ted t'u)e of Milan 1395, by Winceslaus king of the Roinans. —Diat. become of the count d.riagnac, they were nlcl'm alaremed, aid isE!;I~PC~,~~~ ~ ladeo as Jmo~uesl~ deS Verr~e. i some went to search the places in the neighblorhlood where the s~kir 5.34 CHRONICLES OF ENGLANI: FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. mish had been fought; but, to the great dismay of their companions, they returned without having discovered any traces of him. The CHAPTER XXVII. squire, into whose hands he had fallen, desirous to know who he was, addressed himself to a Gascon squire, a man of honor that had THE KING OF ENGLAND IS ANXIOUS TO MAKE A PEACE WITH FRANCE. TRE DUKE OF GLOUCESTER THROWS OBSTACLES IN THE WAY. SIR PETER DIR been made prisoner, and begged of him to accompany him, with the pe.rson who had captured him, to his lodgings. They went thither, FORMERLY THE FAVORITE OF KING CHARLES AND HIS BROTHER and the Lornbardy squire led the Gascon to his chamber, where the THE DUtE OF TOURAINE, INCURS THEIR HATRED, AND TAKES REFUGE count d'Ariagnac lay, bitterly bemoaning. He brought a candle WITH THE DUKE OF BRITTANY. near his face, and said to the Gascon, "My friend, do you know Si Thomas Percy, as you have heard, was sent by the king of wvho this man is?" The Gascon, leaning down to examine his fea- England to propose a treaty of peace to the court of France, for king tures, instantly recognized him, and replied, " Yes, I ought to know him well; for it is our commander, the squire was rejoiced to hear his pris-,iljti 0 oner was of such distinction; but the r e a count was so very ill he heard nothing they asked of him. Upon which, his othe master said; "Conme, come, let us likave him quiet, that he may recover himself;" and they all quitted the charber. I-e died, however, that h s same night. When, on the morrow, ite was known that the count dAr- magnac'had died in his bed at Alexandria, sir James de la Berme would not that it should be made secret, but sent information of the event by some pe of' the prisoners to the camp, to see how they would act on the occasion. The whole army were in dismay on hearing their loss; for they had l Ilow no commander-in-chief to lookl, up to, as they were mostly all free.' companions. They therefore said, "L et us hastetn back to our own countries, for we have lost all opportunities of ganining anything here." It was soon known in. Alexandria that the h -' Armagnacs were in despair for the death of' the coaumt: they thersRone from iasn _ /-a/ftiro death of' thel count: they therefore RwCHamD t. lAND si TnHRRI UNCLES THE, DUKES oF LANCASTER, Yon.RK AND GLOUCESTER. From an illumination made a sally forom the town, advan- at the head of a most beautiful MS. Epistle, written by an old Monk of the order of the Celestines at Paris on the subject cing full gallop to the camp, shouting of the peace between France and England. and presented, (as shown by the drawing) by him to Richard. Royal MS. "Pavia for the lord of Milan'" Not 20. B. VI one of the Armagnacs made any defence, but allowed themselves to be slain, like wicked people as they were: the conquest was great, for Richard was very desirous to accomplish it. Two of his uncles, tilhe the army were so cast down, that they surrendered without striking dukes of Lancaster and York, were of his opinion; but his other a blhow, and throwing down their arms, made for Alexandria, whither uncle, Thomas of Woodstock, duke of Gloucester, earl of Essex and tile Germans, and other soldiers in the pay of the lord of Milan, drove Buckingham, and constable of England, would no way listen to it; their like a herd of cattle. This unexpected death of the count d'Ar- telling his friends secretly, that he would never agree to any peace nmagnac happened very unluckily for himself and his army. Had he with France, whatever negotiations might be taken in hand on the renliained quiet but five days, sir John Hawkwood would have arrived subject, if it were not an honorable rne; that all the towns, castles, with five hundred horse and one thoesand foot; and many valiant and lordships which were yielded to England, bul had since been deeds would have been doune by this knight and his men; but an fraudulently taken back, must be restored, and the sum of 1,400,000 end was now put to everything by this loss. firancs, which had remained unpaid by the French when they began You may suppose the count de Vertus was in high spirits on hear- the war, must also be paid down. He declared, that as long as he lng his enemnies, whom he greatly dreaded, were killed, made pris- lived he should never change these sentiments; in which he was orners or put to flight,' and that the count d'Armagnac was dead. He joined by many of the barons of England, particularly the earl of mo're dearly prized his knight, sir James de la Berme, through Arundel, who privately said the duke of Gloucester was in the right, whose prudence and valor this good fortune had befallen him. He though they dissembled their opinions in public from seeing how much appointed him conuiander-in-chief of his chivalry, and president of the king of England was bent upon peace. his council. The lbid of Milan considered how he should act to- The poorer knights and archers were of course for war, as their ward the prisoners; and, as he was anxious to free his country of sole livelihood depended upon it. When these things are considered, them, he behaved in the most courteous manner, giving to every and the claims of the French, it will be very clear nothing like peace gentleman a horse, and to the infantry one florin each, besides their could be concluded. The French demanded to have Calais destroyed, liberty, free of ransom; but he made them all take an oath that they and possession given them of the lordships of Guines, Hames, Merle would never more bear arms against him. and Oye, with the lands of Fretun and the dependencies of Guines Thus did this army return defeated from Lombardy and Piedmont, as far as the river that runs by Gravelines. True it is, the king of to Savoy and Dauphiny; but they were in the utmost distress, for France and his commissioners were willing to give up to the king of the iaclosed towns refused them admittance, and the gates of all cas- England and his heirs as many lands in Aquitaine, of equal or more des were shut against them. They had soon spent their florins, and value as to revenue than those they demanded; but the duke of it was necessary for them to work or starve. Some showed com- Gloucester made too firm an opposition to this article, saying, "The passion, and gave them money; but others, on the contrary, laughed French wish to pay us back with our own lands; for we have the at and abused them, saying, "Go, go seek your count d'Armagnac, charter of king John, sealed by him and his children, which gives up who has burst himself by drinking at a fountain near Alexandria." to us the whole of Aquitaine in fee simple. Whatever they have They were still worse off when they came to the rivers Rhbne and taken from it since, has been a fraud and a robbery; and their whole Saone, which they thought to cross without molestation; but it was attempt, night and d-ay, is to deceive us. Should Calais and the lands otherwise, for the king had commanded all the bridges and fords to they require be given up to them, they will be lords of the sea and be guarded against them. They fell now into the greatest poverty, attack our coasts. Never, therefore, so long as I live,;*ill I consent and were never after able to unite together. to peace with France on these terms." Thus was the armament of count John d'Armagnac destroyed, and At the time I am now speaking of, a knight of noble extraction, his sister remoalned in the same distressful state as before. The lord from Anljou and Brittany, was greatly in favor with the king of France, of Milan ordered the body of the count d'Armagnac to be embalmed, as well as with his brother the duke of Touraine. His name was sir put into a coffin, and escorted by a bishop of his country and such Peter de Craon, and of such power that nothing was done but wcib of is relations as had remained to his brother sir Bernard d'Armag-i his advice. He had been favorite of the late duke of Anjiou, king of' nac, who was much concerned at the melancholy event, but could] Sicily, and was immensely rich, which had given rise to tn~:ny scan_ so~t any way remiedy it. The count d'Armagnac was buried in the I dalous reports against him; for it was currently said ir n~ce, thril catnedral church of Rodez, where he lies, he had robbed the duke of Anjou. This caused hirr e,void i.}~ CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 53b presence of the young king of Sicily and the queen his mother; but cause. In the evening, he came to the duchess's apartments and he had managed to acquire the affections of the king of France and supped, showing her more affection than he had hitherto done, inso. the duke of Touraine. The constable sir Oliver de Clisson, was like- much that, by fair speeches and attentions, the duchess discovered wise in high favor with the king and his brother for the meritorious the author of her information concerning his intrigue to be sir Peter services he had done them in arms, and his brilliant actions during de Craon. the reign of the late king. Sir Oliver's daughter was married, as you The duke took no further notice of the matter, and, having passed have heard; to John of Brittany, brother to the queen-dowager of the night, on the morrow, at nine o'clock, mounted his horse, and Sicily; and his marriage had sorely displeased the duke of Brittany, went from the h6tel de St. Pol to the Louvre. The king was going who mortally hated the constable, considering both him and John of to hear mass, and received his brother affectionately; but perceiving Brittany as his secret enemies. He had often repented not having from his manner that he was angered, he said, "Fair brother, what put the constable to death when he had him in his castle of Ermine. ails you? you seem much agitated." "My lord, if I am I have good Sir Peter de Craon was a favorite with the duke of Brittany, being cause for it." "What is the matter?" said the king, "we wish to also his cousin, and, during the reign of his power with the king of know it." The duke, unwilling to hide his grief, told him, word France and the duke of Touraine, would willingly, had he been able, for word, everything that had passed, complaining bitterly of sir Peter have caused a quarrel between them and the constable. T'hus envies de Craon, and added: "My lord, if it were not for the love I bear and jealousies, which have always underhand ruled in France, con- you, and for my own honor, I swear on the faith I owe you I would tinue to act until they bring their favorites to an unfortunate end. have him slain." "Do no such thing," said the king; "we will The constable of France had been so loyal in his whole conduct order him, by our special counsellors, to quit instantly our palace, toward the crown, that he was beloved by all except thp, duke of for that we have no further need of his services; and do you the same Burgundy; and the hatred he bore him originated in the duchess, on your part." "That I intended," replied the duke of Touraine, who was a lady of a high spirit, and too nearly related to the duke who was satisfied with what the king had said. This same day, sir of Brittany to love the constable; besides, she continued the affec- Peter de Craon was told by the lord de la Riviere and sir John he tion of her father to all whom he loved, and hated those he had hated; Mercier, from the king, that he must no longer reside in the palace, such was her temper. Sir Peter de Craon, who at this time resided and instantly seek other lodgings. At the same time, sir John de at the court of France with the duke of Touraine, kept up a frequent Bueil and lord d'Ervaux, s6neschal ofTouraine, delivered him a sirn. correspondence with the duke of Brittany, they writing, in the most ilar message from the duke of Touraine. Sir Peter, seeing himself friendly manner to each other, concerning the state of their affairs. thus dismissed, was much ashamed and greatly angered: he could I am unable to describe the exact grounds of their correspondence; no way account for it, as the messenger had not declared to him the but I, John Froissart, author of this history, during the time of my cause of his disgrace. Being desirous of admittance to the presence residence at Paris, (which was when sir Peter de Craon made the of the duke, to learn firom him how he had angered him, he was told, daring attack, in the night-time, on the constable, who narrowly es- that neither the king nor the duke would hear anything he had to caped death, as I shall relate,) seeing public affairs likely to be much say. When he found his disgrace was resolved on, he packed up all troubled and turn out unfortunate, made many and frequent inquiries he wanted, and set out much dejected, from Paris, for a castle of his why sir Peter de Craon had so very suddenly lost the affections and in Anjou, called Sable*. He remained there for some time, but in favor of the king and the duke of Touraine. I had so often demanded very low spirits, from being driven from the palaces of France, Tou. the cause from those who ought to be acquainted with it, that at last raine and Sicily. He therefore determined, since their gates were I heard the truth of what was commonly believed to have occasioned shut against him, that he would retire to the duke of Brittany, and it. He was under the displeasure of the duke of Touraine, for having relate to him what had happened. revealed secrets intrusted to him by the duke, to the duchess; and, This he executed, and met the duke at Vannes, who received him if he did so he behaved shamefully. The duke was so fond of sir kindly. He had already heard what had befallen him, and sir Peter Peter de Craon that he made him his companion, dressed him in the again told him every particular that had passed, and that he was same clothes as himself, and carried him wherever he went, intrust- banished the court of France. The duke of Brittany, having heard ing him with all his most secret thoughts. The duke, at the time his story, replied, "Good cousin, make yourself easy: it is the lord young and amorous, much amused himself with the company of ladies de Clisson who has brewed this mischief for you." From this speech and damsels, and, as I heard, was particularly attached to a young a deadly hatred sprung, and greatly increased, as you will hear in frisky damsel of Paris. His intrigue was known and his secrets be- the course of this history. Sir Peter de Craon lived so long with the trayed, to the great vexation of the duke, who could not accuse any duke of Brittany, that he was forgotten in France; for the constable other of having done it but sir Peter de Craon; for to him alone the and the king's council never publicly mentioned his name. They duke had discovered it, and had led him with him when he visited did not like the duke of Brittany more for having invited and retained secretly this noble young lady. The duke was much smitten with him; but the duke was indifferent to the king of France's anger or her, and had proffered her, if she would consent to his wishes, one love, and provided all his towns and castles plentifully with stores thousand golden crowns; but she had refused them, saying, "That and provisions, plainly showing he cared not whether it was war or her love for him was not on account of his riches, but that his affec- peace between him and France. Everything he did was known to tion had won hers; and that she scorned to sell her honor for gold." the king and his council; and those most in the king's favor thought The whole of this business was told the duchess, who sent for the him presumptuous, and menaced him for his conduct. The duke young lady to her chamber. On her entering, she called her by her held their menaces cheap, and declared he would wage war on the name, and, with much anger, said, " How is this? do you seek to count de Penthievre in earnest, and on all his abettors, for he had wrong me with my lord?" The lady was thunderstruck, and, with just cause of quarrel. He said, " This count de Penthievre, our tears replied, "Oh no, madam: please God, I never will nor even cousin, signs himself John bf Brittany, as if he were our heir. We think of it."' It is not so," said the duchess; "for I am well in- have no objection to his signing John, for that is his name, or count formed, my lord and you love each other mutually; and the matter de Penthievre; but we are resolved he shall lay down the ermines,. is so far advanced, that, at such a time and place, he offered you a and title himself John of Blois, or of Chatillon, and bear none other thousand golden crowns to possess you. You refused them, for arms but those; if he refuse, we will force him to do it, and take which you behaved well, and this time I forgive you; but, I caution from him his lands, which he holds in vassalage from us. With reyou, if you value your life, not to have any further conversation with gard to the duchy of Brittany, he need not think of that, for we have my lord, but through your regard to me send him a dismissal." a son and a daughter who are our heirs. Let him seek some other The young lady, finding herself very justly accused and in some inheritance, for he will be disappointed in ours." Such were the danger, replied: Madam, I will free myself from him as soon as conversations of the duke with sir Peter de Craon, who, far from con-. possible, and henceforth so act that you shall never again hear any- tradicting any of his future plans, rather urged him on, from hatred. thing disagreeable of me." On this, the duchess permitted her to to the constable and council of France. depart, and she returnedl home. The dulke much in love, and igno- We will now leave this subject, and speak of a more melancholy rant of what had passed, went to the place where the lady resided; one relative to the count Guy de Blois, whom I have before mentione& but, on seeing him, she fled, and acted contrary to her usual manner, in this history as my great patron and master. showing dislike rather than love; for she was afraid to do otherwise, fromthe promises she had made to the duchess. The duke noticing such a difference in his reception, was very melancholy, and would CHAPTER XXVIII. know the cause of it. The young lady, with tears, said, "My lord, you have revealed to the duchess the offer you once made me, or, if THE DEATH OF THE YOUNG COUNT LOUIS DE CHASTILLON, SON TO COUN' not yourself, some one has done it for you: recollect yourself, for GUY OE BLOIS. THE SUDDEN DEATH OF GASTON COUNT DE FOtX. you are discovered. Madame de Touraine told me of it herself, and I HAVE already spoken of the marriage that took place between frightened me exceedingly; but she has this time forgiven me, on Louis de Chastillon, son of the count de Blois, and the lady Mary,., condition that I promised, on my oath, never again to give her cause daughter of the duke of Berry. In the settlements of this marriage,. for jealousy by any further conversation with you." The duke was the duke managed well for his daughter; for she had a dower of six. much vexed at hearing this speech, and said: "Fair lady, I swear thousand livres, French money, (which are well worth the same sum. on my faith, that I would rather have lost one hundred thousand of francs, reckoning them as florins) assigned her on the county of firancs, than have betrayed you to the duchess. Since you have given Blois, so that if she survived her husband, the county of Blois would; her a promise on oath, keep it; but, cost what it may, I will find out be obliged to pay her this sum annually during her life. Now it felt.: who has discovered our secrets." I-Ie then went away, and though he dissembled his agitation, he did not think the less-concerning the * The castles of Craon and Sabit are in Anjou, two leagues distant from la Flrcis 536 CHRONIC-LES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, oc. out, that about St. John Baptist's day, in the year of our L3rd 1391, the boy whom I have called Louis de Blois, son to the count de Blois, C H A P T E R X XI X. left his father at the chateau des Moutils,* situated in the county of SR EVN E FOIX, BASTARD-SON TO THE ATE COUNT, INTENDING TC. SIR E VAN DE FOIX, BASTARD-SON TO THE LATE COUNT, INTENDING- TC. Blois, and set out for Hainault to visit his mother and wife. Not CARY WAY PRIVATELY THE TREASURE OF IS FATHER, IS DISCO long after his arrival, he was seized withl a fever, for he had rode very ERED RY THE TOWNSMEN OF ORHES, VHO, HOWEVER, OMISE EER ERED RY THE TOWNSMEN OF ORTHiES, WHO, HOWEVER, PRlOMISE EVERY hard and the weather was hot: he was also of a tender age, being ASSISTANCE O HIM AND TO HIS BROTHER THAT IS NOT INCOMATIBL no more than fourteen years old, and, in spite of the physicians, he WITH THNE TRUE HEIR TO THE COUNT E FOIX, THE VISCOUNT DR CH WITH THE TRUE HEIR, TO THE COUNT DE FOIX, THlE VISCOUNT D)E CHAS.. died, for they could not check the fever. His parents, you may sup- TELON. TELBON. pose, were much grieved for the loss of their heir, as was the young lady of Berry: she loved him most affectionately, and considered SIR Evan de Foix left the inn at Rion with only two servants, and herself as nobly married. The count de Blois was uneasy at the con- rode in haste to Orthbs, where nothing was known of the count's sequences, for his affairs were rather in confusion, and he knew the death. He passed through the streets without speaking to any one, duke of Berry to be avaricious beyond measure, who, in order to or his errand being suspected, until he came to the castle, and called grasp at the dower of his daughter, would take possession of.the to the porter. The porter said, "What does my lord Evan want? county of Blois: he therefore awaited the event in silence. Where is my lord?" "He is at Rion," answered the knight, "and Thus were the two daughters, Bona and Mary, widowed in the has sent me to seek for some things that are in his chamber, and to same year. The eldest was married to Amadeus count of Savoy, return back to him. To convince you of what I say, look, here are who died very suddenly, and so mluch was said on the subject, that his tokens, his ring and knife. The porter, having eyed them through sir Otho Grandeson was near being arrested for the suspicions that a window, knew them well and opened the wicket, through which were laid to his charge, and forced to quit Savoy, France, and Ger- sir Evan entered, and his servants led the horses to the stable. When many, to fix his residence in England. sir Evan had passed the gate, he told the porter to fasten it; which In this year, died likewise suddenly, the noble and gallant count being done he seized the keys, and said to him, "Thou art a dead de Foix. I will say how it happened.t Trne it is, that of all the man, if thou do not obey me." The porter was frightened, and asked pleasures of this world he took most delight in the chase, and was the cause. "My lord and father is dead," said the knight, " and I always well provided with hounds of all sorts, having never less than wish to gain possession of his treasure before any one know of it." sixteen hundred. The count de Foix was at this season hunting in The porter obeyed, as it was necessary fotbr him to do; but he would the forest of Savaterre, on the road to Pampeluna in Navarre, not indeed have preferred that sir Evan should have the treasure to all far distant from Orthhs in Bearn. The day he died, he had all the other persons. Sir Evan knew well enough where it was deposited, forenoon been hunting a bear, and it was late in the evening when he in the great tower, but he had three pair of strong doors to open, and was taken and cut up. His attendants asked where he pleased to with separate keys, before he could gain admittance. These keys nave his dinner prepared: he said, "At the inn of Rion, where we he was unable for some time to find, as they were in a small long will dine, and in the cool of the evening ride to Orthhs. His orders box of fine steel, locked with a little steel key, which the count de were obeyed. The count with his companions rode a foot's pace Foix carried with him when he rode abroad: and it was found hang. toward the village of Rion, and dismounted at the inn. The count ing to a piece of silk which he wore over his shirt. The knights, went to his chamber, which he found ready strewed with rushes and who were watching the body'of the count at Rion, noticing this key, green leaves; the walls were hung with boughs newly cut, for per- could not imagine the use of it; but the chaplain of the count, sir fume and coolness, as the weather was marvellously hot, even for Nicholas de l'Escalle, being present, knew it well. He had been the month of August. He had no sooner entered this room, than he much loved by the count, who intrusted him with all his secrets, and, said "These greens are very agreeable to me, for the day has been when he had visited his treasure, had never taken anlly one but his desperately hot." When seated, he conversed with sir Espaign du chaplain with him. On seeing the key, he said, " Sir Evan will lose Lyon on the dogs that had best hunted; during which conversation his pains, for without this key he can never enter the treasury: this his bastard-son sir Evan, and sir Peter Cabestan entered the apart- opens a small steel casket in which the other keys are." The knights ment, as the table had been there spread. He called for water to were vexed at hearing this, and said, "Carry it to him, sir Nicholas: washI, and two squires advanced, Raymonet de Lasne and Raymonet you will act well by so doing, for it is better sir Evan should gain de Copane: Ernaudon d'Espaign took the silver basin, and another the treasure than any other: he is a good knight, and our late lord knight, called sir Thibaut, the napkin. The count rose from his loved him exceedingly." The chaplain answered, "Since you ad. seat, and stretched out his hands to wash; but no sooner had his fin- vise me, I will cheerfully do it;" and, instantly mounting his horse, gers, which were handsome and long, touched the cold water, than he hastened with the key to the castle of Orthis, where sir Evan was he changed color, from an oppression at his heart, and, his legs ftil- very melancholy at not finding the keys, and at the impossibility of ing him, fell back on his seat, exclaiming, "I am a dead man: Lord forcing the loclks of the doors, as they were very strong, and he had God, have mercy on me!" He never spoke after this, though he did not any instruments for the purpose. While he was in this distress, not immediately die, but suffered great pain. The knights present and sir Nicholas on the road to assist him, it was known in Orthis and his son were much terrified: they carried him gently in their (I know not whether by inspiration, or from women and servants arms to another chamber, and laid him on a bed, covering him well, returning from Rion) that the count de Foix, their lord, was no morer thinking he was only chilled- This was very afflicting news, for the count was greatly beloved The two squires who had brought water to wash in the basin, said, by all ranks. The whole town was in motion, and met in the pub. to firee themselves from any charge of having poisoned him, "Here lic square,where they conversed together on the subject. Some who is the water: we have already drank of it, and will now again in your had noticed sir Evan ride up the town, said, " We saw sir Evan do presence," which they did, to the satisfaction of all. They put into Foix gallop toward the castle, and he seemed much distressed.":his mouth bread, water, and spices, with other comforting things, but Others replied, "Without doubt, what we have heard is true; for it to no purpose, for in less than half an hour he was dead, having sur- is not usual for him to ride without his father." As the men of rendered his soul very quietly. God, out of his grace, was merciful Orthhs were thus conversing and murmuring, the chaplain, sir Nicheto him. las, fell into their hands. They surrounded him to inquire the news, You may imagine all present were exceedingly afflicted at what and said, "Sir Nicholas, how fares my lord? they tell us he is dead t had happened: they fastened the door of the chamber, that his house- is it true? "No," replied the chaplain: "he is not dead, but most hold miight not instantly be made acquainted with his death. The dangerously ill; and I am hastening to seek for some things that knights, seeing sir Evan lamenting and wringing his hahds, said to may do him good, which I shall return with to him." On saying this, him, "Evan, the business is over: you have lost your father and lord. he passed on to the castle. Having gained admittance, sir Evan We know that he loved you in preference to all others. Take care was rejoiced at his arrival, for without the small key he could never of yourself: mount your horse, ride and gain possession of the castle have entered the tower. of Orthos, and the treasure within it, before any one know of your I will say how the townsmen behaved. They began to suspect -lord's death." Sir Evan made them a low reverence, and replied: the death of the count had been hid from them, and said among them. ~ Gentlemen, I return you many thanks for the friendship you now selves, "It is now night, and we hear nothing certain of our lord's;show me; I trust I shall not forget it; but tell me what are my lord's health, from his officers or secretaries. Sir Evan and his chaplain, -tokens, or I shall not gain admittance into the castle." "You say who was his confidential secretary, have entered the castle: let us true;" answered the knights: "talke them." This he did. The guard that place this night, and to-morrow we shall have certain:tokens werea small golden ring the count wore on his finger, and a news. We will send privately to Rion to inquire how things are;'ittle'knife with which he sometimes cut his meat at table. These for we know that the greater part of our lord's treasure is in the cas. were-the tokens the porter of the castle at Orthhs was acquainted tle, and if lie be robbed or defrauded of any part of it, we shall be ~with, and had he not seen them he would never have opened the gate. blamed. We must therefore be on our guard concerningwhat passes." "That is true," replied others, who thought the advice good. They ~*';Los Moutils." —a vilagae in the Blesois, diocese ofBlois. instantly surrounded the castle, and placed sufficient guards at all t GaCton de Foix was borns in 1331, and died in 1391. His character is nowhere better the gates of the town, so that no one could enter or go out without <;delineated than in the pages of Froissart: from them posterity have formed their judg- permission; and this strict watch they continued until the morrow. insent. One accomplishment, however, he'has left unrecorded: Gaston was a poet, or at least a rhymes, for the verses he hasleftlbehind him do not display much of the poetic The truth was now known of the count's death, and caused the fifire; but the sccomplishmentofverse-making was considered a necessary part ofa Pro- greatest tribulation among the inhabitants of all descriptions, for he venagl gentlemnan's education, and accrdingly we find that Phozbus possessed it. This wats much beloved by his subjects. The guards were now double~d.- eurname, or rather sobrq'quret, is not well accounted for; some satS it was given from his and the principal townsmen drew up before the castle.' love for the chase, others from his fair.comgplexion, and others t1em his choice of the sun aEb.hisarmorialbearings. —E When sir Evan de Foix saw, from the castle of Orthms, the man CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 537 ner in which the townsmen had drawn themselves up, and that the ing around it. night and day, twenty-four large wax tapers, which death of the count was known to them, he said to the chaplain, "Sir were held by as many varlets; twenty-four being employed on this Nicholas, I have failed in my attempt: I can never go hence without service during the day, and the like number of others during the night., leave of the inhabitants, for they know my father is dead, and their The death of the count de Foix was now public in various places, numbers are every moment augmenting. I must humble myself to and more were sorry than rejoiced; for he had made, in his lifetime, them, for force will be of no avail." "You say well," replied the innumerable valuable gifts, and was beloved by all who were acchaplain: "you will gain more by civil words than by harsh oies: quainted with him. Even pope Clement showed much concern on go, and speak to them, but act cautiously." Sir Evan went to a hearing it; notwithstanding the difficulties the count had, for a long tower near the gale, which had a window looking over the bridge to time, thrown in the way of the marriage of his cousin, the lady Jane the square where the townsmen were assembled. It was in this of Boulogne, now duchess of Berry. The bishop of Pamiers was at tower the lady Jane of Boulogne was brought up and educated, until this time resident at Avignon; for he was afraid of living in his she became duchess of Berry, as hasbeen already noticed in this diocese, from the hatred the count de Foix bore him. Although they history. were relations, and the count had made him a bishop, he incurred Sir Evan opened the window of the tow er, and called to him some the count's disgrace, from his attempts to extend his jurisdiction to of the principal inhabitants, who advanced on the bridge to hear what the prejudice of the count. The pope sent for him to the palace, and he had to say. He thus addressed them aloud: "Good people of Or- said, "Bish_ - of Pamiers, your peace is made: the count de Foix is th~s, I know but too well why you are thus assembled and sorrowful: dead." The bishop was well pleased to hear it, and, in a few days, you have good cause for it. I therefore most earnestly entreat, for set out from Avignon, for his bishopric in the county of Foix. the love you bore my late lord and father, that you will not be dis- When intelligence of the count's death was carried to the court of pleased nor angered, if I have hastened to take possession of this France, the king, his brother, and the duke of Bourbon were grieved castle and what is contained within it, for I mean nothing but what thereat, for his many good qualities. The council addressed the king: is just. You know the great affection my lord and father had for me, "Sire, the county of Foix is. now yours by lawful succession; for, and that he would willingly have made me his heir. It has happened, since the count has died, without leaving any heirs by marriage, no by the will of God, that he died without having completed any regu- one can dispute your claim. This is understood by the landholders lations to that effect, which has thrown me upon you, with whom I of Foix. There is also another circumstance which adds to your was brought up and educated, a poor knight, bastard to the count de claim, you have lent on mortgage of that county fifty thousand francs; Foix. I therefore beg you would counsel me how to act, and assist send and take possession for payment, and hold it as your legal inme in this time of distress. I pray God that you will havy compas- heritance: those of the county desire nothing more eagerly than to sion on me, as it will be an act of charity; and I shall open the castle be under your government. It is a fair possession, and conies very for your free admittance, as I never thought of closing its gates opportunely, for it borders on Catalonia and Arrageon; and if, in time against you." to come, you should be at war with the king of Arragon, the county The chiefs among the townsmen answered, " Sir Evan, you have of Foix will be a good frontier; for it has many castles and forts which wvell spoken, and to the purpose, and we are satisfied. We therefore may be very advantageously garrisoned with men-at-arms." The sny, that you shall live among us:- and it is our intention that you king listened with pleasure to this speech, and, agreeing with his keep this castle, and all that is within it, which we will aid you to council, said, " See whom we shall send thither." They resolved defend. Should the viscount de Chatelbon, your cousin, who is heir on the lord de la Riviere, because he had formerly been there, and to the territory of B6arn, and the nearest relation to our late lord, determined that he should be accompanied by the bishop of Noyon. your father, claim anything belonging to this castle, we will strenu- These two lords on hearing of their embassy, made very handsome ausly defend you, and your brother sir Gracien, in your rights. But preparations, but did not immediately set out. When they did, they we suppose, that when the king of France was last at Toulouse, and travelled slowly and at their leisure, taking the road to Avignon. our lord, your father, waited on him, some regulations were made respecting these matters; and your cousin, sir Roger d'Espaign, oughtto know all the circumstances relative to them. We will write, to C H A P T E R X X X I inform him of the death of our lord, and to invite him hither, to give us his advice, as well on the state of BWarn and Foix, which may fall THE VISCOUNT DE CHATELBON, HEIR TO THE COUNT DE FOIX, ATTEXDS HIS to ruin, as respecting the moveables and funeral of our lord. What FUNERAL AT ORTHES. HE IS ADVISED TO SEND TO THE BEFORE-NAMED we have now said, we promise you most faithfully and loyally to COMMISSIONERS FROM FRANCE, TO DEMAND FOSSESStON OF THE SUCCESobserve." SION WHICH HAD FALLEN TO HIM BY THE DEATH OF THE COUNT DE Sir Evan was well satisfied with this speech, and threw open the FOIX: HE AFTERWARDS SENDS, TO THE SAME PURPORT, TO THE RtH gates of the castle for all to enter who pleased. Many did so, ex- OF FRANCE. amined it well, and placed sufficient guards to defend it. THE death of the count de Foix was signified to the viscount de Chatelbon in Arragon. He instantly set out for Bfarn, and arrived at Orthfs; but, though the inhabitants made him very welcome, they C H A P T E R XX X. d1d not acknowledge him for their lord. They said, "They were but THE CORPSE OF. THE COUNT DE FOIX IS BROUGHT FRO RIONM TO ORTHES. a part of the country; and that it would be necessary for all the ba. THE RIING OF FRANCE SENDS THE BISHOP OF NOYON AND THE LORD DE rons, prelates, and citizens of the principal towns to assemble, and LA RIVIEE INTO TH COUNTRY OF FOIX, TO AE ARANGEMENTS, AC- consider of the business; that BWarn was an independent territory, CORDING VTO THE DECRHTEE OF THE COUNCIL. T A BRNEIand those lords who resided in it would never consent that it should GORDING TO THE DECREE OF THE COUNCIL. pay homage to any one." It was now determined to perform the THIS same day, the body of the count de Foix was put into a coffin, obsequies of the count de Foix, and then to summon all the barons und brought to Orthhs. The inhabitants, men, women and children, of BWarn and Foix; that all who pleased might attend and deliberate who went to meet it, wept most bitterly, remembering his valor, pru- how to act, on the present occasion, in the choice of a lord. The lence and generosity, and the happiness they had enjoyed during barons, prelates and chief citizens of B6arn and Foix were. invited ihe whole of his reign; for there was neither Englishman nor French- to the funeral of the count. Those from BWarn came; but the Foixman who dared to anger him. They said, "Our neighbors will now lens refused, sayng they should stay at home to guard and defend make war on us who have hitherto lived in peace, and we shall in- their country until the matter of succession were determined, for habit a land of misery and slavery. No one will now attend to or they had heard the king of France laid claim to it. The bishop of defend our rights. Ah, Gaston'! fair child, why didst thou anger thy Pamiers, notwithstanding this, being a relation and invited, went to father'? If'thou hadst remained to us, whose youth promised so Orthhs in handsome state, becoming his rank. much, we should be comforted; hut we lost thee when too young, Great were the numbers who attended the funeral of Gaston count and thy'fa-ther has lived too short a time. He was but sixty-three de Foix, the last of the name, in the church of the Cordelier friars of:years old,* and that is no great age for such a handsome and healthy Orthus, on a Monday, the 12th day of October, in the year of our prince, and one who had every comfort about him. Ah, desolated Lord 1391. In addition to the barons and knights, there were three and comfortless B'arn! now thou hast lost thy prince, what will be- bishops: first, the bishop ot Pamiers, who said mass and performed come of thee? Never shalt thou have an equal to the gallant and the service; then the bishops of Lescar and Olfron. The church noble Gaston." With such lamentations was the body of the noble was splendidly iiluminated, and, during mass, four knights displayed, Count carried through Orthhs, attended by the following knights: first, in firont of the altar, the emblazoned banners of Foix and B~arn. the viscount de Bruniquel and the lord de Copane, then sir Roger The first was supported"by sir Raymond de Chatelneuf, the second d'Espaign and the lord de Laisne, sir Raymond de la Motte and the by sir Espaign du Lyon, the third by sir Peter de Quer, and the fourth lord de Besach, sir Menaut de Noailles and sir Richard de Saint by sir Menaut de'Noailles. Sir Roger d'Espaign made the offering George. Sir Evan de Foix walked in the rear, attended by the lord of his sword, supported'by the bourg de Copane* and sir Peter Ande Corasse, the lord de Barentin, the lord de'Baruge, the lord de drew de Buarn, governor of Lourdd.' The viscount de Bruniquel Quer, and upward of sixty knights of Bfarn, who had hastened to'offered the shield, supported by sir John de Chatelneuf and John de Rion on hearing the melancholy news of their lord's death. The Chantiron. The helmet was offered by the lord Valentin de B6arn, body of the count was borne, with his face uncovered, to the church suoported' by sir Arnold de Restem, and Arnold de Sainte-Celombe. of the Cordeliers in OrthBs, where it was opened, embalmed, and put The war-horse was offered by the lord de Corasse, supported by sir into a leaden coffin, and left in that state until the day of its inter- Arnauton d'Espaign and Raymonnet de Copane. ment. It was handsomely watched; for there were continually burn- * The fiteily of Copare is known at this day cedar the name of Caupeneo Tb. * lIe died on the 12th of August i391, and was born in 1331. —Er. castle of Caupenne is near Bsaonne —.ote by the os-rquis de 8y 538 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &C. Every part of the obsequies was most honorably and magnificently erty until he had paid down forty thousand francs. Since that time performed according to the custom of the country. Sir Evan and he bore him such a hatred, that he dared not appear before him; and sir Gracien de Foix, the two bastard-sons of the count, were present, had the count lived two years longer, the viscount de Chateau-bon as were the viscount de Chatelbon, all the barons from Bearn, and would never have inherited his posessions in Foix and B6arn. Those some from Foix; but the last, as soon as the service was ended, who had attended this meeting at Orthbs now separated, to return to mounted their horses, and went to dine at Heritiel, two leagues dis- their homes, leaving the viscount to the care of his own affairs. He tant from Orth~s. Very early on the morrow, the bishop of Pamiers was not idle, but collected about his person those knights and squires took his departure, refusing to assist at the assembly of the barons of he thought attached to him, and left Orthbs with an attendance of Bearn, which was fixed for that day. As soon as the obsequies had two hundred horse. He went to Morlaas, a good town and well been performed, the body of the count de Foix was taken from the inclosed: it is the last in B'arn, on the side of Bigorre, four leagues leaden coffin, enwrapped with a new and handsome waxed cloth, from Pau, and six from Tarbes. and buried in front of the grand altar in the choir of the church of the On the morrow, as he was preparing to set out for Saint Gaudens, Cordeliers. Of him there is an end: God pardon his sins! another good town at the entrance of Foix, on the Garronne, news I will now say what was done at this great meeting of prelates, was brought him that the bishop of Noyon and sir Berau de la Riviere barons, knights, and principal citizens of B6arn, at Orthbs. I imag- were arrived in great state at Toulouse. The viscount de Chateauinc, from the information I received, the viscount de Chateaubon was bon asked sir Roger d'Espaign how he should act. Sir Roger replied, addressed nearly as follows: "My lord, we know well that, from your ", Since we have now heard of them, we will remain and observe relationship to our late much honored lord, whose soul God pardon! how they proceed. In a few days, they will make us acquainted you are entitled to succeed to all his inheritances, as well in Bearn as with their intentions." This advice of sir Roger was followed: in. in Foix; but at this moment we dare not acknowledge you as our deed, it would have been useless to advance further into Foix, for all lord, lest we be guilty of great imprudence, and hazard this country the chief towns, castles, and passes over the river Garonne were shut of B6arn in a dangerous war; for we have heard that the king of against them, such as Palaminich, Castres, Montesquieu, Carthas, France, who is our good neighbor, and very powerful, has ordered Ortingas, Sossa, the city of Pamiers, the castle of which was undei hither some of his council: we know not, nor shall we learn until the guard of the townsmen, Savredun, Montant, Mazeres, Vespuis, they arrive and tell us, on what cause they are sent. You are not and all the castles on the frontier of Arragon. The inhabitants of ignorant, any more than ourselves, that our late lord,.whom God for- Foix declared that no foreign power, of men-at-arms, should entel give! was last year with the king of France at Toulouse, when they their country, until the right of succession was established: they, had many secret conferences; and the object of these must be ex- however, showed a great inclination that France should have their plained, for, should he have signed and sealed any transfer of Foix country, and that it should be governed by a s6neschal, like Tou. and Bearn, the king of France will think himself justified to possess louse, Carcassonne and Beaucaire; but it happened otherwise, as I them by force. We therefore must know the terms of such treaties shall shortly relate. if they exist, for we are otherwise situated than Foix. Ours is a free When the commissioners from France arrived at Toulouse, they country," which owes neither homage nor servitude to any one; sought intelligence from the archbishop, the sdneschals of Foix and whereas the county of Foix is a tenure from the king of France, and Toulouse, who told them enough; for the two last had, from the the Foixiens are so attached to France, that they will cheerfuly ac- great love they bore the count de Foix, with many of the principal knowledge that king for its lord: indeed, they already say, that since persons in Toulouse, attended his funeral at Orthis. They had, when the count de Foix has deceased without heir-male by legal marriage, there, inquired into the state and disposition of the country, from that county naturally falls to the king of France, its lord paramount. such as they imagined could inform them. Upon hearing their reMy lord, you know we shall maintain our rights, and that we will not port, the bishop of Noyon and lord de la Riviere consulted together, surrender them to any lord, whether the king of France or you, and determined to send for sir Roger d'Espaign, for he was liege. We recommend, therefore, that in this business you take the lead, by man to the king of France, his officer, and seneschal of Carcassonne, treaty or otherwise." The viscount replied; "And how would you and keep him with them should there be occasion. According to advise me to act? for I have declared my willingness to follow ev. this plan they sent off an honorable squire, with letters sealed to sir erything in reason that you shall counsel me." "My lord," said Roger. He left Toulouse, thinking to meet sir Roger at Montr.al they, "we think you should desire your cousin sir Roger d'Espaign, or at Saint Gaudens, with the viscount de Chateau-bon; for he had who is here present, to accompany you at your expense to the county heard they had left Morlaas on their road to enter Foix. The squire of Foix, to negotiate with the barons, prelates and principal inhabit- followed the road to Saint Gaudens, and soon arrived there, as the ants. If you succeed in prevailing on them to accept you for lord, distance was not more than twelve leagues. iHe presented the letters or to keep secret their intentions until you shall have gained over the to sir Roger, telling him at the same time from whom they came king of France by means of a composition in money, that the inher- Sir Roger, having read them, said, " You shall stay here to-day: itance may be yours, you will have done weil. Have an interview to-morrow you shall return, and I hope have company with you." with the commissioners sent by the king of France to Foix, and offer The squire assented to this. one or even two hundred thousand francs; you will find it cheaply The viscount and sir Roger had a long conference on the subject bought, and have more than enough to pay it from the treasure our of these letters, and it was concluded that sir Roger should wait on late lord (whose soul may God pardon!) has left behind him. But the commissioners at Toulouse, when he would hear what was the we are resolved that his two bastard-sons shall have a handsome object of their coming, and what their intentions. On the morrow, share of his landed property, and of the ready money." the knight, in company with the squire who had brought the letters, The viscount de Chateau-bon answered; "Gentlemen, I consent to set out for Toulouse, and they continued their journey until they all your wishes. Here is sir Roger d'Espaign, and in your presence arrived there in the evening, when sir Roger retired to his lodgings, I entreat that he will accompany me on this journey." Sir Roger and the squire to his masters. On learning that the knight was ar. said, he would cheerfully do so, as he might mediate between them; rived, the commissioners said, "Since sir Roger d'Espaign is come but if the king of France, his sovereign lord, or his commissioners, in person, to-morrow we shall have some intelligence." The next should require him to be of their party, or wish him to retire, he day, after mass, sir Roger waited on the bishop of Noyon and the should then return. The viscount was satisfied with this answer, and lord de la Riviere, who kindly received him. After some conver. said, "I will never act, cousin, but by your advice; and when you sation on different subjects, they told him the cause of their com. are by my side, I shall be more encouraged and the sooner accom- ing, and showed the king's procuration, for them to take posses. plish my ends." On this, the meeting was on the point of being dis- sion, in his name, of the county of Foix. Sir Roger observed their solved, when the viscount requested that he might have, by way of papers and credential letters were properly drawn up, and, after a loan, five or six thousand francs from the treasury, to carry on his short pause, he replied: " My lord of Noyon, and you my lord de In affairs. The two bastards likewise put in their claims, and desired Riviere, I am not such an intimate counsellor of the king as ye are, they might have a share of the money of their father which the men for, if I were, I would (under your favor) advise him to take the of Orthbs had now under their guard. The barons, prelates and citi- money, and indeed somewhat more than what he has, on mortgage zens, having considered these demands, agreed that the viscount oie this county, advanced to the late count, and to be repaid on his should have five thousand francs, on the terms he had proposed, and death, and let the natural heir succeed to his inheritances. This the two bastards of Foix two thousand. Orders were accordingly would be, in my mind, greatly to his honor and profit, and to the given for their delivery. This was complied with, and the treas- salvation of his soul. I will give you other substantial reasons why urers summoned to pay it. Not one person who had any office under this should be done, if you will listen to me. First, it is well known the late count was dismissed; but the guard of the castle of Orthbs, that this mortgage was fraudulently made by the late count, for he and. all within it, was given to the inhabitants of the town. abounded in money; and was in this matter actuated solely by his The viscount de Chateau-bon, on his arrival at Orthbs, set at lib- hatred to the true heir, the viscount de Chateau-bhn, whom he thought irty all.prisoners confined in the castle. They were very numerous; he could never sufficiently injure. The king may therefore, if he for the count de Foix was very cruel to any person who incurred his consent to it, be implicated in this disgraceful transaction. Secondly, indignation, never sparing them, however high their rank, but order. by following my advice the king will be a gainer; for the county ot ing them to be thrown over the walls, or confined on bread and water Foix will cost him full as much to guard and defend as his receiverm during his pleasure; and such as ventured to speak for their deliv- can collect fr-om it, and he will, besides, lose the homage and service erance ran risks of similar treatment. It is a well-known fact, that of a powerful man. Thirdly, he will heavily load his conscience by he confined, in a deep dungeon, his cousin-german, this viscount de thus disinheriting another; for if he had meant to act justly in such Chateau-bon, during eight days; and he would not give him his lib- a bargain and sale, he ought to have called upon all the relations of *The Bfarnese trd their own courtsand eratoms which they long pereerved-ED t h e late count, who had the remotest claims on his succession, to CHRONICLES OF ENSLATD, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 535 oppose this act, if they should have thought it necessary, which was Burgundy with the real state of his affairs and his intentions. He not done. Consider, therefore, my lords, you who have so good an- was right so to do, for he was by her strongly supported. She had a lerstandings, and are come hither as those most looked up io in the great affection for the duke of Brittany, not only because he was her king's council, all that I have said, before you approve yuurselves relation, but her father, the late earl of Flanders, had been much abettors of frauds, which must affect the conscience of the king, for attached to him, and comforted him in all his distresses. This on you will the whole blame be thrown, and, before it be too late, duchess of Burgundy was a determined lady, and the duke, her bus. apply a remedy. You have now time, for my cousin the viscount band, would not willingly have angered her, as was indeed natural; de Chateau-bon, has sent me to remonstrate with you on this busi. Ifor he had gained by his marriage with her immense possessions, and ness; and he, as well as myself, beg you will pay attention to our was the father of many fine children, which bound him, as well as cumplaints; for it is not just to seize all that strength and power may the whole royal family, the more to her. anable you to do." When sir Roger had done speaking, the bishop These hatreds and jealousies were daily increasing; and although of Noyon and the lord de la Riviere looked at each other; and the the duke of Brittany went to Paris, and paid his homage to the king, bishop thus replied: " Sir Roger, we are convinced the proposition I will not pretend to say that it was done from the heart, for on his you have made us is caused by your love of justice; but our commits- return to Brittany, very little change was observed in his conduct. sion does not extend to annihilate the bargains which may have been He had also sworn obedience to the pope of Avignon, but acted conmade between the king of France and the count de Foix. However, trary to his solemn pledge, for he disclaimed him by words, and from consideration' and love to you, and for the satisfaction of all would not allow his bulls to have effect in his duchy. He was neuter parties, we will not proceed further in the business, if you will un- between the two popes in many things, and disposed of vacant bene. dertake a journey to Paris, and make to the king and council what fices according to his pleasure; so that no foreign clerk, unless he remonstrances you may please relative to it. If you can by your was perfectly agreeable to the duke, could obtain any benefice in eloquence prevail, that the succession of Foix devolve to the viscount Brittany. And with regard to any writs, or law processes, which de Chateau-bon, who is indeed, as you say, the legal heir, we shall were sent thither from the parliament of Paris, he held them very be right glad, for we are no way inclined to disinherit him." "My cheap, and seemed to expect that his own officers should take the lords," replied sir Roger, "you make me very happy by what you precedence in all such proceedings. say: remain, therefore, and amuse yourselves in Toulouse during The duke deprived even the prelates of Brittany of many of their my absence, for all your expenses shall be defrayed from the treasure rights, who, though they made loud complaints of this to the parin the castle of Orthes." liament of Paris, could not obtain redress; for when the duke was Thus did sir Roger d'Espaign manage the matter, during his stay summoned to defend himself against these charges in the courts of of two days inll Toulouse with the commissioners from France: a justice, he never came nor sent any persons sufficiently authorized to better ne'otiator could not have been sent. On the third morning, answer for him. When, by order of the parliament, the king's offiwhen taking leave of them he said: " My lords, since I have begun cers were sent into Brittany to serve the duke with writs ofsummons, this business, I see the necessity for my going to Paris, to bring it to they never could speak with him nor obtain a sight of him, from difa conclusion; but I know not in what disposition I shall find the king ferent excuses he made; but when they had left his country, and and his court. Should I stay longer than I propose, I beg you will were returned to Paris, he said: "Yes, to be sure I will go to Paris not be uneasy, for it will be the fault of those with whom I must to hear law! never will I do such a thing. Three years ago, I was treat, if I do not very speedily return: in the mean time you shall there for that purpose and to obtain justice; but the last I never could constantly receive messages with letters from me." get. Our judges of the parliament turn it as they please; and they Go, in God's name," said the two lords: " we know it will not must think me very young and ignorant, when they want thus to be your fault if any delay happen." Thus satisfied with each other, manage me. I wish to let them know, that if all my subjects were they separated. The commissioners remained at Toulouse, and sir unanimous in the same opinions with me, I would find the king of Roger returned to the viscount de Chateau-bon at St. Gaudens, to France so much employment that the most obstinate should listen to tell him what had passed. The viscount was rejoiced on hearing it, reason. All who had loyally and faithfully served, should be reand said, "Sir Roger, my fair cousin, I put my whole confidence in warded accordingly, and such as had acted on opposite principles you, and the matter interests me greatly; for it is nothing less than should be punished; and those who demanded justice should have whether I am or not to have the property of my family, firom whom it." Such speeches, which were often repeated, were carried to the I am sprung, and whose arms I bear. I have none other but you to French court; and the king's most confidential ministers said, " This send to France, nor any one on whom I carl depend, to lay before duke of Brittany is so presumptuous and obstinate in his opinions, the king and council the hardship of my case, with a force of elo- that, if he be suffered to go on with such discourses, the kingdom quence equal to the occasion. I therefore entreat, from your affec- will be weakened, by other lords following his example, and the rights to me, and for the obligation I shall ever be under to you, that you of the crown by degrees may be lost." It was therefore resolved, to would udcleimtake this journey." Sir Roger said, "I knew well that obviate all difficulties, that the duke of Brittany should be civilly inyou would charge inme with this business, and, from my love to you vited to come to Tours, where the king of France, from the affection and uur relationiship, I will readily undertake it." He was not long he bore him, would endeavor to give him the meeting, attended only in making his preparations to go to Paris, and took the road through by the dukes of Berry and Burgundy, and the bishops of Chartres Rod-cz, as beimg the shortest, for there was now a truce between and Autun, members of his council, who were expressly named, as France and Eiiland. Had it not been so, this way would not have more in favor with the duke of Brittany than any other lords in been the nimst expedient; for there were many forts on the borders France, except the lord de Coucy and the lord d'Estampes. of Quercy Rouergue and Linsousin, in the hands of the English. This plan being followed, the count d'Estamnpes and sir Yves d'XWe will now leave sir Roger to pursue his journey, and speak of Orient were sent into Brittany, where they had much difficulty to perthe king of France and the duke of Brittany. suade the duke to meet the king of France and his uncles at Tours. They discussed the matter so ably, he at length said, " that he would go to Tours; but they need not press him to prolong his journey, for C H A P T E R x x x II. further he would not go, neither would he see his enemy, sir Oliver de Clisson, as he hated him mortally." These terms were complied STTE ii OF FRANCE AFND TE DUNC E OF BA ITTANY MEEGLT AT TOURS, TO with before he would consent to set out for Tours. The two envoys SETTLE THEIR DIFFERENCES. EBASSOS FRO ENAND COE returned to France to tell the king and his uncles their success with THITHIER ALSO TO NrEGOTIATE A FEACE. the duke of Brittany. They appeared satisfied therewith, since they TuE great hatred which subisted between the duke of Brittany and could not do better. The king and his lords began to make prepa. sir Oliver de Clisson, constable of France, has been repeatedly men- rations for this journey to Tours on a large scale; for they imagined hloned in this history. The duke, in addition to the ill-will he bore they should remain there two or three months, as the treaties and him, was envious of the favor he was in with the king of France, negotiations which were to be proposed, would require much time and the opinion he had of his advice: he would willingly have pre- before they could be concluded. vented or troubled this, if he had the power, and was not fearful of The king of France, the duke of Touraine, the duke of Berry, the offeinding thIe king. This made him frequently repent that he had duke of Burgundy, his son John of Burgundy, the duke of Bourbon, not put him to death when in his castle of Ermine, for no one would the lord de Coucy, the count de la Marche, the count de Saint Pol, have revenged it, and the matter would soon have been forgotten. and the whole of their councils, came to Tours, where lodgings had The duke, on account of this hatred and envy of the constable, was been provided for them. The constable of France and his son-invery backward in his duties to the cr'own of France, and, when he law, John of Brittany, came thither from a different quarter, as in. could, absolutely refused paying them. He knew he was acting im- deed they were nearly concerned in the matters then going forward. properly, but persisted in this conduct, for he was too much inclined The duke of Brittany, after keeping them waiting a fortnight, at to Emialand, and provided his castles and towns with artillery and last arrived. Some said, that notwithstanding he had made them stores, sending secretly to England for men-at-arms and archers, come there, he would not meet them; for he had sent twice or thrice whom he placed in his forts, giving it out that he was expecting war to say he was too ill to ride; but having considered the business, he to he made on him; but his subjects could not guess from what at length caime. His purveyances were grand, and he and his people quarter. were lodged at their ease. News of all that he was doing was carried to time court of France, [The negotiations instantly began on both sides; but as the days and several spoke loudly against him. The duke, indeed, knew that were now short, it being the winter season, there could not be any many of the French lords disliked him; but he was indifferent as to long discussions before dinner, which were renewed afterwards until thus, and continued to act as before, intrusting only the duchess of the evening. During the time these treaties were going forward at 540 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. Tours, between the king of France and tihe duke of Brittany, which I wished to speak with you by ourselves: consult together on what lasted good part of the winter, sir Roger d'Espaign and sir Espaign I have told you; for, be assured, whether you consent or not, I will du Lyon arrived there firom Toulouse on a Wednesday. The city obtain repayment, and your treaty shall not succeed. I can depend was so full of lords and other company, that it was with much diffi- on my good brother of Burgundy acting as I please; he is lieutenant culty they could find lodgings. Having at last obtained them, they over all the countries of Oil, as I am over those of Oc, and none waited on the king and his ministers, and explained, as eloquently will dare to controvert my orders, or oppose my will. This visconul as they were able, the cause of their coming, and the case of the de Chateaubon will find money enough for my demand, since the viscount de Chateau bon, in regard to his claims on the county of late count has left more behind him than the king has in his tieasury." Foix, and the honor of Bdarn.] The king and his council were so Sir Roger d'Espaign now answered, "My lord, suppose we were to fully occupied with the affairs of Brittany, which touched them more accede to your proposal, we have not any money with us." "c Oh," nearly, that they could not attend to other business. replied the duke, "sir Roger, that shall be no hindrance. You shall Sir Roger d'Espaign was however well heard, though he had not take the debt on yourself, and give me your bond for it: I have that a speedy answer: he remained there upward of'two mouths, and opinion of your honor I will credit' you for this, or a much larger was daily told his proposal should be considered, but the answer was sum if't were necessary." "My lord," said sir Roger, "I thank not given. There was another cause of delay, during the king's you: we will consult together, and you shall to-morrow have our residence at Tours, that increased'the labors of his council; for sir answer." "I am satisfied," answered the duke; when the conver. John Clanvow, counsellor and chamberlain to'the king of England, sation ended, and the doors were opened. and Richard Rowhall, clerk, doctor of laws, and of the council of The two knights returned to their lodgings, and had many conver. England, arrived there from king Richard, on the subject of a peace sations, whether or not they shoild agree to the duke's demand, and which had been first proposed by sir Thomas Percy anid the lord de accept of his mediation. Everything considered, they thought the Clifford, some time before at Paris, as you have heard. On their best they could do would be'to consent; for the matter had been arrival, all other business was laid aside, and they alone were at- drawn out to a great length without any appearance of being de. tended to. It was told me, they had brought credential letters to cided: but on condition that all the landed property was yielded to the king, and the dukes of Berry and Burgundy, who heard what they the viscount de Ch&teaubon. On'the morrow, they returned to the had to say. Their mission was to know if the king of France and dulke of Berry, and engaged themselves for the payment of thirty his council were willing to hold conferences at Amiens, as had been thousand francs, on condition he would-influence the king and council proposed, to endeavor to establish a lasting'peace between the two to allow the viscount de ChAteaubon to inherit Foix, on his paying kingdoms and their allies. The king of France, who, from every back the sum it had been mortgaged for. The duke replied, "Leave appearance, seemed desirous of peace, answered in the affirmative, that to me: I will have it done, otherwise I shall not expect you to and said, "that as soon as the business between him and the duke fulfil your engagements." From that day forward, the duke of Berry of Brittany was finished, and he was returned from Tours, he would was so anxious to receive his thirty thousand francs, and so able an not attend to anything until he arrived at Amiens, according to the advocate for the viscount de Ch-teaubon, that everything was ar. former propositions;. and that he would await there the arrival of the ranged according to his wishes. The king and council desisted from commissioners from England, who should be made welcome with their first demands; and the two foreign knights had given them the best cheer of the country." letters of confirmation of the county of Foix to the viscount de Cha. The English were well pleased with this answer, and staid five teaubon, addressed to the bishop of Noyon and the lord de la Riviere, days at Tours, passing their time with the king, the chief lords and who had remained at Toulouse. the chancellor of France. Having accomplished the object of their The substance of these letters, as I'learnt from credible persons coming, they took leave of the king and court. The king made who had been on this embassy, was as follows: "We Charles, by them handsome presents, for which they returned thanks, and had the grace of -God king of France, order and command our reverend all their expenses, while at Tours, paid. During their stay, they father in God the bishop of Noyon, and our knight and chamberlain neither saw nor spoke with the duke of Brittany, for they were anx- the lord de la Riviere, to allow the viscount de Chmteaubon, heir of ious to avoid giving the French any cause of suspicion of under- Foix and Bdarn, to have peaceable possession and enjoyment of the hand dealing. They returned through Paris and Picardy to Calais, same, and of all dependencies thereto belonging, on condition that and, having a favorable passage, arrihed at Dover, and thence jour- he first pay into your hands the sum of sixty thousand francs, which neyed to London, where they found the king and council assembled you will receive in one payment in the city of Toulouse; and we at WVestmninster, and related to them the answer they had received, will, after payment made, that the receipt, sealed by our s6neschal and what observations they had made. The king and council were of Toulouse, to the viscount de Chateaubon, shall be a full and legal satisfied with what they heard, and gave orders respecting the con- acquittance to him, and to whomever else it may concern. In ad. ferences to be holden at Amiens. dition, we expect payment of twenty thousand francs, for the expenses We will now return to the embassadors from B6arn and Foix. you have been at in your journeys to and from the county of Foix on this occasion: you will for this money give acquittances from our above-named office in Toulouse: saving and reserving that sir Evan CHAPTER XXXIII and sir Gracien de Foix, bastard-sons of the late Gaston count do Foix, of happy memory, have a reasonable share of the moveable SIR ROPER D'ESFAIGN AND SiR ESPAIGN T)U LYON, EMBASSADORS FRao property and inheritances of their deceased father, according to the THE VISCOUNT DE CEATEAUHON, PRACTICE SO SUCCESSFULLY WITH THE discretion and advice of sir Roger d'Espaign, the viscount de Bruni COURT OF FRANCE, THAT HE IS DECLARED HEIR AND SUCCESSOR TO THE quel, sir Raymond de Ch&teauneuf, and the lord de Corasse, to whom COUNT DE FOIX BY LETTERS PATENT FRONM THE KING OF FRANCE. we will write, that they acquit themselves in the matter honorably Sim Roger d'Espaign and sir Espaign du Lyon acquitted them- to the discharge of our conscience; for, some time since, we made selves handsomely and successfully, in regard to the affairs of the such promise to their father. And should any demur arise, either viscount de Chateaubon. They had many difficulties to overcome on the part of the four knights to whom we have intrusted this bus. with the king and court, more especially with the members of the iness, or from obstinacy and rebellion on the part of the viscount de privy council, who had advised the king to annex the county of Foix Chateaubon, we annul and declare all treaties we may have entered to the crown of France, since the inhabitants were desirous of it. into void, and of no effect. In testimony whereof, we have given The king was likewise of this opinion, but the duke of Burgundy these letters under our seal, in the city of Tours, this 15.th day of more wisely opposed it, and recommended it to the king to do noth- December, in the 12th year of our reign." ing more than to receive back the money he had advanced, saying, When these letters were finished to the satisfaction of -the king, he had lands enough to guard without adding these, and disinheriting council, and embassadors, the knights made preparations for their the lawful heir. I believe the duke of Burgundy's advice would not departure; and, having taken leave of the king and lords, and paid have been attended to, if the duke of Berry had not taken up the their expenses, they set out from Tours on their return home. matter. You have heard, that formerly he had sent to the count de You before heard that the lord Louis de Sancerre, marshal of Foix the count de Sancerre, the viscount d'Assy, sir William de la France, was resident in the neighborhood of Carcassonne, and had Tremouille, and the lord de la Riviere, to treat for his marriage with been so a long time, as lieutenant for the king over all those counr the lady Jane of Boulogne, whom the count de Foix had in ward. tries as far as the Dordogne. The bishop of Noyon and the lord do The count listened to the proposals, but told the envoys that the duke la Riviere sent for him to Toulouse, and thus addressed him: "Marof Berry should never have her for his wife, if he did not give him shal, the viscount de Chateaubon, who declares himself heir, by the thirty thousand flancs for the expenses of her education; and this death of Gaston count de Foix, to the county of Foix and its depend. demand the duke paid, for he was determined to have the lady. cncies, save and except what may concern B6arn, is in treaty with This he had not forgotten, and, sending for sir Roger d'Espaign and us. We have sent intelligence of it to the king and his council; sir Espaign du Lyon to his chamber at Tours, shut the door and con- but we know not, nor indeed can we as yet, how the king and his versed with them in private, saying, "You may, if you please, suc. ministers may please to act in the matter. Be you, therefore, pro. ceed in the object of your journey hither; but you must first promise vided with a sufficient body of men-at-arms, and garrison well the me, that I shall be fully repaid the sum my treasurer gave the count firontiers of Foix. Sir Roger d'Espaign and sir Espaign du Lyon de Foix when I was married to my present duchess. I have always are now in France; and if we hear from them, or by messengers determined, that if I survived the count, this money should be paid from the king, that there is no probability of any compromise taking me back." place, but that the king means to annex Foix to his crown, you will The two knights, hearing the dulte thus talk, looked at each other, instantly enter that county, and take possession of it, according to'but said notraword. The duke added, "My fair sirs, it was for this the powers the king has intrusted to us in this affair." The lord CPi ROI!TICLES CF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. $41 Louis said, that in regard to this he was well prepared, and was in- In this state did they remain at Tours for upward of three months creasing his strength daily, waiting for the answer from the king. without any progress being made in the treaties. They were on the We will now return to the duke of Brittany. point of being broken off, for the king was impatient at the delays, and wanted to return to Paris, whence he would issue a speceal C H A P T ER X XXV~. summons for the ensuing summer, and make war on the duke of C HA P T ER XX X IV. Brittany and his allies, leaving all others in peace. But the dukes IURING THE I ES1DENCE OF THE KING OF FRANCE AND DUKE OF BRITTANY of Berry and Burgundy, the lord de Coucy, the count de Saint Pol, AT TOURS, THEtIR DIFFERENCES ARE PARTLY ACCOMMODATED BY MEANS sir Guy de la Tremouille, the chancellor of France, and many other oF tHE MARRIAGES OF THE DUKIE'S SON WITH A PRINCESS OF FRANCE, great barons and prelates, desirous that an end should be put to these AND A SON OF JOIIN OF BRITTANY, SON TO THE LATE LORD CHIARLES differences, held a co:.ferenee, and said: "We, who are so nearly DE BLOIS, WITH A DAUGHTER OF THE DUKIE OF BRITTANY. connected with the king and the greatest barons of his realm, hay. I HAVE mentioned that treaties were negotiating at Tours between ing agreed to meet the English commissioners this Lent at Amiens, the king of France and the duke of Brittany. The duke gave the to consider of a treaty of peace, must hasten to put an end to this ill king and his council a great deal of trouble, for he wouldd not abate hutror of the king and the dulke of Brittany; for should we separate any of his pretensions. When any propositions were made to him, without doing so, the English would have the advantage in the busi. he refused them; and in like manner was it returned, when he of- ness at Arniens: they will expect tle support of the duke of Brittany fered any on his part; so that there did not seem a probability of and his country, for they are near neighbors, and we shall have a their disputes being terminated. The dulke declared himself willing war with Brittany and England, like what we had before, and it will to serve the king according to the homage he had paid, and to the be too heavy for us." duty he owed. "Why then," asked the king's council, "since you These lords and their councils so often turned the matter over, acknowledge yourself vassal to the kIing, do you not obey him in all that they at length discovered a means of reconciliation between the things?" "W 6Wherein am I a rebel?" demanded the duke. They king and the duke of Brittany. I will mention it, for without this I mentioned many instances, and first, his conduct toward the pope of do not believe it would ever have taken place. It was proposed that Avignon, whom the king, his lord, obeyed as the true pope, and with a marriage between the son of the duke of Brittany and a daughter regard to whom he was dissembling his opinion, and refused to obey of the king of France should take place; and, as John of Brittany his commands, filling up all the vacant benefices in his duchy, with- had a son, a similar connection should be formed with the daughter out paying attention to those who had provided themselves with bulls of the dulke of Brittany. These articles were agreed upon; but, from the pope. This, they said, was rebellious against the king in notwithstanding this alliance, John of Brittany was obliged to lay thought and deed. The duke replied: "That no one had a right aside the arms of Brittany, and take those of Chatillon; and, if he to arraign or judge his conscience but God alone, who was its supreme were desirous of bearing anything relative to Brittany, as a descend. lord. With regard to the two rival popes, he had never made any ant of that house by his mother's side, he might bear on the arms of declaration; that when Urban was elected, he was with his cousin, Chatillon a bordure ermine, three sables or, and an escutcheon er. the earl of Flanders, in the town of Ghent; that the cardinal, Robert mine in chief gules, and none others. Thus was the business brought de Geneve, sent to tlhe earl letters patent, sealed with his seal, which to a conclusion, and the duke restored to the friendship of the king signified and certified to my cousin, that, by the grace of God and of France and his uncles. He dined with the king, in company with the divine inspiration, the conclave had elected Urban pope. How John of Brittany, count de Penthievte; and much affection was can an election be set aside that seems to be made in the most regu- mutually displayed by all parties, on account of the marriages which lar manner? I wish not to say a word against the king or his crown, had been agreed to be solemnized. for I am his cousin and vassal, and will faithfully serve him, when- The duke of Brittany would never see sir Oliver de Clisson, for ever I am required, to the utmost limits of my duty; but I shall the hatred he bore him; but the constable was indifferent to this, as speak my mind as to those who do not advise him honorably." the hatred was mutual. All things being now settled, and the lords'Tell us who they are, and we will provide a remedy." having sworn to see these marriages consummated when the chil" Oh," replied the dulke, " you know them better than I do, for dren should be of a proper age, and the different treaties having been you live more with them; but, as to what you have said touching engrossed, they thought it time to quit Tours, for their stay had been the vacant beneficies, I am not so severe against suitors for them as too long, and to return to Paris, as the time was approaching for the you say, for I permit the clergy of my duchy to provide themselves conferences at Amiens. The king of France, his brother, uncles, with bulls from pope Clement; but I object to strangers having the and council, had promised tc be there to receive the king of England same liberty, and will tell you why I refuse it. They want to carry and his council. The duke of Brittany took leave of the king, his all the profit of the benefices out of the country, without serving brother, and uncles, and of those most in his favor, and set out from them. This is so contrary to reason, conscience, and justice, that I Tours for his own country; as did the dukes of Berry and Burgundy, will never consent to it. You say my conduct was rebellious and with other lords; but the king, the duke of Touraine, the duke of haughty, respecting the king's sergeants that came with writs into Bourbon, and the lord de Coucy, staid at Tours, and I will tell the my country of Brittany. I neither am rebellious nor wish to be so. reason. You ought to know, or, if you do not, you should learn, that the fief of Brittany is so noble, no law proceedings can take effect unless the CHAPTER XXXV. duke, its natural lord, shall hold an open court of justice, to hear causes, and the reasons why any appeals may be made thence, and THE COUNT DE BLOtS AND MARY OF NAMUR, IS COUNTESS, SELLT THE to see that the officers, who bring writs of appeal or summons, do UE OF TOU INE TE COUNTY OF BLOtS WITH OTHER LANDS. THE their duty regularly: should there be sergeants or other officers in VSCONT D CAEAUON TIES OSSESSION OF THE HERITACES OF rTHE LATE COUNT DE FOIX. my duchy negligent, or against whom strangers have cause of cornmplaint, I would punish them severely, for a warning to others. In I HAVE before recorded in this history, that Louis de Blois, son to addition to what I have said, that the king's council do many repre.- the count de Blois, had died when young, at Beaumont in Hainault, hensible things, they plainly discover their inclinations to encourage leaving the lady Mary, daughter of the duke of Berry, a widow, who the hatred of the kIing against ime: the proof is clear, by their suffer- lost by the event many of the good things of this world: for her bus. ing my Cousin, John of Blois, to act in two instances very injuriously band was a rich heir, and would have been a powerful lord. I men. againsttne: the first is, the signing himself John of Brittany, as if, tion this, because I wish it to be known in times to come how such by bearing this name, he could form a claim on the inheritance of large properties have been disposed of or alienated. The count and that duchy; but he cannot have any right, because I have children, countess of Blois were not formed to have any more children; for by a son and daughter, who will succeed to my possessions. Secondly, iudulging themselves too much in the pleasures of the table, and eat he bears the ermines, which are the arms of Brittany, and he had ing too many sweet dishes, they were become enormously fat. The formerly renounced the name, arms, and all things thereto appertain- count could no longer mount his horse, but was always carried in a ing. True it is, that sir Oliver de Clisson supports him in this con- car whenever he travelled from one place to another, or took the diduct, to vex me; and, as long as this shall continue, I will not listen versions of hunting or hawking. As this was well known to the to any treaty of peace or friendship with the king. I shall not make lords of France, a thought struck the duke of Touraine, during his war against him, for he is my natural lord, but if, through envious or residence at Tours, which he carried into effect. malevolent informations, he make war on me, I will defend myself, The duke had a large sum of ready money, perhaps a million of and shall be found ready on my own territories. All that I have florins, lying idle, which lie had received from the count de Vertus, now said, I wish the king to be made acquainted with." on his marriage with the lady Valentina of Milan. This money he Such was the bitterness with which these negotiations were car- wanted to dispose of to advantage. He knew the great properties of ried on between the king of France and the dulke of Brittany. The the count de Blois would be dispersed after his death. The county duke was master of his council, but the Iting was led by sir Oliver of Blois would fall to John of Brittany, who was his cousin-gertoan; de Clhison, the begne de Villaines, sir John se Mercier, and sir Wil. the lands in Hainault to the duke of Juiers and dulte of' Lancaster, liam de Montagu. The duke of Burguny, who saw more clearly excepting Chimay, which would go to Conflans in Champagne. The into this matter, was uneasy that the dhuke's reasons were made pub- county of Soissons had belonged fsrmerly to the counts of Blois; bu' lic, though he supported them privately as much as he could, in was alienated to the lord de Coucy, for the ransom of Guy de Blois, which he was assisted by the duke of Berry, who hated the confi- from England. The lands of Argies and Nouvion went to other dential advisers of the lting. By their means, his treasurer, lBethisac, heirs: Holland and Zealand fell to the count of Hainault. Thus had suffered an ignominious death at Beziers, which he was forced would this noble inheritance be dispersed piece.meal, for it was well to put up with, for it was not yet time to revenge himself. known it maust happen on the death of the present possessor. The 542 CHP ONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. duke of Touraine cast his eyes on this property, as he had money to everything, he urged on the count in private, and made him totally enough to purchase it, were it sold at a fair price, and determined to forget everything he had promised his bailiff, and the reversion ot the desire the king, his brother, to treat with the count de Blois for the county of Blois was sold for two hundred thousand francs, and the county of Blois, which was a valuable property, and very convenient duke of Touraine was to take on himself the payment of the countess to him by bordering on his duchy of Touraine. To this county are de Dunois's jointure of six thousand francs. Count Guy de Biois, also attached many considerable fiefs. The duke of Touraine, hay- indeed, reserved in this last sale the consent of the count de Hain. ing this scheme in his head, did not rest before he mentioned it, first ault, the lord paramount of these lands, but who would never insist to the king, then to the duke of Bourbon, and to the lord de Coucy, on his homage for them. The king of France and the duke of Ton. who was an able negotiator and much in favor with the count de raine, however, took on them to answer for the consequences, and Blois, for he had married the daughter of his cousin-german the duke before they left the count they bound him so completely in writings of Lorraine. The duke of Touraine and the above-mentioned per- sealed, that he could not in any way retract, for he had none to ad. sons were careful not to drop the least hint of this business to the vise him but Sohier, who was illiterate, having never had any edu duke of Berry, because the lady Mary, his daughter, had her jointure cation, and he was already on their side. of six thousand francs a year settled on this county, and the duke of In such a manner were these bargains concluded, which I have Berry imagined that, for this sum and the charges that would accrue, detailed as fully as I was able, that in future times the whole truth he should obtain the county of Blois; for a person more covetous of of the transaction may be made public, by means of these chron. other people's property could not be found. The duke of Burgundy icles. In good truth, my lord and patron, count Guy de Blois, lute was also kept ignorant of this plan, because the lady Margaret, his an ignorant and ill-advised person, pushed on by his countess and eldest daughter, was married to William of fHainault, son to the count his valet.-de-chambre, made these m;serable sales. When everything of IHainault; and he thought that by some incident, by purchase or was concluded relative to this business, to the satisfaction of the king, otherwise, the lands of Holland, Zealand and Hainault, might revert the duke of Touraine and their counsellors, they took leave of thf to his son-in-law, the count d'Ostrevant, or to his son John of Bur- count and returned to Paris. The news of these purchases made a gundy, who had married Margaret, eldest daughter of the count of great noise in many countries, and astonished all who heard it. Hainault. The king and the three other lords proposed therefore, on We will speak of sir Roger d'Espaign and sir Espaign du Lyon, their departure from Tours, to visit their cousin the count Guy de and say how they prospered since they departed from Tours, on the Blois, who resided at a handsome castle, eight leagues from Tours, road to Toulouse, where the bishop of Noyon and the lord de la Riviere called Chateau-morant, and to open a treaty for the sale of the county were waiting for them. Their arrival at Toulouse gave great pleas. of Blois, with the count and the countess, who was very avaricious. ure, for they had been long expected: they instantly waited on the It chanced, by some accident I am unacquainted with, that the commissioners from France, to show their papers, which they had bailiff of Blois, named sir Reginald de Sens, a knight of law and received firom the king, and which fully explained the successful arms, and of great prudence, heard of this intended visit and its pur- issue of their journey. The bishop of Noyon and the lord de la poses. He was much concerned from the love he bore his lord, lest Riviere entertained them well, and showed they were much rejoiced he might dishonor himself and disinherit hisheirs by a sale, for which at the succession, with all its dependencies, of the count de Foix, he had no need, and severely wound his conscience. He deter. devolved on the viscount de Chhteaubon, according to the tenure and mined therefore, if possible, to prevent it, and, setting out from Blois, form whereby the counr;t of Gaston had held them, and in the matrode all night to Chteau.m-norant, where, being introduced to the ner detailed in the written documents. After considering the busi. count, he said: "My lord, the king of France, the dukes of Tou- ness, they thought it advisable that sir Roger d'Espaign and sir raine and Bourbon, with the lord de Coucy, are coming hither." Espaign du Lyon, who had taken so much pains and incurred so "That is true," replied the count: "why do you mention it?" "I much labor in it, should wait on the viscount de Chateaubon and the am come to tell it, because you will be pressed to sell your heritage. councils of Foix and B6arn, to itform them what had been agreed Consider well the subject, as you have time beforehand." The count on, that all things might be regularly managed, to bring the whole de Blois was much surprised at hearing this, and said: "I cannot to a happy conclusion. prevent any one from speaking to me, or offering proposals; but, be. The knights consented, to this proposal, and, having refreshed fore I consent to selling my inheritance, fraudulently disinheriting themselves two days in Toulouse, set out for Saint Gaudens. The my heirs and dishonoring nmyself, I must have neither plate nor por- viscount was not there, but at a beautiful castle, at the entrance of ringer of silver to pawn." "My lord," replied the knight, "remem- B1arn, called Pau, where they found him. He was happy to see ber this when the time comes, for you will see that all I have told them, having long wished it, but much more so when he learnt that you is true." "Don't doubt it, bailiff," said the count: "I am not the king of France desisted from taking possession of the county of so young nor so foolish as to listen to such proposals." On this, the Foix: he knew well where to find the money required for the repay. bailiff returned to Blois, where he resided, for he did not wish the ment of the mortgage, and that enough would remain after this was company he had mentioned should find him there. Two days after, done. the king and his company arrived at Chateau-morant, to the great I believe my readers, as well as myself, will think I have said joy of the count and countess of Blois, at his visiting them, and they enough respecting the affairs of Foix and B6arn: I will therefore entertained him splendidly. The king, to win the affections of the leave them, and enter on other matters; for it would take up too count, and gain him over to his plan, said: "Fair cousin, I see you much time to pursue in detail everything that passed there on the are the lord in our kingdom the most endowed with honor and libe- return of the two knights from France.'To conclude, the viscount rality, and that in former times you must have had large expenses: to de Chateaubon was acknowledged count de Foix and B'arn, on the assist and recompense you, we will grant you a tax on the county of same terms on which count Gaston de Foix, of happy memory, had Blois that shall be worth twenty thousand francs." held them,* and he received the homage of all who were his vassals. The count returned his thanks and accepted the gift, which, how- He satisfied his two cousins, sir Evan and sir Gracien,t the bastaards ever, was of no value to him, for he never received one penny from of Foix, by the handsome allotment he gave them of the inheritances it. After this, the matter of sale of the county of Blois was entered and moveables of their father, and repaid to the commissioners from on, first by the king, and second by the duke of Bourbon: but, find- France, the mortgage that was on Foix. Before all these things ing the count very cool and indifferent about it, they addressed them- were accomplished, summer was far advanced, and the bishop of selves to his lady; and remonstrated with her, in specious terms, Noyon remained at Toulouse with the lord de la Riviere; for they respecting the hazard she incurred of being reduced to a poor estate would not depart until everything was completely settled, to the should she survive the count, as she had every appearance of doing; honor and profit of the crown, according to the instructions they had and it would be for her advantage to have riches and jewels in plenty, received from the king of France. which she might easily secure, if she would persuade her lord to listen to the proposals they had made for the purchase of the county of Blois. Ti'e countess, fi'om her avaricious disposition and her C IH A P T E R X X XVI. eagerness to receive the florins, assented, and procured everything A GRAND ASSEMBLY AT AMIENS, OF THE IN AND LORDS OF FRAN they wanted, with the assistance of another person, that is to say, AND a' valet-de-chambre of the count, called Sohier, who was the son AD ENGLAND, TO TREAT OF A PEACE BETWEEN THE TWO ING DOOS. of a cloth-worker in the town of Mechlin. This Sohier so com- OM. pletely governed the count, that everything was done as he ordered, WE will now speak of the grand assembly of the lords of France and the count had given him upward of five hundred francs of yearly and England, which was held in the city of Amiens, to treat of a revenue for ever. See the mischief of such cases, and how misera- final peace between the two countries, at Mid-lent, in the year of bly some lords are governed; for Sohier had neither prudence nor grace 1391. Great preparations were made before the arrival of the asense worth mentioning, to deserve such rewards, except the foolish lords; and in particular those made for the king, his three uncles, pleasure of his lord, who had taken a friendship to him. and many of the great barons and prelates, were very sumptuous. In like manner, the duke of Berry had a worthless fellow, called Other lords were desirous to make a figure; for it was currently reJames Thibaut, that governed him, to whom he had, at different ported and believed, that king Richard of England intended being times, given two hundred thousand francs, which he might as well there in person, to form an acquaintance with those he had never have thrown into the river. If, therefore, Sohier would have wished to have excused himselffor this sale taking place, he could not, for, if he * The viscount de Ch.teaubon was acknowledged as sovereign of Bdarn, by the nad pleased, it would never have been done; but to gratify the king, estates assembled at Orthis, 5th July, 1193. He was married to the only daughteref the dukes of Touraine and Bourbon, and the lord do Coucy, as well Don John king of Arragon-ED tr Gracien married Isabella de la Cerda, a daughter of the king of Castille. and as the countess of Blois, who, through avarice, had already consented heiress of the duchy of Medina Celi. —EIt. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 543 yet seen, but he did not come. That he had intentions of being of Lancaster rode between the dukes of Berry and Burgundy, and there was certain, for he came as far as Dover with his three uncles when their horses moved it was but a foot's pace. Their horses' of Lancaster, York, and Gloucester, meaning to cross the sea with heads were in a line, which they took care to keep; and thus these them. Many councils were held at Dover, to debate whether the three passed the gates, riding very slowly and paying each other king should proceed further or not; and the council, having con- mutual honors, to the palace of the bishop, where the king and the sidered all things, decided he should remain in the castle of Dover, duke of Touraine were. Having dismounted, they ascended the and the duke of Gloucester with him. The dukes of Lancaster and steps; and the dukes of Berry and Burgundy, taking the English York, the earl of Huntingdon, the earl of Derby, sir Thomas Percy, dukes by their hands, led them toward the king of France, the other the bishop of Durham, the bishop of London, and others of the king's lords following. council. prepared to cross the channel. They did not all pass over When in the presence of the king, the three dukes who supported the uncles of the king of England, and the other French lords, cast themselves on their knees; but the were, inclining gently their heads in honor of the king. The king instantly advanced to them, took their hands, and bade his uncles and ijOr~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~the other lords rise, and then en. K~~Be7~~~~ I~F~~~:.~~~~ ~~" tered into a friendly conversation thOtt ~! eyQ 4=,_. wwith them, as did'the barons of France with those of England. Af ter this first interview, the lords ot MN~~~,' England took their leave of the er Tiynlya tvshr ther afomihkind, his brother and uncles, and hithi. ~:.i'!;~ii*['II; werte assttlhenrded as far as the steps of the palace,when they cnmounted their horses, and were escorted to their cad hbtels by the constable of France, the,,s. lord de Coucy, the count de St. Pol, hsir John de Vienne, and the other lords of France, who there took leave, and went back to the king or to their lodgings.'The duchess of heJfn~ I kl tf,Ireland was lodged, with her attendants, at her father the lord de Coucy's h6tel. It had been forbidden by the king and council, (and public proclamation had been made before the arri. ASSEMBLY OF THE FRENCH KING AND THE LORDS OF FRANCE AND ENGLAND, TO TREAT OF A PEACE BETWEEN THE vaT of the English, that no one might two KiaeDoes. From a cIS. of Froissart of the Fifteenth Century. plead ignorance,) that any outrages whatever be committed during tne holding of these conferences under instantly, but sent their purveyances forward, and then crossed them- pain of death, or any quarrelling with the English, or riot, during their selves to Calais, where they were lodged. When the day apioached stay in the city of Amiens. Allknights and squires were strictly corn. for the meeting at Amiens, these lords set out from Calais together: manded by the king, under pain of incurring his indignation, not to they were more than two hundred horse, and it was a fine sight, for talk of, or propose, any deeds of arms to any knight or squire from Eng. they rode in handsome array. The king of France had given orders land, but to treat them with the utmost civility and attention wherever that, during the time the conferences should last, all the expenses of they should meet, in the fields, the palace, or in church: that no pages the English, in coming to and returning from Amiens to Calais, nor varlets of any lords of France cause riot or quarrels in the inns, should be defrayed by his treasury; that is to say, their nourishment under pain of losing their heads; and that whatever the English as well as that of their horses. knights or squires might ask for should be immediately given them; I[n company with the drkes of Lancaster and York was their that no innkeeper should demand payment for meat or drink, or niece, daughter of their sister and the lc.ud de Coucy: she was styled other common necessaries. It was also forbidden any knight or duchess of Ireland, having been married to that duke, as yo, have squire of France to be out at night without a torch; but the English heard. This young lady came to visit her father at Amiens; for might do so, if they pleased; and if any Englishman were found on hitherto she had seen but little of him, which naturally made her the roads, or in any other place, having lost his way, he should be more anxious to wait on him. She travelled in good state, but like courteously conducted to where he lodged. a widow who had enjoyed but little pleasure in her marriage. It Four guards of one thousand men each, were stationed at the four had been ordered by the king and council of France, that the Eng- squares of Amiens; and, should there be a fire during the night in lisa lords who were coming to Amiens to arrange a solid peace, any part of the town, these guards were not to move on any account should be received with the greatest honors; and that the four dukes from their posts; but, when the fire-bell rang, those appointed to then at Amiens, namely, the dukes of Touraine, Berry, Burgundy that duty were to hasten to extinguish it. It was likewise ordered, and Bourbon, should ride without the town to meet and bid them that no knight or squire should advance from his place to speak with wslcome. As soon, therefore, as the English were near Amiens, the king, unless called or spoken to by his majesty; and that, during these dukes, attended by all the great barons of France, rode forth the time the English barons were in the king's presence, no knight in grand array. The duke of Touraine took the lead, in great state, or squire converse together nor address the English. It was coniand, when he met his cousins of England, they mutually saluted manded, under heavy penalties, that no innkeeper, or others, steal or eb.ch other, with every respect, as such lords know how to do. put aside, through avarice, any of the bows or arrows of the English; When the duke of Touraine had conversed a short time with them, but if, out of courtesy, the English thought proper to give any to ho, took his leave, returned to the town with his numerous attendants, them, they might accept such presents. and dismounted at the palace of the bishop, where the king resided, You must know, that all these orders and regulations were formed remaining with him in his chamber. with great deliberation of council, to do the more honor to the EngThe other three dukes, after the departure of the duke of Tou- lish, who were come to negotiate a peace, and proclaimed several rildne, rode each with his array to meet the English lords; and, on times, that they might be strictly attended to; for, if they were tlieir meeting many old acquaintances were renewed with a satis- infringed, those guilty of it were to have been punished without fi ction such as was a pleasure to behold. When these dukes had mercy. c.nversed a little, the gallant count-dauphin of Auvergne (who, Every day, conferences were held with the English lords, with d uring the time he was a hostage in England, had lived much with scarcely any intermission, during the fortnight they stayed at Amiens, tire duke of Lancaster, and bore him great affection) advanced his without coming to any conclusion, for the difference was too great in h orse, and saluted him: the duke of Lancaster no sooner recollected their dembmds. The French would have Calais razed to the ground, h im than he pressed him in his arms, and showed him every sign of so that it should never again be habitable. The English would not fiiendship; their conversation was interrupted by the dukes of Berry listen to this, nor dared they consent to such an article in tihe treaty; and Burgundy, who joined the duke of Lancaster. The duke of for the commons of England love Calais more than any other town I Iourbon, the lord de Coucy and the count de St. PoI, rode with the in the world, saying, that as long as they are masters of Calais, they d.uke of York, the earl of Huntingdon and sir T'hornas Percy, con- carry the keys of France at their girdle. However great the differ ~ ersing all the way as they approached Amiens. At the entrance ence between the lords of England and France in these matters, ann, f the city, the honors paid the English were increased; for the duke the length of time they were occupied on them, they separated will 544Q CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN. &c. great good humor on both sides from the conference, saying, " We The king of France, when younger, had an anxious wish to an. will again meet to-morrow on this business; and we hope, through dertake an expedition against Amnurat, and recover Armenia, which our diligence, to bring the matter at last to a happy conclusion." the Turks had seized from king L6on, who was then present at the The king of France entertained the lords of England three times conferences at Amiens. He had stated his grievances to the dikes most magnificently at dinner in the episcopal palace. The duke of of Lancaster and York, who knew him well, for he had been in Touraine, the duke of Berry, the duke of Burgundy, the duke of England to offer his mediation for peace between the two countries, Bourbon, the lord de Coucy, the count de Saint Pol, gave each a when the king of' France was encamped near Sluys. The king of dinner to tile English commissioners. Whatever the English wanted France, weighing this invasion of the Turks in his mind, and his was delivered them, free of cost, by clerks who were appointed to former promises of support to the king of Armenia, thus spoke to take an account of all things they had, which they referred to the the duke of Lancaster when he took his leave: " Fair cousin, if peace king's exchequer for payment. shall be established between us and the king of England, we may You must know, that although the dukes of Lancaster and York undertake an expedition to Turkey, to assist the king of Armeria were at Amiens, they had received such instructions from the king and the emperor of Constantinople,* whom Amurat presses very hard, of England and his council, that they could not add to nor alter any and recover Armenia from the hands of the Turks. They tell us of the terms of' the treaty they had been charged with. Many per- that Amurat is a man of great valor and enterprise, but of a sect sons will not readily believe what I am about to say, though it is contrary to our faith, which he daily oppresses: we ought, therefore, strictly true, which is, that the English are fender of war than of to unite in its defence; and I entreat, fair cousin, that you will conpeace. During the reign of king Edward of happy memory, and in sider of it, and d(o everything you can to promote this expedition the lifetime of his son, the prince of Wales, they made such grand when returned to England." The duke of Lancaster promised to conquests in France, and by their victories and ransoms of towns, comply with his request, and to exert himself so strongly in the matter castles and men, gained such wealth, that the poorest knights became that the effects would soon be apparent. Upon this they took leave rich; and those who were not gentlemen by birth, by gallantly haz. of each other. arding themnselves in these wars, were ennobled for their valor and The conferences at Amiens lasted fifteen days, and the lords from wealth. Those who came after them were desirous of following England were the first to separate. They carried with them the out. the same road, although sir Bertrand du Guesclin and many other lines of a treaty, to lay before the king of England and his council. knights of France, as has been related in this history, by their valor The duchess of Ireland bade adieu to her father, the lord de Couey, and prudence had greatly changed the face of the English possessions and accompanied her uncles on their return. All the English, on in France since the times of king Edward and his son. Even the their road to and from Calais, and while at Amiens, need not to have duke of Gloucester, son of king Edward, inclined to the opinion of expended a farthing unless they chose it, for the king had ordered the commons, as did many other knights and squires, who were de- their whole expenses to be defrayed by his officers. The duke of sirouens of war to enable them to support their state. This caused Burgundy went to Arras, where he met his duchess, who, during great difficulties in forming any treaty of final peace, notwithstanding the time of the conferences, had visited Flanders. The dukes of the king of England was earnest about it. By him and the duke of Touraine, Berry, and Bourbon remained with the king, whose inten. Lancaster were these conferences holden, in the city ot Amiens; tion it was to go to Beauvais and Gisors, to amuse himself, and re but they were fearful of angering the commons of England: they turn that way to Paris. indeed would have consented to a peace, if the French would have In company with the dukes of Lancaster and York, were the two restored all that had been given them by the treaty of Bretigny, and French knights who were sent to England by orders from the king of paid the arrears of fourteen hundred thousand francs, which were France; their names were sir John de Chhteaumorant' and sir Taupin unsettled when they recomnmenced the war. de Cantemerle; and they were to bring back the final answer of the king and council of England respecting a general peace. The Eng. lish dukes were escorted to Calais by sir Reginald de Roye, the lord CHAPTER Xxf XXVII. de Montaurel and the lord de la Vieville, who then took their leave and returned. The English crossed the channel at their leisure, to THE FRENCH AND ENGLtSH LORDS, NOT BEING ABrLE TO AGREE ON THE Dover, where they found the king and duke of Lancaster waiting for TERMS OF PEAcE, FROLONG THE TRUCE ONE YEAR. THE ENGLISH, ON them. A grand council was holden by the king and his lords on all THEIR PRETURN, ARE ACCOMPANIED BY THE LORD DE CHATEAUMORANT, that had passed at Amiens; the king was well pleased with what TO BRING IBACK THE RIND OF ENGLAND'S FINAL ANSWER. his uncle~ had done there; but the duke of Gloucester, who was THE conferences were held at Amiens, respecting a peace, with always against any treaty with France, declared, that not any propogreat perseverance and attention on the part of the lords commission- sitions for peace could be determined on till they were laid before ers of each nation. It was wondered why the matter failed; for the parliament, which ought instantly to be summoned; and whatthe duke of Burgundy and the duke of Lancaster were much in ever measure the three estates of the realm should resolve on, that earnest to bring it to a happy conclusion, reserving always what was ought to be adopted, and none other. contained in their private instructions, which they dared not go be- This pioposal of the duke of Gloucester was agreed to: indeed yond. The French, perceiving the English were obstinate in their -they dared not oppose him, for he was too popular with the commons terms, in order to soften them offered, if they would consent to raze of England. The French knights were told that they must continue Calais, the peaceable possession of what they then held in Aquitaine, their journey to London, otherwise they could not obtain any answer. with nine bishoprics, independent of all other jurisdictions, and pay.- They were willing to consent to this, as was right, and set out with ment of the fourteen thousand franks within three years. The duke the king and his lords, the greater part of whom went to London; but of Lancaster and his council replied: "We have remained here a the king turned off at Dartford, and took the road to Eltham, where long time without concluding anything, nor shall we able to finish he had a handsome palace. He there staid some little time with the the business wiih-sit returning to England, and reporting to the king queen, and they came together to Shene,t and thence to Windsor, our lord, and the three estates of the realm, what you have now pro. where the French knights received an answer: but before I say what posed. Be assured, that my brother York and myself will use every that answer was, I must speak of the king of France. diligence, as well as our council who have attended us hither, in ending the matter according to our and your wishes, with the exception of what you demand concerning Calais; but that we dare not CHAPTER XXXVIII. mention, without incurring the hatred of the people. It will be therefore better to remain silent, than to say what would bring blame THE FIRST ILLNESS OF KING CHARLES. COUNT BERNARD D'ARMAGNAC therefore. better to remain silent, than to say w h a wol Crngban and hatred against us." The king of France was tolerably satisfied DOES MOXAGE TO THE KING. THE LORD DR CHATEAUMORANT RETURNS with this answer, as were his uncles: they said, that if, when returned FROM ENGLAND WITH AN ANSWaR RESPECTING PEACE. to England, they would exert themselves to obtain peace, a trifle on AFTER the conferences at Amiens, the king of France, unfortunately, their part should not prevent it; for the war had lasted too long, and and through his imprudence, was seized with a burning fever, for caused numberless misfortunes to both countries. which he was advised to change the air. He was put into a litter During the assembly at Amiens, the commissioners bethought and ared to Beauvais, where he remained in the bishop's alace themselves, that as the truce between France and England would a caed. Hisbrothere e raieinthbishp expire on St. John Baptist's day, they might prolong it, for themselves Berry andtil cur boer, attended him constantly, and this uncles ofthe andther alie, wthut ny lam, fr oe earlonerby ea ndBerry and Bourbon, attended him constantly, and there kept their and their allies, without any blame, for one year longer, by sea and Easter. When the king was perfectly recovered, and able to ride, land. With regard to the determination that might be given by the he went to Gisors, at the entrance of Normandy, for the pleasure of parliament to thei' proposals, they desired to send two knights with hunting, as there are many large forests in the neighborhood. Dt. them to England, to bring back the final answer. To this the dukes ring his residence at Gisors, sir Bernard d'Armagnac, brother to the cf Lancaster and York readily assented. count who died in Itally, came thither in handsome state, accompr~. I was told and believe truly, from the appearances I observed, that nied by the dauphin of Auvergne, whom he met at Paris. As he the king of France was very desirous of peace at almost any rate; held the counties of Armagnac and Rodez from the crown of Franco, f:r tht:e were reports current throughout France, that Amnurat* had he paid the king homage for them, in the usual manner of vassals t! invaded with a powerful army of Turks, the kingdom of Hungary. their lord paramount for the fiefs they hold. He became new tha The inte~lligence had been brought by the elder lord Boucicaut, mar. king of France's man, and, having had the articles of homage properly ahal of France, and sir John do Carouge, who were lately returned frhalom' G'reece, and parts ofTurkey Carou~e, who were lately returnedrawn out and engrossed, he and the dauphin took leave of the king:, from Greece an d parts of Turkey. a ~ Amrorat died the same year, arnd was succeeded by Bajiazet. —El). CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN. &c. 54 and returned to Auvergne and Languedoc. About Ascension.day, him, for tile duke had promised him an asylum; and, should the he king came to Paris in perfect health, and fixed his residence at king of France follow him with a powerful army to Brittany, in,he h6tel de Saint Pol, which had been prepared for him, the queea, one night he could embark and sail for Bayonne, Bordeaux, or Eng. and tihe duchess of Touraine having arrived there before him. land, where he could not come after him. The English mortally The lord de ChAteaumorant and sir Taupin de Cantemerle were hated Clisson, from his great 9everity to them from the time he had all this time waiting in England for an answer. They had attended turned to the French: before that period he was strongly connected the feast of Saint Gecrge at Windsor, where was a brilliant com- with them, and had done the crown essential services, as you have pany of barons, and the king's uncles. The lords who had been at had it related in this history. Amiens consulted together, on the promises they had made the king Sir Peter de Craon long brooded over this intended deed, without of France, as well as in respect to an answer for the two knights, mentioning it to any one: I know not if' he even told it to the duke who were very pressing to have one, and leave to return home. of Brittany. Some think he must have disclosed it to him; but After considering the matter, they thus addressed them: " You others thought the contrary: the first opinion, however, was strength. Chileaumorant, and you Cantemerle, must know, that at this mo- ened, if not confirmed, by sir Peter and his accomplices returning mnent we cannot obtain any answer for you to carry to the king of by the shortest road, and as expeditiously as possible, to Brittany, France. It will be a long time before the parliament will take up instantly after the assassination, as to a place of refuge. In addition the matter, for it does not meet before Michaelmas. But to acquit to this, he sold all the castles and estates he held in Anjou to the ourselves, and to excuse you, we will write letters fully explanatory duke of Brittany, and had renounced his allegiance to,he king ot of the delay; and if you, or any others, will return hither during the France, under pretence of taking a journey to the Holy Land. I sitting of' parliament, you shall receive such answer as the three shall not say more of these surmises, but relate the fact; for I, the estates of the kingdom shall think proper to give." The French author of this history, was at Paris when th.a m-isfortune happened iknights hearing this, and seeing no probability of having any other to sir Oliver de Clisson, and ought, therefore,o be well informed answer, replied, " In the name of God, we are satisfied with what from the inquiries I made concerning it. you now say: write and seal yourletters, and we will set out on our You must know, that at this period sir Peter de Craon had a return." This being done, they took leave of the king, and went to very handsome house near the churchyard of Saint John at Paris,* London to make preparations for their departure. The king ordered like other great lords, to receive him, when he came to that city. all their expenses to be' paid, and had them conducted to Dover, This h6tel was, in his absence, under the care of a house-steward; where the bailiff had provided a vessel for them and their horses; and, during the last Lent season, he had sent varlets thither for his but they were detained at Dover five days waiting for a wind. On service, with orders to lay in a large store of wines, and all sorts of?he sixth it was favorable, and they landed at Boulogne. They provision. He had likewise written to the steward to purchase for took their road through Amiens, and by short days' journeys arrived him armor, such as coats of' mail, gauntlets, steel helmets, and other at Paris, when they found the king and his lords, for it was Whit- things sufficient for forty men, and to let him know when they were suntide. They delivered their letters, which were immediately read, provided, that he might send for them, but to observe the greatest but I believe no great reliance was put on them; and in a short secrecy in the business. The steward, thinking no harm, obeyed: time, they had other affairs of greater consequence at home to at- the orders, and provided the armor; during which time, sir Peter tend to. resided at a handsome castle of his in Anjou, called Sable, from, whence he sent at different times four or more determined fellows,. C H A ~P T ER x x x I X. in the most secret manner possible, to his h6tel in Paris. Hle said, C HA P TER XX X IX. to them nothing more when they left him, but, "When you arrive bsrl PETER DE CRAON, TItROtC.GU M~ALEvOLENcE, WAYLAYS SIR OLIVER aE sr PETER DE CRAON, THROGH ALEVOLNCE, WYLYS SIR OIVER DE t my house in Paris, make yourselves comfortable, and ask the, CLISSON, BEATS AND SEVERELY WOUNDS HIM. THE. KING AND COUNCIL cLISSON, BEATS AND SEERELY woNs HIM. TItNG AND COUNCIL house-steward for whatever you may want, who will instantly give, ARE GREATLY ANGERED THiEREAT. it to you; but do not, oni any account, pass the gates or show yourYou have before heard how sir Peter de Craon, a knight of high selves. I will one day satisfy you well for your obedience, and pay birth and great wealth, was disgraced by the king of France and his you handsome wages." Upon this, they departed, and journeyed to: brother, as well as the roasons for it; and that having retired to the Paris, which they entered at their pleasure; for in those days the court of Brittany, the duke had assured him that sir Oliver de Clis- gates were never shut night or day. At length, they amounted to son was at the bottom of this business. Some supposed the duke forty courageous bravos, for such were what sir Peter wanted. had been instigated to say this from his hatred to the constable, There were several among them who, had they known the business whom he wished to dishonor and destroy. While sir Peter de Craon they were engaged in, would not have come; but sir Peter took good was with the duke of Brittany, they had frequent conversations on care not to betray his secret. About the feasts of Whitsuntide, sir' what means they would employ to put sir Oliver to death; for' they Peter de Craon came to his h6tel in Paris, not in state, but as'pri-. said, that if he were but destroyed, no one would seek to revenge vately as his men had done. On his arrival, he asked for the porter, his loss; and the duke expressed his regret he had not put him to and said: "I command thee, under pain of having thy eyes thruac death whet' in his castle of Ermine, adding, he would willingly give out, not to admit either man or woman into the h6tel, nor permit any one hundred thousand francs if he could once more have him in his one to go out, without my special orders." The porter, as well as possession. Sir Peter de Craon, observing the mortal hatred of the the house-steward, promised obedience. He shut up in their cham-. duke to Clisson, thought of an extraordinary expedient when medi- bers the wife of the latter, her children and the chambermaid. He tarting alone on this subject, for it is from appearances we must judge. was in the right to do this. Had these women or children gone into lie resolved, whatever might be the consequences, that he would the street, his arrival would have been known; for young children himself assassinate the constable, or have it done under his own and women naturally tell all they see, and what is intended to be' eyes, and not attend to anything until the deed were performed, concealed. Thus, as I have related, were the whole of his people wheyn he would afterwards treat for his pardon. He was no way confined within the walls of the hbtel, until the feast of the holy afraid of what John of Blois or the viscount de Rohan, who aad sacrament. You may suppose, that sir Peter had his spies fully em.. married the constable's two daughters, could do against him: he ployed to bring him intelligence; but it was not until the eve of this' held them very cheap, for, with the assistance of the duke and his feast he found a fit opportunity to execute his scheme, which had family connections, he could withstand them both. The house of vexed him much. Blois was much weakened, and the count Guy de Blois had just sold It happened that, on the feast of the holy sacrament, the king of the reversion of that county to the duke of Touraine, which by sue- France kept an open court at the hbtel de St. Pol, where he entercession, ought to have descended to John of Brittany, who had in tained all barons and lords who were in Paris. He was in high en — this sate been'very unkindly treated by the count de Blois. Now, joyment, as were the queen and the duchess of Touraine: to add to if the constable were slain, by degrees he would soon get the better their amusements, after the dinner, lists were prepared within the; of the favorites of the king and the duke of Touraine, such as the courts of the hotel, and young knights and squires, ready armed and; lord de la Riviere, sir John le Mercier, Montagu, le bbgue de Vii- mounted for tilting, cane thither, and justed very gallantly. The.' laines, sir John de Bueil, and others in the king's confidence who tiltings were well performed, to the delight of the king and queen., were friends of the constable, and whom the dukes of Berry and ladies, and damsels, and lasted until the evening. The prize for theBurgundy detested, notwithstanding the outward marks of firiend- best tilter was adjudged by the queen, the duchess of Touraine, and' ship they showed them. ihe ladies and heralds appointed to the office, to sir Wilfliam de Flan-. Sir Peter de Craon persevered in his abominable designs, urged dies, count de Namrnur. The king entertained at supper, in the h6.. on by that enemy who never sleeps, and who deights in the heart tel do St. Pol, every knight who wished to partake of it; and,: (if tie wicked man that is inclinetd toward him. He regularly formed afterwards, the dancings continued until one o'clock in the morning. his whole plan, in the manner I shall mention; but, had lie foreseen When these were over, everyone retired to his home, without guard the great evils and mischief that ensued from theni, it is to be hoped and without suspicion. Sir Oliver de Clisson remained the last; reason and temperance wol~ld have ruled in his hbeart to prevent'hlm from being put into execution. It is truly said, that a too'"'The street of the Maavais-gartons, in tile rue des Boucheries, took its name from great desire to accomplish an object clouds tile understanding, and a sigli. With rogiir to (ie other rae des Mauvais~gartoa, which leads fiom the we de la Verrorie to that of' it Tixeranderie, it was formee~l called rim de Chartiron; but that vicious inclinations overrule virtue. Thus it lnppei.l t:) sir wvhen the lords de Crson muilt a heuse there, which is row' a churchyard, it was calledi Peter de Craon, whose eagerness to destroy the conoti'hib. made hib rue de Crion, to tise tisie when Peter de Craon hid himsolf tam accotsplices within it5 to. listen to the counsels of folly and madness. He hail iur'u~ed a sole iasasin oate ii r Oliver do Clisseri. The street then change d it s nam e, and was called la' retreat with the mulrke of Brittany, after the deed sho i... lie b e rid rulos Miiavao-gartons. The hhel was, by orders freom the king. razed to the groand.i. il the spot civCe to the rhurct-wardens of St. John, to enlarge their churchyard. — the cor. stable dead, without fear of any search beig 11he01e marie foir 8 -sal.ntiruit~s de Pr'is. M4~ CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. and, when he had taken leave of the king, he returned to the apartment of the duke of Touraine, and asked, " My lord, shall you stay C H A P T E R XL. here to-night, or do you go to Poulain's?" This Poulain was treas THE KING OF FRANCE SENDS HIS OWN HYSICIANS AND SURGEONS T arer to the duke of Touraine, and lived at the Croix du Tiroir, near vIIT THE CONSTALE DURING THE NIGHT. P IE ORDERS THE FROthe "iSver Lion. The duke replied: "Constable, I am not deter- V. T TEOSBEURIGTENH. ODRTEPO mined whether I shall stay or not; but do you go, for it is high time VOST OF ARIS TO FURSUE SIR PETER DE CRAON, WHO HAD FL FoR REFUGE TO THE DUKE OF BmRITANY. SOME OF HIS MEN, HAVto retire." "My lord, God give you a good night l" said sir Oliver, ING REMAINED AT TARIS, BRE EXECUTED. and went away. Ile found his servants and horses waiting for him in the square before the hotel; but they had not more than eight or THus was sir Oliver de Clisson left for dead at the baker's, who ten torches, which the varlets lighted. When the constable was was much frightened when he learnt it was the constable. Sir mounted, and the torches were borne before him, he rode down the Oliver's attendants, who had been little hurt, for sir Peter de Craon's broad street of St. Catherine. men were only bent on killing their master, collected together as Sir Peter de Craon's spies had this day exerted themselves, and he well as they could, and dismounting before the baker's door, entered knew every particular relative to the constable: of his staying behind the shop, where they found their lord severely wounded on the head, the rest of the company, the exact number of his horses and attend- and his face covered with blood. They were, as may be supposed, ants. He had, in consequence, quitted his hotel with his men all greatly affected, and with tears and groans bewailed his loss, for a: mounted and secretly armed; but there were not six of them who the first momrnent they thought he was a dead man. knew what his real intentions were. He had advanced to the cause. News of this was carried to the king at the hbtel de Saint Pol, way, near the place of St. Catherine, where he and his people lay just as he was going into bed. In much alarm, they said, "Ah, hid, waiting for the constable to pass. As soon as the constable had sire! we dare not conceal from you a shocking event that has just left the street of St. Pol, and turned into the square of the great happened in Paris." "What event?" asked the king. "Your street, advancing a foot's pace, with a torch on each side to light constable, sir Oliver de Clisson, is murdered." "Murdered " rehim, he began a conversation with one of his squires, saying: "I anm peated the king. "tHow? and who has done it?" "Sihre, that we to have at dinner, to-morrow, my lord of Touraine, the lord de do not know; but this misfortune has befallen him hard by, in the Coucy, sir John de Vienne, sir Charles d'Angers, the baron d'Ivry, great street of St. Catherine." " Come, quickly light torches, for I and several more: be sure take care they have all things comforta- will go and see him," replied the king. The torches being ready, ble, and let nothing be spared." As he said this, sir Peter de Craon the varlets bore them before; and the king threw only a cloak ovei and his company advanced, and, without saying a word, fell on the him, while the shoes were putting on his feet. The men-at-arms constable's attendants and extinguished the torches. The constable, and ushers of the guard of the palace escorted him. Those who hearing the clatter of the horses behind him, thought it was the duke were gone to bed, on hearing what had passed, instantly dressed of Touraine who was playing him a trick, and cried out: "My lord, themselves to follow the king, who had left the h6tel de Saint Pol in by my faith, this is very ill done; but I excuse it, for you are so such haste, that sir Walter Martel and sir John de Lignac were the young you make a joke of everything." At these words, sir Peter only chamberlains that attended him, for he would not wait for oth. de Craon, drawing his sword from the scabbard, said: "Death, ers, and thus he walked at a good pace with torches before and bedeath! Clisson, you must die." "Who art thou," said Clisson, "that hind him. In this manner he arrived at the baker's shop, which he atterest such words?" "I am Peter de Craon, thy enemy, whom entered; but the chamberlains, with many torches, staid without. thou hast so often angered, and thou shalt now pay for it." Then, The king found his constable nearly in the state he had heard him calling to his people, he said: "Advance, advance! I have found to be in, except that he was not dead; for his servants had stripped ohim I was in search of, and whom I have long wanted to seize." him to see if he had received many wounds, and where they had He then struck hint several blows, and his men, drawing their been given. The first words the king said, were, " Constable, how:swords, fell on him. Sir Oliver was quite unarmed, having only a fares it with you?" ".Dear sire," replied lie, "but so so, and very:short cutlass, not two feet long, which, however, he drew, and de- wealk." "And who has put you in this state?" " Sire, Peter de:ended himself with it as well as he could. His servants, being quite Cracn and his accomplices have traitorously, and without the small idefenceless, were soon dispersed. Some of sir Peter's men asked, est suspicion, attacked me." " Constable," said the king, "11noth. if they were to murder all? "Yes," replied he, "all who put ing shall ever be mniore severely punished than this crime, nor can ary:themselves in a posture of defence." They could not resist the sufferings make amends for it: run quickly," added the king, "for ~attack, for they were but eight, and without armor. Sir Peter's men doctors and surgeons." These were before sent for; and they fully inltended to murder the constable, and their master wished noth- arrived from all quarters, particularly those attached to the king's ing more than to see it done; but, as I heard from some of those person. On their arrival, the king was well pleased, and said, who had been in this attack, the moment they learnt that the person "'Attend well to my constable, and tell me what state he is in; for.they were assassinating was the constable of France, their arms be- I am sorely grieved at lis misfortune." The doctors, having declared came, as it were, nerveless through surprise, and their blows were they would, examined him all over, the king being present, who igiven weakly and through fear: for in perpetrating wickedness none was greatly angered at this event: he asked, "If there were any are bold. danger of death?" The doctors unanimously replied, "Sire, cer. The constable parried the blows tolerably well with his short cut- tainly not; and, within fifteen days, we will restore him well enough Jlass; but his defence would have been of no avail, if God's provi. to ride on horseback."'This answer pleased the king, who said, dence had not protected him. He kept steady on horseback some " God be praised, this is excellent news." Then addressing himself time, until he was villainously struck on the back part of his head, to the constable, added: "Take care of yourself, and do not think.which knocked him off his horse. In his fall, he hit against the of this or other business; no crime shall be more rigorously pun..hatch of a baker's door,, who was already up to attend to his busi. ished than that of these traitors: they shall pay for it as if it were ness and bake his bread. Having heard the noise of horses on the done to myself." The constable faintly answered, "May God repay,causeway and high words, the baker had, fortunately for the con-. you all, and for your kindness in this visit." stable, half opened the hatch; and sir Oliver, falling against it, burst On this, the king took leave and returned to his palace, and sent it quite open and rolled into the shop. Those on horseback could for the provost of Paris, who made no long delay before he arrived, not follow him, as the entrance was neither wide nor high enough, for it was now quite day. When the provost entered, the king said;.and besides, they (lid their work like cowards. It must be owned for "Take with you a body of armed men, and pursue that traitor, Peter truth, that God showed great favor to the constable: if he had not de Craon, who has treacherously assassinated, and nearly murdered, -exactly fallen against the hatch, or if it had been closed, he would our constable. You cannot do us a more agreeable service than to.infallibly have lost his life, and have been trampled to death by the take him aid bring him before us." The provost replied: "Sire, I horses, for they were afraid to dismount. Several of them imagined, will do everything in my power; but what road do you suppose he,even sir Peter de Craon and the person who had hit him, that the may have taken?" "Inquire, and make good diligence," said the blow on his head which unhorsed him must cause his death: sir king. At that time, the fotr principal gates of Paris were always Peter, therefore, said: " Come, let us away: we have done enough: open night and day: this regulation had been observed from the -if he be not dead, he never can recover from the last blow, which time the king returned from Flanders, after defeating the Flemings was given by a lusty arm." On saying this, they collected together at the battle of Rosebecque, and when the Parisians, showing symp-.and left the place at a good trot, and were soon at the gate of Saint toms of rebellion, had their mallets taken from them. In order the Anthony, which they passed, and ga.ned the fields; for since the more easily to chastise the Parisians, sir Oliver de Clisson had adibattle of Rosebecque, ten years ago, the gates were never shut. vised the chains to be taken from acrsss the streets, and the gates:The Parisians had then their mallets taken from them by the con. off their hinges, which had been done; and the gates had been, for.stab!e) and many of the citizens punished and fined for their impru. the last ten years, lying against the walls, so that any one might dclent Ionduet as I have fully narrated. enter, or go out of Paris, at all hours. Now, observe how the seasons repay, sir Oliver reaped what he had sown himself: had the gates and chains remained, sir Peter de Creor would not have dared to commit this outrage, for he could never have got out of Paris; but knowing he could set off at any hour, he was encouraged thus to disgrace himself. When he left the. constable, he concluded he was dead, or at least that he would never recover; but it was not so, as you have heard, to his great mortification. He quitted Paris by St. Anthony's gate, about one o'clock in the morning, and, as some say CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &e. $IA crossed the Seine at the bridge of Charenton, and continued his road try as far as Estamps. On Saturday he arrived to dinner at Char. to Chartres; but, according to others, after going out of Paris, he tres, where he heard the truth of his escape, and concluded it would returned by the gate of St. Honor6, under Montmartre, and crossed be fruitless to follow him, as he must be at too great a distance. He the Seine at"Pongon. Whichever way he passed the river, he ar- returned to Paris on the Sunday, and related to the king the country rived at Chartres at eight o'clock in the morning, with some of the he had been over, with the same ill success as the provost had b6. best mounted of his accomplices. All did not follow but took differ- fore complained of. ent routes, and in small companies, to avoid being taken in the pur. On the Saturday morning, the officers of justice, who had been suit. On his way to Paris he had ordered twenty horses to be in searching all the villages round Paris, discovered in a hamlet seven waiting for him, at the house of a canon, who was his friend and leagues from Paris, two men-at-arms, squires to sir Peter de Craorn had served him; but it would have been better for him never to and his page, who had stopped in this village from inability or unhave known him, although the canon was ignorant of the crime he willingness to proceed further. They were arrested by the officers, had committed. Sir Peter de Craon, on his arrival at Chartres, drank brought back to Paris, and executed on the Monday following. They some wine and changed horses, and then instantly departed, taking were, however, first led to the place where the crime had been corn. the road for Maine. He continued his journey, until he came to a mitted, and each had his hand cut off at the wrist: they were then strong castle he still possessed, called Sable, where he stopped and beheaded in the market-place, and their bodies hung on a gibbet. refreshed himself, and said he would not go further, but wait there On the Wednesday following, sir Peter's house-steward was exeuntil he heard some intelligence of the constable. cuted; but many said this was unjustly done, while others replied, On the Friday, the day following this assassination, it was all the that he s-fered for not having revealed the arrival of sir Peter de news of Paris, and every one greatly blamed sir Peter de Craon. Craon at Paris. The canon of Chartres, at whose house sir Peter The lord de Coucy was no sooner informed of it, than he mounted had stopped to refresh himself and change horses, was arrested and his horse, attended by only seven persons, and rode to the constable's confined in the bishop's prison. Everything he possessed was con. hotel behind the Temple, whither he had been carried; for they fiscated, and himself condemned to perpetual imprisonment on bread mutually loved each other, styling themselves brothers and compan- and water: no excuses he could plead for his innocence in this mat. ions in arms. This interview with the lord de Coucy was of service ter were of the smallest avail, though he bore in Chartres the characto the constable; and he was visited by all the other lords of the ter of an honest prudent man.* court. The duke of Touraine accompanied the king in his next Sir Peter de Craon was exceedingly vexed, when he heard for cervisit: the two brothers were very wroth, and said sir Peter de Craon tain, at his castle of Sable, whither he had retired, that the constable had committed this crime in spite of them; and that it was a plot was not dead, and had not received any wounds that, in six weeks' formed by traitors to throw the kingdom into confusion. The duke time, could prevent him mounting his horse. He considered that lihe of Berry, who was at the time in Paris, dissembled his sentiments, would not be safe in this castle when it should be known where he and seemed to make light of what had passed. I, the author of this was, and that he would be too closely surrounded to quit it when he history, was then informed, that if he had pleased, this accident would pleased. He, in consequence, gave the charge of it to some of his not have happened, for it was in his power to have prevented it, and people, and left it secretly, taking the road toward Brittany, where I will tell you how. he arrived without stopping and found the duke at Susmet.t The The day of the feast of the holy sacrament, a clerk, who was one duke, who had already heard the issue of the assassination, and that of the farniliars of sir Peter de Craon, came to the duke of Berry, the constable was not dead, said, on receiving sir Peter de Craon, and said: "My lord, I would willingly open my mind to you, re- "You are a poor creature, who cannot slay a man when you have specting some improper conduct that is going forward, which is ille- him in your power." "My lord," replied sir Peter, "it was a dam. gal, and may end unfortunately, for you are more able than any other nable business. I believe all the devils in hell, to whom he belongs, to put a stop to it." "What is it?" asked the duke. " My lord, I defended him, and preserved him from mine and my men's blows. must first insist that you promise my name shall never be brought There were upward of sixty thrusts and cuts made at him with into question; for, to prevent great mischief being done, and the swords and cutlasses; and when he was knocked off his horse, in peril that may ensue in the matter, I am come to discover the whole good truth, I thought he was dead; but his good fortune made him to you." " Speak out then, boldly," replied the duke: "I will bear fall against the hatch of a baker's shop that was half open, by which you through it." "My lord," said the clerk, "I very much suspect means he rolled into the shop. Had he fallen in the street we would that sir Peter de Craon intends murdering the constable; for he has have killed him, and trampled him under our horses' feet." "Well," collected within his hotel, in the churchyard of St. John, a number said the duke, "it cannot be otherwise at present. I am sure it will of companions, whom he has secretly kept there, ever since Whit- not be long before I hear from the king of France, and shall incur suntide. Should he accomplish his purpose, the king will be exceed- as much hatred as yourself. Keep quiet near me; for I am convinced ingly vexed, and confusion ensue to the kingdom. It is for this I things will not remain as they now are, but that the king and con. disclose it to you, my lord; for, although I am secretary to my lord stable will wage a serious war against me. However, since I prom. of Craon, and have sworn fidelity to him, I cannot suffer such an ised you protection, I will keep my word." outrage to be committed. If you do not take measures to prevent this none others will, at this moment, and I beg you Will remember what I have now told you, at a proper opportunity; for, since I find CHA T R XI. sir Peter de Craon is determined to persevere in this business, I must fly, and never again return to his service." The duke of Berry per- THE KING OF FRANCE SUMMONS THE DUKE OF BRITTANY TO DELIVER UP fectly well comprehended all the clerk had told. He said to him: SIR PETERE RA ANS T ENG S SFC R, "Remain with me to day, and to-morrow morning I will inform my ING DECARES AR AGAINT HI. THE CINS UNCLES URU zn THE~~I~ GRECATRICES OAF THEAINSTABLE~I WHE{ICH' WEENICLOED BYMU H.IS lord of this plot. It is now too late, and I wish not to trouble the TE GREAT RICHE OF THE CONSTABLE, wI WEE iscos B king on such a day as this, but, to.morrow, I will not fail doing it; WILL. and we will provide a remedy, since sir Peter de Craon is in the INTELLIGENCE was brought to the kring of France, some days after town, which I was ignorant of." Thus, by the delay and negligence the assassination of the constable, that the duke of Brittany had re of the duke of Berry, did the mischief happen, as I have related. ceived sir Peter de Craon. His most confidential counsellors advised The provost of Paris, with upward of sixty horse, issued out at the him to send instantly to the duke of Brittany, and summon him, on gate of St. HonorS, on the traces of sir Peter de Craon. When he his faith and homage, should that false traitor to the crown of France, came to Ponjon, to cross the Seine, he asked the bridge-keeper, if sir Peter de Craon, be in any part of Brittany, to arrest him and send any one had passed that morning? he answered: "Yes, my lord, a him without delay to France. When these letters were written and company of about twelve horsemen; but I did not see any knight or sealed, they were given to one of the king's messengers, who set out person whom I knew." "And what road did they take?" demanded for Brittany, and found the duke at his castle of Ermine, near Vannes. the provost. "That leading to Vannes," said the bridge-master. The duke, having received and read the letters, told the messenger, "Ah," replied the provost, "it may very probably be they, who are he would write an answer to the king. The substance of it was, making for Cherbourg." He then quitted the road to Chartres, fol- that he excused himself from knowing anything of sir Peter do Craon, lowing that to Cherbourg, and thus lost all traces of them. When or where he was; nor did he wish to know anything, for it was no they had rode on the road to Vannes till it was dinner-time, they concern of his; and that, as to sir Peter's hatred and quarrel with met a knight of that country hare-hunting; and, making inquiry from sir Oliver de Clisson, it no way touched or regarded him, and he en. him, he said that he had seen in the morning about fifteen horsemen treated the king to hold him excused. When this answer had been riding over the fields, and he thought they were going to Chartres. properly drawn up and sealed, it was given to the messenger, who Upon this, the provost again changed his road, and, arriving in the returned with it to Paris. The king and his council were impatient evening at Chartres, learnt that sir Peter de Craon had been at the to receive the duke's answer; and, when the letters were delivered canon's house about eight o'clock, where he had disarmed himself to the king, he attentively read them, and turning to his brother the and changed horses. He now saw that all further pursuit would be vain, as sir Peter had got so nmuch before him, and returned to Paris * A process was instituted against Peter de Craon, who was condemned for contu oia the Saturday. macy. All his goods were confiscated, his houses taken possession of, his furniture seized by the king and his lands given to the duke of Orleans and other courtiers. The The king of France and the duke of Touraine were very anxious monk of St. Denis relates that Jean de Vienne, the admiral of France, who was charged to lay hands.on sir Peter de Craon; and, as it was uncertain what withl taking possession of the estate of Fertr-Bernard, disgraced himself by infamously rqad he had taken, they ordered sir John le Barrois, with sixty horse, outraging the modesty of Jeanne de Chastillon the wife of Peter de Craon. and her daughter, a celebrated beauty of the time, and afterwards turning them out ofdoors ia after him by the gate of Saint Anthony. Sir John crossed the Seine their chemises. —sBvcaoos. and Marne at the bridge of Charenton, and scoured the whole coun. t "Au Susmet." Q. Succinio. which was a residence of the duke of Brittany 548 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, S 1AIN, &c. duke of Touraine, and the council said, "This is not satisfactory." Others replied, that the duke of Brittany was at the bottom of the C H A P T E R X L II. whole mischief. The king and the duke of Touraine declared that THE DUKE OF TORAINE IS CEATD DUKE o oREAS. T CONSTB such an outrage was too great to be lightly passed over, and was a OF FRANCE BEING RECOYRED, TDE OF O FRANC ADT ANCES TO direct attack on the royal mjety of France. ANS, WIT THE INTENTION OF CONrNUINi IS NARCn, To NMKI The duke of Berry was at this time in Paris, and, in his frequent WAR ON THE DUKE OF BRITTANY. visits to the palace, the king talked much to him concerning the crime of sir Peter de Craon. The duke replied: "My lord, he has certainly WHEN all things were ready for the king's departure from Paris, committed a great outrage; and if it were known where he was, I an exchange of lands was made between the king and the duke of would advise that he be arrested aniid punished for it." "Good uncle," Touraine, but this exchange was greatly in favor of the duke; for said the king, "he is now with the duke in Brittany, and nowhere he surrendered to his brother the duchy of Touraine and;is depend. else: we are determined to march thither, and you shall accompany encies, receiving in return the duchy of Orleans, which was of four us." The duke of Berry assented, though he was dissembling his times the value, on the same terms and conditionsthat Philip duke real sentiments, and added, " My lord, we must have our good of Orleans had formerly held it. We shall henceforward call him brother of Burgundy also with us." " We will have him," replied the duke of Orleans.* The king was so pleased when sir Oliver de the king, "for we will not go without him; and our army shall be Clisson had recovered from his wounds sufficiently to ride, that he of strength sufficient to conquer all our enemies. We now clearly said he would now set out from Paris to Brittany, to show he made see, that this duke of Brittany neither loves nor esteems us. Good the quarrel his own. In consequence, he and the duke of Orleans uncle, he is very proud and presumptuous; and we will not attend took leave of the queen, the duchess, and the other ladies and dam. to any other affair until we have brought him to reason." Thus did sels who were at the hotel de Saint Pol, and went that night to the the king and the duke of Berry converse together: the duke assented house of his minister, Montagu, where they supped and lay. The to everything his nephew proposed, though determined, in his own duke of Bourbon, the count de Namur, and the lord de Coucy, went mind, to act in opposition to it. The king of France was too earnest with them. I know not if they all lay there, but the king did so, in his desire to revenge the insult offered his constable, and was and dined there on the morrow. In the afternoon he departed in daily pressing forward the preparations for his expedition to Brittany. handsome array, and supped and lay at St. Germain-en-Laye, where He was to march first into Anjou, to destroy all tlhe castles and pos- he remained several days. At this period, according to the report sessions held there by sir Peter de Craon, notwithstanding the duke of his physicians, the king's health was not good: but, he was so of Brittany claimed them for his own by purchase. The king and impatient to carry on the war, he declared his health was better than his council answered, that he had never had possession given him of theirs. This he said to push forward the business; for his two them; and that from having supported and protected sir Peter de uncles of Berry and Burgundy were still behind, and showed clearly Craon, he had incurred personally the indignation of the crown of the expedition was contrary to their opinion, and that willingly they France, although a marriage had this season been formed between would avoid going with him. They had, however, issued sum. the son of the duke and a princess of France. menses to their vassals, for they were bound in honor to accompany While these preparations were going forward, and the rumor of the king. the king's expedition against Brittany was everywhere talked of in When the king had sojourned at St. Germain for fifteen days, and France, the bishop of Noyon and the lord de la Riviere returned to the different lords were arrived, or on the road, he was advised to Paris, having fulfilled their mission to Barn and Foix. They related depart. He did so, crossed the Seine, and marching for Chartres, to the king and council what they had done, but the affairs of Brittany arrived at Auneau, a good town and handsome castle, that belonged occupied so entirely the time of the council, they could not attend to to the lord de la Riviere in right of his wife. In company with him anything else; and the king was impatient for the constable to be were the dukes of Orleans and Bourbon. The lord de la Riviere sufficiently recovered to mount his lorse. received the king and these lords very magnificently, as he was able Before the king left Paris, he commanded the very handsome hotel to do, and they remained his guests for three days. On the fourth sir Peter de Craon had, near the churchyard of Saint John, to be day they departed, and went to Chartres, of which place the brother razed to the ground, and the spot given for an addition to the church- of Montagu was bishop. The king, the duke of Orleans, and the yard. The king ordered large provision of stores to be made on the duke of Bourbon, were lodged in the episcopal palace. On the roads to Anjou, Maine, Touraine, Brittany, and along the banks of second day, the duke of Berry, and the count de la Marche, cainme the Loire, ready for his intended expedition: for no one dared to there; but the duke of Burgundy was still behind. He had begun make any opposition to it. It was well known in Paris, and likewise his journey, and on the fourth day arrived, to the great joy of the in different parts of the country, that sir Oliver de Clisson, constable king. Men-at-arms were pouring in from all quarters; and the king of France, had made his will, in order that, in case of death from his said he never would return to Paris until he had made the duke of wounds, his heirs might know where to seek for his wealth. He had Brittany listen to reason, who had so often given him plague and but two children, both females, one married to John of Brittany, vexation. There were too many about the king, who urmed him on; count de Penthievre, whom he had ransomed from England for six so that the dukes of Berry and Burgundy, who wished for more score thousand francs paid to the duke of Ireland, as has been related. moderate counsels, were not attended to. This created a disgust in His other daughter was, or would be viscountess de Rohan, in right them and their advisers; and they said among themselves, that public of her husband. The whole of his money and moveable property, affairs could not long remain in their present hazardous and unsettled without including any part of his heritage, amounted to seventeen circumstances, and that the king was cutting out for himself and hundred thousand francs, to the great astonishment of all who heard kingdom work enough, when he rejected the advice of his uncles it, as to the means by which he had been able to amass so large a and listened to others of little weight. After staying about seven sum. The dukes of Berry and Burgundy, in particular, were much days in Chartres, he departed for Mans. He was followed by men. surprised, as well as their councils, for the constable was not any way at-arms from Artois, Beauvais, Vermandois and Picardy, and other in favor with them: so that, when among themselves they thus spoke distant countries. They said when together, "How comes this duke very freely on the subject: "How the devil can this constable have of Brittany to give us so much trouble. He is full of pride, and has collected such an immense sum of florins, and such splendid furni- never been truly affectionate to the crown of France. If it had not ture? The king of France has nothing like it. We must suppose been for his cousin, the late earl of Flanders, who supported him, that it has not been lawfully acquired." This passed off; but those and the duchess of Burgundy, who does so at this moment, he would who hated him did not think the less of it. long ago have been destroyed. He never could bear the lord de The king was still at Paris, though his preparations were ready; Clisson from the moment he quitted the English party, and is greatly and all who had been summoned to accompany the expedition to to blame now in assisting sir Peter de Craon against the king and Brittany were assembling accordingly. The duke of Burgundy was, the constable." Others replied, "Let the king alone; for he has however, much vexed at this war, saying that it was made without taken this business so much to heart, he will make the duke repent reason, and would end badly; for neither France nor Brittany, nor of it before he returns." "That hlie will," said others, "if there be their knights and squires, were any way concerned in the quarrel no treachery in his way. Do you suppose that all who now accom. between sir Oliver de Clisson and sir Peter de Craon; nor had they pany him are enemies to the duke of Brittany? Certainly not; fol any business to make war on their account, but should let them fight whatever they may dare say, they show their intentions too openly it out themselves, without thus destroying and harassing the poor of by their actions. They are plotting night and day how they may both countries. The duke of Berry was of the same opinion; but prevent the expedition, and they harass the king so much, it will be they could not be heard, for the king had other counsellors, to whom well if he keep his health." he listened in preference. They knew not, therefore, how to prevent Such were the conversations of the mem..at-arms onr their march, the war from taking place, and when they saw the king was obsti- following the king to Maine. The king, h: hlii arrival at Mans, was nately bent upon it, they obeyed, but as slowly as they could. I lodged in the castle, and his lords in the town, as well as the state heard, and believe it true, that, through the intervention of the duke of its accommodations would allow. The army spread themselves ef Burgundy, the count d'Ostrevant was summoned by the king of abroad in the plains, which were rich and good lodging for men-at. France to attend him with three hundred lances: the count, who arms. The king and his court remained at the city of Mans upward loved arms, made his preparations, and summoned his vassals; but, of three weeks, for the kiing was in a very feverish state and unfit to when he had completed everything at a great expense, he received ride. The physicians told the duke of Orleans and his uncles, that counter-orders, not to stir. the king was oppressed with too much business, and was not in a situation to go through with it; that rest and quiet were absolutely * ie was created Duke st' Orleans on the 4th of June. tH-3. —ED. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE SPAIN, &c. 54g necessary, for that ever since he had left Amiens after the confer have heard from you. We shall learn with pleasure that the intelli. ences, his health had not been so good as it was formerly. The gence we have sent has been agreeable to you aRid to your council. king's uncles remonstrated on all this with the council, for the king May the Holy Spirit have you in his keeping! Written at Perpignan would not pay any attention to what the physicians said; and he the ninth day of July," and signed "Jolande de Bar, queen of Are was so impatient to carry the war into Brittany, he told his uncles, ragon and Majorca, lady of Sardinia." The superscription was, thiat he was always better when on horseback, than when doing " To our very redoubted lord the king of France." nothing; and added, "Whoever advises me to the contrary will highly This intelligence softened the hearts of many, and the expedition disilease me, and show he has not any love for me." This was all was on the point of being broken off; but the friends of the consta. the answer he would give. Every day there was a council holden, ble thought this was an invented story, to prevent the king advancing which lasted until noon, or beyond it; and the king would always further; and that sir Peter de Craon was in danger of no other prison be present, to check any delays being made to the expedition into than what the duke of Brittany pleased, for he was safely in refuge Brkttany. within his duchy. The king paid no attention to this letter, saying it was all deceit; but the duke of Burgundy replied, "At least, my C HAPTER XLIII. lord, to satisfy my niece of Arragon, who has written to you, and to deliver this knight, if he be guiltless, condescend to send some one HIIE KING OF FRANcE, DURING HIS STAY AT MANS, AGAIN SENDS SOME thither, that our cousin may not be displeased with you and with us." NOBLE PERSONAGES TO THE DUKE OF HRITTANY, WITH ORDERS TO " We are very willing to do so, good uncle," said the king, "for I DISMISS SIR FETER HE CRAON. THE RING IS INFORMED THAT SIR wish not to vex you. Let some persons be sent to Barcelona, but PETER IS ARRESTED AT BARCELONA BY COMMAND OF THE QUEEN OF I am firmly persuaded that the traitor, Peter de Craon, is not there, ARRAGON. nor in any prison but the duke of Brittany's palace; and I swear, by THE king was advised, during his stay at Mans, to which he as- the faith I owe St. Denis, that one day he shall severely pay for it." sented, out of affection for his uncles, to send four knights to Brittany. Nothing could alter the king's opinion that sir Peter de Craon was They were to remonstrate strongly with the duke, on the part of the in Brittany. The duke of Brittany received regular information of king and council, how greatly he had misbehaved by afbfording an what was passing, and, as the king was so much enraged against asylum to an enemy of the king and realm; and that, if he were him, was not well satisfied of his security; for he saw that the dukes desirous to acknowledge his fault, and make amends for it, he must of Berry and Burgundy had no weight in the council, and that the send sir Peter de Craon to Mans, when they would endeavor to party of his adversary, Clisson, led the king just as they pleased. make his peace with the king, and prevent this expedition from doing He had his castles and towns most strictly guarded; but, unfortuharnm to him or to his country. According to what I heard, sir nately for him, there were no towns or castles he dared trust his Reginald de Roye, the lord de Garencieres, the lord de Chateau- person to, excepting Vannes. Campel, Dol, Quimperli6, Ermine, lmorant, and sir Taupin de Cantemelle, governor of Gisors, were or- Quimper-Corentin, and Suseniot. He had written to the knights dered on this mission. They left the city of Mans with forty lances, and barons of Brittany, from whom he looked for support and advice, and, having passed through Angers, journeyed on to Nantes, when, but they all dissembled with him, seeing the king, their lord parahaving entered the town, they found there the duke. tie gave them mount, so wroth against him, and from his so Openly taking the part a good welcome, and entertained them with a splendid dinner; but, of sir Peter de Craon against the king'and the constable, which was before this, they had fulfilled their commission, and had ably ex- very indecent. He almost repented what he had done; but his spirit plained to him the object of their coming, and what the king and was so lofty, he disdained to own it, and he said to himself, "If the council had ordered them to say. The duke answered prudently Iking, as he seems now inclined, enter Brittany with his army, I will and nobly, " That hlie would be most happy to arrest and give up to not, at the beginning, make any opposition, that I may see who are the king sir Peter de Craon, but, as God might help him, he neither my friends and enenmies, nor will I hurry myself to retaliate; but, knew where he was, nor what he was about: he therefore entreated when he shall think himself in full security, I will fall upon him, these lords to makle his peace, for he had assured them of the truth;" since there is no other way.of obtaining peace." adding, " he had heard, upward of a year ago, sir Peter de Craon Thus did the duke counsel with himself, and at times with his declare, that sir Oliver de Clisson hated him so mortally, he would ministers; for he concluded that a war with France was now inevi attack him the first favorable opportunity, with all the force he could table. It was not so, however, for matters turned out otherwise than muster, let the event be what it would. When he told me this, I he expected, to his great advantage, Tie old proverb says,"He is asked him if he had notified this to sir Oliver: he said he had, and not poor who is lucky." The duke of Brittany was wondrous for. had sent him his defiance; adding, that he would put him to death, tunate at this season, from an astonishing and pitiable accident that by day or night, the very first time he met him. I know nothing befel the king of France. Nothing less could have withdrawn from further of the matter, and am surprised that my lord should think of him the dangers he was surrounded by, and permitted him the enjoy. making war on me for this cause. Begging his pardon, I do not feel ment of peace. that I am any way so blameable, either toward him or the kingdom of France, that war should be declared against me; for never will I infringe, if it please God, the alliances that have been entered into C H A P T E R X L I V. between us, as well in regard to the marriage of our children, as reThIE CINe-, X4AVING LEF;T MANS TO CARRY ON HIS WAR AC:;AINrST BRITTANY, specting other matters." This was the answer the French knightsTlEKN DANLFMNSOCRYN HIS S AY, IS ORDERED TO RETURN, BY AN UNKNOWN PERSON. TIHIS SAME DAY, received from the duke of Brittany; and, when they had dined with HIS MIND IS DERANGED, AND HE IS BROUGT BACK TO ANS. mIs MIND IS DERANGED, AND -ie IS BROUG-IT 1BACKh TO MANS. him, and remained one day more at Nantes, they took leave, and set out on their return the way they had come. WHEN the king of France had resided about three weeks in the The king and council were impatient for their arrival, to hear the city of Mans, during which time councils were daily held, and when duke's answer. What you have just heard, the knights repeated to the knights were returned with the duke of Brittany's answer, as the king, and to those interested, from the duke of Brittany. The you have heard; the king said, that since he knew what to depend dukes of Berry and Burgundy were well satisfied with it, and would on, he would not longer stay at Mans, for it was displeasing and have persuaded others to be so likewise, saying, the answer was hurtful to him, but advance toward the frqntiers of Brittany, nearer proper and reasonable. But the king declared that, from the infor- this duke, who was supporting the traitor, sir Peter de Craon. The mation he had received, he was of a contrary opinion, and since lie intention of the king was to deprive the duke of Brittany of his was come so far, he would never return to Paris until he had hum- duchy, and nominate a governor of it, until his children should be bled the duke of Brittany. The dukes of Berry and Burgundy of age to have it restored to them, but the present duke was to be would willingly have altered this declaration, had they known how, driven thence; and this determination was so firmly rooted in his but they were not attended to; and the king had taken such a hatred imind, nothing could make him change it. He set out fi'om Mans to sir Peter de Craon, whom he said the duke of Brittany secreted between nine and ten o'clock in the morning; and the lords and in his country, that no excuses were of avail, others who had been quartered there prepared to follow him, after There was a report at Mans, and in many other places of France, they had heard mass and drank a cup. He had, the evening before, that the lady Jolande de Bar, queen of Arragon, and cousin-german sent for the marshals of his army to his chamber, and ordered them to the king of France, had thrown into the prisons of Barcelona, a to have the men-at-arms ready by early morn to march to Angers; knight who was unknown to her or to her people; and, from his re- "for," he added," we have determined never to return from Brittany, fusal to tell his name, he was thought to be sir Peter de Craon. The until we shall have destroyed the traitors who give us so much queen of Arragon, wishing to please the king, wvrote to him in the trouble." The marshals gave their orders for the army to march on most friendly terms, to say, "tthat on the fifth day of July a knight, the morrow, and assured the captains that it was now determined with a handsome array, had come to Barcelona, with intent to cross upon to pursue the road to Brittany. The day the king left Mans the sea; that he had hired at a very dear rate, a vessel to carly hili, I was excessively hot, as.-was to be expected, for it was the middle of as he said, to Naples. Having had all our ports well guarded, so August, when the sutl is in its greatest force. that no stranger could leave them without permission, and this krnight You must know, in order perhaps to account truly for wlhat folrefusing to say who he was, we have detained him in prison. We lowed, that the king, during his stay at Mans, labored hard and suppose, firom the great anxiety he shows for his liberty, thlat he is assiduously in the council, whtere he had but little astistan ce, and the knigiht you are seeking for, and on whose accoutnt you have writ, was besides not perfectly recovered in health. IHe tlad beeit the ten to us. Have the goodness, therefore, to send hither, as speedily whole sumnn er feeble in bedi. and minld, scarcely etatineg or drinki ng a,~ nay be, some pers e who are acquainted with sir Peter de Craon; anything, and almost daily attacked with fvver, tt, whicl, lle was {r he whom we hold in prison shall not be set at liberty until we naturally inclined, and this was increased by any coutradicrion o0 550 CHRONICLES OF'ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. "atigue. lie suffered much from the insult offered his constable, so I drew kis sword, and advanced on the pages, (for his senses were that his physicians and uncles noticed that at times his intellects quite gone, and imagined himself surrounded by enemies,) giving were deranged; but they could not do anything, for he would not blows of his sword, indifferent on whom they fell, and bawled out, listen to what they proposed, nor would he consent, on any account, "Advance! advance on these traitors." The pages, seeing tihe king to defer the espedition to Brittany. thus wroth, took care of themselves, for they imagined they had I was told that a strange accident happened to him as he was angered him by their negligence, and spurred their horses different riding through the forest of Mans, for which he ought to have assem r ways. The d4uke of Orleans was not far distant firom the king, who bled his council, instead of pursuing his march farther. A man, bare-. made up to him with his drawn sword, for at that moment his frenzy headled, with naked feet, clothed in a jerkin of white russet, that had deprived him of the means of knowing either his brother or sh)wed he was more mad than otherwise, rushed out from among uncles. The duke of Orleans, seeinghim apprroach with his naked the trees, and boldly seized the reins of the king's horse. Having sword, grew alarmed, and, spurring his horse, made off and the king thus stopped him, he said, "King, ride no farther, but return, for after him. The duke of Burgundy, hearing the cries of the pages, thou art betrayed." This speeeh made such an impression on the cast his eyes to that quarter, and seeing the Iking pursuing his brother king's mind, which was weak, that his understanding was shaken. with his drawn sword, was thunderstruck, and not without reason: As the man finished his speech, the men-at.arms advanced and beat he cried out for help, saying, "My lord has lost his senses: for God's him soundly on his hands, which made him drop the reins. They sake lay hands on him:" and then added, "Fly, fair nephew of Or. suffered him to run off, without paying attention to what he had said, leans: fly, or my lord will murder you." The duke of Orleans was thinking he was some madman, for which they were by many after- much frightened, and galloped as fast as his horse could go, followed wards grea Ay blamed and disgraced: they ought at least to have by knights and squires. There were now great shoutings, insomuch arrested hit;l, to have examined if he were really mad, and to learn that those at a distance thought that they were hunting a wolf or why he had uttered such words, and whence he had come. Nothing, hare, until they learnt it was the king, who was not himself. however, was done, and he made off by their rear, and was never The duke of Orleans, however, escaped by making several turns, after seen by any who had the least knowledge of him. Those who a. x. was aided by knights, squires, and men-at-arms, who surrounded were near the king's person, heard very plainly the words he had the king, and allowed hinm to waste his strength on them; for, of spoe.en. course, the more he exerted himself, the weaker he grew. When The king and his army passed on; and it might be about twelve he made a blow at any one kinight or squire, they fell before the o'clock when they were clear of the forest. They now entered an stroke, and I never heard that in this fit of madness any one was extensive sandy plain; and the sun was so resplendent, and in such killed.* Several were strucki down by his blows, because no one force, that scarcely any could endure the heat: the horses, conse-. made any defence. At last, when hie was quite jaded and running quently, suffered much. There were none so used to arms as not to down with sweat, and his horse in a lather from fatigue, a Norman complain of the oppressive heat; and the lords took different routes, knight, -who was one of his chamberlains, and much beloved by him, apart fi'om each other. The king rode by himself, to have less dust; called sir William Martel, came behind, and caught him in his arms, and the dukes of Berry and Burgundy, conversing together, kept on though he had his sword still in his hand. When he was thus held, his left hand, at about two acres' distance from him. The other all the other lords came up, and took the sword from him: he was lords, such as the count de la Marche, sir James de Bourbon, sir dismounted, and gently laid on the ground, that his jaclket might he Charles d'Albret, sir Philip d'Artois, sir Henry and sir Philip de Bar, stripped from him, to give him more air and cool him. His three sir Peter de Navarre, rode in different paths. The duke of Bourbon, uncles and brother approached; but he had lost all knowledge of the lord de Coucy, sir Charles d'Angers, the baron d'Ivry, were fol. them, showing no symptoms of acquaintance or affection, but rolled lowing at a gentle pace, talking together, and some distance from his eyes round in his head without speaking to any one. The princes the king, not suspecting tile misfortune which was on the point of of the blood were in amazement, and knew not what to say nor how befalling him. It was manifestly the work of God, whose punish- to act. The dulkes of Berry and Burgundy at length said, "We must ments are severe, to make his creatures tremble. Have we not seen return to Mans, for the expedition is at an end for this season." many similar examples, both in the Old and the New Testament, They did not then say all they thought; but they made their intene:p)ecially in the instance of Nebuchadnezzar, king of the Assyrians? tions very apparent to those who were iot in their good graces, on lie reig,ed over them with such power, that nothing was spolken of their return to Paris, as I shall relate in the course of this history. but his magnificence and glory; when suddenly, in the midst of his It must be owned, that when all things are considered, it was a great pomp, the Lord of kings, GouD, the Master of heaven and earth, and pity for a Iking of' France, who is the most noble and powerful prince Creator of all things, struck him in such wise that he lost his senses in the world, to be thus suddenly deprived of his senses. The-re and his kingdom He continued for seven years in this deplorable could not be any remedy applied, nor any amendment expected, state, living on acorns and wild firuits, having the taste of a wild boar since God willed it should be so. ur hog. After this period of penitence, God restored to him his Having undressed and cooled him as gently as they could, they senses and memory; upon which he declared to Daniel, the servant laid him on a litter, and carried him slowly to Mans. The marof the Lord, that there was none other God but the God of Israel. shals instantly sent orders for the van to return, and the whole To speak truly, GOD the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost, three army was informed there was an end to the expedition. To some in name, but one in substance, was, is and ever will be, of as suffi- the reasons were told why it was thus put an end to, to others not. ciant power to declare his works as from tie beginning, and one The evening the king was brought back to Mans, his physicians ought not, therefore, to be surprised at whatever wonderful things were much occupied with him, and the princes of his blood in the happen. utmost trouble. The event was spolken of very differently; some The reason why I thus speak is, that a great influence from Heaven said the kcing, to ruin the kingdom of France, had been poisoned, or this day fell on the king of France, and, as some say, from his own bewitched, the morning before he left Mans. These words were so fault. The physicians of his body, who ought to have known well often repeated, that they came to the ears of the duke of Orleans, and his constitution, declared, that considering the weak state of his others of the blood-royal. In conversation together, they said, "Do health, he should not have thus exposed himself to the heat of the you hear (for you must unless you shut your ears,) what murmurings da!y, but have rode in the cool of the mornings or evenings. Those there are against the king's ministers? It is reported and commonly who had advised otherwise were disgraced; but he had been long believed, that he has been poisoned or bewitched; now, how can led by his miniisters to act just as they pleased. The king rode over we know whether this has been done or not?" Some made answer, this sandy plain, that reflected the heat, which was much greater "From his physicians, for they must know his habit and constituthan had been ever before known or felt in that season: he was be- tion." The physicians were sent for, and most strictly examined by sides dressed in a jacket of black velvet that added to the warmth, the duke of Burgundy. To this examination they replied, "that thi and had only a siragle hood of crimson, ornamented with a chaplet of king had, for a long time, been suffering under this disorder; and, large b.a'utiful pearls the queen had presented to him on his leaving knowing that this weakness of intellect oppressed him grievously, her. H-e was followed by one of his pages, who had a Montauban it would make its appearance." The duke of Burgundy told the cap of polished steel on his head that glittered in the sun, and behind physicians, "that in the whole of the matter they had honestly hmin another page rode on horseback, carrying a vermilion-colored acquitted themselves, but that the king, from his great anxiety to lance, enveloped with silk for the king, the head of which lance was undertake this war, would not listen to any advice on the subject of broad, sharp and bright. The lord de la Riviere had brought a dozen his health. Cursed be this expedition, and unhappy is it that ever it such when hle last came from Toulouse, and this was one; for he had was proposed, for it has been his destruction; and it would have presented the whole to the king, who had given three to the duke of been better that Clisson and his whole race had been murdered, than Orleans, and the same number to the duke of Burgundy. that the king had been afflicted with such a disorder. News of it As they were thus riding, the pages, who were but children, grew will be carried everywhere, and, as he is now but a young man, we =egligent of themselves and their horses; and the one who bore the who are his uncles, and his blood, who should have advised him, lance Iell asleep, and, forgetfuul of what he had in his hand, let it fall shall be much blamed, though we have been no way in fault. Now on the casque of the page before him, which made both the lance tell us," said the duke, addressing himself to the physicians, "were and casque ring loudly. The king, being so near, (the pages rode you present yesterday morning at his dinner before he mounted his ansost on the heels of his horse,) was startled and shuddered; for horse?" "' Yes, in God's name were we," said they. " And what he had in his mind the words the wise man or fool had spoken when did he eat and drink?" " So very little, that it is scarcely worth h. seized his harse's reins in the forest of Maas, and fancied a host of enemies were com3 to s~la im. In this distraction of mind, he * "Les Grandes Chroniques de France' say, that he killed four men, and the anony____________________________________________________________________ mous MSS. of St. Demys add a fifth,, a knight ef Geyene catled the Bastard of' - *~Buret btlanc Iignac.-Ita CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 55 wonfioning; for he sat musing the whole time." "And who was king proceeds from the alarm in the forest, and by inheriting too the person that last served him with liquor?" asked the duke. much of his mother's weak nerves." These words were carried to "That we know not," said the physicians; "for as soon as the table the lord de Coucy, at that time in Paris with the duke of Orleans was removed, we went away to make ourselves ready for riding, but and the king's uncles. The whole of the council, and the principal you will learn it from his butlers or chamberlains." Robert Tulles, barons and prelates of the realm, were there assembled, to consult a squire from Normandy, and head butler, was called. On his com. on the government of the kingdom dunring the king's illness, and until ing, he was questioned who had served the king with wine. He he should be perfectly restored; and whether the dukeof Orleans, replied, "My lords, sir Robert de Lignac." The knight was then or his uncles, or all three, should have the regency. They were upsent for, and asked whence he had taken the wine to serve the king ward of fifteen days before they could agree: at last, it was thought the morning before he mounted his horse. " My lords," said he, advisable, from the youth of the duke of Orleans, which made him " here is Robert Tulles who gave it me, and tasted it, as well as unfit to bear so great a weight, that the two uncles of the king shoula myself, in the king's presence." "That is true," added Robert govern the kingdom; but that the duke of Burgundy should be the Tulles; " and in this respect there shall not be the smallest ground principal; and that the duchess of Burgundy sheuld remain with the for suspicions; for there is now some of the very same in bottles to queen, and be respected as second to her in rank. what the king drank, which we will open and drink before you." The duke of Berry then said, "We are debating here about noth. ing: the king is only poisoned or bewitched by bad advisers, but CHAPTER xLVI. it is not time at present to talk of these matters. Let us bear the mnisfortune as well as we can for the moment." THE LORD DE couc INT DUCES THE GRET PHYSICIAN, ASTER WIIA DE HARSELEY, TO CURE THE KING OF FRANCE. VARIOUS CAUSES AS. SIGNED FOR THIS DISORDER. C HI A P TER XLV. THE Lord de Coucy was not unmindful of what he had heard of master William de Harseley. He spoke of him to the king's uncles, rING CIARMES VI. OF FRANCE, CONTINUING DERANGED IN IND, IS RE- and mentioned his learning and success, and that it would be proper MOVED FROM MANS TO CREIL, ON THE OFSE. THE REGENCY OF THE he should try his skill to recover the king. The dukes of Berry and xItNoSoM Is GIVENt TO THE DUKE.S oF BERRY~ AND BURGUNDY BY" THE THREEOM EI~~~STAT GIV~~~~ES.N l Burgundy listened to it, and sent for him. On his arrival at Paris, he THlREE ESTATES. first waited on the lord de Coucy, with whom he was very intimate, ON the conclusion of the duke of Berry's speech, the lords retired and he introduced him to the king's uncles, sa ing: "Here is master to their lodgings for the night; and the king's uncles ordered four William de Harseley, of whom I spoke to you." The two dukes knights of honor to sit up with the king, to attend him quietly, and received him kindly, and made him welcome. They then ordered administer to his wants. They were sir Reginald de Roye, sir him to visit the king at Creil, and remain with him until he should Reginald de Trie, the lord de Garencieres, and sir William Martel. have restored him to health. Master William, in consequence of The lord de la Riviere, sir John le Mercier, Montagu, the begue de these orders from the duke, set out from Paris in good array, as was VTillaines, sir William des Bordes, and sir Helion de Lignac, were becoming him, and arrived at Creil, where he established himself ordered not to interfere in any manner of business until the king near the king's person, and took the lead over the other physicians, should be perfectly recovered. On receiving this order, they de. undertaking t.o make a cure; for he saw it was to be done, since the parted, and others took charge of the government. On the morrow disorder was caused by weakness of nerves, from the sudden alarm morning, the king's uncles visited him: they found him very weak, of the appearance of the madman, and then by the noise from the and asked how he had slept? His chamberlains replied, "Very blow on the page's helmet; and he was very anxious to restore the little: he cannot rest." "This is sad news," said the duke of Bur. king to health. guady. All three then approached him; and by this time the duke News of the king of France's illness was carried far and near, and, of Orleans arrived, and asked him how he was? He made no an. however others may have been grieved at it, you may suppose that swer, but stared at them without recollecting who they were. These the duke of Brittany and sir Peter de Craon were not much affected: lords were much shocked, and, conversing together, said, "We need they soon dried their tears, for he was pursuing them with bitter not stay longer, for he is extremely ill, and we do him more harm hatred. Pope Boniface and his cardinals at Rome were rejoiced on than good by our presence. We have ordered his chamberlains and hearing it. They assembled in full consistory, and said the worst physicians to take every care of him, which of course they will do. of their enemies, meaning the king of France, was severely chastised, Let us consider how the kingdom is to be governed, for a government when God had thus deprived him of his senses; and that this pun. must speedily be provided, or all things will go ill." " Good brother," ishment had been inflicted by Heaven, for having so strenuously sup. said the duke of Burgundy to the duke of Berry, "it will be neces- ported the anti-pope of Avignon; that this chastisement should make sary for us to go to Paris, and order the king to be brought hence him attend more to his own kingdom, and that their cause would gently; for we can have him better attended when nearer to us than now be better. here. We will assemble the whole council at. Paris, and discuss The pope and cardinals at Avignon, considering the great support how the kingdom shall be governed, and whether our fair nephew Ithe king had given them, had cause for alarm; but they showed none of Orleans be regent or we." "It is well spoken," replied the duke for the honor of the king and realm. They said among themselves, of Berry: "let us consider of the best place for the king to be removed that the king was young and willful, and had, by his own fault, to for the recovery of his health." After some consultation, it was brought on him this disorder; and those about his person had allowed determined he should be carried, with every precaution, to the castle him to act too much as he pleased; and that he had exerted himself of Creil, which has a good air, and is in a rich country on the river in different excesses, and by riding post night and day; and had Oise. labored unreasonably, in mind and body, on matters that should have When this was settled, the men-at-arms were disbanded, and or- been done by his ministers and not by himself; and that if he had ders given by the marshals for them to retire peaceably to their homes, been properly and soberly educated by the advice of his uncles, this without committing any ravages on the country; and that, if such unfortunate illness would never have happened. They added, that, sxcesses were indulged in, the leaders would be called upon to make "when he was on his journey to Languedoc, he had promised, on reparation. The king's uncles and the chancellor of France sent off the word of a king, and swore likewise on his faith, that he would varlets to the different cities and principal towns in Picardy, to order raise a sufficient force to destroy the anti-pope and his cardinals at the inhabitants to be very attentive in the guard of them, for the rea- Rome, and put an end to the schism and troubles of the church; but son that the king was indisposed. These orders were obeyed. The he had done nothing, and thus forfeited his oath and promise, by French nation was dismayed and concerned when it was publicly which he has angered God, who, to correct him, punishes him with known that the king labored under a firenzy. They spoke much this rod of frenzy. It therefore behooves us, when he shall have reagainst those wvho had advised him to this expedition to Brittany, covered his health, which may soon happen, to send properly instructed. and said he had been betrayed by those who had urged him on legates to remonstrate with him on this breach of promise, in order: against the duke and sir Peter de Craon. People's tongues could that, through our neglect, hlie may not be forgetful of it." Such was" not be stopped, for it was so serious a misfortune, it was necessary the language at Avignon between the pope and cardinals, who, vent should be somehow given to the vexation it caused. agreed that this disorder had been incurred by his own negligence: The king was carried to Creil, and put under the care of the be. and fault; but they greatly blamed those of his council and house.. fore-named knights and his physicians. The men-at.-arms were hold for not having better attended to him. Many others, in France,, disbanded, and marched home. It was strictly forbidden the queen's did the same. household and all others, under pain of being severely punished, to In a church at Haspres, in Hainault, dependent on the abbey:ofi mention this misfortune to ths queen, who was far gone with child. Saint Vast at Arras, lies the canonized body of Saint Aquairie,. It was concealed from her for some time, during which the king was a rich shrine of silver. The saint is celebrated for the cures he hasa under the care of the knights at Creil, and his physicians, who were performed on those afflicted with madness, and on that account' is' giving him various medicines, which, however, did him little good. much visited from all parts. To pay due respect to the saint,.thera At this time, there was a most learned physician in France, who had was a figure of wax resembling the king, which was sent thither.with not his equal anywhere, a fr'iend of the lord de Coucy, and born on a large wax taper, and offered, with much devotion, to the shrine of; his lands. His name was master William de Harseley: he had fixed the saint, that he might pray to God to alleviate this cruel affiction.. his residence in the city of Laon, whviich he preferred to any other. of the king. A similar offering was made to Saint Hermier in Ronais,.. On first hearing of the king's illness and the cause of it, knowing, who has the reputation of curing madness, and wherever there weref: ma he thought, the king's constitution, he said, "T_his disorder of tie saints that were supposed to have efficacy, by their prayers to Go.. 552 C HRONICLES t? E NGLAN D, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. in such disorders, thither were sent offerings from the k:ng with much lady, resided at Paris with the queen, and had the supreme govern. ceremony and devotion. ment of her and her household, so that no one was permitted to speak When this event was known in Erigland, the king and lords were with the queen but through her permission. This lady hated with greatly concerned thereat. The duke of Lancaster especially testi- her whole heart sir Oliver de Clisson, on account of the duke of fled his sorrow, and said to the knights Iear his person: " On my Brittany, who was nearly related to her. She frequently remonstrated faith, it is a great pity, for he showed himself a man of courage, with with the duke of Burgundy, saying, that those who had rapported a strong inclination to do good. When I took leave of him at Amiens, sir Oliver de Clisson against so potent a prince as his cousin the he said:'Pair cousin of Lancaster, I earnestly entreat you will duke of Brittany, were very blameworthy. The duke of Burgundy exert yourself to the utmost of your power that there may be a solid was cool and prudent, and saw far into the state of affairs and their Deace between our kingdoms: we may then march a powerful army consequences: he wished not to encourage any troubles in France, against this Amurat, who has conquered the kingdom of Armenia but to keep every one in good humor as long as it should be possi from its lawful monarch, and who intends to destroy all Christendom, ble, and on this account had never opposed any measures of his late that we may exalt our faith, as we are bounden so to do.' Now," brother, Charles V. nor of his nephew, the present king. He thereadded the duke, "there is an end to this, for he will never again fore replied thus gently to his wife: " Lady, it is good at all times have that confidence he before enjoyed put in him." " That is true to dissemble. The duke of Brittany, it is true, is a great prince, and enough," said those who heard him, " and the kingdom of France an overmatch for the lord de Clisson. If I'oin the duke and make seems likely to fall into much trouble." myself openly one of his partisans, the kingdom would be dissatisfied, 3SRINE OF ST. AqUAIRE. Presentation of the waxen figure of the King. Designed from contemporary MSS. and not without reason; for the lord de Clisson would declare and CH A P T ER XLVI I. prove, that the whole hatred our cousin the duke bears him is for tREg DU)tKES OF BERRY AND BURGUNDY RUIN THOSE WHO HAD) BEEN THE having supported the interests of France, in which we have so large CONFIDENTIAL SERVANTS OF THE KING. THlE DUKE OF BURGUNDY a share, and it is so believed throughout the realm. Hitherto I have CONFIS RUDELY THE CONSTABLE DUKE LIOSFSONB no cause whatever to incline me to the duke against the lord de Clisson. It therefore behooves me to dissemble my real sentiments,: SUCH were the conversations of lords in different countries on hear. if I wish to preserve the favor of the king and country to whom I am:ing of the king of France's illness, who remained confined in the bounden by every tie, which is not my case with regard to the duke castle of Creil, under the care of the four knights, and master William of Brittany. It has happened that my lord the king is indisposed, de Harseley, who had the sole management of him: none were and in an alarming state as you know: this is very much against.allowed to speak with the king, nor even enter the castle, but such the lord de Clisson, and will be hurtful to all who advised him to:as had his permission, or were acting under his orders. At times, undertake this expedition, and on which he was so obstinately bent, the dukes of Orleans and Bourbon came to visit the king, andl see in spite of everything my brother and myself could urge against it. how he was going on, but the dukes of Berry Udrl Burgundy never The rod is already prepared with which they shall be punished, as'left Paris. They had not as yet made any changes in the govern- you shall shortly witness or hear of; but have the goodness, at this:ment, but they shortly intended doing so in regard to maIny who were moment, to have a little patience. Lady, lady, there is no season i:not in their good graces, from their behavior when in power, which but what makes some return, nor any fortune stable, nor afflicted,Was, as they thought, contradictory and presumptuous. heart but is at times rejoiced, nor angered minds but have their roThe duke of Berry said, that Clisson, la Riviere, le Mercier, and venge. Clisson, la Riviere, Montagu, le Mercier, de Villaines, and ile bbguede Villaines, had, during their attendance on the king in others who have acted improperly, will shortly be made to suffer for;Languedoc, caused his treasurer and faithful servant Bethisac to be it." With such conversations did the duke and duchess of Bur-;disgracefully punished with death, through etlvy alid wickedness, gundy amuse themselves; and not many days after this last, the dukes and that in spite of anything he could say or do, he could never get of Berry and Burgundy had a private conference. They said, "it him out of their hands.;" Let them now beware of ule, for the time was now time to punish those who had dishonored their nephew, the:shall come when I will repay them with the same coin, and struck king, and who had led him to act according to their pleasure. We from the same mint." The duke of Burgundy and those attached will begin first with the constable, for he is of the highest rank and to him loved no better the above-named persons, who had governed greatest wealth: when he made his will a short time ago, on being the king; for whenever they wanted anything at court, they were wounlded, he proved he had seventeen hundred thousand francs in repulsed sharply enough, and very little done for them, of which they money and moveables. How the devil could he have amassed such -:murmured and talked loudly behind their backs. a sum 7? For the marriage of his daughter, with our cousin, John of The duchess of Burgundy, who was a very unforgiving and haughty Brittany, whom he ransomed from England. must have cost him, in CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 553 the whole, two hundred thousand francs! But how shall we manage he was anrrived at Avignon, whither he had already sent the greater to begin on him, with any reasonable pretext? for he is strongly part of his wealth. He had left a sufficiency with his wife to mainsupported by our nephew, the duke of Orleans, and by many of the tain her state handsomely; for he foresaw, since the king was de. great barons of France. However, if we can but once lay hands on prived of his senses, public affairs would go ill under the government him, we will attack him by law, and the parliament at present is of of the dukes of Berry and Burgundy, who never spoke to him. our party." " That is true," replied the duke of Burgundy; "and Sir John le Mercier would have been glad to have done the same, the first time he comes to me, which he must do to-morrow on busi- had he been able; but he had been put under an arrest, and nothing ness, I will convince him by the reception I give him, that he is not could come in or go out of his house without the knowledge of his in my favor, and do you, brother of Berry, do the same when he guards. What he had before laid by in a place of security was of the comes to you." "That I will," answered the duke of Berry; and greatest service to him at a proper opportunity, for all that was known with these words the conference ended. to be his was claimed and seized by the two regents. He was afterThe lord de Clisson, who thought not but that he was moderately wards committed a prisoner to the castle of the Louvre, as was in like well in favor with the dukes of Berry and Burgundy, waited on the manner le b~gue de Villaines, count de Ribadeo in Spain. They last, for business of his office. He had been much teased by many sent to the hotel of Montagu, but found no one, nor could they learn knights and squires, who were of the late expedition, and wanted whither he was gone, and with this they were forced to be satisfied. money, for they had never received anything: the chancellor of Inquiries were made if sir Oliver de Clisson were in Paris, and orders France and the treasurer had sent them to the constable to be paid. were sent to his hotel for him to surrender himself a prisoner in toe He came therefore one afternoon to the hotel d'Artois, to remonstrate Louvre: but no person was at his hotel except the house-steward, with the duke of Burgundy on this business, and nothinig else, for he who could not give any intelligence concerning him. Two days had already been dismissed from any share in the government. passed before it was known that he was in his castle of Montlhery. When he arrived at the hotel d'Artois he entered the court witll his The two dakes, impatient to lay hold on him, ordered instantly Barattendants, who were not numerous, and dismounted. The consta- rois des Barres, sir John de Chateaumorant, the lord de Coucy, and ble ascended the stairs attended by only onesquire, the others wait- sir William de lay Tremouille to collect three hundred lances, and ing for him in the court. He found two of the duke's knights in the said to them; "March with this force without delay to Montlbery, hall, and demanded friom them if the duke was disengaged, and if he invest the town and castle, and do not leave it until you shall bring could speak with him. "Sir, we know not," replied they, "but will us Clisson dead or alive." soon inform you if you will wait here." They entered the duke's The knights obeyed, as was their duty, for the government of the apartment, and found him unoccupied, chatting with a herald, re- kringdom was now in the hands of these two dukes, and they left turned from a grand feast in Germany. The knights interrupted the Paris with three hundred lances, not all at once, but in five separate conversation, by saying, "My lord, sir Oliver de Clisson is in the bodies, that their departure might be the less nuticed. God, howhall, and wishes to speak with you,.if it be your pleasure." " In God's ever, assisted the constable; and he had such good friends among name," replied the duke, "let him come forward: we have at pres- this armament, that he was punctually informed of its departure, and ent leisure to speak with him, and hear what he has to say." One the hour it would arrive, so that he had full leisure to take proper of the knights left the apartment, and called the constable, saying: measures not to suffer from it. He and his people left Montlhery, " Sir, come on: my lord sends for you." The constable no sooner and by travelling through by.roads, over heaths, and avoiding all in. entered the room, than the duke changed color, and repented having closed towns or cities, arrived safely in Brittany, and entered his sent for him, although he was anxious to tell him his mind. castle, called Ch&teau.Josselin, which was well provided with all The constable took off his hood, and, bowing to the duke, said: "I things, where he remained to wait other intelligence. am come, mry lord, to know how to act respecting the payment of the Barrois des Barres and the other knights put their orders into execuknights and squires who were of the late expedition, for my office tion, took possession of the town of Montlhery, and surrounded the is perpetually besieged by them; and, as you and my lord of Berry castle. They remained thus one night, imagining the constable was at present govern the kingdom, have the goodness to inform me." within, but he was not, as you have heard. On the morrow, while The duke of Burgundy angrily replied: "Clisson, Clisson, you need they were preparing for the assault, the servants in the castle came not trouble yourself about the state of France; for, without your office, out to know what they were about. The knights said they wanted it will be perfectly well governed. In an evil hour have you inter- sir Oliver de Clisson, and that was the object of their coming. The feled in it. How the devil can you have amassed such a sum as servants in guard of the castle replied, that the lord de Clisson had seventeen hundred thousand francs, which you declared yourself to left it four days ago; and offered to open every part of it for them to be possessed of by your will? Neither my lord the king, my brother search. The knights and squires entered the castle armed from head of Berry, nor myself, with all our power, have been able to collect to foot, as if for instant combat, for fear of being surprised by treachery such a sum. Quit my presence, and leave rmy house, and let me or an ambuscade. They, however, found that the servants had told never see you again; for, if it were not from regard to my own honor, them the truth; for they minutely searched every part of it, without I would have your other eye put out." At these words the duke of discovering any traces of the lord de Clisson. After this, they marched Burgundy went away, leaving the lord de Clisson astonished. He away on their return to Paris, when they related to those who had quitted the apartment, with his head sunk down, and quite melan-. sent them all they had done. choly, without being attended by any one. Having crossed the hall he descended into the court, mounted his horse, and departed with his people, taking a private way'to his own hotel, without saying a C H A P T E R X L I X..word. THE LORD DE LA RIVIERE, THE PRINCIPAL MINISTER OF THE KING OF FRANCE BEFORE HIS ILLNESS, IS MBADE PRISONER BY ORDERS OF THE C HAPTER XLVIII. DUKES OF BERRY ANDBURGUNDY. TIHE DUCHESS OF BERRY INTERCEDES FOR HIM WITH HER LORD. SIR OLIVLP DE CLISSON, AFTER THE HARSH ANSWER 4IF THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY, RETIRES TO HMONTLHERY. BEING PURSUED THITHER, HE THE dukes of Berry and Burgundy, finding that the constable had HAS TISLE TO HAKtE HIS RETREAT TO CHtATEAU-JOSSELN. escaped, were much vexed; while, on the contrary, the dukes of vrosOrleans and Bourbon rejoiced at it. " Now," said the duke of Bur. WHEN the lord de Clisson had entered his hotel, he formed various gundy, "he shows by his flight that he suspects us; but, though he plans in his own mind as to his future conduct: he foresaw that very h fled, he is not yet acuitted. We will force him hastily to return, shorly pbli affirs oul be adlymangedand ad o on tohas fled, he is not yet acquitted. We will force him hastily to return, shortly public affairs would be badly managed, and had no one to or he hall loose everything we can lay our hands on. Even this open his mind to on the subject, for the duke of Orleans was at Creil: shall not fee him from some heavy charges vhicl only ait for trial shalt not free him from some heavy charges which only wait for trial, indeed, had he been at Paris, he had no power to save or defend him. to prove him guilty and deserving punishment. If the great, the Suspecting, after what had passed, that the duke of Burgundy would powerful, aid the wicked be not chastised, justice will not be equally arrest him, and force his hotel, he determined not to wait the event, dealt, and the lower ranks and the poor will in truth be discontented. but ordered his most confidential servants to pack up all he should Justice ought to be dealt out without discrimination to all, that every want, and, in the evening, set off from Paris, attended by only two one may take example." Such was the discourse of the duke of persons. He passed the gate of St. Anthony, and rode to Charenton, Burgundy; but the lord de Clisson was safe in his castle of Josselin, whcre, crossing the Seine by the bridge, he continued his journey to in Brittany, wel provided with everything to defend it, and to hold his castle of Montlhery, seven* leagues from Paris, where he re- out a long siege. mained until he heard other news. maised until he heard other news. hdrbfetecosal, The day that Barrois des Barres returned to Paris, to tell his lords The same day the duke of Burgundy had rebuffed the constable, that sir Oliver de Clisson was not at Montlhery, the two dukes said, that sir Oliver de Clisson was not at Montlhery, the two dukes said, he met the duke of Berry at the Louvre, on the affairs of the nation. Barrois, set out tomorrow very early, and ride to Anieau. We He told his brother of Berry how he had spoken to sir Oliver de Clis- heard the lord d la iviere is there. Demand to see him from son, whno answered, " You Iavo well done. We must, by somne us and from the council, and manage so that you give agood account means or other, lay hold of him; fdr in truth, Clisson, le Mercier, la of him when ve shall require it from you. Sir Barrois, having Riviere, and Montagmi have plundered the kingdom; but the time is ed obedience, rode the mext morning with his mon-at-arms now come when they must make ample restitution, and their heads pomis ought to pay the forfeit als o." I knowv not the particular reasons, buttoAneunaroChrrs.Iwsahndmectlvihte lord de la Riviere received in marriage with his wife, the lady of it is a fact, that the day the constable left Paris, Montagu did the ad greatly improved both the castle and lands. same. and also by the gate of St. Anthony. He took the road for AnaadIoh He was much beloved by his vassals, whom he treated with affec. Troyes in. Champagne, but said he would not stop anywhere until tionate care. The commissioners sent by the dukes, on their arrival olerttemy is onlysixleaguesirom Paris. —E, at Aun~au, executed their orders on the lord de la Riviere, wh~-' 554 CHB RONICLES Ol, ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. they found with his lady and children. He was expecting such a be found. The lady, his wife, had, however, reserved to her use all message, for he had already learnt that sir John Ie Mercier and the the domain of Auneau, and whatever else she had inherited from her count de Ribadeo were in prison, and that the constable had fled family, by father or mother. She had a young and genteel daughter, from Montlhery to a more distant and secure castle. Those who had of ten years old, who had been betrothed to James de Chastillon, son brought him this intelligence said: "Sir, save yourself; for the envi- and heir to sir Hugh de Chastillon, who had formerly been master ous, who at this present time govern, are against you, and fortune of the cross.bows of France; he was already in possession of large has turned with them." To this he had replied; "Here and every. estates, and in the expectation of more. He had made several ex where else I am in the power of God: if I fly or hide, I should cursions with his intended father.-in.law, the lord de la Riviere; but accuse myself as guilty of crimes of which I feel myself incapable notwithstanding this, the regents would break off the intended mar. and innocent. God has given me all I possessed, and he may take riage in spite of the young man. This connection was put an end to, it from inmewhenever he pleases: to his will I submit. I have faith- and he married elsewhere, according to the pleasure of the dukes of fully and loyally served. the late king of happy memory, as well as Berry and Burgundy, and the lord de la Tremouille, who took the the present king. My services have been well known to both, and managment of the business. they have royally rewarded them. I feel bold enough, from what The lord de la Riviere had likewise a son, a squire, who was his by their commands I have done for the good of the kingdom, to stand heir, married to the only daughter of the lord de Dampmartin, who the judgment of the parliament of Paris; and, if they shall find in was not likely to have more children, and this daughter was his my whole conduct anything worthy of blame, let me be punished." heiress. The regents wanted likewise to break of this marriage, and Such was the declaration of the lord de la Riviere to his wife and unite her more nobly; but the count de Dampmartin, like an honor. his friends, before the commissioners from the regents came to Au- able main, stepped forward, and said: "That as long as the son of neau. On their arrival, his servants said; "My lord, here are such the lord de la Riviere lived, his daughter should have no other hus. and such persons, with a large force, who want to enter the castle: band; and, if violence were used to shorten his days, his daughter what do you say? shall we open the gates?" " Why not?" he re- should remain a widow, and he should so strongly settle his property, plied: "they are very welcome." On saying this, he went to meet that those who might wish to gain it by fraud or otherwise would find them, and received every one most graciously; and in conversing themselves disappointed." When they saw the firmness of the count together they all entered the hall of the castle of Auneau. After a de Dampmartin, and that he would not give up his son-in-law, they short pause, sir Barrois des Barres, a gallant and courteous knight, left him quiet, and the marriage remained good; but the first I menwith much vexation, arrested the lord de la Riviere, according to the tioned was set aside by an absolution from pope Clement, who was orders he had received, which he was bound to execute. The lord forced to give it whether he would or not; for he had no power over de la Riviere held him excused, and immediately obeyed his sum- the realm of France but what the two dukes were pleased to allow mons; for hlie neither could nor would otherwise act by disputing it; him, so greatly was the church lowered and hurt by the disgraceful and he remained a prisoner in his own castle,f Auneau. You may schism, and by the conduct of those who ought to have ruled it better, imagine his lady was in great anguish when she saw fortune thus Many in France, and in other countries, acquitted the lord de la adverse to her lord, and she still more dreaded the conclusion. Riviere from all blame, but their excusing him was of no avail; for The lord de la Riviere was not long a prisoner in his own castle, although his innocence was as clear as the day, no one dared to before he was sent for by those who ruled the temporality and spiritu- speak in his behalf, but that courageous young lady the duchess of ality of France, (for the person who signed himself pope Clement Berry. Too often had that good lady cast herself at her lord's feet, held all his power in that country through the good-will of these saying, with uplifted hands: "Ah, my lord, you allow yourself to be dukes,) to Paris, where he was confined in the prison of the Louvre. swayed wrongly and sinfully, by the envious and disappointed, who Many in France were afflicted at this, but they dared only speak of poison your mind with tales against this valiant knight, and virtuous it in private. They were indifferent as to sir John le Mercier, but man, the lord de la Riviere. They accuse him unjustly, and no one the lord de la Riviere had been courteous, debonair, and patient in dares to say a word in his defence. I wish you therefore to know, hearing poor people, and such as were not of rank to attend his pub- that, if he shall be put to death, I shall never again taste happiness, lic audiences. It was reported in Paris that they were to be be- but i'emain all my days in sorrow and affliction. IHe is, whoever may headed; and it was whispered slanderously, to ruin their popularity, say the contrary, a most loyal and prudent knight. Ah, my lord, that they had been traitors to the crown, and plundered the treasury you little remember the handsome services he has done you, nor the of great wealth; with which they had kept up their state, and built pains and difficulty he had to encounter when he accomplished our houses and fine castles, while poor knights and squires, who had ex- marriage. I do not say this as pretending to have been worth the posed their lives in arms for the service of the realm, and sold their trouble, for I am but a poor lady in comparison to you; but you, inheritances for subsistence, could not obtain any payment, for a long who were so anxious to have me, had to deal with a hard and cuntime past, from sir Oliver de Clisson, the lord de la Riviere, sir John ning lord, the late count de Foix, in whose wardship I then was; and, le Mercier, or from Montagu, who had fled. Their numerous ene- if it had not been for the persuasive manners of the lord de la Riviere, rmies, who were in great strength, declared they deserved to die, which I should have never been your duchess, but settled in England; for put them in great risk. They urged as a crime against them, that the duke of Lancaster solicited me for the earl of Derby, and the they had advised the king to go to Mans, and thence to Brittany, count de Foix inclined more to him than to you. Most dear sir, you and had, by poisoned liquors which they gave him to drink, brought ought not to le forgetful of these things, for you know what I say is on this frenzy; and it was currently reported, that the king's phy- true. I therefore most humbly entreat that you would havw compas. sicians, who had the care of his health, were not, in any way, per- sion on that gallant knight who so courteously conducted your busi. mitted to have their will, nor was their advice followed. ness, in regard to me, that he suffer neither in life nor limb." So much was said against these two, that the lord de la Riviere The duke of Berry, thus attacked by his young and handsome and sir John le Mercier were removed from the Louvre and delivered wife, whom he doted upon, and feeling that all she had said was true, over to the provost of the Chhtelet, and confined in the castle of St. was much softened in his hatred to the lord de la Riviere; and to Anthony, under the guard of the viscount d'Achy, at that time the appease his lady, who he saw was in earnest, replied: "Lady, as governor. On this removal, though the common report ran that they God may save my soul, I would rather have paid twenty thousand were to be put to death, in truth they were never condemned; nor francs, than that la Riviere should have misconducted himself toward could those by whom they had been examined, ever in their con- the crown of France. Before this indisposition of the king I loved sciences find them guilty of death. They were, however, daily at- him well, and considered him a prudent and valiant knight. Since, tacked by some, who said, " Take heed to your souls, for your bodies however, you thus anxiously interest yourself for him, I will abate are already disposed of: you are both condemned to have your heads my anger; and from your entreaties and solicitations he shall fare cut off." In this distressing state they were kept for some time; but the better. I will exert my power to the utmost, and do more for the btgue de Villaines, a great knight and valiant man-at.-arms, from your prayers than if all France united had petitioned me in his be. the country of Beauce, inculpated in the same accusations, had many half." "My lord," answered the lady, "please God, I shall see the F'riends, who pleaded effectually in his favor, and he was freed from effects of it. You will do a good and charitable act; for I believe prison with a fill acquittal. On his leaving the prison, he was told there is not one, besides myself, that has spoken in his favor." "You by his relations, sir Barrois des Barres and others, to prepare to set say truly," replied the duke; "but when you so warmly take up the out for Castille, where in future he must reside, on the handsome in- matter, it is fully sufficient." Thus was the duchess contented with heritance he gained by his marriage with the countess de Ribadeo. the answers of the duke; and when he and the duke of Burgundy, He followed the advice that had been given him, and speedily packed with their councils, met on the business, theie was much altercation up all he wanted, and set out for Castille, leaving his two friends in There is not a doubt but, if this virtuous lady had not interfered, he prison, and in daily peril of losing their lives. All the property, would have been put to death. From affection to her, it was othermoveable and immoveable, of sir John le Mercier, that was in France, wise; and John le Mercier was fortunate in being the companion ot and could be aid hold of, was confiscated and given to others. His the lord de la Riviere, and implicated in the same charges, for they fine house at Pont a Louvion, in the diocese of Loan, that had cost could not in conscience have executed one without the other. him such'immense sums, was seized and given to the lord de Coucy, Notwithstanding this delay, they did not feel perfectly secure in with all its estates, manors, and dependencies. I am ignorant if this prison; for they knew they had many enemies, who were now in was done at his request, but he possessed it, and his heirs afterwards. power, and angry (though they were forced to abide by it) that they The regents treated the lord de la Riviere very cruelly. They had not sooner been punished. Sir John le Mercier, during his con. confiscated all his estates, as well what had descended to him as finement in the Bastille, was in such continual grief and tears that he those he had purchased, and all his moveables wherever they could nearly lost his sight. It was melancholy indeed to hear the bitter - ~Pont k Louvion." It is in the MSS. Pont-Aubumnen. and Pont k Lonnion. Q. if ness of his lamentations mot Pont' Nouvion. There are three villages of that name in the ele.tion of Laon. CHRONICLES OF ENG LAND, FRANCE, SP k N, &c. 555 of France for a false and wicked traitor to the crown, condemned to C H A P T E R L. pay a fine of one hundred thousand marecs of silver, for the extortions AFTER MANY ADJOURNMENTS AND DELAYS, THE CONSTABLE DE CLISSON which he had fraudulently and wickedly committed in former times, IS. BY JUDGMENT OF THE COURT OF PARLIAMENT OF PARIS, BANISHED as well in the office of constable as in the exchequer and elsewhere, THE REALM OF FRANCE, CONDEMNED TO PAY A FINE OF ON-E HUNDRED and to be deprived for ever of the office of constable of France. The TIHOUSAND FRANCS, AND DECLARED INCAPABLE OF HOLDING THE OFFICE duke of Orleans was invited by the court to be present when this OF CONSTABLE OF FRANCE. sentence was passed, but he would not, and excused himself. The dukes of Berry and Burgundy were there, with a great many of the DURING the confinement of the two knights in prison, where they barons of France. remained upward of a year, uncertain what the conclusion would be, Now observe the works of Fortune, how'am and steady they are the lord de Clisson was attacked every way, to degrade his honor when such a valiant and good knight who had labored so successfully and deprive him of his office. They were more desirous to lay hold for the honor of France, was thus maliciously degraded in honor anri of him than any others of the late ministry, but he took good care to hurt in his fortune. He was lucky in not obeying any of the sum. prevent it. He was wise in so doing; for if he had been arrested, monses, for, had he come, they would have disgracefully put him to everything was prepared for his execution the moment he should be death; nor could the duke of Orleans have saved him, for, if he had condemned, without the smallest hope of mercy, to please his adver. interceded for him, no attention would have been paid to it. You KINGs CIIARLES AND A HAWKING PARTY. From an original design. ary, the duke of Brittany, who had never done any good to France. may suppose that the duke of Brittany and sir Peter de Craon, who When the regents found he had escaped, they resolved to proceed were strongly connected with each other, were much rejoiced at this; in a different manner. It was ordered, that he should be summoned but they were vexed the constable had not borne company with the by the court of parliament of Paris to appear before it, and answer lord de la Riviere and sir John le Mercier. This sentence made a such charges as should be made against him, under pain of being great noise in France and elsewhere. Some pitied him, and said in dishonored and banished from France. Commissioners were sent secret that he had been unjustly treated: others opposed it, saying it after him into Brittany, by the chamber of parliament, to summon and was fortunate he had not been laid hold of and hanged, for he was arrest himn. They acquitted themselves well, so far as going into deserving of it. " Our regents," they added, " who are well acBrittany and demanding at all the towns and castles belonging to sir quainted with his manner of life, have not been to blame in suffering Oliver de Clisson where he was to be found, saying, " We are sent him to be thus treated. How the devil could he have laid by such by the king and council to speak with my lord the constable: tell us *a sum as a million and a half of florins? It could not have been by how we can see him, that we may perform our message." The in- conquests in war, but from pillage and robbery, and from the pay of habitants of the towns or castles dependent on the lord de Clisson poor knights and squires, as is well known at the chancery and answered, as they had been tutored to do; "Gentlemen, you are treasury, where it is all written down. In the expeditions to Flan. very welcome: if we wanted to speak with our lord the constable, ders, he raised and received large sums of money, as well as in that we would go to such a place, where wre should find him without fail." which the king made into Germany. All the taxes for the war, and Thus were the commissioners sent from town to town, asking after the payment of the men-at-arms, passed through his hands. He paid sir Oliver de Clisson, but without ever finding him, or having any himself and others as he pleased, keeping the better part, without any other answers. At length being tired of the pursuit, they returned one daring to say a word against it." In such terms was sir Oliver to Paris, and related their ill success, and the tricks the constable's de Clisson accused behind his back; and the proverb says truly, that vassals had played them. Those who had accused him, and wished "those whom necessity forces to sell have never a fair offer." his condemnation, would not that he had acted otherwise, for now, The duke of Brittany caused it to be rumored throughout his they said, they would have instant judgment, and he should be treated country, that whenever the dukes of Berry and Burgundy should acc;,lding to his deserts. please, he could easily reduce the lord de Clisson to the lowest state; They publicly slmmoned, by order of parliament, sir Oliver de but at the moment he left him undisturbed, to see what turn affairs Clisson In all legal form, allowing the usual interval between each would take, for he expected, from the measures then pursuing, the summnons, to prevent those attached to him from saying that hatred lord de Clisson must be deprived of the constableship. The duke or malice had outstripped justice. After every adjournment was of Brittany and sir Peter de Craon were thus suddenly relieved from completed, without any intelligence received from him, and after he all anxiety by the favor of dame Fortune, who, ever in motion, exalts had been summened first at the door of the chamber of parliament, those who least expect it, and atumbles others into the dirt from the then publicly at the gates and on the steps of the palace, with every top of her wheel. usual solemnity, without any answer being returned, a most cruel Sir Oliver de Clisson, the lord de la Riviere, and sir John le Mer sentence was passed by the court. He was banished the kingdom cier, were principally accused of being the authors of the king's ill. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. ness; and it was commonly reported by those weho hated them, and from the various treaties which are of this date, and which excellent wished their death, that they had poisoned the king. Now consider materials, through the grace of God, I shall work upon as long as I how little there was in this charge, or how little probability of their live; for the more I labor at it the more it delights me: just as a attempting such an act, who were sure of being prosecuted if any gallant knight or squire-at-arms, who loves his profession, the longer accident happened to the king, and of course would have been the he continues it so much the more delectable it appears. roost eager to have preserved him in health. But nothing was be- You have had it before related in these chronicles, that a truce had lieved which they urged in their defence, as you already know. The been agreed on for three years at Leulinghen, between France and lord de la Riviere and sir John le Mercier were for a long time im- England; that embassadors friom France, namely the count de Saint prisoned in the Bastille, and in great danger of being publicly be- Pol and the lord de Ch&teaumorant, had brought the papers signed headed. It would undoubtedly have been done, if the king had not and sealed from England; and that, since then, the lord de Chateauvery opportunely recovered his health, and had it not been for the niorant and sir Taupin de Cantemerle, had accompanied the dukes strong and repeated intercessions the duchess of Berry made for the of Lancaster and York from the conferences at Amiens to London, lord de la Riviere. Thi lord de Clisson resided in Brittany; and a to learn the intentions of the king and parliament of England, in re. severe warfare was kept up between him and thu duke, which cost gard to the advances which had been made at Amiens toward a solid many lives, as will be related hereafter. peace between the two nations, subject, however, to the consent of England, which had been reserved in the treaty by the dukes of Lancaster and York. The French knights had returned to France; for ~CHAPTER Li~. ~they were told nothing could be done in the matter until the meeting of the parliament, which was appointed to be holden at Westminster KING CHARLES RECOVERS HIS SENSES TIIHROUGH THE MERCY OF GOD, AND at Michaelmas: that then the affair would be discussed, anrid they THE DILIGENT ATTENTION OF HIS PtYSICIAN, MASTER WILLIAM DE should have an answer. When it was known in England how HARSELEY. grievously the king of France was afflicted, the business was much THE disorder, which befel the king on his journey to Brittany, retarded. Nevertheless, the king and the duke of Lancaster were greatly affected all his subjects, and they naturally felt for their king, desirous of peace between England and France, and, had it depended desirous of peace between England and France, and, had it depended who, before his illness, was very popular with all ranks. Being the on them, it would have been concluded; but it was not so, for the chief, every part of the government suffered; for, in like manner, commons of England preferred war to peace, saying, "that war with when the head of a man is sick, his other members are not painless. France was more beneficial to them than otherwise." This was also No one ventured to talk openly of his indisposition, which was con- the opinion of Thomas duke of Gloucester, constable of England, cealed as much as it could be. Indeed, it was perfectly unklnown who was very popular throughout the country. He inclined for war, to the queen until she was recovered from her lying-in; and - believe as did all the young men who were anxious to signalize themselves this time she was brought to bed of a daughter. Master William de in arms; but his brother, the duke of Lancaster, as the oldest and Harseley, who had the king under his care, resided quietly with him most powerful, took the lead, and said, "the war had lasted long at Creil, and was very attentive to him, which gained him honor and enough between France and England, and that a good peace, if pro. profit, for by little and little he recovered for him his health. He perly attended to, would be very welcome to all parties, who had first got rid of the fever and great heat he complained of, and then suffered greatly from the long state of warfare." The duke added, restored to him his appetite, sleep, and his recollection of things about " tliat holy Chrismndom was in danger from Bajazet, who was in him. Until he was strong enough to bear removal for change of air, great force on the frontiers of Hungary, sorely oppressirlg that country; he allowed him to ride, hunt, and amruse himself with hawking. and that was the proper time for all young bachelors who wished to he alowed im, t rid, bun. andamusehimslf wih hawing. try their skiill in arnis." On the news of the king's recovery being spread abroad, the whole Let us weigh wellr these words of the duke of Lancaster, which." kingdom of France was rejoiced, and most heartily and sincerely Let us weigh well these words of the duke of Lancaster, which were thanksgivings ofltred uip to God folr having restored the king to were offered with the best intentions; for hlie had many times invaded his senses and nmenory. Dunng his residence atCreil,he demanded France and overrun that country with smnall gain. He had underto see the queen and his soni: she came thither, and brought the gone great bodily fatigue; and though lihe burnt and destroyed the dauphin. The king received them veiry kindly; and thus by degrees, flat country, it was almost as soon recovered again from the damages through the mercy of' Goid, was he restored to health. Master Wil- it had suffered. He said that this war led to no good end; but, if hiam de Harseley, seeing him in so fair a way, was in high spirits, continued, must be pushed forward with vigor, and the slightest reand not without reason; for he hid perorlmed an astonishing cure. verse might be attended with the worst consequences. He likewise He now gave him up to the care n his brother, the duke of Orleans, perceived the king was more desirous of peace than war. I, the an. and his uncles, the dukes of Berry, BLurgundy, and Bourbon, saying thor of this history, Iknow not how to determine who was in the riight, to them; " Thanks to God, the king is now well: I deliver him up or who in the wrong; but it was said the reason of the duke of Lanto you; but henceforward, you must.arefully avoid angering or vex- caster's conduct was, that he had married his two daughters in Castille ing him, for as yet his nerves have riot quite recovered their strength, and Portugal, and therefore he was desirous of peace. His son-inthough they will daily get better. Armusements and relaxations from law, the king of Castille, was young; and to prevent any troubles the fatigues of business will be of service to him, and above all, he from his grandees, and in order that he might reign quietly, it was must not weary himself too much with his ministers or council; for necessary there should be such a peace with France as the English his head will continue some time weak and delicate, as hlie has been could hot infringe. Should they do so, the French would instantly much pulled down and shattered by this indisposition." fall on Castille; for they had free entrances thither, through the Having consulted together, they resolved to retain master William kingdom of Arragon, of which the lady Jolande de Bar, a French de Harseley at such an ample salary as should satisfy him, for it is woman, was queen, and who governed that kingdom as well as the object of all imedical men to gain large salaries, and as much Catalonia, or through the countries of B1arn and the Basques; for profit as possible, from the lords andl ladies who call for their aid. It the viscount de Chateaubon, the heir to the late count de Foix, had was therefore proposed to hin, to remnain with the king; but hlie ex- sworn anrd sealed to grant this permission, when required by the king cused hinself, saying, "that he xx as old and weakly; that the man. of France. The French had therefore several entrances to Castille, ner of living at court would not tgree with his years, and that hlie without danger of opposition from the king of Navarre, who would must immediately return to his nursling at home." When they saw not willingly anger his cousin-german the king of France. - His he was determined in his refusal, thiy pressed hirrm no further. They brother sir Peter de Navarre, was besides at the court of France, and gave him permission to depart, and, on his taking leave, presented xvould instantly soften any disputes that should arise between the him with one thousand crowns of gold, and an order for four horses king of France and his brother of Navarre; for he was a good French. on the postmasters whenever he should please to come to court. I man, aid never acted but fer the mutual interest of the two kings believe he never returned; for he continued in the city of' Laon, where The duke of Lancaster was fully aware of all the consequences of he died very rich, possessed of thirty thousand francs. He was the war, and frequently remonstrated on the subject with his son, Henry most niggardly man of his time: his whole pleasure was amassing earl of Derby, who though young, had an understanding and prudence money, and never spending a farthing at home, but eating and drink- that seemed likely to produce perfection. This earl of Derby had ing abroad wherever he could. With such rods are physicians cor- four fine sons, Henry, John, Humphrey and Thomas, and two daugh. rected. ters, by Mary de Bohun, daughter to the earl of Hereford and North. ampton, constable of England, and possessed in her right very large CHAPTER LII. estates. estates. The conclusion of the matter respecting peace, which was long THE TRUCE IS PROLONGED BETWEEN FRANCE AND ENGLAND. THE VIS- discussed in the parliament held at Westminster, of prelates, nobleCOUNT DR CHASTELBON DOES HOMAGE FOR THE COUNTY OF FOIX TO THE imein, and citizens from the cities and principal towns, was, that a SRINCG OF FRANCE. truce should take place between England, France, and their respecTo continue this noble and pleasant history, undertaken at the re- tive allies, by sea and land, to last firom Michaelmas to Saint John quest and pleasure of that liberal and potent prince, my very dear lord Baptist's day, and one year longer. Those who had been sent by and patron, Guy de Chastillon, count de Blois, lord of Ayesnes, Chi- the king of France, carried backl the articles of the truce properly may, Beaumont, Schoenhoven and Turgow; I, John Froissart, priest signed and sealed, and the agreement was observed by all parties. and chiaplaii to my very dear lord before named, and at the time The health of the king of France had been so exceedingly weak. treasurer and canon of Chimay and Lille in Flanders, set myself to ened by his late illness, that his coumcil knew not to whom to apply work at my forge, to produce new and notable matter relative to the I for advice; for the physician who had before attended, master Wil. wars betweeniFrance and England and their allies, as clearly appears liam de Harseley, was dead, He had, however, given the king CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 557 before he left him, several good recipes which he had used, and had There was in the king's household, a Norman squire, called lu. returned to Paris in the winter with very good health, to the great gonin de Gensay, a near relation of the bridegroom, who thought of joy of his family and the whole commonalty of France, with whom the following piece of pleasantry to amuse the king and ladies. This he was very popular. The queen accom.panied him from Creil to marriage was on a Tuesday before Candlemas-day, and he had in Paris, where they resided at the hotel de Saint Pol. At times he the evening provided six coats of linen covered with fine flax, the went to the Louvre, but for the most part staid at the hotel de Saint color of hair. He dressed the king in one of them, the count de Pol; and, during the long winter nights, there were carolings, dan- Joigny, a young and gallant knight, in another, which became him cings and other amusements, in the presence of the king, queen, well; sir Charles de Poitiers, son of the count Valentinois, had the duchess of Berry, duchess of Orleans and other ladies, who thus third; sir Evan de Foix, the fourth; the son of the lord de Nan passed the winter nights. touillet, a young knight, had the fifth, and Hugonin dressed himself! i i 54ioi THSI MASQUE AT PARis, in which the King and others were in great danger. From a MS. of the 15th century. At this season, the viscount de Chateaubon came to Paris, to do in the sixth.? When they were all thus dressed, by having the conts homage to the king for the county of Foix, which he inherited as legal sewed round them, they appeared like savages, for they were covered heir to Gaston de Foix, and which was a fief dependent on France. with hair from head to foot. This masquerade pleased the king BWarn is an independent state, and the lords of it owe service to greatly, and he expressed his pleasureto the squire. It was so secretnone other lord but God, notwithstanding the claims the late prince ly contrived that no one knew anything of the matter but the servants of Wales, of happy memory, urged against Gaston de Foix, the late who had attended on them. Sir Evan de Foix, who seemed to have lord of B6arn. The prince pretended it was dependent on Aqui- more foresight of what was to happen, said to the king, " Sire, taine, but the count de Foix denied the fact. To say the truth, all command strictly that no one come near us with torches; for, if a these claims of the prince were instigated through the count John spark fall on the coats we are dressed in, the flax will instantly take d'Armagnac, as has been already told, so that I shall now pass the fire, and we inevitably be burnt: take care, therefore, of what I say."' matter over. When the viscount de ChAteaubon, whom henceforward " Evan," replied the king, "you speak well and wisely, and your I shall call the count de Foix, came to Paris, he brought a cousin advice shall be attended to." " He then forbade his servants to folwith him, a bastard son of the late count, called Evan de Foix, a low, and, sending for one of the serjeants-at.arms that waited at the handsome and accomplished knight; whom his late father would doors of the appartments, said to him, " Go to the room where the have willingly made his heir, with his brother Gracien, that was now ladies are, and command, in the king's name, that all the torches be with the king of Navarre, but the barons of B6arn would not con- placed on one side of it, and that no person come near six savage sent to it. The matter, therefore remained unsettled, for the count, men who are about to enter." as you have seen, died suddenly. On sir Evan being introduced to The serjeant did as he had been ordered by the king, and the the king, he took a great liking to him, for he was wonderfully hand- torch-bearers withdrew on one side and no one approached the dan. some and well made; he was besides of the same age with the king; cers, so long as the savages staid in the room. The apartment was and the affairs of the viscount de Chateaubon were benefited by this now clear of all but ladies, damsels, and knights and squires, who friendship, as they were the more speedily concluded. The viscount were dancing with them. Soon after, the duke of Orleans entered, returned home; but sir Evan remained at court, and was named by attended by four knights, and six torches, ignorant of the orders that the king one of the knights of his bed-chamber, with twelve coursers had been given, and of the entrance of the savages. He first looked at the charge of the crown. at the dancing, and then took part himself, just as the king of France made his appearance,'with five others dressed like savages, and covered with flax, to represent hair from head to foot. Not one CHAPTER LIII. person in the company knew them; and they were all fastened to. gether, while the king led them dancing. On their entrance, every trE KING OF FRANCE IN GREAT DANGER OF Irs LIFE AT A MASKED. DANCE s cpied in examini them, that the orders about the OF MEN DRESSED LIK6 SAVAGES. POPE BONIFACE AND THE CARDINALS one was so occupied in examining them, that the orders about the TOF RMEN DRESSED IE SAVAES. ForE BONIFACE AEND THE CARDINALS Ttorches were forgotten. The king, who was the leader, fortunately for him, quitted them to show himself to the ladies, as was natural NOT long after this, a marriage took place between a young squire to his youth; and passing by the queen, placed himself near the of Vermandois and a damsel of the queen, both of the royal house- duchess of Berry, who, though his aunt, was the youngest of the hold. The court were much pleased at it, and the king resolved to company. The duchess amused herself in talking with him, and keep their wedding-feast at his expense. It was held at the hotel of endeavoring to find out who he was; but the king, rising up froml Saint Pol, and great crowds of lords attended; among whom were his seat, would not discoverhimself. The duchess said, "You shall the dukes of Orleans, Berry, Bulrgundy, and their duchesses. The not escape thus, for I will know your name." wedding-day* was passed in dancing and joy. The king entertained At this moment, a most unfortunate accident befel the others, at supper the queen in great state; and every one exerted himself to add to the gayety, seeing how much delighted the king appeared. * In the history of France, by Villaret, these masquers were-theking-Hugues de _ -__ Guissai —le comlte de Joigni-Aymard de Poitiers, son of the count de Valentinos —l ~ The 39th of January 1392 old style. 1393 new style. —ED. tbtard tie FoixS-Jesn de Nalltouillet. 558 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. through the youthful gaye y of the d,~e Orleans, who, if he had fore- company you, for the citizens of Paris are very desirous to see you." seen the mischief he was aoout to cause, it is to be presumed would The king replied, he would do as they advised; and then entered not, for any consideration, have so acted. He was very inquisitive into conversation with his brother the duke of Orleans, whom he in examining them, to find out who they were; and, as the five were much loved. His uncles received the duke kindly, blaming him a dancing, he took one of the torches from his servants, and, holding little for the youthful trick he had played. It seemed he was not it too near their dresses, set them on fire. Flax, you know, is instant- displeased at their lecture, and declared hlie never intended or sus ly in a blaze; and the pitch, with which the cloth had been covered pected he was doing wrong. to fasten the flax, added to the impossibility of extinguishing it. On the point of nine o'clock, the king and his attendants mounted They were likewise chained together, and there cries were dreadful; their horses, and rode through Paris from the h6tel de Saint Pol, to for the fire was so strong, scarcely any dared approach. Some the church of NBtre-Dame, to appease the people, who were in great knights indeed did their utmost to disengage them, but the pitch commotion, where he heard mass, and made his offerings. He then burnt their hands very severely; and they suffered a long time after- returned to the h6tel de Saint Pol with his lords, who dined there. wards from it. This accident was by degrees forgotten, and obsequies, prayers, and One of the five, Nantouillet, recollected that the buttery was near, alms were made for the dead. Ah, count Gaston de Foix i hadst broke the chain, and flying thither, flung himself into a tub of water thou been alive and heard of the cruel death of this thy favorite son, which was there for washing dishes and plates. This saved him, or thou wouldst have been sadly grieved, for thou didst love him much, he would have been burnt to death like the others: but he was withal and I know not how thou wouldst have been consoled. All the some time very ill. When the queen heard the cause of the cries, lords and ladies in France, when they heard of this accident, were she was alarmed lest the king should be hurt, for he had told her he shocked and grieved. would be one of the six, and in her fright fainted and fell down: her But you must know, that pope Boniface and his cardinals at Rome ladies and knights hastened to her assistance; and the confusion were well pleased when they learnt the news, because the king was was so great, no one knew what to do. The duchess of Berry saved contrary to their interests. They said among themselves, in a con. the king by throwing the train of her robe over him, and detaining sistory, that it was a second punishment sent by God, to make him him, for he wanted to quither. "Where are you going?" said she: take warning, for having supported the anti-pope of Avignon, Robert "do you notsee your companions are in a blaze? who are you? for de Geneve, who was false, proud, and presumptuous, and had never it is not now a time to keep it a secret." He then named himself, done one good act in his whole life, but had deceived the world. saying," I am the king." "Ah, my lord," replied the duchess, "put The pope and cardinals resolved so send in secret manner and with. on quickly another dress, and show yourself to the queen, for she is out pomp, a learned friar to the king of France, well instructed how very much distressed about you." to speak and preach, to attempt to bring him and the French nation The king on this left the roonii, and, having thrown aside his back to the way of salvation. They maintained, that he was now mummery, dressed himself as fast as he could, and returned to the gone astray, and that being the greatest king in Christendom, the queen, who had been much comforted by the duchess of Berry. church ought to be enlightened and supported by him more than by When the king had quitted her, she went to the queen and said, any other. They selected a devout and sensible man, whom they Madam, do not be alarmed for the king: you will shortly see him, ordered to go into France; but, before his departure, they instructed or I have been talking with him." As she said this, the king ap- him what to say and how to act. This was not so quickly done, nor peared, and the queen trembled for joy: she was carried by her did the envoy soon arrive; for the distance was great, and he had knihts to her chamber, where the king attended and comforted her. many different states to pass through. It was besides necessary that The bastard of Foix, when on fire, cried aloud, " Save the king! save the friar, who was a Franciscan monk, should know if the king of the king!" who indeed was saved in the manner I have related. It France were willing to see him before he set out. was the providence of God that inspired him to leave his companions and converse with the ladies, for, had he remained with them, he nmust inevitably have been burnt to death. CHAPTER LIV. This terrible accident happened about twelve o'clock at night, in the ball-room, at the hotel de Saint Pol, and it was a most melancholy THE DUCHESS OF BERRY SUPPORTS THE LORD DE LA RIVIERE IN OFrOSITION spectacle. Of the four that were on fire, two died on the spot: the TO THE DUCHESS OF BURGUNDY. other two, the bastard of Foix and the count de Joigny, were carried Wz will return to the affairs of France, and say how they were to their hotels, and died two days afterwards in great agonies. Thus going on. Notwithstanding the king's recovery, the dukes of Berry unfortunately did the wedding-feast end, although the married couple and Burgundy did not desist from their attempts to ruin that valiant could no way be blamed. The duke of Orleans was alone in fault, and prudent knight, the lord de la Riviere. He and sir John le Mer. who certainly intended not any harm when he held the torch so near cier were still confined in the Bastille of Saint Anthony, under tue them. His giddiness caused it; and, when he witnessed how unlucky care of the viscount d'Achy; and it was current through Paris, that he had been, said aloud: "Listen to me all that can hear me. Let they would be put to death, insomuch that it was daily expected they no one be blamed for this unfortunate accident but myself: what would be delivered over to the provost of the Ch~telet; and when has been done was through my fault: but wo is me that it has hap- once this was done, nothing could prevent them from being publicly pened! and, had I foreseen the consequences, nothing on earth should beheaded as traitors to the crown of France. From the information have induced me to do it." The duke then followed the king, and I then had, I am convinced their execution would have taken place1 made his excuses, which were accepted. This melancholy event had not the grace of God been shown them, and the duchess of Berry happened on the Tuesday before Candlemas-eve, in the year of grace exerted herself so much. This good lady was incessant in her 1392: it made a great noise in France and in other countries. entreaties for la Riviere-who had carried her to France and con. The dukes of Berry and Burgundy were not present when the eluded her marriage-but not without great difficulty, with the duke maskers were set on fire, but were at their own h6tels, having taken of Berry. Sir John le Mercier was therefore fortunate in his situa. leave of the king, queen, and ladies. When, on the morrow, it tion to share the benefits of her exertions. She frequently, with tears, became public in Paris, the people wondered greatly, and said that addressed her lord, saying, "that he was instigated by the malicious God had a second time shown his kind providence to the king, and and envious insinuations of the enemies of la Riviere to keep him so that he ought now to put aside these childish things, and occupy him-. long in prison, and confiscate his inheritance. Ah, my lord, you self more seriously; for that he had too long played the boy, which was make him a very ungrateful return for all the pains he took in bringunbecoming a king 4f France. The commonalty murmured among ing about our marriage, when you thus consent to his destruction. themselves, and sai,. "What a narrow escape the king has had! if At least, if you take his property, spare his life; for, if he be executed he had been burnt lik;* he others, which might easily have happened, for the charges that are so unjustly made against him, I shall never what wouid have become of his uncles? They may be assured not again enjoy happiness. My lord, I do not say this from any feigned one of them would have escaped death, nor any knight found in Paris." motive, but I really feel that it will weigh most heavily on my mind. The dukes of Berry and Burgundy, hearing of this language, were I therefore pray God you will take proper measures for his deliver astonished and alarmed, and not without cause. They mounted ance." The duke perceiving she was in earnest, and that her argu. their horses, and rode to the h8tcel de Saint Pol to the king, and con- ments were good, abated greatly his hatred to the lord de la Riviere, gratulated him on his escape. They found him still frightened, for who would sooner have obtained his liberty; but they were desirous he had not yet recovered the sense of the peril he had been in the of putting to death sir John le Mercier, and they could not punish one preceding nght. He told them his fair aunt of Berry had saved without the other. This sir John le Mercier had wept so long in him from being burnt, but that he was exceedingly grieved for the prison, that he had almost lost his eye-sight. melancholy end of the count de Joigny, sir Evan de Foix, and sir Had the duchess of Burgundy been listened to, they would have Charles de Poitiers. His uncles consoled him, saying, " My lord, suffered a disgraceful and public death, without hopes of mercy; for what is done cannot be recovered: you must forget their deaths, and she hated them because they had, with sir Oliver de Clisson, advi.-el render thanks to God for the miraculous escape you yourself have the king of France to make the expedition into Brittany, to destroy had for this event might have been nearly the death of the kingdom i her cousin the duke. She said, that Clisson, ie Mercier, and la as well as your own. You may easily inmagine what would have Riviere were the cause of the kin,'s illness, which would never have been the consequences, when the commons of Paris hold such lan- happened, had they not persuaded him to undertake the war against guage as has been reported to us; and God knows, that if you had Brittany. You must know, that although the king was now in a tol. perished, they would have murdered us all. Make yourself ready to erably good state of mental and bodily health, the dukes of Berry and go in rsyal state, suitable to your rank, and ride in pilgrimage to the Burgundy did not resign the government of the kingdom; and, as *hurch 4f Notre.Dame and show yourself to your people; we will ac.! they had all the weight, they determined to have the prohit also. To CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 559 this end, they placed only their creatures about the king's person, who Foix and de Bearn The king was averse to all these proposals, and was but a king in name, for the two dukes took on themselves to said to the duke of Berry, "Fair uncle of Berry, we are not willing manage whatever concerned the realm. The duchess of Orleans that our cousin your daughter should be settled at a distance from the was not pleased that the duchess of Burgundy should have rank sec- fleurs-de-lis. We will provide a marriage for her, that shall be suit. ond to the queen. She loved honors, and said to those in her confi- able in all respects. We see her with pleasure near us; and it dence, "The duchess of Burgundy has no right to take precedence becometh her not to leave her mother-in-law, as they are nearly of of me: I am nearer the crown of France than she is, for my lord is the same age." These words and others cooled the duke's intentions brother to the king. It may so happen that he shall be king; and, of marrying his daughter otherwise than as it pleased the king, who as I then must be queen, I know no reason why she is thus eager of leant to his cousin the lord Philip d'Artois. He was a young and honors that are not belonging to her, and to place me behind her." gallant knight, and had acquired great renown in arms, in the dif. We will for a while leave these ladies, and speak of some changes ferent expeditions he had made, as well near home as beyond sea in France, and of sir Oliver de Clisson, and of the manner in which and was also much in favor of the knights and squires of France. ne was treated. The dukes of Berry and Burgundy agreed, that if the king would give to their cousin of Artois the office ot constable of France, which was now vacant, from the sentence against sir Oliver de Clisson, the marriage with the lady Mary should take place; for, in case he were constable, he would be wealthy enough to keep a becoming state. They C, resolved to speak to the king on this sub. THE LOR D C REFUSES TO THESWORDOFCONSTABLE INi yet more Winveterate ainject, which they did as follows: "My lord, your council recommends that our cousin, L ORD LO S the lord Philip d'Artois, count d'E, be "?! rinvested with the kffice of constable of France; for Clisson, by the sentence of your judges in parliament, has forfeited;' of him to Brittand the office cannot longerube vacant without great prejudice to the realm. You are bounden, as well as ourselves, to assist our wasP~~ ~ determined.~~~~~~~~ b y t h e cousin of Artois, for he is very nearly related to us by blood; and, since such an office is vacant, we cannot better fill it than by sir Philip d'Artois, for he will ably and loyally execute it, and is much beloved by every knight and squire, being without envy or avarice." This speech was very agreeable to the king, who gayly replied, that he would think of it; and, if the office was to be disposed of, he would rather the count d'Eu had it than any other. _____ rThings remained some time in this state but the king was continually solicited by MARRrAGE OF PHILIP D'ARTeOs AND LaDY MARY s BmR'y. Designed frmn Monuments of the family it the his uncles, who were desirous ofadvanced sir Philip d'Artois, and degrading sir Oliver de Clisson; for the duke of Ber y hated him for the death of Bethisac, and the duke of Burgundy for h.s C H A P T E R L V. opposition to the duke of Brittany; but the duchess of Burgundy was THE LORD DR COUCY REFUSES TO ACCEPT THE SWORD OF CONSTABLE IN yet more inveterate against him than her lord. The king at length TIE ROOM OF CLISSON. THE DUKES OF BERRY AND BURGUNDY INVEST gave his assent, on condition the duke of Berry gave him his daughter. THE LORD PHILIP D'ARTOIS, COUNT D'EU, WITH IT, IN CONSIDERATION But, before matters had proceeded thus far, in order to avoid dis. OF HIS MARRIAGE WITH THE LADY MARY OF BERRY, WIDOW OF THE gusting the king, and to satisfy the duke of Orleans, who strongly ~~~LORDn ~ LOUIS DE BLOIS. ~supported the lord de Clisson, sir William des Bordes, sir William Martel, both knights of the king's chamber, and sir Philip de Savoisis, You have before heard that the constable was summoned publicly knight to the duke of Berry, were again sent to Brittany, to speak by the parliament of Paris, after an adjournment of fifteen days be- with sir Oliver de Clisson in the king's name. These knights, havtween each summons, and how commissioners were sent in pursuit ing made their preparations, took their road through Angers, where of him to Brittany, but in vain, for he concealed himself from them. they met the queen of Jerusalem and John of Brittany, who handHad they been able to have spoken to him, they would have served somely entertained them, in honor of the king. They remained at him personally with the orders of the court, and laid hands on him, Angers two days, and inquired where they could find the lord de according to the instructions they had received. When, on their re- Clisson, for they had a very courteous message to deliver to him from turn, they had given an account of their mission to the parliament, it the king alone, who had ordered them to speak with him. They was determined by the court and lords of parliament, that sir Oliver replied, that they had not any positive intelligence where he was, de Clisson, constable of France, had forfeited the protection of the but they supposed he must be in one of his castles in Brittany: that court, and should be banished France, and deprived of all offices he did not constantly remain in any one, but moved from one to and possessions he held within that kingdom; for that he had con- another. At their departure the knights took leave of the queen, her tumaciously refused obedience to the summons of the great chamber, son Charles, prince of Tarentum, and John of Brittany, count de though sealed with their seal, and also had refused to send back his Penthievre, and continued their journey to Rennes. The dulte of sword of office. The dukes of Berry and Burgundy, with their Brittany had shut himself up with his duchess in Vannes, without councils, who all hated the constable and wished his ruin, said they making any excursions abroad for fear of ambuscades, and meeting would provide a remedy; for the office of constable was so noble, his adversary Clisson, as they were carrying on a murderous war and of such weight, it could not long remain vacant, for fear of ac- against each other. When their parties met, mercy was shown by cidents that might happen, neither, and the field was gained by the death of their opponents: if, The lord de Coucy was thought the most proper person to fill it; therefore, he felt alarmed, he had cause for it; for, although the duke but he excused himself, and refused positively to accept of it though was sovereign of the country, there was not a knight or squire that he should be forced to leave France. When they saw he was de- would bear arms against the lord de Clisson. They dissembled with termined, they looked elsewhere. At this time, a treaty of marriage the duke, saying, the quarrel did not in any way concern them, and was in agitation between the lord Phillip d'Artois and the young staid at home without interfering. This the duke was forced to put countess de Dunois, the widow of the lord Louis de Blois, and the up with. king of France was well inclined that this marriage with his cousin When the knights arrived at Rennes, they asked where they could should take place, but the duke of Berry refused his consent; for the for certain find sir Oliver de Clisson, but no one could positively county of Eu is but of small value, in comparison of what she was answer them. They resolved to ride to Chateau-Josselin, and were entitled to from her first union, and he looked to marry her more well received by the vassals of sir Oliver, out of respect to the king nobly. To say the truth, the countess was, for beauty and goodness, of France. They inquired after their lord, and where they could see and everything belonging to a noble lady, worthy of the highest rank. him, for they were sent by the king and the duke of Orleans to speak The duke of Berry, however, was unwilling to angei the king of with him. They either would not, or could not, give them any satis. France, who knew well that he was solicited by many persons for factory account; but said, in excuse for themselves and sir Oliver: the hand of his daughter: among whom were the young duke of "Certainly, my lords, not one of us knows where to find him: to-day!.orraine the count d'Armagnac, and the eldest son of the count de he i~ at one place, to-morrow at another. You may safely ride all 560 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &;e. over Brittany, since you come from the king; and all the castles and will consent to it." Sir Oliver answered: "1 believe firmly, that houses of our lord will be thrown open to you." you wish me every good; but, on the security he offers through you, Perceiving they could not obtain any further information they left I will not advance one step. However, since you are all so earnest Chateau-Josselin, and rode to all the castles, both great and small, in the business, for which it behooves me to thank you, I will mentior of the lord de Clisson, but without learning anything more. They on what terms I will come to him; and youshall, if they be agrees then waited on the duke and duchess at Vannes, who gave them a ble to you, carry them back as my final answer. On your return, hearty welcome; but they only staid half a day with them, without you will tell the duke, that I will not accept other pledge for my discovering the object of their secret mission, nor was the duke very safety than his only son, who is betrothed to a princess of France. inquisitive about their coming. They did not see sir Peter de Craon. Let him send him hither to remain under the guard of my men, in On taking leave of the duke and duchess, they set out on their return Chateau-Josselin, until I be returned, and I will then set out to wait to Paris to the king and lords, who were expecting them. They on him. This mode is more agreeable to me than any other, and gave an account to the king and the duke of Orleans, of having vis- also more reasonable; for were you to remain here as hostages, as ited all the towns and castles of the lord de Clisson without seeing you offer, who would there be to negotiate the treaty? or who would or gaining any certain intelligence of him. The dukes of Berry and be the mediators between us? and how, without your interference, Burgundy were pleased at hearing this, and would not have wished shall we ever come to an agreement?" When the three barons saw it otherwise. he was determined, they took leave of the lord de Clisson, and re. Shortly afterwards the marriage was consummated between the turned to Vannes, to relate to the duke what sir Oliver had said. In lord Philip d'Artois and the lady Mary of Berry. He was appointed regard to sending his son to Chbteau-Josselin, the duke absolutely constable of France, to enjoy all the privileges and emoluments of refused; and the war continued on the same footing as before, so that that office, although sir Oliver de Clisson had not resigned it, nor no merchants or others dared to travel through the country. All sent back his sword of office. He persisted that he was still consta- commerce was at a stand in Brittany, which was severely felt in the ble, for that he had never done anything against the king or crown cities and large towns: even the laborers in husbandry were also in of France that could deprive him of it. Things, therefore, remained a state of idleness. in this state. The duchess of Burgundy assisted her cousin as much as she could with men-at-arms from Burgundy and elsewhere, for the duke C H A P T E R LV I. could not prevail on his subjects to talke part in the war, and the knights and squires, excepting those of his household, dissembled THE CONSTABSLE DE CLISSON, DURIlNG HIS ABSENCE FROM~ FRANCE, WAGES TA CONSTAOLE D cLSSoN, DU KIN HIS ABSENCE FROM FRANIE, GES their opinions. On the other hand, the duke of Orleans, who W ON TiE DUKE O BRITTANy. was attached to the constable, supported him underhand, and sent biR Oliver de Clisson was soon informed that the count d'Eu was him men.at-arms, and good coursers to re-mount his men. Sir nominated constable of France, and was to do the duty and receive Oliver made more frequent excursions than the duke, and it hapthe profits from the date of his appointment, with the consent of the pened that he met with two of the duke's squires who were going king of France, and that he had married the daughter of the duke of on his business: oiie of them was called Bernard, and the other Berry, widow of lord Louis of Blois. To all this he was perfectly Yvonnet: they could neither fly nor avoid falling into sir Oliver's indifferent, for hlie felt that his loyalty and honor were as firm as ever, hands, who was rejoiced at it, for he was well acquainted with them. and that he had never done anything to forfeit either against the king One lad in former tiries done him a service, the other the contrary, or crown of France; but that all these proceedings originated in the which he then recollected. They were much frightened at being natred and malice of the dukes of Berry and Burgundy, which were thus caught, and sir Oliver addressed them: "Dost thou remember, so great that they could not conceal them. This determined the Yvonnet, how cruelly thou behavedst to me in the castle of Ermine, lord de Clisson to continue his war with prudence and vigor against near Vannes, when thou didst shut me up in a dungeon? Thou, the duke of Brittany. It was severe and bloody, for neither party, Bernard, then hadst pity on me, and pulling off thy coat, because I when they met, made a sham of fighting, but Ikilled each other with- was only in my doublet and lying on the pavement, gavest it to me, out mercy. The lord de Clisson rode frequently from one of his to cover me from the cold. I will now return that friendship, by castles to another, and laid more ambuscades than the duke, finding sparing thy life; but as for this wicked traitor, Yvonnet, who might himself superior in numbers to oppose him. None of the Breton have avoided, if he pleased, the cruelty of his conduct, he shall suf. chivalry would interfere by bearing arms on either side; but, when for. At these words, he drew his dagger, and slew him on the spot. the duke sent for them, they came to know what he wanted. HI-e HIe then continued his course, without touching the servants. demanded from them aid and advice to correct his vassal, sir Oliver Another time, sir Oliver de Clisson, with about three hundred de Clisson, who had greatly misbehaved himself toward him. The lances, was riding before the castle of Auray, in which were the duke barons of Brittany, such as the viscount de Rohan, the lord do Di- and duchess. He met about forty of the duke's varlets, who had nant, sir Herman de Lyon, and many more, excused themselves, say- tied their horses to trees, for it was near midsummer, and having cut in e, they were uninterested in this quarrel, and would not therefore some hay, were trussing it up to carrry, like foragers, to their lodgbear arms against the lord de Clisson; but that they would heartily ings. Sir Oliver galloped among them, without other harm than the lrbor to mediate between the duke and him, if they knew how, or fright he put them to, and said: "How dare you talke the field, and saw any probability of establishing peace between them. carry away the harvest of the farmers? You have not sown this, The duke, seeing he could no way prevail on them to join him, and and are cutting it before it is ripe: you have begun your harvest too that in this warfare he was losing more men than the lord de Clisson, soon. Come, take up your scythes, and mount your horses: for this consented to send the above..named barons to treat with him, and bring time I will do you no harm; but go and tell the duke of Brittany, him, under safe passports, to Vannes, that they might confer together. who I know is in Auray, to come hither, or send his men to receive They were to add, that he would find him courteous, and well-in- me; and that Clisson informs him he will remain here until sunset." clined to listen to any reasonable terms; and, if he had treated The varlets were happy in their escape, for they thought'they should hia with contempt, he would make such reparations as those he ad- all be killed; therefore they picked up their scythes, mounted their dressed should think proper. The knights willingly undertook the horses, and returned to the dulke in Auray. I doubt not they punc. mission, for the sake of doing good, and set out in search of sir Oliver tually delivered the message, but the duke neither sallied out him. de Clisson, whom I believe they found at Chhteau-Josselin. They self, nor sent any of his men to meet sir Oliver de Clisson. Such told the message they were charged with from the duke, and urged skirmishes passed often between them, but the principal inhabitants him strongly to accept of peace; for war between them was very never interfered. unbecoming, displeasing to the nobles, and highly oppressive to the We will now leave the affairs of Brittany, and return to those of lower orders in Brittany. "Sir Oliver," said they, "we are thus France and England. pressing, in the hope that you will be pleased to wait on our lord; and, for your safety and secure return, we pledge ourselves to remain in your castle of Josselin, without ever stirring beyond the gates. CHAPTER LVII. We imagine, that when our lord and you shall confer together, you A TREATY OF PEACE IS CONCLUDED BETWEEN THE KINGS OF FRANCE AND will very speedily settle your differences, for we left him with the ENIGLAND, THROUGH THE MEDIATION OF THEIR UNCLES. best intentions toward you." that were held at Amiens To this speech, sir Oliver replied: "My good sirs, what advan- You have before heard of the conferences that were held at Amiens Iage can my death be to you? Do you think I know not the dulke on a peace between France and England, and on what terms the of Brittany? Most certainly I do; and he is too haughty and re- dulke of Lancaster had gone back. The English were unwilling to vengeful, whatever he may have assured you relative to my security consent to a peace, notwithstanding the king, the dukes of Lancasand safe return, not to resolve, the moment I shall be in his presence ter and York, and all the commissioners who had been at Amiens, to have me put to death, in spite of his promises to you; and, if I be strongly urged it; for the majority of the commons were desirous of killed, your fate will be the same, for my people will of course retail- war; and two-thirds of the young knights and squires knew not how ate on you. It is, therefore, much better we run not such risks. I to employ themselves: they had learnt idleness, and looked to war will guard myself well against him; and let him, if he please, do the as the means of support. However, they were forced to submit to same." "Fair cousin," replied sir Charles de Dinant, "you may the opinions of the king, his uncles, and the more intelligent part of say what you please; we have not seen him show any wish to have the nation. The duke of Lancaster, considering the matter, as well you' killed, if he could converse with you in the manner we have in regard to the welfare of his two daughters, the queens of Castille proposed, but, on the contrary, the strongest desire to accommodate all and Portugal, as in respect to his nephew, the king of England, who matters of dispute. We therefore, for him and for ourselves, beg you was greatly inclined to peace, took much pains to bring it about, be CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 561 cause he thought it would likewise be for the honor and advantage should reduce to writing their different grounds of treating, and mu. ot England. tually deliver them to each other, to consider of them at their leisure, On the part of France, the duke of Burgundy greatly exerted him- with their clerks, learned in the laws, who had accompanied them, self, for he found the whole weight of the government rested on him; and determine on what parts they could agree to, and what would since his nephews, the king and the duke of Orleans, were weak in not be accepted. This was assented to by all; for the dukes were body and minnd. He was of great power by his marriage with the before much fatigmed in hiearing the various papers read and dis_ heiress of Flanders, and daily expecting to inherit Brabant also. If, cussed; more especially the English commissioners; for, as it was *therefore, in times to come, these countries should quarrel with France, carried on in French, they were not so well used to the finesse and and uinite the:nmselves, as they had formerly done, with England, they double meanings of that language as the natives, who turned and wo;,ldt be an overmatch for her. The duke of Burgundy was a long- twisted it to their own advantage at pleasure. The English opposed sighted politician, as I was told by those who ought to know; and he this, for they wished everything to be made clear anid intelligible to and the duke of Lancaster effected that these conferences should be every one. The French accused the English of having, at various reneewed at Leulingheu, where they had before been held, and that times, infiringed the articles of the peace; and offered to prove it by the commissioners should have full powers to conclude a peace. The written documents, and the word of their king, as well as by the conferences were to be holden in the ensuing month of May, at Leu- judgment of the pope. This made the English more diligent to linghen, in the year of grace 1393. It had been thus agreed to by have everything made out plain; and, whenever they found anything both parties, and commissioners were appointed by each king. obscure in the proposals that had been given them from the French On the part of the king of England, were his two uncles the dukes commissioners, which they examined carefully and at leisure, they of Lancaster and Gloucester: this last was very popular with the made their clerks demand from tihe dukes of Berry and Burgbndy commons of England, and all others who preferred war to peace. how they understood such expressions; for the English dukes would From among the prelates were selected the archbishop of York, the not pass over an article that had the least tendency to a double meanbishop of London, and other clerks learned in thee laws, to expound ing; and whatever they did not clearly understand, they had erased the Latin letters. in their presence, declaring they would not allow of anything that These lords* repaired to Calais soon after St. George's day, which could bear a misconstruction, for that the French, who had been Is always celebrated at Windsor with great feastings by the knights from their youth trained to such things, were mbre subtle than the of the blue garter. The dukes of Berry and Burgundy made prepa- English. rations for coming to Boulogne, that they might be near at hand to So many difficulties greatly lengthened the conferences; and the the place of conference. The king of France showed great impa- English held themselves obliged to demand restitution of all the lands tience for peace, as the wars had lasted too long; and he said to his dependent on Aquitaine, and their profits since the commencement nncles, that he would fix his residence near to Leulinghien, to prove of the war, as they had been charged to do by the parliament of how eager he was in the matter, and to be ready at hand if neces- England. This the French would not agree to: they were willing, sary. It was proposed that lie siould be at Saint Omer, on the fron- indeed, to yield the countries of Tarbes, Bigorre, Agen, and the. tiers of Calais, or at Therouenne, Montreuil, or Abbeville; but the Agenois, with Perigord, but declared they would never restore Cahors, last place was determined on for his residence, as it was large and Rouergue, Quercy, and Linmousin, nor give up any part of Ponthieu convenient, and the court could easily be lodged on the banks of the or Guines more than the Eniglish possessed at tie present monment. beautiful river Somine. On these grounds things remained: they stood out for upward of When this was fixed, great preparations were made for the recep- fifteen days, and only came to the conclusion that it should be laid. tion of the king in Abbeville; and the abbey of Saint Peter, as being before the two kings: to forward the business, the dukes of Berry a large and handsome edifice of the Benedictine monks, was chosen and Burgundy offered to set out for Abbeville, to inform the kingt, for his lodgings. Thither came the kimng of France, accompanied of France of all that had passed; and, if he would acquiesce in the. by his brother, the duke of Orleans, and sir Reginald de Corbiet English proposals, they would not oppose them. They entreated,; chancellor of France. The dukes of Berry and Burgundy, with the on the other hand, their cousins to write to king Richard, and amni., other commissioners, were at Boulogne, and the duke of Lancaster cably let him know what they had done; for he had, for two years.; and his company at Calais. It was a handsome shlow to see the past, shown the most anxious desire for peace between England, state and array of the French and English commissioners, when they France, and all their allies. The two dukes promised compliance;c opened the conferences at Leulinghen, between Boulogne and Calais. but you must know, as I was well informed, the duke of Gloucester There were tents and pavilions erected for them to take refiresh- was more difficult to persuade than his brother, and he had been,; meats, or sleep in on occasion; and two or three days in the week purposely chosen his colleague, by those who preferred war to peace, the commissioners met, and were frequently nine hours discussing because they knew he would not assent to anything that was in the the preliminaries for a peace, in a large and handsome pavilion that least dishonorable to his country. The four dukes then separated in. had been pitched for their assembling in. a most firiendly manner, having been nine days in conferencee. The. It was told me (for I, John Froissart, the writer of this history, was iEnglish commissioners returned to Calais, and the French to Bou.. at Abbeville, that I might learn the truth of what was passing,) by logne, whence they set out fiat Abbeville. They found there the those who were well informed, that after the procurations from the king of France, who was amusing himself, hie having taken a liking, two kings had been verified as to the commissioners' powers of con. to the place. There is scarcely any city in France more pleasantly. cluding a peace, the French proposed that Calais should be so demol- situated; and within it is a handsome inclosed garden, partly sur ished, as that it could never again be made habitable. The dukes of rounded by the river Somme, in which the king spent much of his Lancaster and Gloucester instantly answered, that they needed not timae, and often supped there, teling his brother and council that the. have made this proposition, for that Calais should be the very last air of Abbeville had done his health great good. town the crown of England would part with; and that, if they in- At this time, Leon king of Armenia was with the king of France. tended this as a basis for treating, there was an end to the business, he was just come fi'om Greece and the frontiers of his own kingdom,, for they would not hear further on the subject. The dukes of Berry into which he dared not venture; for the Turks had conquered, and and Burgundy, perceiving their cousins of England so determined, kept possession of it as well as other places, in defiance of the world, dropped the matter, for they found it would -be in vain to press it, excepting the strong town of Conich,* situated on the sea-shore, and discoursed on other topics. The English, for a long time, de- which the Genoese had strongly garrisoned and guarded against the. mended restitution of everything that had been yielded to the late Turks; for, if they had possession of this place, they would grievously, king Edward, and, in addition to these territories, the balance of the harass by sea the Cypriotes, and other Christians of Rlhodes and', ransom that had been due when the war was renewed between Candia. The king of Armenia would gladlyhave seen a peace con-. France and England. This was resisted strenuously by the Frenchl eluded between France and England, that such knights and squires dukes, who argued themselves, and by their learned clerks, on the as wished for deeds of arms might travel to Greece, and assist:him.! unreasonableness of the demand. The two dukes and tle chancel- in the recovery of his kingdom..or of France replied with temper: "tthat with regard to the first de- The king received kindly his two uncles at Abbeville, sad maade. mend, that the whole of the territory that had been yielded to king them good cheer. He asked how the treaty was going on, and how. Edward should be restored, it was impossible; for the inhabitants they were themselves. They having related to him the trnue state of of the towns, castles, and lands, which had been assigned to England affaiils, and how all had passed, he was well contented, and testified by the treaty of Bretigny, and afterwards confirmed at Calais, in the his joy and wishes for peace. In like manner, the two English. year 1360, were too adverse to Such restoration; and the king of dukes, on their arrival at Calais, had written to theking:of England France, to whom they had voluntarily surrendered themselves, had, the demands and answers made to tlhem, which, being sealed, were, in consequence, accepted their homage, granted them protection, and forwarded to him. In reply to which, the king had desired they., such other privileges, on his royal word, as could not be broken; and would proceed it the treaty, for the war had lted long enough, to that, if they wished for peace, they must offer other prelimninaries." the ruin of the country, and the slaughter of chivalry, and the great, It was then resolved, between the four dukes, on whom it solely weakening of Christendom. "This might," he added, "have seriousa depended whether there shomld be peace or war, that each party consequences; for Bajazet with his Trlrks w.ere advancimlg toward l the kingdom of Hsungary, and were now: in XVkdtschia, as letters to. * In the Fisdera the commissioners are, the duke of Lancaster, the duke of Gloucester, Fracce and England had brought inmform tion.. Walter bisho, of Durhama, Thomas earl Marshal governmor of Calais, sir Thoamamu Percy, The time was now come for the retnn of the four dukes nd sir Lewis Clifford, Richard Rommhall, doctor of lmws. t t imagine this sust be a mistake, though the MSS. are the samer fr'ierre deGiac rs to the renewal of the conferences at Lestliughen. was chancellor after sir Miles des Dormans, and died 1407. Arn:amd rte t,,rbiesucceemled W ith the French lords came the king of'Armenia, to remonstrat~ him, and died 1l13. —H ENsULT. [Pierre de Giac dietl the l7th of Aug., 1b..57, and Araaud - do Corbie,cmeccded him in that year. and not in 1407. —Jln.1 Co., ejoniebh The 1b —5, hove Gourmals, 562 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. with the English on his distressing situation: he was well known who was king-at-arms in England, and wrote to the king by him th9 to the duke of Gloucester, when he had visited England during the whole detail of what had baen agreed on, and signed by both parties. threatened invasion from France, who had shown him many civili- The herald was rejoiced to receive these letters from the dukes, ana ties, and carried him to a beautiful castle he had in Essex called leaving the English tents, rode to Calais, where he hired a fishing. Pleshy. The dukes of Lancaster and Gloucester received him well, boat, and, by the grace of God, a favorable wind, and the exertions particularly the last, on account of former acquaintance. They pa- of the fishermen, was speedily landed at Dover. He then continued tiently listened t.o all his grievances, and replied so graciously that his journey until he came to London, where he found the king. On he was well contented with them. At these conferences many dif- his arrival, lie was introduced into the kin_'s chamber, because he erent proposals were made, and the cardinal de Luna,* in hopes of was come from Calais, where the king's uncles were negotiating a being heard by the commissioners, had made a long stay at Abbe- peace. He presented his letters; and the king, having perused them, ville, whither he had been sent as legate by pope Clement for the was so well pleased with their contents, and the good news he had affairs of the church. He was lodged at the convent of the Corde- brought, that he gave him very rich gifts, and a handsome annuity, hiers, on the river Somme. The French wanted to insert in their as the herald told me afterwards when riding through part of England. preliminaries some articles relative to the church and to the support of this Robert de Geneve, who styled himself pope: but when the English dukes observed this, they stepped forward with courage, HA TE L III. ~~~~~C3 CHAP T ER L VI II. saying to their cousins of France: "Take away this legate: we want not to hear his speeches: it has not been without fully weighing their TlE TREATY OF RACE Is NEARLY BROKEN OFF BY TOTE BONIFACE, Am merits that we have determined which of the popes to obey. W e BY THE RING OF FRANCE RELAPSING INTO HIS FORMER ILLNESS. desire, therefore, not to hear anything on this subject: and, should LET us return to the commissioners from France and Ehgland at he again come forward under your protection,'e will break up the Leulinghen. When they pleased they lived in tents, which were conference and return home." From this time, nothing more was prepared for them in great numbers and magnificence. The Eng. said of the cardinal, who remained quiet in Abbeville. The lords lish were very attentive to the verification of the different papers, that now pushed forward the treaty with such success that it was brought nothing obscure or doubtful might remain. They examined every to a happy conclusion, and to the satisfaction of all parties. paper, and had every expression made clear before they signed them. The four dukes saw their respective kings were anxious for peace, From an event that happened, the negotiations which had taken up more especially the king of France, who, when the duke of Lan- so much time were near being broken off. I will say what it was, caster had taken leave of himn at Amiens during the former confer- for in matters of' history everything should be detailed, that the truth ences, had said: "Fair cousin, I beg you to exert yourself that there may be more apparent. You have heard that the king of France may be a solid peace between my brother of England and me, that had made a long stay at Abbeville: lie took pleasure in the place, we may assist our cousin the king of Hungary against Bajazet, who but his stay was prolonged on account of the treaty that was going is so powerful in Turkey." The duke of Lancaster had promised forward at Leulinghen. the king to do his utmost; and indeed, it was through his remon- Just at the conclusion of the treaty, the dukes of Lancaster and strances with his nephew, king Richard, his brothers, and the parlia- Gloucester declared it was the intention of king Richard and the parment, that the conferences were renewed at Leulinghen, to establish liament, that pope Boniface, i o was acknowledged for the true pope a peace, if possible, to the honor of England. The duke of Glou- by the Romans, Germans, Hungarians, Lombards, Venetians, Eng. cester was much colder in the matter, and carefully noticed all the lish, and by all Christendom except France, should be received as contentious speeches of the French, saying, the French always such, and the person who styled himself pope Clement be degraded wished to fight with both hands. He made so strong an opposition, and condemned. This proposal, the two dukes said, they had been that the adverse party perceiving it, sent a squire of honor, and of specifically ordered to make by the three estates of England. When..the bedchamber and the council of the king of France, to the duke: the dukes of Berry and Burgundy heard this, to please their cousins ahis name was Robert l'Hermite; and this is what he said, for the of England, and to prevent the treaty from being interrupted, they,duke related to me the words at his castle of Fleshy. "My lord, for desi.red, in a friendly way, to have a little time to consider what they the love of God do not oppose a peace. You see how diligent our had proposed. It being granted, they consulted together; and the lords of France are in promoting it, and it will be charity in you to duke of Burgundy eloquently and prudently answered as follows, to join them, for the war has lasted too long; and, when kings wish soften the matter to the English dukes: "-It does not seem to.us any for peace, their relations and subjects ought to obey." "Robert, way proper that we should intermix with our negotiations the dispute Robert," replied the duke of Gloucester, "I wish not to prevent a between the two popes. My brother of Berry and myself are some. peace; but you Frenchmen use such specious words, beyond our what surprised how you could have proposed it, for at the beginning understanding, that, when you will, you may urge them as signifying of the conferences you objected to the presence of the cardinal de war or peace as you shall choose. In this manner has the business Luna, who is now at Abbeville as legate from the pope, and refused hitherto been conducted, dissembling always until you have gained to hear anything he had to say. We had before determined, that your end. If my lord the king had believed me, and ti'e majority of when the cardinals elected Urbanl for pope, and on his death Boni. those who are bound to serve him,. there never would have been face, the elections were null, for no one either firom your country or peace with France, until you had restored to us all you have taken ours was summoned to them; and the election of him who calls himthrough treacherous causes, as is known to God, and to all who will self Clement and resides at Avignon is, from the same cause, in the seardh into the business. But, since my lord inclines to peace, you like predicament. We do not deny that it would be great charity in are ia the right to press it forward: it is just that we should also ap- those who could attend to it, to appease and put an end to this schism.prove of it, and since peace is so much wished for are we here as- in the church. But, in regard to ourselves, we must refer the matter semblied: let it, however, be well kept on your side, as it shall be on to the university of Paris; and, when all our business here shall he oaurs." On saying this, the duke of Gloucester went away. Robert concluded by a solid peace, we will, in conjunction with the councn l'Hernmite, at the same time, took his leave, and returned to his coun- of our cousin the emperor of Germany, willingly attend to this matter, trymen. I will not protract the subject longer, but come to the con- as you may do on your side.":elusion, as the matter requires it. This reply of the duke of Burgundy was agreeable to the E,~g' The four dukes, having full power from their respective monarchs, lish dukes, for it seemed reasonable, and they answered, "You have,to conclude a truce or peace, continued their conferences with such well spoken: let the matter now rest, and be as you say." The success, that the report in Abbeville was current of a peace having negotiations were going on as well as before; but there fell out, just been made between France, England, and their allies. But I, the at the conclusion, a great hindrance, by the king of France relapsing author of this history, who at the time resided in Abbeville, to learn into the same frienzy by which he was afflicted in the preceding news, could never understand that a peace had been concluded: only year. He had remainaed at Abbeville until near midsumnier, at the the truce had been prolonged for four years, on sea and land, between abbey of Saint Peter, passing his time in a variety of amusements. al! the parties. It was imagined that before the expiration of this The first that noticed his relapse was a Norman knight, called sir term, all the territories and lordships in Langnedoc, that were to re-. William Martel, who was emnployed the most about the king's person. vert to the kings of England and their heirs for ever, would be sur- The dukes of Berry and Burgundy were at thetime at Leulinghen rendered to king Riehard, or to his commissioners. Inreturn for the or Boulogne, bringing the conference to a close, or at least finishing giving up so many towns, castles, and 4)rdships, which had been all that could be done this year. The moment the duke of Orleans agreed to by the commissioners for peace, the dukes of Lancaster peiceived the state of the king's health, he sent information to his and Gloucester engaged that their captains, of whatever nation they uncles by a favorite squire of his own, called Boniface, an agreeable might be, who held possession of different forts in France, that were man. The two dukes, on hearin, this unfortunate intelligence, set to revert to the king of France, should evacuate them, and cease out as speedily as they could; for they had already taken leave of from carrying on any war under the name and pretext of the king of their cousins of England, who were returned to Calais to wait for England or the English. All the articles of the truce were fairly information from the king of Navarre and the duke of Brittany. written out, signed and sealed by the different lords, and copies of It had been proposed at the conferences, that as the castle of Cherthem sent /o the two kings, before they parted, at Leulinghen. bourg in Normandy had been mortgaged to the king of England for The king of England was very impatient to hear of peace being sixty thousand nobles, who in consequence had possession, it should concluded, and his uncles, knowing this, determined to send him an be restored to the king of Navarre, on the king of France repaying express with the news: they called to them a herald, named Marche, the sixty thousand nobles; and in like manner was the c-astle of Brest *" Tthe cardiaal de Luna." an Arragonian, was anti-pope after the death of Clement, to be surrendered to the duke of Brittany. The dukes of Berry and wider the name of Beredict XIIH. See more of his turSutent life in Muratori. kc. Burgundy did not wait for the conclusion of these two articles, but CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 563 hastened to Abbeville, where, to their sorrow, they found the king in The duke of Brittany readily enough followed the opinion of the a very poor state of health. The king's disorder was kept secret as king of France; for he had been in former times so scandalized by long as possible, but in such cases it is very soon publicly known. the information the earl of Flanders, his cousin, had given him of tihe The court at Abbeville was shortly dispersed, and every one retired rebellion in the church, that he would never allow of Clement being to his home. Councils were holden as to the proper place the king the true pope, although his clergy paid him obedience and acknow should be conveyed to, and in respect to his management. The cas- ledged him. When any of the churches in France became vacant,,le of Creil was again fixed on for his residence, whither he was car- the king disposed of them to clergymen, without ever speaking of it ried in a litter. The weather was now so hot, that they rested the to pope Benedict, who, as well as his cardinals, was greatly surprised day and only travelled the night season: the king was attended to at such conduct, and began to fear thile king would deprive them of Creil by his brother and the du'ke of Berry. The duke of Burgundy the benefices they held in his realmn. They resolved, thelretfore, to went to Artois, and thence visited Flanders, having met his duchess send a well-instructed legate to France, to remonstrate with the king at the castle of Hadin. and council on the state of the church, and to learn their intentions, The lord de la Riviere and sir John le Mercier, seemed entirely and likewise to assure them that the pope they had elected was only forgotten: no one spoke of them, nor interfered in their delivery conditionally chosen, in case of his proving agreeable to the king, but from prison. This relapse of the king had, however, greatly excul- that otherwise they would dethrone him, and exalt another more to pated them for the accusations of having been the cause of his first his pleasure. illness, in the eyes of the public. The wisest in France had now About this period, the friar, whom I before mentioned to have been learnt, that from the weakness of his nerves he was naturally inclined sent by pope Boniface* to the king of France, but without the pomp to this disorder, which had been brought forward with greater force or state of a legate, arrived at Paris, with the consent of the king, from the excesses he had indulged in. It was much regretted by who listened to his arguments and sermons with pleasure. The those who wished his recovery, that master William de Harsely was legate from Avignon, a subtle and eloquent clerk, was heard also by no more, for his relatives knew not where to seek a prudent physi- the king and his court: those attached to the pope at Avignon took tian that was acquainted with hts disorder. It was, however, amatter good care to push him forward, and contrived that he should have of necessity to make the best use of such as they had. audiences often. It was the opinion of the council, but it was not without great diluculty the university of Paris subscribed to this opinion, that it would be a wise and prudent measure, if means could be CHIA ~P ~T ~E R L ti x - found to make the rival popes resign their dignities, as well as all the CHIA PT E R LI X., cardinals, and then select the most learned and prudent among the fAE DEATH OF POPE CLEMENT AT AVIGNON. TIHE ELECTION OF POPE BEN- clergy, from the empire of Germany, France, and other countries, EDICT. A LEARNED CLERIC, IN THE ARCHBISHOPRIC OF RHEIttS, SUP- who should form a general council, and then, without favor or affiecMPORTS THE RIGHT OF THE SEE OF AVrG.DNON, BY ItS SPEECHES AND tion to any party, restore tie church to its former unity, discipline, FREACIINGS. and stability. They declared they saw no other way of destroying IN the month of Setmeof this yaRobert do Geneve, whomacim;frt IN tfSeptember, o~ year, Rthe schism; for the hearts of different lords were so swollen with Ipride, each would support his own party. we have called pope in our history, died at his palace in Avignon.* It pride, each would support his own party. happened to him just as he had wished, that he might die pope. Hlie h id, which was proposed in the presence of the ng, and I. M ~~~he dukes of Orleans and Burgundy, in council, was approved of; died, indeed, with the hlionor and state I have mentioned; but whether the dues of Orleans and Buundy, in council, was approved of; te enjoyed these wrongfully or not, I shall not pretend to determine, and the ing, having aeed to it, said he would cheerfully wte on thasbjctt the king,o Geravny, Boheedtoia, Hunaihewudcerfly arite on for such matters do not belong to me. The cardinals at Avignon the suject to the kings of Germany, Boheia, Hungary and ngland; that lie thought he could depend on the kings of Castillo, were much surprised at this event, and resolved to form a conclave lad; that he thought he could depend on the ins of Castile, Navarre, Arragon, Sicily, Naples, an.d Scotland, obeying whatever in haste, and elect one from among themselves as his successor. Navrre, Arrgon, Sicily, aples, ad Scotland, ubeyin whatever The health of the kig of France ws again beginning to return, o pope he should acknowledge. In consequence of this proposition The |ealth of the king of Fr'anee was again beginning to return, To the-great joy of all who loved him, and his good queen, who had l the geat joy of all who loved him, and his good queen, who hd being adopted, the king of France sent off special messengers with been in great affliction. She was a valiant lady, whom God cor-letters to the kings above mentioned, but answers were not returned to them as soon as expected. Duringr this interval, that learned rooected and loved; she had made many processions, and given gret to them as soon as expected. ung this interval, that earned clerk, master John de Gigencourt, died at thle Sorbonne The king alms in hopes of his recovery, in several parts of France, but espe- r, master John d Giencourt, died at the orbonne The king ciatly in Par-is. of France, his court, and the university were very sorry for the loss, The college of cardinals at Avignon, as I was then informed as his equal was not at Paris, and he would have been of singular asevc hin refoawasngt ath church, and brngn aboutd hav uenio'sngua elected pope the cardinal legate de Luna. To say the truth, he was evice in reming the churchand bringig about a union. a devout man, and of a contemplative life; but they had chosn him At this time, there was at Avignon a clerk well skilled in science, subject to the approbation of the king of France and his council, oth- doctor of laws, and auditor of the palace: he was a native of the tn archbishopriccto of Rheis, and callditr John the palacne: he wasantieoth erwise they would not have been able to maintain their election, arch.bishopric of heims, and called sir John d Varennes. e was Consider, how much the church must have been degraded by this much advanced in the church for the services he had rendered pope scism, when tlose who ere, or ouht to have een fee thus sub- Clement and others, and was on the point of being a bishop or car. Scismte whemsle thoste wiho f wtere, wor ogthe sto ~ have bencre am- ub dital. He had also been chaplain to a cardinal, called, at Avignon, jected themselves to the will of others, whomi they should have com- o n ain o a o manded. Allheslemntiesrequredtthca Saint Peter of Luxembourg. This John de Varennes, beneficed and were paid to the cardinal de Luna, who took the name of Benediet.t werepai tothe ardnaldo Ltia wh too th nae ofBendic. ~advanced as lhe was, resigned all, retaining only, for his subsistence, lie offered a general pardon to all the clergy who should come to the canonry of our Lady at Rheims, which is worth, by residence, Avignon; and, by the advice of his cardinals, wrote letters to the one hundred francs; otherwise not more than thirty. He quitted kin of France, to announce his elevation to te papacy. I hard Avignon, returned to his native country, and fixed his abode at the that the king paid little attention to his letter; for he was not yet villae of int Lye, near Rleims, where he led a devout life, preach determined whether to acknowledge him for pope or no; and, to g the fith and wors of or Lord, and praisig the ppe ot have the best advice on the occasion, he summoned before him tle Avionon. He declared he was the true pope, condenning, hy his most learned and prudent clerks of the university of Paris. speeches, that of Rome. He was much attemded to, and followed Master John Gigencourt amd master Peter Playons,4 who were by the people, who came to see him from all countries, for the sober esteemed the most learned and acute in the university, told the king, and holy life he led, fasting daily, and for the fine serns he preached. land holy life he led, fasting daily, and for the fine sermons he preached. as did others, that the schism in the church corrupted the Christia So, however, said, that the cardinals at Avignon had sent i faith; that the church ought not longer to be kept in this state, for thitior to smiport their cause, and to exhibit the holiness of his life, whiche was devutppoughto thaei auenatitle ehimi toe hoisess to hife, that all Christendom suffered firom it, but more particularly church- which was devout enough to have entitled him to be raised to the men; and that it was unbecoming the university to send to pope Ben- papacy. Master John de Varemnes would not allow himself to be edict at Avignon, lists of those priests who had need of briefs. The called the holy man of Saint Lye, but simply the Auditor. He lived king, oml hearing their opinions, thought them reasonable, and con- with his mother, and every day said mass very devoutly. All that 0 M`3 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~was given him, for he asked for nothing, lie distributed in alms to tented that there should be a cessation of such lists as were usually was given him, for he aed for nothing, e distributed in alms to sent to the pope, until the disputes between the two popes were set. the glory of God. tled: things therefore remained in this state. The duke of Berry, We will now leave him, and speak of other matter. however, strenuously supported the new pope; and all the clergy dependent on him acknowledged him for the true one; and many of his people were provided with pardons fiom this Banedict. The C H A P T E R LX. duke and duchess of Burgundy, the duke of Orleans, with many THE KING OF ENGLAND IS ADVISED TO MAKE A JOURNEY TO IRELAND, AND other great lords of France, dissembled their real opinions on the sub- TO SETTLE ON THE DUIE OF LANCASTER, AND HIS HEIRS FOR EVER, TET jeet to the king. Some through favor ackinowledged Benedict, who DUCHY OF AqUITAIItE WITH ALL ITS DEPENDENCIES. was prodigal of his pardons, in order that the court of Avignon might T ahrive tho more, rrrE; ~~~~~~TtE tuces that had been agreed to between the ktings of Franco thrive the more. and England, and their allies, were well observed on sea and land. * He died on the 16th September, 1394. —Eo. There were, however, some pillagers still in Languedoc, who came t P1.ter of luna, born of an illustrious faemily of Spain, was elected Pope on the 28td fi-on foreign comntries, such as Gascony, B~arn, ard Gernany. Sir September. 1394. and took tme name of Benedict XIII. Before his election, he sub- John do Grailly, bastard-son ao the late captal do Buch, a young and scribedt in act by which am the cardinals promised on oath to use every effort for the reunion of tme church, and even to resign tmie poetilicate ifmneessary forthatpurpose. He, expert knight, was governor of the strong castle of Bouteville. You however, afterwards showed very little respecttomthis oath. —Em. may suppose that the captains of such forts as Lourde in Bigorre, on I In the Museum MS. it is Gignicourt and Pierre de Lyons: in mine, the first as D. aauvage, and tlo other Pierre de Pahons * Bonifiace IX. elected pope the 2nd Nov. 1383. —E. 564 (' F; ] i RO ON ICLES OF ENGLANI FRANCE, S PAIN, &c. mne vorders of Arragon, Bluteviile;,I the frontiers of Saintonge, near the illumination was so great on the day,t'i thOe ci o remltOny', that ]lothtin la Rochelle, and Mortaign, weie soreiy vexed they could no longer was ever seen like to it before, not at thile burial ot' the good queen overrun the country, and make their accustomed pillage from the Philippa nor of any other. The king would ho-ve it so, because neighboring towns. Tiley had been particularly forbidden to in- she was daughter to the king of Bohemia, emperor of' Rome and fringe the articles of the truce, under pain of being severely punished. of Germany. He was inconsolable for her loss, as they mutually At this period, an expeditionl against Ireland was proposed in the loved each other, having been married young. This queen left no English council; for in the truces king Richard had agreed to with issue, for she had never borne children. France and her allies, youlln as he was, he had reserved Ireland from Thus sn the same year were the king, the duke of Lancaster, and being included, as his predecessors had always clairmed it as their the earl of Derby made widowers. There was no talk of the king's right; and his grandfather, king Edward of happy memory had signed marrying again, for he would not hear of it. Although the expe. himself king and lord of Ireland, and had continued his wars ageinst the natives, notwithstandin- his pressure from other quarters. The young knights and squires of England, eager to signalize them. - - selves in arms, were rejoiced to learn? - that king Richard intended leading a large power of men-at-.arms and arch. ers into Ireland, and that he had de. cl:sred he would not return thence until he should have finally settled everything to his satisfaction. It was, at the sai-ne council, ordered, that the duke of - Lancaster, who in his time had labored hard, on sea and land, for the honor of b England, should make a journey to Aquitainle, with five hundred men-at-arms and one thousand archers. He was to emloark at Plymouthh or Southampton, as lie pleased, and sail for Guienne or Aquitaine. It was the intention of king Rich-. i l ard and his council, that the dulke of Lancaster should hold in perpetuity, for himsnelf and heirs the whole territory of i Aquitaine, with all its s6neschalships -- --- and domains, in such mantner as king Edward of Jnfl, and, his father, and the fonlmer duke of Aquitaine, had held... them, and which king Richard held at this moment, with the reserve of homage RICHARD II. os r VoYAGM To hIRImAND. Metrical Hlitory of Richard II. Harlelan MSS. to the kings of England. The dulke of Lancaster was to enjoy all other rights, lordsehips, and rents, which stipulation was confirmed by the king, ditions to Ireland and Aquitaine were delayed by the queen's deathF wholly and fully, under his seal. those lords who were named to go to Ireland did not fail continuing The dule of Lancaster was very thankful for this magnificent gift, their preparations; and, as their purveyances were ready, they sent as hlie had reason to be; for, in truth, the duchy of Aquitaine has them across the sea to Ireland firom Brisco* and Loighett in WVales; wherewithal to enable its lord to keep a grand state. The deed and the conductors were ordered to carry themi to a city on the coast iwvhieh was to establish this gift, having been properly engrossed, was of Ireland, called Dimelih,t which had always been steadily attached earef:.'.iy examined, and passed witdi great deliberation of council, in to England, and was an archbishoprice: the archbishop of which Pace the presence of the king, his uncles the dukes of York and Glouces- was with the king. ter, the earls of Salisbury, Andel, and D rby (son to the dule of Soon after Saint John Baptist's day, king Richard left London, Lancaster,) the earl marshal, the carl of Rosteilant,r the earls of North- and took the road for Waoles, amusing himself by hunting on the way, umnberland and NottingLhaN, sir Thomns Percy, the lords Despen- to forget the loss ofi his queen. Those ordered to attend him began cer and Beaumont, sir Wihli.am Arundci, the archbishops of Canter- their journey, such as his two unleks of York and Gloucester, with bury and York, the bishop of London, and of all those who were grand array, as did the other lords: the earlof Kent, half-brother to entitled to,: iresent, whether prelates or barons. The duke of the king, sir Thomas Holland, his son, the earl of Rutland, son to Lancaster thanked, in the first place, the king his nephew, then his the duke of York, the earl marshal, the earls of Salisbury and Arunbrothers, and the barons arid prelates of the council. After which del, sir William Arundel, the earl of Northumberland, sir Thomas lihe began to iake most sumptuous preparations for crossing the sea, Percy his brother, high steward of England, the earls of Devonshire and taheing possession of the duchy the king had invested him with. and Nottingham, with numbers of knights and squires. A considerPurveyors were likewise busy in preparing, on a large scale, for the able body remained at home to guard the borders of Scotland; for king's expedt:ion to Ireland; and those lords who were to accras- the Scots are a wicked race, and pay not any regard to truces or respany him were ordered to make preparations of whatever things they pites, but as it suits their own convenience. might think necessary. At the time the king of England undertook this expedition, he had not the company of his other half-brother, sir John Holland earl of Huntingdon, for he was on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem and Saint C H A P T E R L X I. Catherine of Mount Sinai, and was to return through Hungary. Hay. IE DEAT TiE LAD ANNE OF tfiA, QUEEN OF EGLND THE ing heard at Paris, ais hlie passed through France, where hlie had been DIUKE OF LANCASTER LANDS IN AQUITAINE, AND THE KING OF ENGLAND handsomely treated by the king anid his court, in raspect to the king ioN iREAND. rof England, that the kIing of Hungary and Amurat~ were to have a battle, he declared he would not fail being present. TuE king of England and the duke of Lancaster were daily occu- The duke of Lancaster and his array arrived at Plymouth, where pied in their preparations for leaving England, and had sent their transports waited to carry them across the sea. When his men and men and parveyances to the different ports they were to embark from; purveyances were all on board, they weighed anchor, and steered the one to Ireland and the other to Aquitaine; but their expedition with a favorable wind for Bordeaux. was delayed for about two months, by an event I will now relate. We will return to the king of England, who had with hinm full four At this period, the lady Anne, queen of England, fell sick, to the thousand men-at-arms and thirty thousand archers. They were shipgreat distress of the king and her household. Her disorderincreased pod at three different places, Bristol, Holyhead, and Herford,lI and so rapidly, that she departed this life on the feast of Whitsuntide, in passed over daily; but it was a month before the whole ar'mament the year of grace, 1394. The king, and all who loved her were and their horses landed in Ireland. On the other hand, there was in greatly afflicted at her death. S~he was buried in the cathedral Ireland a valiant English knight, called the earlof Ormond, who, like church of London;t but her obsequies were performed at leisure, his predecessors, held lands in that country, but they were disputed, for the king would have them magnificently done. Abundance of and he had made similar preoarations to his ancestors. wax was sent for from Flanders to make fiambeaux and torches, and The earl marshal had the command of the van, consisting of fifteen * eostellant. ti. Rutland. * "Brisco." Q. Bristol. t "Lolighet" ~, tlolyhead. "On the 7th of June, queen Anne died at Shene in Sirrey, and was buried at WVest: "Dimelin." QO. Dublin. h minster, The king took her death so heavily that, besides cursing the place where site ~ The person thus called was tIme sultan Bajazet I. who began his reign 1391. died. he did also tbr anger throw down the buildings. unto the which former kings. II Fromn what follows, I supposethis must mean Haverfierd-west, in Pembrokeshiras being weary of tie city, were wont fior pleasure to resort." —STow z's ChHIothNeLK it is cronounced Hanford CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN. &c 565 hundred lances and two thousand archers, who prudently and va!l- ancient knight who nad been of the bed-chamoer to kinlg Edward, iantly conducted teemselves. King Richard and his uncles em- and was in the same capacity to the present king, as well as of his barked at Haverford in Wales, many at Holyhead, and others at privy:ouncil, and could I have made myself kiiowan to him. The Bnstol, and the whole landed without any loss. As they disembarked, name of this knight was sir Richard Sturry. I asked if he were by orders from the constable and marslhals, they quartered themselves alive: they said he was, but not thren present, as he was at his resion the country, occupying a large uninhabited tract, of about thirty deue in London. I then determined to address myself to sir Thomas Engiieh miles, beside the city of Dublin. The army lodged them- Percy, high steward of England. I founld him gracious anrd of agreetltvcs prudently, for fear of the Irish: had they done otherwise, they able manners,and he offered to present me and my letters to the world have suffered for it. The king, his uncles, and prelates, were king. I was rejoiced at this promise; for it is necessary to have quartered in Dublin and near it; and I was told that, during the firiends to introduce one to so great a prince as the king of England. whole campaign, they were well supplied with all sorts of provision; He went to the king's apartments to see if it were a proper time, but for the English are expert in war, and know how to forage and take found the king had retired to repose: hie therefore bade me return proper care of themselves and horses. I will relate the history of to my inn. When I thought the king might be risen, I went again this campaign of king Richard, and what befel him according to the to the palace of the archbishop, where he lodged; but sir Thomas information I received. Percy and his peop!e were preparing to set out for Ospringe, whence he had come that morning. I asked sir Thomas's advice how to act: C H A P'T E R LXII " For the present," he said, "do niot make further attempts to ar. nounce your arrival, but follow the king; and I will take care, when SIR JOHN FRoISSART AERRiVr. IN ENTG.LAFD, AND IS PRESENTED TO'INF ~~ ON ~OSSR RRVSINETLAVPN sPnSNED T~ n he comms to his palace in this country, which he will do in two days, RICHARD BY THE. DUKE oF YORKi, UNCLE TO Tn~. KING~..cuty RICHARD Y Tl DUKE OF YO NCLE TO TiE KING that you shall be well lodged as long as the court tarries there." IN truth, I, sir John Froissart, treasurer and canon of Chimay, in The king was going to a beautiful parace in the county of Kent, the county of Hainault, and diocese of Liege, had, during my stay at called Leeds castle, and I followed sir Thomas Percy's advice by Abbeville, a great desire to go and see the kingdom of England: taking the road to Ospringe. I lodged at ani inn where I found a more especially since a truce had beer concluded, for four years, on gallant knight of the king's chamber, but he had that morning staid sea and land, between France, England, and their allies. Several behind oni account of a slight pain in his head that had seized him reasons urged me to make this journey; but principally, because in the preceding night. This knight, whose name was sir William de my youth I had been educated at the court of king Edward, of happy Lisle, seeing I was a foreigner and a Frenchman, (for all who speak memory, and that good lady Philippe, his queen, with their children, the language of Oil* are by the English considered as Frenchmen, and others of the barons of those times, and was treated by thern with whatever country they may come from,) made acquaintance with me, all honor, courtesy, and liberality. I was anxioas, therefore, to visit and I with him, for the English are courteous to strangers. He asked that country, for it ran in miy imagination, that if I once saw it, I lly situation and business in England, which I related to him at lengre, should yive the longer; for twenty-seven years p':st I had interntions as well as what sir Thomas Percy had advised me to do. He replied, of going thither, and if I should niot meet with the lords whom I had that I could not have better advice, for that the king would on Friday left there, I should at least see their heirs, who wouild likewise be of be at Leeds castle, and would find there his uncle the duke of York. great service to me in the verification of thie many histories I have I was well pleased to hear this, for I had letters to the duke, and, related of tlhem. when young, was known to him while in tihe household of the late I mentioned my purpose to iny very dear patrons, the lord durke king and queen. Albert of Bavaria, count of ainault, Holldand, and Zealand, and lord I courted the acquaintance of sir Williamr de Lisle, as a means of of Frizeland; to the lord William his son, styled count d'Ostrevant; gaining greater intimacy with the king's household. On the Friday, to my dear and much honored lady Jimn, duchess of Brabant and we rode out together, and on the road I asked if he hadaccompanied Luxembourg; and to nry very much respected lord Enguerrannd, lord i the king on his expedition to Ireland. He said Ire had. I then asked of Couc); as well as to that gallant knight, the lord de Gomegines. if there were any foundation in truth for what was said of St. Patrick's We had both, duriing ouir youth, arrived together at the English court, hole.* He replied there was; and that he and another knight, du. where I saw also the lord de Coucy, and all the nobles of France, ring the king's stay at Dublin, had been there. They entered it at who were hostages for the redemption of king John of France, which sunset, remained there the whole night, and came out at sunrise the has been before related in this history. The three lords above men- next morning. I requested he would tell me whether he saw all the tioned, as well as the lord de Goimegines, and madam ie de Brabant, marvellous things which are said to be seen there. Ie made me the on my telling themrn my intentions, encouriaged me to persevere, and following answer: " When I and my companion had passed the enthey all gave me letters of introduction to the Iking and his uncles, with trance of the cave called the Purgatory of Saint Patrick, we descended the reserve of the lord de Coucy, who, firom being now so much attach- three or four steps (for you go down into it lilke a cellar,) but found ed to France, could only write to hiis daughter, the duchless of Ireland. our heads so much affected by the heat, we seated ourselves on the I had taken care to form a collection of all the poetry on love and steps, which are of stone, and such a drowsiness canme on, that we morality that I had cormposed during the last twenty-four years, which slept there the whole night." I asked, if; when asleep, they knew I had caused to be fairly written aud illuminated. I was also incited where they were, and what visions they had. He said, they had to go to England and see king Richard, son to the noble and valiant prince of Wales and Aquitaine, whom I ihad not seen since the time * La angue d'Oil, was the langnage spoken in tihe north of France, in contra-disof his christening in the cathedral church of Bordeaux. I was then tinction to the Langue d'Oe, the dialect of the south, whence the name of thre province present, and had intentions of accompanying the prince of Wales in Laniuedoc. Oft and Ocare nnn both superseded by tins erdi' Oci-Ho. C, ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Languedoc. Oil and Oc,.are now both superseded by the roiodertl "Oui." —ED. hisexetioand tod pntentios ofbut henwecaineto the cityc of Dalste * "Nothing has rendered this county (Donegal,) so fitnmous as the cave discovered by his expedition to Spain; but, when we came to the city of Dax, the the patron saint ofIreland, or his namersake, abbot of Nevers, about fiour hlundred years prince sent me back ta the queen his mother in England. I was after, in which the holy mnonk obtained a constant exhibition of the torments of the desirous, therefore, to pay my respects to the king of England and wicked, fortihe edification of the Irish. But thast it could not be Saint Patrick who first his uncles, ard 1uid provided myself with my hook of poesy finely invented in, is plain from hisuilence about it in his book'de tribus habitacults,' heaven, orannamented, bjund iii velvet, rnd decorated with silver-gilt clasps earth, and hell. Henry or Hugh, monk of Saltrey, in tuntingdonshire, was the first who wrote about it, and what one Owen or Tyndal, a soldier, had seen there. It was and studs, as a present for the king. Having this intention, I spared about sixteen feet and a half long, by two laet one inch wide, built offireestone, covered no pains; and tihe cost and labor seem trifling to people, whenever with broad flags, and green iturf laid over tlherm, and was so low and narrow thait a tall they undertake anything willingly. man could lihardly sit, mnch iless stand iiin it. In thie sidewas a window just wide einough to admit a fint ray of light: in thie tloor a cavity ciapable of containing a man at iris Having provided myself with horses, I crossed fiom Calais to Dover length; and, under a large stone at the end of thie pavement, a deep pit, which had on the 12th day of July; but found no one there whom I had been opened at the prayers orthe saint. The bottom of the cave was originally much below acquainted with in my former journeys: the inns were all kept by the surface of tie ground. It stood on the east side of the church, in the clhurch-yard, new people, and the children of iy former acquaintance were be. enrompassed with a wall, arid surrounded by circles or cells, called the beds, scarcely come mn id women. I staid half a day and night to refresh my- three ifeet high, denominated from several saints. The penitents who visited this island, csme men and women. i staid half a day and night to refriesh my- afterfisting on bread and water for nine days, and making processions roundl these holy self and horses; and on Wednesday, by nine o'clock, arrived at stations thrice a-day barefoot, for the firstseven days, and six times on the eighth, washCanterbury to visit the shrine to St. Thornas and the tomb of the ing their weary limbs each night in the adjoining lake, on the ninth enter the cave. o pice of Vales, who had bee buried there with reat pomp. Hr they observe a twenty-tbur hours' fast, tasting only a little water, and, upon quitI heard high nass, made my offering at the shrine, and returned to ing it, bathe nn thi lake, ard so conclude the solemnity. Tihe original preparatory mast, inn to d~inner wen h dteinwatcoehefoown as we learn from lMatthew Paris, was fifteen days, and as long after quitting the cave my inn to dinner, when I heard the king was to come the following utof hich all who entered did not return. day in pilgrimage to St Thomas of Becket. He was lately returned "Leave being first obtained of the bishop of the diocese, the prior represented to thie pentens al te hrros nd difficulty of' thle undertaking, suggesting to them at the from I':land, where he mad remained for nine nonths, or thereabouts, penitents all tie horrors and difficulny of tie undertairing, suggesting to them at the and was anxious to pay Iis devotions in this church, on account of same time aneasier penance. If they persevered in their resolution, they were conducted to hie, door winthi a procession from the convent, and, after trenty-fiur hours' confinetile holy body of the saint, and because liis father was there buried. ment let out the next moning with the likte cerermon. In tis recess, enligitened only I thought, theref;ore, it would be well to wait his arrival which I did; by a kind of twilight, whichi discovered a field and hall. Owen was first visited byfifteen and, on the morrow, the king cne in great state, acconpanied by persons clothed in write, like retious, newly shorn, who encouraged him against tine horrid scenes ttmt were next to prese~nt themselves to his view. They were succeeded lords and ladies, with whom I mixed; but they were all new faces ho next to presen t lvto liii vicsv Tine wee succee to me, for I did riot rnireinber one of themby tromops of demons, wviro began with laiyirng Ihir oun a buriirni pile, whicih he seem ex to me, for I did prot rehemb er one of s timeuE. tinenished, by pronouncing the name of Christ. They then dagged ruin through ths T'imes and persons had g'rea:tly changed since: I: was last in Eng- sesveral scenes of torment, where the wicked sunffered all the variety of tnrtures of ancient larnd, efigiut-rnd-twenty years past.'I'hie kin hind not either of ris Tartarmnus; and, standing proof against all these horrors, he was favoreri wtith a frtil view uncles with him: the duke of Lancaster was iii Aquitaine, amd tl~e:lad d e scrid t ion ofel'radise, by two ventrnhle prelates, who refused to let mim nstay there duikes of Yj~orkr arid G~loucesser in other parts. I ws~as at first elmnime~ I lie met with toe same demons and monks as he weat out oof the cave, after which he I asiirseviit th e holy sepulchre, anai, it his returnu, tarkinng uion hini tire Ilrahit, assisted inn astonished, and should have been comforted could I have seen arm founding Besmagoveisth Abbey." —G ouoH's.&!diltiOt to Crramde., p. 641. vol. 3. 566 e nCHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c many very strange dreams, and they seemed, as they imagined, to honor to the king, to whom they owed service and obedience. They see more than they would have done if they had been in their beds. desired time to consider of their answer, which being granted, they This they both were assured of. "When morning came, and we replied, that the duke of Lancaster, as son to king Edward of happy were awake. thle door of the cave was opened, for so we had ordered memory, who had been their lord, was welcome, but not in any other it, and we came out, but instantly lost all recollection of everything capacity, as they had not yet sufficiently weighed the matter to dewe had seen, and looked on the whole as a phantom." I did not termine on receiving him as their lord; for their sovereign, king push the conversation further, although I should have much liked to Richard, to whom they had sworn fealty, had not acquitted them of have heard what he would say of Ireland; but other knights overtook their obedience. The duke's commissioners replied, that as to this, us, atd conversed with him; and thus we rode to Leeds castle, where the duke would take upon himself to satisfy them they should never the king and his court arrived shortly after. The duke of York was have any trouble from his nephew the king of England. When already there; and I made myself known to him, by presenting him those of Bordeaux saw themselves thus hardly pressed, they made letters from his cousins, the count of Hainault and the count d'Ostre. another excuse by saying: "Gentlemnen, the grant we perceive in vant. The duke recollected me, and made me a hearty welcome, eludes notonly us but the cities of Bayonne and Dax, and the pre saying, " Sir John, keep with us and our people; for we will show lates and barons of Gascony who are under the obedience of the you every courtesy and attention: we are bounden so to do, from king of England. Go to them, and as they shall regulate we will do remembrance of past times, and affection to the memory of our lady- the same." The commissioners, not being able to get any other mother, to whom you were attached. We have not forgotten these answer, left Bordeaux, and returned to the duke of Lancaster at timnes." I warmly thanked him, as was just, for his kind speech, and Libourne. When the duke heard the above answer, he became very was well noticed by him, sir Thomas Percy, and sir William de Lisle, thoughtful, and foresaw that the business he was come upon would who carried me to the king's chamber, where I was introduced to not be so soon settled as he had at first imagined, or had been made him by his uncle, the duke of York. to understand. He sent, however, his commissioners to Bayonne The king received me graciously and kindly; he took all the letters who were received by the Bayonnois in just the same manner as they I presented to him, and having read them attentively, said I was wel- had been received at Bordeaux, nor could they obtain a different come, and that since I had belonged to the household of the late king answer. and queen, his grandfather and grandmother, I must consider myself At length, the prelates, barons, and deputies from all the towns of still as of the royal household of England. This day I did not offer Cascony under the obedience of England, assembled, and, having him the bok I had brought; for sir Thomas Percy told me it was debated the justice of the king of England's grant to the duke of not a fit opportunity, as he was much occupied with serious business. Lancaster, came to the following conclusion. They were very wil. The council was deeply engaged on two subjects; first, in respect to ling to receive in their castles, cities and towns, the duke of Lancas. the negotiation with France, to treat of a marriage between the king ter, as son to the noble king Edward of happy memory, and as unclb and thle lady Isabella, eldest daughter to the king of France, who at to king Richard of England; but on condition he would solemnly that time was about eight years old. The embassadors appointed to swear, that himself and people would peaceably demean themselves make this proposal to France, were the earl of Rutland, cousin.ger- during their stay, and they would not take anything by force, but man to the king, the earl marshal, the archbishop of Dublin, the pay ready money for whatever they might want; nor should he, the bishop of Lye, the lord Clifford, lord Beaumont, lord Hugh Spencer, duke of Lancaster, extend the powers of the crown to oppress any and several others.5 one, nor do so by other means. T'he duke replied, that he was not Secondly, the lord de la Barde, the lord de la Taride, the lord de come to hurt or oppress the people, but, on the contrary, to guard Pinterne, the lord de Chateauneauf, the lords de Levesque and de and defend them as his own inheritance, and entreated that the will Copane, the chief magistrate of Bordeaux, Bayonne, and Dax, were of the king of England should be complied with. But the country, come to England, and greatly persecuted the king, since his return with one voice, declared they would not be disjoined from the crown from Irelad, for an answer to their petitions and remonstrances on of England, and that it was not in the power of the king of England the gift toe king had made his uncle, the duke of Lancaster, of all to turn them over to another. This matter was disputed for a long Aquitaine, with its lordships, baronies, and dependencies, which had time between the duke of Lancaster, and the Gaseous; and when he ppertained to the king and crown of England. The above.men- saw he could not prevail on them to receive him as their lord, he retioned lords and principal cities and towns in Aquitaine, maintained quested they would send sufficiently-authorized persons to the king that such a gift could not be made, and that it was null; for that the of England, as he would do on his part, and whatever the parliament whole of Aquitaine was a fief depending solely on the crown of Eng- of England should determine, whether in his favor or not, he would land, and that they would never consent thus to be disjoined from abide by. The Gascons, thinking this a very reasonable proposal from it. They had niadei several reasonable propositions for an accommo- the duke, agreed to it; and he then came with his attendants to reside dation, which I will relate in proper time and place. In order that among them, at his former lodgings in the abbey of Saint Andrew. these matters might be more fully considered, and indeed they re- The prelates and barons of Gascony as well as the cities of Bayonne quired it, the kIing had summoned the principal barons and prelates and Dax, selected proper commissioners to send to England. of the realm to meet him oni Magdalen-day, at his palace of Eltham, When the king of France, his uncles, and ministers, heard for cer. seven miles from iondon, and the same distance from Dartford. tain, that the duke of Lancaster had been peaceably received in On the fourth day after the king's arrival, when I learnt that he, his Bordeaux, and that hlie had there fixed his residence, they knew not council, and the duke of York, were about to quit Leeds castle and what to think of it, nor whether he would adhere to the truces that go to Rochester, in their way to Eltham, I set out in their company. had been made between France and England. This gave them so much uneasiness, that they resolved to send embassadors t5 the duke of Lancaster to learn his intentions. The lord de Boucicaut, marshal CHAPTEBR LXIII. of France, sir John de Chateaumorant and sir John Barrois des Barres, were chosen for this purpose, and they were to have under their com. tHE INFORMATION FROISSART GAINS IN ENGLAND, TOUCHING THE OPPOSi- mand one thousand well appointed men-at-arms. They left Paris, TION OF THE INHABITANTS OF AQUITAINE TO THE GIFT THE KING OF and continued their march to Agen, where they quartered themselves ENGLAND HAD MADE OF IT TO THE DUEKE OF LANCASTER. THE COMMIS- as well as in the surrounding country: they then sent heralds and SIONERS SENT TO REMONSTRATE ON THE MATTER WITH THE RING, CAN- messengers to the duke of Lancaster, in the city of Bordeaux, to NOT OBTAIN A DECISIVE ANSWER RELATIVE THERETO. notify their wishes to speak with him. The duke made the mnessenON the road to Rochester, I asked sir William de Lis!e and sir gers good cheer, heard what they had to say, and wroteback to their John de Grailly, governor of Bouteville, the cause of the king's jour- lords, that since they were desirous to speak with him, he was anx ney to London, and why the parliament was to be assembled at ious to meet them; and, in order to give them less trouble, would go Eltham. They both answered me satisfactorily; but sir John Grailly to Bergerac, where they would confer together. The messengers, particularly informed me why the lords of Gascony, and the deputies On their return to Agen, gave the letters from the dtke of Lancaster, from the chief towns were come to England. He was so well ac- which satisfied them as to their safety, and they made preparations quainted with them, being as it were firom the same country and fel- accordingly. As soon as they heard of the duke's arrival at Berge. low subjects to England, that they hid nothing.from him. He said: rac, they left the city of Agen, and marched thither, where they found "That when the duke of Lancaster came last to Aquitaine, he was the gates open to receive them. The lords entered the town, and provided with deeds sealed with the great seal of England, which went to the hotels which had been prepared for them; but their men had been regularly agreed to in parliament and signed by the dukes lodged themselves in the suburbs and adjacent villages. The three of York and Gloucester, to whom Aquitaine might possibly revert, lords waited on the duke of Lancaster, who kindly received them, as by succession, to king Richard of England, who had no children, and he knew well how to do; and in reply to what they urged, he said, these two dulkes were brothers-german, by father and mother, to the " that he wished always to be a good neighbor, and on friendly terms duke of Lancaster. The duke of Lancaster sent part of his council with the king and realm of France, and to adhere to every article of to Bordeaux, to inform the mayor and magistrates of his coming and the truces that had been lately made between France, Emgland, and the cause of it. They were greatly surprised on hearing it; but, not- their allies. He had been very active in forming these truces, and withstanding, they well feasted the commissioners he had sent, in of course would be unwilling any way to infringe them; and of this they might be perfectly assured." * See the Faedera for full particulars. The embassadors were tire archbishop ofDublin, The answer of the duke was highly gratifying to the French!ords, 1.t biuieop of Sain t)avid's, the earl ofiutland, the earl marshal and sir W illiam Scrope. who remained with him on the most friendly terms. He en:ertained They were to propose also a marriage, between the earl of Rutland and the youngest them grandly at dinner and supper in the castle of Bergerac, after d1uatle.: of the kinmg of France. Time inetructiois to these embaisadors are dated which they sepratdl ar a ver icable man the du Beretrned intu. 8thm dal of July 139i" which they separated in a very amicable manner. The duke returned CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRAN3E, SPAIN, &c. 567 to Bordeaux, and the French lords toward Paris; but in their way years since we had seen each other; the last time was at Colleberge, they met the duke of Berry in Poitiers, to whom they related all they at Brussels, in the h6tel of duke Winceslaus and the duchess Jane of had done, and thile duke of Lancaster's answer. The duke of Berry Brabant. Sir Richard Starry seemed very glad to see me, and made thought it. satisfactory and reasonable, as did the king of France and me a hearty welcome. He asked me many questions, which I an. the duke of Burgundy, when the three lords reported it to them, on swered as well as I could. While we were walking near the king's their aerival at Paris. Things remained on this assurance quiet. apartment at Eltham, I inquired if he could inform me what had been "4What after happened I have told you," added sir John de Grailly; the determination of the parliament: having mused awhile, he said "for the duke of Lancaster sent hither some of the principal of his he would tell me, for it was not worth while to conceal what must council, such as sir William de la Perriere, sir Peter Cliqueton, and shortly be made public..wo doctors of laws, master John Huche and master John Richards " You know," continued the knight," or have heard, that the duke de Lincestre, to plead his cause before the king, his uncles and coun. of Lancaster left England for Aquitaine, on receiving the magnificent cil.l It is for this reason the king is now going to Eltham; for as gift the king our lord made him. The king loves all who pretend Thursday next is Magdalen-day, the parliament will meet there. friendship for him, but particularly the duke of Lancaster; and out What decision they will come to, I cannot say; but this I know, that of gratitude, which he strongly feels, for the great services the duke has the duke of Gloucester will be present, and be violent in his support done the crown, as well on this as on the other side of the sea, the king of the duke of Lancaster's claims; for I have heard from some of has given to him and his heirs for ever the whole of the duchy of Aqulthe English who ought to know, that he would cheerfully see his taine, with all its dependencies, excepting the homage, which is tho brother firmly established in Guyenne, and never to return to Eng- sole thing he has reserved for the crown of England in times to come. land, for he finds him his superior, and for this reason is desirous he This gift has gone through every legal form, with the approbation and should gain the duchy of Aquitaine. The duke of Gloucester has a consent of his other uncles and the English parliament. The kinghad good head, but is proud, and wonderfully overbearing in his man- specially commanded all his subjects within the boundaries of Aqui. ners. Let him say or act as he pleases, he is always popular with taine, to obey punctually his well-beloved uncle the duke of Lancas. the commonalty, for they are mutually attached to each other. He ter, as their sovereign lord, and to pay him homage and service, in was the cause of the execution of that valiant knight sir Simon Bur- the usual manner as they have done to their lords in former times. ley. He it was, likewise, who caused the banishment of the duke Should any prove rebellious to these orders, the king gives the duke of Ireland, the archbishop of York, and other knights of the king's of Lancaster full powers to punish such within three days after their council, who were either put to death on very slight grounds, or disobedience, without any expectation of support from him. It has forced into foreign countries, during the time the duke of Lancaster, happened, however, that notwithstanding these strict orders of the who is more feared than loved in this country, was in Castille. k~,g, the barons, knights, gentlemen, cities and towns of Gascony, "Let us for the present," said sir John de Grailly, "quit this mat- under the obedience of England, have united together in apposition ter, and speak of the second object that occupies the council. It to the duke of Lancaster, and refuse to obey him, declaring and seems to me, from what I have seen and heard, that the king of Eng- maintaining that the gift the king made his uncl6 the duke of' Lan. land wishes to marry again, and has had researches made every- caster is null and void. The duke, who is desirous of acting in this where, but in vain, for a suitable lady. If the duke of Burgundy or business by fair means, has listened to their reasonings on the subcount of Haniault had daughters of a proper age, he would not be ject, and advised, to prevent further mischief, that they should send averse to either; but they have none that are not already betrothed. hither properly-instructed persons to lay their complaints before the He has been told that the king of Navarre has sisters and daughters, king, and declare their reasons for having opposed his orders. but he will not hear of them. The duke of Gloucester has likewise "They have certainly, this day, very ably explained the cause of a grown up girl and marriageable, and he would be well pleased if refusing their obedience to the duke of Lancaster, and have given his nephew would choose her,; but the king says, she is too nearly the king and his council enough tu think upon. They will probably related, being his cousin-german. King Richard's thoughts are so succeed in their mission, and I will tell you my reasons for so think. bent on the eldest daughter of the king of France, he will not hear ing; but you will keep them secret, until the matter shall become of any other: it causes great wonder in this country that he should more public." I replied, that he might depend on my doing it. He be so eager to marry the daughter of his adversary, and he is not the then continued: "I believe it was the official of Bordeaux, who, for better beloved for it. This he seems indifferent to, and plainly shows his learning, was their spokesman; he began by showing their prothat henceforward he will prefer war with any other country rather curations from the different towns, that greater faith might be given than with France. It was known from experience how anxious hlie to what he should say. He then declared, that'the cities of Bor. was that a stable peace should be established between the two coun- deax, Bayonne, Dax, and all the lordships dependent on them, or tries; for he said the wars had lasted too long between him and his within their limits and jurisdictions, are of such noble condition, that predecessors with France, and that too many valiant men have been no king of England, by any act of his, can disjoin them from the slain on both sides, to the great weakening of the defenders of the Chris- domain of the crown of England, nor alienate or dispose of them to tian faith. To put this idea out of the king's mind, for it is no way any child, uncle or brother he may have, nor by any way of marrniago. agreeable to the people of England, that he should connect himself settlement nor otherwise. The above-named towns have received, by nlarriage with France, they have told him the lady was by far from different kings of England, certain privileges, which their suotoo young, and that for five or six years to conice she would not be of cessors have sworn to maintain without any infringement; and the a proper age fbr a wife. He replied by saying, that every day she moment a king of England comes into possession of the crown of would increase in age. In addition to this, he gave pleasantly his England and its dependencies, he swears on the missal in his hand, reasons for his prefernng her: that since she was young, he should to preserve inviolate all their privileges, which you, dear sire, have educate her, and bring her up to his own mind, and to the manners also done, as these papers will prove.' He then produced charters, of the English; and that for himself, he was young enough to wait fairly engrossed and sealed with the great seal of England, which until she should be of' proper age for his wife. Nothing can make king Richard, who was then present, had given them, and read the him change his resolution, and before you leave this country, you whole, clause by clause. The contents of the charters were well may perhaps witness many strainge things. It is for this and the understood, for they were in Latin and French; and at the end ho other business I mentioned that he is journeying toward London." named several great barons and prelates, to the number of eleven. With such conversation did sir John de Grailly entertain me while who had been nominated as sureties. travelling between Rochester and Dartford. He was the bastard-son " When the papers were read, each lord looked at his neighbor and of that gallant knight thie captal de Buch. I eagerly listened to all to the king, but not one said a word in reply. The official, having he said, and treasured his words in my memory; for I rode chiefly finished reading his deeds, thus spoke, addressing himself to the king:. in his company, and sir William de Lisle, the whole way from Leeds' Most beloved and renowned sovereign, and you, my dear lords, all. castle to Eltham. what you have just heard, amrn I charged by the deputies of the prinThe king arrived at Eltham on a Tuesday. On the Wednesday, cipal towns and inhabitants of Gascony to lay before you, and to the lords came firom all parts. There was the duke of Gloucester, maintain their dependence solely on the crown of England, as tho. the earls of Derby, Arundel, Northumberland, Kent, Rutland, the charters that have been shown plainly declare. Should the country eatrl marshal, the archbishops of Canterbury and of York, the bishops be'nclined to receive the duke of Lancaster for its lord, and be freed of London and Winchester: in short, all who had been summoned fri:r the service and homage it owes you, the loss would be very arrived at Eltham on the Thursday, by eight o'clock in the morning. great.:o England; for if, at this moment, the duke is attached to the. The parlament was holden in the king's apartment, in the presence king, and attentive to preserve the privileges of the crown of Eng.of the king, his uncles, and council. The knights from Gascony land, that love and affection will, in course of time, be much weak — and the deputies from the cities and towins, as well as those sent by ened by his successive heirs, and by intermarriages that may take the duke of Lancaster, were present, place: it is necessary that marriages should be concluded between I cannot say what pssed at this parliament, for I was not admitted, great princes, fbr the more effectually preserving the love of their. nor were any but the members of it. It sat for upward of four hours. subjects. Now it may happen, in times to come, that the heirs of the. When it was over, I renewed my acquaintance after dinner with an duke of' Lancaster shall unite themselves by marriage with the daugh — ancient knight whom in my youth I well knew, when he was of the ters of the kings of France, the dukes of Berry, Brittany, the co':nts~ the chamber of king Edward. He was one of the principal advisers of Foix or of Armagnac, the kings of Navarre, the dukes of Anjou. of king Richard, and deserving of it: his name was sir Richard Sturry. He immediately recollected me, though it was twenty-four * "Colteberge." I do not understand this passage, fur the town of Cotberg is in tbsm. duchy of Pomerania. It never could have been there they met. There is a full stop ati t lolliugshed calls them sir W'illiam Perreer, sir Peter Clifton, ma.ter John ttaich, and the end of Colleberg in the printed and MS. copies. The MSS. say fourteen years ianls ad Ram~ster John Richards, a canon of Leicester. of twenty-four. 568 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN. &c. — _:-.- -------—. —-— ~or of Maine, and form alliances with their connections on tile other four thousand nobles a year; and he would not exert himself in any side of the sea, claiming the whe!e sovereignty of Guienne, and ruin- way to serve his king or country, if he were not well paid for it, ing the country, by putting it in opposition to England. The king of Hle was violently adverse to those of Aquitaine in this business, and England would probably, in such a case, have great difficulty in did everything in his power that the duke of Lancaster might no: recovering the rights due to the crown. Condescend, therefore, most return to England, for then he would have everything his own way. noble king, and you, my dear lords, to consider well all the reasons To show that he governed the king Pnd was the greatest in the I have laid before you; for the whole country is unanimous and deter- council, as soon as he had delivered his opinion and saw that many mined to remain under the obedience of our much redoubted lord were murmuring at it, and that the prelates and lords were discus. and king, and in dependence on the crown of England.' The ofi. sing it in small parties, he quitted the king's chamber, followed by cial here ended his speech; and the prelates and lords, looking to each the earl of Derby, and entered the hall at Eltham, where he ordered o'.:.er, approached the king, conducted by his two uncles and the earls' a table to be spread, and they both sat down to dinner while the df Derby and Arundel. others were debating the business. When the duke of York heard "It was then suggested to those who had come from Aquitaine, to they were at dinner, he joined them. After their dinner, which took leave the chamber until called for, which they did, with the two no long time, the duke of Gloucester, dissembling his thoughts, took knights who had been sent by the duke of Lancaster. This being leave of the king as he was seated at table, mounted his horse, and done, the king demanded from the prelates and barons what answer returned to London. The earl of Derby remained that and the en. should be made. The prelates referred the answer to the two uncles suing day, with the king and the lords, but those from Aquitaine of the king, because the matter more nearly affected them. At first, could not procure any answer to their petitions. they excused themselves, saying, it was a public concern, and should be deliberated on in common, and not treated as any matter of favor. The business thus remained f'or some time; but the duke of Gloucester being desired to give his opinion, he said, it would be a strong C H A P T E R L X I V. measure to take from the king a gift that he had made with the FROSSART PSETS iS O LOVE OES TO IN ICHAD OF EN 0 ~~~~~~~~~~FRO!SSART P:RE~SENTS HIIS BOONC OF, LOVE I'0EMS TO KINP. R'ICHtARD OF EN(O. unanimous consent of his council, and that had been invested with LAND. HE RELATES WAT HE HD RD OF T ST EXPEDITIO LAND. HE RELATES WZHAT RE HAD HtEARD 0F Tile LAST EXPEDiTION every legal form, because his subjects were rebellious; that the king OF THE ENLS T RLN. r, oF T1HE ENGLISH TO iRELAND. was not lord of his inheritance if he could not dispose of it as he pleased. Some commented on this speech, while others had the I HAVE taken much pleasmure in detailing everything relative to the courage to say the answer was not reasonable, though they dared not dispute with Gascony and Aquitaine, that the truth of my history minay contradict it; for the duke of Gloucester was much feared. The be apparent; and because I, the author of it, could not be present in earl of Derby, son of the duke of Lancaster, added,'Good uncle, you these councils, that ancient and valiant knight sir Richard Sturry have well spoken, and justly explained the nmatter, and I support told me everything, word for word, as I have transcribed. On the what you have said.' The council on this began to separate, and to Sunday, the whole council were gone to London, excepting thile duke murmur one to another; but they did not call in the envoys from of York, who remained with the king, and sir RIlichard Stuimy: these Guyenne, nor those from the duke of Lancaster." two, in conjunction with sir Thomas I ercy, mentioned me again to Here the old knight ended his conveisation; but I learnt from him the king, who desired to see the book I had brought for him. I pre. afterwards, that when the king heard this, he dissembled his opinion, seated it to him in his chamber, for I had it with me, and laid it on with the intention of again summoning his council after dinner, to his bed. He opened and looked into it with much pleasure. He imnow if any measures, more to the advantage of the crown, should ought to have been pleased, for it was handsomely written and i!luo be adopted, or if anything further should be done in respect to Aqui- minated, and bound in crimson velvet, with ten silver-gilt studs, and taine. roses of the same in the middle, with two large clasps of silver-gilt, The king made the archbishop of Canterbury spealk on the busi- richly worked with roses in the centre. The king asked me what ness of his marriage, as he had ordered him in the morning, and the book treated of: I replied, "Of love!i" ie was pleased with who should be sent to France, for he was very earniest that this mat- the answer, and dipped into several places, reading parts aloud, for ter should be accomplished. It had before been in debate, and was he read and spoke French perfectly well, and then 5pave it to one of nearly agreed to, and those were named who were to cross the sea, his knights, called sir Richard Credon, to carry to his oratory, and although their instructions had not been given to them. In this made me many aclkowledgments fbr it. council it was ordered, that the archbishop of Dublin, the earl of It happened this same Sunday, after the king had received my Rutland, the earl-marshal, the lord Beaumont, sir Hugh Spencer, sir book so handsomely, an English squire being in the king's chamber, iewis Clifford, to the number of twenty knights and forty squires of called Henry Castide,* a man of prudence and character, and who honor, should wait on the king of France, and propose a treaty of epoke French well, made acquaintance with me, because he saw the marriage between the king of England and the lady Isabella, his king and lords give me so hearty a reception, and had likewise no. daughter, who might then be about eight years old. S.e had been ticed the book I had presented to the king: he also imagined, from betrothed before to the duke of Brittany's son, as you have seen, his first conversation, that I was am historian; indeed, he had been when the meeting took place, and peace was made between the king told so by sir Richard Sturry. He thus addressed me: "Sir John, of France and the duke of Brittany, at Tours. To break this would have you as yet found any one to give you an account of the late be difficult, for the king of France and his uncles had put their seals expedition to Ireland, and how four kings of that country submitted to the treaty. Notwithstanding this obstacle, the English embassa- themselves to the obedience of the king?" I replied, that I had dos, having received theirinstructions, left London, and crossing the not. "I wi;I tell it you, then," said the squire, who might be about sea at Dover, arrived in two or three days at Calais. They staid fifty years old, "in order that, when you are returned home, you may there five days to refiresh themselves and their horses, and then at your leisure insert it in your history, to be had in perpetual rememleparted, taking the read to Amiens, having sent before the Irish brance." I was delighted to hear this, and offered him mny warmest:herald March, who had brought them passports fi'om the king of thanks. iFrance on his return to Calais. The lord de Monchourel* was Henry Castide thus began: "It is not in the memory of man, that also sent as a guide, and to have all cities and towns opened to any king of England ever led so large an armament of men-at-arms them, as well as to provide for what they might want. We will and archers to make war on the Irish, as the present king. He releave them for a little, and return to the matters we were before mained upward of nine months in Ireland, at great expense, which, speakiing of. however, was cheerfully defrayed by his kingdom; for the principal As I have mentioned, the deputies from Gascony, aind from the cities and towns of England thought it was well laid out, when they chief towns in Aquitaine, were earnest in their solicitations to the saw their king return home with honor. Only gentlemen and archers king and council that they might remain attached to the crown of had been employed on this expedition,; and there were with the king England, accordimg to thc-ir ancient rights and privileges, which it four thousiand knights and squires aid thirty thousand archers, all'had been repeatedly sworn should be observed, in spite of every regularly paid every week, and so well they were satisfied. To tell cause, obstacle, or condition to the contrary. Tlhree parts of the you the truth, Ireland is one,,r the worst countries to make war in,,council, and the unanimous voice of the people of England, were on or to conqimer; for there are sach impenetrable and extensive forests. their side; but Thomas of Woodstock, duke of Gloucester, youngest lakes, and bogs, there is no kntowing how to pass them, and carry on,son of the late king Edward, opposed them, and plainly showed he war advaotageously: it is so thinly inhabited, that, whenever tht wished his brother of Lancaster to be detained inii Aquitaine, for he Irish please, they desert the towns, and take refuge in these forests.:.felt he was too powerful when in England, and too nearly allied to and live in huts made of boughs, like wild beasts; and whenever ~the king As for his brother of York, he held him cheap, for he they perceive any parties advancing with hostile dispositions, and.Interferea _ittle in public affairs, and was without malice or guile, about to enter their country, they fly to such narrow puasses, it is im. -w'!iFng only to live in quiet: he had besides just married a young possible to follow them. W"hen they find a favorable opportunity:an meautiful wife, dcaughter to the earl of' Kent, with whom he spent to attack. their enemies to advantrage, which frequently happens, from m:ost of his time whichd was not occupied with other amusemements. their knmowledge of the country, they fail not to seize it; and nmo man"The durke of Gloucester was cunning and malicious, and continually at-arms, be he ever so well umounted, c:an overtake them, so light are:soliciting favors from his nephew king Richard, pleading poverty, they of foot. Sometimes they leap firom the groumid behind. horsethough he abounded in wealth; for he was constable of England, man, and embrace the rider (for they are very strong in their arms),.duke of Gloucester, earl of Buckingham, Essex, and Northanmpton. so tightly, that he can no way get rid of them. The Irish have pointed iUe had, besides, pensions on the king's exchequer, to the amount of _____________________________________________________ * "Castide." The MuSS. C ris te ed. Stowe, Henry Cristalt Sauvago afterwardimc atL. "~eonchourel. In tie MiSS. Mont-caurel, him Criiteile. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 50S knives, with broad blades, sharp on both sides like a dart-head, with rounded with wood, palisades, and stagnant water: the name of this which they kill their enemies; but they never consider them as dead town was Herpelin.* The gentleman who had taken me was called until they have cut their throats like sheep, opened their bellies and Brin Costeret,t a very handsome man. I have frequently made in. taken out their hearts, which they carry off with them, and some say, quiries after him, and hear that he is still alive, but very old. This who are well acquainted with their manners, that they devour them as Bryan Costeret kept me with him seven years, and gave me his delicious morsels. They never accept of ransom for their prisoners; daughter in marriage, by whom I have two girls. I will tell you and when they find they have not the advantage in any skirmishes, how I obtained my liberty. It happened in the seventh year of my they instantly separate, and hide themselves in hedges, bushes, or captivity, that one of their kings, Arthur Macquemaire, king of Lein. holes under the ground, so that they seem to disappear, no one knows ster, raised an army against Lionel duke of Clarence, son to king whithter. Edward of England, and both armies met very near the city of Lein. ster. In the battle that followed, many were slain and taken on both sides; but, the English gaining the day, the Irish were forced to fly, and the king =____-_-~f:-~ (......... of Leinster escaped. The father of my wife was made prisoner, under the banner of the duke of' Clarence; and as Bryan Costeret was mounted on nmy horse, which was remembered to have ( s ~ belonged to the earl of Ormond, it was then first known that I was alive, and that he had honorably entertained me at his house in Herpelin, and given me _ // his daughter in marriage. The duke of Clarence, sir William Windsor, and all / our party, were well pleased to hear this news, and he was ofTered his liberty, on condition that he gave me mine, and sent me to the English army, with "a ~-tl3 my wife and children. He at first re. the fused these terms, fiom his love to rme, his daughter, and our children; but, when he found no other terms would vided myeldestdaughter remained with'e him. I returned to England with my wife and youngest daughter, and fiOxed my residence at Bristol. My two chil. dren are married: the one established in Ireland has three boys and two girls, and her sister four sons and two daugh. IRISH CHIEFTAINHS MAKING A CHARGE. Metrical tistory, Harleiah MSS. ters. "Because the Irish language is as fo"Sir WVilliam Windsor, who has longer made war in Ireland than miliar to me as English, for I have always spoken it in my fimily, any other English knight, has never been able during his residence and introduce it among my grandchildren as much as I can, I have amrong them, to learn correctly their manners, nor the condition of been chosen by our lord and king to teach and accustom the four Irish the Irish people, They are a very hardy race, of great subtlety, and kings, who have sworn obedience for ever to England, to the manners of various tempers, paying no attention to cleanliness, nor to any of the English. I must say, that these kings, who were under my gentleman, although their country is governed by kings, of whom management, were of coarse manners and understandings; and, in there are several, but seem desirous to remain in the savage state spite of all that I could do to soften their language and nature, very they have been brought up in. True it is, that four of the most little progress has been made, for they would frequently returin to potent kings in Ireland have submitted to the king of England, but their former coarse behavior. more through love and good-humor, than by battle or force. The "I will more particularly relate the charge that was given me over earl of Ormond, whose lands join their kingdoms, took great pains them, and how I managed it. The king of England intended these tG induce them to go to Dublin, where the king our lord resided, and four kings should adopt the manners, appearance, and dress of the to submit themselves to him and to the crown of England. This English, for he wanted to create themi knights. He gave them first was considered by every one as a great acquisition, and the object a very handsome house in the city of Dublion for themselves and atof the armament accomplished: for, during the whole of king Ed- tendants, where I was ordered to reside with them, an( never to leave ward's reign of happy memory, he had never such success as king the house without an absolute necessity. I lived with them three or Richard. The honor is great, but the advantage is little, for with four days without any way interferin, that we might become accus. such savages nothing can be done. I will tell you an instance of retimed to each other, and I allowed them to act just as they pleased, their savageness, that it may serve as an example to other nations. I observed, that as they sat at table, they made grimaces, that did not You rmay depend on its truth; for I was an eye-witness of what I seem to me graceful nor becoming; and I resolved in my mind to shall relate, as they were about a month under my care and govern- make them drop that custom. When these kings were seated at ance at Dublin, to teach the usages of England, by orders of the table, and the first dish was served, they would make their minstrels king and council, because I knew their language as well as I did and principal servants sit beside them, and eat from their plates and French and English, for in my youth I was educated among them; drink from their cups. They told me, this was a praiseworthy eus ~end earl Thomas, father of the present earl of Ormond, kept me with tom of their country, where everything was in common but the bed. him, out of affection, for my good horsemanship. I permitted this to be done for three days; but on the fourth I ordered "It happened that the earl above mentioned was sent with three the tables to be laid out and covered properly, placing the four kings hIundredt lances and one thousand archers to make war on the Irish; at an upper table, the minstrels at another below, and the servants for the English had kept up a constant warfare against them in hopes lower still. They looked at each other, and refused to eat, saying I of bringing them under their subjection. The earl of Ormond, whose had deprived them of their old custom in which they had been brought lands bordered on his opponents, had that day mounted me on one up. I replied with a smile, to appease them, that their customn was of his best horses, and I rode by his side. The Irish having formed not decent nor suitable to their rank, nor would it be honorable fbr an ambuscade to surprise the English, advanced from it; but were them to continue it; for that now they should conform to the manso sharply attacked by the archers, whose arrows they could not ners of the English; and to instruct them in these particulars was withstand, for they are not armed against them, that they soon re- time motive of my residence with them, having been so ordered by treated. The earl pursued themo, and I, who was well mounted, kept the king of England and his council. When they heard this, tihey close by him: it chanced that in this pursuit my horse took fright, made no firther opposition to whatever I proposed, from having and ran. away with me, in spite of all my efforts, into the midst of the placed themselves under the obedience of England, and continue-i enemy. My friends could never overtake me; and, in passing through good-hunmoredly to persevere in it as long as I staid with thenm. the hiish, one of them, by a great feat of agility, leaped on the back " They had another custom I knew to be comamon in the country, of ty i horse, and held me tight, with both of his arms, but did me no which was time not wearing breeches. I had,in consequence, plchaty harm with lance or knife. He pressed my horse forward for more of breeches made of linen and cloth, which I gave to the kings and than tw o hours, and conducted him to a large bush, in a very retired their attendants, and accustomed them to wear them. I took away spot, where he found his companiomis who bad run thither to escape many rude articles, as well in their dress as other things, and had the English. He seemd much rejoiced to have made me hIis prisoner, 7'".Ierpelit." In MSS.'lrpe!epin. and carr ied me to his house, which was strono, and in a town sur- t "BrimiCosteret.' Q..Brysa C lstese. 570 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c great difficulty, at the first, to induce them to wear nobes of silken provision nor merchandise could be landed; but the inland natives cloth, trimmed with squirrel-skin or minever, for the kings only were indifferent to this, as they are unacquainted with commerce, wrapped themselves up in an Irish cloak. In riding, they neither nor do they wish to know anything of it, but simply to live like wild used saddles nor stirrups, and I had some trouble to make them con- beasts. Those who reside on the coast opposite to England are bet. form in this respect to the English manners. ter informed, and accustomed to traffic. King Edward, of happy "I once made inquiry concerning their faith; but they seemed so memory, had in his reign so many wars to provide for, in France, minuch displeased, I was forced to silence: they said they believed in Brittany, Gascony, and Scotland, that his forces were dispersed in God and the Trinity, without any difference from our creed. I asked different quarters, and he was unable to send any great artnament to which pope they were inclined to: they replied, without hesitation, Ireland. When the Irish found so large a force was now come'To that at Romrne.' I inquired, if they would like to receive the against them, they considered it most advisable to submit themselves order of knighthood? for the king would willingly create them such, to the king of England. Formerly, when Saint Edward, who had after the usual modes of France, England, and other countries. They been canonized, and was worshipped with much solemnity by the said they were knights already, which ought to satisfy them. I asked English, was their king, he thrice defeated the Danes on sea and when they were made; they answered, at seven years old; that in land. This Saint Edward, king of England, lord of Ireland and of Ireland a king makes his son a knight, and should the child have Aquitaine,* the Irish loved and feared more than any other king of lost his father, then the nearest relation; and the young knight England before or since. It was for this reason, that when our king begins to learn to tilt with a light lance against a shield fixed to a went thither last year, he laid aside the leopards and flowers de luce, post in a field, and the more lances he breaks the more honor he ac- and bore the arms of Saint Edward emblazoned on all his banners quires.'By this method,' added they,'are our young kniights trained, these were a cross patence or, on a field gules, with four doves at more especially kings' sons.' Although I asked this, I was before gent on the shield or banner, as you please. This we heard was well acquainted with fhe manner of educating their children to arms. very pleasing to the Irish, and inclined them more to submission, for I made no furthe' reply than by saying, this kind of childish knighlit- in truth the ancestors of these four kings had done homage and serhood would not satisfy the king of England, and that he would create vice to Saint Edward; they also considered king Richard as a pru. them in another mode. They asked,'In what manner?''In church, dent and conscientious man, and have therefore paid their homage with most solemn ceremonies;' and I believe they paid attention to in the like manner as was done to Saint Edward. what I said. "Thus I have related to you how our king accomplished the object "About two days after, the king was desirous to create these kings of his expedition to Ireland. Keep it in your memory, that when knights; acd the earl of Ormond, who understood and spoke Irish returned home you may insert it in your chronicle with othlier histories well, as his lands joined the territories of the kings, was sent to wait that are connected with it." " Henry," said I, " you have well On them, that they might have more confidence in the message from spoken, and it shall be done." Upon this we separated; and meet. the king and council. On his arrival, they showed him every res- ing soon after, the herald March, I said, "March, tell me what are poet, which he returned, as he knew well how to do, and they seemed the arms of Henry Castide; for I have found him very agreeablle, and happy at his corning. Ile begaii a most friendly conversation with he has kindly related to ime the history of the king's expedition to them, and inquired if they were satisfied with my conduct and be- Ireland, and of the four Irish kings, who, as he says, were under his havior. They replied,'Perfectly well: he has prudently and wisely governance upward of fiflteen days." March replied, "lie bears for taught us the manners amid usages of his country, for which we arms a chevron gules on a field argent, with three besants gules, two ought to be obliged, and do thank him.' This answer was agreeable above the chevron and one below." to the earl of Ormond, for it showed sense; anid then, by degrees, All these things I retained n11 my memory, and put on paper, for he began to talk of the order of knighthood they were to receive, I wished not to forget them. explaining to thei every article and ceremony of it, and how great a value should be set on it, and how those who were created knights behaved. The whole of the earl's conversation was very pleasing to C H A P T E R L X V. the four kings, whom, however, as I have not named, I will now do: THE DUKE OF LANCASTER IS ORDERED BACIK FROM AQUITAINE. SIING first, Aneel the great, king of Mecte;* secondly, Brund de Thomond, RICHARD RECEIVES A FRIENDLY ANSWER TO THE P.ROPOSALS IIS EiBtASking of Thomond anid of Aire;t the third, Arthur Macquemaire, king SADORS HAD MADE To TIIE KING OF FRANCE FOR A MARRIAGE BETWEEN of Leinster; and the fourth, Contruo, king of Chenour and Erpe. i ND TE LADY ISAELL, INESS O FRNCE. HMi A/ND THE LADY ISABELLA, IPRI{;ESS Or, FRANCE. They were made knights by the hand of' the king of England, on the feast of our Lady in March, which that year fell on a Thursday, in the cathedral of Dublin, that was founded by Saint John the aptist. pleased: but I was not always in the same place, for the king fire. Thi foum kings watched all thie WedVnesday-night in thin cathiedral; quently changed his abode. Ile went to Eltham, Leeds-castle, Kings. ton, Shene, Chertsey, and Windsor; none very far from London. I and on the morrow, after mass, they were created knights, with mnch ton, Sene, Cherey and indso; none very far from London. I solemnity. here were nigted at the same tine ir hom was told for truth, that the king and his council had written to the solenitv Thre wre kighed a thesam th-e si ThrnasOr-duk"e of Lancaster to return to ]Elnglaaul, for those fi'oum Aquitaine had phem,~ sir Joathas Pado, and his cousin sir John Pado. The- four de of La se to return to Engla, for those fom Aquitaie had kings were very richly dressed, suitable to their rank, and that day boldly declared they would nt submit to any other lord but the king of England. This had been determined on by so large a majority dined at the table of king Richard, where they were much stared at f Egl Ti i bee detemned on by s large a mjoty by the lords amid those present: not ideed witout reason; fo of the council, that the duke of Gloucester, anxious as hlie was to keep were strange figures, and different icontenanced to threaso for they his brother omt of England, could not prevail that the gift the king had made hime should be persevered in. The whole council were other nations. We are natura!ly inclined to gaze at anything strangewhole counci were and it was certainly, sir John, at that time, a great novelty to see feful of the conequece: they wer pefectly aware of what the ~four TI~rish. ~~ g kinoetyts.o s deputies from Gascony had meant by their speeches; for they de. four Irish kings."dlared, that should the dmichy of Aquitaine be alienated from the Sir Henry, I readily believe you, and would have given a good crwofEgaditoudit tone be vypruia t deal if I could have been there. Last year I had made arrangeme ts cr f Egld, it would in limes to come be very prejudicinl to for coming to England, and should have done so, had I not heard of its interests. hey r unwiling therefore, t risk such a loss, as the death of queen Anne, which made me postpone my journey. But tho towns of Bordeaux and Bayonne had always strongly supported I wish to ask you one thing, which has much surprised me: I should the cause of England. This was hot forgotten to be urged im the like to know how these four Irish kings have so readily submitted to counil duing te absn of te due of Gloucester; but when he king Richard, when his vaiat grndfather, who was so much re present none dared to declare their real sentiments. The affair, doubted everywhere, could never reduce them to obedience, and was therfore, was ot futher pesse. therefore, was not further pressed. dualways at war wil them. You have said it was broughtb about by I will now say something of the earl of Rutland, the earl marshal, alwas a wa wit, tem.You avesai it as rouht. bou byand the other English embassadors, that had been sent to France to a treaty and the grace of God: the grace of Goa is good, and of in- and the ther English embssdors, that hal en sent to France to finite value to those who can obtain it; but we see few now-a-days tret of a oiarriage beween king Richard and the yummmg daughter augment their territories otherwise than by force. When I shall be f the ing of France, ho was nt then more than iht yars old, returned to my native country of Hainault, and speak of these mat- and tell boy they prospred. These embassadors cotimined their ters, I shall be strictly examined concerning them-r for our lord duke journey from Calais, trh Amies, Cermont in Beauvoisis, to Paris: wherever' they passed, they wvere most honorably received, aeAlbert of Bavaria, earl of IHIolland, Hainault, and Zealand, and his Pa: herever they passed, they re most hooably ecived, son William of Hainauit, st.;le themselves lords of Friesland, an ox- ordyimg to orders that lid beem given by the king of France ald his tensive country, over which they claim the government, as their pre- council. They were lodged at Paris near the Croix do Tiroir, and council. They were 1odg'ed at Paris near the Cr~oix du Tiroir, and decessoshve do~inePY bvefrew them; butm the lovrimeslanes refuse todecessors have done Ibefore them; but the Fuieslanders refuse to their attendants and horses, to the amount of five hundred, in the acknowledge their right, and will not by any nmeans submit them- adjacent streets. The king of France resided at the Louvre, the selves to their obedience." queen and her children at the h6tel de Saint Pol, the duke of Berry sn tb~a'VT.-,-, T_ T,,],,, T at t telvde Neste, th duke of' Burgundy at the oa thei obediec. To this Ihenry Castide answered: " In trmstn, sir John, I cannot tel do Nesle, tin duke of Burgundy at the hotel d'Artois more fully explain how it was brought about; out it is generally be. the duke of Bourbon, the duke of Orleans, the count do Saint Pol, and lieved by most of our party, that the Irish were exceedingly fright. the lord do Coucy, were at their ovn hbtels; for the king had sum. ened at the great force the king landed in Ireland, where it remained momed the whole of his council, that ho might be rho better advised for nine months. Their coasts were so surrounded, that neither what answer to make to the English lords. He hbad ordered that two _ hundred crowns of France should be paid during their stay in Paris, f~or the expenses of themi and their horses. ~ "Aneel tIhe gru~tt, king of Meete." Q. O'Neale tme great, king of Meath.' "~'Thomenot and Aim." Q; Ulster. * This must be a mistake; far Aquitaine was brought to the crown of Engillmd b~ J "Centrue, king of Chenour and Erpe." Q. O'Connor, king of Connaught. the marriage of Eleanora, the divorced queen of Louis le Jeune, king of Franse, with - tir Thomas Orphem." hiSS. Ourghemr and Gourghem. Henry Il. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 571 The principal lords, such as the earl of Rutland and the earl mar- less so, in turning their thoughts how they could make the most of shal, were frequently with the king, and staid dinner: the king, his this marriage to the honor and advantage of their country. brother and uncles, showed them every attention, from respect to the Many spoke of it, saying, " If our advice were asked on the matking of England. The embassadors demanded an answer to their ter, and listened to, we would say, that the king of England slhould proposals, but were some time put off with excuses; for it was mat- never have a princess of France until a firm peace were made between ter of great surprise to every one that the English should be so forward the two kingdoms and their allies. What good can be looked to to offer such an alliance, after the bitter war that had been carried firom this connection to either country? for the moment the truces exon between the two nations, for such a length of time. Some in the pire, and they have but three years to run, the war will recommence council said; "How will it be possible for the king, our lord, to give with as much inveteracy as before. These things ought to be well his daughter in marriage to his adversary the king of England? We considered." The dukes of Berry and Orleans, with many of the think, that bef.:e suclh a measure can take place, there ought to be great barons of France, were of this opinion, which was well known a solid peace esablished between France, England, and their allies." to the king, the duke of Burgundy, and to the chancellor, who were This and many other points were agitated in the privy council of eager for any peace that should not be dishonorable to the crown of France. France. There was at this period a very wise chancellor of France, called sir Arnaud de Corbie: he saw far into events likely to happen, and C H A P T E R LX VI. knew well the different.aterests that swayed the kingdom. Hie said A SQUIRE OF ACa_,rxnDY, CALLED ROBERT THE HERMlIT, HlAVING DECLARED to the king and his uncles; "My lords, we ought to go straight forHE HAD SEEN A VISION, WHILE AT SEA, ORDERING HIM TO INTERFERE ward in this business; for king Richard of England shows plainly IN MAKING A PEACE BETWEEN FRANCE AND ENGLAND, IS SENT TO NINGJ that he wishes nothing but affection to France, since he is desirous RICHARD AND HIS UNCLES TO THIS EFFECT. to ally himself with us by marriage. We have had two conferences for peace at Amiens and at Leuliughen, but neither were brought to AT this period a valiant and prudent squire returned home to any better conclusion than a prolongation of the truce. We know France: he had travelled much beyond sea, and his voyages and for certain, that the duke of Gloucster is in opposition to the king travels had gained him great renown, both at home and abroad, of England and his two brothers of Lancaster anld of York, in every. wherever they were kinown. This squire was from the country of thing relative to a peace with France. Neither the king of England Caux in Normandy, anid his name was Robert Menuot,* but he was nor any others who wish for peace can make him change his senti- called Robert the Hermit, Hie was of a religious and holy life, of ments, but in the end he will inot be able to withstand the kille. Let fair speech, and might be about fifty years old. He had attended the us therefore make the most of this overture, aiid give the enmbassadors coiiferences at Leulinghen between the lords of France and England, such an answer that they may return satisfied." The king of France where his discourses had been well listened to. When Robert left and his uncles agreed with the chancellor, more especially the duke Syria to return home, he embarked at Baruth, but had when at sea a of Burgundy, who was so tired of war that he was anxious for peace furious tempest, so that, for two days and a night, he and his corn. on almnost any terms. IHe was principally induced to this firom his panions were in such danger they thought they must be lost. Per. territories of Flanders, which lie held in right of' his duchess, being sons in such peril are generally very repentant and contrite, and have opposiLe t.) tihe shores of England; and the hearts of the Flemings a greater fear of God. It happened, toward the end of the storm, were more inclined to the English than the French, from the conm- when the weather and sea became somewhat calmer, that a figure as meree that was carried oni between the two countries. It was de. bright as crystal appeared to Robert, and said: "Robert, thou shalt termined;n the privy council, that the hearty welcome which had escape from this peril, as well as thy companions for thy sake, fobr been niade to the English should be continued: the king particularly God has favorably heard thy prayers. He orders thee by me, to rewilled it so: and it was advised (whether through dissimulation or turn to France as speedily as thou canst, and instantly on thy arrival not) that the embassadors from England should receive kind answers, to wait on the king, and relate what has befallen thee. Thou wilt and have hopcs given them before their departure that the king of tell him to listen to peace with his adversary the king of England, England's proposal would be con.plied with. for their wars have lasted too long. Do thou interfere boldly, when The ueen of France resided at the hotel of St. Pol, on the banks conferences shall be holden to treat of peace between king Charles f te Seie; nd, t etter to leas the Elsh lords, their request and king R.ichard, for thou shalt be heard; and all those who shall was granted, to visit tihe queen and children, and especially the prin- any way oppose or prevent peace from taking effect, shall dearly pay cess who tey were soliciting r teir qee, s they were iipa- for their wickedness in their lifetime." Upon this, the voice ceased ient tho se the wre Thsoad eena t fothirs reusedn, as r theywr council tient to see her. Tis ld been at st refused, fr the council and the figure vanished, leaving Robert very pensive on what he had excused themselves, by saying that she was but a child; and that, at heard. He, however, believed that what he had seen came firom her age of eight years, nothing could be judged of' what she might Heaven: an fom that moment they had wid ad weater to their r,~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~evn an io tha ment wiheysha which broughtather to thenoa turn out. She had, however, been well educated, as she showed wishes, which brought them to Gen. the English lords when they waited upon her; for, when the lord Robert, oi landing, took leave of his fellow-passengeis, and made marsha[ had dropped on Mis linees, saying, "1Muadam, if it please C arslal had dped e is nees, syn, adam, if it please te best of his way to Avignon, where the first thing he did was to God, you shall be our lady queen," she replied instantly, and with- py his dvoios in the church of St. Peter. Fining there te grn p ntnir, he confessed himself duly and devoutly to him, out any one adv. suo her, " Sir, if it please God, and my lord and grand penitentiary, he confessed himself duly and devoutly to him, 1_'~~~~~~~~~ ~~relating the vision you have just read, and asked his advice how he father, that I be qeeii of England, I shall be well pleased thereat; for relating the vision you have just read, and asked his advice ow e I have been told I shall then be a great lady." She uade the earl should act on the occasion. The penitentiary strictly enjoined him, marshal ruse, and, t duinEg hini by the hrandf, led him to the queen, nt to mention the vision to any one before he had told it to the king wh was mc pleased at her answer, as ere all who heard it. The of France, according to the orders given him, and that whatever the appearance and manners of this young princess were very agreeable king should comand he must do. obert followed this advice, and to tie Eniighsh elnbamsadors; and they thought a-mong thenselves dressing himself in plain gray cloth, with very simple attendance, left that she would e a lady of high oor and reat wor. WAvignon, and continued his journey to Paris, where he heard that e3 ~~~~~the king was at Abbeville, to be near the conference at Amniens behad staid at Paris nimore than twenty days, having all their expenses the ing was at Abbeville, to be near the conferece at Ames be defrtayed by the king ef France, they received favo rable answers to tween the French and English. He immediately went to the abbey their demand m fiom the king and council, with grcat hopes that the of St. Peter, where the king was lodged at Abbeville, and was intro. object of their milssion would be accomplished, but not inmediately; diced to the presence by a Norman knight, his nearest relation, called d Wilia Mathel preenc wyas Nofrman kinig't s chmear.oert meaionucalye for the princess was very young, and had likewise been betrothed to sir William Martel, who was of the ing's chamber. Robert minutely the so~~~-,nofhedkofBittanly. This obstacle they were told must the son ot the dille of Breittanay. Tis obstacle they were told must lated everything that had happened to him, which the king listened be first got over, before anything further could be dclone in time matter: to with great attention; but as the duke of Burgundy and sir Arnaud it must thefore r i emnn in tiMs salte the ensuing winter: dun de Corbie, chancellor of France, the two most active commissioners Leiit, the king of 3France wouldt seni information of what had been for France, were absent at the conference, he said to Robert; "Our council are at LeoulighieR: you will remain until they shall return, donei to the kinm of Engiand; an d, when the days should be length- council are at Leulighen: you i remain until they shal etu, ened, the weather fine, and the sea calm, they might return, or any wxhe I will talk with my uncle of Burgundy and the chancellor, and otmers whome the kiug of Englaumd smould prefer to seid, and tiey act according as they shall best advise." "God assist them!" an. would be well received by the king and council of France. swered Robert. n n f c English bs aThis same week, the commissioners returned to Abbeville firom This answer was satisfiactor to the El,~gli enibassadors. They took. leav( oh' tie queen, lier a ugihter tie Idy Isabella, the brother the conference, bringing with them a project for peace. T'he English ind uncles the km aid (If all xhom it e, ti btimei had inserted articles of such importance as a preliminary, that they and untcles (,f the, king, and of al hni a eesr otake leve, nd ct Pis elling the same road they had come fom had refused to admit theni without knowing first the king's will on leave, and left Paris, following the same road they had come fi'om Cahais. -i eml of. Rutland an d earl marshal, xvho were the princi- the subject; and on their arrival, they laid theim before his majesty. pals in this embassy, nastene, before any mf thin attendants, to carry The king took his uncle of Burgundy and the chancellor aside, to the hexvs of xvit thuy had done to the king of England. They inform them of what Robert the hermit had told him, and to know landed at Sandwich, and in less than a day and a half arrived at if it ought to be believed and acted upon. They, having looked at Wmldsor, wheire thw aring then xvas. i~e evais much rejoiced at their each other some time in silence, said they would examine this Robert arrival, and wttn time answers they nad brought back, i~e did inot themselves, and then would give him their opinion. Robert was neg;ect this business; for his Illind was so much occupied withs it sent for, ald being not far from where tsese secret councils weme that his wxole thoughts were employed on the meais of' held soon arrived. On his admission, he paid the kiig and the the daughter of France for his queen. If the king of England was duke of Burgundy much respect; and the king said, "Repeat one',has busily employed, the Iking and his council of France were not * "Menuot." MSS. Mennot. 572 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN &c. more, very minutely, all that you told me." "Willingly, sire, "replied with pleasure; but the duke of Gloucester was, I believe, at thi. Robert He then detailed all you have before heard of his adven- time, at a castle of his called Pleshy, in Essex. When Robert had tures and vision, to which they attentively listened; and, when he remained at Eltham with the king and his court five days, he took had done, they desired him to leave the chamber, these three only his leave, and departed to visit the duke of Gloucester. With this remaining together. The king asked the duke of Burgundy what intention he rode to London, and, on the next day, continued hi,, he thought of it: "My lord," said he, "the chancellor and myself journey, and lay at a town, fifteen miles from London, called Bre will consider of it, and give you our answer to-morrow.'" "Very honde,' and on the morrow arrived at Pleshy, where he was hand. well," answered the king. somrely received by the duke and duchess and their children. Rob. The duke and the chancellor consulted a long time by themselves ert delivered his letters firom the king of France to the duke, who, on this matter, and on their mode of acting; for they saw the king on finding that they were credential letters, took Robert aside and believed the whole, and was desirous that Robert should be added demanded ths cause of his coming. Robert replied, that he would to them as a commissioner; for he was so eloquent he converted the tell him at his leisure, for that he was not come to make a short visit. hearts of all who heard him They at last resolved, that if Robert "Well," said the duke, "you are very welcome." Robert the hermit should publicly declare the orders he had received in his vision, it was well acquainted with the double character of the duke, and that would be advisable for him to come to Ieulinghen and explain it to he was violent against a peace with France, and in strong opposition the lords of England, and all who wished to hear it; that it was law- to the king and his brother of Lancaster, who were well inclined to ful so to act and this was the answer they made to the king on the put an end to the war. Hie knew not well how to begin on this busensuing day. When the duke of Burgundy and the chancellor re- iness, nor what means to urge to make him change his opinion; for turned to the conference, they carried Robert the hermit with them, he had witnessed his violence at Leulinghen, and knew that a war who was ready enough to speak what you have heard. On the lords with France was uppermost in his thoughts. This, however, did not of France and England being assembled, Robert came in the midst prevent Robert firom talking to the duke of Gloucester, respecting a of them, and eloquently told the vision he had had at sea, and main- peace; but he found the duke cold and reserved in his answers. Ile tained, by a long harangue, that what it said was by divine inspira- said, "that he had two elder brothers, of Lancaster and York, and tion, and that God had sent it to him, because he willed it should be that it was to them such aiffairs ought to be addressed in prefe. so. Some of the English lords, such as the duke of Lancaster, the rence to him; besides, supposing he was willing to agree to a peace, ear! of Salisbury, sir Thomas Percy, sir William Clanvow, the bish- perhaps the rest of the nation would not consent." ops of Saint David's and London, were inclined to credit what Robert "My very dear lord," replied Robert, "for the love of our Lora related; but the duke of Gloucester and the earl of Arundel paid not JEsus CHRusIST do not oppose a peace: you can do a great deal toward any regard to it, and, when at their lodgings, in the absence of thle forming one; and you know how much your king and nephew is French lords, said it was only a cheat, and a story made up to laugh inclined to it, who, besides, is anxious to strengthen the love between at and deceive them. They unanimously resolved to write to king the two kingdoms, by a marriage with the daughter of the king ot Richard every particular of what Robe.rt the hermit had said and France." To this the duke answered: "Robert, although you are seen. This was done, and the letters given to a knight of the at this moment in higlh favor, and well listened to by the kings and king's chamber, cvtled sir Richard Credon, who found the king at a lords of both countries, the matter of peace is of so much consider handsome place in Kent, called Leeds castle, He presented the ation, that persons of greater weight than you must interfere in it. I king letters friom his commissioners at Leulinghen, which gave him repeat to,ou., what I have frequently said at different places and times, a full detail of everything relative to Robert the hermit. The king that I shall never be against a peace that is honorable to my country. took much delight in perusing these letters at his leisure, and, when All that in a former peace was agreed upon with the king my father, he came to the part that related to Robert the hermit, he said be and my brother the prince of Wales, and confirmed by the oath of should be glad to see and hear this Robert: for he was inclined to king John, for himself and successors, under penalty of excommunibelieve that what he said had happened:') hini might be true. Hie cation by the pope, has not been kept, and their oaths are of no value. wrote back to the duke of Lancaster and the earl of' Salisbury, to'The French have friaudulently broken the articles of this peace, and press them to exert themselves, that a g'rns peace should be estab- have even taken possession, by treachery and force, of those lands, lished between him, the king of France aniid his allies; for as Robert castles and towns, that were given up at -the peace to our late king the hermit had said, tle- wars had lasted too long, and it was full and father, and to hIis successors. Besides, of the three millions of t:ime to hit upon some means to psocure peace. francs, which wmre to be paid as the ransom of king John, six hunI have before related the whole of this matter: and that as noth- dred thousand are yet unpaid. These matters, Robert, being so fresh ing was concluded, in regard to a peace, a truce had been agreed on in our memory, trouble us greatly, and mnake us cautious; and we by the commissioners on each side, before they separated, between wonder (I speak not only of' myself, but of others who have a right the two kingdoms and their allies, to last for four years, while, in the to interfere in the government,) how our king should be so thought. mean time, they would study to promote a lasting peace. Such were less, that he does not compare past times with the present; and how the initentions of the English comrmissaoners, with the exception of he can think of uniting himself with his enemies, and thereby disin. the duke of Gloucester; for hie was resolved, on his return to England, heriting the crown of England of all future advantage." to oppose any peace with France; but ihe dissembled then his real "Dear lord," replied Robert, "our Loan JEsus CRImsT suffered on sentiments, to please the king and his brothIer of Lancaster. Thus did the cross for us sinners; but he forgave, at his death, those who cru. I become acquainted with what passed relative to Robert the hermit. cified him. It is necessary, therefore, that we in like manner forgive Shortly after the return of the earl of' Rutland, the earl marslal, the our enemies, if' we expect to be admitted to the glories of paradise. archbishop of Dublin, sir Hmsgh Despencer, sir Lewis Clifford, and All hatred, malice and ill will were put an end to, and mutually par. those who had been attached to the embassy to France bringing with doned, the day the peace was signed by your ancestor at Calais. Was them friendly answers relnative to the marriage, the parliament as- was afterwards renewed with bitterness betwen the two countries, semblcd at Westminste r. These parliansents last usually four days, through faults and deceptions on each side; for, when the prince of when all business relative to the country is settled. Wales returned friom Castille to Aquitaine, a set of people called At the meeting of' this parliament the duke of Lancaster returned Comipanions, the greater part of whom were English, or Gascons from Bordeaux, whither he had been sent as duke of Aquitaine, for dependent on the king of England or the prince, collected together the inhabitants had refused to receive hIim in that quality. But I and entered France, without the smallest title of reason, and carried have mentioned these things before, and shall therefore say no more thither a more disastrous war than the preceding one. They called on tlhe subject. The duke of Lancaster, on his return to England, the kingdom of France their manor, and were so determined on miswas well received by the kincr and lords, as was right, and they dis- chief there was no resisting them: for this reason, when the realm cournsod on various business together. As soon as it was known in was so oppressed, and the evils daily multiplying, Iking Charles, son France that the duke of Lancaster was in England, the king and his to king John, was advised by his vassals to provide a remedy, and council resolved to send thither Robert the hermit, with credential oppose such conduct by open war or otherwise. Many great barons letters tO the king of England, who was desirous of seeing him; and of Gascony at this time allied themselves with the king of France, that, whien he should come back to France, the count de Saint Pol whom the prince of Wales, who ought to have been their lord, wanted would go thither. Robert the hermit would be well received by the to oppress and bring more under his power, as they said and wanted king -nad lords of England, who would cheerfully attend LO aiJ he to prove by various facts, but which they would not longer suffer. should relate of the affairs of Syria, Tartary, of Bajazet and Turkey, They made war on the prince, in conformity to their appeal to the wher he had resided a long time; for of scIs matters the English kirng of France, who, by the advice of his council, joined them in lords amre very curious. Robert was orderet to make his preparations order to rid himiself of these free companies that ravaged France. for goint to England, which much pleased lhim, saying he would wil- Many lords, towns and castles turned to the king of France, firom tlm hingly go thither, as it wa a counry he had never seen. oppressions they labored under fieom the prince or those employed by Credential letter; were gaten hima fi'om the lking of France to king I him. Thus was the war renewed with more inveteracy than before, RicIhrd asid to hi.s unclcs. Robert left Pasis with his array of only to the destrsuction of the people amad country, as well as of the weak. seven blnraes, (bnu all his. expenses, as was just, were to be paid by oeninm of the faith of Gen. This last is so sensibly felt in Christendorma the sek[,~ os France,) and travelled to Boulogne, where he embarked that the enemies of our faith, much emboldened, have already con~at5 crossed to Dover. He then went to Fsltxamm a palace of the quered great part of Greece, and thle emnire of Constantinople, through;sog sf England, seven miles from nLoudosn, and met there the king, fault of not resisting a Turk called Basant, surnamed Amorabaquin.1 t:se duske of Lancaster, the earls of Salisbury and Huntingdon, and mr Thoanms Percy, who snowed him much attnation, in honor to * Breheade." Q.Breatwoed. Bumitwood. tS, sui:r, of trance, as did their sovereign, from his desire to see him. t Tisis Anoralsaqain, so mucs disfsgnmed, was time sultan Bajaist, wto ascended tis -c, tlmrone 1591. te was surnamed, like hi/ sither, t'Amurath Ba~cluon, according' to afs,it, gave his letters to the king and the other lords, who perused them htdss. in the British Museum. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 5713 lie has conquered the whole kingdomrn of Armenia, with the excep- Ireturned to his fine house of Noviant, of which he bore the title as tion of the single town of Courch, situated on the sca-shore, like lord, in the Laonnois; and he had similar orders not to repass die Southampton or Bristol in this country. The Genoese and Venetians rivers Seine, Marne and Oise, unless specially commanded by the hold this against the the Turks; but they cannot long withstand the king. They also bound themselves to go to whatever prison they power of Bajazet, emperor of Constantinople, who is of your blood, might hereafter be ordered by the king or by his commissioners. The, for he is the son of Hugh de Lusignan, by the lady Mary de Bourbon, two lords thankfully accepted this grace, and were:,''oiced to be de. cousin-german to the queen your mother. But should there be peace livered from the Chhtelet. On gaining their liberty, they thought (as there will, if it please GOD,) between France and England, all they should be allowed to see the king, and thank him for his mercy, knights and squires desirous of glory, and of exalting their names, but it was not so: they were forced to quit Paris instantly, and set will hasten thlither, and assist the king of Armenia to drive out the out for their different estates. They, however, obtained their liberty, Turks firom his kingdomi. The war has continued too long between to the great joy of all who were attached to them. France and England, and all those who mniay any way oppose or de. lay the blessings of peace, will severely be punished in this life for so doing.." CHAPTER LXVIII. "Hflow do you know that?" said the duke of Gloucester. " Dear lord," answered Robert, "all comes firom divine inspiration, and was THE DUKE OF BRITTANY AND SIR OLIVER DE CLISSON ARE RECONCILED given to me in a vision, as I was returning by sea firom Baruth in THE DOWAGER QUEEN OF SICILY INSTITVTES A-LAW-SUIT IN THE COURT? Syria toward the island of Rhodes." He then related fully all lie had OF PARIS AGAINST SIR PETIER DE CRAON. seen and heard in this vision, the miore effectually to move the heart You have often heard of the feuds between the duke of Brittany of the duke of Gloucester to listen to terms of peace. But the heart and sir Oliver de Clisso; and that, whenever the two parties e, and sir Oliver de ClissoP; and that, whenever the two parties met, of the duke was hardened against peace, and he always returned to a deadly engagement ensued, without either side showing mercy his former opinions, holdinIg in contempt, by his words, the French In this warfare, however, sir Oliver had the advantage, for two-third, in all things, notwithstanding what Robert had said to him: however, of the country were i his favor. The barons of rittay disseble n ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~of the country were in his flavor. The barons of Brittany dissembles,as he, was a foreigner, and seemed eager to do good, and knowing as he was a foreig~ner, and seemed eager to do good, and koving between both; and the citizens of the chief towns told the duke, tha: besides that the, king of England wanted to conclude a peace, he besides tat the ng of nland wanted to conclude a peace, he this war no way concerned them, and they would not interfere in it dissembled his real sentiments as much as be could, and turned the or that comerce s ore essential to the than a war ith th conversation to other subjects.. for that commerce was more essential to them than a war with tlms conversation to otherm sutbdwjects. dya as nnittP lord de Cliason. Sir Oliver held them excused in regard to him, a., Robert the hermi taid to days and as many nihts at Pesh, they would be mediators in a peace, which the viscount de Rohan, with the duke and duchess of Gloucester and their children, who, in the lord de Leou, and the lord de Dignan, were pressing on the dukE. outward appearance, made him very velcome. On the third day he of Brittany, who had declared to these three lords, that if he could took leave of them, and departed fur London; and went thence to obtain a meeting with the lord de Clisson, he would comply with such Windsor, where the kinu then resided. He was handsomely enter- terms as they should tik honoable to propose. terms as they should think honorable to propose. tained at WVindsor, as well iii honor of the king of France, vho had These barons went to the castle wlhere sir Oliver resided, and told sent him, as on account of his eloquence and good manners. It may him how far they had succeeded vith the duke, who would at any be supposed, that the king of England inquired of him secretly how time grant him ad his company passports for coming and going CD ~~~~~~~time grant him arid his company passports for coming and going; he had succeeded with his uncle of Gloucester, and Robert told him and that they imagined, if once they could meet, all their quarrels truly all that had passed. The king knew welt that the duke of truly all that had passed. The king knew vehl that the duke of would be put an eid to. The lord de Clisson replied: " You are all Glquceester would never willingly agree to a peace with France, fr'om wudbpta n o h odd lso ele o r l Glpcestere would never viliigly agtrfee to a peace with France, from my friends and relations, and I put my whole confidence in you: I his preference to war: he therefore pa~id smuch greater court, niit verily believe what you say firom the duke, that he would willingly showed more affection to his other uncles of Lancaster and York, veily belteewa yosafrmt dkhthewudili have see fn his presence; but, as God and my lord St. Yves niay and to other prelates and barons of England, who he thought wouldhaem nhiprsre;btasGdnd ylodS.Y s y and to other prelates and barons of England, who he thought would help me, I will never on such words or promise quit my castle. Tell ~~~~~~~~~~~serve him. him, since he has deputed you here, to send me his eldest son, who Robert the hermit havingr been a nionth or more in England, began obrt he hermit having been a month or more in England, began shall remain as my pledge; and, when he shall be arrived, I will wait to make preparations for his departure. When he took leave of the o - on him when and where he pleases. As my end shall be, so will be king and lords, the king made him very rich presents, out of love to that of his son; if I return, he shall return; but, if I be detained, so the king of France, as did the duke of Lancaster and York, the earls shall he. Such are my conditions." The three barons, seeing they Zn ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~shall he. Such are my conditions." The three, barons, seeing they of Hfuntincdon and Salisbury, and sir Thomas Percy. The king had could obtain no other answer, were satisfied with it, and, taking their him escorted as far as Dover, where he embarked, and landed at leave in a friendly manner, departed for Vannes, where the duke was Calais. He then journeyed on to Paris, vhere he found the king and waiting for them, and related to him the proposal from sir Oliver de queen of France, and his uncles, to whom he faithfully related the Clissom. The duke could not obtain other terms; and the lord de detail of his journey, and the good cheer the king of England had Clisson had greatly the advantage in this war: the duke conquered made him. Me[essenuers were almost daily passing fi'om one ]king to made him. Messengers were almost dal passing from one king to nothing from him, while sir Oliver won several places from the duke, the other, vith the most friendly letters from each. The king of besides having twice captured all his gold and silver plate, with many England was very impatient to succeed in his marriage with the precious jewels, all of hich he turned to his on profit. daughter of the king of France, who, on his side, had an affection for The end, hovever, of this quarrel was s follows: to due o 9 ~~~~~~~~~~~~The end, however, of this quarrel was as follows: the duke of it, as he did not see how he could more nobly marry her. Brittany, as great a prince as he was, saw plainly he could no way bend the lord de Clisson to his will, f'or he had too many friends In Brittany. With the exception of the great barons in the duchy, all C H A P T E R L X V II. the knights, squires, and inhabitants of the principal towns, inclined TEE LORD DE LA RIVIERE AND SIR JOHN LE MERCIER ARE DrELIVER.ED OUT to the lord de Clisson. The barons dissembled their sentiments, and OF PRISON. told the duke they would not interfere in the matter unless it should be to mediate a peace, if any means could be found out for so doing. TinE lord de la Riviere and sir John le Mercier, after having been The duke of Orleans, in particular, supported sir Oliver underhanded carried from prison to prison, and to different castles, were at last in various ways, and he was well pleased whenever he received news given up to the provost of the Chittelet, and in daily expectation of of the good success of his enterprises. The duke of Brittany, who was being put to death, through the hatred of the dukes of Berry and of a subtle imagination, and had labored hard with many difficulties Burgundy and their advisers. They had been in this melancholy in his time, weighed all these circumstances; and also, that he was state for more than two years, without the king being able to assist not beloved by his subjects, who would show it if they dared, with. them. He, however, would not consent to their execution; and the out infiringing their homage, as well as the children of sir Charles de dukes of B3erry and Burgundy perceived that the duke of Orleans Blois slain at the battle of Auray; namely, John of Brittany, count strongly befriended them. The duchess of Berry was incessant in de Penthievre and Limoges, married to the daughter of the lord de her entreaties with her lord in their favor, more particularly for the Clisson; sir Henry of Brittany* his brother, and their sister the queen lord de la Riviere; but they could not condemn one without the of Naples and Jerusalem. He felt, likewise, that he was growing other, for they were both implicated in the same accusation. The old, that his children were young, and except the duke and dechess solicitations of many worthy persons, added to the justice of their of Burgundy, he had not a fiiend in France who would take care of cause, were of much weighlit; and several of the great barons of them, in case of his decease; for, by the mother's side, they came Fratince thought they had now sufficiently suffered, and should be set firom the branch of Navarre, which was not a family well beloved in at liberty; for that sir John le Mercier had wept so continually, France, from the remembrance of the many wicked acts, in former when in prison, his sight was wveakened so that he could scarcely times, of king Charles of Navarre, the duchess of Brittany's father see, and it was currently reported he was quite blind. He was therefore afraid, should he die during the subsisting hatred At length there was an end put to their sufferings; for the king, of sir Oliver de Clisson and the count de Penthievre, his children although he had consented to their imprisounme:t, for reasonis which would have too many enemies. He perceived also that the English, had been given him, granted them his pardon, deferring further in- who had certainly raised him to the honors he now possessed, were quiry into what had been laid to their charge until a futuire opportunity, and when he should be more fully informed. All his lands and * Denys Suvage says in a marginal note, that he never heard of this personage before, castles were restored to the lord de la Riviere, an d in the first instance, and suoposes that at that period the count de Penthievre had not any brother. the beautifui castle of Auneai, near Chartres, on the borders of ta AnderoaS Royal Genealogies, the lend Charles de Blots had issue Guide count do vier thievre, died S. P. —John. married to Margaret de Clisson —N. N. married to Charles Beauce; but he was ordered thither, and never tn, aeeross the river lfe [pain, eon~table of France, murdered by ths king of Navarre —Mary, wife of Louni Seine, unless recalled by the king's own mouth. Sir John le Murcier duke oft Aeje. si,. of Joul king of France. 574 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPATN, &c. becoming indifferent to his welfare, and would probably increase in he has told the contents of the letter he sent me under his private sig. coolness, if the information he had received of the approaching con- net." "Sir," answered the knights, "he has assured us of' the earnection between the kings of France and England were true. He nest and sincere desire he has to make peace with you; and you had learnt that the treaty of marriage was far advanced between the way believe us, fbr we are your relations." "I firmly do believe king of England and the daughter of the king of France, who had you," said sir Oliver, as he went out to fetch the duke's letter. Hav. been promised to his eldest son. ing read it to them, they replied, "He certainly has spoken to us in All these things alarmed the duke, but especially what had been the very same terms in which he has written to you, and in conselast mentioned troubled him more than all the rest. Having fully quence has sent us hither." "So much the better," answered sir considered them, he resolved to throw aside all dissembling, and Oliver. openly and honestly make peace with sir Oliver de Clisson and John It was not long after the arrival of the three knights, with the ]Isir of Brittany: leaving them to say what amends, if any, he should of Brittany, before the lord de Clisson had made his preparations. make for the damages done them during the war, and for what had They all set out together from Chhteau-Josselin, carrying the boy happened in former times, reserving to himself the duchy of Brittany, with them; for sir Oliver said he would give him back to his father, which was to descend after him to his children, according to the as henceforward he should never distrust the duke, after te toial he treaty that had been signed, with the approbation of all parties, had made of him. Such generosity was shown on both sides, th-at by the children of sir Charles de Blois. This treaty he was not de- it was no wonder a firm peace was the consequence. sirous to have broken: on the contrary, he would that every article They continued their journey to Vannes, where, according to the should be observed, and that it should again be swvorn to and loyally duke's orders, sir Oliver dismounted at a convent of the Donlinicanu, maintained in its whole extent. Should John of Blois, count de Pen- which is situated without the town, where the duke had fixed tie thievre, not be satisfied with his inheritance in Brittany, he would meeting to take place. WVhen he heard that the lord do Clisson had fairly leave it to the viscount de Rohlian, the lords de Dignan, de Laval, brought back his son, he was highly delighted with his geterosity de Ldon, de Beaumont, and sir John de Harpedane, to settle the mat- and courtesy. The duke set out from his castle of la Motto, for tih ter between them. The duke of Brittany, having maturely arranged convent, where he and sir Oliver shut themselves up in a chamber: this in his own mind, without asking advice from any one of his having conversed some time, they went privately into the garden, council, called a secretary, to whom, on entering his chamber, he gave and thence to the banks of the river, and entered a small boat that a large sheet of paper, and said, " Write down as I shall dictate." conveyed them to a large vessel that lay at anchor at the mtnuth of The secretary being ready, the duke repeated to him every word he the river, which they boarded, and, when at a distance fi'om thevir was to write. The letter was indited in the most friiendly terms to people, continued for a long time in conaf'erence. I cannot pretend sir Oliver de Clisson, desiring him to devise some means for them to to say what passed between them. But I will rela;te the conse., have an interview, when everything should be settled in the most quences. Their friends thought they were all the time in the con. agreeable manner. vent, when they were on ship-board, arranging all things on thie fioo When the letter was folded up, in the presence only of the duke ing they wished them to remain. They were upward of two hours and his secretary, he sealed it with his signet, and, calling his most together, if not longer, according to what I heard, and made a firm trusty varlet into the chamber, said: "Hasten to castle Josselin, and peace, which they mutually swore to observe most religiously say boldly that I have senit thee to speak with my cousin sir Oliver When they were about to return, they called their boatman, who de Clisson. Thou wilt be introduced to him: salute.him from me: rowed them back to the place he had brought thenm from, and they if he return the salute, give him this letter, and bring me back his entered the church by a private door, through thle garden and clois. answer; but on thy life tell no man, woman, or child whither thou ters of the convent, whence they soon departed for the castle of la art going, nor who has sent thee." The varlet, having promised Motte, the duke holding sir Oliver by the hand. All wiho thus saw obedience, set out, and on his arrival jt Chateau-Josselin, the guard them were pleased: indeed, the whole of Brittany was very h'appy was greatly surprised when the:y heard that the duke of Brittany had when the news of this reconciliation was made public; but greati) ssnt him to speak with their lord. Neverthel ss, they informed sir were they surprised on hearing how it had been brought about. Oliver of his coming, who ordered him into his presence: on his en- John of Blois, count de Penthevrwe, was no loser by this peace trance, he delivered his message and the letter. The lord de Clisson on the contrary, his revenue was augmented twenty thousand golden examined the private signet of the duke, which he knew well, opened crowns of France, well and legally assigned to him antid his heirs. the letter, and read it two or three times over, and was much aston- To confirm and strengthen this peace, a marriage was concluded ished, during the perusal, at the affectionate and friendly terms it was between the son of John of' Blois, atnd a daughter of the duke of Brit. written in. After musing some time, he told the varlet he would con. tany; so that those who looked for a oontinuance of war were dis. sider his answer, and ordered him to be conducted to an apartment by appointed. When intelligence of these transactiomms reached France himself. and England, it caused very great surprise.'e The attendants of the lord de Clisson were confounded at what You have before had it related how sir Peter de Craon incurred they saw and heard; for never before had any one come from the the indignation of the king of France and the duke of Touraine, fot duke of Brittany who had not been instantly put to death, or confined his attempt to murder the constable of France, sir Oliver de Clisson, in the deepest dungeon. When sir Oliverhad retired to his chamber, as he was returning to his hbtel in the night time from the king's his thoughts were occupied with the contents of the letter, and his palace; and that, from the duke of Brittany having supported and hatred to the duke was extinguished, from the submissive and affec- given him an asylum, the king of Franice had declared war against tionate manner in which he had written to him: he said to himself, him, which he would have carried into effect had he not been sodthat he would prove him, and see if he were really in earnest; for denly taken ill between Mans and Angers, when on his mtarch to ihe could not venture to go to him merely on the faith of his letter, Brittany: but this melancholy event caused tihe expedition to be put tnd, if any accident happened to him he would be pitied by none. atn end to, the army disbanded, and every man to return to Ihis own He determined, therefore, that if the duke would send his son as an homre. You have also heard how the dukes of Berry and Burgundy nostage, he would come to him when and where he pleased, but not took up this business, and showed great hatred to those who ihad otherwise. He wrote a very friendly answer, and the conclusion advised the king to this expedition against Brittany, such as the lord,vas, that if he wished to see him, he must send his son as his pledge, de Clisson, the lord de la Riviere, sir John le Mercier, Mtontagu, who would be taken the greatest care of until his return. This letter and others, whom they made suffer severely for it; for these two was sealed and given to the vanlet, who hastemed back to the duke dukes had the sovereign government of the kingdom during the ill, at Vannes, where he was impatiently expecting him. On receiving ness of the king. You have likewise heard of the inveterate war the letter from sir Oliver, he instantly read it; having paused a that was carried on between the duke of B3rittany and sir Oliver do moment, he said, "I will do it; for, since I mean to treat amicably Clisson, and of their reconciliation; as well as of the deliverance of with him, every cause of distrust must be removed." He wrote to the lord de la Riviere, sir John le Mercier, and Montagu, from their the viscount de Rohan, who resided at his castle of Caire, in the confinements. Montagu had not so many difficulties to encounter neighborhood of Vannes, to come to him. The viscount, on the as the other two; for, the instant the king recovered his health, he receipt of the duke's letter, waited on him, and he then explained would have Montage near his person, and assisted to unalke his his intentions, by saying, "Viscount, you and the lord de Monboucher excuses for several charges that had been laid against him. You shall carry my son to Chateau.Josselin, and bring back with you the must know, however, that this disorder of the king, and many of the lord de Clisson, for I am determined to make up our quarrel." The like kind that followed, (for he had several relapses, to the great sorviscount replied, that with joy he would obey him. 5 When the duke of Brittany and the lord de Clsson were reconciled, they named It was not many days after, that the viscount de Rohan, the lord commissioners to put their agreement into a legal form; and, according to the historian de Monboucher, and sir Yves de Tegre, carried the boy, who might of Brittany often quoted, these lawyers met at Auctbr, near Redon, tihe 19th October. be about seven years old, to Chateau.Jossepin, where they were hand- 1395. Te principal articles of tihe treaty were, that the duke should assign over to tie count de Penthievre the lordships of Chateauneufdu Fose, Vhelgouet, Gourien, Dualit, sosnely end honorably received by sir Oliver de Clisson. When he Clhate.ulin in Cornuaille, Lannion and Chlteaulin sur Trieuc, fbr tihe yearly paytteent saw the boy, and this proof of confidence from the duke, he was of eigmt thommsand mivres; that the duke might take bacit these latis when hie pleased, much affected. The three knights also said, "You see, sir, how well on giving others of like value in Brittany or France; that the count should pay.)tininclined the duke is to you: lie now bears you nothing but the sin. dience to the duke, notwithstanding tite demolition of the castle of Tongumedor, time restoration of which he could never insist on; that the lord de Clisson would acknowcerest affection." "I am at present convinced of it," replied sir Oliedge the duke for his lord, but to have liberty, during four years, to appear personally ver; "and, since he makes such advances, I will not be behindhand, or by proxy; that all lands that had been seizen by each side during the war should be but pmmt myself under his obedience. I know not if to you, who are restored to their respective owners. This treaty was sealed tnd sworn to by the lord de iso nearly related to him, and in whom he has such trist as to confide Ciisson, at thong, tie 20th October. The count do Penthievre swore to it five daysafto at Guingamp, in the presence of the viscount de Fou and Henri de Juck, chambemia8 his son and heir, to bring and leave here as an hostage s'til my return, to thedduke. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 07' row and alarm of France,) greatly weakened his power; and his will Hungary, as he had a strong wish for it. When he made this re. was so little attended to, that the three above-named persons, or two quest, there were with the duke sir Guy and sir William de la Tr6. of them at least, very narrowly escaped death mouille, sir James de Vergy, and otherknights, who, taking part n Sir Peter de Craon, hearing of the miserable state of the king and the conversation, said; " My lord, what John of Burgundy asks is kingdom of France, far fromr being sorry, was much rejoiced, and very.reasonable, for it is time he should receive the order of knight. made the strongest entreaties that he might be restored to the king's hood; and he cannot more honorably receive it, than when march favor, and allowed to return to the court of France. His negotiators ing against the enemies of GOD and our faith. In case the king intend were the duke of Burgundy and sir Guy de la Tr(mouille, who would to send assistance to Hungary, whom can he so properly appoint as too easily have succeeded had not the duke of Orleans strenuously a leader, as his cousin-german, your son? and you will see that opposed it. He prevented any treaty being made in favor of sir Peter many Iknights will join his company to advance their name." The de Craon, as long as the war continued between the duke of Brittany dulke replied; "You speak to the purpose, and we have no inclina. and the lord de Clisson; but, when they were reconciled, his hatred fion to check the ardor of our son; but we must first talk to the king, against sir Peter was much softened. At this period, the queen of and hear what he shall say." The subject then dropped; but it was Naples and Jerusalem, widow of the late duke of Anjou, was prose.- not long before the duke mentioned it to the king, who instantly cuting sir Peter de Craon, in the courts of justice at Paris, for the complied, saying, he woulddo well to go thither; and, if he was in restitution of one hundred thousand francs, a sum she claimed as earnest, he not only gave his consent, but would appoint him comdue to her late lord; and for that reason, and to attend the more to mander.in-chief of the expedition. her affairs, she resided privately in Paris. Sir Peter found himself It was published in Paris and elsewhere, that John of Burgundy very disagreeably situated: he was fearful of the decision of the par- was to lead a large body of men-at-arms into Hungary, to oppose the tiament, for the lady was of great personal weight, and had proved force of Bajazet;*' that, when this was done, he was to advance to from whom, during the life of the duke of Anjou, he had received Constantinople, cross the Hellespont, enter Syria, gain the Holy Land, this sum, and for which as she maintained, he had never accounted. and deliver Jerusalem and the holy sepulchre from the hands of the He was ill at ease on this account, and besides knew he had incurred infidels, and the bondage of the sultan. Knights and squires began the disgrace of the king and the duke of Orleans. The duke and now to collect together, with other gentlemen who were desirous of duchess of Burgundy comforted him as well as they could; and he renown. The duke of Burgundy, on the appointment of his son to was allowed to come to Paris privately, where he remained, during the chief command, paid greater attention than before to the Hun. the greater part of his residence, at the h6tel d'Artois, under the pro- garian embassadors, who, perceiving the good-will of the king of tection of the duchess of Burgundy. France and the nation, were well pleased, and took leave of the king, the dukes of Orleans, Berry, Burgundy, the lord Philip d'Artois, count d'Eu, and constable of France, the count de la Marche, and the other barons, on their departure for their own country, where the king of C H AP T E R L X I X. Hungary was greatly delighted with the news they brought. In THE KING OF HUNGARItY WRITES TO THE rING OF FRANCE HIS SITUATION consequence of this, he gave orders for large stores of provision to be IN RESPECT TO THE SULTAN BAJAZET. JOHN OF BURGUNDY, ELDEST SON provided against the arrival of the French: a'nd sent messengers to TO THE DUKE OF BURCGUN)DY, MARCHES, AS COMM'ANDER-IN-CIIIEF, AN his brother, the king of Germany, and his cousin, the duke of Austria, ARMY TO TmuE SUCCOR OF THE HUNGARIANS. for all the passes in their territories to be thrown open, as it would of Hungary wrote very affection- be necessary for them to march that way: he likewise ordered plenty ~ABn~OUT this time, S0i~imond king o ugr otof provision to be ready prepared, on the road they were to come. ate letters to the king of France, which he sent by a bishop and two He sent also information of the expected assistance from France to of his knights. The contents of these letters related to the threats of the grand-master of the Teutonic order, and to the knights of Rhodes, the grand-master of the Teutonic order, and to the knights of Rhodes, Bajazet, and his boastings to the king of Hungary, of carrying the war that they might be ready to meet John of Burgundy, who, in the into the midst of his realm, and thence to Rome, where his horse should eat his oats on the altar of Saint Peter. He said he would cose of this summer, would lead a thousand nights and squires, all men of valor, into Hungary, on their way to Turkey, to oppose the establish that place for the seat of his imperial government, and be me n aces of the sultan Bajazct. menaces of the sultan Baj azet. attended by the emperor of Constantinople and all the principal While the news of this expedition was the matter of conversation barons of Greece: each of whom should follow their own laws, for everywhere, the lord de Coucy returned from the frontiers of Genoa. that he would only reserve to himself his authority as their lord para- where he had been upward of a year negotiating with the Genoese. mount. The king of Hungary entreated the king of France to listen to his distress; nd make it public throuhout Frnce and other Some of the leadin men in that city had informed the duke of Or tohi sths ald man i t t mne d o leans, that persons composing the gwemnment of Genoa were desi. countries, that all knights and squires might be moved to provide countries, knght sques migt be o e rous of having for their duke one of the blood-royal of France, and, themselves with every necessary for a journey to Hungary, to oppose as he had married the daughter of the duke of ilan, it would be the sultan Bajazet, and prevent holy Christendom from being oppressed as he had married the daughter of the duke of lla, it would be or violated by him, and that his vain boastings might be annihilated. very suitable for him. In consequence of this, the lord de Concy had in thes letters passed through Savoy and Piedmont, with the consent of the count Many afiectionate expressions were, contained in these letters, such de Savoye and the Savoyards, accompanied by three hundred lances as kings and cousins are accustomed to write to each other in cases and five hundred cross-bows. Having obtained leave from the duke of necessity. Those who brought them were men of rank and under- of Milan, he continued his journey from Asti in Piedmont to a town standing, and acquitted themselves so well, that king Charles was called Alexandria, and thence to the ontiers of Genoa, to enter into t:1 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~called Alexandria, and thence to the fi'ontiers of Genoa, to enter into much inclined to their request; and the propositions from king Rich- negotiations with te Genoese, and learn more plainly their intentions. negotiations with the Genoese, and learn more plainly their intentions. ard for the marriage of his daughter prospered the more, and were By force he could do nothing, unless he were very superior to the sooner agreed to, than if this intelligence from Hungarv had not ar- Genoese which was not the case. When the lord de Coucy had n - ~~~~~~Genoese, which was not the case. When the lord de Coney had rived in France; for, as king of France and eldest son ot the church, entered the territories of Genoa, which ae not easy to conque, if 0 entered ~~~~~~~~the territories of Genoa, which are not easy to conquers, if he was very desirous of providing a remedy for the evils that threat- the inhabitants have any disposition to defend them; some of those ened it. The subject of these letters was soon made public, both at lords who had sent the information to the duke of Orleans, and had homse and abroad, to move the hearts of gentlemen, knights, and been the cause of his coming, waited on him, and with many friendly squires, who were desirous to travel in search of glory. At the time this Came to Paris, there were withexpressions welcomed him to their country, and offered him their At the time this news came to Paris, there were with the king the castles. But the lord de Coucy was as prudent as valiant, and being duke and duchess of Burgundy, their eldest son, John of Burgundy well acquainted with the character of the Lombards and Genoese, count de Nevers, who was not then a knight, sir Guy, and sir Wil- was unwilling to trust too much to their offers and omises. owliam de la Trmouille, sir John de Vienne, admiral of France, with ever, he received them kindly, and treated them fairly by words; for other great barons. It was proposed, therefore, at the h6tel of the although there were many conferences between them, they were held although there were many conferences between them, they were held duke of Burgundy, who was eager to send assistance to Hungary, in the open fields, and not in any house or castle; but the more he that his son, the count de Nevers, should undertake an expedition negotiated the less he gained. The Genoese showed him every to. thither, as commander-in-chiefof the French and other chivalry. John ken of affection, and invited him repeatedly to come to Genoa, or to of Burgundy was a courteous and amiable youth of twenty-two years Porto Venere, but the lord de Coucy would neverput himself in their old, greatly beloved by the knights and squires of Burgundy, and in- power. The issue of his negotiation was unsuccessful; and when it de-ed by all who were acquainted with him. He had married a pru-dpoe.Teisefhsngtainwsuscesuladwent deed by who were acquainted with him. He had mard a pr-was found he could not do anything, having regularly written to the dent lady, the daughter of duke Albert of Bavaria, count of Hainault, duke of Orleans respecting the state of affairs, he was remanded to Holland and Zealand, who had brought him two children, whom, in Paris, at the time when the expedition to Hungary was in agitation. due season, he looked to ally nobly. It was hinted to him, to know The duke and duchess of Burgundy were happy at his return, and, what he would say, that' perhaps the king of France might select him, sending for him to the hbtel d'Artols, addressed him in the most to lead a boty of men-at-arms to the assistance of the king of Hun- amiable manner as follows: "Lord de Coucy, we have the highest gary. He replied, "that if it were agreeable to his lord the king, opinion of your understanding, valor, and prudence; and as we have and his lord and father, he would cheerfully accept of this command, made John our son and heir undertake the command of an expedi. which came very opportunely, as he had a great desire to gain re- tion, which we hope will turn out to the honor of GoD and Christen. nown." "Sir," answered those to whom he had addressed himself, dom; knowing that you, of all the knights of France, are the best "' speak first to your father, and learn whether he be willing that you informed of warlike affairs, we beg and entreat most earnestly that go, and if he wvill talk to the king on the subject; for without their you would be the counsellor and companion of our son in this expedi consent nothing could be done." It was not long after this, that John of Burgundy spoke to the duke tion; for which we shall be so greatly obliged, that we will return it his father, requesting humbly his consent to go on the expedition to The T'rtks were already in possession of some parts of reece. 576 )-CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. by serving you or yours to the utmost of our power." The lord de many knights and squires in IHainault who will eagerly go with me.:' Coucy replied: " My lord, and you madam, what you request is to Duke Albert replied, like one who had well weighed the subject; me an order. I will surely be of this expedition, if it please GoD, for "William, since thou hast so great a desire to travel, and to seek for two reasons: first from devotion, and to defend the faith of JEsus deeds of arms in Hungary and Turkey, against a people and country CHRIST; secondly, from the honor you do me, by giving me the who have never done us any wrong, it must be caused by vain-glory charge of advising my lord John your son. I shall therefore obey, alone, for thou hast not a shadow of reason to induce thee to go and acquit myself in all respects to the best of my abilities. But, thither. Let John of Burgundy and our cousins of France perform my dlear lord, and you my very dear lady, you may readily excuse their enterprise, and do thou undertake one that more nearly touches me from this weight, and lay it on the lord Philip d'Artois, constable us. March to Friesland, and conquer back that country, which was of France, and on the count de la Marche; for they are nearly re- our inheritance; for the Frieslanders have, by rebellion, withdrawn lated to him, and intend to form a part of the expedition." The duke themselves from our obedience; and, if thou undertake this, I will answered, "Lord de Coucy, you have seen much more than either assist thee." This speech from his father was very agreeable to the of them, and know more of war than our cousins of Eu and de la count d'Ostrevant, and raised his spirit: he answered, "My lord, Marche; and we entreat you to comply with our request." "My you say well; and, if it be your opinion I should undertake such an lord," said the lord de Coucy, "your words are commands; and I expedition, I will do so heartily." By little and little, the matter will do as you require, since it is your pleasure, with the aid of sir was so long talked over between the father and son, that the invasion Guy de la Tr6mouille, his brother sir William, and sir John de Vienne of Friesland was agreed upon; and a circumstance I shall relate admiral of France." The duke and duchess were well pleased with greatly helped him in this matter. this answer. The count d'Ostrevant had at that time, for his principal adviser, The lords of France made vast preparations for their expedition to a squire of Hainault, called Fier-a.bras, or the bastard of Vertain. Hungary, and solicited the company and service of different barons, HIe was equal in prudence as in arms, so that when the count told him knights, and squires. Such as were not asked, and had a wish to go what his father had said, he replied, "Sir, my lord your father gives thither, made application to the count d'Eu, constable of France, the you excellent advice. It will be more for your honor to undertake count de la Marche or the lord de Coucy, that they would, take them this expedition than to join that to Hungary; and, when you begin in their company. Some were accepted: but those who were not, your preparations for it, you will find plenty of knights and squires considering the great distance Hungary and Turkey were from in Hainault and elsewhere, ready to accompany and assist you. - But France, greatly cooled in their ardor; for, as they were not retained, I if you really are in earnest to undertake it, I would recommend that they were not sufficiently wealthy to perform the journey with credit you first go to England, to make known your intentions to the knights to themselves. Nothing was spared in the preparations for the young and squires of that country; and to entreat the king of England, John of Biurgundy, with regard to horses, armor, enmblazonments, your cousin, that he would permit you to retain knights, squires, and dresses, silver and gold plate, and the duke's officers were fully em-c archers, and allow them to accept of your pay, and to accompany ployed in the business. Large sums of florins were given to the se'.m you from England. The English are men of valor: if you succeed vents of John of Burgundy, who paid them to the different workmen in obtaining their assistance, you will go far to be successful; and as they finished and brought hosn;e their works. The barons, knights, if you can prevail on your cousin, the earl of Derby, to take part and and squires, to do him honor, exerted themselves to make their equip- come with you, there wilt be still greater chances of success, and ments as handsome as possible. your enterprise will gain more renown." The count d'Ostrevant in. The lord Philip d'Artois, count d'Eu, made magnificent prepare- dclined to the council of Fier-a-bras de Vertain, for he thought it tions; for lie was determined to march thither as constable of France; good; and, when he spoke of it to the lord de Gomegines, ihe like. and the king, who much loved him, assisted him with money, and wise agreed to it, as did all who were friends to the count. News he acted in the same manner with respect to the lord Boucicaut, mar-. of this was whispered throughout Hainault, and a proclamation soon ~hal of France. The duke of Burgundy, considering that this expedi- after issued, to prohibit all knights and squires from quitting the tion would dost him very large sums, and that the state of his wife, country, to form part of any expedition to Hungary or elsewhere, for himself, and his son Anthony, ought not to be any way dimiinished, that the count d'Ostrevant heeded their services, and would, tlhis bethought himself of a tax he had in reserve, in order to find a supply summer, lead them against Frieslaud. of money for these expenses. He had received from cities and towns We wiil, for a while, leave this matter, and speak of others that in Burgundy, as the usual tax on his eldest son receiving the order were in greater forwardness. of knighthood, six score thousand golden crowns: but his additional tax was laid on all knights who held fiefs firom him, to attend his son into Hungary, or compound in money. Some were taxed at one CH APTER L XXI. thlousand livres, others at two thousand; some at five hundred; each according to his wealth, or the value of' the lands. Ladies and an- JOHN of BURGUNDY, COUNT OF NEVERS, IEADS AN ARMY INTO HUNGARY cient knights, who were unfit or disabled to undertake such an ex- AGAINST THEI TURKS. THE NEGOTIATIONS FOR THtE MARRIAGE OF ItING' pedinion, paid compositions at the duke's pleasure. The young RICHARD' OF ENCGLAND WITH THE ELDEST PRINCESS OF FRANCE ARE CONknights and squires were exempted paying, for they were told,'"My TINUED. lord does not want your money: you must accompany the lord John THE knights and squires in different countries were all alive at the at your own cost and charges." Of this last tax, the duke of Bu wrs t-at seeed liely to take place ioppsite quarters: some t), ~~~~~~~~wars that seemed likely to take place in,., opposite quarters: some gundy received from tse gentlemen of his ducsy sixty thousand made themselves ready for the expedition t6 Hungary; others for that crowns, for none were exempted. C ~rowns, for none were exempted. to Friesland: and whenever they met they conversed on these sub. jects. The count de Nevers was prepared; and all those knights had been enrolled who were to be under his charges, and to accomr C H A P T E1 R L X X. pany nlrm. ThIe purveyances were very considerable and well atTHE ~ ~~~COUAP'OTREAT RTER-INLAXy TOn nOni. re vURUNrv coi THE COUNT'OSTREVANT, ROTR-INLA TO JON OF URGUND, R ranged; and, as the honor of the expedition was given to him, he made TH ONT- DESOUS TOEAT M ARCTHERI TO JHN FBRUNDYR, BSADIED BHI'r TO NG DESOUS TO MARCH TO UNARY, IS ADVISED B IS FHE TO handsome presents to his knights and squires, and gave them many ATTEMPT, IN PREFERENCE, THE RE-CONqUEST OF FRIESLAND. wHmIn stores; for, as the journey was long and expensive, it was but proper BELONGED TO THEM. the men-at-arms should be aided to support them. In like manner did other lords act; such as the constable of France, the count de la NErws of this expedition to iHungary was spread far and near. On Marche, tile lords Philip and Henry de Bar, the lord de Coucy, sir its being announced in Ilainault, knights and squires, eager for re- Guy de la Tr6mouille, sir John de Vienne admiral of France, Bounnown, assembled together, and said; "It would not be amiss if our cicaut marshal of France, sir Reginald de Roye, the lords de St. Pol, lord of Hainault, who is young and promising, were to accompany de Montisorel, de Saint Py, the haze de Flanders, sir Louis de Brez6, his brother-in-law, the count de Nevers, in this expedition; and, his brother, and the borgne de Monquel, with many more; for they should it take place, we must not fail to attend him." Tie count amounted to one thousand knights and as many squires, all men of d'Ostrevant resided in Quesnoy at the time such conversations were tried courage and enterprise. held, and was informed what his knights and squires said. This They left their homes about the middle of March, and advanced made him the more willing to accompany Ihis brother-in-law, having in good array by companies. They found all the roads open to them, before had such intentions. Whenever the subject was mentioned for the king of Germany had commanded that his country and Bohe. in his presence, lie dissembled his real thoughts, by saying little about mia should afford them every firiendly assistance to supply their wants, it, meaning to consult his lord and fathler, duke Albert of Bavaria, and that the prices of provision should on no account be raised. Thus count of Hainault, how he would advise him to act. did these lords of France march to the assistance of theking of Hun. It was not many days before he set out to visit thIe duke and gary, whose army wasto ave a pitched battle against that of Bajazet, duhess of Bavaria at the Hague, where they lived. He addressed om the aOth day of the ensuing month of May. They passed Lor. his father: "My lord, it is currently reported that my brother-in.law rain, the counties of Bar and Montbelliard, the duchy of Burgundy, of Nevers has undertaken an expedition to Hungary, and thence to and entering Aussais,li traversed that whole country, and, having Turkey, against the sultan Bajazet. There must be grand deeds of crossed the Rhine ims many places, marched through the county of arms performed; and at thlis mnoment I am perfectly idle, knowing Ferrette and ente'ed Austria. This is an extensive and wild country, not whither to bear arms: I wish to learn your intentions, if it would with difficult passes; but they advanced with so good an inclination, be agreeable to you that I should accompany my brother-in-law on that they did not suffer from the labor and fatigue. The chief con. this honorable expedition, with one hundred of our chivalry. My lord and lady of Burgundy will thank me for so doing; and there are Ia the year 1396. —ED. t Alaace. —Ea CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN. &c. 577 versatioll of the French lords was concerning the power of the Turks, and uncles, for he was a knight perfectly well versed in all such cere. whichli they seemed to make very light of. monies. The duke of Austria gave the French lords a handsome reception; The day was fixed for the parliament to decide on the queen of but he was particularly attentive to John of Burgundy, for the lord Naples' complaints: the sentence had before been determined upon, Otho, eldes4-t son to the duke, had espoused Mary of Burgundy, his and waited solely for the appearance of all parties concerned. A sister.* All these French lords were to assemble at a city called great number of the nobility attended, that it might have more au. Buda, in -Iungary. Let us return to the affairs of France. thenticity; among whom were the queen of Sicily and.Jerusalem, You have before heard that the king of England had sent as embassa- duchess of Anjou and countess of Provence, her son Charles, prince dors to the king of France, to conclude a marriage between him and his I of Tarentum, and John of Blois, more commonly called John of Brit. daughter Isabella, the archbishop of Dublin, the bishop of St. David's, tany, count de Penthievre and Limoges, the dukes of Orleans, Berry, the earl nmarshal, the earl of Rutland, son to the duke of York, sir Henry Burgundy, and Bourbon, the count de Brianne and the bishop of Laon, Clifford, the lord Beaumont, the lord Despencer, sir John de Robesart, I whom the queen had brought before the court on the subject of her and several more. They had succeeded well in the business, and claim on the county of Roussy. Sir Peter de Craon was likewise the French king made them welcome, as did his uncles and council. there, attended by many of his relations and firiends. The embassadors returnec! to England in high spirits, and gave the The matter of the county of Roussy was first disposed of; and the king great hopes that his wishes would be gratified. King Richard judgment of the court was solemnly pronounced, that the county was not idle in the business, but during the following winter, fre- should belong to the count de Brianne, and to his heirs, who quently reminded the king and council of France of it, who were far was to have immediate possession given him; but the queen of from being adverse, for they considered it as one of the surest means Naples was to be repaid in money the full amount of what her late to put an end to the wars which-had lasted so long between France lord, the duke of Anjou, had given to the countess of Roussy, lately and England. The treaty was carried on with eagerness and friend- deceased. The heirs 0f the countess of Roussy, to whom the lands ship on both sides; and the king of England promised, from the belonged, thanked the court for the judgment they had given. The power he had over his subjects, that there should be peace between president, who was to declare the sentence in the second cause, now the two countries. To conclude the business, the earl of Rutland rose, and said, "the parliament had determined that sir Peter de Craon and the earl marshal, were again sent to Paris. They were lodged was indebted to the queen of Naples in the sum of one hundred thou.'. at the Croix du Tiroir, and, with their attendants, occupied the whole sand francs, which he must pay to her, or be conlmitted to prison of that street, and part of another: they were full six hundred horse,t until it was done completely to her satisfaction." The queen thanked and remained in Paris upward of three weeks, supplied with every. the court for their judgment, and, instantly, on her request, sir Peter thing from the king of France. de Craon was arrested, in the king's name, and carried to the prison of the Louvre, where he was confined and well guarded. Upon this, the parliament broke up, and every one returned to his home. Thus CHAPTER LXXII. were these two sentences given, through the activity of the duchess of Anjou. THIIE QUEEN OF NAPLES, WIDOW TO THE LATE DUKE OF ANJOU, OBTAINS JUDGMENT IN PARLIAMENT AGAINST SIR PETER DE CriAON. CHAPT R LXX. C HA PT E: t L XX I II. DURING the time these embassadors were at Paris negotiating the OF ENGLAND marriage of the king of England, the dowager queen of Naples was THE MARRIAGE IS CONCUDED BETWEEN IING RICHARD OF ENGLAND AND THE; LADY ISABELLA, ELDEST DAUG-H-TER TO C'IARLES VI. KINGr OF also there, busily employed in her own concerns, for she was a lady of AND THE LADY ISABELLA, EEST DAUGHTER TO CHARLES I. KING OF great activity. Her business at that time was before the parliament, FRANCE. THE DUKE OF LANCASTER MARRIES ACAtN. sIR PETER DE where she was pleading two causes: one for th& inheritance of the CRAON IS, AFTER SOME TIME, DELIVERED FROM PRISON, AT THE county of Roussy against the count de Brianne; for the late duke of An- ENTREATY OF THE OUNG QUEEN OF ENGLAND. jou, her lord, had bought and paid for it to a lady who was countess de THs earl marshal, the earl of Rutland, and the English embassa... Roussy, some time wife to sir Louis de Namur, from whom she was dors remained for twenty-two days in Paris, where they were excel. divorced. The other was against sir Peter de Craon, fromn whom lently well entertained by the king and his court; their negotiaticns she claimed the sum of one hundred thousand francs, and which she were successful, and the marriage between the kin of E ld wrsu cesIsabellan watgee n he warrag betweenth ed king fElld proved he had received for and in the name of her late lord the and the princess Isabella was agreed on. She was betrothed and king of Naples, Sicily, and Jerusalem, on condition to pay the same espoused by the earl marshal, as proxy for the king of England, and to him in la Puglia; but, when he was informed of the king of Naples' the lady, ever after, was styled queen of England. I was at the death, he no longer continued his journey but returned to France, mak- time told it was pleasant to see that, young as she was, she knew ing use of the above-mentioned sum to his own profit, without render- well how to act the queen. When this business was completed, and ing any account of it to the queen of Naples, nor to her two children the di]lerent treaties signed and sealed, the embassadors took their Lewis and Charles, but dissipating it in folly and extravagance. This leave of the king and his court, and departed firom Paris to Calais, was the cause, as the queen of Naples said, of the loss of that king- on. their return to England, where they were joyfully received by the dom, which was regained by Margaret Durazzo and the heirs of sir king, the duke of Lancaster, and the lords attached to the king's per. Charles Durazzo; for the soldiers of her late lord, who were aiding son and pleasures. her to continue the war in Calabria and la Puglia, deserted her for However much others might be pleased, it was not so with the want of pay: many had turned to the count de St. Severino and to duke of Gloucester; for he saw plainly that by this marriage peace - Margaret Durazzo, and others had retired from the war. would be established between the two kingdoms, which sorely disAll these matters were pleaded in the courts of the parliament at pleased him, unless it should be such a peace as would redound tc Paris,forupwardof three years; although sirPeterdeCraonwas absent, the honor of England, and everything were placed on the same foot.. his advocates defended him well. They said, that in regard to the sum ing as when the war broke out in Gascony. He frequently conversed. of one hundred thousand francs which he was charged with having on this subject with his brother the duke of Yorkr, and, whenever the received in the name of the king of Naples, that king was indebted occasion was favorable, endeavored to draw him over to his way of to himl as much, if not more, for the great and noble services he had thinking, for he was but of weak understanding. He dared not speak:. rendered him. Notwithstanding the length of time this cause lasted, so freely to his elder brother of Lancaster, who was of the king's; it was impossible to put off for ever its conclusion; and the lady was party, and well satisfied with this marriage, on account of his twe;m very urgent that judgment should be given by the parliament. The daughters the queens of Castille and Portugal. At this period, the judges, having considered the matter well, declared they would give duke of Lancaster married his third wife, the daughter of a Hain_.. no judgment until both parties were personally before them. This ault knight, called sir Paon de Rnuet: he had formerly been one of - was then difficult to accomplish, from the disgrace sir Peter de Craon the knights to the good andi noble queen Philippa of England, who, was in with the king and the duke of Orleans, for his attempt to much loved the Hainaulters, as she was herself of that country. assassinate the constable. The lady, finding nothing would be done This lady whom the duke of Lancaster married was called Cath.-. unlitil sir Peter was before the court, perfectly friee from every other erine,* and in her youth had been of the household of the duchess, chnarge except what she accused him of, and with full liberty to go Blanche of Lancaster. Before the lady Blanche's death, and even,, anywhere in France, exerted herself greatly to obtain this for him, when the duke was married to his second wife Constance, the that an end might be put to her suit. Her solicitations with the king, daughter of don Pedro, he cohabited with the lady Catherine de the duke of Orleans, the count de Penthievre, sir John Harpedane Ruet who was then married to an English knight now dead.t and others, who had any complaints against himn, were successful, The duke of Lancaster had three children: by her, previous to his: and lie was acquitted of aill other charges. I know not whether it marriage, two sons and a daughter: the eldest son was named John car.penod through dissilnslation or otherwise, but he was shown lord Beaufort of Lancaester the other Thomas, whom the duke kept:at: great Iltention and kindness by tie nobles and ladies of France until the schools in Oxford, and made a great churchman and civilian. IHe the time when judgment was to be given. He kept up as great state was afterwards bishop of Lincoln, which is the richest bishopricin at I'aris as ever he had done, and was appointed to receive the Elng. the kingdom: from nhihction to these children, the duke married.glish enibassadors, and to introduce them to the king, his brother, their mother, to the great astonishment of France and England, for, * There is a mist, ke here. Leoplsd IV., dtuke of Austria, married f:atmerine, not * Catterine Swynafirm. —ED. t Sir Hugh Swyanftbrd. Mary, daugtter of Phiihppe le Hanrdi, nd sister of Jean-sans-peur, tIe leader of this Z Frmissirt miistnkes in tIme numher, mind Thomnts fimr Henry. Accordiag t(o Sandfor~-: erpediaon. —Eu. tIm hmd four chimldren by Catherine Smyt.fberd: John Beaufort, earl of Somerset —htenr~s l The monk of St. Denis says tlhat -heir numbers were more than twelve hundred. Six JelauLijrt, bishop of X-Vinchlester aid cardinal of Bt.ufbrt —Thomnias Be.fort, duke e~ hunored Ihorsemnen. with their mttemidants o1 fror, las was customary,) would amaui t Exeter anmd earl,f Dorset —Joan Bs:mu~frt. countess of Westmoreland. to that numoner. —E. Par further parntmulars, sem Sanmdtbrd and Dumdahl. 578 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. Catherine Swynford was of base extraction in comparison to his two gary, on this, sent some Hungarians who were used to arms, and formnner duchesses Blanche and Constance. When this marriage was well, acquainted with the country, beyond the Danube, but they announced to the ladies of high rank in England, such as the duchess were as unsuccessful as his former scouts, in not meeting Bajazetof Gloucester, the countess of Derby, the countess of Arundel, and they heard that he was still in Asia, at Damascus, Antioch, or Alex. others connected.with the royal family, they were greatly shocked, andria. The king, on receiving this information, called a council of and thought the duke much to blame. They said," he had sadly dis. his lords, and those who were come from France, who were eager graced himself by thus marrying his concubine;" and added, that, to signalize themselves, to consider how they should act in this emer. "since it was so, she would be the second lady in the kingdom, and gency. The king told them that he had sent some expert men.at. the queen would be dishonorably accompanied by her; but that, for arms to seek Bajazet, who had advanced far into Turkey; and that their parts, they would leave her to do the honors alone, for they there was no appearance Bajazet would this summer put thile menace would never enter any place where she was. They themselves into execution, of crossing the Danube to offer him battle. The king would be disgraced if they suffered such a base-born duchess, who wished to have advice on this matter, more especially from the French had been the duke's concu::ine a long time before and during his lords. The lord de Coucy having consulted with the other barons, marriages, to take precedence, and their hearts would burst with grief answered for them, that if Bajazet should have told lies, and deceived were it to happen." Those who were the most outrageous on the them by not keeping his word, they ought not for that to remain idle, subject were the duke and duchess of Gloucester. They considered but attempt some deeds of arms, since they were come thither to the duke of Lancaster as a doating fool for thus marrying his concu- that effect; that all the French, Germans, and other foreigners, were bine, and declared they would never honor his lady by calling her willing to meet the Turks; and if under the command of Bajazet so sister. The duke of York made light of the matter, for he lived much the better, as it would redound more to their honor. What chiefly with the king and his brother of Lancaster. The duke of the lord de Coucy said was approved of by the French, Germans, Gloucester was of a different way of thinking: although the young- Bohemians, and others, as the most advantageous manner of employest of the three brothers, lie yielded to no man's opinion, was naturally ing the season. very proud and overbearing, and in opposition to the king's ministers, Orders were, in consequence, issued by the king and marshals, unless he could turn them as he willed. Catherine Ruet, however, that every one be prepared by' a certain day, which was appointed on remained duchess of Lancaster, and the second lady in England, as the octave of Saint John the Baptist, to march for Turkey. These long as she lived. She was a lady accustomed to honors, for she had orders were punctually obeyed; and you would have seen servants been brought up at court during her youth, and the duke fondly loved busily employed in preparing all things for their masters' wants. The the children he hiad by her, as he showed during his life and at his death. lords of France were desirous of making a handsome figure, and exI must mention, that when the sentence of the court of parliament amined well their armor and equipages, sparing no money to have at Paris had been pronounced against sir Peter do Craon in favor of them as complete as possible. Their appearance was grandly mag. the queen of Naples, hlie was confounded. Finding that he must nificent, when they took the field from Buda, the principal city of refund the one hundred thousand francs or remnain his whole life in Hungary. The constable of Hungary had the command of the van prison, he listened to the council that was given him firom the duke division, because he knew the country well, and led with him a large and duchess of Burgundy. They advised him to solicit the young body of Hungarians and Germans. Next to him marched the French queen of England to intercede with the queen of Naples to obtain his lords, the constable of France, the count do la Marche, the lord de libetty for fifteen days only, that he might seek out his friends in Coucy, the lords Henry and Philip de Bar, and many more. Paris to pay this money, or to become his sureties until he had pro- With the king of Hungary rode the greatest barons of his realm, cured it in Brittany or elsewhere, engaging to return with the sum as was proper, and by his side John of Burgundy, who often con. he was condemned to pay. The queen of Naples complied with the versed with him. They were full sixty thousand horse: the infantry request of the queen of England, but on condition that sir Peter de were few in number, indeed none but the followers of the army..Craon should every night sleep in his prison at the Louvre. Sir Peter The array of the Christians was noble and handsome; and among,)ught for aid among his relatives in vain; for the sum was too great the Hungarians were many cross-bow men on horseback. This army t.iisr them to advance, and they refused being his sureties. At the advanced until it came to the banks of the Danube, which it crossed::nd of the fifteen days, he was forced to return to his prison, where in barges, boats, and pontoons, prepared some time since for this!. was strictly guarded day and night, and at his own proper costs. purpose. It was mrore than eight days before all had passed over; We will now speak of what actions and enterprises the count de and as they landed on the opposite shore, they lodged themselves to *fevers and the lords of France performed this summer in Hungary; wait for their companions. The Danube divides, the kingdoms of md then say something of the expedition the earl of Hainault and Hungary and Turkey. When the whole army had crossed, they earl of Ostrevant made into Fries!and. were delighted to find themselves on Turkish ground, for they were impatient to try the courage of the Turks. After a council th'ay re solved to besiege a town in Turkey called Comecte,* and made pre C H ~A ~P ~TER L x x ivparations to invest it on all sides. This could easily be done; for it is situated in an open plain, with a river deep enough to bear yes * oEN OF BuRturN)Y, COUNT OF NVEvES, PAssEs THE DANUBE. WtTU SItSrieinad nt N O URGDY COUNT OF NEVERS, PASSES THE DANUBEWIT IS sels, called the Mecte,t which rises in Turkey, and falls into the ARtMY. AFTER visaE CAPTURE OF SEVERAL PLACES, TE TOWN OP NICO Danube near the sea. This river Danube is very wide, and has P'OI. IS BEStmOED.~ more than four hundred leagues of course from its spring to the sea; ON the arrival of the count de Nevers with his army, which was it would be the most profiable o rivers to unary and the adjoin Compsedof nmbes ofvarant en rom rane an oter cun-it would be the most profitable of rivers to Hungary and the adjoin-,. coriposd of nBumbers of valiant men from France and other ty un. uing countries, if the vessels it carries could have a free passage to the te, at Bud in Hungary, the king gave them a most hearty recep sea, but that is impossible; for, right at its mouth, there is a mountion, as indeed he ought, for to serve him they were come. It tain which divides it into two parts, and chokes the passage: the ~ be; intention of the king of Hungary, before he took the field, to heintntion of the ing of Huary, before he took the field, to noise of the water is so tremendous, no vessel dares approach it, and obtain some certain intelligence of the movements of Bajazet, who it ma be heard seven leues off. On both sides of the iver Mect it may be hoard seven leagues off. On both sides of the river Mecte had given him notice since last February to increase his forces, as he are fertile meads, to the great advantage of the inhabitants, and vine. would in the course of the month of May lead an immense army to yards, which in favorable seasons produce good wines. The Turks,?~ross the Danube and offer comnbat to the Hungarians. Many woncross Dnue id offer cobat to the Hungarians. Many won vintage' them, and, when made, they are put into goat-skins, and dered how this could be done; but others replied: "1Nothing was t dered hoiw this could be done; but others replied: " Nothing was sold to the Christians, for, according to their religion, they are for-.mpossible to man ~;. that as Bajazet was of great valor and enterprise, sl oteCrsinfr codn.t hi eiin hyaefr mposbe to n that as Bjazet was of great valor and enterpse, bidden to taste wine under pain of death: at least when discovered.snd had said he would do so, he would surely accomplish it; but, if so doin, they are punished; they make pleasant beverages of nany "he raifled in heis tihreat, and did not cross the Danube, we ought to' he iiled in his eatand did not cross the anube, we ought to other excellent fruits and spices, and are accustomed to drink much cross it, and enter his kingdom of Turkey. The king of Hungary of goat's mil duin the hot weather, to refresh and cool them of goat's milk, during, the hot weather, to refi'esh and cool them. could lead thither one hundred thousand men, including foreigners, The king of Hungary ercamped his army before this town with. twhich was sufficient to conquer all Turkey, ard even to advance to out opposition, for no one made any attempt to prevent the siege; nor, the'kingdorn of Persia. If we gain a victory over Bajazet, we shall Ithe'kirdorn of Persia. If we gain a victory over Bajazet, we shall was there any person or army in the place, from Bajazet, to guard or so Er0I V succeed that we may conquer Syria and the Holy Land, and defend it. On their arrival, they found the fruits ripe, which was a deliver Jerusalem out of the hands of the Sultan and the enemies of greatcomfort to them. Many attacs were made on the town, but OilyGOD Intheensingsumerthekins o FrnceandEngandgreat comfort to them. Many attacks were made on the town, but or G. In he ensuing summer, the ings of France and England they were valiantly opposed by the inhabitants, in the expectation of ~will jointly raise a large force of men-at-arms and archers; auid, when daily receiving reinforcemerts from Bajazet, their lord, to raise the theye shall be united to us, nothing will be able to withstand so pow. siege. None, however, came, and the city was taken by storni, with -'Orfu snr arurmyr." great slaughter of men, women, and children; for the Christians on Such were the conversations of the French in Hungary. When entering it spared none. Whn Comecte had thus been dstroyed, hier i numbers duringthe onth of May, looking r the arrival taken by storm, anred destroyed. They then marched to ano thdestroyedw. uf the Sancons, but no news was heard of them. Tire king of Hun- and castle called Brehappe, governed by a Turkish knibht, the lord ictln us the Danube, in Bulgaria, sixty lea.guesN'. W. from Adntitn t o f the place, who had with him a strong garrison. (fareoun ton the batute, in lisa, between Sigrsmond, king of Btungasy, and Ihsiazet. the king of Hungary encamped his Hungarians about a league ligusmuanite lst ihe battle nd nwerrty thousand men; but it cost Bajazet sixty thousatnd. -__itourkytwarthlageityofieolbu,_erehe_'rivd fho whre el deard en the field. wa"Comete" Q.Nins t"Meterd" of hM.higorn CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 5 distant from it on account of water, for there was none nearer Bre- into the town, to the joy of the inhabitants. Balachius remained it nappe; but the counts de Nevers, d'Eu, de la Marche, and the lords the castle of Brehappe, and Ruffin took the first opportunity of set de Coucy, Boucicaut, de Saimpi, de Roye, Henry and Philip de Bar, ting out, passing the Christian army in the night, for he was we] with more than a thousand French knights and squires, made their acquainted with the country, and crossed the Hellespont to learn in approaches close to the town. The count de Nevers had been telligence where Bajazet was. created a knight by the king of Hungary, on his entering Turkey; In truth, Bajazet was at Cairo with the sultan of Babylon, to solicit and, the day he displayed his banner, upward of three hundred were his aid, and there the Turk found him. When Bajazet saw him, he kni.ghted. Those who had advanced to the town won it, within four was much surprised, and imagined something extraordinary had hap. dasa, by assault; but the castle was too strong, and resisted all their pened. He called to him, and asked how things were going on in attacks. The lord of Brehappe, whose name was, I believe, Corba. Turkey. "My lord," replied he, "they are very anxious to see you, Tl Km15 M'5 WV KiNO OF HUNGARY HOLDING A COUNCIL WITH T}H FRENCH KNIGHTS. From MOS. of the 15th Century das, a very valiant man, saved many of his people within the castle. there, for the king of Hungary, with an immense force, has crossed He had three brothers, called Maladius, Balachius, and Ruffin. the Danube, and invaded the country. They have committed great After the capture of the town, the Christians were seven days before destruction, and burnt five or six of your inclosed towns: when I the castle, and attacked it many times, but they lost more than they left Brehappe, they were marching to Nicopoli. My brothers Corgained. These four brothers showed they were men of valor by the badas and Maladius have thrown themselves, with some men-at-arms, defence they made. The French lords having well considered the into the town to assist in the defence. You must know, that in this strength of the castle, and that they lost more than they won, saw army of the king of Hungary, there is a body of Frenchmen, the most plainly their attempts would be vain, and decamped, for they had gallant and best appointed that can be seen. It behoves you, there. heard the king of Hungary was desirous to lay siege to Nicopoli. fore, to summon your fiiends and vassals, and hasten to Turkey with Thus was the siege of Brehappe Castle broken up, and the garrison an army powerful enough to drive these Christians across the Danube; left in peace, but the town was burnt. The count de Nevers and the but if your force is not very considerable, you will not be able to lords of France joined the king of Hungary, who instantly prepared accomplish it." to march to Nicopoli. 6 "How many are they?" asked Bajazet. " Upward of one hunCorbadas de Brehappe was well pleased to observe the Christians dred thousand," said the Turk, "and all on horseback, armed in the marching away, and said: " We shall now be undisturbed for some best possible manner." Bajazet made no reply to this, but entered time: if my town be burnt, it will be rebuilt and recover itself: but the chamber of the sultan of Babylon, leaving the Turk, who had I am surprised that we have no news from our sultan Bajazet; for he brought this intelligence, among his people. He related what you told me, the last time I spoke with him in the city of Nicopoli, that have just heard to the sultan of Babylon, who answered, " You must he would return to this country the beginning of May. His inten- provide yourself accordingly, and shall have men enough to oppose tions were to cross the Hellespont, and Hungary. But this he has them, for we must, by all means, defend our religion and possessions." not done; and the Hungarians, greatly strengthened and emboldened " That is true,'! replied Bajazet, " and my wishes are now accom. by succors from France, have crossed the Danube and entered Tur- plished; for I was desirous that the king of Hungary would cross the key, where they will destroy all the possessions of Bajazet, for we Danube with his army and enter Turkey. At present, I shall let him have no force to oppose them. They will now for certain besiege have full scope, but in the end he shall repay me fully for what he Nicopoli, which, although sufficiently strong to hold out for some has done. It is four months since I heard of this expedition, from time, must be well defended. We are four brothers, knights, and re- my good friend the duke of Milan, who at the same time sent me lations to Bajazet: we ought, therefore, to attend to his concerns; twelve hawks and gerfhlcons, the finest I ever saw. With these and, in consequence, I propose the following plan: I and my brother presents, he wrote mne the names and surnames of the barons of Maladius will go to Nicopoli to assist in its defence; Balachius shall France who were coming to carry the war into Turkey; adding, that remain here to guard Brehappe, and Ruffin shall cross the sea and if I could capture those named in his letter, their ransoms would be hasten to find Bajazet, and inform him of everything that has hap- worth to me more- than a million of florins. Besides the barons he pened, and the great army that has invaded Turkey, that he may mentioned, there ought to be with them from France, or the neightake instant measures to prevent the dishonorable loss of his posses- boring countries, five hundred gallant squires. The duke of Milan sions, and march such a force against the Christians as may conquer advised me, if we had a battle, (which will infallibly be the case, for I them; otherwise he will not only lose Armenia that he has won, but shall march to meet them,) to draw up my men with prudence, and to his own telrritories also; for, according to appearances, the king of take every advantage in the combat; for they were all men of such Hungary and the Christians are determined to attempt his complete ability and resolution, that the meanest would not fly, to avoid death. destruction." The three Turks approved of whit their brother had They have undertaken this expedition, as the duke writes me, solely said, and promised obedience. They made preparations accordingly; through valor, to do some deeds of arms that may gain them renown. and, in the mean time, the siege was laid before Nicopoli by the For this I feel myself thankful to them; and their desire for arme 3aristian army, amounting to nearly one hundred thousand men. shall be gratified within three months from this time, when, perhapl Coebadas de Brehappe and his brother Maladius gaine I admittance theA may have more than sufficient." ~0 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. the king and his council to have one of the daughters of France for C - A P TER L X XV. wife to his son John Galeas. His proposals were listened to, be. IGRESSION FROM THE RINPA HISTORY, TO ExAIN W OHN cause they knew he was rich, and the king was distressed for money. He bought, therefore, the daughter of king John for six ExAEAO ITION INTENDE A T I TUR FORATION OF THE hundred thousand francs, which being paid to the king of England, his son married her. She brought him as her dower the county of WHAT Bajazet had told the sultan of Babylon respecting the in. Vertus in Champagne. They had a son and daughter, and the tast formation he had received from thile lord of Milan must surprise every was inarried, by dint of money, to the second son of the late king one. It was supposed he had been baptized and was regenerated in Charles V. called Lewis, who is at this momnent duke of Orleans, our faith, and yet he had sought the friendship and alliance of an in- count of Blois and of Valois. This marriage cost the count de Verfidel king, an enemy to our religion, and lhad every year sent him tus, father of the lady, one million of firancs, with part of which was presents of hounds and hawks, or the finest linen cloth that could be bought the county of Blois, as you have heard related in this history. procured at Rheims, Cambray, or in Holland, which is very agree. The two brothers lived in great friendship with each other, which able to the Saracens, who have none but what comes from our coun- increased their power; and neither pope nor cardinal, who made try. Bajazet, in return, made him rich gifts of cloth of gold and war against them, could gain any advantage, nor any prince, except precious stones, of which they have abundance; and we cannot obtain the Marquis of Montferrat, who succeeded through the aid of sir them without great risk, unless by means of the Venetians or Genoese, John Hawkwood and the English companies, whom he sought in who traffic with those parts. With regard to the count de Vertus, Provence, and led into Lombardy. duke of Milan, and the lord Galeas, his father, who reigned over the After the death of Galeas, his son John Galeas, count de Vertus, Milanese as tyrants, it is marvellous to think of their fortunes, and reigned with great power, and at the beginning was much beloved how they first gained possession of that country. in Lombardy for his prudent and wise conduct. Ile abolished the There were three brothers of the house of Visconti, sir Matthew, most oppressive taxes his father had imposed, and was so popular sir Galeas, and sir Bernabo. These three brothers had an uncle* that all spoke well of him; but when he had so far succeeded, he who was archbishop of Milan during the time the lord Charles de showed his natural disposition, which he had long restrained. He Luxembourg, king of Bohemia and Germany, was elected emperor laid an ambuscade for his uncle, sir Bernabo, who thought himself in the room of' Lewis of Bavaria, who had obtained that dignity by on the best terms with him; and, when he was taken, he was told force. He was never acknowledged emperor by the church, but, that one lord was sufficient for Lombardy. He could not obtain on the contrary, was excommunicated by pope Innocent VI., who any favor, for the power was against him, and, being carried to a then reigned. The cause of his excommunication was, that after castle, was put to death, but how I know not. Sir Bernabo haO being crowned at Rome, by a pope and twelve cardinals of his many fine children; and the queen of France is the daughter of one creation, he gave liberty to his German soldiers to plunder Rome. that was married to the duke of Austria and Bavaria. Sir Galeas to make them amends for the pay that was due. TIls was the seized all the children of his uncle he could lay hands on, as well as recompense the Romans received for the reception they gave him; his possessions, which he annexed to his own, and reigned in great and for this cause he died under sentence, of excommunication. splendor and wealth. He shortly after renewed the taxes he had Thile pope and cardinals whom he had made came of their free taken off, and extorted money from his subjects by every means of will to Avignon, and submitted themselves to pope Innocent, who imposition, which made him more feared than loved. He followed absolved then of their error. the errors of his father, declaring and maintaining, that he would To return to the lords of Milan; I will say how they first obtained never believe in, nor adore God: in consequence, he deprived the possession of the Milanese. This archbishop, their uncle, received monasteries of great part of their revenues, whichhe appropriated in Milan the new emperor on his return from Aix-la-Chapelle (where to himself, saying, the monks lived too delicately on rich food and he had performed the usual ceremonies for forty days)with so much choice wines; that such superfluities prevented them rising at mid. magnificence and splendor that, in return for his good cheer and for night to perform their church duties, and that Saint Benedict had a loan of one hundred thousand ducats, the emperor created him not thus framed his laws for their conduct, but he would bring them viscount of Milan, and gave to him the territory of the Milanese, back to eggs and thin wine, that their voices might be louder and and to his nephews after him, to hold during pleasure, and until the clearer to chaunt in the church. hundred thousand ducats were repaid in one sum. When the arch- Thus did sir Galeas, father, and son, and sir Bernabo, act lik' bishop died, his nephew, sir Matthew, was acknowledged by the popes in their dominions as long as they lived: they did much in. emperor as viscount of Milan. His two brothers, sir Galeas anld sir justice to churdlhmen, without fearing anything thile popes might say Bernabo, who then were far from rich, took counsel together, and or do against them; and when the schism happened, and the iwo determined to seize the government and rule over Lombardy: to popes of Rome and Avignon were excommunicating each other, accomplish this, they resolved on their brother's death, by poison or these lords of Milan laughed at both, as indeed did many other otherwise,t and then to unite themselves so strongly by minarriage great lords. The daughter of this sir John Galeas, duchess of Orthat no one would dare to anger them. After the death of sir Mat- leans, inherited mnore of the dispositions of her father than of her thew, they reigned with great power, and were on the best terms mother, who was a princess of France; for she was envious, and during their lives. They divided the country of Lombardy between covetous of the pomp Of this world, and would gladly have seen her theul: sir Galeas had tenll towns, being the eldest brother, and sir lord king of France, no matter how. A scandalous report was very Bernabo nine; and Milan was governed alternately by them for one current, that the disorder of the king, which had so much distressed year. To maintain their government, and supply their expenses, the kingdom, and baffled all the skill of the physicians, was owing they laid heavy taxes and gabelies on the people, and, by various to her. I will say what gave rise to these suspicions, and made them means, extorted great wealth from their subjects. They had their the more readily believed. towns garrisoned with foreign mercenaries, Germans, French, Bre- Valentine, duchess of Orleans, had a handsome son of the age or tons, English, and from every nation except Lombardy, for in the the dauphin of France, and while these two children were playing Lombards they had no confidence. These soldiers were regularly together in the chamber of the duchess, a poisoned apple was thrown paid every month, and were much dreaded by the people, for none on the floor, near the dauphin, in hopes he would take it, but, dared to oppose them. When any of the neighboring lords ventured through God's providence, he did not. The son of the duchess, to resist their encroachments, they took a severe revenge, and de. thinking no harm, ran and ate it, but he had no sooner put it into stroyed several, that others might take warning. his mouih than death followed, in spite of every care to prevent it. The inhabitants of their towns were iunder such awe, that they Those who had thIe government of the dauphin carried him away, possessed nothing but through the good pleasure of sir Galeas and and never allowed him afterwards to enter the apartments of tile sir Bernabo, and those who were rich they taxed three or four times duchess. This story caused great murmurings in Paris and elsea year. They. said the Lombards were too proud of their riches, where, and the people were so enraged against her, as to occasion and good for nothing unless kept under subjection. They were the duke to hear of it: they publicly said in Paris, that if she was indeed so by them, for none dared murmur or say a word against not prevented from being near the king, they would come and take any of their commands. The two brothers married nobly, but they her away by force and put her to death, for that she intended to bought their wives firom the wealth of their people. Sir Galeas poison the king and all his family, having already made him suffer espoused Blanche, sister to the good count of Savoy: before he had by her enchantments. What gave additional weight to this, was his consent, he gave him one hundred thousand ducats. Sir Ber. the king's refusal, during his illness, to -see the queen, whom he nabo married in Germany a sister to the duke of Brunswick, and would not recollect, nor any other person than the duches:s of Or. did not pay a less sum than his brother had done.t They had leans. The duke of Orleans, to put an end to these scandalous maiy children, whom they married to powerful families, to add to reports, took her away firom the hotel de Saint Pol himself, and their strength. Sir Galeas had a son called John Galeas, and when sent her to one of his castles called Asnieres, on the road to Beau. he h eard that, king John of France had obtained his liberty from vais, where she remained some time without ever passing the gates England, and that he was in great difficulty to procure the first pay- of the castle. She was removed thence to Neufchittel on the Loire, mentm of his ransom, of three millions of francs, he negotiated with and the duke hated her much for the accident which had happened ~ Givanni Viscoti. —Em. to his son: his other fine children, however, softened his resentment t A.though they might have intended the crime, they had no necessity for its perpe- to her. 4cration. Matth~ew died rmoa the effeels of his iatemperace. —ED. Intelligence of this was carried to Milan, and sir Galeas heard with: Galeas Viseonti married Blanche of Savoy, 10th September,, 5 fear tIe great danger his daughter was in. He was very wroih with itersaho Viscosti married Beatrix Sealigera, through pride called Regina, 27th Sep- the g ranc and his mauster as ir James dery Brnie, -'mtrSe, 1U10.-./d'dr-5so nL's Isoyal Gensealogies. the king of France and his ministers, and sent sir James de:a Berme, CHRONI ICLES OF E NGLAND FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 5& with other noble persons, cmbassadors to France, to excuse his daugh- but, when it was brought, the nmost galtlnrJt part of the French chivalry ter, and to say, that if any knight should accuse her of treason, he had already set out for Hungary, and were now entaered into Turkey. would provide a person to challenge him to mortal combat. At the From spite to the king of France, the duke of Milan had formed time these embassadors came to Paris, the king was in tolerable an alliance with Bajazet; and by his means was the sultan regularly health; but very little attention was paid them, or to the excuses informed of all that was passing in Christendom, and the secret his. they made for the duchess of Orleans, and they received a short an. tory of France. swer. When they saw this, they returned to Milan to relate to the We will now leave this matter, and say how the sultan Bajawz duke what they had seen and heard. The duke was more angered and the Christian barons and knights in Turkey prospered. than before, and snlt his defiance to the king and kingdom of France; BATTLE or NiCOPOLa. Designed from Contemporary MSS.; an oriental MS. Hist. of Tamerlane furnishing the Costume of the'urks. the borgne de Montquel, and several more. They selected as guides C H A P T E R L X X V I. some of the best mounted Hungarian scouts, well acquainted with the country, to lead them where they thought was probable to meet WIL BAJAZET ISN. RAISING A GREAT ARMY TO OPPOSE THE HUNGARIANS the enemy. This same week, the Turks likewise took the field to FEANDA FRECH TE LORDYOF TRK, DIRNING ERIOtR OFNCE, H the amount of twenty thousand men; for, having heard the Christians were destroying and burning their country, they determined to BAJAZET made no long stay at Cairo with the sultan of Babylon, put an end to it. They collected in the force I have said, and adwho promised to send a great army to his aid under the command vanced to a pass through which it was necessary the Christians should of his best rinen-at-arms, that he might successfully oppose the barons march to enter the open country, for there was no other entrance. and knights of France. They dispatched messengers on all sides to Having remained there for two days without hearing anything of all who they imagined could assist, begging they would exert them. the enemy, they were on the point of returning the third day, when selves in this affair, which was become of the greatest consequence; the Hungarian scouts came galloping* to the place where the Turks for, should the French conquer Turkey, all the surrounding kingdoms lay in ambush. When they thus saw them, they kept quiet to obwould tremble, their religion be destroyed, and themselves reduced serve the Christians, without making any sally or throwing a lance. to slavery under the Christians, and it were far better to die before The Christians advanced near to the Turks, and, although they could such events should happen. not see the whole, found they were very numerous. After a short Many Saracen kings obeyed the summons which Bajazet and the stay, they returned to inform the lord de Coucy and the other lords sulltan of Babylon had sent as far as Persia, Media, and Tartary, what they had seen. The Christians were rejoiced on hearing it, and to the north of the kingdom of Lecto,* beyond the frontiers of and the lord de Coucy said: "We must advance and see what kind Prussia. The Saracen monarchs, having heard the army of the Chris- of people they are; for, since we are come thus far, we must not retians was composed of the flower of their chivalry, selected from turn without offering them combat, otherwise we may be blamed." their own sect those of the greatest ability, and who had been longest "You are in the right," answered such lords as heard him. trained to arms; so that their aimament was not soon ready to march, They then tightened their armor, regirthed their horses, and ad. nor their purveyances prepared. It was the intention of Bajazet to vanced at a gentle pace to where the Turks lay. There was a small raise a force sufficient to withstand the Christians: he therefore began wood between the two parties: when the French knights came to his march toward Turkey, followed by large companies from various it, they halted, and the lord de Coucy said to sir Reginald de Roye parts. Tartary, Persia, and Media, sent him many valiant Saracens, and the lord de Saint Py: "I would advise, in order to draw the who were impatient for the combat, and to try their force against Turks out of their ambush, that you two adyance with one hundred thelbs~~~~ Christians. ~of our men, while we post the remainder in this wood. The Turks, We will now leave Bajazet, and return to the Christians, who were seeing so small' a party, will quit their ambush: do you suffer your. besieging the strong city of Nicopoli. The garrison was very numne- selves to be pursued, and, when past this wood, wheel round on them: rous, and defended the place valiantly against the attacks of their we will instantly sally forth, and thus inclose and conquer them at enemies, but expressed themselves much surprised that they heard our pleasure." This plan was adopted, and the two knights set off nothing of Bajazet. The emperor of Constantinbple had indeed with about one hundred of the best mounted: the main body to the written to say, that he was still in the country about Alexandria. The amount of eight hundred men of tried courage, entered the wood, besieging army lay bc.'ore Nicopoii, having provision in abundance where they hid themselves. The others galloped toward the Turks, which came to them firom Hungary and the surrounding countries. who were much pleased, thinking what they saw was the whole During the siege, the lord de Coucy and some other French knights force of the enemy: they quitted their ambuscade and advanced on took a fancy to make an expedition farther into Turkey, for they the plain. The Christian lords, observing this, turned about, and were tired of remaining so long inactive, while the king of Hungary suffered themselves to be pursued, but, as they were so well mounted, should continue his approaches to the town. The lord de Coucy, the Turks could not come up with them. Both parties passed the,s commander-in-chiief, eft the camp with about five hundred lances wood without the ambush being noticed, when the lord de Coucy and as many cross-bows, on horseback, accompanied by tlse lords de sallied forth with his men, shouting, "Our Lady for the lord de Roye, de Saint Py, the governor of Beauvoir, the lord de Montcaurel, Coucy!" and, falling on the rear of the Turks, struc!k down ruany. * It is in ). Sauvage' came to Brechaut;" but the MS. in the Museum has it as ix * "Lecto." MS Locco. Qy. Lithuania. the text, and my MS. " bro(:hant" (spurring) instead of' c"oran~" CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN. &c. The Turks halted, on finding themselves thus surrounded, and for neither the king nor himself would consent that he should go on made the best defence they could; but it little availed, for, not sus- this expedition. Thus did the duke of Gueldres p-Pevent the count perting any forces behind, they were thunderstruck when they were of Hainault and his son from having the company of the earl of attacked on all sides. The French displayed great valor, and over- Derby, in which respect he was not well advised, nor was he threw all that opposed them: they slew heaps on the field, and thanked by either; but he was by nature all his life proud and killed all they overtook in their flight like wild beasts. They showed envious. mercy to none, and happy were they who could save themselves. Fier.a.bras de Vertain, notwithstanding this disappointmnt was After this defeat, the French returned in the evening to the camp not the less diligent in collecting forces, and had engaged many befbore Nlicopoli. knights and squires, with more than two hundred archers. But the News was spread throughout the army that the lord de Coucy had, earl of Derby excused himself, for the reasons above mentioned by his valor, overthrown more than fifteen thousand Turks. Very His excuses were accepted, for they plainly saw, that had not the many were loud in his praise for this action, but not so the count king forbidden his going, at the request of the duke of Lancaster, he d'Eu; for he said, " the expedition had been undertaken through would have been of the party. The king of England, to do honor vanity, and that lie saw nothing praiseworthy in it, as it had put the to his cousin of Hainault, ordered vessels to be prepared in the detachment under his command in great risk, by attacking so supe- Thames to carry, at his cost, such knights as went on this expedirior a force. It was, besides, his duty (since he was so eager to tion to Encuse,? a seaport belonging to the earl of Hainault, at the perform some deeds of arms, and had met the Turks in the field) to extremity of Holland, and twelve leagues by water firomn Friesland. have sent information of his intention to the commander-in-chief, the About this time, the king of France sent Waleran count de Saint count de Nevers, who was anxious to gain renown." Thus, through Poa to England to press forward the treaty for peace, and to urge envy as it may be supposed, did the count d'Eu speak of the lord de secretly the king of England to its conclusion. Robert the hermit, Coucy. During the whole expedition, he never had any friendship who had been before in England on this subject, and willingly for him, notwithstanding he saw that he was beloved and respected listened to by the king, accompanied the count de Saint Pol. On by all the French and foreign knights, which, he imagined, should the count's arrival in England, he found the king at his palace have been his due; for he was very nearly connected by blood with of Elitham, with his brothers the earls of Kent and Huntingdon, the king of France, and bore for arms the flower de luces with a bar, and his uncle the duke of Lancaster. The king received him with and was besides constable of France. Such was the beginning of pleasure and kindness, and, having patiently heard all he had to say, the hatred of the count d'Eu to the gallant lord de Coucy, which at took him aside, and replied —" Fair brother of Saint Pol, with regard last broke out, and caused the destruction of the Christian army, as to this treaty of peace with my father-in-law the king of France, I you will soon have related. am heartily inclined to it; but I cannot accomplish it alone, nor do We will now leave this subject, and return to what was passing everything myself. True it is, that my two brothers, and two uncles between the kings of France and England. of Lancaster and York, are equally desirous for it as myself; but my other uncle of Gloucestcr is violently against it, and he leads the Londoners as he wills, and may attempt to stir up a rebellion in the ~CH ~APTER LXXVII. ~country, and raise the people against me. Now, consider the danger I should run if there were a second rebellion, headed by the duke T'HE DUKE OF GUEcDRES PREVENTS THE EARL OF DERBY JOINING_ THE of Gloucester and other great barons and knights who are, as I know, COUNTrs OF }IAINAULT AND oF OSTREVANT INr THEIR EXPEDITIONLI AACOUNTS OF IANAULT AND OF OSTREVANT IN THEIR EXPEDITION F of his way of thinking. I am puzzled how to act, for my uncle of AGAINST PRIESN-NEGOTITONS FOR PECE BETWEEN RANCE Gloucester is of so reserved a nature, no one knows his real thoughts." AND ENGLAND ARE CONTINUED UNTIL KING RICHARD CROSSES OVER cc My lord," answered the count de Saint Pol, " you must gain him TO CALAIS, TO CONCLUDE THEMI WITH THE DTUKE OF BURGUNDY. over by fair and kind speeches. Malke him handsome presents, and, You have before heard in this history that the marriage of the should he demand anything, however unreasonable, grant it hirm inking of England with a princess of Frantce was nearly approaching; stantly. This is the only means to gain him; and, if you continue that the two kings showed great affection to each other, as did the such conduct until your marriage be completed, your queen brought relatives on either side, excepting the duke of Gloucester. But he hither, and all affairs concluded, you may then follow a different had no joy in it; for he knew that, by this connection, peace would method; for you will be powerful enough to crush all your enemies be established between the two kingdoms, which he would unwil- or rebellious subjects, as the king of France will at all times be ready lingly see, for he only wished for war, and excited all whom he to assist youn, and this you mnay securely depend upon." " In God's thought so inclined, to throw every obstacle in the way. At that n]ame, brother-in-law," said the king, "you speak to the purpose, time, there was a knight in his service called sir John Baquigay,' a and it shall be as you advise." reserved man, who knew all the secrets of the duke, and wlho, by The count de Saint Pot was lodged in London during his stay in encouraging his warlike dispositions, followed the natural bent of England; but he had firequent conferences with the king at Eltham, his own inclinations. and with the duke of Lancaster on the subject of the marriage. It At this period, the duke of Gueldres came to England to visit the bhad been ordered at Paris, as the count told the king, that the king king and his uncles, and to offer his loyal services, for he was so of France and his uncles would come to Saint Omer, and bring the bounden by faith and homage. Thie duke would gladly have seen young princess with them who was to be queen of England. It was the king making preparations for war, for he disliked peace. The therefore their wish that the king of England should come to Calais, duke of Gueldres had many conversations with the duke of Lancas- and that, between the towns of Saint Omer and Calais, an interview ter respecting the intended expedition of the counts of Hainault and should take place between the two kings, who from personal know. of Ostrevant against Friesland; for at this moment Fier-h-bras de ledge would have their afictions much strengthened; and then there Vertain was in England, having been sent thither by the count d'Os- might be some secret treaties made respecting a peace between them trevant to seek men-at-arms and archers. The earl of Derby had and their uncles, without employing too many persons in the business, been requested to accompany his cousins of Hainault and Ostrevant, before the king carried his queen to England. If a peace could not to which he was well inclined, and had told Fier-4-bras that he be concluded, the truce was then to be prolonged for the term of should be well pleased to go to Friesland, if it met the approbation thirty or forty years, between France, England, and their allies. This of the king and his father. When, therefore, the duke of Gueldres proposal seemed so fair and honorable to the king of England and came to England, the duke of Lancaster spoke to him on this sub- his council, that orders were instantly issued for purveyances of every ject, and desired him to say what he thought of it. He replied, "that kind to be made ready for thile king's voyage and residence at Calais the expedition would be attendedwith much danger; that Friesland Many lords did the same. The duke and duchess of Gloucester, was not a country easily conquered, and that many counts of Hol- with their children, were invited by the king to be of the party, as land and Hainault, who in former times claimed it as their inherit- were the dukes and duchesses of York and Lancaster: this last lady, ane, had marched thither with great force, to bring it under their being with her lord at Efithai, had already been asked. The king subjection, but had never returned. The Frieslanders are a psople and the count de Saini Pul travelled together through Canterbury to void of honor and understanding, and show mercy to none who fall Dover, followed by all the lords who had been invited to accompany in their way. They pay no respect to any lord, however great his him. In truth, tile count de Saint Pol, from his impatience to carry rank; and their country is very strong, surrounded by the sea, and the news to the king of France, crossed the sea on his arrival at full of bogs, islands, and marshes, so that no persons can find their Dover to Boulogne, and hastened thence to Paris, and related to tIhe way through it but the natives. I have been much pressed to join king and his uncles everything which had passed with the king of this expedition, but I will never enter such a country; and I would England. This gave general satisfaction, and the king and court not advise that my cousin of Derby go thither, for it is not suitable set out from Paris, and by short days' journeys came to Amiens. to him. I am satisfied my brother-in-law d'Ostrevant will undertake In the meantime, the king of England, his uncles, and a large the expedition, for he is very eager to do so, and will lead many I train of lords and ladies, had crossed the sea to Calais, where they Iainmaulters with him, but there is a chance if any of them ever were lodged. The duke of Burgundy came to St. Omer to press forcome home again." ward the treaties, which were carried on through the mediation of the This speech of the duke of Gueldres had such an effect on the count de St. Pol and Robert the hermit. The duke of Burgundy was duke of Lancaster, that he resolved in his own mind the earl of conducted by the count de St. Pol to Calais on the Eve of Our Lady Derby should not go to Friesland. He signified to him secretly his the middle of: August, to wait on the hiog of England and his uncles. intentions, for his son did not live with him, and that, notwithstand- He was welcomed with joy by the king and his lords; and they con. iug the engagements he had entered into, he must break them off, *" Encuse." Q. Enchuysen. u ". SauvMae, in a marginal note, calls it iteute. dMale * " llaquig"ay." —Mfuseum ~MS. Hacquingay.-w~Hafod MIS. Laquingay. M:S. has Eraabe —" 1o. ville d'Emaise " CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 583 serred together for some time on the articles for a peace, to which the duke's son, he thought, if the expedition were successful, it would the king inclined: indeed, to'say the truth, he was indifferent what be for the advantage of the count d'Ostrevant. miight be agreed on, provided he had his wife. When the duke of Many of the great barons disapproved of it, and spoke against it, Burgundy had staid at Calais two days negotiating a peace, the king saying, "How can these Hainaulters come hither to solicit aid from told him that he would lay all the articles on his return to England our king, when they have already been to ask the same firom the before the parliament; for that neither himself nor his lords could English? HIave we not lately seen that the count d'Ostrevant has agree to anything conclusive without the assent of the people of Eng- accepted of the order of the Garter, which is tile English device? land, and it must be deferred until their will were known. He added, Has he shown, by so doing, any very great affection for France?" that he himself would go over, and return, and so make one journey But others, who were better informed, replied, "My fair sirs, you for the conclusion of all things. "That will be well done," replied are wrong to talk thus; if the count d'Ostrevant has accepted the the duke of Burgundy and the count de Saint Pol; who returned to Garter, it was not to ally himself with England; for he is too strongly St. Omer, and thence to Amiens, where they expected to meet the connected with the French. Is it not true that he has married the king and queen of France with their daughter, the future queen of lady Catherine, daughter to the duke of Burgundy? and is not this England. The dukes of Berry and Brittany were also there; for the a better and more valuable alliance than the blue Garter? Never, king of France had sent for the last-mentioned duke, who came therefore, say that he will not prefer doing services to the French thither in grand array. rather than to the English. The king will honor himself and exalt the'he king of England and his lords returned to London; but their French name, if he give him the aid he has been wisely advised to ladies remained until they should come back, which was speedily afford." Thus did the French converse on these matters, which made done. During this period, the expedition from Hainault against the a great noise in France, for nothing was talked of but the deeds of Frieslanders took place, commanded by the earl of Hainault and his arms that were to be performed in Hungary or Turkey against Ba. son the count d'Ostrevant. We will relate the arrangement of it, for jazet, and in Friesland against the Frieslanders. The king of France it is now time. did not delay raising an army of five hundred lances, composed of Picards and French, and gave the command of them to the count C HAPTER LXXVIII. Waleran de St. Pol and the lord Charles d'Albret, two knights that were well qualified for the business. They were to lead this body iTHE COUNTS OF HAINAULT AND OF OSTREVANT RAISE A LARGE ARMY OF of men to the town of Enchuysen in lower Friesland, as that was the MEN+AT-ARMS, KNIGHTS AND SQUIRES, TO INVADE FRIESLAND. THE place of assembly for the whole army, and they were to embark there KING OF FRANCE SENDS THEM ASSISTANCE, UNDER THE COMMAND OF for upper Friesland, which they did. COUNT WVALERAN D. ST. PoL AND THE LeOD CHARLES D'ALBRr.T. When the two valiant knights, the lord de Ligne and the lord de You have before heard the great desire duke Albert of Bavaria Jumont, saw the good inclination of the king, and were assured that and his son William count d'Ostrevant had to invade Friesland, and every order had been given, and the pay issued for the men-at-arms to employ their arms in the conquest of it. The knights and squires who were to be sent to assist the count of Hainault, they took leave of Hainault, Holland and Zealand, were willing to second them, be- of the king of France, and, thanking him for his friendship to their cmause they thought it was their lawful inheritance. To gain assist- lords, returned to Hainault, to relate to the duke of Bavaria and the ance, the count d'Ostrevant had sent one of his squires, a renowned count d'Ostrevant how successful they had been. They were reman-at-arms, called Fier-,-bras de Vertain, to England, where he had ceived with the honors they had deserved, and detailed the courtebeen successful: king Richard, out of affection to his cousin, had sent ous answers they received from the king of France and the duke of him some men-at-arms, and two hundred archers, under the command Burgundy, who'had feasted them grandly, and the rich presents that of three English lords; one was named Cornewall, another Colleville, were given them, for which they thanked the duke and his son, as but the name of the third, who was a squire; I have forgotten. It it was from affection to them they had been shown such courtesy. was told me, and likewise that he was a gallant man-at-arms, and The whole would be too long to relate: we will therefore pass it had long been used to war: a short time before, he had in a riot had over, and come to the principal matter. his chin cut off, which was replaced by one of silver that was fastened Duke Albert on hearing that the king of France was to send to by a silken cord tied round his head. This force arrived at Enchuy- his assistance five hundred lances, assembled all his barons and vassen in proper time. To be more particular in this matter, I must say sals of Hainault. The assembly consisted of the lord de Vertain, that I was informed duke Albert held many consultations with his s6neschal of Hainault, a very valiant man and renowned in arms; son, the count d'Ostrevant, and they called into their councils a noble the lords de Ligne and de Gomegines, whom he appointed marshals and valiant squire, named William de Croembourg,* who earnestly of his army; the lords de Havreth, Michelet de Ligne, de Lalain, de exhorted them to the war, for he mortally hiated the Frieslanders. Hordaing, de Chin, de Cautain, du Quesnoy, de Fleron, his brother He had done them some mischief, and did them much more, as you John, the lords de Bousset, de Jumont (who were knights always 8hall hear. eager to meet their enemies, but at this time they had bleared eyes, Duke Albert of Bavaria set out from the Hague in company with red as crimson,) Robert le Roux; the lords de Monthiaux, de Fonhis son, the count d'Ostrevant, for Hainault, and convened the states taines, de Seulles, the lords James de Sars, William de Hermes, and of that country at Mons, who readily obeyed the summons of their Pinchart his brother; the lords de Lens, de Verlammont, Anseaux lord. He laid before them his wish to invade Friesland, and renmon- de Trasseigines, Octes de Seaussines and his brother Gerard; the strated on his right to do so, and the lawful claim he had on it. In lord de Ictre, his brother John: sir Anseaux de Sars, Bridaux de proof of this, he had read to them certain letters patent, apostolical Montigny, Daniaux de nla Pouile, Guy de la Poulle; the lord de Masand imperial, authentically sealed with lead and gold, which evidently ting; sir Floridas de Villiers, who was a most valiant knight, and showed his right over that country. The duke addressed the meet- had gained great renown for his gallant deeds of arms against the ing: " My lords, and valiant men our subjects, you know that every Turks and Saracens in the Holy Land; sir Eustace de Vertain, sir one ought to guard and defend his inheritance, and that man, in the de- Fier-a-bras de Vertain, who was but just returned from England, and fence of himself or country, has a right to make war. You know also, rejoiced his lord with the success of his mission there; the lord do that the Frieslanders ought to acknowledge themselves our subjects, Osteven, sir Rasse de Montigny, Thuq de Merse; the lord de Rotbut they are rebellious against us, and against our rights, like men sin, sir John d'Andregines, Persant his brother, and great numbers without law or religion. Notwithstanding the justice of our claim, we ot other gentlemen and squires, whom, having assembled in his hall cannot, my very dear lords, without your personal and pecunary aid, at Mons, he addressed, saying, "That he hoped they would all arm,, attempt to make these people listen to reason. We therefore entreat and provide themselves with followers and every necessary, each ac your assistance in this necessity, both personal and pecuniary, that cording to his power, to assi:3t him in his intended expedition against, we minay subjugate these disobedient Frieslanders to our will." Friesland; and that, out of affection to him. and regard to their own. To this remonstrance the three estates unanimously assented; and, honor and renown, they would accompany him to his town of En. as they were always inclined to comply with the desires of their lord, chuysen, in lower Friesland, and to Meemelie,* and thence embark they presented duke Albert, from the country of Hainault, the sum with him for upper Friesland, where he proposed being, if it pleased of thirty thousand firancs in ready money, withlout including the town God, by the middle of August ensuing, and that he would wait foI of Valenciennes. This town performed equally well its duty, for them in one or other of the two before-mentioned towns; that it wa, duke Albert, attended by his son, went thither, and made a similar his intention to go thither beforehand to make the necessary prepa. request, to what lie had done so successfully at Mons. These two val- rations, and to receive his men-at-arms, and such Hollanders and iant nriccs were very joyful to see tlhieir subjects so forward to assist Zealanders as would be induced to enter his service, and aid him te their war, as it assured them they were well-beloved by them. Since the accomplishment of his purposes." All the knights, squires and, they had now a sufficiency of money, they resolved to inform the lords in Hainault instantly complied with his request, and promised. king of Irance of their intended expedition, and to request aid from him their services like loyal vassals. Duke Albert and the count. him. T~ wo prudent and valiant knights, the lord do Ligne and the d'Ostrevant found them punctual in the performance of their prom. lord do JTria1o0t, were sent thither, and acquitted themselves well, for ises, and they made themselves speedily ready, so that about the be-. they were imuch in favor with the French, especially the lord de ginning of August of the year 1396, they assembled and marched' Ligne, whom the king, fi'om his psitiality to hini, had made one of off in companies handsomely arrayed, toward Antwerp, where they" his chamoberilans. le proposed to the king of France the request of xwere to. embark for Enchuysen, the general rendezvous. his lord, duke Albert of Bavaria, so eloquently, that he and his coun- You may suppose, that when all these preparations were making. eil pronioed tlhe asiststnc{ he required. The duke of Burgundy was for the departure of so many knights and squires, the ladies and damu. urgenrpct fot wini; beig ruunitem because his daughter haying married * "Meemelte." BuitishMuseum MS. Metenelich. Hafod MS. Metmolic. Q. Ifmst Croem bou" rg." I my M[3. Ciroemabourc. Museum MS. Curembourch. Medendric whichis not far from Enchuysen. 584 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. eels were not in high spirits. We must allow thev were very much particularly angry with Fier-i-bras, bastard de Vertain, for they skid cast down, for they saw their fathers, brothers, uncles, husbands and he was the principal promoter of this expedition. Duke Albert and lovers) going on a dangerous expedition, not having forgotten how, his son, on leaving Mons after the promise of the Hainaulters to as. in former times, the Hainaulters with count William had remained sist them, returned to Zealand, and made similar requests to the. on the field of battle in Friesland. They were therefore fearful that Zealanders, who in like manner complied; and the lord de la Vere, what had happened to their predecessors might befal them, and sir Floris de Boessel, Floris d'Abel, the lord de Zenemberge, sir loudly praised the duchess of Brabant for having forbidden any gen- Clais de Boysel and Philip de Cortein, were very instrumental in for. tlernan or others of her country to take part in this expedition. The warding the business. They, as well as many other gentlemen, ladies frequently pressed their lovers and friends to decline going, instantly armed, and put themselves in handsome array plainly and many meetings were holden, but to little purpose. They were showing they were desirous to gain renown. WILLIAM oF HAINAULT ON HIS EXEDITTON AGAINST FRIESLAND. From MSS. of the 15th Century. French did not come so soon as expected, which delayed the em C H A P T E R L X X I X. barkatiots eleven days. During this interval, there arose a quarrel EARL OF ATNAULT LANDS WtT HtIS ARM_ IN FRIESLAND. HE DE tween the English and Hollanders; and, had it not been for the FEATS THE FRIESLANDERS IN BATTLE, BUT IS NEVERUHELESS FORCED count d'Ostrevant, the English would have been slain. The quarrel TO RETIRE TO HCOLLAND, TO PASS THE WINTERWITHOUT HAVING GAINED s made up; and the French arrived, to the joy of all, for they con o~ANYTHING. INO~ H LAN, ~0SST.,wosisted of a well-appointed body of men-at-armns. Every one was now ~~ANYTHING ~~T.N FRIESLAND. ~ordered instantly to embark, which being done, they hoisted sail, re THE duke of Bavaria and his son, having been so successful in commended themselves to God, and put to sea. The water was Hainault and Zealand, made the same requests to the Hollanders, smooth, and seemed to talke pleasure in bearing them. There were especially to the barons and chief towns. To say the truth, the Hol. such numbers of vessels that, had they been arranged in a line firom landers were much pleased to hear war was about to be made on Enchuysen to Kuynder (which is in upper Friesland, and where they the Frieslanders: they hated them, particularly the knights and squires, intended to land,) though twelve leagues distant, the whole sea would for there was a continual warfare carried on, and they mutually plun. have been covered; but they sailed in one body. dered each other on the frontiers of the two countries. When the We will for a while leave them, and speak of the Frieslanders, great lords in Holland, such as the lord d'Atrel, and other gallant who, as I was informed, had been long acquainted with duke Albert's knights and squires, heard the supplications of their princes, duke intention of marching against them with a powerful army. They Albert and his son count William, they immediately offered their held many councils on the subject, and determined to combat their services, and promised them every assistance. They were speedily enemies at the very moment of their landing; for they saaid they armed, and the principal towns supplied them with a large body of should prefer death with liberty, to being slaves; and would never quit cross-bows, piketnen and men-at-arms. It was not long before they tie battle while alive. They also resolved not to accept of ransoms were all assembled at Enchuysen, where vessels had been provided for any person, however high his rank, but to put their prisoners to to carry them to Friesland. They were so numerous, they were said death, or keep them in banishment from their own countries. Among ito be thirty thousand sailors, and that the town of Haarlemi alone had these was a Frieslander of high birth and renown: he was of great supplied twelve hundred. These vessels were amply freighted with strength and stature, for he was taller by a head than all his country. warlike stores and other necessaries. You may imagine the grief men. His name was Yves Jouvere; but the Hollanders, Zealanders.of the ladies and damsels in Holland and Zealand was not less than and Hainaulters called him "The great Frieslander." This valiant those of Hainault, when they found their lovers and relations were man had gained much reputation in Prussia, Hungary, Turkey,,engaged in this war. Their anger fell chiefly on the lord de Cruem- Rhodes and Cyprus, where he had performed such deeds of valor (bourg, because they thought he had been the great adviser of duke that he was much spoken of. When he heard his countrymen thus Albert in the matter, and on the lord de Merebbede. This last was readily resolve on battle, he addressed them: " O ye noble men, eager for revenge on the Frieslanders for the injuries they had done and free Frieslanders, know that there is no fortune stable. If in -him: in the before-mentioned battle, when count William was un- former times you have, by your prowess, conquered the Hainaulters, furstunately slain, he had lost three-and-thirty of his relations, bearing Hollanders and Zealanders, those who are now about to invade us:his arms on their coats, with sir Daniel de Merebbede their leader, are men expert in war, and be assured they will act otherwise than Loone of whom would the Frieslanders ransom. These two lords, their predecessors: you will see they wvill not fly, but fight with the:therefore, were afraid to appear before the princesses and ladies of utmost prudence. I would therefore advise t4 at we suffer them to duke Albert's court. land and make what progress they can into the country: let us guard In a short time the whole army was assembled: the English came our towns and fortresses, and give tip to them the plains, where they'first, next the Haittaulters in very hansdsomne array, under the com- will waste themselves. Our country will not long support them. It,marnd of the lord s6neschal de Jumont, and the lord de Gomegines, is besides cut up with ditches and dykes, so that they cannot advance who was marshat; then the Hollanders and Zeala.ders; but the far into the interior, and they will be forced to return after having CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 585 Lurnt ten or twelve villages. This they will the more spcedily do, structive blows with the axes they had armed themselves with, which for they cannot ride, nor indeed without difficulty march on foot, served them to fell timber; but the great Frieslander, Yves Jouvere, through the country, which will wear them out. The damage they lost his life. Not long after this, the Frieslanders yielded the field, can do will be trifling, and we can soon repair it; but, if we offer and took to flight as fast as they could. The carnage in the pursuit them battle, I very much fear we shall be overpowered, for I have was horrible, for none were spared: the Hollanders, in particular, been credibly informed they are one hundred thousand men under killed all they could overtake; even such as had been made prisoners arms." He said truly, for they were at least as many, if not more. by the English, French and Hainaulters, they killed while in their Three valiant Friesland knights. sir Feu de Dorekerque, sir Gerard hands. Cavin and sir Tiny de Walturg, seconded this proposal; but the peo. The lord William de Cruembourg, and his two sons, J'ohn ani ple would not listen to it, and they were supported by several of those Henry, who had that morning been knighted, acquitted themselves noble men called Elins, who are gentlemen and judges of causes. gallantly, and were the most active in slaying the Frieslanders, They opposed what the great Frieslander had offered with such sue. showing clearly they loved them not. To conclude, the Friesland. cess, as to occasion it to be determined that, as soon as they should ers were completely defeated and the greater part killed: some few htear of the enemy landing, they were to march and offer them com- were made prisoners, and about fifty carried to the Hague, where bat. This being resolved on, the assembly broke up, that every one they remained a long time. The lord of Kuynder, who was the lord might make his preparations. To say the truth, they were in general of the town where duke Albert had landed, had surrendered himself iery poorly armed: many had no other defensive covering than their to the duke on the Monday, and himself and two sons were in the waistcoats made of coarse thick cloth, scarcely better than horse-cloths. battle against the Frieslanders. They lived afterwards under the Some were armed in leather, others with rusty jackets of mail, which ptotection of duke Albert and his son count William. seemed unfit for service; but there were somne perfectly well armed. After this defeat, the Hainaulters, Hollanders, Zealanders, French When the Frieslanders were ready to march, they took from their and English,.quartered themselves about Kuynder, and took several churches the crosses and banners, and divided themselves into three towns and castles; but their captures were inconsiderable, for the battalions, each consisting of about ten thousand men: they halted, on Frieslanders did them much harm by ambuscades and skirmishes, arriving at a pass defended by a ditch, very near to where the Hain- If they made any prisoners, they had no ransom to offer; and it was auet army was to land, and plainly saw the Hainaulters, Holland- seldom they would surrender, but fought until they were slain, sayers and Zealanders, for they were close to the shore, and prepar- ing they preferred death and liberty to being unde' the subjection of ing to disembark. It was on Saint Bartholomew's day, which this any lord whatever. Their friends or relations never brought any year fell on a Sunday, that duke Albert and his army landed in ransoms for those who were taken, but left them to die in prison. Friesland. The Frieslanders offered their prisoners in exchange, man for man; The Frieslanders, noticing the movements of their enemies, sallied but, when their enemies had none to give in return, they put them forth, to the amount ef about six thousand, and mounted the dykes to to death. When the Hainault army had been in the country about see if they could any way prevent their landing. Among the Fries- five weeks, and had destroyed and burnt many towns and villages, landers, there was a sort of mad woman dressed in blue, cloth, who, of little value indeed, the weather began to be very cold and to rain quitting her countrymen, rushed forward toward the fHainaulters and almost daily: there were also great tempests at sea. Duke Albert Hollanders, making ready for battle. When she Ihad approached and his son, in consequence, proposed the return of the army to the army within bow-shot, she turned her back, and, raising up her lower Friesland, whence they had come, and to march into Holland, petticoats and shift, showed her bare rump to all who wished to see it, the more comfortably to pass the winter, which had set in very hard. bawling out some words in her own language, which meant, "Take This was done; and, on their arrival at Enchuysen, the lords disthis for your welcome." Those on ship-board, seeing the wicked- missed their men, particularly the strangers, with whom they were ness of this woman, let fly such a shower of arrows and bolts that well contented, and paid them their full pay, thanking them at the her legs and thighs were larded with them; for it seemed a shower same time for the services they had rendered. Thus was this great of snow, so many were the arrows shot at her. Sever!al leaped into army disbanded, without having made any conquest; but, two years the water, and, pursuing this wretched woman with drawn swords, after, these noble princes, duke Albert and his son count William, soon overtook her, and cut her into a thousand pieces. In the mean returned thither a second time, and made great conquests by their time, the debarkation was taking effect; and the Hainaulters marched excellent prowess, which, if it please God, shall be fully recounted. to the enemy, who received them courageously, with long pikes, and But for the moment we will not say more, and relate the magnificen' staves shod with iron, and repulsed them vigorously. The landing marriage of the king of England with the princess Isabella of Frane" was strongly contested, and numbers were killed and wounded; but from the advantage of their bows and cross bows, and by their superior mode of fighting, the Hainaulters gained the dyke, and'emained victors on the field at this first attack. When they were all disem- C H A P T E R L X X X. barked, they ranged themselves along the dyke, each under his banner, and, when thus drawn up, their line extended more than half HE CREroN OF TIFN. TAHIANE OF TAe DELVER OF HNELA WITO T PRINCESS OF FRANC~.. TH-E ~:ING OF FRr.NC~. DELIVr.RS I~ER TO THI a league. The Frieslanders, on their loss of the dyke, retreated to KING OF r.NrLAND, IN 11IS.TFNT B:aTWE.EN ARDREs A~ND CALAIs. another pass, where they had cast up the earth in their front, and.the ING OF ENLAND, I IS ENT.WEEN ARES AND ALAI. ditch was very deep: they amounted to about thirty thousand, and You have heard of the journey of -the lking of England to Calais, as they were at no great distance, were plainly seen by the Hainault- where he resided with his uncles, prelates, and barons of his council, ers and their allies, from,their position on the dyke. Each party during which time he had held a conference with the duke of Burremained on the ground: in the mean time, the whole army was gundy respecting the articles of peace. The king hal returned to landed, with their baggage, and some tents were pitched, under which London to wait the meeting of his parliament at Michaelmas; but they reposed themselves during the Sunday and Monday, observing! in the mean time great purveyances were made for him and for his the Frieslanders, with whom on these two days:there were many. barons, and sent to Calais and Guines. The larger part were for. skirmishes and deeds of arms. warded down the river Thames, but a good deal was collected in Both armies were ready prepared for battle on the Tuesday morn- Fknders, at Damme, Bruges, and Sluys, which were sent by sea to ing: and many new knights were made of the Hainautters, Holland- Calais. In like manner, great preparations were made for the king ers and Zealanders, when it was resolved to attack'the enemy. They of France, the duke of Orleans, their uncles, and the barons and drew up in handsome array, placing their archers in front, intermixed prelates of France, at Saint Omer, Aire, Therouenue, Ardres, la with the ranks, and, with trumpets sounding, marched to pass the Montoire, Leulinghen, and in all the monasteries and houses round ditch. The Frieslanders guarded themselves from the arrows by about. No expense was spared on either side; and the lords of means of the mound of earth thrown fi-om the ditch, which was as each country were emulous to outshine one another. In the abbey high as their heads; but the Hollanders leaped into the ditch, and of Saint Bertin,* great were the preparations to receive the royal made bridges of their pikes and lances. The enemy defended them. visitors. selves valiantly, and gave such rude blows on those who attempted The session of parliament, which usually lasts forty days, and is to mount the bank, that they drove them on their backs into the ditch. held in the king's palace at Westminster, was now abridged, for the In short so many valorous deeds were done, it is impossible to recount king attended it only five days: when the business of the nation, them all; but the Hainaulters and their allies were too strongly armed, and what particularly interested the king, and had caused his return and the Frieslanders could not otherwise hurt them than by knock- from Calais, was settled, he and his two uncles of Lancaster and ing them down. The new knights acquitted themselves honorably, Gloucester, and the members of his council, set out from London, but the enemy displayed great courage e: they are a lusty race, though and crossed the sea to Calais. The duke of York and the earl of very badly armed, and some of tlhem without shoes or stockings; Derby did not attend the king, but remained behind to guard Engnotwithstanding which, they nsade an obstinate defence. During land in his absence. Information was instantly sent to the French this skirmtish, the lord de Ligne, the saneschal of Hainault and the lords in Picardy of the king of England's return to Calais; and the lord de Jumont, with other Hainault knights, following the course of duke and duchess of Burgundy came to Saint Omer, and fixed their the ditch found a passage for their horses, and fell upon the rear of residence in the abbey of Saint Bertin. The king of France sent the Friesianders, to their'utter dismay. They quitted the defence of the count de Saint Pol to king Richaid, as soon as he heard of his the ditch to repel this last attack; but the Hainaulters charged them arrival at Calais, to compliment him in his name, and to lay before so vigorously that the enemy were broken and dispersed, and the him the orders which had been given for the ceremony of his marHollanders and Zealanders crossed the ditch and joined in the f'ay. Tise battle was now very murderous; and the Frieslanders gave de. * "Saint'Bertin" —an abbsy inthe city of Saint Omer. o8G CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. rage. The king of Enllgland eagerly listened to this, for he took king of England, and thus they advanced slowly through the ranks much pleasure in the business. The count de Saint Pol, on his of the knights; when the two kings were on the point of meeting, return to Saint Omer, was accompanied by the duke of Lancaster, the eight hundred knights fell on their knees and wept for joy. The his son Beaufort of Lancaster, the duke of Gloucester, with his son two kings met bareheaded, and having saluted, took each other by Humphrey, the earl of Rutland, the earl marshal, the earl of Hunt- the hand, when' the king of France led the king of England to his ingdon, chamberlain of England, and many other barons and knights, tent, which was handsome and richly adorned: the four dukes took who were handsomely reueived by the duke and duchess of Bur- each other by the hand, and followed them. The English and gundy. The duke of Brittany came thither also, having left the French knights remained at their post, looking at their opponents king of France and the young queen of England at Aire. with good humor, and never stirred until the whole ceremony was You must know that every honor and respect that could be im- over. The spot where the two kings had met was marked, and a agined were paid to the English lords. The duchess of Burgundy chapel in honor of the Virgin Mary was proposed to be erected on it, entertained them splendidly at dinner; at which was present the but I know not if it were ever put into execution. On the entrance duchess of Lancaster, with her son and two daughters. There was of the two kings holding each other by the hand into the tent, the an immense variety of different dishes and decorations on the tables, dukes of Orleans and of Bourbon came forward and cast themselves and very rich presents made of gold and silver plate nothing, in on their knees: the kings stopped and made them rise. The six short, was spared, so that the English were astonished where such dukes then assembled in front and conversed together: the kings riches coud come firom, and especially the duke of Gloucester, who passed on, and had some conversation, while the wine and spices told his friends that the kingdom of France was full of wealth and were preparing. The duke of Berry served the king of France with power. To soften the temper of the duke of Gloucester, whom the the comfit-box, and the duke of Burgundy with the cup of wine. French lords knew to be proud, and their bitter enemy, they paid In like manner was the king of England served by the dukes of himn the most flattering attentions. Notwithstanding this, and the Lancaster and Gloucester. After the kings had been served, the handsome presents they offered, which he accepted, the same ran- knights of France and England toolk the wine and spices, and served cor remained in his breast, and, in spite of everything the French the prelates, dukes, princes, and counts; and, after them, squires and could say or do, whienever the subject of peace was mentioned, his other officers of the household did the same to all within the tent, answers were as harsh and severe as ever. The French are very until every one had partaken of the spices and wine; during which subtle; but, with regard to him, they could never gain his affections; time, the two kings freely conversed. antd his conversation was so reserved, it was not possible to discover After a short space, the two monarchs took leave of each other, his real sentiments. When the duke of Burgundy saw this, he said as did the different lords. The king of England and his uncles re. to his council; " We shall never succeed until we gain over this tired to their tents, while the horses were made ready: they then duke of Gloucester: as long as he lives, there will not be any solid mounted, and took the road toward Calais; the king to Guines, the peace with England, for ihe will ever find some cause of quarrel, dukes of Lancaster and Gloucester to Hamme, and the others to and renew the hatred of the people of both countries: his whole their lodgings at Calais. In like manner did the king of France thoughts are on this subject; and were it not for the amiable quali- return to Ardres, accompanied by the duke of Orleans; the duke of ties of the king of England, which we hope may produce in time Berry to Tournehem, and the duke of Burgundy to la Montoire; more favorable effects, in good truth, he should never have our cousin for nothing more was done that day, although the tents and pavilions as his wife." After the duchess of Burgundy, the countess of Ne- of the king of France and other lords were left standing. vers, the countess of Saint Pol, and the lords and ladies of France, At eleven o'clock of the Saturday morning, the feast of Saint had, as you have heard, magnificently entertained the English lords Simon and Saint Jude, the king of England, attended by his uncles and ladies (at which time it was determined when and where the and all the noblemen who had accompanied him from England, two kings should meet, and the king of England receive his wife,) waited on the king of France in his tent. They were received by the company took leave of each oth.er, and the two dukes, with the king, his brother, and uncles, with great pomp and the most their duchesses and children, returned with the other barons and affectionate words. The dinner tables were there laid out: that for knights to Calais, and related to king Richard how grandly they the kings was long and handsome, and the side-board covered with had been received, and the rich presents that had been made them. the most magnificent plate. The two kings were seated by themTheir praises pleased the king; for he was delighted whenever he selves; the king of France at the top of the table, and the king of heard the king of France or the French well spoken of, so much England below him, but at a good distance from each other. They was he already enamored with them, on account of the king's were served by the dukes of Berry, Burgundy, and Bourbon: the daughter whom he was to marry. last entertained the two monarchs with many gay remarks; to make Shortly after this, the king of France, accompanied by the duke of them laugh, and those about the table, for he had much drollery, and, Brittany, came to Saint Omer, and was lodged in the abbey of Saint addressing the king of England, said, "My lord king of England, Bertin: all who had before occupied it were forced to dislodge. The you ought to make good cheer, for you have had all your wishes dulks of Berry, Burgundy, and Bourbon, having been ordered to gratified. You have a wife, or shall have one, for she will be speedily confar with the king of England at Calais, set out from Saint Omer, delivered to you." "Bourbonnois," replied the king of France, and, on their arrival at Calais, were received with every honor "we wish our daughter were as old as our cousin of Saint Pol, and kindness by the king and his lords. They were entertained though we were to double her dower, for then she would love our with splendor; and the three dukes concluded certain treaties with son of England much more." The king of Etgland heard well these the king of England and his uncles. Many in France and England words, and replied, bowing to the king of France (for he did not thought a peace had been concluded, for at that time the duke of address himself to the duke of Bourbon, since the king had compared Gloucester was well inclined to it, in consideration of the kind his daughter with the countess of Saint Pol's,) " Good father-in-law, promises of the king, who had engaged, if a peace were made, to the age of our wife pleases us right well: we pay not so much atten. create his son Humphrey earl of Rochester, and make the annual tion concerning her age, as we value your love, and that of our revenue of it equal to two thousand pounds sterling, and to present subjects, for we shall now be so strongly united that no king in the duke of Gloucester with fifty thousand nobles on his return to Christendom can any way hurt us." England. Thus, through his avaricious disposition, was the duke of When dinner was over, which lasted not long, the cloth was Gloucester softened in his opinions respecting a peace with France. removed, the tables carried away, and wine and spices brought. It was so visible, that the French dukes observed it, for they had After this, the young queen of England entered the tent, attended by never before found him so tractable or moderate in his conversation. a great number of ladies and damsels. The king led her by the When the French lords had concluded the business they had come hand, and gave her to the king of England, who instantly after took upon, they ook leave of the king, and returned to the king of France his leave. The queen was placed in a very rich litter which had and the duxe of Orleans at Saint Omer, who were impatient to hear been prepared for her; but, of all the French ladies who were there. the success of their journey. The king of France departed from only the lady of Coucy went with her, for there were many of the. St. Omer, and resided in the fort of Ardres: the duke of Burgundy principal ladies of England, such as the duchesses of Lancaster, York went to la Montoire, the duke of Brittany to the town of Esque, and Gloucester, Ireland, the lady of Namur, the lady Poinings, and others the duke of Berry to Tournehem. The plain was covered with of the nobility, who received queen Isabella with great joy. Whet tents and pavilions full of French and English. The king of England the ladies were ready, the king of England and his lords departed and the duke of Lancaster were lodged in Guines, and the duke of and, riding at a good pace, arrived at Calais. The king of Frainc Gloucester at Hamme. and his court returned to Saiat Omer, where he had left the queei On the vigil of the feast of Saint Simon and Saint Jude,* which and duchess of Burgundy, and staid there the Sunday and Monday fell on a Friday, in the year of grace 1396, the two kings left their following. On the Tuesday, which was All-saints day, the k'ng o lodgings on the point of ten o'clock, and accompanied by their England was married by the archbishop of Canterbury, in the churc? attendants, went to the tents that had respectively been prepared for of Saint Nicholas at Calais, to the lady Isabella of France. Grea them. Thence they advanced on foot to a certain spot which had were the feastings on the occasion, and the heralds and minstrel been fixed on for their meeting, and which was surrounded by four were so liberally paid they were satisfied. hundred French and as many English knights, brilliantly armed with On the ensuing Thursday, the dukes of Orleans and Bourbon cam'. swords in hand. These eight hundred knights were so drawn up, to Calais, to visit the king and queen of England: they stMid tha that the two kings passed between their ranks, conducted in the day, and on the following went back to dinner at St. Omer, wlhert following order: the dukes of Lancaster and Gloucester supported the king and queen of France waited for them. This same morning. She king of France, as did the dukes of Berry and Burgundy the the king and queen of England, having heard an early mass and * The feast of aoint Simon and Saint Jude is on the 2tth October. drank some w;/ae, embarked on board the vessels which had been CHRONICLE S OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 587 prepared for them, with a favorable wind. They weighed anchor, were great rumors of war. It was said to have been settled that, a' set their sails, and in less than three hours landed at Dover. The the beginning of March, the king was to lead a large army into king dined at the castle, and lay the next night at Rochester: pass. Lombardy to destroy the duke of Milan; and that the king was so ing through Dartford, he arrived at the palace of Eltham, where the bent on this expedition, he would not listen to anything that was said lords and ladies took leave of the king and-queen, and went to their against it. The king of England was to send his father-in.law six homes. thousand archers; and the duke of Brittany, who had been constantly Fifteen days after, the queen made her entry into London, grandly with the king, offered his services on the expedition, with two thou. attended by lords, ladies, and damsels. She lay one night in the sand Breton spear~. Purveyances were already making for the king Tower, seated on the banks of the Thames, and the next day was and lords in Dauphiny and in Savoy. When the duke of Brittany conducted in great pomp, through the streets, to Westminster, where took. leave of the king of France and his lords, to return to his duchy the king was waiting in his palace to receive her. This day the I believe the duke of Burgundy made such earnest intercession with Londoners made very rich presents to the queen, which were gra- the king, and those immediately concerned, that the duke of Brit. ciously accepted. During the time the court was at Westminster, a tany carried with him his cousin sir Peter de Craon, who was contournament was ordered to be held at Candlemas in Smithfield, fined a prisoner at his own charges, in the tower of the Louvre, for between forty knights and as many squires; and notices of it were the debt he had been sentenced to pay of one hundred thousand given to the heralds, that they might publish it beyond sea, and francs to the queen of Jerusalem. I imagine he engaged to pay the as far as Scotland. queen the above sum by instalments; but I will, for the present, When the king of France was returned to Paris after the marriage leave speaking of these matters, and return to what was passing in of his daughter, and his lords were gone to their residences, there Turkey. / 1W ISAEZLLA AND THz KING O0 ENGLAND TAKING LEAVE OF THE KIse OF FRANCE, AT THE (CAM? BETWIEN ARDRES AND CALAIS. From MSS. of the 15th Century pose us, we will offir him battle, and never return without having C H APT E R L X X X I. combated him." Such was the speech of the king of Hungary to IHE CIHRISTfIANS ARE FORCED TO RAISE rTHE SIEGE OF NICOPOLI, BY THE the French lords: they considered Nicopoli as won, but it fell out otherwise. ARRIVAL OF BAJAZET IN TURKEY. THEY ARE DEFEATED AND THE HUN-_ otherwse. ARANS PT TO FLGHTHROUG THE PESPTOUS FOIY OF THE During the whole summer, Bajazet had been busily employed in GARIANS PUT TO FLIGHT, THROUGIt THE PREsUMPTUOUS FOLLY OF THE FRENCH. raising an army of Saracens and infidels: he had even sent to Per. sia for succor, and the great lords of his religion had joined him You have before read in our history how the king of Hungary, and against Christendom. They had crossed the Hellespont to the the lords from France who had gone to Hungary in search of deeds amount of two hundred thousand; but the Christians were not only of arm-, had valiantly crossed the Danube, and entered Turkey; ignorant of their numbers, but of their approach; and they advanced where dturing the summer, from the month of July, they had con. so secretly, they were close to Nicopoli before the besiegers knew quered a large tract of country, having mercifully spared the inhab. of their having begun their march. Bajazet was as well acquainted itaelts and many towns and castles, for none could withstand their with the stratagems of war as most, and of great valor and enterprise. power. They had besieged the city of Nicopoli, and so hardly He considered maturely the power of the Christians, and said they pressed it by their attacks, that it was on the point of surrendering were a valiantrace. Bajazet marched to raise the siege of Nicopoh without hearing any intelligence of Bajazet. The king of Hungary in the following order. His army was drawn up in the form of a had evewn addressed the French lords, such as the count de Nevers, harrow, and occupied about a league of ground; in front of this main the count d'Eu, the count de la Marche, the count de Soissons, the body, and a league in advance, were eight thousand Turks, to mask lord de Coucy, and the barons and knights of Burgundy, saying, "My the body of the army, which was divided into two wings. Bajazet fair sirs, thanks to God, we have made a successful campaign; for was in the midst of his main body, who thus quietly advanced, with we have performed many brilliant deeds of arms, and have conquered their vanguard of eight thousand in front: they were thus ordered, Turkey. I look on the town of Nicopoli as our own, for it is so to make an appearance as if they were the whole army; but when. underlined it can hold out no longer than we please. I therefore ever they met the Christians, they were to fall back gently toward would propose, that after we shall have gained and shown mercy to the main body, which was then to extend itself as much as possible, this town, we attempt nothing more this season, but recross the Da- and endeavor to inclose the Christians, whom they should then nube, and return to Hungary, where I have many handsome towns conquer at pleasure. Such was the order of battle of Bajazet. and castles prepared to receive you, since you have so gallantly It happened, that on the Monday preceding Michaelmas-day, in ass.istCd me against the Turks, my bitter enemies. During the win. the year 1396, about ten o'clock, as the king of Hungary and the t'r wre rvll provide stores for the ensuing summer, each according to lords, who were lying before Nicopoli, were seated at dinner, news his plesuCre, and send information of our situation, and what we was brought them that their enemies, the Turks, were near at hand; have done, to the king of France, who, before that time, will send but, as I heard, the scouts did not inform them of the whole truth: us large reinforcements; and I hope, when he shall know the sue- they had not noticed the main body otf the Turks, for the moment cess ave have had, he mnay be inclined to come hither in person, for they saw the vanguard they dared not advance farther, as they were he Is young and fond of arms. Bult whether he come or not, if it not men-at-arms fearless of such an enterprise. The Hungarians please God, we wi! next summer cross the HIeiiespont, regain Ar- and French had each scouts of their own, and both parties arrived menia, thence march to Syria, with the towns of Jaffa and Barath, nearly at the same time with this intelligence. The greater part of and conquer Jerusalem and the Holy Land. Should the sultan op. the army were at dinner when the news was carried to the osarlt do 588 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. Nevers and the other French lords, the messenger bawling out,"Come! son cried out, "Sire, save yourself! for should you be killed ot quickly arm yourselves, that you be not surprised, for the Turks are taken, Hungary will be completely ruined. We must be defeated, on full march to meet you." This information was agreeable to through French pride; and their valor will prove in vain, for every many who were desirous of arms: they instantly arose, pushed the one of them will be taken or slain; not one can possibly escape. tables aside, and demanded their horses and armor. They were Fly, therefore, from the danger, before it be too late." The king somewhat heated with wine, and hastened to the field as well as of Hungary was in the utmost rage to be thus defeated through the they could. Banners and pennons were displayed, under which arrogance of the French, and obliged to fly, if he would avoid cap. every one ranged himself in his proper post. The banner of the Vir- tivity or death. It was a most unfortunate day for the Hungarians gin Mary was unfurled, and the guard of it given to that valiant knight and French; whoever runs away from battle is pursued, and, as the sir John de Vienne, admiral of France. The French were so eager Hungarians fled in the greatest confusion, the Turks followed, kill. to arm themselves that they were the first in the field, drawn up in ing them or making thiem prisoners at pleasure. God, however, handsome array, and seemingly fearless of the Turks; for they were assisted the king of Hungary and the grand-master of Rhodes; for, ignorant of their immense numbers, and thit Bajazet commanded in on their arrival on the banks of the Danube, they found a small yesperson. As the French lords were hastening firom their tents to the sel belonging to the grand-master, into which they entered, with only field, the marshal of the king of Hungary, named sir Henry d'Osten- five more, and crossed to the opposite shore. Had they delayed, lemhalle,* mounted on a handsome courser, came to them with a they must have been killed or taken; for the Turks came to the few attendants. He was a valiant and experienced knight, and river as they were passing it, and made a great slaughter of those had borne before him a pennon of his arms, which were a cross who had followed the king thinking to escape. anchored sable on a field argent, which in heraldry is called cross We will return to the French and Germans, who were fighting moline. He stopped when opposite the banner of' Our Lady, where most valiantly. The lord de Montcaurel, a gallant knight from Arthe principal lords were assembled, and said aloud, "I am sent hither tois, seeing the defeat inevitable, and wishing to save his son, who by my lord, the king of Hungary, who entreats you by me, that you was very young, said to his squire, " Carry off my son: thou mayest will not begin the battle before you shall again hear firom him; for escape by that wing which is open: save my son, and I will abide he much suspects and fears that the scouts have not brought exact the event with my companions." The youth, on hearing his father intelligence of the numbers of the Turks. Within two hours you shall thus speak, declared he would not go nor leave him in such tianger; have more certain intelligence, for we have sent other scouts, who but the father forced him away, and the squire brought him safely to will advance farther than the former ones, and bring us better infor- the Danube: the youth, who was very melancholy at the situation. mation. Be assured the Turks will never attack you, unless you of his father, was unfortunately drowned by falling between two force them to it, or until they lhave collected all their forces together. barges, without a possibility of being saved. Sir William de la You will act as you shall think best, but such are my lord the king's Tn6mouille and his son displayed great feats of valor before they orders. I must now return, for I cannot longer stay." were slain. Sir John de Vienne, who bore the banner of Our Lady, On saying this, the Hungarian marshal left thenm; and the lords in spite of his deeds of arms was killed grasping the banner in his assembled together to consider what was to be done. The lord do hands, and thus was he found after the battle. The whole of the Coucy was asked his opinion, and replied, that the king of Hungary French force that had been engaged at this battl.e of Nicopoli were had a right to order themn, and that what he had requested was per- defeated and slain, by the means I have related. fectly just. It was mentioned to me that the count d'Eu, constable The lord John of Burgundy, count of Nevers, was wondrous richly of France, was vexed that his opinion had riot been first asked be- arrayed, as were the lord Guy de la Riviere, and many barons and fore the lord de Coucy's, and, through spite and malice, instantly knights firom Burgundy in compliment to him. Two squires from opposed what he had said, adding: "Yes, yes, the king of Hungary Picardy, William d'Eu and the borgne de Montquel, who had dis. wishes to gain all the honor of the day: he has given us the van-. played their courage in:many former battles, did the same at Nicoguard, and now wants to take it away, that he may have the first poll. These two squires, by their vigorous courage, twice forced blow: let those who will believe what he sends to us, for my part I through:the Turkish army, and returned to the fight, but were at nere: will:" then addressing the knight who bore his banner, he length slain. To say the truth, the whole of the French chivalry said: "In the name of God and Saint George, you shall see me and those firom other countries acquitted themselves most gallantly; this day prove myself a good knight." The lord de Coucy thought and had they been assisted by the Hungarians with equal courage, this a very vain speech of the constable, atrd, turning to sir John de the day would have turned out differently. But the whole of the Vienne, who had the banner of Our Lady under his guard, and by mischief was caused by the French, and their presumption was their whom all the others were to rally, asked what ought to be done. ruin. There was a knight from Picardy, called sir James de Helly,'Lord de Coucy," he replied, " when truth anrid reason are not who had resided some time in Turkey, and had served in arms un. heardl, folly and presumption must reign; and, since the count d'Eu der Amurat, father of the sultan Bajazet, of whom we are now speak. is determined to fight the enemy, we must follow himn; but we ing, and who knew a little of the Turkish language. When he saw should have greater advantage, if we waited thq king of Hungary's the day was lost, he thought of saving his life; and as he knew the orders, and were all united." While they thus conversed, the infi- Saracens to be a covetous race, he surrendered himself to them, on dels were fast approaching: the wings of their army, which con- their granting him his life. Thus did he escape; and also another sisted of sixty thousand men each, were already closing round them. squire from the Tournaisis, called James du Fay, who had formerly The Christians, observing this, would have retreated, but that was served Tamerlane king of Tartary, but when he learnt that the impossible, as they were completely surrounded. Many knights and French were marching to Turkey, he quitted Tamerlane, and joined squires, who had been used to arms, now knew the day must be his countrymen. He was at this battle, and saved by Tamerlane's lost,; notwitlistanding which they advanced, following the banner men, who had been ordered thither in compliance with the request of:Our'Lady, that waus borne by that gallant knight sir John.de made to him for assistance by Bajazet. Tamerlane had sent li.m a Vienne. considerable body of men, as Saracen and Pagan kings always do The lords of France were so richly dressed out, in their embla- to the aid of each other. zoned surcoats, as to look like little kings; but, as I was told, when they niet the Turks, they were not more than seven hundred, which sufficiently showed the folly of the measure; for, had they waited CHAPT R L XII. C HAP T ER L XX X II. for the Hungarian army, consisting of sixty thousand men, they might, perhaps, have gained a victory, but, to their'pride anrid pre-'THE TURItS, AFTER THE BATTLE OF NOCOPOLI, PUT TO DEATH ALL THEIt sumption, was the whole loss owing; and it was so great, that never PiSONERS, EXCEPT TE COUNT DE NEVERS ND SOME OTHER RET since the defeat at Roncesvalles, where the twelve peers of France LORDS. were slain, did the French suffer so considerably. However, before AT this battle of Nicopoli, which was so fatal to the French, very they were overcome, they made great slaughter of the Turks; though many were saved, from the extreme richness of their armor: they several knights and squires saw they were marchiirg to destruction, were dressed like kings; and the Saracens and Turks, who are ave. through their own folly. The French defeated the van battalion, ricious, thought, by saving their lives, they should gain large ransoms and put it to flight, pursuing it into a valley where Bajazet was for they believed them much greater lords, fromtheir appearance, posted with the main army. The French would have returned, as than they really were. The count de Nevers was made prisoner, as they were mounted on barbed horses, but could not, for they were were the counts d'Eu and de la Marche, the lord de Coucy, the lord now inclosed on all sides. The battle, therefore, raged with fury, Henry de Bar, sir Guy de la Tremouille, Boucicaut and others. The,nd lasted a considerable time. News was carried to the king of lord Philip de Bar, sir John de Vienne, sir William de la Tremouille Hungary, that the French, English and Germans were engaged with and his son, were killed. This battle lasted for three hours; and the Turks, not haviiig obeyed his orders sent them by the marshal. the king of Hungary lost his wliole baggage, his gold and silver Hfe was very wroth on hearing it, as indeed he had reason to be, plate, jewels, and everything else. He had escaped by fortunately and foresaw they would all be cut off. He said to the grand-master finding a vessel from Rhodes on the Danube, that had brought pro. of Rhodes, who was beside him, "We shall lose the day, from the visions, in which he crossed the river wi;h six others: had he not vanity of the French: if they had believed me, and waited for our done so, he must have been slain or taken. There were more killed joining,v we should have had sufficielt strength to cope with the in the pursuit than in the battle, and numbers were drowned. enemy." As he thus spoke, looking behind him, he peroeived that Happy was he who could escape from such danger by any means. his men were flying panic-struck, and the Turks pursuing them. When the business was over, and the Turks, Persians, and orhers He then saw the nay was irrecoverably lost, and those near his per- sent thither by different infidel kings had retired to their lodgings, ~ MSS. Stemlemchalle. (that is to say, to the tents and pavilions they had conquered front CHRONICLEb oF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. the Christians, in which they found wines, meals, and every other blood in France, nearly related to the king, and willing to pay fot necessary) they enjoyed themselves, and made merry, like men who their liberty a great sum of money." This answer was very agree have gained a victory over their enemies. Bajazet dismounted, at able to the sultan, who would not listen to more, but said, " Let those the sound of many minstrels, according to their custom, at the prin- alone be spared, and all the other prisoners put to death, to firee the cipal tent that had belonged to the king of Hungary, which was very country from them, and that others may take example from their large, and richly adorned. Bajazet took pleasure in viewing it, and fate." glorified himself internally for the victory he had obtained over the The sultan now made his appearance to his people before the ten. Christians, and thanked his God for it, according to the manner of who, bowing down, made him their obeisance. The army was their religion. When he was disarmed, to cool and refresh himself, drawn up,in two wings on each side; the sultan with his nobles,!he he sat on a silken carpet in the middle of the tent, and sent for his count de Nevers and those who were to be spared, were in the principal friends, to chat and joke with them. He began the con- centre; for he would they should witness the execution of their versation, by saying he would now march a great force into Hun- companions, which the Saracens were eager to perform Many ex. gary, to, conquer that country and the rest of Christendom, which he cellent knights and squires of France and other nations, who had would put under his obedience, but that each kingdom might follow been taken in battle or in pursuit, were now brought forth in their its own religion and laws, owning him for their lord: that he would shirts, one after another, before Bajazet, who eyeing thenm a little. reign like Alexander of Macedon, who for twelve years governed they were led on; and, as he made a signal, were instantly cut to the whole world, as he was descended from his blood. All assented pieces by those waiting for them with drawn swords. Such was to what Bajazet said, and agreed to his proposal. He gave out three the cruel justice of Bajazet this day, when upward of three hundred orders: the first, that every one who had made prisoners should pro- gentlemen of different nations were thus pitilessly murdered. It was duce them before him the next day; the second, that the dead should a cruel case for them to suffer for the love of our Saviour JEsus be carefully examined, and the nobles and great lords be set apart, CHRIST, and may he receive their souls! and left untouched until he had seen them; the third, that exact Among the murdered of that day was the gallant knight sir Henry inquiries should be made among the slain and prisoners after the d'Antoing: may God show gracious mercy to his soul! The lord king of Hungary, that hlie might know whether he was deador alive. Boucicaut, marshal of France, was led naked like the others, before These orders were fulfilled, for none dared disobey them. Bajazet, and would have suffered the same cruel death, had not the When Bajazet had refreshed himself, and changed his dress, he count de Nevers left his companions, who were motionless at the sad resolved to visit the dead on the field of battle; for he had been told sight, and flung himself on his knees to the sultan, entreating him to the victory had cost him dear, and that he had lost great numbers of spare the lord Boucicaut, who was much beloved by the king of men. He was much surprised to hear this, and would not believe it. France, and well able to pay a considerable ransom; and the count He mounted his horse, attended by his vizier, nobles and bashaws: made signs, as paying from one hand to the other, that he would some said his principal officers were his brothers, whom he would give a large sum of money, to soften the anger of the sultan. Bajazet not acknowledge as such, declaring he had no brothers. On his consented to the request of the count de Nevers, and the lord Bou.coming to the field of battle, he found what had been told him was cicaut was put aside with those who were not to be killed. Others true; for where one Christian lay dead there were thirty of their were brought forward, until the number I have mentioned was comenemies. The sight vexed him much, and he said aloud, "This pleted; such was the cruel revenge the infidels had on the Christians. has been a cruel battle for our people: the Christians have defended It seems, according to what I heard, that Bajazet took delight tha themselves desperately; but I will have this slaughter well revenged the victory he had gained over the Christians, and the capture of the on those who are prisoners." He now left the field and returned to count de Nevers, should be known in France, and carried thither by his tent, comforting himself for the loss he had suffered by the victory a French knight. Three knights, of whom sir James de Helly was and defeat of the Christians; but, notwithstanding this, he passed one, were brought before Bajazet and the count de Nevers, who was the night in great fury. On the morrow, before he was risen or had asked which of the three he wished to go to the king of France and shown hilnself, great numbers came before his tent, to learn his will to his father the duke of Burgundy. Sir James de Helly had the respecting the prisoners; for it had been rumored that he intended good fortune to be made choice of, because the count de Nevers having them all put to death without mercy. Bajazet, however, in was before acquainted with him: he therefore said to the sultan, spite of his rage against the Christians, had given orders that all the "Sir, I wish that this person may go to France from you and from principal lords who had been made prisoners should be separated me." This was accepted by Bajazet, and sir James de Holly re. from the others, for he had been told they would pay him large ran- mained with him and the other French lords; but the two unsucsoms, and on that account he was inclined to spare them. He had cessful knights were delivered over to the soldiery, who massacred also learnt that many of, the Tartars, Arabs, Bedouins and Syrians, them without pity. had made prisoners, from whom they expected to gain large fortunes, After all these things were done, everything was quiet. Bajazet, as indeed they did, by concealing their prisoners from Bajazet. Sir having learnt that the king of Hungary was escaped, resolved to James de Holly, whom I mentioned before, was, luckily for him, march more into the interior of Turkey toward the city of Bursa, brought this Tuesday morning before the tent of the sultan, with whither he would carry his prisoners, for he had done enough this many other prisoners, for he who had taken him was afraid of keep- campaign. He therefore disbanded his army, more especially that ing him hid. As they were waiting the. coming of Bajazet, some of part of it which had come fiom distant countries. Thus was it done, the knights of his household, standing round the tent, recollected sir and the army broke up, which had been composed oftmen from James, and delivered him friom the hands of those who had taken Tartary, Persia, Media, Syria, Alexandria and Egypt, and from;thin. He remained with the attendants of the sultan, who had been other distant countries of infidels. Bajazet gave particular orders to formerly acquainted with him; and fortunate it was for him, as you sir James de Helly, that when he went to France, he should take his will hear related, for to the greater part of the Christians it was a road through Lombardy, and salute from him the duke of Milan; and disastrous day. it was the sultan's intention that sir James should publish, wherever Before Bajazet appeared, inquiries had been made who were the he passed, the great victory he had gained over the Christians. The greatest lords among the prisoners, and his interpreters had been count de Nevers wrote by hint, as well for himself asfor his fellowvery strict in their examinations, putting such aside not to be killed. prisoners, to the king of France, and to the duke and duchess of The first was John of Burgundy commander-in-chief, then the count Burgundy. On receiving these letters and other verbal messages, d'Eu, the count de la Marche, the lord de Coucy, lord Henry de Bar, the knight departed from the sultan and the lords of France; but sir Guy de la Tremouilte, and two more, amounting in all to eight. before he set out, Bajazet made him promise, on oath, that as soon Bajazet would see and talk with them. He eyed them long in silence, as he should have performed the journey, and delivered all he had and these lords were conjured on their faith to avow if they were the been charged with to the king of France and the other lords, he persons who had been so named. He also resolved to send for sir would return, which the knight swore he would do, and kept his James de Heliy, that he might assure him of the truth. On his oath. We will now leave Bajazet, and the French lords who re. coming, he was remembered by the sultan whom hlie had served, and mained prisoners during his pleasure, and speak of other things was now perfectly secure from danger. He was asked if he knew thmse French lords who were prisoners at the bottom of the tent. "1I cannot say," hlie replied; " but, if I saw their faces, I should know CHAPER LXXXIII. them all." He was then ordered to go near and examine them, anid report truly their names to the sultan, for that his determination would THE FRENCH AND OTiERS WHO HAD BEEN IN TURKEY SUFFER GREAT be accordingb to what he should say. He went near the prisoners, HARDSHIPS ON THEIR RETURN HOME, AFTER HAVING ESCAPED FROTM and, bowing to them, knew them all. He told them his fortunate THE BATTLE OF NICOFOLt. SIR JAMES HE HELLY BRINGS CERTAIN escape, and that he had been sent by the sultan to see if they were INTELLIGENCE OF THIS DEFEAT TO THE RING OF FRANCE. the perions answering to the names they had given themselves. "Ah, AFTER this memorable victory which the Turks and their allies sir James," said they, "you are well acquainted with us all: you see gained over the Christians, as has been related in this history, such how fortune has turned against us, and what great danger we are in knights as could escape saved themselves. On the Monday mornwhen we depend on the mercy of this sultan. If it may any how ing, the day of the battle, more than three hundred knights and save our lives, tell him we are of even greamer rank than we have sqmmires, being out foraging, were not present at it. When they said, and able to puy him large sums for our ransoms. " My lords,' heard firorm time runaways that a defeat was inevitable, they gave replied sir Janies, "this I will most chleerfully do, fo'r it is my dnhuty." over all thoughts of returning to their camp, but took different roads'The knight then returned to Ba;jazet, anml said, " Tihose lords whmm mtm make their escape from Turkey as speedily as they could. French are prisoners, and with whom I have been tamlkimug, are of';he noblest Gcrmmimns, and.athers, made for a country adjoining to Hungary 59v CIIRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. called Wallachia, which is well inhabited, and had been conquered from the Turks, and turned by force to the Christian faith. The CHAPTER LXXXIV. guards of the passes and castles in Wallachia, allowed the Christians SIR JAMES DE LY, VIG RECEIVED HIS ISPATHES FRM THE K who came from Turkey free entrance, and gave them lodging; but, RAE RRI IN1acY s ISAT RO THE I on the morrow, when they were about to depart, they took from the OF FRANCE, ARRIVES CN HUNGARY, CW MIS WAYE TO TUROEY. THE JNI1 SENDS SIR JOHIN OE CHASTELMORANT, W, ITH PRESENTS TO EAJAZET, AND inights their armor and all they had, and gave themil n return a mis MS R MNAI IFAOR, TH REN S TO erable jacket, and some little money, just enough to bear the day' H RECMENDATIOS IN FAVOR OF TE FRENCH RISORS T 2xpenses. This favor was only shown to gentlemen; for those who MANNER IN WHICH THEY ARE TREATED were not of that rank, were stripped naked, and scourged v]lainously WHEN the intelligence sir James de Helly had brought was mnaIe with rods. The French and their companions suffered most exceed. public, all who had lost husband, brother, father, or child, were in ingly in poverty and distress, during their passage through Wallachia the utmost consternation, as may easily be supposed. The,ighb and Hungary; and with difficulty could they meet with any, who, nobility of France, such as the duchess of Burgundy and the lady for the love of God, would give a morsel of bread, or lodge them for Margaret of Hainault, were greatly afflicted on aCoaInt of their son the night. They endured their misery until they came to Vienna in and husband the count de Nevers, for he was much beloved by theni. Austria, where they were kindly received by the good people, who The countess of Eu lamented her lord the constable, as did the countclothed such as were naked, and shared with them their food. They ess de la Marche: the ladies of Coucy, of Bar, and Sul!yv, in like were treated with the same kindness in Bohemia: had they found manner bewailed the melancholy situation of their lords. They were the Germans as hard-hearted as the Hungarians, they would never fortunate in having only their lords' captivity to lament, and were have been able to have returned home, but must have perished with somewhat comforted thereat; but the relations and friends of those cold and hunger on the road. Thus, wherever they came, whether who had been massacred were inconsolable, and the grief of France alone or in companies, they brought most melancholy news, which lasted a long time. The duke of Burgundy treated most kindly sir excited pity for themn in every breast that heard their sad tale. Jamnes de Helly, for having brought him intelligence of his son: he Those of the French nation, who had fled from Turkey, arrived at made him many rich gifts, and retained him for one of his knights, Paris, and told the melancholy event of the battle of Nicopoli; but with a pension of two htandred livres a-year during his life. The they were not believed nor listened to: the Parisians said it was a king of France also, and the lords of the court, gave him handsomne pity that such rascally liars were not hanged or drowned, for daily presents. He informed them he was bound to return to Bajazet, after spreading abroad so mauy falsehoods. This news was, however, he should have delivered his letters, as the sultan's prisoner; for he confirmed by others who arrived after them, and told the sanie tale, was sent solely with a view to publish Bajazet's victory, and to say some one way, and others differently, but all agreeing as to the coom. what lords had perished or been made prisoners at the battle of Nico. plete overthrow of the Hungarians and their allies. The king of poli. This seemed reasonable, and the king, the duke of Burgundy, France was very much vexed on hearing such melancholy news and such lords as were at Paris, prepared to write to their firiends talked of, for there were too many of his own relations implicated and relations who were prisoners. It was determined in council. that in the loss, besides other excellent knights and squires of France. the king should send some knight of renown, prudence, and valor to He therefore forbade anything to be said on the subject, until he Bajazet, who, having delivered his message, was to return with more should receive more positive inforimation, to confirm the truth or detailed accounts of the state of the prisoners, in case sir James do falsehood of these reports; and those who had divulged such news, Heliy were not permitted so to do by the sultan, whose prisoner he saying they were come from Turkey and Hungary, were arrested, was. Sir John de Chateaumorant was selected for this embassy, as and confined in the Chrltelet of Paris. They consisted of great being every way qualified for it. numbers, and were told, that if what they had said should be found Sir James de Helly was asked what jewels or presents would be false, orders had been given for all of them to be drowned; for the most acceptable to the sultan, that the count de Nevers and the other king was very wroth they should have published such disastrous prisoners might fare the better. The knight said that Bajazet took news. great pleasure in viewing fine tapestry from Arras or Picardy, which It happened that, on Christmas-day about noon, sir James de oIelly represented ancient histories: he was also fond of gerfalcons: but arrived in Paris, and the moment he had dismounted at his inn, he he thought that fine linen from Rheims, and scarlet cloths, would be inquired where the king was. They told him at the h6tel de Saint most acceptable to the sultan and his lords. There was plenty of Pol, on the banks of the Seine, whither he went. There was with cloths of gold and silks in Turkey, with which they were amply prothe king this day, as is usual on such solemn festivals, the duke of vided, and consequently would like things they could not get at home. Orleans, the dukes of Berry, Burgundy, and Bourbon, the count de The king and the duke of' Burgundy, therefore, resolved what to send, Saint Pol, and many of the nobility. Sir James de Holly entered for they were anxious to please Bajazet on account of the count of the h6tel in the same dress he had rode in, booted and spurred, so Nevers. Sir James de Helly remained at Paris, with the king and that he was not known; for he had, for a long time, been seeking lords about twelve days, and was well listened to by all: for lie en. adventures in foreign parts, in preference to living with his relations tertained them with his adventures in Hungary and Turkey, and with and friends. By fair speeches he got at last to thIe king's apartment, descriptions of the manners of Bajazet. On his departure, he was and made himself known, saying he was come immediately from told, "Sir James, you may now set out on your return to the sultan, Bajazet and Turkey, and that he had been present at the battle of at your leisure. We suppose you will go through Lombardy, to the Nicopoli, where the Christians had lost the day; and that he had duke of Milan; for he and Bajazet are great friiends, although they brought certain intelligence from the count de Nevers, and from the have never seen each other: but, whatever road you take, we entreat other French lords with whom he had marched through Htungary. and order you to wait in Hungary for sir John de Chateaurnorant, wNho The knights of the king's chamber were pleased to hear this; for will be sent by the king with presents to the sultan, as it is our intent hey knew the king, the duke of Burgundy, and many lords, were that he pursue his journey from Itungary in your company to Turkey, very anxious to learn true intelligence firom those countries. They or until you shall meet the sultan, that he may behave the more therefore made way for him to approach the king: when near, he kindly to the count de Nevers and his fellow-prisoners, who are now fell on his knees, as was right, and told all he had been charged in his power." Sir James promised obedience, and, having recelved with, as well by Bajazet, as by the count de Nevers and the French his dispatches, took leave of the king, the duke of Burgundy, and the lords his fellow-prisoners. The king and lords listened attentively other lords, and left Paris, following the same road by which ho had to all he said, for they believed he was speaking the truth. Many come. He continued his journey, firmly resolved never to return to questions were asked, in order to hear a more detailed account, to France until he had obtained his liberty. After his departtre, the all of which he answered very pertinently, and to the satisfaction of duke of Burgundy was constantly employed in preparing the presents the king, who was greatly affected at the loss the king of Hungary for the sultan; and, by the time they were provided, sir Joht de and his chivalry had suffered. He was somewhat comforted, that Chateaumorant was ready to set out, for he had begun his prepara. the king of Hungary had escaped death and prison; for he supposed tions for the journey on his being first nominated to go thithlr.'ThIey that he would renew the war against Turkey with vigor, and have made great haste to have the presents from the king to B;ujazet in ample revenge on Bajazet. time for sir John de ChAteauniorant to overtake sir Janmes de helly. The king of France and his lords were rejoiced that the count de These presents consisted of pieces of the best worked tapestry from Nevers, and his few companions, were free from danger of being Arras, representing the history of Alexander the Great and his conmurdered; and, as they were now prisoners, the lords debated on quests, which was a delightful sight for all men of honor, thle finest the means of paying their ransom. Sir James de Helly said that he linens fromn Rheims, and scarlet and crimson cloths, which were lhoped Bajazet would, within a year or two, sell them their liberty, packed on six sumpter-horses. All these things were oeasily to be for he was very avaricious. This he personally knew, having resided had for money; but there was great difficulty in procuring white a long time in Turkey, and for three years served Amurat, father to &gerfalcons. At last, however, they were got, either in Paris or from the present sultan. The king made the knight rise, and treated him Germany; and sir Jonts de Chateaumorant, having received his final kindly, as he did the lords present. They said, he had been very instrutctions, left Paris, and began his journey fifteen days tufter sir fortunate to have had a friend in so great a monarch as this infidel James de Helly. Bajazet, after such a severe battle, and to be sent by him with his In the interval during which these knights were on their iourany message to the king of France. He and his family ought to pride the king of Hungary returned to his kingdom. On his arrival beinig themselves on such good fortune. The king ordered all who }had known, his subjects were greatly rejoiced, and fiocho.d to him. fur he been confined in the Chatelet, for having first spread abroad this was much beloved. They comforted him by saying, mat if in this intelligence, to be set at liberty. They were happy to hear this, for campaign he had been unfortunate, in another he would be more many of them had repented they had talked so much. successful. The king bore his mis[fortunes as well as lie could. Im CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 591 mediately after the battle, Bajazet disbanded his army and marched sir John to pursue his road to him. When sir James mentioned it. to the city of Bursa, carrying with him his prisoners. They were the king of Hungary replied he would do well. On this the knight, put under strict confinement, and very little comfort allowed them. having procured guides, was conducted by them through Hungary They suffered much friom the change of diet, as they had always been and Wallachia to Bursa, but did not find there Baj'azet, who was accustomed to have their own cooks, and their tables served with gone to another town in Turkey called Poly. Wherever he went he every delicacy; but of all this they were deprived, and forced to live carried the prisoners with him, excepting the lord de Coucy, who on coarse meat, and that badly or not thoroughly dressed. They had was left at Bursa, unable to ride from sickness. There tarried with plenty of spices, and millet bread, which is disagreeable to a French him his cousin, a valiant baron from Greece, and a descendant of palate. They had great difficulty in procuring wine: although they the dukes of Austria, called the lord de Mathelin. were great princes, there was not any attention paid them, for the Sir James de Helly continued his journey to Poly, where he met Turks were indifferent whether they were sick or in health; and, if Bajazet, who was glad to see him return from France, and keep his the advice of several had been adopted, they would all have been word. Sir James humbled himself much before him, and saia. put to death. "Most dear and redoubted lord, here is your prisoner, who has deThese lords of France comforted each other, and thankfully re- livered, to the best of his abilities, the message you have charged ceived whatever was given them, for they could no way better them. him with." Bajazet replied, "Thou art welcome, for thou hast loy. selves. At the beginning of their captivity, several of them were ally acquitted thyself; and, in consideration of it, I now give thee very unwell: the count de Nevers bore his misfortune the best, and thy liberty." Sir James thanked him respectfully for this favor, and kept up his spirits to comfort the others. IHe was assisted by the told him that the king of France, and the duke of Burgundy, father lord Boucicaut, the count de la Marche, and lord Henry de Bar, who to the count de Nevers his prisoner, had sent him an honorable said, that the honors and glories of arms could not be gained without knight with credential letters as embassador, and likewise with such meeting with unfortunate reverses; and that no man, however valiant grand presents as he was sure would give him delight. The sultan or!ucky, or accustomed to war, had everything according to his wish; asked if he had seen them. He replied, " I have not; but the knight and that they ought to thank God, for having had their lives saved charged with the commission has brought them as far as Hungary, from the furious rage of Bajazet and his followers, for it had been and is now at Buda waiting my return, with passports for him to determined by the army to put every one to death. Boucicaut said, continue his journey: I came to announce this news to you, and te "I ought to be more thankful than any one to God for my life being solicit passports, if it be agreeable to you to receive him." "We spared, for I was brought out to be massacred as my companions had are very willing he should have passports, and you may have them been, and should have lost my head, had not my lor;d of Nevers cast made out in any form you choose." The knight thanked him fox himself on his knees to 3Bajazet, who, at his request, goanted me his his gracious answer, when the sultan left him to attend to other pardon, I hold this a most fortunate escape; and since it was the affairs. About an hour afterwards, sir James requested the Sultan's good pleasure of our lord that I should live, I have no doubt but that permission to visit and converse with the French prisoners, as he had God, who has delivered us from this peril, will continue his mercy to much to say to them from their friends and relations. Bajazet was us, for we are his soldiers; and that we shall soon obtain our liberty, some time silent before he gave him an answer, when he said, for we are now suffering in his cause. Besides, sir James de IHelly " Thou shalt see one of them, but no more." He then made a sign is on his road to FPrace, who will relate to the king and barons our to his attendants for the count de Nevers to be brought to converse distress; and I expect, within the year, we shall receive comfort and with sir James for a short space, and then to be carried back:o his our liberty. Things will not remain long as they are. There is prison. The order was instantly obeyed; and the count de Nevers much good sense in the king and the duke of Burgundy, who will saw sir James de Helly with great joy. He made many inquiries never forget us; and, by sonie means or other, we shall receive suffi. after the king of France, the duke and duchess of Burgundy, and cient sums for our ransoms." what was passing in that country. The knight related to him every. Thus the gallant. knight, the lord Boucicaut, comforted himself, thing he had seen or heard, and delivered him all the messages he and bore his captivity with patience, as did likewise the young count had been charged with; but they were greatly interrupted by the de Nevers; but the lord de Coucy was sorely afflicted, which is not officers of the sultan, who pressed them to finish their conversation, to be wondered at. Before this event, he had been a lord of such they had other business to attend to. high spirit as nothing could cast down: this captivity in Turkey, Sir James asked the count if all the other French lords were in however, preyed on his mind more than it did on the spirits of the good health. He replied, "All, except the lord de Coucy, who haE others, and he became quite melancholy. He complained of great remained sick at Bursa; and this favor, I understand, h4s been oppression at his heart, and said he should never return to France; granted thinough the credit of the lord do Mathelin, who has pledged that he had escaped many perils and dangerous adventures, but this himself for him, and is much esteemed by the sultan." Sir James would be his last. The lord Henry de Bar consoled him, and blamed then told him that the king and duke of Burgundy had sent sir John him for being so disconsolate without cause; and told him it was Ch&teaumorant as embassador to Bajazet, with most magnificent folly to be thus cast down, when he ought to findmore satisfaction presents to soften the sultan's anger; but that sir John had stopped in his own mind than any other. Notwitstanding the advice he was at Buda in Hungary, until he should return with a passport for him giving, he himself severely felt his own situation, and bitterly regret- and his attendants; that the sultan had promised him a passport, ted his wife. The count d'Eu, constable of France, suffered from with which he intended returning to Buds in a very few days. The similar regrets. Sir Guy de la Tremonille and the count de la Marche count de Nevers was exceedingly rejoiced on hearing this; but he kept up their spirits very tolerably. Bajazet was desirous they should dared not give way to his feelings, for the Turks were observing have some amusements in their captivity, and at times visited and them. The last words the count said to him were, "Sir James, I conversed with them most graciously: he was likewise anxious they understand that Bajazet has given you your liberty, and that you should witness his state and power. may return to France when you please. On your arrival there, tell We will now leave them, and return to sir James de Helly and sir my lord and father from me, that if he have any intention to ransom fohn de Chkteaumorant, who were both journeying toward Hungary. me and my companions, he must not delay to negotiate through the means of Venetians or Genoese merchants, and close with the first offer the sultan, or his ministers for him, may make; for we are lost CH A PTER LXx.XV. for ever, if it be longer neglected. But I understand that the sultan is very loyal and courteous in his character, when applied to propIt JAM1ES DE ItELLY, ON HIS RETURN TO TURKEY, OBTAINS HIS LIBERTY, erly. AND CARRIES A PASSPORT FROM THE SULTAN TO SIR JOHN DE CHASTEL- Thus ended their interview, and the count de Nevers was conSORANT tIN HUNGARY'. SIR JOaIN DE CHASTELMORANT IS FORCED TO ducted back to prison. Sir James de Helly hastened the passport SEND A MESSENGER TO THE IKING OF FRANcE, TO INFOPRM HIM THAT which had been promised him. When it had been drawn out in the THE KING OF HUNGARIY WILL NOT ALLOW THE PRESENTS TO BE usual form, and sealed by Bajazet, it was delivered to the knight, CARRIED TO TtlE SULTAN. ~~CAB~~RR~tED TO THE SULTAN. )who took leave of the sultan and his court, and set off on his return Si, James de Holly waited about ten or twelve days at Buda, in to Buda. He instantly waited on sir John de Chateaumorant, who Hungary, for sir John de Chateaurnorant, who was continuing his was impatiently expecting him, and said, "I bring you a passport road as expeditiously as he could. Sir James was rejoiced at his for yourself and your attendants to go and return in safety from arrival; for lhe was impatient to return to Turkey to acquit himself Turkey, which the sultan readily granted me." "That is well of his promise, and to see and bring comfort to the count de Nevers done," replied sir John: "let us go to the king of Hungary, and and the other French lords who were prisoners. The king of Hun- tell him the news. To-morrow morning I will begin my journey, gary made sir John de Chateaumorant a kind of welcome, in com- for I have stayed here long enough." They went to the king's pliment to the king of France and his royal cousins. He learnt chamber, and related to him all you have just heard. The king re. from his people that the knight was carrying magnificent presents, plied, "Ch~tteaumorant and Helly, Ism glad to see you both, as and rich jewels, to the sultan: this vexed him greatly, but he pru- well on your own account as for the affection I bear to the king and dently dissembled any knowledge of it until sir James de Helly my cousins of France, and I shall at all times be happy to serve you. should have set out for Turkey. He declared, however, to his con- You may travel through any part of my kingdom, unmolested, or fidential friends, that the recreant dog, Bajazet, should never receive even into Turkey, if it be your pleasure; but with regard to your any presents from France or elsewhere, if he had the power to pre- carrying any rich presents or jewels to the sultan, which you, Ch.vent it. When sir James had refreshed himself some time at Buda, teaumorant, are charged with from France, I will never consent that he took leave of the king and ChOteaumorant, to continue his jour- they pass through my kingdom, to be offered to the infidel Baja.zet,,ey to Turkey, that he might obtain from the sultan a passport for for he shall never be enriched by them. I should be extremely 592 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. blamed and laughed at, if in future times he be enabled fo boast, king or court, for he took pleasure in attending public business and that to gain his love, and from fear, because he has gained a victory the different councils on the aiffairs of the realm. over me, and detains some great barons of France prisoners, the Galeas duke of' Milan, was duly informed of the infamous crimes king of France and his princes have sent him rich presents. In re. his daughter, the duchess of Orleans, was accused of. IIe deeply spect to the gerfalcons, I am indifferent whether he have them or felt the injury, and had twice or thrice sent embassadors to France, not; for bi:ds fly anywhere, and are as soon lost as given; but with to exculpate his daughter to the king of France and his council, respect to fine tapestry, which would remain a proof of his boastings offering, at the same time, a knight or knights that should engage in being true, I will not consent that he enjoy the pleasure of possessing mortal combat any person who should dare to accuse his daughter it. Therefore ChAteaumorant," continued the king of Hungary, "ift of such iniquitous and treasonable practices. The duke of Milan youn wish to make a journey into Turkey, to see Bajazet, and present threatened to make war on France; for he had learnt that the king, i`n with the falcons, you may do so; but you shall not carry any- when he gave his daughter in marriage to the king of England, be thing else." tween Ardres and Calais, had declared, that on his return to Paris Sir John de Chateaumorant replied, "Certainly, sire, it is not the he would not attend to anything until he should march a large army intention of the king ofFrance, nor to his honor more than to that of the into the Milanese; and that his son-in-law, king Richard, had, to lords who have sent me, that I fail in any particular in the accom- his great satisfaction, offered him one thousand English spears and plishment of the objects they have charged me with." "Very well," six thousand archers. Galeas had likewise heard that purveyances said the king: "you will not at present have any other answer firom were making throughout Dauphiny and Savoy for the king of France, me than what you have heard." The two knights left the apartment, for it was by Piedmont he intended entering Lombardy. This exand consulted together how to act, for this refusal of the king of pedition, however, was laid aside, and no more thought of, when the Hungary had disconcerted them. They thought their only expedient news arrived of the unfortunate issue of the battle of Nicopoli, and was to send off a messenger express, with the account of the king the death and captivity of the French nobles. The king and the off Hungary's conduct to the king of France and the duke of Bur- duke of Burgundy were so afflicted at this event, that they could not gundy, for them to provide a remedy, and to explain the causes of attend to anything else; they besides knew that the duke of Milan their delay. They wrote, in consequence, letters to the king and the was on the most friiendly terms with Bajazet, which was an addi. duke of Burgundy, and engaged a trusty messenger to carry them, tional reason at this moment not to, push any hostile attempts agains4 whom they supplied with a sufficiency of money for him frequently him, and he was left unmolested. to change his horses on the road, that he might hasten his journey, while they waited his return at Buda. The messenger journeyed with great diligence to Paris, and delivered his letters to the king of France and the duke of Burgundy. CHAPTER LXXXVI I. Having read them, they were much surprised and vexed that the THE DUKE AND DUCHESS OF BURGUNDY DILIGENTLY EXERT THEMiSELVES king of Hungary should prevent their embassador from continuing TO FIND MEANS TO RANSOM THE COUNT DE NEVERS, THEIR SON, ANr his journey with the presents to the sultan of Turkey, as they ordered msm FELLOw-PRISONERS IN TURKEY. THE KING OF HUNGARY, TtIEMUGhim to do. The duke of Berry, however, excused the king of Hun- THE PERSUASION OF THE ORAND-MASTER OF rHODES, PERMITS TOE EM gary, saying hlie was no way to blame; for it was too debasing to a BAssADOR FROM TIlE KING OF FRANCE TO PASS THROUGH HIS KINGDOM king of France to send presents and jewels to such a recreant pagan WITH THE PRESENTS FOR TIHE SULTAN BAJAZET. king. The duke of Burgundy was more nearly affected in the matter, and defended the measure as reasonable, since fortune had been THE duke ande duchess of Burgundy considered every possibl so favorable, to give the sultan a victory, in which the whole force means of recoverin thei son. As they new they mst pay very large sumi for his ransom, they reduced their expenses as much as of the king of Hungary was slain or put to flight, and the greater ge su for is ransom, they reduced their expenses as much as t3 0 ~~~osible, to gather all the money they could; without this, the) part of the nobles made prisoners that had been in the battle. It possible, to gather all the money tey could; ithout this, the therefore behooved their relations and friends to adopt every mode fur knew they could not succeed; and made many friends anong the Venetian and Genoese merchants, for through their means the ran their deliverance, if they were desirous of seeing them again. This Veetian and Genoese merhants, for through teirmeans the an som w ere to be negotiated. The duke of Burgundy resided with speech of the duke of Burgundy was supported by the king and sons were to be negotiated. The duke of urgundy resided with cncil. The ing asked the due of Bery, "Good uncle, if tis the king, who conversed with him frequently on affairs of state, and cultan Bajazet, or aney other pagan king, were to send you a rich ind paid attention to what he said; for the duke had the principal share.sultan Bajazet, or any'other pagan king, were to send you a rich and parkhin r uby, would you accept of it?" "My lord," replied the in the government, which made his own affairs prosper the more uke, " I should considerua p of it." The king reminded him, that it At this time there lived in Paris a Lombard, who was a great and duke" I houl coside of t." The king reminded him, that it9 was not ten years since the sultan had sent him a ruby that tid cost rich merchant, and transacted business for the other Lombards: he swenty thousand feancs. tsa ae i ry t twas known and spoken of all over the world, wherever commerce The king of Hungary was condemned by all for havin~ preveisted was carried on: his name was Dinde Desponde, and by hinm all ex. The king of Hungary was condemned by all for having prevented cagswr nd.I eoeteeeto h ateo ioo the presents from being carried to the sultan, which might have the change were made. If before the event of the battle of Nicopo M ~~~hane, wer ades beloved o th e eveng of Fac n the battle of his eourtohi effect of adding to the distressful state of the French lords that were he wsbeoved the king of France and the lords of is court, prisoners. The king was therefore advised to write courteous letters was now much more so, and had frequent consultations with thi to the king of Hungary, to request that he would rno longer prevent duke of Burgundy on the surest meats to recover his son, and tho his embassador fom proceeding on his journey with th pento other lords who were prisoners in Turkey. Dinde Desponde said to his embassador fi'om proceeding on his journey with the presents to the court of Turkey. When they had been fairly written out aid the duke, " Mylord, by degrees all things are brought about. Th sealed, they were given to the messenger from Hungary, who, leav- merchants of Genoa, and of the islands under their obedience, aing Paris, set out on his return to Buda. well known everywhere, and traffic with Cairo, Alexandria, Damas cue, Damietta, and Turkey, and in different countries of infidels for trade, my lord, as you know, finds its way everywhere, and rules the world. Write, therefore, to the Genoese, and prevail on th, C H A P T E R L X X X V I. king to do so likewise, in a friendly manner, promising them greal THE DUCHESS OF ORLEANS IS SUSPECTED OF CAUSING THE KING's rewards if they will undertake the business; for there is nothing bu' ILLNESS. may be accomplished with money. The king of Cyprus, who is t near to Turkey, and now at peace with the sultan, may also assist ih. EVv.~~ year the kring of France had relapses of his fi'enzy, withthe matter. You must suppose that, as for myself, I will exert m5 out any physician or surgeon being mfble to prevent it. Some indeed e tte umst ou t o y ieertn powers to the utmllost, for I am bound to obey you in everything." had boasted that they would restore him to sound health, but it was The duke and duchess of Burgundy neglected no means to free soon found they labored in vain. The king's disorder never ceased their fom his captivity, for they were sorely afflicted by it. e until it had run its course, in spite of prayers and medicines. Some was the heir o hi vast possessions; and this misfortune had hap.,)f he hyscias ad socerrs ho tteded he ing onfiningwas the heir to their vast possessions; and this misfortune had hap. if the physicians and sorcerers who attended the king, on finding pended to him ot his fist onset in arms. The ladies of France la. Z pended to him onl his first onset in arms. The ladies of France la. their labor lost, declared the king must have been poisoned or en- mented the loss of their husbands and friends, especially the lady of chanted by some pernicious herbs. This agitated greatly the mindsofomfort, and bewled him day and night Couey, who refused all comfort, and bew0Jled him day and night the nobility and people, for these sorcerers affirmed, the better to gain The duke of Lorrain and sir Ferr do Lorrain, her brothers, visited he' belief, that the king was under the power of sorcery, and that they at Saint Cobin,* where she resided, and consoled her as well as the) knew it fromo the devil who had revealed it to them. Several of could. They advised her to send into Turkey to gain some intelli. these conjurors had been burnt at Paris and Avignon, for having gone gence of him, for they had heard he had greater liberty allowed him so far as to say that the duchess of Orleans, daughter to the duke of than the other prisoers The lady thanked her brothers for this d C, ~~~~than the other prisoners. The lady thanked her brothers for this ad. Milan, was the cause of this mischief, that she might succeed to the vice, and instantly sent for sir Robert Desne, a good and valian Zn ~~~vice, and instantly sent for sir Robert Desne,t a good and valiant crown of France. This was so much believed, that common report knight of the Cambresis. She entreated him so sweetly, urging him, said she had frequently practiced such arts, and that, so long as she out of affection to her, to undertake a journey into Turkey, tat th was near the person of the kringr, he neither would nor could regzain tn knight consented, and engaged to go thither and bring back full in. his health.. It was therefore necessary, to put an end to this slander, tehlinence of the lord de Coucy. that the duchess of Orleans should quit Parie. She went first to resideat snires a eryhansom casle earPonois, tat elu ed Sir Robert soon made his prepar~ations, and, accompanied by four side at Asni~res, a very handsome castle near Pontoise, that belonged ohr e u o ubr.I iemne i te aisi ohrs,stotfr Hugr.In like manner did other ladies in to the duke her lord, and then to Neufchf.teau, on the Loire, which also belonged to him. The duke of Orleans was very melancholy * Saint Gobia," near La tere ma Picardy, new famous for is fine masnufactume emi an hearing such injurious reports against his duchess, which he dis- looking-glasses. embled as well as he could, and never on this account quitted the t "sir Robert Desne." Sir Robert de Seu, MSIS. B. M. and iatfbd. CH1RONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 593 France send to inquire aFter their husbands. The king of IHun- battle, and the people of this country, who are always eager to figh! gary was very obstinate in his refusal to allow sir John de Chateau- with those richer than themselves, for the sake of the spoil, would l:aorant to contiinue his journey to Turkey with the presents fr-om the venture boldly, in the hope of having the like success with their anking of France to thile sult;an. Though this greatly displeased sir cestors under the king my father, of hapiy niemory, and my brother Jiohn and sir James de IHelly, they could not prevail on him to alter the prince of Wales. his resolution. It happened that the grand-master of Rhodes came "I am the last of the royal family of England; but were I beft this time to Buda. He was most kindly received by the king, as lieved, I would be the first to renew the wars, to retaliate for the indeed he ought to have been, for on the day of the battle he had wrongs that have been done us, and which they are daily dmng by saved the king firom death or captivity. He made acquaintance the connivance and weakness of our rulers, more particularly oi'our with the two knights firom France, who related to him the conduct head the king of' England, who has allied himself by marriage wit. of the king of Hungary, and the circumstance of his detaining them the daughter of his enemy the king of France. That is a saure proof at Buda. He was much surprised, and said, to soften their anger, he will have no war: certainly not: he is too heavy behind, and he would speak to the king on the subject, and, as they should soon1 only wishes for the pleasures of the table and the amusements of laexperience, with good effect. He managed the matter so prudently dies. That is not the life for men-at-arms, who are desirous of re. with the king, that they were permitted to continue their journey to Inown and profit. I have not forgotten my last expedition through Turkey with all their presents, which were restored to them. The France. I might have had with me about two thousand lances and embassador arrived in safety at the place where Bajazet resided, eight thousand archers. When we crossed the sea, we entered owing to the passports sir James de Helly had brought to him. The France by way of Calais, and continued our march through the sultan received the knights, and their presents from the king of country, without meeting any one to oppose us or offer us battle. France, with much respect, and seemed very proud of what the king Such formerly was the success of sir Robert Knolles, sir Hugh Cal. had sent him. The knights were only permitted to have one inter- verley, sir Thomas Grandson, sir Philip Gifford; but they had nriot view with the count de Nevers, but with none of the others: this, as mnay men as I had under their command, and yet they marched however, was of a sufficiently long continuance. On their taking to the gates of Paris, and demanded battle from the king of France. leave, the count said: "Recommend me to my lord and father, the No one, however, ventured out to answer their challenge, and they duke of Burgundy, to my lady-mother, to my lord the king, and to continued their route without interruption into Brittany. You might my lord of Berry, and salute in my riame all my friends. Should then have marched from Calais to Bordeaux, without any one da. there be any negotiation going forward with Bajazet, urge the speedy ring to oppose you; but I am persuaded whoever should now atteript conclusion, for we suffer from every delay. We were originally it would be comnbated; for he who at present signs himself king of eight prisoners, but are now increased, by sixteen more, to twenty. France is young, active, and has a strong desire to achieve some four:* let the ransom include all of us, for it will be as readily gallant enterprise. Hie would therefore fight with us, whatever might agreed to for the whole as for one. Bajazet has settled this in his be the consequences, and that is everything we could desire; for it own mind, and you may depend on his steadiness; and those who has been by battle and victories over the French, who are so rich, have sent you hither may rely on his word, for it is ineciable.'" Sir that we are become wealthy: if peace continue, we shall languish James de Helly and Sir John de Chbteaumorant replied, they would and become more enervated than ever, since my nephew camle to, say and do everything he had directed. They then took leave ofI the throne of England. Things canlnot long remain in this state, the count de Nevers, and tile sultan, and set out for Iungary and before the people will perceive and redress them. The king raises France. On their return, they met the messenger whom they had heavy taxes on the Ilmerchants, who are greatly discontented: he sent to Paris, as has been mentioned, bringing letters to the king of squanders the money no one knows how, and thus is the kingdom, Hungary. They made him come back with them, as he had now of Enlgland impoverished. True it is, that he gives largely to those no occasion to proceed farther, for they had been in Turkey; and about him, and in whom he confides, but the people pay for this,, they all returned together, to the kiing of France at Paris. and it will shortly cause a rebellion; for they already begin to mur-.. mur, and to say publicly that such measures must nriot longer be sufL. fered. Thie king gives out that as soon as the truces between France and England shall be signed, he will make a voyage to Ire. CHAPTER LXXXVIII. land, and employ there his men-at-armrs and archers. He has al. THE DUKE OF GLOUCESTER PLOTS THE DESTRUCTtON OF HIS NEPHEWN, THE ready been there, and gained but little, for Ireland is not worth xKIN OF ENGLAND. THE KING, HAVING INFORMATION O- HIS PRACTICES, conquering: the Irish are a poor and wicked people, with an impov. HAS HIM ARRESTED BY THE EARL MARSHIAL. erished country; and he who should conquer it one year, would lose it the next. Laerldngay, Lackiingay! all you have just heard me sayP I HAVE been some time without saying anything of the duke of it te next. Lacigay, Lackigay! all you have just eard me say Gloucester, the youngest son of the late king Edward of England, consider as truth. But I will now spea o Such were the conversations, as it was afterwaids known, between for I have not had cany cause for so doing, thutdke owGlouestewarsdIrisknof M ~~~~~~the, duke of Gloucester and his knight. lie had conceived a great him, because his heart would no way incline to the French, and lhe t. Ie ad conceived a great was more pleased than hurt at the melancholy loss they had sustained hatred to his nephew, the king of England, ard could ro way speak in Turkey. Hle had wrth him a krnight called sir John Lackinagay, well of him; and although lie was, with his brother of Lancaster, who was his most confidential adviser, and, as it was afterwards dis. the greatest personage in England, and one by whose advice the covered, held with him such coversations as the flowing: These government ought to have been carried on, he paid not any atten. c.overed, held with him such conversations as the followingC,: "These r tion to it. When tihe king sent for him, if it was his pleasure he vain-boasting French have been nearly annihilated in Turkey. Such knights and squires as join company with them know not what they would come, but more fequetly he staid at home; and, when are about, and are ill-advised when they do so, for they are so full obeyed, lie was always the last to come ard the first to depart. On of vanity and presumption, that they never can bring to a successful giving his opinion, it must be implicitly followed, for he would not suf. issue anything they undertakle. This has often been apparent duing ferit to be contradicted. He ther toolk leave, mounted lis horse, and set 111off for a handsome castle he had in Essex, thirty miles from London, the wars of my lord and father, and our brother the prince of Wales, off for a handsome castle he had in Essex, thirty miles from London, for they never could obtain a victory over our men. I lknow notcled leshy, where he resided ore constantly than anywhere else why we have any truces with them: if it were war with them, as This lord Thomas was a great lord, and could afford to expend anwe have good caue have for qcuarrl, we would wage w wit now more suc- nually, from his incomre, sixty thousand crowns. He was duke of wehavegd cause for q rel we woud we it nw ore seGloucester, earl of Essex and Buckingham, and constable of Engcessfully than ever, for the flower of the French chivalry is slain or land; and, froni his rough manner, was more dreaded by the king m captivity. Our countrymen wish for war, for without it they can. than an his uncles, for, in his speech, he never spared him not exist, and idleness to men-at-arms is death. I swear, therefore, The ky other of hisumsiet him w ever aed w The king was alwatys submissive to him, and what~ever he asked was by God, that if I be alive, and in health, two years hence, the war Inga a u e o la r er h eaed s shall be renewed, for I will not keep any truce or peace. T'he instantly granted. The duke of Gloucester had ordered many severe shall be renewed, for I wilt not keep any truce or peace. Th-e I French have shown how little they have regarded them in former and hasty executions in England, and, without ary title of reason or timnes, anu have, by whatever treacherous ard underhand means justice, had caused that prudent and gallant knight sir Simon Burley they could devise, deprived us of the duchy of Aquitaine, which to be beheaded, with many others of the king's council. This duke likrewise caused the banishment of the archbishop of York and the was given up to my late lord and father, in conformity to a sound liewise caused the banishment of the archbishop of Yor and the of peace. This I have more than once chaed the ith, duke of Ireland from England, notwithstanding the confidence the treaty of peace. This I have more than once charged them with, king reposed in them, accusing them of giving evil counsel to the in the conference onil the other side of the sea; but they made such I. koing, keeping him under their governance, and wasting the revenues. flourishing and complimentary speeches, they always lighted on their rng, eeping him under their governance, and wasting the revenue feet, and I was not attended to either by the Iking or by my brotaers. of tae hingdorr on themselves. The duke of Gloucester's two broth. If the king of England had a good head, and were as desirous as I ers of Lancaster and Yorlk resided generally with the king: he was. am of war, and worlnd talce some pains to recover the inheritance jealous of them, and said to several (such as Robert* bishop of Lon. they have shamefiirly stolen from him, he would find one hundred d others) wao went to visit him at his castle of Pleshy, That thlousand archers and six thousand men-at-arms willing to cross the his brothers were too expensive to tie king, and that it would be. more decent for taeni to live at their own houses. Theduke gained, sea, aind ready to serve him with their lives aind fortunes. But tainrg1s are riot so. At. this monent we have ama uriwarhikre kig~, who by every possible means, the love of the Londoners; for he thought, if he acquired popularity with them, the rest of England would folk s indiffere nt as o farsorewise h.e soauw himself i1, Franc low their example. The dulce had a nephew, son to his brother for there never was so f vorable an opportunity to carry thae war _ thithrer as at this present monient, sinace thaey would be a sunred of a * Robert Braylbook, who succeeded Courtnay, on his translation to Canterbury, 11 - ashd diedt 1,13t. h:avrn beers charnmcellor of England scarcely six nnrctln. —Gounan'es PIcaI. ~The 5'8S. say nine K".e~nrsm, wre, p. t9. 594 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. Lionel, duke of Clarence, who had married the daughter of Galeas, have sworn to support him in all his lawful measures to the utmost lord of Milan, and died at Asti in Piedmont. The duke of Glouces- of their power, and are now willing to continue their aid in main. tei would gladly have seen his nephew, called John earl of March,* taining all legal grants. Consider, therefore, calmly, this matter, and on the throne of England, and Iking Richard deposed from it, saying that the state of the king demands great expense; if his revenue is he was neither worthy nor capable to hold the government of Eng- augmented one way it is diminished another; besides, his receipts land; and this opinion he made secret of to those who were in his are not so considerable as they were in former times. The war has confidence. He invited this earl of March to come and see him; and involved greater costs than were provided for.'The expenses of the when at Pleshy, he unbosomed himself to him of all tile secrets of embassadors for the peace, on this and on the other side of the sea, his neart, telling him that he had been selected for king of England; have called for large sums; and those for the king's marriage have that king Richard and his queen were to be confined, but with ample been very great. Although there is now a truce between England provision for their maintenance, as long as they lived; and he earn- and France, the annual charges for the garrisons of the different towns estly besought his nephew to believe all he had said, for he should and castles under the obedience of the king in Gascony, the Bourde. make it a point to put his plans into execution, and that he was lois, Bayonnois, and Bigorre, are very heavy. The fleet which must already joined by the earl of Arundel, sir John Arundel, the earl of be maintained to guard our coasts and harbors, costs a great deal. Warwick, and many prelates and barons of England. The frontiers of Scotland, and of our possessions in Ireland, must not The earl of March was thunderstruck on hearing this proposal be left defenceless, and they demand large sums. All these articles, from his uncle; but, young as he was, he dissembled his real senti- and several others relating to the state of the king and country of ments, and prudently replied, to please his uncle and to get away, England, annually absorb great sums, which the nobles and prelates that he never thought of such things, and they were of such a mag- understand and know much better than you can, who attend only to nitude as to require his deliberate consideration. The duke then, your trades and the disposal of your wares. Give thanks to God that observing the manner of his nephew, desired that he would keep ye have peace, and consider that no one pays that is not liable so what he had said very secret. This he promised faithfully to do, to do, and carries on a trade, and that foreigners pay this tax as and, taking his leave, hastened firom him, anrid instantly went to his well as yourselves. Ye are much better off than those of France. estates in Ireland: he would never listen nor seid any answer to all Lombardy, or other countries, where it is to be hoped your merchan. the proposals his uncle made him, excusing himself honorably firom disc is carried; for they are taxed and taxed over again, three or taking part in them, as he foresaw they must end badly. The duke four times a-year, while ye have only a moderate duty imposed or, of Gloucester employed all possible means to stir up troubles in Eng- your wares." The duke of Lancaster addressed them so mildly land, and excite the Londoners against the king. The year that a and calmly, that although they came thither with the worst intentions truce had been signed between:Enogtand aind Franiice, to last for thirty firom tihe machinations of others, they were satisfied; and the assem. years, king Richard and his queen came to London, on their return bly brolke up without making any new demand, for the deputies firom from France: the duke of Gloucester whispered the citizens to pe- the majority of the principal towns were contented with the answer. tition the king to abolish all taxes and subsidies which had been im- There were some who would have rejoiced to haw seen the meeting posed for the last twenty years, as it was reasonable they should now end differently, though they did not show it openly. The duke of cease, since a truce had been signed for so long a term, and they hatd Gloucester returned to his castle of Pleshy, perceiving that this time been levied solely as war-taxes, to pay the men-at-arms and archers he was disappointed in his expectations, and was constantly devising in support of the war. He told the merchants, " it was hard to pay means of exciting disturbances in England, and causing a rupture thirteen florins out of every hundred as a tax on merchandise, which with France. In this attempt he was joined by the uncle of his were spent in idle dances and feasts: you pay for them and are sorely duchess, the earl of Arundel, who was desirous of war above all oppressed. Add to your petition a remonstrance for the realm to be things; and they had successfully practiced with the earl of Wargoverned. according to ancient custom and usages, and that when- wick, so that he obeyed their wills. ever there shall be any necessity to raise money for the defence of The king of England had two brothers by his mother's side; the the kingdom, you will tax yourselves with such sums as shall be eldest, Thomas earl of Kent; the youngest, a valiant knight, sir John satisfactory to the king and his council." This advice of the duke of Holland earl of Huntingdon, and chamberlain of England. The Gloucester was followed by the Londoners, and many of the princi. last was married to a daughter of the duke of Lancaster; and it was pal towns. They collected together, and went in a body to the king lie who had killed the earl of Stafford's son, as has baen mentioned at Eltham, where they demanded redress of what they complained of, in this history. The issue of the earl of Staffold was a young squire and that all taxes which had been raised for the support of the war who was under the protection and wardship of the duke of Glouces should be instantly abolished. Only two of the king's uncles were ter. The earl of Huntingdon resided chiefly at the court of hL present when the citizens presented their petition and remonstrance, brother the king of England, and. wats batter acquainted than any namely, the dukes of Lancaster and York. The king desired they other with the intrigues of the duk.e if Gloccester, firom the private would answer the Londoners and the other citizens who had accom. inquiries he made into his conrduct. He was much afraid of the panied them, but particularly the duke of Lancaster; who said to duke, for he knew him, to be proud, cruel, and passionate: he nourthem: "My fair sirs, you will now, eacil of you, return to your homes, ished his enemy uider hi.s cys, for the crime hlie had committed on and, within a month friom this day, come to the palace of Westmin. the earl of Staflbrd's son had never been forgiven. King Richard ster, when the king, his nobles and prelates of the council, shall be was naturally fond of his brother, and supported him against all: he assembled, and your petition and remonstrance be taken into consid- saw with paini that his uncle of Gloucester was his enemy, and took eration. What shall then be thought right to maintain or abolish much trouble to form a party against him to force him to leave tihe will be determined upon, and you may depend on having such redress kingdom. He and the earl of Huntingdon conversed frequently on as ought to satisfy you." this subject; during which time, the count de Saint Pol arrived in This answer contented some, but not all; for there were among England, whither he had been sent by the king of France to see his them rebels attached to the duke of Gloucester, who wanted a more daughter, the young queen of England, how they were going on, and speedy decision of their demands; but the dukes of Lancaster and to cultivate affection between the two countries; for, since the truce York appeased them by gentle words, and they all departed. The had been signed, it was the intention of the two kings and their matter, however, did not rest here; but at the month's end they again councils, that France and England should be on the most friendly went to the king at Westminster, who was surrounded by his nobles terms with each other, in spite of what their ill-wishers might attempt and prelates. The duke of Gloucester was now present, and leant to the contrary. much to the petitioners; but, in the answer which was made to them, The king and the earl of Huntingdon made the count de Saint he dissembled his real thoughtis, in order that the king, his brothers, Pol a hearty welcome on hiA arrival, as well from love to the Iking and the members of his council might not notice them. The duke of France as because he had married their sister. At this moment, of Lancaster replied for the king, and, addressing himself to the neither the dukes of Lancaster nor of York were with the king; for Londoners, as they composed the majority, said: Ye citizens of they began to dissemble with him, and to suspect, from the great London, it pleases my lord the king that I give an answer to your murmurings in many parts of England on the king's conduct, that petition: in obedience to his command, I shall declare to you what affairs would not end well: they therefore wished not to be called the king and his council have determined upon. You know, that to upon by the king or people, but left the whole to the duke of Glouenprovide against dangers to the kingdom, ye, as well as the other cities cester and his accomplices. The king of England discoursed very and towns within the realm, agreed, about six years ago, that a tax freely with the count de Saint Pol, as well on the state of the counof thirteen per cent. should be laid on all merchandise that was sold, try as concerning his uncle the duke of Gloucester, whom he described and for which the king granted to you many privileges such as he as very rough in his manners and rebellious in his conduct, and he will not take from you, but on the contrary augment, if ye prove not related to him various instances of his slights. The count de Saint undeserving of the favor. But since ye seem now to turn rebellious, Pol, on hearing them, was much surprised, and replied, "that such and draw back from what ye had willingly before agreed to, he re- behavior ought not longer to be borne; for, my lord," added he, "if cels his former favors: and here are his nobles and prelates, who you suffer him to go on, he will be your ruin. It is currently reported in France, that his only object is to break the truce and renew the *'H~e was third son of E~dward Mortimer earl of March, by Ph~ilippa, daughter of wrbtenFac n nln:b iteadltl ewl i Lonel duk~e of'Clatrence, and was hanged 3rd Henry VI. Sandford, p. Z1l. Froissart Liommt ditie o Clarmmeeanitwas hnged rd ttenryVIetwedfodFp.anceroiasrt wagbeteen:FanceandtEglandnby ittleand lttlehe lwilwwi means Roger, his etder brother, slain in Ireland, 22nd Richard IL., whose death Richard the hearts of the more indigent men-at-arms of the country, who went over to avenge, when Henry IV. plotted to dethrone him. Ib. p.'226. This Roger wish for war rather than peace; and if such persons unite together was declaredl heir to the crown by parliament, 9th Rich. Ii. Leltnd's CIollte;tanea, vol. and hostilities commence, the more prudent part of the nation will i. p. 653. Froissart took the opportunity of the marriage of Lionel amd Violanta to visit not be listened to; for where wickedness and obstinacy govern, wisItaly, and dwells on the solemnities andt festivals of the wedding."-Gouotm's PJIeAyd, v. 119. dom and common sense are not heard, Take your ~precautiorm CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 593 beforehand; for it is better you make your enemies afraid of you, daughter again, it might be done, for she was still very young, no! than that you should fear them." These words of the count made a more than eight years and a half old, and, perchance, when she war deep impression on the king's mind; and, as he was continually marriageable, she might repent of this connection, for she was inmao thinking on them, he renewed the subject with the earl of Itunting- cently, and without her being able to judge for herself; married, and, don, on the count de Saint Pol's return to France. The earl replied, besides, it was unjust to break off her match with the heir of Brit. "My lord, our brother-in-law Saint Pol has told you real truth, and tany; but should she wish to abide by her marriage, she would in I would advise you to take measures accordingly." justice remain queen of England, and enjoy her dowelr, but shr I was informed, that about a month after the departure of the should never be the companion of the king of England. Should tih count de Saint Pol firom England, the king became exceedingly un- king die before she was of a proper age, she was to he sent back t. popular: it was rumored, that the count had come to treat with the France. King for the restoration of Calais to the French. Nothing could have These were the plans that had been concerted by many of the agitated the English more than such reports; and the people were English, particularly the Londoners, for they hated the king, and so uneasy, that the Londoners went even to Pleshy, to consult the several now repented they had checked the mobs which attacked duke of Gloucester on the occasion. The duke, instead of calming, London firom the different counties of England; for they had deter, excited them more by saying, "He could do nothing in the business; mined, according to their confessions when put to death, to murder for he was sure the French would give all the daughters of their king, the king, the earl of Salisbury, the earl of Oxford, and the whole of if they could recover Calais." This answer made the Londoners the king's council. Had this been done, the kingdom would soon very melancholy; and they said they would see the king, and re. have found another head; and the citizens, with the consent of the monstrate with him on the agitation the whole country was in. "Do country, and the aid of the duke of Gloucester (who took great pains so," replied the duke of Gloucester: "remonstrate with him firmly, to excite trouble and confusion,) would have selected a fit person to and make him fear you. Mark well the answer he shall give, so wear the crown, and placed the government and ingdom in a difg that you may repeat it to me the next time I see you; and, when I ferent state to what it then was. Such were the secret murmurings know his answer, I will then give you my advice how to act. of the citizens, and others of their party, in their private meetings, It may be that some iniquitous treaties are on foot, for the earl mar- the whole of which was told to the king by his spy; and greater shal, who is governor of Calais, has been twice at Paris, where he blame was laid on the duke of Gloucester for all this business than remained some time, and he was the most active in concluding the on any other person. marriage of the king with the lady Isabella. The French are a sub- It is not to be wondered, if the king was considerably alarmed a: tie race, and see far into consequences: they pursue their object by the discovery of so much hatred and malice lurking against him. degrees, and are extravagant in their promises and presents to gain He paid greater cotrt than ever to the duke of Gloucester and the their ends." citizens when they came to see him, but ail in vain. At times, the The Londoners pursued the plan they had settled at Pleshy, and king mentioned the matter privately to the dukes of Lancaster and went to Eltham to speak with the king. At that time were with York, who resided more with him than his uncle of Gloucester, and him his two brothers, the earls of Kent and Huntingdon, the earl of consulted with them how he could avoid the machinations of the duke Salisbury, the archbishop of Canterbury, the archbishop of Dublin, and his accomplices, all of which he was thoroughly acquainted with. his confessor, sir Thomas Percy, sir William Lisle,, sir Richard Cre- He addressed his uncles, saying: "My good uncles, for the love of don, sir John Golofre, and several more, all knights of the king's God, advise me how to act. I am daily informed that your brother, chamber. The citizens remonstrated temperately with the king: the duke of Gloucester, and the earl of Arundel, with others, are told him the cause of their coming, not in a haughty or harsh man- determined to seize and conbne me in one of their castles, and that ner, but with courteous speech, and repeated to him the reports which the Londoners will join them. Their plan is to allow me a suffi. were so current throughout England. The king was greatly aston. ciency for my state, but to separate my queen from me, who is but a ished at hearing them, and was much affected, though he dissembled child, and daughter to the king of France, and send her to some his feelings. He appeased the citizens, by declaring there was not other place of confinement. Now, my dear uncles, such cruel acts one word of truth in all the rumors that were so industriously circu- as these must not be suffered, if they can be prevented. You have lated: that the count de Saint Pol had come hither to amuse him- paid me homage, and sworn obedience to me as your sovereign, in self, and that the king of France had also sent him, out of his affection the presence of your lord and father, king Edward, and my grand. to the king and queen of England, to see them; but he swore, as father of happy memory, at the same time with the other barons' and God might help him, and on the faith he owed the crown of Eng- prelates of the realm. It is now twenty years since this was done land, that no treaty of any sort had ever been mentioned, and he was and I entreat you, therefore, from the love you bear me, and on the astonished whence such scandalous reports could have arisen. When oaths you have taken, that you assist me on this occasion; for every. the king had done spealking, the earl of Salisbury addressed the citi- thing assures me the duke of Gloucester only desires that war be zeus: "My good people of London, withdraw to your homes, and renewed with France, in spite of the truces which you, with us and be assured that the king and his council wish for nothing more than all England, have sworn to observe. In consideration of this was the honor and profit of England. Those who have busily said the my marriage concluded with the daughter of the king of France, contrary have been ill.-advised, and plainly show they would with and we wish to observe every article of the treaty most punctually. pleasure see the country in trouble, and the people ki rebellion against You know also, that whoever attempts to infringe this truce will their king. This you ought particularly to dread, for you have before commit a crime, and be liable to corporal punishment, as well as witnessed how near you were to destruction, when a few wicked confiscation of goods: you likewise know, that I have borne with rebels rebelled, but were severely punished fbr it: depend upon it, your brother, my uncle of Gloucester, as much as I have been niote, that when the people are wicked, neither justice nor truth will be and made light of his menaces, but in the end they may cost me attended to." These speeches appeased the citizens, who were tol- dear. You are bound, therefore, by every tie, to give your best ad. erably contented with what they had heard. Having taken leave of vice, since I require it from you." When the dukes of Lancaster the king, they deported, on their return to London. and of York heard their nephew thus address them, and saw that he The Iking remained at Eltham, very melancholy at the words he had was in great anguish of heart; knowing, at the same time, that the heard. lie retained near his person his two brothers, and such of his greater part of what he had said was strictly true; they replied: friends as he had the greatest confidence in; for he began to doubt "My lord, have a little patience, and wait a short time before you the aflfection of his uncles, from observing they now chiefly resided make any rash resolutions. We know that our brother of Gloucesat their country-seats. He was, in consequence, very suspicious of ter has the most passionate and wrong-headed temper of any man in them, especially of the duke of Gloucester, whom he feared more England; but he cannot do more than man, and, if he work one than the dukes of Lancaster and York, and kiept up a constant guard, way, we will counteract him another: you need not fear our brother night and day, of one thousand archers. The king of England had so long as you shall follow our advice. He talks frequently of things received positive information that the duke of Gtoucester and the he cannot execute; and neither he nor his abettors can break the earl of Arundel had plotted to seize his person, and that of the queen, truce which has been signed, nor confine you in any castle: we will and carry them to a strong castle, where they should be confined never suffer it, nor that you be separated from the queen; for, if he under proper guards, but allowed sufficiently for their table and other imagine such things, he deceives himself. We therefore humbly beg necessary expenses. That four regents should be appointed over the you will be appeased, for, please God, everything shall end well. kingdom, of whom the dukes of Lancaster and York were to be the Many things may be said that cannot be executed, and all which a chief, and have under them the government of all the northern parts, man thinketh doth not come to pass." from the Thames to the Tyne, and as far as the Tweed, that runs by By such means, the dukes calmed the king's mind; but as they Berwick, comprehending all Northumberland, and the borders of foresaw that public affairs would, from their bad management, cause Scotland. The duke of Gloucester was to have for his government troubles in the realm, and that the hatred between their nephew and London, Essex, and that part of the country to the mouth of the brother was daily increasing, to avoid being called upon by either Humber, and likewise all the coast from the Thames to the water party, they left the king's household with their families, taking leave of Southlampton, and westward comprehending Cornwall. The earl of the king for a considerable time, and retired to their differen: cas. of Arundel was to have Sussex, Kent, Surrey, Berkshire, and all tles. The duke of Lancaster carried with him his duchess, who had the country from the Thames to Bristol, and the river Severn, been some time the companion of the young queen of England. that divides England from Wales, where there are very extensive They took this opportunity of hunting stags and deer, as is the cus. lordships, with power of punishing by death all offenders. But tom in England, and the king remained with his attendants in and their chief design was to find out some means of rekindling the about London. They afterwards, however, greatly repented having war with France; and, if the king of France wished to have his left the king; for such things shortly happened as troubled the wltol. 59(3 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. kingdoml, which would not have been done had they remained with are suffered, and have been suffered, to reign so long. The Frence the king, for they would have more prudently advised than such say (as the common report runs,) that you intend to lay aside the. counsellors as he listened to. arms of France from your arms, which causeth great hatred against There was not one of the king's servants that did not fear the you; and it is the more readily believed, from the great pains you duke of Gloucester, and wish his death, no matter by what means. took to have the truce signed, which was done more thruaigr force Tlat gallant and loyal knight, sir Thomas Percy, had been i or a long than love, for the nobles of this country who had served in these time steward of the household, and all the accounts passed officially wars would not assent to it: that you have not c.aefully exnamined through his hands. He noticed with grief the hatred that subsisted the treaties signed by king John of France and his children, whlich between the king and the duke of Gloucester, and other great barons those of his blood, now living, have treacherously infringed; and oF England. Although he was beloved by all, he foresaw, like a that the French, by underhand mrean:s, caused a renewal of war, and'i Ii'!; asEgan n tsdpnenis tawenyumrre gan uena thaad rie a lsy bu fv'lok h youchoe te dugherof ouradvrsay te ingof rane, orweaherwasver ho; nd e cme o sddelyto he aste, ha whchyo wreveyblmeorhy ad ht ouhae ebse henoon kewofi,unil h otrcidot feei h ig! chialy f nglnadtcuaeo itskighs qirs nThdueoGlocsehaa'adsupfrhewsvytrn nolswo a s alatl arid onte agantFracadprt in is it n ee a ogatdme rspe.H me wol aecntne t nfelda hy ri o hdntpe i a tl etott ettekigi h or tecsle, anpi vented them' tha you have placedthe kingdom in most perilous hm all the respec due to his sovreign, as did th duchess and hl ~uuation~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,, wih geatris ofits detruion, and thatI Uitlis ityyo cildren.li CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 597 The king entered the hall and the apartment, where the table was this, the king of Cyprus had a ship made of gold, curiously wrought, again laid out for the king, who ate some little; but he had before that might be worth ten thousand ducats, which he sent by his knights told the duke, "Good uncle, have your horses saddled, not all, but as a present to the sultan Bajazet. It was beautifully worked, and live or six, for you must accompany me to London, as I am to have was graciously accepted by the sultan, who replied, he would return a meeting to-morrow with the citizens; and we shall surely meet him double its value in courtesy and affection. This answer brought my uncles of Lancaster and York, but I shall advise with you what I back by the Cypriote knights, was instantly made known to the king answer to make to the Londoners' demands. Tell your house-stew- of France and the duke of Burgundy by some merchants, who wrote ard to follow us with your servants to London, where they will find to sir Dinde that he might inform them of it. King James was wise you." The duke, suspecting nothing evil intended against him, too in making this present: he dreaded the king of France, and all kings, easily consented; and the king, having soon supped, rose from the for having murdered in the night lime his valiant brother, king Peter, table. Everything being ready, the king took leave of the duchess who had fought so courageous:y against the Saracens, and had wonrt and her children, mounted his horse, and the duke did the same, from them the towns of Satalia and Alexandria; and they were attended only by three squires and four varlets. They took their way more afraid of him than of ill the other kings or emperors in Chris. to Bondelay, to avoid the high road to London and Brentwood, with tendom. the other towns through which it passes. They rode hard, for the King James had sorely repented having committed this crime, or king pretended impatience to get to London, and conversed all the being present when it was done; and, not daring to continue in Cy way with the duke of Gloucester. On their arrival at Stratford, prus, for the Christians would have put him to a disgraceful death, near the Thames, where an ambuscade had been laid, the king gal- could they have caught him, he embarked on board a galley belong. loped forward, leaving his uncle behind, on which the earl marshal ing to some Genoese merchants which was in the port of Nicosia, advanced to the rear of the duke, with a large body of men, and where the murder had been done, and fled to Genoa. The Genoese said, "I arrest you in the king's name." The d-uke was panic- kindly entertained him, and some say that this villainous murder had struck, for he saw he had been betrayed, and cried aloud after the been instigated by them; for, shortly after, they entered the harbor. king. I know not if the king heard him, but he did not turn back, of Famagousta with a large fleet of galleys and men-at-arms, which galloping on faster than before, and followved by his attendants. they took possession of, and have held by force ever since. True it We will now leave this matter for a short time is, that the late king of Cyprus had a very promising youth for his son, whom he brought with him, in company with a knight who had travelled through Lombardy to Rome, the last time he had crossed C H A P ~T BR L x X IX. the sea: this youth the Cypriotes crowned their king on the assassiC HA PT ER L X X X IX. nation of his father, but he lived not long to enjoy it. On his death, ruHE LOD nE CCcUCY AND THE COUNT D'EU, CONSTABLE OF FRANCE, the Genoese brought back James, whom they had crowned king, and DIE IN TURKEY, BEFORE THE TREATY FOR THEIIR DELVERANcE IS he has reigned ever since in Cyprus, through the support the GenoARRANGED. iA RANSOM IS AGREED ON FOR THE OTiIER PRi'SONERS vHO ese give him against all nations. They would never give up posses. WERE TAKEN AT TIHE BATTLE OF NiCOPOLI. sion of the town or port of Famagousta, and are the masters of it at You have before heard how sir John de Chiteaumorant and sir tfhis present moment of my writing these chronicles. Indeed, had James de Holly were sent bythe kirng of' France and the duke of the Genoese not held it, the Turks and infidels would have conBurgundy as embas-sadors to BiEa;zet, ii Turkey, and of the success qutered the whole of the island, as well as Rhodes and the other of their mission. On their return to France they were well received adjacent islands:; but the Venetians and Genoese are their great by the Iriong, the duke and duchess of Burgundy, friom the certain opponents. When the last saw that the kingdom of Armenia was intelligence they had brought from the count de Nevers and his conquered by the Turks, they seized the town of Courch, that is sic. fellow'-prisoners. These knligihts told the king they thought the sul- uated onwthe sea-shore, which they have kept under their governance. tan would readily listen to terms for their ransom, for they had been The Turks, were:they not fearful of Courch and Pera, near Constanti. so given to understind by some of his principal advisers, lest the nople, would do the greatest mischief to all who navigate those seas, prisoners might die while in captivity, which was likely enough to as well as to Rhodes and the neighboring islands. It is by these happen, fro;;: the difference of air and diet, and they would not in means'the frontiers of Christendom are defended; but lot us return that case gain anything by them. These words encouraged the to Iking James of Cyprus. When he found, from the base crime he ~duke and duchess of Burgundy to exert themselves inprocuring the had been guilty of, he was fallen under the displeasure and hatred of ransom of their son and heir, and they were occupied day and night every crowned head, he exerted himself to the utmost to recover in devising means to open negotiations with the sultan. The duchess their favor, and thought himscrlf highly honored by the letter the king said this battle of Nicopoli had been very unfortunate to her, for she of France had written to hhinu. He was afraid of' him, and not with. had lost by it three of her brothers, who were gallant knights in out reason, for the duke of l..rbon, uicle to the king of Francb, was, arms: the first, the haze de Flandres, the second, sir Louis de Br(z6, by right of succession through the Lusignans, the true heir to the and the third, sir John d'Ypres: there was another brother, the throne of Cyprus. This king James, although brother to the late youngest of them, who had remained at home. To say the truth, king, was not so by lawful marriage, but a bastard, as was we[~ the duchess had grief enough, and it was not surprising if she was known to the Genoese. When they gave him the crown they mu. melancholy, but the duke and his advisers calmed her by their tually entered into special treaties with each other; and the Genoese earnestness in procuring her son's liberty: this was not, however, bound themselves to defend his and his descendants' rights to tne soon done, for the distance and difficulty of treating with such peo- government against all claimants: in consideration of which, they had ple forced thesi to go about the business leisurely. many lordships and tracts of land yielded up to them in the island of About the time I am now speaking of, that gallant knight and ex. Cyprus. Everything they did in the defence of king James was tG cellent man the lord Enguerrand de Coucy, count de Soissons, and strengthen tlhemselves against the Venetians, and to open greater a potent lord in Fruance. died at Bursa in Turkey. Sir Robert d'Esne, markets for their trade with the Saracens, for, as factors, they have who hac' been sent to him by the lady de Coucy, had not advanced many connections with them and others of their faith. King James, farther than Vienna, on his journey thither, when he was informed through the Genoese, took great pains to please the king of France of his death. He returned with this news to France, and told it to and his subjects, and it was in consequence of this he had made Ba. the family of the lord de Coucy, thourgh not to the widow, before jazet so very rich a present, which was highly pleasing to the sultan whom he did not appear until the governor of the castle of Saint and his ministers, who valued it much. It was supposed by many, Gobin was sent to seek the body, have it embalmed, and brought to that sir Dinde Desponde had urged on the Genoese in this matter, as France. It was conveyed to the abbey of Nogent near to Coucy, they were very warm in their endeavors to bring about a treaty fom and received by the duchess of Bar, the bishop of Laon, and many the deliverance of the count de Nevers and the other prisoners. abbots: there the gentle knight was buried, and thus ended the year The duke and duchess of Burgundy heard, with infinite pleasure, of grace 1397. that the sultan began to tire of his prisoners, and would readily enter The king of France and the duke of Burgundy were very active into a treaty for their liberty. They selected a valiant knight from in their endeavors to abridge the captivity of their friends in Turkey, the country of Flanders, called sir Guissebreth de Linrenghen, who and there passed not a day without their having some conversation was regent of Flanders under the duke and duchess of Burgundy, to on the subject. Sir Dinde de Desponde was of all their consultations, go to Turkey and treat with Bajazet for the ransom of the French and said the Venetian or Genoese merchants could alone assist them; lords. At the same time they sent for sir James de Helly, and en. for by means of merchandise, which governs everything, and their treated that he would accompany their embassador, because he was connections with other merchants, they could pass everywhere, and well acquainted with the countries he was to travel through, and with learn the temper of the infidel sultans. They had great weight, par- the court of the sultan, promising that his trouble and attention should ticularly in Cairo, Alexandria, Damascus, and Antioch, where they be handsomely remunerated. Sir James, having promised to fulfil had factories, and the Saracens and Christians mutually interchanged their commands, set out in company with the Flemish knight: oc theiru merchandises. The king and the duke, therefore, made as their arrival in Hungary, they waited on the king, to deliver the let. many friends among these merchants as they could, and gave up all tc.s which were intrusted to them. The king received the letters inutentions of making war on the duke of Milan from the friendship and knights with joy, in compliment to the king of France: he weas they learnt Bajazet bore him. On the other hand, king James of before acquainted with sir James de Helly. Theyinformed the king, Cyprus know well, that if he could any how soften the anger of the the object of their mission to Bajazot was to treat for the release uuf sedtan, and prevail on him to accept of reasonable terms for the ran- his prisoners, if he were inclined to listen to them. The king of aeon of the French lords, he should greatly oblige the king of France, Hungary replied, that it would be w~l4 done if they could olstaiu: tduei the duke of Burgundy, and the whole of the nation. To accomplish liberty for roniey: and the attempt was worth rl'iihg, t.(:- nothin~t 69h CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &e. could be lost by that. He offered them every assistance in his power, I the harbor, the sea was calm and the weather temperate; but they of money or men, for which the knights thanked him. had not advanced far before it changed, and at length became so They had many difficulties to encounter, before they could enter tempestuous that sir Guissebreth, sorely tormented by sea-sickness, into a perunal treaty with Bajazet; for it was first necessary that sir died before they could reach Mathelin. Sir James Helly was much James de Holly should wait on the sultan to obtain a passport for sir grieved for his loss, and, engaging a Venetian galley, sailed to Rhodes. Guissebreth de Linrenghen to travel through Turkey, which having He published everywhere the deliverance and speedy arrival of'tlhe aeen properly made out he returned with it to Hungary. They count de Nevers and his companions, to tile great joy of tile knights journeyed to Turkey together; and Bajazet received the regent of of Rhodes. On his arrival in France, he made the king, the duke Flanders with kindness, and listened to his proposals, which formed and duchess of Burgundy, and the nation, happy by the good news the basis for a treaty. At this time there lived a Genoese merchant hlie had brought. Sir James spoke loudly in the praise of his corn. called Bartholomeo Pelegrini, in the island of Scio, who was univer. panion, sir Guissebreth, and of the great pains he took to conclude sally esteemed for his probity and knowledge in trade, even by Ba. the treaty. jazet himself: to him sir Dinde de Desponde had written to interest The sultan Bajazet, having had everything respecting the ransom himself in the business, that it might have a more speedy termination, of his French prisoners settled to his satisfaction, resolved on allowfor they were well known to each other, and promised him a hand. ing them more liberty, for indeed they were now no longer prisoners, some recompense, if successful in obtaining the French lords' liberty, and invited them to his presence before the departure of the embas. from the duke and duchess of Burgundy, and other lords and ladies sadors, to show them the magnificence of his establishments. They who had friends or husbands in the power of Bajazet. He entreated were said to be very grand indeed; and immense numbers were him to take upon himself the debt for their ransom, however large daily attendant on his person. He sent some of his principal lords the sum, and to conduct the French lords to Venice, or to somne part to invite the count de Nevers and his companions to the castle, under the government of the Venetians; and that the moment he where he received and entertained them handsomely: he ordered all should be assured from him of their arrival thither, he would, without things they might want to be delivered out to them by his officers, delay, hasten to Venice in person, with the amount of the sum to as was the usual custom of his court. The sultan conversed daily repay him what he had expended. The Genoese merchant complied with the count de Nevers, by means of an interpreter, and paid himn with the request of sir Dinde, as well from personal regard to him, much respect, for he knew that he'was, or would be, a very great lord as for the profit and honor he should acquire by it, and for the esteem in France, by the great exertions that were made, and the large sum he should gain from the king of France; for, from such a king, it paid for his ransom, which was enough to satisfy his avarice, having was worth having. From the information I had, I am inclined to securities for the amount of one million of florins. The other French believe that the king of Cyprus sent some of his ablest counsellors to lords were equally astonished with the count de Nevers at the power push forward the negotiations with the sultan, in compliance with and state of Bajazet. He was attended by such numbers, that they the solicitations of the king of France and the duke of Burgundy. were always encamped, for no town could lodge them; and the The lords de Mathelin and d'Amine, twogreat barons of Greece, and expense must have been very great to supply so many with food. much in favor with Bajazet, interfered also in the matter, according It was surprising where such quantities came from, notwithstanding to the requests that had been made them from France, otherwise the natives of warm climates are very temperate in their diet, eating they would not have troubled themselves about it. but little meat, living on spices and sugar, of which they have abun. Turkey was an extensive. country, and not convenient to travel dance, as well as goats' milk, the common beverage of the Turks through, to those unaccustomed to it: Bajazet, therefore, as soon as and Saracens, and they have plenty of bread made of millet. he had consented to a treaty, resolved that all the French prisoners The sultan had at this time seven thousand falconers, and as many should be conveyed to Bursa, where the whole business should be huntsmen: you may suppose from this the grandeur of his establishconcl.ded. Those lords were brought thither, to the amount of ments. One day, in the presence of the count de Nevers, he flew a twenty-five; but their conductors, the Turks, treated them scanda- falcon at some eagles; the flight did not please him; and he was lously on the road, by beating them forward, for they had purposely so wroth, that, for this fault, he was on the point of beheading two badly mounted them, and their horses would only go at a foot's pace: thousand of his falconers, scolding them exceedingly for want of for this they were beaten by the Turks, who heard, very unwillingly, diligence in their care of his hawks, when the one he was fond of that they were to have their liberty. On their arrival atBursa, where had behaved so ill. Another time, when the count de Nevers and the negotiators from the king of France, the duke of Burgundy, the the French barons were with the sultan, a poor woman come to him king of' Cyprus, the Venetians and Genoese were waiting to receive in tears, to demand justice against one of his servants, and said. them, they had more liberty than when in the prisons of the sultan: Sultan, I address myself to thee, as my sovereign, and complain of )ut, notwithstanding it was known they were to be ransomed, they one of thy servants, who is, I understand, attached to thy person. vrere so closely guarded that they could not obtain a fourth part of He this morning entered my house, and seized by force the goat heir wishes. Among the different persons who were at Bursa on milk I had provided for myself and children, and drank it against iccount of the treaty, Bajazet inclined more to sir Guissebreth de my will. I told Ihim that I should complain to thee of this outrage, Linrenghen, for sir James de Helly had told him he was regent of but I had no sooner uttered the words, than he gave me two great Flauders and the most confidential counsellor of the duke of Bur- cuffs, and would not leave me, though I ordered him in thy name. gundy. The sultan resided-in a handsome castle near Bursa, and Sultan, do me justice, as thou hast sworn to thy people thou where the negotiators went to discuss matters with him: the ransom wouldest, that I may be satisfied, this injury be punished, and that for the twenty.five prisoners was. fixed at two hundred thousand every one may know thou wilt see the meanest of thy suhiects ducats. The lords de Mathelin and d'Amine, with the Genoese righted." merchant of Scio, pledged themselves to the sultan for the due pay.- The sultan was very rigidly determined that all crimes committed ment of it. The count de Nevers gave his oath to the merchant, for witlfhin his dominions should be severely punished: he therefore lishimself and the rest, that on his arrival at Venice, he would never tened to her attentively, and said he would do her justice. He then depart thence until the whole of this sum were paid to his satisfac- ordered the varlet to be brought, and confronted with the woman, tion. Before the treaties were concluded, the cocunt d'Eu was so who repeated her complaint. The varlet, who dreaded Bajazet, much weakened by sickness, change of air, and d'et he had not been began to make excuses, saying it was all false. The woman told a accustomed to, that hie departed this life at IHaut-loge, where he had plain tale, and persisted in its truth. The sultan stopped her, and been confined with the other lords, who were much afflicted thereat, said, "Woman, consider well thy accusation; for, if I find thou though they could not any way prevent it. The lord Philip d'Artois, hast told me a lie, thou shalt suffer death." " Sir," replied the count d'Eu and constable of France, was, when dead, opened and Iwoman, " I consent to it; for were it not true, I could have no rea. embalmed, and in this state put into a coffin and carried to France, son to come before thee, and I only ask for justice." "I will do it," where lie lies buried in the church of Saint Laurence at Eu. answered the sultan, "for I have so sworn, and indiscriminately to When the sultan Bajazet was completely satisfied as to the secu- every man or woman within my dominions." He then ordered the ritv of those who had pledged themselves for the payment of the two varlet to be seized, and to have his belly opened, for otherwise he hundred thousand ducats as the ransom for the French lords, the two would not have known if he had drank the milk or not. It was there smbassadors firom the duke of Burgundy were impatient to return to found, for it had not had time to be digested; and me sultan, on France, and carry the joyful news of their success to the king and seeing it, said to the woman, "Thou hadst just cause of complaint: other lords so greatly interested in it. T'hey took leave of Bajazet now go thy way, for the injury done thee has been punished.;' She and those of his court they were the most intimate with; and, as was likewise paid for her loss. This judgment of Bajazet was wit. the regent of Flanders was in his favor, the gallant sultan ordered, nessed by the French lords, who were at the time in his company that twenty thousand ducats should be deducted froirm the two hundrcl thousand he was to receive, and given to the two knights, in consideration of the great pains they had taken to accomplish these CHAPTER XC. treaties. The two knights gratefully thanked the sultan, as they had reason, for his magnificent gift, and, after taking leave of the Turkish vax FREN"h lORDS wO HAD BEEN PRtSONERS tN TURKEY RETURN court and the French lords, returned to Bursa. They there left the BY SEA TO VENteE. count de Nevers and his companions, waiting the lords de Mathelina WHENE the count de Nevers and the lords of France who were and d'Amnine, who were to come fur theim in their galley, and em- made prisoners at the battle of 34icopoli (excepting the count d:Eu barked on board a small passage-galley for Mathelin. On quitting and the lord de Coucy, who had died) had been some time enter* D Sauvage supposes, in a marginal note, this must be the lord of the island of tamed by the sultan, and bad seen groat part of his state, he con Mitelino, but contbsses his ignorance of the other sented they slhould depart, which was told them by those who haJ CHIRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 599 oeen ordered to attend to their personal wants. The count and his tarried at Rhodes, waiting for the galleys from Venice, sir Guy de la companions waited on the sultan in consequence, to thank him for Tremonille was seized with so dangerous an illness, that he there his kindness and courtesy. On taking his leave, the sultan addressed departed this life. He ordered his body to be buried on the spo! him, by means of an interpreter, as follows: "John, I am well in. where he died, and was, consequently, interred in the church of formed that in thy country thou art a great lord, and son to a power. Saint John, in the island of Rhodes. His funeral was honorably ful prince. Thou art young, and hast many years to look forward; attended by the French lords, who much regretted his loss, more and, as thou mayest be blamed for the ill success of thy first attempt especially the count de Nevers, who knew that his fathtier, the duke in arms, thou mayest perchance, to shake off this imputation and of Burgundy, would be greatly affected by it, as he had always found regain thine honor, collect a powerful army to lead against me, and him a wise and honest counsellor. oflhr battle. If I feared thee, I would make the swear, and likewise The galleys from Venice at length arrived, properly armed and thy companions, on thy faith and ihonor, that neither thou nor they equipped, to the great joy of the French lords. They were not long would ever bear arms against me. But no: I will not demand such in making their preparations to depart, and took leave of the knights an oath: on the contrary, I shall be glad that when thou art returned of Rhodes, who recommended their order to them, and to all devoui to thy country, it please thee to assemble an army, and lead it hither. souls who would be willing to assist it. The count de Nevers, the Thou wilt always find me prepared, and ready to meet thee in the lords Henry de Bar, de Boucicaut, sir William de la Tremouille, the field of battle. What I now say, do thou repeat to any person, to lord de Rochefort, sir Regnier Pot, and the rest, embarked on board whom it may please thee to repeat it; for I am ever ready for, and the Venetian galleys, the captains of which resolved to touch at the desi'ous of, deeds of arms; as well as to extend my conquests." different islands, that their passengers might sail more at their ease. These high words the count de Nevers and his companions under- and refresh themselves on shore, and show the count de Nevers the stolod well, and never forgot them so long as they lived. After this, various islands which lay between Rhodes and Venice. They when all things for their departure were ready, they were conducted steered first for Modon, which is five hundred miles fronm Rhodes, by Ali bashaw and Soli bashaw, with a lalrbe escort, to the lords de and tarried there some days, to amuse themselves, for the port and Matlielin and d'Amine, and the others who had interested themselves country belonged to the Venetians. From Modon they had a fine for their liberty. Before they embarked on board the galleys des- passage to Colefo,t as the sea was calm, where they refreshed themn-. tined to carry them, they paid every expense they had incurred at selves; and from Col1fo they made for the island of Garre, where Bursa, or at other places, with so much punctuality that they were they did the same: thence they sailed for the island of Chifolignie; greatly praised. As they weighed anchor, their conductors returned and, having anchored, they landed, and were met by a large party to the sultan; and the galleys, having a favorable wind, soon arrived of ladies and damsels, who have the government of the island. at the harbor, where the count and his firiends were received with They received the French lords with joy, and led them to the intejoy. The lady of the lord de Mathelin was of a certain age, but rior part of the island, which is very beautiful, to amuse and enjoy perfectly well bred, and as fully accomplishied as any lady in Greece, themselves. Some say, who pretend to be acquainted with the state for in her youth she had been brought up at the court of Constanti- of this island, and insist upon it, that fairies and nymphs inhabit it, nople withi the lady Mary of Bourbon. She had from her learnt and that frequently merchants from Venice or Genoa, who have many things, for the lords and ladies of France are better educated been forced by stress of weather to make some stay there, have than those in any other country. This lady thought herself highly seen the appearances of them, and have had the truth of these honored when she saw the count dQ Nevers, sir Henry deBar, Guy reports confirmed. de la Tremouille, and the other lords under her roof, and welcomed The count de Nevers and his friends were very happy with the them with every sign of pleasure. She first clothed them with fine dames of Cephalonia, for they entertained them gayly, telling them new linen and cloth of Damascus made into gowns and vestments, their arrival had been matter of joy to them, from their being knights according to the taste in Greece. After she had dressed the masters, of honor and renown, for in general they had no other visitors but she did the same to their servants in the handsomest manner, each merchants. I may be asked, if this island be solely inhabited by according to his rank. The lords were very thankful for her kind- women. I answer no; but women have the sovereignty of it: they, ness, and publicly declared their gratitude for her generous conduct, however, employ themselves in needle and other works; and make as well as that of the lords de Mathelin and d'Amine, who honored such fine cloths of silk, that none others can be compared to them. them by every mark of respect, and administered to their necessities. The n-n of the island, being ignorant, are employed to carry abroad News was soon carried to the island of Rhodes, that the sultan these works, wherever they shall think to have the greatest profit, had accepted a ransom for the French lords, and that they were now but the women remain at home. The men honor the fair sex for at Mathelin. The intelligence gave much pleasure to the grand- their works, and because they have always a sufficiency of wealth. master and to all his knights, who proposed to equip and arm two The state of the island is such, that no one dare approach it, to corn. galleys, and send them to Mathelin to convey the count and his mit any injury, for whoever should attempt it would perish, as has fellow-prisoners to Rhodes. This was executed; and, when ready, been frequently seen. For this cause, these ladies live in peace, sir James de Brasemont,* a Burgundian, who was marshal of Rhodes, without fear of any one: they are amiable, good-tempered, and embarked on board, and had a favorable voyage to Mathelin, where without pride, and certainly, when they please, converse with fairies, he was made heartily welcome by the lord de Mathelin, his lady, and keep them company. a-1 their guests. He remained there four days: on the fifth, the After the count de Nevers and his companions had amused them~:;s having on board the purveyances of the French lords, the selves at this island for five days, they took leave of the ladies: the:ond his companions took leave of the lord and lady de Mathe- count made them such handsome presents, for their courteous treat. ro''.ing them their best thanks for all the kindness and friend- meot of them, that they were contented, and thanked him gratefully: had received, especially the count de Nevers, who, as the on his departure. When the lords were embarked, they put to sea, p....: al personage, said he was bound at all times hereafter to ren- and favorable winds carried them to a territory called Ragusa, when der theem every service in his power. After many compliments on they refri:eshed themselves again, and thence made for Clarence,g both sides, the French lords entered the galleys, and, as long as they which is one hundred miles distant from Venice. While the galleys were in sight, the lord de Mathelin remained on the shore, and after were at anchor, and the lords in the town of Clarence, which belongs that went home. The galleys, having a favorable wind, arrived at to the Venetians, they were known by a squire of honor and renown, Rhodes, and anchored in the haven, where vessels firom Cyprus, fi'om Hainault, called Bridoul de la Porte. He was a native of Baruth, and other ports in the Levant, usually do. On their land- Mons, and had made, at his own expense, a pilgrimage, through de. inc, they were received by many of the knights of. Rhodes, who votion, to the Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem, and had visited Cairo wear a white cross, in memory of the cross of our LoRD Jesus and St. Catherine's MIount. The French lords had come to Clarence CHtIST, who suffered to deliver others from the pains of hell. They two days before him, and gave him a welcome reception, on hearing are valiant knights, and give daily assaults by sea or land on the infi- he was so good a man, and a native of Hainault, the country of the &els, to support and defend the Christian faith. countess of Nevers, who was daughter to the earl of Hainault, and'I'he count de Nevers and the lords of France were received by the because they were all in countries distant from their own. They grand prior of Rhodes and the grand prior of Aquitaine, in their asked him what parts he was last come from, and also concerning robes of ceremony, who offered to lend them any sum of money, as the affairs of king James of Cyprus, and respecting Turkey. IHe far as their abilities extended, to enable them to discharge their made no dilfficulty. but instantly gave prudent and intelligent an daily expenses, which the count and his friends thought a most cour- swers. The barons of France, having reposed themselves, re6ni-. teeus offer, and thanked them accordingly. In truth, they were in barked, and made sail for Pareuse.~ All large vessels and galleys: want of money, and the grand prior of Aquitaine, a right valiant which cannot, from want of water, land their cargoes at Venice, pu,~ knight, as his actions showed in the Holy Land, lent the count de into this port, for here the sea becomes shallow. The French knights' Nevers thirty thousand firancs, which were counted out by sir Reg- made no long stay before they embarked in smaller vessels and arnier Pot, house-steward to the count, and the lord de Rochefort in rived at Venice, where they were received with great joy. On theii Burgundy. I believe this sum was as much for his companions as landing, they all returned thanks to God for their happy deliveranct for the count himself, and was divided among them, although the from the hands of the infidels, of which at one time they had count de Nevers took on himself the whole debt. The French lords despaired. The count de Nevers and his companions went to the remained some time in the island of Rhodes, to recover and properly * "Me(Ioton,"~ a town alnd port in th~e Mlorea. array themselves, for the climate was by far more temperate than in t Colefi." I should have imnagined this to be Corfu, if Cephalenma were -ot ee~: the countries where they had lately resided: during the time they ingly mntended afterwards.:"Garre." Q. Zante. ~ "Chifblignie." Q. CephaIonh.:..' ~'Sr James de Brasemont." The MSS. has n de Bauffremont, which I should II "Clarence," or Chiacenza, is in the Morea, opposite to Cephalonia. ps~~f~t ~ "Pareuse." QL. Parenso, a town on the coast of It of stria. nearly optosite s Vases 600 XCHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. hotels which had been prepared for them; for, as their coming was king to address the count as follows, and of which they handsomely known and expected for some time, their friends had sent servants acquitted themselves and equipages to wait their arrival. The count found part of his "My lord, we are sent hither by our much-redoubted lord, and yotu attendants, whom the duke and duchess of Burgundy had sent thither, cousin, the king of Hungary, who salutes you by us. Here are letready to receive him. Sir Dinde de Desponde had also been at ters written by him to congratulate you on your deliverance from the Venice some time waiting for them with the amount of their ransom, sultan Bajazet, his enemy. He is sincerely rejoiced at your and your for without his assistance, nothing could be done. companions' escape, for, without the means you have pursued, it The French lords, on their arrival at Venice, instantly employed would never have been effected. Dear sir, our lord is well assured clerks and messengers to write and carry letters to France and else- that your treaties with the sultan must have cost you immense sums where, to inform their friends of their happy deliverance. This was of money, and, with the losses you all suffered at the disastrous bat very soon publicly known, to the joy of all who heard it. The duke tie of Nicopoli, will have made it difficult to you to procure a suffi. and duchess of Burgundy lost no time in preparing everything suits. ciency for your ransom. Our sovereign, therefore, dear sir, orders ble to the rank of their son the count de Nevers, such as gold and us to make you his excuses for not offering you, on this occasion, his silver plate, linen, tapestry, clothes of all sorts, which were packed assistance: if it were in his power, he would most cheerfully do it, up on sumpter-horses, and sent to Venice under the care of the lord for he conceives and declares he is bound to aid you, firom his conde IHangiers* and sir James de Holly. In like manner did all the nection with you by blood and other causes; were it not that he and friends and relatives of the other lords send them every necessary his subjects have had such losses by the late defeat, that you, who suitable to their ranks. You may suppose all this was *done at a are a person of great understanding, will readily believe, and know great expense, for nothing was spared: their residence at Venice the impossibility of his giving any aid at this present moment. The cost much, as it is one of the dearest towns in the world for stran- revenues of Hungary are ruined for this and the ensuing year, but gers. It was proper these lords should keep up a state becoming whenever they are recovered, and the usual payments made, that he their rank, which fell naturally most heavy on the count de Nevers, may be enabled to show his offers are not mere empty words, he will their commander-in-chief. assuredly come handsomely forward to your service. That you may The duke and duchess of Burgundy were very active in procuring believe our most redoubted sovereign and your cousin is in earnest, his ransom, that their son anrid heir might leave Venice with honor, we must acquaint you that he has ordered us to offer for sale to the and return to France and Flanders, where his presence was much rulers of Venice, the rents he receives from this town, which amount wished for. The duke said, that were it not for the aid of his good to seven thousand ducats yearly; and that whatever these may prosubjects in Burgundy, Artois, and Flanders, the money would never duce you are to dispose of as if it were your own; and for which have been raised, for their own and their son's other expenses were we will sign receipts to the Venetians, having full authority to do so." very great. The speech of the embassadors firom the king of Hungary was The different negotiations and embassies had called for large very agreeable to the French lords. They answere.d by the lord de sums, and, though the ransom was but two hundred thousand florins Rochefort, who, in the name of all, said "that they were very sensi. to Bajazet, yet the other costs and expenses amounted to as much ble of this mark of kindness from the kingof Hungary, who, to oblige more, as was declared by those through whose hands the money his cousin the count de Nevers, offered to sell his inheritance to aid passed; and without this sum their liberty would never have been them; that this was not an offer to be refused, nor the friendship and obtained. It was matter of much consideration how this money courtesy forgotten; that the count desired to have a little time to con. was to be raised; for neither the duke nor duchess were inclined to sider of his answer to the king." This was agreed to; and, within a abate anything of their state, which was very magnificent. It was few days, the embassadors were told by the count de Nevers, that "it resolved by his council to lay a tax on all the towns under his obe- would be very unbecoming him to pledge or sell the inheritance of d.ience, more especially those of Flanders; for they abounded in another; but that, if it were agreeable to them who had such powwealth, from their commerce, and therefore the greater load was laid ors, to prevail on the Venetians to advance, omn the security of on them, that the count de Nevers might be at liberty to quit Venice. these rents, a sufficient sum for the count de Nevers' daily expenses, When the matter was mentioned to the townsmen of Ghent, they and to enable hinm to acquit himself of tihe thirty thousand fiorins the readily declared their willingness to present their young lord fifty grand priorof Aquitaine had lent him with so much generosity in thousanid forins to aid him in his ransom. Bruges, Mechlin, Ant- the island of Rhodes, he should consider it as a great favor, and werp, Ypres, Courtray, and the other towns in Flanders, expressed most kindly thank the king of Hungary and his council for so doing." their readiness to assist in the ransom of the count de Nevers. The The embassadors cheerfully promised to make the proposal to the duke and duchess of Burgundy were well pleased at these answers, Venetians. When the Venetians heard it, theycoldly replied they and returned their warm acknowledgments to the magistrates of the would deliberately consider of the matter, and demanded fifteen different towns in Flanders, and to those of Artois and Burgundy, days to weigh their determination. When these were expired, they who had testified equally good inclinations. answered, (as I was told by one who heard it,) " That if the king The kiing of France was also very desirous of aiding the French of Hungary were disposed to sell his whole kingdom, the Venetians lords in their ransom, although he had already been at a heavy ex- would willingly make the purchase, and pay the money down; but pense in sending his embassadors to Hungary and Turkey. These as for such a trifle as seven thousand ducats of yearly revenue which charges, however, he did not regret, since his cousins were now safe he possessed in the city of Venice, it was of so little value that they, at Venice, and with them his own knight the lord de Boucicaut. could not set a price on it either to buy or sell, and they would not The count de Nevers and his companions were still at Venice, for it trouble themselves about so small an object." was not his intention to depart thence until the discharge of the Such was the answer made by the Venetians to the embassadors ransom should be completed. The merchants of Scio and the two of the king of Hungary. Some said, this reply was mere dissimuGrecian lords had pledged themselves to the sultan for the payment, lotion, and that,. though the Hungarians had made the offer to the and such an immense sum was not readily raised. Sir Dinde de count, they, in an underhand way, caused this answer to be given. Desponde took great pains to accomplish the business from his re- Things, therefore, remained in the state they were in before, and the gard to the king of' France and the dukeof Burgundy, who had sent embassadors took leave of the count de Nevers and those of his him to Venice for the purpose, and he was more subtle and conver- countrymen thenm with him, who were, sir Regnier Pot, the lord do Pant in such business than any other person whatever. Rochefort, and sir William de la Tremouille. They left Venice, While others were diligently dispatching the business of their and returned to Hungary; but the French lords continued at Treransom, the lords spent their time most joyously at Venice; but, vise on account of the great mortality that reigned in Venice. about this period, an infectious disorder afflicted that town and neighborhood, which began in the rnonth of August, and never ceased until Saint Andrew's day. Great numbers fell victinis to it, and CHA TER XCI. among the rest (the more the pity!) the lord Henry de Bar, eldest son to the duke of Bar, and, in right of his wife, heir to all the estates THE LORD LOUIS DE SANCERRE IS MADE CONSTABLE OF FRANCE IN THE of the late lord de Coucy, excepting tihe dower of his widow. Thus ROO OF THE COUNT'EU, wHO tAD DIED IN TO KEY. BOUCICAUT, were tme two ladies de Coucy made widows in one year, which was DURING HIS ABSENCE WITH THE COUNT DE NEVERS, S APPOINTED MAR.,-,a great misfortune. The body of the lord Hleniry was embalmed arid ai great misfortune.'1 he hsody of she hord slemmy was embalmed arid SEAL OF FRANCE IN TItE PLACE OF TUE LORD LOUIS DE SANCERRE. THE:brought to France, and I believe busied at Paris, for his obsequies IRENCH LORDS WHO HAD BEEN FRISONERS IN TUKEY RETURN TC'D ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~FRANCH OD,~OHDBE. R S NR NTRE EUN c,were -there performed with much solemnity. y On account of this RNCE,epidemical distemper, and to avoid its dancer, the count de Nevers You have heard that the count d'Eu, constable of France, died in ileft Venice, and fixed his residence at Trevico, where he and the Ilhi bed at Bursa in Turkey, to the great regret of all his friends,,other French lords remained, with their households, for upward of i. ore especially the king of France, vwho much loved him. The con, four months without stirring from it. Dariu their stay at Treviso, tablesip became vacant by his death, and that office is of sucim time king of Hmungary was informed by the knihts of Rhodes, of their eigstle that it must not long remain so. Councils were theirefore (having made peace with Bajaizet, and obtained their liberty by pay- held to appoint his successor, and the wiser among them nominated ameot of two hundred thousand frnics. He, in consequence, sent the lord Louis de Sancerre, in which they were confirmed by the tletters by a bishop and some of iris knights to the count de Nevers, majority in the kingdom. He had been a very long time marsha to masr his affection to him, with oithers to those who had the gRov- of Farnce, and was so at the time of his election, residing in Lan. +rmient of' Venice. The bishop and knights were ordered by the guedoc. Being seut for by the king to Paris, he was invested with the office of constable, and by this vacated the charge of muarshal;.ft ro a family ft2hat mnae existedB in his time in d'icardtr. on which the kicng said, that he had already thought of a i,~ccessor, CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &Sc. 601 for that no one should have it but his knight the lord Boucicaut. All ter Philip des Playes was one of these embassadors, who had instruc. the lords agreed to the propriety of this choice, for indeed he was tions to prevail on the king of Germany to meet the king of France deserving of it, and when appointed was at Venice. He returned in the city of Rheims; and that no prelates, cardinals, archbishops, home shortly after this, for the ransoms were paid, and the whole of or bishops, might any way interrupt this meeting, or interfere with those who had been prisoners in Turkey came back to France, to the object, it was published that the cause for the two monarchs, with the great joy of their friends and countrymen. The lord Boucicaut their co.cils, coming to Rheims, was to treat of a marriage between was made marshal of France; and the count de Nevers waited on a son of tile marquis of Brandenburgh, brother to the emperor, and the duke and duchess of Burgundy, and was well feasted by them a daughter of the duke of Orleans, and under cover of this they could and others, for he was returned from a long and dangerous expedi- treat of other matters. tion, wherein he and his companions had suffered many perils, but, During the time these negotiations were going forward, the lord through the grace of God, they had escaped, and were returned Guy de Chatillon, count de Blois, departed this life in his hotel at home. Thie count was seen with much pleasure by all in Flanders, Avesnes, in Hainault. He was carried to Valenciennes and buried Artois, and Burgundy, and other dependencies of his father, as he in the church of the Franciscans, in a chapel called the Chapel of was their heir-apparent. After he had remained some time with the Artois. True it is, that he had made a large inclosure for thile Fran. duke and duchess, and had visited the countries under their obedi- ciscans, and intended erecting his tomb within it; but he died so ence, he determined to wait on the king of France and the duke of much in debt, that his countess, the lady Mary of Namur, was obliged Orleans, both of whom received him honorably and kindly. He to renounce all claim to his movables. She dared not act under his was made welcome by all the lords and ladies of the court. The will, but retired to her dowry of the lands of Chimay and Beaurmont, king and the duke of Orleans were very glad to see him again, and and the estates went to their right heirs. The duke of Orleans had eagerly listened to his relation of what he had suffered. They in- the county of Blois, for which, during the late count's life, he had quired news of Turkey, of the battle of Nicopoli, of the adventures paid him two hundred thousand crowns of France. The lands in he had met with, how he was made prisoner, and of the state of Hainault, Holland, and Zealand, went to duke Albert of Bavaria: Bajazet. those of Avesnes, Landrecies, and Louvion in Tierache, fell to John The count satisfied them by his answers, for he was well spoken, of Blois, more commonly called John of Brittany, to whom, if count and made no complaints, at least by speech, of the sultan, but said Guy had not sold it, the county of Blois would have devolved as to he had found him courteous and affable, even to those attached to its right heir. Observe what mischief a lord may do h.is heir by his. his person; that he was very well treated; and he did not forget to tening to bad advice.* [I make mention of it because the count tell the lords to whom he was speaking, that Bajazet, on his taking Guy de Blois was very anxious, during his life, that I, sir John Frois leave, to quit Turkey, had said, that he was born to bear arms, and sart, should indite this history; and he was at great expenses to make conquests in this world every year to a greater extent, and forward it, for so considerable air undertaking cannot be accornthat he wished not to prevent his prisoners from again taking up plished without heavy charges. May God receive his soul i He anrs against him, for he would with pleasure meet them in battle was my lord and patron, of high honor and great renown, and had two, three, or four times if necessary; and that it was his intention no need to make the pitiful bargains he did in the sale of his estates to march to Rome, and feed his horse on the altar of Saint Peter. but he too readily believed those who advised him to dishonorabie The count added, that the sultan thought our faith erroneous, and and profitless acts. The lord de Coucy, who died at Bursa, was very corrupted by those who ought to have kept its purity; and the Turks culpable in this business.] We will now return to the affairs of Englaughed and made their jokes at it. Many Saracens declare that land. Christianity, from the above cause, will be destroyed, and that the time is rn'ow corne for its ruin; and that Bajazet was born to accom- CH A P T E R X C I I. plish this, and be king over all the world. " Such was the language the interpreter translated to me; and, from what I saw and heard, I THE DEATHS OF THE DUKE OF GIOUCESTEt AND THE EARL OF ARUNDEL. believe they are perfectly well acquainted in Turkey, Tartary, Per- THE MANNER IN WHICH THE DUKES OF LANCASTER AND YORK, AND THE LONDONEaS, TAKE THE M~ATTEII. sia, and throughout the whole of the infidels' country, with our LONDONES TAE TE MATTER. schisims in the church, and how thIe Christians are at difference, one You have before seen, in the course of this history, that king with another, respecting the:two popes of France and Italy; and the Richard of England would no -longer conceal the hatred hlie bore his'laracens are wonderfully surprised how the kings of the different uncle of Gloucester, but had determined.to have him cut off, according countries suffer it." to tie advice given him, setting it forth to be more advisable to deThis speech of the count de Nevers gave the king and lords of stroy than be destroyed. You have likewise heard how the king France enough to think on. Some said the Saracens were in the had rode to tihe castle of Pheshy, thirty miles from London, and with right to make their jokes and, laugh, for priests.were allowed to ued- fair words had jacoled the dulke out of his castle, an.d was accompa. dle too much in affairs that did not concern them; that it was nied by him to a lane that led to the Thames, where they arrived tinre to lower their pomp, or force them to do it of themselves. The between ten and eleven o'clock at night; and how the earl-marshal yourng clergy, who were studying the Scriptures at the university of who there lay in ambush, had arrested him in the king's nanme, and Paris, could not obtain any benefices from this schism in the church, forced him toward the Thames, in spite of his cries to tihe king and were not displeased that the people murmured against the popes. to deliver him. He was conscious, that from the moment of his They rejoiced at what the count de Nevers had related, and that the being thus arrested, his end was resolved on, and it was confirmed Turks and Saracens made derision of our faith. "In good truth," to him by the king turning a deaf ear to his complaints, and riding they added, "they are in the right to laugh at it, and, if the king of on full gallop to London, where he lodged that night in the Tower. France and the emperor of' Germany do-not speedily attend to this The duke of Gloucester had other lodgings; for, whether hlie would ~chism, we foresee that church-affairs will daily become worse. All or not, he was forced into a boat that carried him to a vessel at an. things considered, those who have been neuter between the two chor on the Thames, into which he was obliged to enter. -The popes have acted wisely, and thus it behooves every one who wishes earl.marshal embarked also with his men, and, having a favorable for union in the church." wind and tide, they fell down the river, and arrived, late on tihe userIt was secretly told the king, by those who loved him and were row evening, at Calais, without any one knowing of it except the desirous he should regain his health, that it was the common opin- king's officers. [The earl-marshal, as governor, could enter Calais at:on throighout France he would never be perfectly recovered until all hours, without any one thinking it extraordinary: he carried the the church were properly regulated. They added, that his father, duke to the castle, wherein he confined him.] king Charles of happy memory, had, on his death-bed, charged his You may suppose, that when news was carried to Pleshy of the council with this matter that ihe suspected he had been deceived duke of Gloucester's arrest, the duchess and her children were greatlyv.y the:se popes, and had made his determination too soon, for which dismayed, and, since such a bold measure had been taken, were much lhe.felt his conscience was loaded. He excused himself, saying, afr'aid of the consequences. Suspecting the duie's life was in great "When our lord and father died, we were very young. We have danger, they consulted sir John Laquingay what would be best for followed tihe counsel of those who have hitherto governed, and if them now to do. The knight advised them to send instantly to tihe we have acted wrong or foolishly, it has been their fault, and not dukes of Lancaster and York, the duke's brothers; for by their meours; but since we have had fuller information, we will soon attend to diation,perhaps,the king's choler would be appeased. He sawno other the business, and in such a maunoer that the effect shall be apparent." means, as the king would not choose to make them his enemnies. The The king of France paid more attention to this matter than he had duchess of Gloucester followed this advice of the knight, and instantly ever done before, and promised himself and his council that he dispatched messengers to both, for they resided at a distance firom would provide a remnedy. He spoke of it to his brother, the duke each other. They were much enraged at hearing their brother was of Orleanis, who inclined instimntl7 to his opinion, as did the duke of arrested, and returned answers to the duchess, not to be too much Burgnindy, for, uotwithstandin, io he had aeknovwledged the pope, who distressed at what had happened, for the king would not dare to treat styled~l himself Clement, In h hd no greaot faiash in him: the prelates him otherwise than by fair and legal measures, for it would not be of France. particularly Guy he Roye, archbishop of Riheimns, the suffered. This answer comforted tire duchess and her children. archsbishops of Sens, of Rouen, and the bishop of Autun, had in- The king of England left the tower of London at a very early duced himn to acknowledge Clement. hour, and rode to Eltham, where he remained. The same day, It was determined in a private council, that, if a union of the cihurch toward evening, the earls of Arundel and Warwick were brought to were soug'ht for, it was necessary to have the assent of Germany. the Tower by the king's officers, and there confined, to the great sur. Learned nuen were therefore sent as einhiassado or; to the king of Bee Al l between the crotchets is from the 1o1tn. in the B.Museum and at Hatbd, but nor ritemia alx,: GermanytnT, who s~tyledt himlself krini} of~' th-e Riomlans. M~as.. inl the yrinted eOl~les. 602 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. prise of the citizens. Their imprisonment caused many to murmur, Arundel in their attempts to annul the truce which had been sigueo but they were afraid to act, or do anything against the king's plea- and sealed by the kings of France and England, for themselves and sure, lest they might suffer for it. It was the common conversation allies. This alone was a crime to be punished by an ignominious of the knights, squires, and citizens of London, and in other towns: death: for the conditions of the treaties were, that whoever should "It is useless for us to say more on this matter, for the dukes of Lan- break or infringe themn was to be so punished. caster and of York, brothers to the duke of Gloucester, can provide The earl of Salisbury was very earnest in his supplications for the a remedy for all this whenever they please: they assuredly would have earl of Warwick. They had been brothers in arms ever since their prevented it from happening, if they had suspected the king had so youth; and he excused him on account of his great age, and of his much courage, or that he would have arrested their brother; but they being deceived by the fair speeches of the duke of Gloucester and will repent of their indolence: and, if they are not instantly active, the earl of Arundel: that what had been done was not from his instiit will end badly." gation, but solely by that of others; and the house of Beanchamp, of When the duke of Gloucester saw himself confined in the castle which the earl of Warwick was the head, never imagined treason of Calais, abandoned by his brothers, and deprived of his attendants, against the crown of England. The earl of Warwick was, therehe began to be much alarmed. IHe addressed himself to the earl- fore, through pity, respited from death, but banished to the Isle of marhsal: "For what reason am I thus carried from England and Wight, which is a dependency on England. He was told: "Earl of confined here? It seems that you mean to imprison me. Let me go Warwick, this sentence is very favorable, for you have deserved to and view the castle, its garrison, and the people of the town." " My die as much as the earl of Arundel, but the handsome services you lord," replied the earl, "I dare not comply with your demands, for you have done in times past, to king Edward of happy memory, and the are consigned to my guard, under pain of death. The king our lord prince of Wales his son, as well on this as on the other side of the is at this moment somewhat wroth with you; and it is his orders that sea, have secured your life; but it is ordered that you banish youryou abide here a while, in banishment with us, which you must have self to the Isle of Wight, taking with you a sufficiency of wealth to patience to do, until we have other news, and God grant that it may support your state as long as you shall live, and that you never quit be soon! for, as the Lord may help me, I am truly concerned for your the island." The earl of Warwick was not displeased with this disgrace, and would cheerfully aid you if I could, but you know the sentence, since his life was spared, and, having thanked the king oath I have taken to the king, which I am bound in honor to obey." and council for their lenity, made no delay in his preparations to The duke of Gloucester could not obtain any other answer. He surrender himself in the Isle of Wight on the appointed day, which Judged, from appearances of things around him, that he was in dan- he did with part of his household. The Isle of Wight is situated ger of his life, and asked a priest who had said mass, if he would opposite the coast of Normandy, and has space enough for the resi. confess him. This he did, with great calmneas and resignation, and deuce of a great lord, but he must provide himself with all that lhe with a devout and contrite heart' cried before the altar of God, the may want from the circumjacent countries, or he will be badly sup. Creator of all things, for his mercy. He was repentant of all his plied with provision and other things. sins, and lamented them greatly. He was in the right thus to exon- Thus were affairs carried on in England, and daily going from bad erate his conscience, for his end was nearer than he imagined. I to worse, as you will find it related. When the dukes of Lancaster was informed, that on the point of his sitting down to dinner, when and York heard of their brother's death at Calais, they instantly eus. the tables were laid, and he was about to wash his hands, four men pected the king their nephew was guilty of it. At the time, they rushed out from an adjoining chamber, and, throwing a towel round were not together, but each at his country-seat, according to the cushis neck, strangled him, by two drawing one end and two the other.* tom in England. They wrote to each other to consult how they When he was quite dead, they carried him to his chamber, undressed should act on the occasion, and hastened to London because they him, and placed the body between two sheets, with his head on a knew the citizens were very angry at the event. On their arrival, pillow, and covered him with furred mantles. They then reentered the they had several meetings, and declared that the putting the duke of hall, properly instructed what to say and how to act, and declared the Gloucester to death for some foolish words ought not to be passed duke of Gloucester had been seized with a fit of apoplexy as he was over in silence, nor borne; for, although he had warmly opposed the washing his hands before dinner, and that they had great difficulty to treaty with France, he had not acted upon it; that there was an canrry him to bed. This was spoken of in the castle and town, where essential difference between talking and acting, and that words alone some believed it, but others not. Within two days after, it was pub- did not deserve the severe punishment he had suffered, and that this lished abroad that the duke of Gloucester had died in his bed at the matter must be inquired into and amended. The two brothers were castle of Calais; and, in consequence, the earl-marshal put on mourn- in a situation to'have thrown England into confusion, for there were ing, for he was nearly related to him, as did all the knights and squires enow who would have supported them, more especially all the kin. in Calais. dred of the late earl of Arundel, which is a powerful family in EngNews of this event was sooner known in France and Fanders than land, and the family of the earl of Stafford. In England. The French rejoiced much at it; for it was commonly The king at this time resided at Eltham, whither he had summoned reported that there would never be any solid peace between France all his vassals and dependents. He had collected round London, in and England as long as the duke of Gloucester lived; and it was the counties of Kent and Essex, upward of ten thousand archers, well remembered, that in the negotiations for peace he was more and had with him his brother sir John Holland, the earl-marshal, the obstinate in his opinions than either of his brothers; and, for this earl of Salisbury, with many other great barons and knights. The reason, his death was no loss to France. In like manner, many king sent orders to the citizens of London not to admit the duke of knights and squires of the king of England's household, who were Lancaster within their walls; hut they replied, they knew of no rcaafraid of him, for his severe and rough manners, were pleased at his son why they should refuse him admittance, and the duke resided death. They recounted how he had driven the duke of Ireland to there with his son the earl of Derby, as did the duke of York with his banishment, and had ignominiously beheaded that prudent and gal- son the earl of Rutland. The king loved the earl of Rutland and lant knight sir Simon Burley, who had been so much beloved by the the earl-marshal beyond measure: the fi-.st dissembled his opinions prince of Wales, and had done essential services to his country. concerning the death of the duke of Gloucester, and would willingly The deaths of sir Robert Trevilian, sir Nicholas Bramber, sir John have seen peace restored on both sides. He said, that his late uncle Standwich, and others, were not forgotten, so that the duke of Glou- had on several occasions treated the ling very unbecomingly. The custer was but little lay-ented in England, except by those who were Londoners considered, also, that great mischiefs might befal England of his party and manner of thinking, from these dissensions between the king, his uncles, and their supThe duke's body was honorably embalmed at Calais, and put into porters; that, since the duke of Gloucester was now dead, it could a leaden coffin, with an outward one of' wood, and transported in this not be helped; and that he, in some measure, had been the cause of State by sea to England. The vessel that carried the body landed it, by his too great freedom of speech, and from his attempts to excite at Hadleigh Castle on the Thames, and thence it was conveyed on a the people of England to break the truces that had been signed becar, unattended, to his castle of Pleshy, and placed in the church tween France and England. The citizens, therefore, prudently'dis. which the duke had founded in honor of the Holy Trinity, with sembled their thoughts; and, as what was done could not now be twelve canons to perform devoutly the divine service. In this undone, they feared, should matters be pushed to extremities, they church was the duke buried. The duchess of Gloucester, her son might suffer very considerably in their commerce from the king of Humphrey, and her two daughters, were sorely grieved when the France. body of the duke arrived. The duchess had double cause of afflic- The resentments of the citizens began to cool, and they offered to lion, for the earl of Arundel, her uncle, had been publicly beheaded mediate between the king and the duke of Lancaster, who was in Cheapside by orders of the king. No baron nor knight dared to mightily angered by the murder of his brother. He bethought himinterpose, nor advise the king to do otherwise, for he was himself self, however, that as his nephew was married to the daughter of the present at the execution, which was performed by the earl's son.in- king of France, should he wage war against king Richard, his two law, the earl-marshal, who bandaged his eyes. daughters married in Castille and Portugal might suffer for it, from The earl of Warwick ran great risk of suffering the same death, the French carrying a war into those countries. The dulte was but the earl of Salisbury, who was in favor with the king, interceded beside forced to change his mind, whether he would or not, from for him, as did many other barons and prelatea. The hing listened the solicitations of the citizens of London and some of the English to their solicitations, on condition he were sent to a place he could prelates, who had been tIme mediators between the king and his not leave, for he would never absolutely pardon him, as he was descry- uncles. The king obtained peace, on promising from that day for. ing death, for having joined the duke of Gloucester and the earl of ward to be solely guided by the advice of the duke of Lancaster, * riewasemethered with mitaws, eat strangSled. hiatt, ace of the accoamptices made engaging never to do anything without first consulting him. The particular e(a3tession of all the circumstances. See Parl. Pla~. viii. p..52. —Ea. promise, however, he paid not any regard to, but followed the counscli CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c 603 of the rash and evil-minded, for which hereafter he severely suffered, all the gold and silver plate that was used, as well as what was on ELS shall be related in this history. Thus did the king of England the side-board, with all the tapestry and ornaments of the apartment gain peace from his uncles for the murder of the duke of Gloucester, whither the emperor retired after dinner to partake of wine and and now governed more fiercely than before. He went with his spices. This gift was estimated at two lhundred thousand florins; state to Pleshy in Essex, which had belonged to his uncle of Glou. and the other Germanswere presented with magnificent gifts of gold cester, and should have descended to his son Humphrey as heir to and silver plate. The Germans, and other strangers who had come his father; but the king took posession of it, for it is the rule in thither to view the feast, greatly wondered at the wealth and power Enigland for the king to have the wardship of all children who have of France. lost their fathers, and are under twenty.one years of age, at which During the residence of these monarchs at Rheims, their ministers period their estates are restored to them. King Richard took his frequently met to consider of the marriage of the marquis of Brancousin Humphrey of Gloucester in ward, appropriating all his posses.' denburgh, and the reformation of the church. The marriage was ions to his own profit. He made him rive with him, and the duch- agreed on, and published in Rheims, but their consultations and reess and her two daughters with the queen. solutions, concerning the church, were kept secret: what I shall say The late duke of Gloucester was by inheritance constable of Eng- on the subject came to my knowledge afterwards. It was determined land; but the king deprived his heir of it, and gave it to his cousin that Peter d'Ailly, bishop of Cambray, should be sent an embassadoi the earl of Rutland. The king now assumed a greater state than from the emperor and king of France to the person who styled him. ever king of England had done before, nor had there been any one self pope Boniface at Rome, and negotiate with him in their names who had expended such large sums by one hundred thousand nobles, with the view of inducing him to submit to a new election: should lie also took the wardship of the heir of Arundel, son to the late the choice again fall on himn, he would be acknowledged by them as earl whom he had beheaded in London, as has been related, and pope, but, if not, then he was to resign. The bishop was to declare forced him to live with him. And because one of the knights of thd the same to the pope of Avignon; adding that, if either of the popes late duke of Gloucester, named Cerbec,* had spoken too fireeiy of refused to comply with this disposition of the two monarchs, they the king and counciI, he was arrested and instantly beheaded. Sir would be degraded, and every honor and profit of the church taken John Lacquingay was likewise in some peril; but, when he saw the from them: that in this the kings of England, Scotland, Castille, turn affairs had taken, hlie quitted the service of the duchess of Glou- Portugal, and Navarre, had joined. The emperor said he would cester, and fixed his abode elsewhere. At this period there was no answer for his brother the king of Hungary, and all Bohemia and one, however great, in England, that dared speak his sentiments of Germany, as far as Prussia, being of the same sentiment. The what the king did or intended doing. He had formned a council of monarchs likewise declared, that, on the bishop's return from his his own firom the knights of his chamber, who encouraged him to embassy, they would exert themselves, with their firiends and. allies, act as they advised. The king had in his pay full two thousand that what they had now agreed on should be executed without any archers, who were on guard day and night, for he did not think him- variation. Thus ended this meeting: the two mpnarchs separated self perfectly safe from his uncles or the Arundel family.t most amicably, and each returned to his usual place of residence. The dulke of Burgundy refused to attend at Rheims; for he said it would not answer any purpose, and that whatever might be given to CI APTEBR XCIII. the Germans, they would never keep the engagements they should enter into. However, notwithstanding this speech of the dake, no. & GR1EAT ASSEItIBLY ItOLDEN AT RHEIMS, BY TIIE EMPEROR OF..ER- thing was left undone, and matters were concluded as you have MANY AhND ItTCNG OF FRANCE, ON THE SCHISM IN THE CHURCH, AND heard. ON THE MEANS OF UNITING THE TWO PARTIES. Peter d'Ailly, bishop of Cambray, was not long in making prepa. AT this period, there was a numerous assembly of great lords in rations for his journey, and set out on his embassy to Rome and the city of Rheims, as well from the empire of Germany as from Avignon, to declare the engagements the emperor and king of France France, whose object was to restore union to the church. At the had entered into. The king of France sent embassadors to his sonsolicitation of the king of France, the emperort had come thither in in-law, the king of England, to acquaint him with what had been person, attended by his ministers; but because they wished it not to done, that he might unite in the same opinion. King Richard re. be publicly known that this meeting was to consider of the rivalship ceived the embassadors with joy: and when he learnt the object of of the two popes of Rome and of Avignon, they had it rumored, that their mission, which was, to entreat he would remain neuter, if he the lords of the einpire came to Rheims to treat of a marriage be- could not prevail on his subjects to unite with France and Germany, tween ason of the marquis of Brandenburgh, brother to the emperor, in case the two popes refused compliance, replied he would so man. and a daughdter of the duke of Orleans. The king of France was age that his kingdom should act in the matter as he pleased. This lodged in the archbishop's palace, as were the dukes of Orleans, he instantly promised, to the great joy of the embassadors. After Berry, Burgundy, and count de Saint Pol, wiih other barons and they had stayed with the king and queen of England as long as they prelates of France. When the emperor was about to make his entry had chosen, they took leave and returned to Paris by Boulogne, and into Rheims, all these lords and prelates, with Charles, king of Na- related all that had passed to the Iking and council. This was very varre, went to mineet him: after receiving him most honorably, they agreeable to the king, and affairs remained in this state some time. conducted him firLst to the church of Our Lady, and then to the abbey The king of Navarre came to Paris to visit the king of France, of Saint Remny, where he was lodged with all his lords. His atten- and thought he might perhaps recover his inheritance of Evre mx in dauts, and thle others who had accompanied him, were placed as Normandy, which the king of France had seized from his father, as near him as was possible; and the king of France had ordered, that has been related in this history; but, in spite of every attempt, lie all the expenses of the emperor and Germans, during their residence was unsuccessful. The king of Navarre, seeing he labored in vain, in Rheims, should be paid by his officers in the most ample manner. took the matter in great displeasure, and abruptly left the court of [n consequence, there were daily delivered to the Germans ten tons France, discontented with the king and his ministers, aind returned of lherrings, fbr it was Lent, and eig'ht hundred carp, without count- to Navarre. We will now leave the affairs of Germany, France, and,ng different sorts of fish and other thimngs, which cost the king im- Navarre, to speak of what befel England, whence sprung such mel. fmeI~se sums. ancholy events as have not been recorded in this history, and wlach When the emperor paid his first visit to the king of France. the my readers will allow when they come to the detail of them. ereat lords before-mentioned went to seek him at the abbey of Saint Remy, and conducted him in great state to the palace. On the two inonarchs meeting, they paid many compliments to each other, as C H A P T ER X C I V. tihey knew well how to do, especially the king of France, for the G{ermans are a rude, unmannered race, except in what regards their THE EARL-MARSHAL CHALLENGES TItE EARL OF DERBY, SON TO THE DUKEI pGrmaos ardvantage, and in this they are active and expert enoutb. OF LANCASTER, IN THE PRESENCE OF THE KING AND HIS COUNCIL. pon,orsoat advantage, and in this they tare active and expert enough. The. lords of both countries who were present male acquaintance KirNG Richard of England was of a temper that, when he toolt a together, with many outward signs of satisfaction: and the king of liking to any one, he instantly raised him to high honors, and had Fralce entertained the whole at dinner, of which I will mention such confidence in him that no one dared to say anything to his smmre particulars. At the top of the Iking's table was seated the prejudice. At the same time, there had not been a king of England isatriarch of Jerusalem: next to him the emperor, then the king of in the memory of man who so easily believed all that was told him. France, and the king of Navarre: no more were at this table. At His favorites, however, paid no attention to the miserable fate of thc others were seated the lords from Germany; and they were many of their predecessors; how the duke of Ireland had been ban 0-.it,:d _, by the lords of France, for none of them sat down. The ished, sir Simon Burley, sir Robert Tresilian, sir Nicholas Bramber dculm s of Perry, Bourbon, and the count de St. Pol, with other great and others had lost their lives, for counsels they had given the king, I o,I, placed the dishes, and served the king's table. The duce of and for which the duke of Gloucester had taklen great pains in theil O:'leanis supplied the company with such quantities of plates of gold destruction. The duke was now dead, and the favorites of the ami silver, as though they had been made of wood. The dinner moment, who continually counselled the king as they pleased, were was splendid, and abundantly well served, and deserving of remem- not sorry, for they imagined no one would now pretend to oppose bran-mce. I was told that the king made a present to the emperor of them. Some about the king's person could not disguise their pride and presumption, especially the earl-marshal, who was in the highes Cerbe. It s is Cerber and Cerbel. degree of favor. To flatter and please the Ming, and to show howi' Per more ample particulars respecting the muytder of the duke of loueester, I mu~ true and loyal a servant he was, whenever he heard any reports he eefer the reader to Mr. Gough's History of Ptleshy.. Wea'eslausof Luaembour. to them to the king, expecting from such means to rise sil CHRONICLES OF ENGLAN D, FRANCE, SPAIN 1, &c. higher in favor; but many, thinking to advance, are repulsed. Thus was arrived, and all the lords had retired after dinner with the king it happened to the earl-marshal. to his council-chamber, the earl-marshal, having settled in his own You must know that the earl of Derby and the late duke of Glou- mind how to act and what to say, cast himself on his knees before cester had married two sisters, daughters to the carl of Hereford and the king, and thus addressed him:] "Very dear and renowned lord, Northampton, constable of England: the children, therefore, of the I am of your kindred, your liege man and marshal of England; and earl of Derby and duke of Gloucester were cousins-german by their I have besides sworn on my loyalty, my hand within yours, that I mother's side, and one degree removed by their fathers'. To say would never conceal from you anythinlr I might hear or see to your the truth, the death of the duke of Gloucester had displeased many prejudice, on pain of being accounted a disloyal traitor. This 1I {m of the great barons of England, who frequently murmured at it when resolved never to be, but- o acquit myself before you and all the together; but the king had now so greatly extended his power, none world." The king, fixing his eyes on him, asked, "- Earl-marshal dared to speak of it openly, nor act upon the current rumors of the what is your meaning in saying thus? We will know,it." "Very mode of his death. The king had caused it to be proclaimed, that dear lord," replied the eall, " as I have declared, I will not keep any whoever should say anything respecting the duke of Gloucester or secret from you: order the earl of Delby to come to your presence, the earl of Arundel, should be reckoned a false and wicked traitor and I will speak out." The earl of Derby was called'for, and the and incur his indignation. This threat had caused many to be silent. king made the earl-marshal rise, for he addressed him oIn his knees. afraid of what might befal them, who were, nevertheless, much dis- On the earl of Derby's arrival, who thought no harm, the earl-marsatisfied. shal spoke as follows: " Earl of Derby, I charge you with having At this time, a conversation passed between dthe earl of Derby and thought and spoken disrespectfully against your natural lord the king the earl.marshal, in which the state of the king and the counsellors of England, when you said he was unworthy to hold his crown: that whom he trusted became the subject of discussion.'The earl-mar- without law or justice, or consulting his council, he disturbed the shal caught at the following words the other had made use of, with.realm; and that, without any shadow of reason, he banished those a good intent, thinking they would never have,been mentioned again, valiant men from his kingdom who ought to be its defenders, for all for they were neither arrogant nor traitorous: "Holy Mary! fair of which I present my glove, and shall prove, my body against yours, cousin, what does the king next intend to do? Will he drive all the that you are a false and wicked traitor." nobles out of England2? There will soon be none left; and he The earl of Derby was confounded at this address, and retired a,"~!~i~ jilii ~i~~i1i ~..~, ": i~i i ~ihl' " 11~il 1 i t::!liggs; ["'. THE EARL-MARSHAL CHALLENGING THE EARL OF DERaY. Froe MSS. of the Fifteenth Century. ~,ainly shows he is not desirous to add to the honor of his realn." few paces, without demanding from the duke his-father, or any ot his The earl-marshal made no reply, but treasured this speech in his friends, how he should act. Having mused a while, he advanced, mind, as he considered it very imopertinent, in regard to the king, and with his hood in his hand, toward the king, and said, "Earl-marshal, thought within himself that the earl of Derby was well inclined to I say that thou art a false and wicked traitor, which I will bodily excite troubles is England, for he was marvellously beloved by the prove on thee, and here is my glove." The earl-marshal, seeing his Londoners. He therefore determined (for the devil entered his brain, challenge was accepted, shoved a good desire.for the combat, by and what has been ordained to happen must soon come to pass,) to taking up the glove and saying, " I refer your answer to the good report this speech in the presence of the king and his nobility. pleasure of the king and the lords now present. I will prove that Soon after this conversation, the earl-marshal, to flatter and gain what yen save said is false, and that my words are true." Each of favor with the king, said: [" My lord, all your enemies and ill- these lords then withdrew with his fiiends, and the time for serving wishers are not dead, nor out-of thise kin gdom." The king changed wine and spices ayes passed by; for the king showed he was sore color, and replied, "How, cousin, do you know this?" ".I know it displeased, and retired to his chamber and shut himself within it. well," answered the earl-marshal: "for the moment, I will not say His two uncles remained without with their children, as did the earl more; but, that you may provide a remedy in time, have it pro- of Salisbury and Huntingdon, the king's brother. claimed that you will hold a solemn feast on this ensuing Palm Soon afterwards, the king called to him his uncles, and demanded Sunday, and invite all the princes of your blood, particularly the fronm them how he was to act on this occasion. "Sire, order your earl of L~erby, when you shall hear something that will surprise you, constable hither, and ave will tell you." The earl of Rutland, consand what you are not suspicious of, notwithstandiisg it so nearly stable of Esgland, being sent for, came, and he'was told: "Constaconcerns you." The king was very pensive on hearing, this, and ble, gco to the t' -1 of Derby and the earl-marshal, and oblige them to bheoed the earl-marshal to give hin further information; that he promsise not to quit the kingdom without the king's permission." might safely tell him all, for he would keep it secret. I know not The constable obeyed the order, and returned to the king's apartif he did so; but the king, if he did, kept it to himself, and allowved naent. You may believe the whole court was greatly troubled by the earl to act in the matter as he pleased; the consequences of which this event, and many barons and knights were much displeased, who were as follows. blamed the earlmarshal for his conduct; but vhat he had said he The king had it proclaimed that he would hold a solemn feast at cov-'* not now retract, and he showed by Ihis manners that he made his lilace at Eltham on Palm Sunday, and sent particular invitations light of it, so arrogant and savollen with pride was his heart. The to the dukes of Lancaster and Yortk end their children who, not lords now separated, each for his oan home. TIhe duke of Lancas suspecting any mischief, came thither. When the day of th.',%ast ter, in stAte osf a:)pearances, was much vexed at what had passed, aF~~~~~~~~~~~.!IjI~~~~~~lijiiii ~~~ 5DI?;t i~'~"~~;~~~-~~,.I!A~'~-~f' 1~'~~.~!~: 11119iliF~,V CHRONICLE or u iENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 605 an. nis opinion was, that the king should not have listened to such and as seldom saw his son, acting throughout with great good sense a charge, but instantly have annihilated it; and in this lieh was joined He kneew the earl of Derby was very popular with all ranks in Eng. tny the niore sensible barons of the country. land, but more particularly with the Londoners, who waited on him, The earl of Derby resided in London, for he had his house there, and addressed him: "Earl of Derby, make your mind easy: what. and kept up his state. The duke of Lancaster, the duke of York, ever may be the event of this combat it will turn out to your honor, the earl of Northumberland, and many other great lords, for he was in spite of the king and all his minions. We know well how things much beloved, were his securities to appear and answer the chal- are managed, and what will be the result of them: this accusation lenge. The earl-marshal was sent to the Tower of London, where has been invented by envy, to cause your banishment out of the he lived with his household. These two lords made ample provision kingdom, where they are aware you are so greatly beloved by all of all things necessary for the combat; and the earl of Derby sent ranks and sexes; and should you be forced to quit us in sorrow, you off messengers to Lombardy to have armor from sir Galeas, duke of shall return in joy, for you are more worthy to rule than Richard of Milan. The duke complied with joy, and gave the knight, called Bordeaux. Whoever may choose to search the matter to the bottom, sir IFrancis, who had brought the message, the choice of all his armor to discover the real origin of you both, will soon see that you have a for fae earl of Derby. When he had selected what he wished for in greater right to the crown of England than he who wears it, although plated and mail armor, the lord of Milan, out of his abundant love we have paid him hornage, and acknowledged him for king these to the earl, ordered four of the best armorers in Milan to accompany twenty years; but that was obtained by the entreaties of your grandthe knight to England, that the carl of Derby might be more corn- father, king Edward of happy memory, who was suspicious of what pletely armed. The earl-marshal, on the other hand, sent into Ger- we hint, and feared the consequences. There was once a serious many, whence he thought he should be ably assisted by his friends. dispute on this subject between king Edward and your grandfather Each provided himself most magnificently, to outshine the other; by your mother's side, duke Henry of Lancaster, but the great lords but the greater splendor was shown by the carl of Derby, for I must interfered and made up matters between thent. King Edward was say that, when the earl-marshal undertook this business, he expected valiant and successful in all his enterprises, and had gained the love to have been better supported than he was by the king. Itwas of his subjects high and low. Your grandfather of Lancaster only hinted to the king, by those near his person: "Sire, you have no required from the king what was just, and served him and his kingoccasion to interfere further in this matter: dissemble your thoughts, domrn so loyally, that his conduct deserved the commendation of all. and leave them to themselves: they are fully capable of managing it. Every one who knew him called him their old father. These things The earl of Derby is wondrous popular in the kingdom, but more are worthy of king Richard's consideration, and may make him repent, especially in London; and, should the citizens perceive that you if anything can, at his leisure, that he has not more prudently govtake part with the earLmarshal against the carl of Derby, you will erried." Such conversations did many of the nobles and citizens of irrecoverably lose their affection." London hold with the earl of Derby, who was pleased with their af. The king attended to this advice, for he knew it was true: in fection, and received them kindly. He did not, however, neglect consequence, he dissembled his opinion, and suffered each to provide any preparations for his combat, but sent to every one of his friends for himself. The news of this combat between the earl of Derby throughout England, to entreat their company at the appointed day and the earl-marshal minade a great noise in foreign parts: for it was and place. to be for life or death, and before the king and great barons of Eng- King Richard, notwithstanding he had suffered this challenge and land. It was spoken of differently: some said, particularly in France: appeal to arms to be made in his presence, was uncertain how to act, "1Let them fight it out: these English knights are too arrogant, and and whethtr to allow the combat to take place or not. And although in a short time will cut each other's throats. They are the most li he was the king of England the most feared oif any who had worn perverse nation under the sun, and their island is inhabited by the the crown, he was guarded day and night by two thousand archers, proudest people." But others, more wise, said: "The king of Eng- who were regularly paid weekly, and had confidence only in his bro. land does not show great sense, nor that he is well advised, when ther carl of Huntingdon, and the earls of Salisbury and Rutland, his for foolish words, undcleserving serious notice, he permits two such cousin, who were highly in his favor. He paid no regard to others, valiant and noble lords, and of his kindred, thus to engage in mortal except a few of the knights of his chamber, who were his advisers. combat. He ought, according to the opinions of mniany wise men to When the day for the combat was approaching, and the two lords have said, when he first heard this charge:'You earl of Derby, and had made their preparations, waiting only for the king's commands, you earl-marshal, are my near relations: I command, therefore, that king Richard's secret advisers aslked, " Sire, what is your intention you harbor no hatred nor malevolence against each other, hut live respecting this combat between your two cousins, the earl of Derby like friends and cousins as you are. Should your stay in this coun- and the earl-marshal? Will you permit them to proceed?" "Yes," try become tiresome, travel into foreign parts, to Hungary or else- replied the king: "why not? I intend to be present myself and to where, and seek for deeds of arms and adventures.'" If the king of see their prowess. We may perhaps learn, ft'om the issue of this England had done so, orcome forward to prevent this combat, he would combat, what we are now ignorant of, although it may be very imhave acted wisely, according to the opinions of men of sense and pru- portaint for us to know, that we may provide accordingly: for there deuce. i no one so great in England, but, if he anger me, he shall dearly The duke of Lancaster was much vexed and melancholy at see- pay for it. Should I allow myself to be any way governed by ary ing the king of England, his nephew, thus badly conduct himself, subjects, they would soon overpower me; I know for certain that but knew not to whom to open his thoughts. He, like a wise man, isome of my kinsmen have held secret nimeetings respecting my gov. considered the consequences that might ensue, and at times said to ernment; but the most dangerous among them was the dutke of Glouthose hlie most confided in: "Our nephew will ruin everything btfore cester, for in all England there was none more wrong-headed. He he have done: he too readily listens to evil counsellors, who will is now at peace, and henceforward we shall manage the rest well destroy him and his kingdom. Should he live long, he will lose by enough. But tell me, I pray you, why you ask the question?" little and little all it has cost his predecessors and us so much pains " Sire," replied thiey, "we are bound to advise you to the best of our to gain. He encourages discord between his nobles and great lords, knowledge and abilities. We sometimes hear and observe what you by whom he ought to be honored and served, and the country guarded. cannot, for you are in your apartments, and we abroad in the fields, He has put my brother to death, for it is now notorious he ordered or in London, where many conversations are held that nearly touch it, and likewise the earl of Arundel, because they told him the you, as well as us. There is yet time to provide a remedy, and we truth; but this he refuses to hear, and will not listen to any one who earnestly advise you not to delay it." "What do you mean?" said does not flatter his own imaginations. He cannot sooner ruin his the king: " spealk out, and do not spare me; for I wish to act rightly country than by exciting hatreds among his nobility and principal and to maintain justice in my kiingdom." " Sire, the common report towns. The French are too subtle a race, for one misfortune that throughout England, but especially in London, is, that you are the befalls us they would wish ten, as they can never obtain their cause of this combat, and that you have induced the earl-marshal to ends, or recover their domains, but through ourselves; and every challenge the earl of Derby. The Londoners in general, and many day there are examples of the misery of kingdoms when divided. of the prelates and nobles, say, that you are in the direct road to deSuch has been the unfortunate lot of France, Castille, Naples, and stroy all your kindred and kingdom, but that they will not suffer it the Roman state; and the present schism is the ruin of the contend- to he done. Now, were the citizens to rise and be joined by the ing popes, as well as the church. Flanders is another example which nobility, who could oppose them? You have no power but from we have seen of self-destruction. Friesland is at this moment in your vassals; and they are now more suspicious of you than ever, a similar state, oppressed by the war of the count of Hainault, and from your marriage with a princess of France; and you are less beruining themselves by domestic quarrels. We shall be in the same loved by your subjects on this account. Know, that if you allow situation unless God prevent it,fromr the appearance of the presentstate these two earls to meet in arms, you will not be lord of the field, but of affairs. Thie king has consented that my son anmid heir, for I have the Londoniers, united with the earl of Derby's great connections by none other by my first two marriages, should be challenged to mortal blood, who are all much attached to him. The earl-marshal is be. combatfor a mere trifle; and I, his father, dare not say a word against come very unpopular, particularly with the citizens of London, who it, in regard to my owm and my son's honor; for nuy son has the would willingly pitt him to death. Three parts of the people of Eug feel4ngs of a knight, and is of sufficient strength to encounter the land say, that when you heard the charge of the earl-marshal, you earl.marshal. Howbeit, let the best be made of it, they will never should have acted otherwise than you did, and checked the quarrel again love each other as they did before." Such were the conver. by telling themi,' You are both my cousins and liege men, and I connations of the duke of Lancaster. mand that peace be henceforward between you;' and that you should The two earls, in the meantime, were making every preparation have taken the esrl of Derby hmy the hammd, and led him to your cham. for their combat. The duke of Lancaster never went near thie king, I her wvith every token of afibction. Because you did not this, lame GOB CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. common report is, that you warmly take the part of the earl-marshal all this mischief has been caused by him and his foolish talking: het against the earl of Derby. Weigh well what we have said, for we must therefore pay for it." Thus conversed many English knights have told you the truth, and you never had more occasion for good with each other, the day the king passed sentence on the earl o advice than at this moment." Derby and the earl-marshal. The king, on hearing these words, changed color, (for they had boldly spoken out, and certainly what they had said could not be contradicted,) turned aside and leant on a window, where he mused a considerable time. He then turned to those who had addressed THE EARL OF DERBY, IN CONSEQUENCE OF 1lIS BANISHMENT, LEAVES him, namely, the archbishop of York, the earls of Huntingdon and ENGLAND FOR FRANCE. TIE EARL-MARSHAL, IN OBEDIENCE TO 1is Salisbury, and three other knights of his chamber, and said, "I SENTENCE, GOES TO FLANDERS, AND THENCE INTO LOMBARDY. have attentively heard everything you have advised, and should be WHEN the two earls heard the sentence the king had passed on blameworthy if I followed not your counsel: consider, therefore, them, they were much cast down, and not without cause. The how you would have me act." "Sire," replied their spokesman, earl-marshal bitterly repented what he had said and done, nut lihe "what we have been talking of is matter of great danger. You could not foresee its consequences: he had firmly relied on being must dissemble your resentments, and put an end to this business, if otherwise supported by the king than he was, or he would not have you wish for peace and to preserve your honor. You ought to pay thought of it. It was, however, necessary to make his preparations more respect to the general opinion of your realm than to the idle for banishment, ie settled the payments of his inconme through the talk of two knights. It is believed throughout England that the lord Lombards of Bruges, and, quitting England, arrived at Calais, where marshal behaved himself very ill, and, by stirring up many things he had been governor. He staid there a short time, to receive part that were better forgotten, is desirous to pick a quarrel with the earl of his equipage which had been left behind. On his departure he of Derby, raise the people, and throw all things into confusion. Hle took leave of the townsmen of Calais, and having fixed his ronte, must therefore suffer for so doing, aid the earl of Derby be acquitted. would not go to France nor Hainault, for lie had not anybusiness at We have considered the matter in every point of view, and advise these places, but went to Bruges, where le staid fifteen days. On that, before they armn or make furtler preparations, you send them leaving this town, he visited Ghent, Mechlin, Louvain, St. Tron, your commands to appear before you, and to abide by whatever you Utrecht, Aix and Cologne, where we will leave him, and speak of determine between them. You will therefore give judgment, that, the earl of Derby, who in like manner made his preparations fom within fifteen days, the earl marshal quit England, without any hope obeying his sentence of banishment. of ever returning, and the earl of Derby be baiiished thence for the When the day of his exile drew near, he went to Elthani where space of ten years. When the tiwe for their departure alrives, you the king resided. He found there his father, the dulrke of York his will, to please the people, abridge fbur years of the earl of Derby's uncle, and with them the arl of Northumberland, ir Heny ecy uncle, and with them the earl of Northumberland, Sir Henry Percy sentence, so that his batnishment will be only for six years, but that his son, and a great many barons and knights of England, vexed he must not expect further favor. Such is the advice we give you: that his ill fortune should force him out of England. The greater be very careful to prevent their meeting in arms, or the greatest lis- part of thenm accompanied him to the presence of the king, to learn chiefs may arise from it." The king was thoughtful a moment, and his ultimate pleasure as to this banishment. The king pretended replied,~~~~~ Ino kaefithfll adviet end i hl edon. replied, "1 You have faithfully advised me, anid it shall be done." that he was very happy to see these lords: he entertained, them well, and there was a full court on the occasion. The earl of Salisbury, and the earl of Huntingdon, who had married the duke of LancasCH A P T E R XCV. ter's daughter, were present, and kept near to the earl of' Derby, BING IICHARD OF ENGLAND BANISHES TI-E EARL OF. DERBY FROM ENGLAND whether through dissimulation or not I am ignorant. When the FOR TEN TEARS, AND THE EARL-nMARSHAL FOR HIS LIFE. time for the earl of Derby's taking leave arrived, the king addressed his cousin with great apparent humility, and said, "that as God NOT long after this, the king of England siummoied a large coun- might help him, the words which had passed between him and the cil of the great nobles and prelates at Eltham. On their arrival, hlie lord marshal had much vexed him; and that he had judged the oiltplaced his two uncles of Lancaster and York beside him, with the ter between them to the best of his understanding, and to satisfy tilhe earls of Northumberland, Salisbury and Huntingdon. The earl of people, who had murmured greatly at this quarrel. Whereforle, Derby and the earl-marshal were sent for, and put into separate cousin," lie added, "6to relieve you somewhat of your pain, I now chambers, for it had been. ordered they were not to meet. The king remit four years of the term of your banishment, and reduce it to six showed he wished to mediate between them, notwithstanding their years instead of ten. Make your preparations, and provide accordwords had been very displeasing to him, and ought not to be lightly ingly." " My lord," replied the earl, "1 humbly thank you; anid, pardoned. He required therefore that they should submit themselves when it shall be your good pleasure, yol will extend your mniercy." to his decision; and to this end sent the constable of England, with The lords present were satisfied with the answer, and for this time four great barons, to oblige them to promise punctually to obey it. were well pleased with the king's behavior, for he received them T'he constable and the lords waited on the two earls, and explained kindly. Some of them returned with the earl of Derby to Loundon. the king's intentions. They both bound themselves, in their pres- The carl's baggage had been sent forwatd to Dover, and he was ence, to abide by whatever sentence the king should give. They advised by his father, on his arrival at Calais, to go straight to I'aris, having reported this, the king said: " Well t;min, I order that the and wait on the king of France and his cousins the princes of Franice, earl-marshal, for having caused trouble in this kingdom, by uttering for by their means he would be the sooner enabled to shorten h-is exile words which he could not prove otherwise than by common report, than by any other. Had not the duke of Lancaster earnestly pressed be banished the realm: le may seek any other laned he pleases to this matter, like a father anxious to console his son, he would have dwell in, but he must give over all hope of returning hither, as I taken the direct road to the count d'Ostrevant in Hainautt. banish him for life. I also order, that the earl of Derby, our cousin, The day the earl of Derby mounted his horse to leave London, for having angered us, and because he has been, in some measure, upward of forty thousand men were in the streets, bitterly lamenting the cause of the earl-marshal's crime and punishment, prepare to his departure: "Ah, gentle earl! will you then quit us? This counleave the kingdom within fifteen days, and be banished hence for the try will never be happy until your return, and the days until then term of ten years, without daring to return unless recalled by us; but will be insufferably long. Through envy, treachery and fear, are we shall reserve to ourself the power of abridging this term in part you driven out of a kingdom where you are more worthy to reside or altogether." The sentence was satisfactory to the lords present, than those which caused it. You are of such high bith anId gilwho said: "The earl of Derby may readily go two or three years lantry, that none others can be compared to you. Why then will and amuse himself in foreign parts, for he is young enough; and, you leave us, gentle earl? You have never done wrong by thought although he has already travelled to Prussia, the Holy Sepulchre, or deed, and are incapable of so doing." Thus did men and womien Cairo anid Saint Catherine's, hlie will find other places to visit. He so piteously complain, that it was grievous to hear them. The earl has two sisters, queens of Castille and of Portugal, and may cheer- of Derby was not accompanied by trumpets, nor the music of the fully pass his time with them. The lords, knights and squires of town, but with tears and lamentations. Some of the kniights who those countries, will make him welcome, for at this moment all war. attended him whispered each other: "See the conduct of thle pe&. fare is at an end. On his arrival in Castille, as he is very active, he ple, how readily they complain for trifles! Whoever is inclined te may put them in motion, and lead them against the infidels of Gra- stir up the Londoners against the king may soon effect it, and force nada, which will employ his time better than remaining idle in the ling to seek another country, and the earl of Derby to remain. England. Or he may go to Hainault, where his cousin, and brother but this is not the moment, for, since my lord of Lancaster suffers in arms, the count d'Ostrevant, will be happy to see him, and gladly it, we must be patient." entertain him, that he may assist him in his war against the Fries- The mayor of London and several of the principal citizens, accom. landers. If he go to Hainault, he can have frequent intelligence panied the earl of Derby as far as Dartford: some even rode to Do. from his own country and children. He therefore cannot fail of doing ver with him, and remained in his company until he embarked oil well, whithersoever he goes; and the king may speedily recall him, board the vessel that was to convey him to Calais, when they re-. through means of the good friends he will leave behind, for he is the turned to their homes. The earl of Derby, before his arrival ai 6nemt feather in his cap; and he must not therefore suffer him to be Calais, had sent a knight and herald to the king of tErance, and to too long absent, if he wish to gai' the love of his subjects. The the dukes of Orleans, Berry, Burgundy and Bourbon, to know if it earl-marshal has had hard treatment, for he is banished without hope were agreeable to them that he should fix his residence in Paris1 of ever being recalled; but, to say the truth, he has deserved it, for paying punctually for all that he or his people might want, aimd if *Thie monastery on Mount Sinai — En - the court would receive him CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 607 The king of France, his brother and uncles, readily complied with secret councils were held, on establishing the union of the church, his request, and apparently seemed very glad that he would come for the present schism was disgraceful. In consequence of the plans there; for, as they assured the knight, they very sincerely felt for the then formed, Peter d'Ailly, bishop of Cambray, was sent embassador present disgrace of the earl. The knight and herald, on their return, to pope Boniface at Rome. The bishop set out, and met the pope met the earl of Calais; and the king of France had sent with them at Fondi, to whom he delivered his credential letters from the king sir Charles de Hangiers, to have all the cities and towns opened to and the emperor. The pope, having examined them, was satisfied the English as they travelled to Paris. The earl of Derby set out of their validity, and received the bishop kindly, for he guessed the in gallant array, becoming his rank, and took the road to Amiens, object of his mission. The embassador explained the cause of his wnere, and in every other town, he was handsomely received. coming, which the pope attentively listened to, and thus replied: "That the answer his propositions required did not only personally attach to him, but to all his brother.cardinals, who might aspire to CHAPTER XCVIi. the papacy. He would summon a consistory, and, when they had fully considered the matter, would give him an answer that should THE COUNrT D'OSTREVANT SENDS EMBASSADORS TO THE EARL OF be satisfactory." This was, for the present, sufficient for the bishop EY. THE EARL ARIVES AT PARIS. of Cambray, who dined that day at the palace of the pope with some THE moment William earl of Ostrevant, who resided at Quesnoy, of his cardinals, and then, leaving Fondi, went to Rome. fheard that his cousin the earl of Derby had crossed the sea, and was Shortly after, pope Boniface held a convocation of cardinals at at Calais, he ordered sir Ancel de Trassaguies and sir Fier-h-bras de Rome; for he had quitted Fondi, and resided at the Vatican. No Vertain to ride thither and wait on the earl, and invite him to Hain. one was present at this consistory but the pope and cardinals, before ault, whither, if he pleased to come and amuse himself, he would whom he laid the proposition of the bishop of Cambray, and de. give him a hearty welcome, for it would be very agreeable to him- manded advice what answer he should make to them. Much disself and his countess. The two knights obeyed the carl's orders, cussion ensued; for the cardinals were averse to undo what they had and rode to Cambray and Bapaumes; for they had heard the earl of done, thinking it would turn out to their disgrace. They said to the Derby had left Calais, and taken the road toward Paris through pope: "Holy father, considering our situation, we think you should Amiens. They determined, in consequence, to push forward, and conceal your real sentiments on this matter: but to encourage the overtook the earl of Derby on his road, to whom they punctually de. hopes of the king of France and those of his creed, you will in your livered their message. The earl thanked them, as well as his cousin answer declare your willingness to comply with whatever the em of Hainault who had sent them, but excused himself for the present peror of Germany, the king of Hungary, and the king of England, from accepting their invitation, as he was engaged to visit the king shall advise you; that the person who resides at Avignon, and styles of France and his cousins, but that he did not renounce the affection himself pope Benedict, whom the king of France and his nation and courtesy the count d'Ostrevant offered him. The two knights, have acknowledged, must first resign all claims to the papacy; and having executed their commission, took leave, and returned to Hain. that then you will cheerfully attend a general council, wherever the ault, to report all they had seen and heard, and the earl continued abnve.named kings shall appoint, and bring your brother cardinals his journey to Paris. When news was brought to the king, and the with you." This advice was very agreeable to Boniface, who re. dukes of Orleans, Berry and Burgundy, that the earl of Derby was plied, in conformity to it, but in more general terms, to the bishop applroaching Paris, the principal French lords instantly made hand- of Cambray, who acquitted himself honorably in the business he had sonme preparations to go out and meet him. The apartments of the been sent upon. h6tel de Saint Pol were richly furnished; and the great barons then When the Romans heard that the emperor and the king of France in town set out for Saint Denis. The king remained at the h6tel de had written to the pope to resign his dignity, great were the murSaint Pol: but the dukes of Orleans and Berry left Paris, and first murings throughout the city; for the Romans were fearful they met the earl of Derby: then camne the dukes of Burgundy and Bour-. should lose the holy see, which was of infinite consequence to them bon, and the lord Charles tl'Albret, with many great prelates and and profit, from the general pardons that were personally sought for, barons. The meeting was joyous on both sides, and they entered and which obliged such multitudes to visit Rome. The jubilee was Paris in brilliant array. soon to take place, for which they had made great preparations; and An unfortunate accident happened on this occasion, which I will they were uneasy lest they might have incurred these expenses for elate. A prudent and valiant squire, called Boniface, a native of nothing. The principal inhabitants of Rome waited on the pope, Lonmbardy, was mounted on a strong courser that had not been well and showed him greater love than ever, saying: " Holy father, you oroken. When passing through the streets, he rose upon his hind are the true pope: remain in the inheritance and patrimony of the legs, and the squire, checking by the bridle, pulled him so hard that church, which belonged to St. Peter, and let no one advise you to do he fell backward, and threw Boniface with such force on the pave- otherwise. Whoever may be against you, we will always continue mnent, that his skull was fractured. Thus died Boniface, to the great your steady friends, and expend our lives and fortunes in the defence regret of many lords, particularly the duke of Orleans, by whom he of your right." Pope Boniface replied: "My children, be comforted, was much esteemed. He had been a fatvorite with the late lord de for I will never resign the popedom; and, whatever the emperor or Coucy, who had brought him fi'cm Lombardy to France. the king of France may do, I will not submit myself to their wills." The procession at length arrived at the h6tel de Saint Pol, where The Romans were satisfied with this answer, and returned to their the king was waiting: he received very kindly his cousin the earl homes. of Derby, who, having been well educated, behaved so agreeably to The bishop of Cambray took no notice of this, but proceeded in the king, that he was much liked, and, ih token of his favor, the the business he had been charged with. I fancy pope Boniface king gave him his order to wear. The earl accepted it with pleas- kept steady in his answer, that when it should be publicly known ure, and returned his thanks. I cannot pretend to say all that pope Benedict had resigned the papacy, hlie would act in such passed between them, but the meeting seemed to their mutual satis- manner as should be agreeable to those who had sent him. The faction. When wine and spices had been served, the earl took leave bishop, not being able to obtain more, departed for Germany, and of the king, and waited on the queen, who resided in other apart- found the emperor at Constance, to whom he delivered the answer ments of the same palace. He staid there some time, for the queen you have heard. The emperor said, "Bishop, you will carry this entertained hima handsomely. On talcing leave, he went to the court to the king of France, our brother and cousin; and, accordingly as and mounted his horse, and was escorted to his h6tel by the lords of he shall act, so will I and the empire; but, from what I see, he France, where he supped that night with his own people. Such was must begin first, and when he has deposed his pope, we will depose his reception at Paris: there were many grand entertainments made ours." The bishop took leave of the emperor, and set out for Paris, to amuse him, and that lhe might think the less on his banishment where the king and his lords were expecting him. He delivered the from his own country, which was very displeasing to the French answer from the pope, and the message from the emperor, which was lords. [In spite of all their kind endeavors, he at times was very mel- ikept secret until the king should assemble a great council of his ancholy, and not without reason, on being thus separated from his nobles to have their advice on the matter. family. He was impatient to return, and much vexed that for such a friivolous cause he should be banished from England, and from his four promising sons,, and two daughters. The earl frequently dined CHAPTER XCIX. witls the king, the duke of Orleans, and other great barons, who did everything they could to make his time pass agreeably.] TE ING OF FRNCE, IN CONFORIT TO THE ADVIE OF HIS NOBES We will now leave the earl of Derby, to speak of the affairs of AND THE UNIVERSITY OP PARIS, SENDS THE BISHOP OF CAMBRAY the church, and of the two popes, Benedict of Avignon, and Boni- TO POPE BENEDICT AT AVIGNON ON THE SUBJECT OF A UNION OF "ace of Rome. THE CHURCH, AND ALSO HIS MARSHAL BOUCICAUT THITHER, TO CONSTRAIN THE POPE TO OBEDIENCE BY FORCE OF ARMS SHOULD THERE BE OCCASION. CHAPTER XCVTIIIC. C'H A P T E R X C Y III.. THE king of France, in consequence of the answer of pope Bont LEE EMPEROR AND THE RING OF PRANCE PURSUE THE PLANS THEY HAD face, and the message of the en'peror, that the pope at Avignon SETTLED AT RHEIMS, FOR A UNION OP THE CHURCH. THE BISHOP OP must be the first deposed, assembled the nobles and prelates of his CAWBRAY IS SEnT BY THEM TO THE POPE AT ROME. THE ANSWRR kingdom at Paris. Prior to this, some of the prelates of France. a'aAT rs MADE HIMm such as the archbishop of Rheims, sir Guy de Roye, the archbishops You have before heard of the meeting which had taken place at of Rouen and of Sens, the bishops of Paris, Beauvais, and Autvn,'Rheims between the emperor and the king of France, when many had strongly supported the pope of Avignon, particularly Clement Ctu HRKONICLIC] OF gNG L LAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. who had promoted them to their beneiicco. These six prelates, dinals departed to the:r hotels without taking leave of the pope therefore, by particular orders, were not siunmoned to this council, Those who were in his good graces remained with him. but others in their room, and the heads of the university of Paris. When the bishop of Cambray observed the manner in which the After the bishop of Cambray had fully explained to the assembly the cardinals left the palace, he knew there had been great disagree object of his embassy to Rome, what he had done there, the pope's ment, and entering the hall of the conclave, advanced up to Bene answer, and the message from the emperor, for he had returned diet, who was still on his throne, and, without much respect, said: through Germany, they began to discuss the matter, and it was re- " Sire, give me an answer; I cannot wait longer; for your couneil sol'ved the university should have the preponderating voice. It was is dismissed. You must let me have your final determination on determined in this council, to the satisfaction of the king, the duke the proposals I made you, as I am now about to depart hence." of Orleans, their uncles, and all the members of it, that the king of Pope Benedict, still heated by anger at the speech of the cardinal o! France should send his marshal, the lord Boucicaut, to Avignon, to, Amiens, replied: "Bishop, I have consulted my brother cardinals, prevail on pope Benedict, by negotiation or force, to resign the who have elected me to this dignity, and they agree that every due papacy, and submit himself to the determination of the king and his solemnity has been used, such as is usual in such cases. Since, council; that the chuich in France should remain neuter as to the therefore, I am pope, and acknowledged as such by all my subjects, true pope, until union were restored to it, according to the decrees I will preserve it as long as I live, and will not, though it cost me my of a general council of prelates and churchmen which was to be in- life, renounce it; for I have never done anything to forfeit the di. stantly called. vine protection. You will tell our son of France that hitherto we This resolution seemed good to every one, and was adopted by have considered him as a good Catholic; but that, from the bad ad the king of France, and all who had formed the council. The mar- vice hlie has lately received, he is about to embrace errors which he shba. of France and the bishop of Cambray were ordered to Avignon; will repent of. I entreat that you would beg of' him, from me, not and these two lords left Paris soon afterwards, travelling in company to follow any counsels, the result of which may trouble his con. as ftar as Lyons, where they separated. The marshal was to remain science." at Lyons until lie heard from the bishop, who continued his journey On saying this, Benedict rose from his throne, and retired to his to Avignon, to learn what answer the person who styled himself pope chamber, attended by some of his cardinals. The bishop of Camat Avignon would make to the proposals from the king of France. bray went to his inn, dined soberly, and then, mounting his horse, On hi;s arrival at Avignon, he fixed his lodgings in the great wood- crossed the Rh6ne, passed through Villeneuve, and lay at Bagnols,* market. Some of the cardinals suspected the cause of his coming, which belongs to France. He there heard that the Lord Boucicaut, since hlie was sent by the king of France, but they dissembled their tmarshal of France, was at St. Andrieu, within nine leagues of Avigthoughts until they heard what he had to say, and observed how non, and thither the bishop vent on the following day, and related Benedict should answer and conduct himself. As seots as the to him all that had passed, with an answer he had received from;ishoup of Cambray had taken some refreshments and changed his Benedict who styled himself pope. dress, he waited on the pope in his palace. He made him, when in his presence, the proper obeisances, but not so reverently as if he and all the world acknowledged him for the true pope, although he CI-IAPTR C. 0 ~~~~~~C IA PT ER C. had given him the bishopric of Cambray, through the recommendation of the lords in France. The bishop, being well versed in Latin tN CONSEQUENCE OF THE ANSWER OF POrE BENEDICT, THE MARSHAL Bouand French, made an elegant harangue, to explain the object of his CICAUT OBLIGES unM BY FORCE OF ARDS TO SUBMIT HERSELF TO THE C, ~~~~~~~~wILL OF THlE KING- OF FRANCE RESPECTING A UNION OF THlE CHIU:qCH. mission from the emperor and the king of France. When the pope WILL OF TE R OF FANCE EPCTIN A UNIO O TE CUCH. heard that it was the intention of these two monarchs that he as'VWHEN the marshal of France had heard from the bishop of Carnmwell as pope Boniface should resign their dignities, he firequently bray the pope's answer, and that hlie refused to submit himself to the changed color, and, raising his voice, said: " I have labored hard for king of France, he said to himn, " Bishop, you may now return to the good of the church, and have been duly elected pope, yet now France, for you have nothing more to do here; and I will execute what my resignation is sough l: this I will never consent to as long as.1[ I have been charged with by the king, my lords his uncles, and the live, and I wish the king of France to know that I shall not pay any council." The bishop replied, "God's will be done." He remained attemtimon to his regulations, but will keep my name and dignity until that day in the village, and on the morrow departed, taking his road death." toward Puy in Auvergne. The marshal instantly set clerks and mes. "Sire," answered the bishop of Cambray, "I always thought you, sengers to work in summoning the knights, squires, and men-at-arms under reverence, more prudent than I find you really are. Fix a in the Viverais, Auvergne, and from the countries as far as Montday for tihe meeting of your cardinals, to consult with them on your pellier; for he was commissioned so to do by the king of France. answer; f'or, unless they agree with you, your opposition will be in He ordered the s6mteschal of Beaucaire to shut up all the passes ta vain against them and against the powers of Germany and France." Avignon, as well on the Rh6ne as by land, that nothing might enter Upon this, two cardinals of his creation, who foresaw that matters that place, nor be sent thither from the Pont du Saint Esprit; for lie w'ould end badly, stepped forward and said, "Holy father, the bishop was particularly anxious that it should not be supplied with provisions of Cambray advises you well: follow what he says, we entreat you." or stores. The summons of the marshal was readily obeyed, by The pope replied, he would do so willingly: the audience was put some through attachment, but by many in;he expectation of plunder. an end to, and the bishop returned to his lodgings, without waiting ing Avignon. Sir Raymond de Touraine came with pleasure to the on any of the cardinals. marshal, who was ready to march, in company with the lords de la On the niext morning, the consistory bell was rung, and a con- Both, de Tournon, de Monclau, and d'Uzes and others, so numerous, clave holden of all the cardinals then at Avignon, at the pope's pal- that the marshal sent a herald with his defiance to the pope in his ace. The bishop of Cambray discoursed in Latin on the reasons palace, and to his cardinals in Avignon. why he was come thither, and on the object of those who had sent This was a severe blow to the cardinals and to the inhabitants; him. When he had finished speaking, he was told they would ma- for they knew well they could not long effectually withstand the ture!y consider the business, and give him an answer, but that at power of the king of France. They called a council of the cardinals preselnt he munst withdraw. He went elsewhere to amuse himself, and principal persons in the town, and, in consequence, waited on while Benedict and his cardinals debated his proposals. They were Benedict, and temperately remonstrated with him, that they were unfor a considerable time in council, and many thought it very hard to able and unwilling to support a war against the king of France, for it undo what had been regularly effBcted; but the cardinal of Amiens was necessary they should carry on their commerce by land and water, said: "My fair sirs, whether we will or not, we must obey the or- to live. Benedict, like a madman, replied: "Your city is strong, and ders of the emperor of Germany and the king of France, since they well provided with stores and provisions. I will send to Genoa and are now united; for, without their good pleasure, we cannot exist. elsewhere for men-at-arms, and write to my son the king of Arragon, We might indeed withstand the emperor, if the king of France who is tihe standard-bearer of the church, to come to my assistance, wouldl support us, but, as that is no longer the case, we must submit, which he will do, for he is bound to it by two reasons; I am his kins. or he will exclude us from ourbenefices, and how then are we to man, and he owes obedience to the pope. Do you depart hence and live? In truth, holy father, we have elected you pope, on condition guard your town, and I will defend my palace, for you are alarmed that you would exert yourself in the reform of abuses in the church, at trifles." This was all the answer they could obtain from the pope, and promote a union, all of which you have strenuously promised to and the cardinals and townsmen retired to their houses. The pope, do until this day. Answer for yourself, therefore, in a temperate whom I call Benedict, had, for a long time before laid up in his pal. mnanner, that we may praise you, for you must be better acquainted ace great quantities of wines, corn, salted meat, oil, and of every with your own mind and courage than we are." Many of the car- necessary store for a fortress. He himself was a bold and determined dinals spoke at once, and said: "Holy father, the cardinal of Amiens character, not easily dismayed. sb;eaks well, and we beg of you to let us know your intentions." The marshal Boucicaut marched from the town of St. Esprit, ar d, Upon this, Benedict replied, "I have always had an earnest desire with the consent of the Prince of Orange, passed through Orange for a ummion of the church, and have taken great pains to promote it; with his army, and entered the Comtat Venaissin, belonging to the but since, through the grace of God, you have raised me to the pa- Church, which was soon overrun. The men-at-arms crossed the pacy, 1 will never resigts it, nor submit myself to any king, duke, or bridge at Sorgues,' and were masters of each side of that river. The count, nor agree to any treaty that shall include my resignation of marshal left some men in the town to guard it and defend the passage, the popedom."' The cardinals now all rose, and there was much trmio popedom."The cardinhals iow all rose, and others he was much * Bagnols —a town in lower Languedoc, three leagues from the Pont du Saiint Fapnit muramuting: souse said lie ha d well spoken, and others the cntrary. ano fifty-two from Lyons.'Thutm was the comnclave brokemn up in discord, and many of the car- t The river Sorgues take its rise front the psping at Vaucluse CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 601 and oppose the garrison of Nones, that held out for the pope. He then fixed his heicad-cuarters it Saint Verain, near Avigrion, and his C IHI A PTER CI. army was daily increasing. The city of Avignon was nlow so con- THE MARSHAL BOCICAUT RETURNS TO HUNGARY AGAINST THE TURK, pletely surrounded, that nothing could enter by land or water without THE EARL OF DERBY SD NS TO KQUEST PEMISSION OF THE DUKE OF leave. The s6neschal of Beaucaire's quarters were at Villeneuve, LANCASTER TO ACCOMPANY BOUCICAUT IN THIS EXPEDITION. THE KING close to Avignon, though belonging to France, and he, with five NAN O B T IN RN ONGE I?=nrc cubrtats, gurdd tatsid o te twn Te m~ra OF ENGLAND IS SOLICITED BY THE KING OF FRANCE TO ENGAGE HIS nundred combatants, guarded that side of the town. The marshal S SUBJECTs TO A NEITPRAILITY B~UTWEEN THE TWO POPES, UNTIL A NEW of France, with two thousand men-at-arms, was onil the opposite side: ELECTION SHALL TAKE PLACE; BUT THEY REFUSE COMPLIANCE WITM he se-nat notice to the townsmen, that if they did not open their gates, THEIR ONARCS RQUET. THEIR M0N~ACH'S Rt.qUESTr. and submit themselves to his will, he would burn and destroy all the houses and vineyards as far as the river Durance. This greatly dis. AFTER this exploit, the marshal Boucicaut returned to Paris, anl mayed the inhabitants of both sexes, who had their inheritances in shortly after made preparations to go to Hungary; for the king had tsat part of the country, and they called a council, to which they written to the king of France, to his uncles, and to the knights and admitted the cardinals of Amiens, Poitiers, NeufchAteau, and Vivierp, squires of France, that Bajazet was assembling a large army of Turks, to have their advice. The townsmen, who were the most interested Arabians, Persians, Tartars, Syrians, and others of his'religion. The in the marshal's menace, informed the meeting of their fears lest he king of Hungary was in consequence desirous of collecting a nume. should execute it, saying it was made by orders from the king of rous force to oppose him, and offer him battle with more advantage France, whom they were not prepared to resist, nor could they do so than the last. with effect, for he was too near a neighbor; and that, considering all The earl of Derby, who resided at Paris at the h6tel de Clisson, things, it would be much better to submit themselves to the king of near the Temple, was very desirous to go on the expedition to Hun. France than remain obstinate in the support of Benedict, who was gary, to avoid putting the king of France to further expense; for he unable to afford them any assistance. They asked the cardinals if received from the French treasury, every week, five hundred golden they would join them. The cardinals said they would. Provisions crowns for his expenses, which his people were most punctually paid.. began to be scarce in Avignon; besides, their benefices were in On the first mention of this expedition, the earl of Derby eagerly France, which they would not lose; and they agreed with the towns- listened to it; for he felt himself under great obligations to the king men in their treaty with the marshal. The terms of the treaty were, of France, and was unwilling to be a charge on him longer. He that hlie and his army should be admitted into Avignon, to besiege the likewise thought that he should gain honor by going to Hungary, and palace, but that no violence should be done to the cardinals, their de- that it would make the time of his banishment the sooner pass away.. pendents, nor the townsmen. This the marshal, the French lords, He consulted his confidential servants, who advised him to undertake and captains of the men-at-arms, swore faithfully to observe. When it, but first to solicit the consent of his father the duke of Lancaster.,. this was done the army entered the town, and lodged themselves at The earl, in consequence, sent to England the knight nearest his their ease, for it was large enough, and took off all obstructions on person, to learn the pleasure of his father, and how he would advise the Rh6ne and at the gates, to allow free liberty for the entrance of him to act. When the knight, who.,' name was Dinorth,* arrived. provisions. at London, he heard the duke of Lancaster was -.t his castle of Hert.. Pope Benedict was much cast down, when hlie heard that his cardi- ford, about twenty miles firom London, whither he went, and related nals and the townsmen had concluded a treaty with the marshal of to him the earl of Derby's wish to join the expedition to Hungary.. France, without consulting him. He said he would never surrender, When the duke had heard all, he had to say, he was well contented, so long as he had breath, and shut himself up in his palace, which with the state of his son, and bade him welcome, adding, that what; is very strong and handsome, and easy to be defended, provided it he had said, and the letters he had brought, demanded consideration. be well stored with provisions. The pope sent off letters by messen. You will rest yourself ihere while we deliberate on the subject; and, gers, before the marshal entered Avignon, to the king of Arragon, in the mean time, you must see my son's children, to give them newvs: humbly entreating him to ccme and succor him in his distress, and of their fther, and carry intellignce of them to him, fbr that he will to send him men-at-arms sufficient to oppose the marshal of France. expect from you." My lord," replied the knight, " what you say He added, that if he could be extricated from the situation in which is true." Thus did he, by desire of the duke, stay some little lse he was, and conveyed to Arragon, he would establish the holy see at in England. Perpignan or at Barcelona. The king of Arragon carefully p'erused The king of France sent embassadors to Germany, to inform the those letters, but paid little attention to their coitents. Ie said to emperor that he had laid hands on Benedict, who for a time had those near his person: " What! does this priest suppose that I am to styled hinself pope. These embassadors were the patriarch of Jeruinvolve myself in a war with the king of France to support his quar- salem, sir Charles de Hangiers, and others of his knights: they set rel? I should indeed be blameworthy, were I to interfere." "Sire," out for Germany, and met the emperor at Strasbourg, to whom they replied his knights, " what you say is true: you have no business to satisfactorily delivered their message. The emperor and his council meddle with such matters; for you must kiow that the king of said they would deliberate on the matter, but would gladly first know France has been ably advised, and has just cause to act as he does. the determination of the king of England, for which the king of Leave the clergy to themselves; and if they wish for support, they France had taken on himself to answer. Upon this, the embassy re. must subject themselves to those lords from whose countries they turned to France, and reported what you have just read. The king receive the amount of their benefices. They have too long held of France, to hasten the business, sent a grand embassy to England them undisturbed, and they ought to feel and be sensible whence to remonstrate with the king on the present distracted state of the their wealth arises. The king of France has besides written to en. church. The king of England would willingly have joined the king treat that you would agree with him in a neutrality between the two of France, but he had not his prelates nor his churchmen and subjects popes. Accept his invitation, for the queen, who is his cousin-get- as much under his command as his father.in-law kept them in France. man, has done so; and the greater part of the kingdom and clergy All this hlie told in confidence to the French embassadors, at the same are willing to do the same; for we hold, especially the Catalonians, time, promising theri to do his utmost to comply with the king of that this opinion is the surest; otherwise, should the Christian princes France's request. not unite in the same, there will never be any union in the church, The French embassadors returned to Paris; and kin6 Richard, in from the divisions of these two popes." Thus did the king of Arra- consequence of his wishes to please his father-in-law, summoned i. gon and his lords converse on the subject, while poor Benedict, shut meeting of the prelates and clergy of his realm, at his palace of up in his palace, was looking in vain for assistance being sent him Westminster, which is out of the city of London. When they met,. from Arragon. The marshal of France was in Avignon, and the pa- he eloquently harangued them on the miserable schism in the church,.:, lace, so strictly invested, nothing could enter it, which forced those and the plan the king of France had adopted, of remaining neuter within to live on the provisions they had. Of food there was a suffl- between the two rival popes, according to the advice of the univer. ciency for two or three years; but, as there was a scarcity of fuel to sity of Paris, and other learned clerks. The kings of Scotland, dress their victuals, they began to be alarmed at the consequences. Castille, Arragon, and Navarre had followed this example, and all The king of France held a weekly correspondence with the lord Germany, Bohemia, and Italy intended doing the same. He thereBoucicaut, on the state of Benedict; and the king ordered him not fore entreated that his kingdom would adopt the like measures. to depart until he had completed the business with the pope. He When the prelates, who were ignorant why they had been assem. therefore increased the guard round the palace, to prevent him issuing bled, heard this speech, they were greatly astonished, and were silent. forth. The conclusion was, that Benedict, finding himself thus con. Several murmured, and said: " Our king is quite a Frenchman: his strained, that there was no fuel, and that their provisions were daily only wish is to disgrace and ruin us, but he shall not succeed. decreasing, without any assistance corning to his aid, begged for What! does he want us to change our creed? He may go so far mercy, through the mediation of some of his cardinals. The terms that evil will befal him. We will do nothing in this matter, since of the treaty were, that he was not to leave the palace of Avignon the king of France proposes it. Let him keep to his neutrality, if until union should be restored to the church; that he should be put he please, and we will keep our creed. We will never suffer any under the guard of proper persons; and that the cardinals and richest attempt to deprive us of it, unless better reasons can be shown than citizens of Avignon should be responsible for his appearance, dead those we have just heard." or alive. This satisfied the marshal. Those cardinals who had The king, seeing them thus murmur together, made the bishop of benefices in France exerted themselves much to conclude this treaty, London, who had laid the proposals of neutrality before them, ask declaring unanimously they would comply with the orders of the king what determination were best to be taken. They replied, one by of Fraisce. Thus ended this business, and the men-at-arms marched one, that the matter was so weighty, grest deliberation was requisite. sway from Avignon, every one to his own home.,?T.h s..... "Dmorth." The MSS. have Du 11och. Q~. if not Dymuooke 610 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN. &c. before any answer could be made. Upon this, the meeting broke sort ofjoy, but did not notice it to the earl of Derby. The earl, how up, and the clergy who had been assembled retired to their inns in ever, knew it as soon, if not sooner than the king of France, from the city of London. The citizens, learning from them the cause of his people in England. He clothed himself and his attendants ir, the meeting, and the proposition that the king had made them, were deep mourning, as was right, and had his obsequies grandly per. greatly angered against him, for in England the belief in the pope of formed; at which were present, the king of France, the duke of Rome was general. They said: "This Richard of Bordeaux will Orleans, their three uncles, and numbers of the prelates and great ruin everything, if he be suffered to go on. His head is so thoroughly barons of France, for the earl was much liked by all. The French French, he cannot disguise it; but a day may come when he shall barons visited him often, and some were displeased at and took part pay for all without having time to repent, and so shall those who in his misfortunes: he was an amiable knight, courteous and pleas. have been his advisers. ant to every one, and it was currently said, the king of England Things continued in this state; and all his solicitations and re- was very ill advised not to recal him. To say the truth, i' the king monstrances with his clergy to remain neuter obtained not any atten- had wisely considered consequences, he would have done it: affairs tion. The king of France and his council were dissatisfied that king would not have turned out so miserably as they did. The earl of Richard had not instantly determined his country to be neuter, but Derby was now, by the death of his father, duke of Lancaster, and in truth he could not prevail with his clergy to do so; and shortly the most potent baron in England, second to none but the king, and after there fell out such horrible evunts that the like are not to be by his advice the king should be governed. found in this whole history, nor in that of any other Christian king, The king and his ministers should not have forgotten that the except that noble prince Lusignan, king of Cyprus and Jerusalem, people of England, aore partictllarly the Londoners, had frequently whom his brother and the Cypriots villainously murdered. risen against the government; that the king was not popular with any rank of men; and that, during the life of the duke of Gloucester, he had suffered many vexations, and even personal danger. When C H A P T E R C I I. the citizens of London and the deputies from the great towns waited THE ANSWER THE DUKE OF LANCASTER GIVES TOHE KNIGT WHO HAD on the king at Eltham, to petition for the abolition of the war taxes, BEEN SENT TO HIN BY THE EARL OF DERBYS TO EQUEaST HIS rEIts Ltheir plan was (by the secret advice of the duke of Gloucester and BEEN SENT TO HIM BY THE EARL OF DERBY, TO REQUEST HIS }'E/IMISSON TO JOIN THE EPETION AGAINST T TURS. THE DETH other lords,) to seize the king and queen, and choose another in his SION TO JOIN THE EXPEDITION AGAINST THE TURKS. THE DEATH OF. room. King Richard and his queen were to be confined and allowed TH-E DUKE OF LANCASTER. n a sufficiency for their maintenance during their lives. The duke of'WIsEMr the chevalier Dinorth, wh.o had been sent by the earl of Gloucester had requested his nephew, son to the daughter of tho Derby to the duke of Lancaster, had received answers to the letters duke of Clarence, called John earl of ]March, to take charge of the he had brought, and had visited all the castles of the earl his lord, and govertiment of England but he had excused himself from so doing, waited on his four sons and two daughters, who had remained in and the meeting was dismissed in tolerable good humor by the pruEngland, he took leave and returned to France. The answer from dence and temper of the duke of Lancaster, and Richard reigned the duke of Lancaster was, that he would not advise his son to go with greater prosperity than before. The king was not unacquainted into Hungary, but, when_ tired of France, to viit Castilte and Portu- with these designs against him; and by the wicked counisel of those gal, and amuse himself at the courts of his brothers-in-law and sis- about his person, who gave him to understand the duke of Glouces. ters. The earl of Derby read these letters twice over and mused ter was at the bottom of this plot, under pretence of great affection some time on their contents. His knight told him in confidence that he had himn arrested in the night, and carried over to Calais, where the duke of Lancaster's physicians and surgeons had assured him he was strangled. This caused a great noise in England, and pro. the, duke labored under so dangerous a disease it must soon cause the duke labored under so danterous a disease it umust soon c5OsG posals were made for dethroning the king; but the duke of Lancas. his death. ter, with his usual prudence and wisdom, although the duke of Glou. This information made the earl give over all thoughts of travelling cester was his brother, and he was sorely afflicted by his death, con. farther. He remained in Paris, at the h6tel de Clisson, which had sidering he could not restore him to life and the consequences that een prepared for him and his attendants. He frequently visited the might ensue, again appeased these discontents; and his nephew, ing, and the duke of Orleans and their uncles, who entertained him king Richard, was more feared than ever. andsomely. The earl was so sensible of their attentions, that he The ki:g ought to have remembered all these circunmstances, and aid to the king of France:' "Mv lord, you pay me so much hon(r likewise that the earl of Derby Was the most popular nman in Eng..nd courtesy, and give me proofs of such affection, that I know not land with every description of men, and should therefore instantly, tow I shall ever be able to make you any return; but, if it please on the death of his father, have recalled him. But the king had no lod that I go back to England, I will not forget them in my attach- such inclination: on the contrary, he immnediately sent his officers to ment to our queen, your daughter, whom God preserve i" "Many take possession of his lands and seize their rents, declaring, that, thanks, fair cousin," replied the king. It happened, that about during his banishment, neither the earl nor his family should receive Christmas-tide, duke John of Lancaster fell dangerously ill of a dis- any of his revenues in England. He also, to the great vexation of order which ended his life, to the great grief of all his friends. He such as were attached to the earl or his children, disposed of several had been some time very low spirited, on account of the banishment estates in the duchy of Lancaster to ssme of his knights, and to of his son, whom his nephew king Richard had forced out of Eng- whoever asked for them. The English barons gieatly blamed hinD land for a very trifling cause, and also for the mannmer in which the for this, and said: "It is clear the king of England bears no good kingdom was governed, which, if persevered in, he foresaw must be will to his cousin, the earl of Derby, when he refuses to recal him its ruin. The king of England, as it seemed, was little affected by and suffer him to take possession of his inheritance. He would his uncle's death, and lie was soon forgotten. with his children, be a grand support to the crown, and a staff t{ Many of the nobles, but not all, were uneasy the kingdom was so lean on, but he acts quite contrary, by thus keeping him out of tha weakened by the deaths of the dukes of Lancaster, Gloucester, and kingdom, in a disagreeable state, and which he would make worse the earl of Arundel, and that the earl of Derby was banished, who if he could. He has taken possession of his lands, and sent hither ought to be now duke of Lancaster by legal succession. Some said: his officers, as if they wvere legally his own, who treat the tenants " We shall see what the king will do. It is time that he recal his worse than any in England: should they complain, during the ab. cousin the earl of Derby, and remit his further punishment, though sence of their lord, they are not attended to. It is no sign of affec. there was scarcely any justice in it. It is proper that he return to tion or justice toward the earl of Derby and his children, when ho take possession of' his lands, and do homage as duke of Lancaster." thus seizes the inheritance of Lancaster, that descends to them as.Such speeches were common throughout England, but especially in the true heirs of the lady Blanche, daughter of Henry duke of Lan. London, where the earl of Derby was a hundred times more beloved caster, and likewise that from their mother, the daughter of the earl than king Richarid. Notwithstanding these murmurs, and that he of Hereford and Northampton, and constable of England, which lie was spolken to on the subject, as well as his ministers, nothing was is daily distributing piece-meal to any person according to his:one: on the contrary, the king showed hlie wasmnore irritated against pleasure. This conduct is contrary to reason and justice, and so lhe earl. In this he was very badly advised; for if, on the death of greatl disliked by the good people of England, that thiigs cannot eis uncle, he had sent for the earl of Derby, and said to him: "Fair longer remain in their present state." -cousin, you are welcome. You are now duke of Lancaster, and, Such conversations were general among the nobles, prelates, and after us, the greatest personage in the realm: we will, therefore, that commonalty of England. In like manner, the lords in France, who -you remain with us; and we will be governed by your counsels, and heard of this matter, and were acquainted with the earl of Derby. do nothing without your approbation;" he would then have continued wondered at it, and said: "According to our opinion, this king of iking of England, and avoided the unfortunate end that was awaiting England has formed too great a hatred against the earl of Derby, him: the catastrophe was now so near at hand that he could no way who is his cousin-german. He is a graceful and courteous knight to avoid it,as you shall speedily hear. all who address him. Either the king of England knows some thines of him that we do not, or he is miserably advised: it is surC HAP T E R C I i. prising the king of France, his brother the duke of Orleans, and their uncles of Berry, Burgundy, and Bourbon, do not interfere in [tIE KING OF ENGLAND MAKES THE RING OF FRANCE ACQUAINTED WITH the business, for he is daily with some of them. They would have THE DEATH OF TtIE DUKE OF LANCASTER, BITT DOES NOT NOTICE IT TO greater weight than any others, and the king of England would do THE EARL OF DERBY, THOUGH SON TO THE LATE DUKE. more to please them from love to his queen, who is daughter to th8 THE news of the death of the duke of Lancaster was soon public king of France; but, as they have not taken any steps in the matter ih France. King Richard wrote an account of it to the king with a it behooves us to hold our peace." In truth, the king of France and CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 61 his family were perfectly well disposed toward the earl of Derby, Derby a traitor to his natural lord. The king, on hearing this expres whom they greatly respected, and wished always for his company. sion, was angered (for he had taken so strong a liking to the earl o! It was considered that he was a widower, likely to marry again, and Derby, that he would not hear anything said in his dispraise,) and that the duke of Berry had a daughter, who though so young, was a gave back the letters to t!;e earl, saying: " Earl of Salisbury, we widow of two husbands: she had been first married to Louis de readily believe what you tell us; but our son of England bears toc Blois, who had died in his youth, and then to the lord Philip d'Artois, great a hatred to our cousin of' Derby, and we wonder he has con. count d'Eu, who died in Turkey, as you have read in this history. tinued it so long, for we think that his court would be better adorned Mary of Berry waz not more than twenty-three years old, and a if he were near his person, and those who have the most vweight in marriage between her and the earl of Derby was talked of and nearly his council ought to advise him to recal his cousin." " Very dear concluded, sire," replied the earl of Salisbury, "I only act as I have been The duke of Berry knew well that the earl of Derby was the ordered." "That is true," said the king: " we are not angry with greatest heir-apparent in England, as did the king of France, who you, for perchance our son may know of' these inmatters more than we was anxious this match should take place, on account of his daughter can: execute the commission you have been charged with." The being queen of England. It was natural to imagine that two such earl then waited on the duke of Berry, and delivered his message ladies, so nearly related, would be agreeable company to each other, fiomn king Richard. The duke made no answer, but went to the and that the kingdoms of France and England would enjoy longer king at the h6tel de Saint Pol, and asked if he had received any peace, and be more intimately connected. All this would probably news firom England. The king told him all that had passed between have been true, if it could have been accomplished, but king Rich- him and the earl of Salisbury, and a privy council of' the king's ard and his council broke off all these measures. Whatever mis- uncles and principal lords, was summoned on the occasion. They fortunes fate has decreed cannot be prevented; they must have said: " The king of England must fear very oiuch the earl of Derby, their course; and those that befel king Richard are wonderful indeed firom circumstances tha.t we are ignorant of, and that have not been o think on. Hie might indeed have avoided them, but what must be made public. We ought to be more attached to hinm thian the earl will be. of Derby, firom his connection with us by marriage; and, as we have I, fohn Froissart, author of these chronicles, will literally say what, been informed, he will be greatly displeased if we proceed in the in my younger days, I heard at a mansion called Berkhampstead, marriage of the earl of Derby with thecountess d'Eu, we must break distant froim Liondon thirty miles, and which, at the time I am speak- it of. We have only to conceal what we have heard firom England ing oif, in tire year of orur Lord 1361, belonged to the prince of Wales, until the earl of Salisbury be returned." fatiier to king Richard. As the prince and princess were about to'i'he king and his council adoptel this resolution. When the earl leave incrland for Aquitaine, to hold their state, the king of England, of Salisbury had completed the businoess he Ihad been sent on to queen Philippa, my mistress, the dukes of Clarence, Lancaster, the Paris, ihe took leave of the king anid his lords, and departed. The lord Edmund, who was afterwards earl of Cambridge and duke of king, however, showed he was more displeased tihan otherwise ao York, with their children, came to this mansion to visit the prince the intelligence he had brought, and returned to the earl his creden. and take leave of him. I was at that time twenty-four years old, tial letters, refusing to accept of themin, firom his partiality to the earl and one of the clerks of the chamber to my lady the queen. During of Derby. This lIast knew of the earl of Salisbury being at Paris, this visit, as I was seated on a bench, I heard the following conver- but they never saw each other; and the earl of Salisbury returned sation from a knight to some of the ladies of the queen. He said: to Calais without speaking to tlhe earl of Derby, and thence to Eng. " There was inii that country a book called Brut, which manyr tay land to report the success of his mission. contains the prophecies of Merlin. According to its contents:, nei- The earl of Derby was much displeased that the earl of Salisbury ther the prince of Wales nor duke uf Clarence, though sons to king should leave Paris without seeing him, and augured from it nothing Edward, will wear the crown of Ergland, but it will fall to the house favorable. His council were of the same opinion, and said to him: of Lancaster." When the knight said this, the earl of Derby was " My lord, you will soon perceive such things as you little dream of, not born: his birth was seven years after. This prophecy, however, although they are as yet hid from you. The French are a close and was verified, for I have since seen Henry, eatl of Derby, king of subtle people: perhaps the king of England and his minions are England. vexed that the Iking of irance and his court show you such honor and affections; perhaps also it may be rumored in England that you C H A~P T ER CIV.. propose marrying the lady Mary of Berry, and king Richard, to whom this intelligence will not be agreeable, has sent over to have THE, TrtEATY OF MARIRIAGE BETWEEN TnE, EARL oF DERB AND~. THr. TitE T'REATY OF EMARRIAE OBETREEN TSE ERRL OF DEBTRB AND TOE it broken off: shouldr that be the case, you will speedily hear of it." DA TER O TOE ut OF BERR I RiEN OFF BY TO IN OF Thus, as the knights and council of the earl of Derby had supposed ENtGLAND, THROUGH THlE MEANS OF THE F.ARL OF SALISBURY. NAND, TROU0 TO MEANS OF TO ARL OF SALSBU. matters were, did they turn out. About a month after the departure THE momeint kinsg Richard learnt that a treaty of marriage was of the earl of Salisbury, the commissioners from Lhe earl of Derby going forward, witn tie approbation of all parties, between the earl renewed the matter of the marriage with the lady Mary of Berry: of Derby and the lady Mary of Berry, lie became very thoughtful and but those on the part of' the duke replied: "Tell my lord of Derby, much displeased thereat. He said to the earl of Salisbury, in whom that when he is in the presence of the king and his brother the duke he had great confidence: "My lord, you must make yourself ready of Orleans, he may propose this business himself; for we cannot say to go to Paris; I will give you credential letters to the king our more on the subject, since it is not agreeable to our employers that father, and to our well-beloved brother and uncles. Tell them to we longer interfere in it." beware of forming any alliance or marriage with such a traitor as the These words were repeated to the earl of Derby, who suspected earl of Derby, who would have betrayed his sovereign: you are per. nothing more was meant by it than to hasten the marriage; for the fecily acquainted with the fact: and, with your good understanding, king of France and his lords had shown outwardly as much eager. act in such wise that I shall be satisfied, and this marriage be put ness for the match as ever. He remembered what had been told aside." The earl of Slisbury replied: "Sire, I shall punctually him, and at a proper opportunity, when the king and his lords were obey all your commands; but, if this marriage could be broken off together, renewed his proposal of marriago. The duke of Burgundy by any other means than mine, I shall be very thankful to you." having been chargedl with the answer, replied, "Cousin of Dlerby, "Earl of Salisbury," answered the king, "make no excuses; for I we cannot think of marrying our cousin to a traitor." The earl in. will and entreat that you go thither, and whatever may be the conse- stant!y thanaed color on hearing this expression, and said: "Sir, I quences I will support you through them." " Well, sire," said the am in the presence of my lord the king, and must interrupt yout earl, "since you specially command me, and the matter seems to speech, to answer the expression you have used. I never was non interest you so much, I will undertake it, but I go very unwillingly." never thought of' being a traitor; and if any one dare to charge me lHasten your preparation as much as you can," replied the king, with treason, I am ready to answer him now, or at whatever time "that the treaty of marriage be not too far advanced." it may please the king to appoint." "No, cousin," said the king, The earl of Salisbury was soon ready, and, having had his creden. "I do not believe you will find any man in France that will chaI. tial letters scaled, he departed from the king, who at the time resided lenge your honor. The expression my uncle has used comes from with his queen at Leeds-castle. He carried with him private letters England." The earl of Derby cast himself on his knees, and re. from the queen to the king and queen of France, and to her brother plied, "My lord, I willingly believe you: may God preserve all my the duke of Orleans, and, hastening his journey, arrived at Dover, friends, and confound mine enemies!" The king made the earl where, the wind being favorable, he embarked, and landed at Calais. rise, and said: "Earl, be appeased: all this matter will end well: I-He was received by-the king's half-brother, the earl of Huntingdon, and' when you shall be on good terms with every one, we can then governor of Calais, to whom he told part of his business. He made talk of marriage. But it will be first necessary that you have pos. no long stay at Calais, but continued his road through Anmiens to session of your duchy of Lancaster; for it is the custom of France, Paris, and wherever he passed he was well entertained. On his and of many countries on this side the sena, that when a lord marries at-ival at Pans, he lodged at the White Ho'se, in the square of the with the consent of his lord paramount, should he have one, he set-. Greve.* After he had dressed himself, he waited on the king and tles a dower on his wife." Upon this, wine and spices were brought: queen, and dehvered his credential letters: when the king of France the conversation ended; and, when the king retired to his closet, had perused them, he took the earl of Salisbury aside and demanded every one went'away. Iis business. The earl related to him very minutely everything he The earl of Derby, on his return to the hbtel de Clisson, was bit. and been charged with by the king of England, and called the earl of terly enraged, and not without reason, to be accused of treason, when he thought himself one of the most loyal knights in the universe, and * The MsS. say, "' at he chateau de Festus, in the rue du Tiroir." in the presence too of the king of France, who had shown him s~ 612 CHR ONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. much afTection and courtesy, and that this accusation should have rebel must bn, punished, one after another, that the greatest barons oeen brought from Englaud by the earl of Salisbury. His knights may fear you, and take example." "That is true," replied the king: pacified him as well as they could, by saying: " My lord, whoever "how shall I act on this occasion l" "We will tell you, sire: they wishes to live in this world, must sometimes suffer trouble. Comfort are to join this expedition, but not yet arrived. When they come, yourself for the present, and bear all things with patience: perhliaps order them to your presence by the earl of Salisbury or any other you will hereafter have it made up in joy and glory. Of all the lords you please, and then remonstrate with them on the injurious speeches on this side of the sea, the king of France loves you the most, and, they have uttered against you and your ministers. You wiv hear from what we hear and see, he will instantly prevent any insult be- what answer they make, and, as that may be, consider how you ing offered you. You should be thankful to him and his uncles for shall punish them, by imprisonment or otherwise." The king replied, having kept this matter secret during the stay of the earl of Salis- " You say well, and what you advise shall be done." bury, and until he was landed in England.1" "Indeed!" replied thIe The earl of Northumberland and his son had good friends on this earl: "I should have th.ought it more loyal to have made the charge expedition, by whom great part of the secret councils of the kinFg while he was here, than to have waited so long. I could then have were revealed: they were strongly advised not to join the armament been enabled sufficiently to exculpate myself in the presence of the nor appear in the king's presence, for that he was so wroth with them, king and his lords, so that my innocency would have been apparent; they would at least be severely reprimanded, if not imprisoned. On but I must now submit to the disgrace until I shall wipe it off." hearing this, they retarded their journey toward Bristol; for, accord. "My lord," answered the knights, "all faults cannot be corrected at ing to the intelligence sent them, had they come, they wvould have once: have patience, we hope things will turn out better in England run a risk of their lives. The king's ministers, perceiving the earl;l than you think. The affection the whole country bear you will very of Northumberland did not arrive, said to him, " See, sire, if we did soon, if it please God, deliver you from all dangers." Thus did his not tell you the truth: neither the earl of Northumberland nor his tinights attempt to comfort the earl of Derby, who was more cast son condescend to serve you, although ordered; and, if you send down than man ever was; and what they had uttered by chance, them a special summons, you will have a confirmation that what we for consolation, turned out true, as I shall now relate. have told you is true." The king said, it should be done. Letters It was known in England that the earl of Salisbury had been sent were signed, sealed, and sent off by a special messenger, containing to France with credential letters, and that, on the strength of them, orders for the earl of Northumberland and sir Henry Percy instantly he had accused the earl of Derby to the king of France and his to join the king's forces, and perform their duties as they were uncles, as a perjured, false, and wicked traitor, which words had bounden to do. The messenger continued his journey to a very greatly angered many of the prelates and barons of the kingdom. handsome castle* of the earl of Northumberland, on the borders of They said, when among themselves: " The earl of Salisbury has Scotland, and delivered his letters. The earl read them attentively, done very wrong to carry such a message to France, and make so and then gave them to his son. neavy a charge against the most honorable man in the world. The They determined to entertain the messenger well, and to write to day will comne when he shall repent of this, and say,'It weighs the king to excuse themselves, as they were no way prepared, nor neavily on me that I ever carried a message to France against the could they leave their own country, as the king had a sufficiency of earl of Derby.'" The Londoners were exceedingly enraged against men for the business he was going upon. The messenger returned the king and his ministers for their conduct, asid said: " Ah, gallant with his answers and gave them to the king; but they were not and courteous earl of Derby, how great are the jealousies and ha- agreeable to him nor to his ministers, and for this and other charges, treds against thee, when, to overwhelm thee with disgrace and vex- which were publicly made against the earl of Northumberland and ation, they charge thee with treason! It was not enough for the his son, they were banished England, never to return until recalled king and his minions to force thee out of the kingdom, but they by the king. This sentence was published in London, and in all must add this charge also; but, by God, all things have an end, and the towns of England, to the great astonishment of the citizens, who their turn may come." " Alis!" cried the people, " what have his could not conceive why they I-lad thius been so severely punished children, done? when the king seizes their inheritance, which ought for they had always considered thle earl of Northumberland and sir to be theirs by direct succession from grandfather and father. There Henry Percy as two of the most loyal subjects in the realm. Somine must be soume change in public measures, for we neither can nor will said, when conversing on this matter, that" the ministers of the king muffer them to go on longer." hated them, and would in the end cause their master's destruction. It may be that the earl and his son have tallied too freely about tire king's ministers, and his foolish government: and, as truth is not C ~H ~A T E R ~c v~. always agreeable, these gallant knights suffer for it; but those who have now judged them mtay hereafter have their turn." KtNG RIOJtARD OF ENGLAND PROCLAIMS A TOURNAMENT, WHICH IS AT- Such were the conversations of the discontented Londoners, as TENDED vBY VER FEv PERSONS. ON SETTING OUT FOR IRELAND HE well as of the majority of the English people. The earl and his son BNImsHE.s THE EARL oF N'OR.THUMBER.LAND AND HIS soNr THE; KINGD0~. NSHES THE EARL OF NORTHMBERLAND AN HS SON TE INGOM. were connected by blood with the noblest and richest families, who SOON after the return of the earl of Salisbury from France to Eng- were exasperated by their banishment; and among them his brother, land, king Richard had proclaimed throughout his realm and in sir Thomuas Percy, who had done many very great services to the Scotland, that a grand tournament would be held at Windsor, by crown of England. When the earl heard of his banishment, he sumforty knights aud forty squires, clothed in green, with the device of moned all his friends and relations; but many were with the king a white falcon, against all comers, and that the queen of England, and could not attend. On their assembling, he consulted them how well attended by ladies and damsels, would be at this feast. The he should act in the disgrace the king had so undeservedly heaped queen was indeed present at the tournament in magnificent array, on him; and it was determined to send to Scotland, to request tile but very few of the barons attended; the greater part of the knights king would afford the earl and his son an asylum in that country until and squires of England were disgusted with the king, for the banish- affairs should mend, or the king's anger be pacified. This resolution mert of the earl of Derby, the injuries he was doing the earl's chil- was adopted, and a messenger sent to the king of Scotland to make dren, the murder of the duke of Gloucester, that had been committed the above request. King Robert, the earl Archibald of Douglas, and in the castle of Calais, the death of the earl of Arundel, whom he the barons of Scotland, cheerfully complied with it, and returned for had beheaded in London, and the perpetual exile of the earl of War- answer, that the kingdom was ready to receive them; and, if they wick. None of the kindred of these lords came to the feast, which wanted five or six hundred lances, they would be instantly at their was of course very poorly attended. service, on hearing from themn. This answer was highly pleasing to The king, after this tournament, made preparations to go to Ire- the earl of Northumberland and his kindred; and things remnained land. He left his queen, Isabella, and her household at Windsor in this state, the earl in his own country among his friends; for king castle, and took the road to Bristol, where he laid in ample purvey- Richard and his advisers had in a short time so much to do, that ances and stores. He had with him full two thousand lances, knights they had no leisure to attend to the earl of Northumberland, nor to and squires, and ten thousand archers. When the Londoners heard say to him, "Quit the kiangdom, or we will force you." They were he was set out, they began to murmur together and say: "Well! obliged to give up all thoughts but for their own safety, as you will Richard of Bordeaux has taken the road to Bristol for Ireland. It hear in the course of this history. will be his destruction: never will he return thence to joy, more than his ancestor, king Edward, who governed his realm so foolishly, through the counsels of the Despencers, and paid for it. This Rich- CH APTER CVI. ard of Bordeaux has confided so long in weak and wicked counsel. lors, that it cannot longer be borne." THE ENGLISH, AND PARTICULARLY THE LONDONERS, RISE IN FAVOR OF THE You must know, that although many barons, knights, and squires EARL OF DERBY AGAINST KING RTLCHARD. accompanied the king in his expedition to Ireland, they were much DURING the time king Richard was holding his court at Bristol and discontented with him, and did not follow him with a good will. in that neighborhood, there was a general insurrection o~ the people When they were together, they conversed, saying, " Our king gov of England. The courts of justice were closed; at which many of eas very badly, and too readily believes weak counsel." This was tthe prelates, barons and prudent part of the people, who only wanted so often and so loudly spoken of throughout the realm, particularly for peace and to pay what was lawful, were much dejected. A stop by the earl of Northumberland and his son Harry Percy, that the was put to all traffic, for merchants dared not travel for fear of being king's ministers heard of it and said to the king: "Sire, the earl of robbed, and having no courts to apply to for redress. All these things Northumberland and his son say things that must not be suffered, (or they want to excite your subjects to rise against you. Every *Alnwick. CiHROstINi CLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 613 weie very prejud clai alnd contrary to the usual customs of the coun- deaux must be arrested and confined in the tower of London, when try; forin general all people, laborers and tradesmen, lived peace- all h's actions will be examined and put into writing, which are suf. ably, and followed their occupations without hindrance, but it was ficiently numerous, and will prove clearly he is unworthy to govern now quite the contrary. When nmerchants went with their goods a kingdom and wear a crown: his acts are so infamous, that they iro:n one town to another, and haul Ray money in their purses, it was will condemn him." taken from them. The farmers' houses were pillaged of grain, and tleir beeves, pigs and sheep carried away, without the owners dariUng to say a word. These enormities increased so much, there was C H A P T E R C V II. nothing but complaints heard. The common people said, "Times are sidly changeed for the worse since the days of king Edward of THE ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY IS SENT TO FRANCE BY THE LONDONEES, 0appy mi noly Justice was then rigorous in punishing the wiked. AND OTHERS OF THEIR PARTY IN ENGLAND, TO BRING BACK THE EARL happy mem1ory. Justice was then ri gorous in punishing the wicked. OFDRY Tien tiihere was no man in England daring enough to take a fowl or OF DERBY';heep without paying for them, but now they ca'ry off all things, and SUCH was the language of the Londoners, and of many others we must inot speak. This cannot go on without the country being throughout England; but, although much was done to excite the ruined, aod yet no one attempts to check it. Wate have a good-for- people to insurrection, they would never have attempted what they nothing king, who only attends to his idle pleasures; and, as it should did, if the Londoners had not set them the example. The citi seem, lie cares not how public affairs are managed, so that his incli- zens of London, who, firom their power and wealth, lead the rest of nations are gruitified We must look for a remedy, or our enemies England, held several secret councils, to which were admitted some and ill-wisheis will be rejoiced and laugh at us. King Richard has prelates and knights, when they resolved to send in search of the mate his brother the earl of Huntingdon, governor of Calais, and earl of Derby, who was residinig at Paris or thereabout, and bring perchance there may be some underhand treaties going forward to him back to England. On his return they were to remonstrate with su'render it to the French, although it be so necessary and conve- him on the weak government of wicked king Richard, and propose, nient to England: should this happen no nation will be ever more if he would undertake it, to give him the crown, and elect him and discomfired than the English, and with good reason, for they will his heirs kings for ever, on condition that he promised to govern aclose the keys of the entrance to France." These murniumrings and cording to ancient usages of the country. They next thought on discontents multiplied; and the prelates and rich barons came to live the most proper person to send on this commission: he must be, n London, that they might avoid the troubles and dangers which prudent and brave; for it would be a grand enterprise to seduce the were increasing throughoutcthe kingdom. The families of those I earl from France, when the king and his uncles, were showing him whom- the king had put to death or banished, were rejoiced, and every token of love and courtesy; and he would not put any belief looked out for greater mischiefs as the consequence. in the simple propositions of a low-born person, nor any letters that The citizens of London, who being rich firom their trade, are en- were sent him, but rather the contrary. In consequence, they en. abled to live in state, and by whomn the other parts of England are treated the archbishop of Canterbury,* a man of' prudence and wisgenerally governed, foresaw that most dangerous consequences wo'uld dom, to undertake it, who, for the good of his country, conplied with ensue, unless they stepped forward, as they had wisely done brnmerly the request. I-e made his preparations for the journey so privately, agatnst king Edward and the Despencers, who had forced queen Isa- that none knew of his departure but those in thie secret. Ile, with bella and the prince of Wales out of the kingdom, and wanted to six more, embarked on board a vessel on the Thamnies, and landed at destroy them. The king had no cause for so doing, but they were Sluys, thence he went to Ardembourg, Ghent, Oudenarde, Ath, Cond6 absent from England three years. When the Londoners perceived and Valenciennes, and stopped at tihe h6tel of the Swan, in the marking Edward so besotted with the Despencers, they provided a.remedy ket-place. Having staid there three days to recover himself, he pur.by sending secretly to queen Isabella information, that if she could col sued his journey, not as archbishop of Canterbury, but like a simple lct a body of three hundred armed men, and land with them in Eng- monk on a pilgrinmage, discovering to no one his rank, nor the business land, she would find the citizens of London and the majority of the he was about. He departed from Valenciennes the fourth day, havnobles and cominonalty, ready to oin her, and place her on the throne. ing hired a guide to conduct him to Paris, giving out that he was on The queen found a friend in sir John of Hainault, lord of Beaumont a pilgrimage to Saint Maur des Fosses.t fie arrived at length where and Chimay, and brother to count William of Hainault, who under- the ear of Derby resided, which was, I believe, at the hotel de Vintook, through affection and pity, to carry her and her son back to Eng- chester,I near Paris. land. He exerted himself so much in her service, with knights and When the earl of Derby first saw the archbishop, his heart rejoiced squires, that he collected a body of four hundred, and landed them and he recovered his spirits. Those about him were well pleased, in England, to the great comfort of the Londoners. The citizens for they concluded he had brought some iniportant intelligence firdm joined them, for, without their assistance they would never have ac- England. The archbishop, however, did not discovti the cause of compiished their enterprise. King Edward was made prisoner at his coming, and, to prevent any suspicions of it, said he was on a pilBristol, and carried to Berkeley castle, where he died. His advisers grimage to Saint Maur des Foss6s, which the carl's atteindants bewere all put to death with much cruelty; and that same day king Ed- lieved and were satisfied. When the archbishop thought it was time ward III. was crowned king of England, in the palace of Westminster. to make the object of his journey known, he took the earl into a priThe Londoners remembered all these circumstancesvery well; for vate chamber, and there informed him of the miserable state England the children of those days, now become men, had often had them was in; that violence and desolation ruled in mnany pitts, and that, told by their fathers, and others read them in the chronicles of those by the king's fault, there was neither law nor justice: that the Lontimes. They therefore said one to another privately: " Our ances- doners, with some prelates and valiant men, had detelrmined to reniedy tors, ia former days, provided a remedy for the mischiefs that afflicted these evils, and that for this he had been sent by them to say, that the country, which were not so alarming as at this moment: if this if the earl would return to England (for he was wasting his timmein wicked king Richard be suffered to rule according to his pleasure, France) they would make him king: Richard of Bordeaux had done, we must all be ruined, and the country destroyed. Ever since he or consented to so many atrocious acts, that the people were indigbegan his reign the kingdom has not prospered to the degree in which nant, and resolved to rise against him. "Now is the time or never," it did before he shows no signs of being the son of the prince of added the archbishop, "for you to seek your deliverance, anid the Wales; for, if he were his son, he would follow his manners, and advantage of yourself' and children; for if' you do not, no one else akek pleasure in imitating his prowess, instead of idly dallying with will for them, since this Richard of Bordeaux is giving away all their ladies, and spendilng his time among them, or putting his confidence estates to his minions, or to whioever asks for them. The citizens of in those who have neither weight nor sense, but in amassing treasures London, and many other gallant men, are greatly enraged at sutich and destroyio ang l and. Have Hot the traitors near his person in- conduct, and would amend it if they could, though hitherto they have fainusly nimurIded that valiait duke of Gloucester, because he saw been silent. He has filled up the measure of his crimes by the omur. clearly pul':ic affairt were badly governed, going on from bad to worse, der of the duke of Gloucester, the beheading of the earl of Arundel and sppoe boldly the truth concerning them? Have they not also without cause, the exile of the earl of Warwick, and your bhanishment; put:s death that gallant knight the earl of Arundel, and banished clearly showing his intentions to deprive England of its nobles and lngland, without reason, the geentle sir Henry of Lancaster, earl of the support she might have from them, for hlie has lately banished Dorby, by wvhom, and his four promisimig sons, the kingdom ought the earl of Northumberland and his son because they talked too to be supported? This crucl conduct is much aggravated; for, while freely of him and his ministers.'The citizens of London and the they moLe the e iil suffer manmy disgusts beyond sea, they have disin- greater part of the prelates and barons of England entreat you will hemited his achildren of the estates thiat devolved to them firoum their not sleep over this business, but that you. will take leave of the ling grandnmother, the Iady Blanche of Lancaster, by dividing and distribu- of France and the Fre-nch, and return home, where you will be joyv ting ni thu dail to thoe who are unwortthy to possess thsem. Becaunse thoue two athisrt Ikniht% the earl of Notthutmberland anmi sir Henry * Thomams Fitz-'tlai, sont ti Sie emrl of Arndiel. Percy, have p:. lreni the im mninds ott this subject, king Richardl has t Saint Mausr iems Fosss —a tomen in the Isle of France, itiocese of Paris. also tantshedI the n: it in's cheat there xvill nut soon he any men of Emmmr amadbtsteeitoIet'medmittmemotmsCism.macie ~ilsr b~~isilcl thln: i ilJclenrther will~ot ~oon e cn rneHof'$ Froissa" rt hs saidl befiu'e, the earrl of~ Derby rc~teside at thle hotel de Clisson, near the, out ago amid hioiuem' ini tel country and hatreds amd discontent n Temmis. Flim hotel it Vimcimimiemwas smm ci led lisom rii hmmmimmg been bucilt by Joihmi imietmap ouIrgi oester, ai iatre d s aot ite inii;eml, at time steriod mmee om spemacing' of, to time dukte at not';ierna muisceryxvhere, oe thort if a remedy be not sought for, ill Pseirtry. —SvivLk.&imtmailu~its dc Perv'ise.;hempfs will mf ml ru in. Thme remedy is it thee earl of DerIse., xvho is Themee sees a a. miistakmie tis to the nammfe mif the bisho o? Wimcmtester. Peter mid tupibeu nOw losige mhis time in F:ne:'Mc m le'nstt send for, antd on his Wit helmet 1414 mmi iil 1235. arrival. a.ppoiieu rhi;i t nlf the ki'~domm, thmmt lie mlay reform all abysses' ad "":Cui:ii. 1mm.h i whio have steI hmmi so ill. Richard of Pot- aid tt i. 1J4 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN &c. fully received, and every promise I have made be punctually fulfilled, To shorten the matter, the earl managed his affairs with much diEs for the country desires none other than you for their king, so much cretion, and took leave of all the lords who were then at court: on are you beloved and respected." his departure, he made very handsome presents to the kirngl's officers, When the earl of Derby had heard this speech of the archbishop, for he was bounden so to do; and to the heralds and minstrels re. he did not imrnediateiy reply, but, leaning on a window that looked sident in Paris, and who attended the farewell -upper he gave at int.) the gardens, mused awhile, and having various thoughts in his the hotel de Clisson to such of the French knights as chose to parmind, turned to the bishop, and said: "My lord, your speech requires take of it. much consideration. I would be unwilling to begin an enterprise I These things done, on the next morning he and his attendants and be forced to leave it unfinished, for I well know, that unless by mounted their horses and left Paris by the gate of St. James, follow the means you propose, it will be a long time before I return to Eng- ing the road to Estampes. A knight from Beauce called sir Guy le land. I am loth to resort to this, for the king of France and his nobles have paid me every honor and attention, and will continue so to do, as long as I shall please to live among them. Should I accept of the offers and kind promises which you and my good friends the citizens of London make, I must subject myself to their will, arrest king Richard, and put him to death. For'. o 1 i- iiiiii this I shall be universally blamed, and I t would not willingly do so, if any other is means could be adopted." "My lord," re- plied the archbishop, "I am sent hither i! with every good disposition toward you. r Call in your council and lay before thenm, the propositions I have made: I will also explain why I am deputed hither, and I do.. not think they will advise you to act other- is L k wise than to accept them." "I consent," said the earl, "for such matters demand great consideration." The earl of Derby sent for those knights A __ and squires in whom he had the most con- c,ntent'it t;1 fidence, and in their presence desired the dukL archbishop to repeat what he had just told him; which being done, he.asked their advice how he should act. T'hey unani-. w, d nmously answered: " "My lord, God has taken corupassion on you: be careful how you a m bhedf refuse such ofiL-rs, for you will never have orey cadie oantageoir ousness m o ve. Wh.e AReL OF DERBY TAKINO LEAVE OF THl KING AND LORDS O.' l RANCE Ar PnRsS. From MSS. of the 15th Century. more advantageous ones made you. Whoever will exaimine your blood,.will find that it descends in a straight line firom Saint Edward, king of England. Baveux, escorted them. They continued theirjourney to Blois, where Thank your good fi'iends the Londoners for wishing to deliver you they remained eight days; for the earl had sent forward one of his froin exile, and for having pity on your children and the kingdom of knights and a herald, to signify to the duke his intention of visiting England, whio:h eow is sorely troubled. Have you forgotten the many hinm, and the circumstance of his being on the road. The duke oi wrongs this Richarld of Bordeaux has done you, and who does not dis. Brittany was very happy to learn that his nephew, the earl of Derby, semble his wishes to add to them daily. When your marriage with the was coming to see him; for he was attached to him, and had always lady Marv of Berry was on the point of being concluded, did he not loved the duke of Lancaster and his other brothers. "Why," said send over the earl of Salisbury to break off the match, and to accuse the duke to the knight,'whose name was sir William de la Perriere, you before the king laid his whole court of being a false and wicked "has our nephew stopped on the road, since he intends to visit us, traitor, Such things are unpardonable, and you should rather seek and has not come directly hither?" The knight excused him as well for means of revenge. If you will not help yourself, no one will do as he could; but the duke said, "It is foolish; for there is no knight it for you: consider well, therefore, all we hav-e said." whom for these last seven years I should more gladly see in Brittany than my fair nephew the earl of Derby. Let him come to us with a hearty welcome, and he shall find my country and towns open and CHAPTEIA T R CVIII. ready to receive him." The knight was well contented with this THIE EARL OF DERBYP TAK~ES LEAVE OF THIE KING AND LORDS OF FRANCE answer, and set out on his return as speedily as possible. On his arrival at Blois, he told the earl and his council the words of the duke TO VISIT HIS COUSIN THE DUKE OF BRITTANY. of Brittany. On the morrow they mounted their horses, and left THE earl of Derby's courage was raised on hearing his council thus Blois, with the good wishes of the inhabitants, who had been paid boldly declare their opinion, and he said; " I will do whatever you most liberally for everything they had wanted, and all were contented. advise, for I have called you together to have your counsel." They In colmpany with the earl of Derby was sir Peter de Craon, who unanimously answered, "You say well; and we will advise you had been so much harassed by the parliament of Paris in his suit according to circumstances, to the best of our power." After this, xwith the queen of Naples, that he was in a manner banished from they carried on their business so very secretly, that none of the house- France, and all his castles and estates sequestered for payment of hold but those immediately concerned knew anything of what was the one hundred thousand francs he was indebted to the queen, and going forward. They consulted how they could cross the sea before various other heavy sums incidental to the costs and expenses of any news of their intention should reach England, and whether to this suit. The earl of Derby journeyed on until he came to Nantes, travel through Hainault and Holland, and embark at Dordrecht, or to wherel he met the duke of Brittany, who received him and his con. go to Brittany under pretence of visiting the duke, sail firom one of pany with much joy. Sir Guy le Baveux returned to France, and his ports, and land at Plymouth or any other place whither God the earl staid with the duke, who entertained him in the best manmight please to send them. Everything considered, they tlhought the ner. The archbishop of Canterbury accompanied the earl, but did road through Brittany the easiest accomplished: and they advised the not open himself to any one on the cause of his coming, so that it earl, saying, " My lord, you will take leave of the king of France, was a perfect secret excepting to the earl and his council. The his brother, and uncles, and thank them warmly for the affection and duke, to show his love, spared no expense in entertaining his courtesy they have shown you. After this, you will request the kIing nephew and his attendants, although he knew king Richard was to grant you an escort to Brittany, to visit the duke and stay some very wroth against him, for which he pitied him. time with him." The earl, noticing the great affection of the duke, by the advicet The earl of Derby consented, and came to Paris, where all things of his council discovered some parts of his plan, by way of sounding were prepared for his departure: he waited on the king as usual him on the subject. He asked his advice how to act in respect to whenever he pleased. fo;r the doors of the palace were open to him his inheritance of the duchy of Lancaster, and others which his at all hours. At this last visit, he talked to the king very ably, as he father had held, and by right of succession had at his death devolved kneo.w well how to do, as to his future plans, and said he wonld go on himn but that the Iking, far from allowing him to have possession and amuse himself in Brittany and visit the duke, whom he called of them, had banishedr him fiom England, and was daily giving his uncle, for ho had niarried a sister to his father, daughter to king away the estates of his fanily to any who asked for them; that numu. Edward. The kIing, not thinking lie was plotting mischief, easily bers of the nobles and prelates were exceedingly discontented witb assentee,: and the'earl, having roquested an escort to Brittany, the the king for this conduct, and that many'parts of England were in a sing proamised to give instant orders for one to be at his command. state of warfare against each other; that the good people of Lonsdos, CH11RONIC`.ES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. had compassion on him, and had given him to understand they London rode Ly the side of the earl, to the delight of the people would cheerfully receive him, if he would return, and bring about a who were pleased to see how kindly they were received. T'I reconciliation between him and the king, and recover for him his mayor said, "See, my lord, how much the people are rejoiced a.nheritances. When the duke of Brittany heard this, he replied: your arrival." "It is very true," replied the earl. As he advanced' Fair nephew, the straightest road is always the best and surest. he bowed his head to the right and left, and noticed all comers witk You are in a distressing situation, and ask advice: I therefore kindness. recommend you to trust to the Londoners: they are powerful, and In this state they arrived in London, when the earl was escorted will force king Richard, who, I understand, has behaved to you very to his house; and every one retired to his own until he had dine,. unjustly, to do as they shall please, in conjunction with the prelates Then the mayor, the chief magistrates of London, and many barons,. and nobles who are attached to you in England. I will assist you knights, bishops, abbots, at the time in town, came to see the earl with vessels, men-at-arms, and cross-bows, to convey you over the and congratulate him. The duchess of Gloucester and her two sea, and to defend you against any dangers you may meet with." daughters, who were his cousins-german, waited likewise on him; The earl of Derby was very thankful to the duke of Brittany for but their brother Humphrey was with the king on his expedition to this advice and offer. Ireland, more through constraint than love. With these ladies came the countess of Arundel and some of her children, as did the lady C H A P T E R CIX. Warwick and many other ladies resident in London. The whole town was so rejoiced at the carl's return, that every shop was shut, THE ARL OF DERBY SAIS FRO RITTNY TO ENLAND. and no more work done than if it had been Easter-day. RECEPTION BY THE CITIZENS OF LONDON. Titus were all thinigs settled most amicably between the duke of Brittany and the earl of Derby, who staid some time with the duke, CHAPTER CX. and ga-.e out that he would remain longer; but, in the mean time, his purveyances were preparing at a distant seaport, which I believe THE EARL OF DERBY, NOW DUKE OF LANCASTER, UNDERTAKES THE GOT. was Vannes, whither the duke and earl came when all things were ERNMENT OF ENGLAND, AND, BY THE AID OF THE LONDONERS, DETER. ready. When the wind was favorable for England, the earl and his MINES TO SEIZE THE THRONE. HE MARCHES IN ARMS AGAINST IRING attendants embarked on board the vessel prepared for him. He was RICHARD AT BRISTOL. to be escorted by three ships full of men-at-arms and cross-bows, as To bring this matter to a conclusion, it was determined to march far as the coasts of England. The fleet, having weighed anchor, put against the king, whom the citizens of London and other towns to sea, and the fairther they advanced toward England, the more fa- called by no other title that.i Richard of Bordeaux: and the lower C, ~~~~called by no other title, than Richard of Bordeaux: and the lower vorable wsas the wind, so that, within two days and as many tights, classes had such a hatred to him, as not to be able to speak of him they arrived at Plymouth, where they landed, few at a time, and but in his dispraise. The Londoners already treated the earl of entered the town.? The bailiff of Plymouth, to whom the king had Derby as their king, and had formed resolutions accordingly. The in~~~~~~~~~~~~~~tD erbyted theegurd kiteong, wand hadstormsed toreesoluin acodngy Then inttited the guard of thie town, was astonished to see, so many men- earl of Derby engaged to undertake the government of England on at-armfs and cross-bows; but the, archbishop of Canterbury satisfied at- d cosbows but the achbishop of Cnterbly satified condition the crown was settled on him and his heirs for ever, which him, by saymingi they were men-at-arms whom the duke of Brittany the Londoners swore to observe, under their hands and seals, and had sent for the good of the realn, and to serve the king and coun- promised that the rest of England should do the same in so solemn try. The bailiff's suspicions were lulled; and the earl so disguised a manner that there never should be a- question concerning it: they himself, that he was not discovered by any of the townsmen, and also promised him assistance in men and money. These obligations retired to a private chamber, where he remained shut up. The iaving been entered into on each side, which dld not take much archbishop, on their arrival at Plymouth, instantly wrote letters, time, for they were in haste to free themselves, twelve hundred,* signed and sealed by him, which he dispatched by one of his ser- well armed and mounted, were ordered to accompany the earl of rants to London, to inftorm the citizens of the earl's landing. Derby toward Bristol, to make Richard of Bordeaux a prisoner, and The messenger made such haste, by changing horses in the dif- conduct him to London. When there, he should be legally tried ferent towns he passed through, that he arrived at London by break before the nobles, prelates, and commons of England, and judged of day on the following morning. He entered the city by London according to the proof of the charges laid against him. It was also bridge gate, which was not shut, and went to the house of the mayor, ordered, to avoid slanderous reports, that the men-at-arms and cross. who was in bed; but, on hearing a messenger was come from the bows, who had been lent by the duke of Brittany to the earl, as his archbishlop, he leaped out of it, and ordered tie man into his chai- escort, should be sent back, for they had men sufficient for the pur ber, who gave him the letters from the archbishop. The mayor pose they were about. The earl, in consequence, called the Bretons opened and read their contents with pleasure, and instantly dressing before him, thanked them warmly for the services they had renhim self, sent off his servants with the intelligence of the earl of dered him, and on their departure, gave them so much money that Derby's landing, to the houses of those who had been the most ac- they were contented. They returned to their vessels at Plymouth, tive in sending for him. All were rejoiced at the news; and about and thence sailed to Brittany. two hundred of the principal citizens assembled, who held no long IThe earl of Derby was prepared to march to Bristol as command, council, for the case did not require it, but cried out: "Come, let er-in-chief of these Londoners, for he was more interested in the us hasten to make ourselves ready, and go and meet our lord of matter than any one else, and set out in grand array. He pressed Lancaster, since we have invited him hither. The archbishop of his march as much as he could, and was joined by all the countries Canterbury has done well to bring him; and let the earl's arrival be he passed through. News was carried to the army of king Richard,t made known to such gallant lords and knights as are desirous to see of the march of the earl of Derby and the Londoners; but it was him, and have himn for their sovereign." Many persons were then known to many knights, squires, and archers, before the king; and selected to publish this intelligence, and carry it to the barons, several heard it who were afraid to tell him. Whenit became more knights, and squires of their party. Utpward of five hundred Lou- public, there were many murmurings in the army; and those about doners mounted their horses, and were so impatient to see the earl the person of the king were exceedingly alarmed, for they now saw of~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~h Derson thf theykn would exceednly waitarmed for antheyrowsa of Derby, that they w\ould scarcely wait one for another. matters were ripe with every mischief and danger to the king and to The earl made no long stay at Plymouth, but on the morrow, themselves. They knew they had many enemies in the kingdom;. when the horses were disembarked, mounted them and took the and that such as had hitherto kept up fair appearances, now the earl road to London. Sir Peter de Craon and the Bretons still accom- of Derby was come back, would turn against them. Thus did it panied the earl of Derby. The mayor of London and the chief happen; for numbers of krdghts and squires who had served the citizens were the first who met the earl and the archbishop on the king in this campaign, dissembled, and quitted him without taking road. The mneeting, was very affectionate on both sides; and as C = road The meeting was very affectionate on both sides; and as leave, or saying they were going away. Some retired to their houses, they iode onward, they met more of the Londoners. They lay the and others went straight to the earl of Derby and joined his army.. first nicht at Guildford, twenty-eight miles from London. On the As soon as Humphrey of Gloucester, and Richard of Amundel,.son. morrow all the city of London knew that the earl of Derby was to tme late earl, knew for certain of the earl of Derby's approach,. comingf thither, anda mean, women, children, and clergy, d~ressed in comig tith, nd men, oen, cildren, and cley, dressed in they left the king, and - never stopped until they had joined him,.. their best clothes, went to meet himn, so eager were they to see him. Tie earl and his army had passed Oxford, and were then at a town The n-oment he came in sight, they shouted out, "Welcome, longThe m ent he caine in sight, they shouted out, "Welcome, on called Cirencaster: he had great jdy in receiving his cousins, and wished-for earl of Derby and duke of Lancaster: may all joy and how they had. prospemity atte d you!" They said that ever siace he had left how they ha prospeiy ttnd ou " They sid: tht ever since he had left managed to quit him. They replied, that they had not spoken to, England nothing good had befallen it: by him all things would be 1.Z Ennimu nothnv goodl had befallen it: byfrw him all things would be him of their departure: but the moment they had heard of his march,. restored, and put on a proper footing for we have lived in a wretched they had mounted their horses, and Lastencd to offer him their serstate by tte maserable councils of Richard of Bordeaux, but he is vices, and to revenge the loss of their fathers, whom Richard of most blameable himself; for a king, to succeed in the good govern- Bordeaux had put to death. The earl, bade them welcome, and: ment of his kmingdom, should have sense anmd discretion enough to said: " We will mutually assist each other. Richard of Bordeaux.. distmnauu~h between good amid evil, otherwise he is unfit to wear a must be carried to London, for so have I promised the Londoners, crowm; but this Richard has, in many respects, acted wrong firom and will keep my word, and they are willing to aidd me with all theikr: design, as shall be proved against him." Such were the greetings power. XVe have men enough to fight with him; and, if he wisk, the cmarl of Derby had on his approach to London. The mayor of it, we will give him battle." * T1his is a imst.arke: he prtobably coasted England, and landed at Ravenspurn in * "Twelve hundred." —the MSS. say twelve thousand, which is more probable, gorsikrlee, between Hull and Bridlington. t Richard was in Ireland when the news arrived. —ED. 616 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. business: Richard of Bordeaux must be taken dead or alive, wit-, C H A P T E R C X I. all the traitors who have been his advisers, and conducted to the ING ICAD IS INFORED THT THE ERL OF DEBY RCIIING Tower of London. Neither the Londoners nor we will hear any, KING RICHARD IS INFORMED THtAT THE EARL OF DERBY IS M/ARCHII hnIoNhGotar. h al fDryrele,1 D o er AGAINST HIM WITH A POWERFUl, ARMY. HIE RETIRES TO FLINT-CASTLE.~ AGAINST RIM WITH A POERFUL ARIY. tIE R-ETIRES TO FINT-CASTLE.O thing to the contrary." The earl of Derby replied, "Do not fear; what I have proposed shall be executed. If I can by fair words get WHEN matters could not longer be concealed, it was told to king him out of the castle, I will do it; but if he refuse to listen to me, I Richard: "Sire, take care of yourself: you must have good and shall instantly make you acquainted with it. You will advance the speedy counsel, for the Londoners have risen with a mighty powar, main army immediately, and we will besiege the castle, and by and intend to march against you. They have elected the earl of assault have him dead or alive, for the place is to be taken." Derby, your cousin, their commander, and by his advice they act: The Londoners were now satisfied, and the earl left the army witb you may be assured that some strong treaties have been entered into hundred horse. They soon came before the castle, where th y ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~two hundred horse. They soon came before the castle, where thc, between them, since he has crossed the sea by their invitation."ing w shut up in one of the chambers, much cast down. The The king was thunderstruck at hearing this, and knew not what earl and his men rode to e gate, which was closed, for te ase M ~~~~~~earl and his men rode to the gate, which was closed, for the case answer to make; for his courage forsook him, and he foresaw affairs required it, and nocked ly. Those within ased "Who is I ~~~~~~~~required it, and knocked loudly. Those within asked-, "1Who is would end badly unless pr~oper steps were immediately taken. Havwould end badly unless proper steps ere i ediatelytaken. Ha- there 7" The earl replied, " I am Henry of Lancaster, and am come ing mused a while, he replied to the knights who had given him demnd fom te i y eritne e dcy Lsr to demand fr'om the king my inheritance of the duchy of Lancaster, this information: "Instantly make ready our men-at-arms and Tell him so from me." "My lord," answered those who heard him, archers, and issue a special summons throughout the kingdom for "we will cheerfully do it," and instantly ascended to the hall, where the assembling of all my vassals, as I will not fly before my subjects." the king was c ith those of his knights tatt had for a long time been the king was with those of his knights that had for a long time been "By God," answered the knights, "everything goes on badly, for his chief counsellors, and related the message, for he was eager to your men are leaving you and running off. You have already lost hear who had so rudely knocked at the gate: Sire, it is your cousis half your army, and the remainder are panic-struck and wavering." the earl of Derby, who is come to demand his inheritance from you." " What can I do then?" asked the king. "We will tell you, sire: The king looked at his knights, and asked how lihe should act. quit the field, for you cannot hold it longer, and make for one of, Sire," replied they, "this request is no way improper: you may your castles, where you can remain until your brother, Sir John allow him to come ints your presence, with only eleven others, and Holland, who is enterprising and courageous, and must now have hear what he has to say. He is your cousin, and a great lord of the heard of the rebellion, come to you: he will, by force or negotia- country, and can besides, if he please, make up all differences; for tions, bring your affairs into a different state from that in which they heis exceedingly beloved in England, iore especially by the Lonare at present. When it is known that he has taken the field, many doners, who sent for him beyond sea, and are now in rebelion who have fled from you will join him." The king agreed to this aginst you. ou ust dissemble until mattes e appeased, and V n ~~against you. You must dissemble until matters be, appeased, and advice. The earl of Salisbury was not then with him, but in an- the earl of Huntingdon, your brother, arrived. It is unfortunate for other part of the country; and, when he heard that the earl of Derby him and you that he is at tis moment at Calais; for there are many was marching a large army against the king, he judged things would in England who now rebel against you, that, were he by your side, turn out badly for his master, and for all who had been his advisers. would remain uiet, and not dae take ny par. e is mared to He therefore remained quiet, waiting for further intelligence. wudrmi ueadntdr aeaypr.H smridt He therefore emaine quiet, waiting for further inteligence, the sister of the earl of Derby, and by his good sense and exertions, The duke of York had not accompanied the king on this expedi- ve hope and suppose he will make peace betwcen you and your tion: but his son, the earl of Rutland, had been induced to join him, ppl -'lpeople." for two reasons; one, in return for the great affection king Richard The i consened to this proposal, and said, o to him: ave The king- consented to this proposal, and said, "1Go to him: have had shown him; the other, because he was constable of England. the gaes opened th he and eleven more may ente. wo knigh It was therefore necessary he should attend his king. Other news then lef the in, and, ossing tle court of the cate, came to k te was brought ~~~~~~~~~~ ~~the knga espe:te ad Sryums hr left the king, and, crossing the court of' the cast-le, came, to the was brought the king, as he supped: they said, "Sire, you must gate, and had the vicket opened. Having passed it, they bowed to detemin ho yo wil at; or ourarm isas othng ompredgate, and had the, wicket opened. Having passed it, they bowed to detemine how you will act; for your army is as nothing compared the earl of Derby and to his knights, addressing them in courteous to the force marching against you, and a combat will be of no avail, lanouaue; for they felt they had no force to resist them, and that and appease the malcontents as you have formerly done, by kind ey were haed by the Londoners. They wihed therefore to accom words and fair promises, and punish them afterwvard at your leisure. odate matters by fi speeches and outard appearances. They There is a castle twelve miles from hence, called Flint, that is tel- said to the earl, My lord, what is your pleasure? The ing is at erably strong: we therefore advise that you fly thither and remainsadtteerl M lowhtiyurpaueTekngsaerably strong: we therefore advise that you fly thiter and remin mass, and has sent us hither to speak with you." "I will tell you," shut up as long as you please, or until you hear other news firom Sir ansvered the earl. "You know that I ought to have possession of John Holland and your firiends. We will send to Ireland for succor; the duchy of Lancaster: I am come partly on that account, and and when the king of France, your father-in-law, shall hear of your some othe business I wish to spea of to te king." My lord," on some other' business I wish to speake of'to the king." "1My lor'd,"~ distress, lie will assist you." replied they, "you are welcome: the king will see and hear you King Richard listened to this advice, and thought it good: he se- with pleasure, and has told us that you and eleven more nay enter lected such as he wished to accsmpany him, and ordered the earl the castle." The earl said it pleased him; and he and eleven others of Rutland to remain at Bristol with the remnant of the army, ready passed the wicket, which was instantly shut on the others who re. prepared to advance when'they should hear other news, or when uained without. ihey should be sufl;.ciently strong to Combat their enemies. These they should be suffiently strong to ombat their enemies. These Consider the great risk and danger the earl of Derby ran, for they commands w~err~ obeyed; and the king, attended by his household commands wer obeyed; and the king, attended by his household could as easily have slain him,.when in the castle (which they should only, departed on the ensuing morning for Flint-castle, which they havc done, right or wrong,) and his companions, as birds in a cage entered without showing any appearance of making war on any one, H ever thought of the peril he was i, but went straight forad z:1 ~~~He never thought of the peril he was in, but went straight forward but solely to defend themselves and the place, should they be at-nd was conducted to the kin. Te ing, on seeing him, canged twked~~~~~~~~~~t ~~~and was conducted to the, king. The king, on seeing him, changed taked.t ____color, as one who knew he had greatly misconducted himself. The earl spoke aloud, without paying any reverence or honor to the king, C H A P T E R C X II. and asked him," Have you broken your fast?" The king answered; G RICHARDSUE"NDERS HIMSELF TO THE EARL OFB No: it is yet early morn: why do you ask?." "It is time you NG RIHARDSURRENDERS ISLF TO THE EAR OF DERB, O BE should breakfast," replied the earl, "for you have a long way to CONDUCTED TO L.ONDONr. ride." "What road?" said the king. "You must come to LonTIE eatl of Der'.y and the Londoners had spies who brought themn don," answered tihe earl: "and I advise that you eat and drink daily accounts cf the state of the king, which were confirmed by heartily, to perform the journey more gayly." The king was now knights and squires, who had left his army to join the earl. The very melancholy, and frightened at these words: he said, "I am not intelligence of the king having fled to Flint-castle was soon known as yet hungry, nor have I any desire to eat." The knights, desirous to him; and that he had there shut himself up with a few men-at- to flatter the earl of Derby (perceiving things were taking a serious arms, of his household, showing no symnpton-ms of making war, but turn,) said, " Sire, have confidence in my lord of Lancaster, your to get out of his difficulties, if possible, by a treaty. The earl was cousin, for he can but wish your good." "Well," said the king, "I advised-to march thither, and get possession of his person by force am willing so to do: have the tables covered." or othewise. This was followed; and, when the army was within They hastened to obey these orders; and the king washed his two miles of Flint, they came to a village, where they halted, and hands, seated himself at table, and was served. They asked the the earl refreshed himself with meat and drink. I-Ic there resolved earl if lie would not be seated, and eat. He said, "no: for that he in his own mind, without consulting others, to march with only two had breakfasted.." During the time the king was eating (which was hundred horse, leaving the rest behind, and, wi-hen near the castle not long, for his heart was too muclh oppressed to eat,) the whole wherein the king was, to endeavor, by fair speeches, to enter the country was covered with men-at-arms and archers, who could be castle, and cajole the ki.ng to come forth nmd trust to him, who plainly seen from the vindows of the castle. The king, on rising - would insure him a~ainst all perils on his road to London, engaging from table, perceived them, and asked his cousin the earl wvlo they that he should not siifer any bodily harm, and promising to mediate were. He replied, "For the most part Londoners." " And what between him and the Londoners, who were greatly enraged against do they want?" said the king. " They want to take you," answered -him. This plan was approved of by those to whom he mentioned time earl, "and carry you to the Tower of London, and there is no$ -:it; but he was told, " My lord, beware of any dissimulation in the any means of pacifying them, tunless you consent to go." "No!" replied the kingr, who was much frightened at hearing this, for h It was Conway castle to which Richard retired,. rlied the kimcrs ivimo xv 1 This account of lFroisart is very inorrfet, and I refer to the different Englisish knew tie Londoners hated him, amind contimmued, "camunot you, cousina -ilroniclem preyvent this? I would not wvillingly yieid myself into their handsi CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c, 617 +.r I am aware they hate me, and have done so for a long time, low the road to Coinbrook, but that to Shene, and dined with the alfiough I am their sovereign." The earl of Derby answered, "I king at Chertsey. King Richard had earnestly requested his cousin see no other way to prevent it, but to surrender yourself to me, and, not to carry him through London, which was the reason they had when they know you are my prisoner, they will not do you any gone this road. harm You must make preparations to be conducted and imprisoned As soon as the Londoners were masters of the king, they sent some in the Tower of London with your attendants." The king, not of the principal citizens to queen Isabella, who resided with the lady knowing how to act in his distress, and fearing the Londoners would of Coucy at Leeds castle. She was next in rank to the queen; and put him to death, yielded himself prisoner to the earl of Derby, they addressed her: "'Lady, make preparations of departure, for you promising to do whatever he should advise. His knights, squires must no longer remain here. Take care on quitting the queen, that and officers, surrendered in like manner, to avoid greater danger. you show not any tokens of anger at being dismissed; but say, that The earl, in the presence of those who had accompanied him, received your husband and daughter have sent for you. This we advise you the king and his attendants as his prisoners, and ordered the horses to do, if you regard your life; for, should you act anlly way contrarly, to be instanthr saddled, brought to the court, and the gates of the it will be forfeited. You have no need to ask questions, nor make castle to be tlhrown open, on which many men-at-arms and archers inquiries: you shall be conducted to Dover, and embark on board a entered i. passage-boat to Boulogne." The lady of Coucy, afraid of these The earlI of Derby now issued a proclamation, that no one should menaces, and knowing those who made them to be cruel and dare to touch anything in the castle, or lay hands on any servant or full of hatred, replied, "that qn God's name, she would do as they officer of the kiog, under pain of' being instantly hanged, for that wished." Preparations were soon made: palfireys and hackneys every person and thing were under his special protection and guard. were provided for herself and attendants; and all the French of both Tins was obeyed, for there was not one bold enough to act contrary. sexes set off, esccrted as far as Dover, where they were liberally paid, The earl conducted his cousin, king Richard, down stairs to the according to their degrees. The first tide they enmbarked on board court of the castle, continuinig ii close conversation with him, where a vessel, with a favorable wind to Boulogne. The household of the he had hIis us u'i state, without the smallest change having been queen was broken up, and neither French nor English were left with made in it. While they were saddling the horses, and making her who were attached to king Richard. A new one was formed ready, the(y talked on different subjects, and were much looked at by of ladies, damsels, officers, and varlets, who were strictly enjoined the Londoners. never to mention the name of king Richard in their conversations I heard of a singlarl circumstance that happened, which I must with her. mention. Kiing lRichard had a iraylhou.nd called Math,* beautiful The duke of Lancaster and his company, on his departure from beyond toetsree, who would not notice nor follow any one but the Chertsey, rode to Shene, and, during the night, conducted the king king. Whene v er the king rode abroad, the grayhound was loosed and such of his knights and others as they wished to confine, to the by the person wvho h:a itfi in charge, aniid ran instantly to caress Tower of London. On the morrow, the Londoaners heard the king him, by placing his two tore-feet oii his shoulders. It fell out, that was in the Tower, and were much rejoiced; but there were many as the kir g and the dluke of Lancaster were conversing in the court iimrurmuring s that he had been brought thither privately, and the peou of the castlc, their hoirses being ready for themy to nmount, the gray- pie were very angry with the duke of Lancaster because he had not hound was untied, but, instead of running as usual to the king, he carried him publicly through the' streets in open day, not to do him left hiin, anld leaped t r the duke of Lancaster's shoulders, payinhg honor, but that they might show their scorn, so much was he hated ahim every court, oand caressi 7 hinm a ie was forimerly used to caress 1y them. Consider how serious a thing it is when the people rise the king. Thre cidike, not acquairoted withl this grayhound, asked the up inarnis against their sovereign, more especially such a people as king the mieaning of tdis fondness, saying, " Whnat does this imean?" the English. In such a case, there is no remedy; for they are the Cousin, replied the king, "it ilean s a great leal for you, and worst people in the world, the most obstinate and presumptuous; arind very lirtle for nme." "L ow?" said tihe duke "pray explain it." of all Enagland the Londoners are the leaders, for to say the truth, " understandi it,"'answered the m kings, " tihat this grayhounid foindles they are very powerful in men and in wealth. In the city and neigh. and pays Ihis court to you this day as kinio of England, which you borhood, there are twenty-four thousand men, completely arimned from will surely be, and I shall be deposed, fdbr cie natural instinct of the Ihead to foot, and full thirty thousand archers. This is a great force, dog shows it to nsim. Keep hlim, therefoire, by your side, for hlie will and they are bold and courageous; and the more blood is spilt, the now leave iie, and follow you." T'he dtrice of Lancaster treasured greater their courage.'up what the king had said, i:d paidr attenition to the grayhound, who would never more follow Richard of.Bordeaux, but kept by the side af the duke of Lancaster, as was witnessed by thirtythousand men. CHAPTER CXIV. THE EARL OF RUTLAND, CONSTABLE OF ENGLAND, HEARING THE KING HAS SURRENDERED, DISMISSES HIS MEN-AT-ARMS. FOUR KNIGHTS OF TiHE C1 H A ]P T E R C X4 I I I. CIING'S CHAMBER, HAVING BEEN PUT TO DEATI BY TrE LONOONEiS, HE THE LADvY DE coucv IS TAKTEN AWAY FROM TilHE YOUNG QUEEN OF ENG- IS ADVISED BY THOSE WI-om WvERE IMPRISONED wITmH HIM TO EESIGN HIS rAND, AND A NEW HOUSEHIOLD APPOINTED FOR IER. KtING RICHARD IS CROWN TO THE DTiRE OF LANCASTER. CONFINED IN THE'TOWER OF LONDON. We will speak of the earl of Rutland, son to the duke of York, at HAVING mounted their horses, they departed firomi'Flint-castle,t and this time constable of England, vwho had remained at Bristol with Henry duke of Lancaster, whom we shiall no longer call earl of Derby, his brother-in-law thIe lord de Spencer, and their men. When they rode by the king's side, and at timies conversed with him. They learnt that the castle the king had retired to was invested, and that were surrounded lby a larrge body of men-at-arms and archers. Those the king, on his surrendering, was carried to London, they instantly of the king's party advanced by themiselves, and the first town they foresaw the event, and that it must eind badly for king Richard. lay at was Oxford;t for the duke of Lancaster avoided all the large They determined not to stay longer where they were, but disamissing towns and castles, by keepiag in the open country, for fear of insur- their men-at-arm s, except such as were attached to their persons, left rections of the people. Thie duke disbanded a great part of his army, Bristol, and rode to a very handsomne seat'* the lord de Spencer had saying, "he had enough for.the completion of his business, as the ain Wales, where they remained until they heard other intelligence. king could not now fly nor escape firoom him. We will carry him and The duke of York resided at his own castle with his people, and inhis advisers to London, and secutrely place them in the Tower. They terrfered not in what was passing in the country, nor had done so for are miy prisoners, and I call take thermi anywhcre: return, therefore, a lonrg tima, but taking all thinigs as they happened, althouggh he was to your hoiaes until you shall again herair fiomn me." All asscirted to very mnuch vexed that there slhould be such great differences between this proposal of the dute, who took the direct rad to W'indsor; and his niephew, the king, and his relations. the Londoners, except those he ihad kept with him, went to their We will now return to king Richard. WVhen the duke of Lancas. homes. The duke of Lancastcr, ots leaving sWindsor, did not fod- ter lead imprisoned him and those of his council in the Tower, a.nd * Time Museum MS l tti round ene musne Macih tine ryhod placed sure guards over them, the first thing he did was to recal the *Thle Museum MiSS. call this gra;ylround Blemnach, mine MuIch. Thr'le grayhoun el -Jzril io h buslnt nd t iehr i i~ry eems tm have been a fivorire prognosticator in these tines; for, when the armines of the earl of aric ro his baishmet, ad to give im h ety two rivals, John of Montford andc Charles de Blois, were on thie point of engaging, thie Ile next sent to sumnmon the earl of Percy and his son sir Iarry lord.Oharles's greyhound Islin him and caressed John ofdontford, whim wh ired tine battlle. Percy to attend him, vhich they did. He tlhen inquired how Ihe T Corneway emiste T Co"Afcth can mdencmetlb tso aratb nthstlee could lay hands on those four coiapanions who had strangled his: " After the Icingo- ha.d been carried to tie ~lule of Ineiaster at Chester, on the third dayi tihe ilke departed with iris prisoner thence to Naniowih' thne next day to News- uncle in thie castle of Calais, and at length succeeded in arrestig' the tie and theire tihe earl of' Varwickt's son rinet thle; andr so journeyingrl fe ortie tihs nedt whole four, amd arold tot savo taken twenty thusand nobte: for day trey efitse to tin,'tdi aqI rqiiml nicer l 1 o a inf inr mies tire Ion' thought their deliverance. Hoe had ihemt confined in seplrale plsans i n so-LA. to have escaper, slipmring down rnto a ratsde~, oust of ai wntdo of a great 5' it clot Tie demise than comseited aith his comicil ari tha' cilticoimm aa he was esmiied,i anmi bOirought into tire tower agmin. 1From Licrlfield, the duke went to Covetry;r but, before temy could coe teinthecr, tetie sehmemlin tlier tmhem mcrh rischie; sheould be rone witth Richard of Bomrdeaus, awisho was confined in the and slcesini eny trim;and tSne inigli rhen, wren they bygreat chance could iste great tower of London, aherein mking John of Franc wasn once im any of tlie, reey tiedl I theor hiorse ms' tails, I' dw tlhe firen tses through wyso a l fit pisod, dumring tIne campaiga of lein dawv'd irsn FFrance. It wa 0f stoies, indmr caused threm ta die miserasbl.,'The luke pssetd firom Coventry to rDayentiry, the next dmiy t Noitbampton fine mc olved thit the iing shouid be dcprived of all his state and outar id thence to Dcnratatle, end tieem to Saint Albanms. ~itrtimm five or six miles belere his } marin of royalty, if they vwaishel to act prudently, for the nemas of his omingl to llon, Intie mayor and thIe o:epanir s mores eir iiverie:rn"ith g'reat -caim on nlret wioultd makl e a great noise thrlouhanout Chrisitndom, as they truimpetsi, me!t. ther duke, doin:: more reverenlcz t~o h~im then t4 t!.'.e kin~;lr, reCjo~icinlg tha~t t; —----- - -- ------ --- ~-U Gad hrd smut t!,em such l irince, that had conred tme realm within one monHeath, 1 D. S suvage calls this sent Heulle. Mm MS. says ciii a very handsome manor, whism mace." &r — Sticie's Colsemmis, by 1 owe's, pp.', I. s suppose must rlave been Caeiphily in Gtanmorganshire. cis CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. had acknowledged him twenty-two years as their king, and now held ing, and that the fickleness of fortune is wonderful, sparing neither him a prisoner. princes nor poor persons. The king of France, whose daughter you They examined the whole acts of his reign, and drew up twenty- have married, cannot at this moment assist you, for he is too far off. eight articles against him, with which they came to the Tower, ac- If you can, by dissembling, escape from this peril, and save your companied by the duke of Lancaster, and some knights and squires life and ours, you will act well; and within a year or two, your for of his council. They entered the king's apartment without speak- tune may change." ing to him, or paying any kind of respect, and read to him these "What would you have me to do?" replied the king, " for there is charges. He did not deny them, for he knew they were true, but nothing I will not attempt to save us." "Sire, we tell you for a truth, said that everything he had done was by the advice of his council. that, from every appearance, the Londoners want' to crown your Hs was told to name those who had been his principal advisers, which cousin of Lancaster their king; and with this intent they sent for he did, hoping to escape by throwing the blame on them, as he had him from France, and have aided him in all his exploits. Now it is formerly done, and they to receive the punishment; but this was impossible, that so long as you shall be alive, this coronation can not the intention of those Londoners who had confined him. At this take place without your consent. Suppose, therefore, you were to time they said nothing further, but went away: the duke of Lancas- offer your cousin terms, that we might escape the imminent danger ter to his own house, leaving the mayor and men of law to act as we are in, and that you send to speak with him on business. On they pleased. his coming, treat him affectionately, and say that you wish to resign The mayor went to the town-house of London, called the Guildhall, the crown into his hands, and that he be king: by this means you will where justice is administered to the citizens, followed by crowds of soften him and appease the citizens. You will earnestly beg that he people, expecting something effective to be done, as indeed there allow you to finish your lays here, or elsewhere; and for us to re. was. I will detail what passed. First, all the articles which had main with you, or be separated, or banished abroad for our lives, been drawn up against tke kiing and read to him, were again read at his pleasure; for he who loseth his life loseth everything." Ki.ng aloud, with comments by the person who iead them, adding, that the Richard heard these words with comfort to his heart, and said he king had not denied their truth, but confessed he had done them would act accordingly, for he saw his danger was very great. He through the advice of four kncights of his chamber, by whose coun- gave his keepers to understand, he would willingly speak with the eels he had put to death the dulke of Gloucester, the earl of Arundel, duke of Lancaster. and sir Thomas Corbet, and that they had for a long time excited him to these acts. Such deeds were unpardonable, and must be pun- C H A P T R c x V. ished; for by them anid their fellows had the courts of Justice been shut at Westminster, and all the other royal courts throughout Eng- In, RICHARD OF ENcRAND RESIONS HIS CROWN AND IINCD03I IiNTO THE land, which Bad caused great mischiefs, and encouraged bands of ANDS OF THE U OF ANCASTR. robbers to pillage merchants travelling from town to town, and to INTELLGENCE was carried to the dulke of Lancaster, that Richard plunder the houses of farmers. By these means the kingdom of of Bordeaux had a great desire to speak with him. The duke left England had been almost irrecoverably ruined; and it was to bV his house in the evening, entered his barge with his knights, and supposed, from this wanton neglect of England, that Calais or Guis- was rowed down the Thames to the Tower, which he entered by a nes, or both, would have been given up to their enemies the French. postern gate, and went to the apartment of the lking. The king Such speech.es as the above made an impression on the minds of the received him with great kindness, and humbled himself exceedingly people, so that many of the discontented said, "These things are like to one who perceives he is in a dangerous state. He addressed deserving punishment, that others may take example; and Richard him: "Cousin, I have been considering my situation, which is miser. of Bordeaux has so much disgraced himself, that he is unworthy of able enough, and I have no longer any thoughts of wearing my wearing a crown, and ought to be deprived of all honors, and con- crown or governing my people. As God may have my soul, I wish fined to pass his future life on bread and water, and subsist on that I were at this moment dead of a natural death, and the king of France as he could." Some of the lower classes cried out, "Sir mayor, you had his daughter again; for we have never enjoyed any great hap and your companions, who are the distributors of justice, look that piness together, nor, since I brought her hither, have I had the love it be done; we insist upon it and spare no man. You see by what my people bore me formerly. Cousin of Lancaster, when I look you have told us, that the case requires it, and immediately, for they baclk, I am convinced I have behaved very ill to you, and to other have convicted themselves." nobles of my blood, for which I cannot expect peace nor pardon. The mayor and the lawyers retired to the judgment.seat, and the All things, therefore, considered,I am willing freelyto resign to you the four knights were condemned to death. They were sentenced to crown of Eigland; and I beg you will accept the resignation as a gift." be brought before the apartment of the tower of London, in which The duke replied, "that it would be necessary the three estates of king Richard was confined, that he might see them from the win- the realm should hear this. I have issued summonses for the assemdows, and thence drawn on sledges by horses through the streets to bling the nobles, prelates, and deputies from the principal towns; and Cheapside, each person separately, and there beheaded, their hieads within three days a sufficiency will be collected for you to make affixed to spikes on London-bridge, and their bodies hung on a gib- your resignation in due form. By this act, you will greatly appease bet,;and there left. When this sentence was pronounced, they hast- the hatred of the nation against you. To obviate the miscehicfs that ened to execute it. Everything being prepared, the mayor of Lon-. had arisen from the courts ofjustice being shut, and which had cre. don, and the lords who had assisted him in this judgment, set out from ated an almost universal anarchy, was I sent for from beyond sea Guildhall with a large body of people, and came to the tower of Lon- The people wanted to crown me, for the common report in the cour. don, where they seized the four Iknigts of the king, sir Bernard Bro- try is, that I have a better right to the crown than you have. This cas, the lord Marcdais, master John Derby, receiver of Lincoln, and was told to our grandfather, icing Edward of happy memory, when the lord Stelle, steward of the king's household. They were brought he educated you, and had you acknowledged heir to the throne; but into the court, and each tied to two horses, in the sight of all in the his love was so strong for his son, the prince of Wales, nothing could Tower, who were eye-witnesses of it as well -s the king, who were make him alter his purpose, but that you must be king. If you had much displeased, and in despair; for the remainder of the king's followed the example of the prince, or attended to the advice of his knights that were with him looked for similar treatment, so cruel and counsellors, like a good son, who should be anxious to tread in the revessgeful did they know the Londoners to be. Without saying a steps of a father, you might still have been king; but you have always word, these four were dragged firom the T'ower, through the streets acted so contrary, as to occasion the rumor to be generally believed to Cheapside, and, on a fish-monger's stall, had their heads struck throughout England and elsewhere, that you are not the son of the off, which were placed over the gate on London-bridge, and their prince of Wales, but of a priest or canon. bodies hung on a gibbet. After this execution every man retired to "I have heard several knights, who were of the household of my his home. uncle the prince, declare, that he was jealous of the princess's con. King Richard was much afflicted at finding himself in such danger duct. She was cousin-german to king Edward, who began to dis. from the citizens, and that his power was completely gone. He saw like her for not having children by his son, since he had, by her that all England was against him; and, if he had some few friends former marriage with sir Thomas Holland, stood godfather to two left, they could not assist him, for his enemies were too numerous. sons. She knew well how to keep the prince in her chains, having, Those about him said: "Sire, we have not, as it seems, any great through subtlety, enticed him to marry; but, fearful of being di. hope of saving our lives. When your cousin of Lancaster prevailed on vorced by his father, for want of heirs, and that the prince would you to yield yourself up to him, he promised that you and twelve of marry again, it was said she got connected with some one, by whom four knights should be his own prisoners, and no harm done to them; she had you and another son, who died in his infancy, and no judg. of these, four have just been put to a disgraceful death; we must ment can be formed of his character: but you, from your manners expect the same, and will give you our reasons for it. The London- and mode of acting, so contrary to the gallantry and prowess of the ers, who have urged him to do this deed, have made him enter into prince, are thought to be the sonrt of a priest or canon; for, at the such engagements with them that he cannot act in any other manner. time of your birth, there were many young and handsome oiies in God will be merciful to us if we are suffered to die here a natural the household of the prince at Bordeaux. Such is the report of this death, for to die a disgraceful one males us shudder." King Rich. country, which your conduct has confirmed: for you have ever shown ard, on hearing them thus talk wept bitterly, wrung his hsands, and great affection to the French, and an inclination to live on good term cursed the hour he had been born, when his end was so miserable, with them, to the loss and dishonor of England. Because my uncle Those around him pitied his distress, and comforted him as well as of Gloucester and the earl of Arundel wished you would loyally do. they were able. One' of his knights said: "Sire, youn must not be fend the honor of the kcingdom, by following the steps of your asnceek too much cast down. We see, as well as you, that this world is noth. tors, you have treacherously put them to death. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 61s " gWith regard to me, I have taken you under my protection, and will guard and preserve your life, through compassion, as long as I C H A P T E R CXVI. shall be able. I will likewise entreat the Londoners in your behalf, A PARLIAMENT MEETS AT WESTMINSTER, WHEN THE DUKE OF LAN. and the heirs of those you have put to death. "Many thanks, CASTER IS AT UBWESTMLICLY ACNSTER, OWLEDGED ING OF ENGLAND. TE GREA answered the king:'I have greater confidence in you than in any NA NIFIC NCE OF HIS CORONATION. other person in England." "You are in the right," replied the duke: "for, had I not stepped forward between you and the people, ON a Wednesday, the last day of September 1399, Henly duke they would have seized you, and disgracefully killed you, in return of Lancaster held a parliament at Westminster; at which were as. for all your wicked acts, which are the cause of the dangerous state sembled the greater part of the clergy and nobility of England, and y~a are now in." King Richard heard all this patiently, for he saw a sufficient number orf deputies from the different towns, according to their extent and wealth. In this parliament, the duke of Lancaster challenged the crown of England, and claimed it as his own, for three reasons: first, by conquest, secondly, from being the right heir to it; ___-~ ___ v his cand, thirdly, from the pure and free resig. nation of it to him, by king Richard, in 0,W,-~. the presence of the prelates, dukes and earls' in the hall of the Tower of London. These: i i Mon three claims being made, he required the x':ha"'t' ne i~t h pariiament to declare their opinion and will. ":':c":e'in t Upon this, they unanimously replied, that it was their will he should be king, for they spaltd. Thewould have no other. Ie e again asked, it they were positive in this teclaration: and t'&4!~.ii when they said they wtoere, he seated him. eforth asebl o te hretf~ ~ the realm. cto ld ue self on the royal throne. The throne vas Thedu Y-o," anelevated some feet from the floor, with a don, as did'~('~~~ the erl o Nortulabrlandandrich canopy of cloth and gold, so that he haccompae (y a could be leen by all present. On the king's taking his seat, the people clapped dismounted il h.Ktheir hands for joy, and held them up, pro/ion, ruyally d dising him fealty and homage. The parliament was then dissolved, and the day of pa5-y as followcoronation a ppoin ted for the feast of Saint iaiNl, a loEdward, which fell on a Monday, the 13th of October. On the Saturday before the coronation, the new king went from Westminster to the Tower of London, attended by great numbers, and those squires who were to be /.-. knighted watched their arms that night: they amounted to forty-six: each squire had his chamber and bath, in which he bathed.....s from hI The ensuing day, the duke of Lancaster, tIoEARD IL. RESIGNING THE CROWS INTO THE HANDS O THE DukIE Of LANCASTER. prom MeS. o the 15th after mass, created them knights, and preCentury. nented them with long green coats, with straight sleeves lined with minever, after the manner of prelates. These knights had on their left shoulders a double cord of that neither arguments nor force could avail, and that resignation white silk, with white tufts hanging down. The duke of Lanand humility were his only arms. He therefore humbled himselfl caster left the Tower this Sunday after dinner, on his return to exceedingly to the duke, earnestly begging that his life might be Westminster: he was bareheaded, and had round his neck the order spared. The duke of Lancaster remained vith the king upward of of the king of France. The prince of Wales, six dukes, six earls, two hours, and continued in his conversation to reproach him for all eighteen barons, accompanied him; and there were, of knights and the faults he was accused of. He then took leave, repsntered his other nobility, from eight to nine hundred horse in the procession. barge, and returned to his house, and, on the morrow, renewed his The duke was dressed in a jacket, after the German fashion, of arders for the assembly of the three estates of the realm. cloth of gold, mounted on a white courser, with a blue garter on his The duke of York, and his son, the earl of Rutland, came to Lon- left leg. He passed through the streets of London, which were all don, as did the earl of Northumberland and his brother, sir Thomas handsomely decorated with tapestries and other rich hangings: Percy, to whom the duke of Lancaster gave a hearty welcome, with there were nine fountains in Cheapside, and other streets he passed numbers'of prelates, bishops, and abbots. The duke of Lancaster, through, which perpetually ran with white and red wines. He was ahcompanied by a large body of dukes, prelates, earls, barons, escorted by prodigious numbers of gentlemen, with their servants in rknights, and principal citizens, rode to the Tower of London, and liveries and badges; and the different companies of London were dismounted in the court. King Richard was released from his led by their wardens clothed in their proper livery, and with ensigns prison, and entered the hall which had been prepared for the occa- of their trade. The whole cavalcade amounted to six thousand sion, royally dressed, the sceptre in his hand, and the crown on his horse, which escorted the duke from the Tower to Westminster head, but without supporters on eitlher side. He addressed the comr That same night the duke bathed, and on the morrow confessed pany as follows: "I have reigned king of England, duke of Aqu.i- himself, as he had good need to do, and according to his custom taine, and lord of Ireland, about twenty-two years, which royalty, heard three masses. The prelates and clergy who had been assemlordship, sceptre, and crown, I now freely and willingly resign to bled then came in a large body in procession from Westminster my cousin, Henry of Lancaster, and entreat of him, in the presence abbey, to conduct the king thither, and returned in the same manof you all, to accept this sceptre." He then tendered the sceptre to ner, the king and his lords following them. The dukes, earls, and the duke of Lancaster, who took it and gave it to the archbishop of barons, wore long scarlet robes, with mantles trilmmed with ermine, Canterbury. King Richard next raised the crown with his two and large hoods of the same. The dukes and earls had three bars hands from his head, and, placing it before him, said, " Henry, fair of ermine on the left arm, a quarter of a yard long, or thereabout: cousin, and duke of Lancaster, I present and give to you this crown, tile barons had but two. All the knights and squires had uniform with which I was crowned king of England, and all the rights de- cloaks of scarlet lined with rainever. In the procession to the pendent on it." church, the duke had borne over his head a rich canopy of blue The duke of Lancaster received it, and delivered it over to the silk, supported on silver staves, with four golden bells that rang at archbishop of Canterbury, who was at hand to take it. These two ithe corners, by four burgesses of Dover, who claimed it as their things being done, and the resignation accepted, the duke of Lancas- right. On each side of him were the sword of mercy and the sword rtr called in a public notary, that an authentication should he drawn of justice: the first was borne by the prince of WVales, anld the other up of this proceeding, and witnessed by the lords and prelates then by the earl of Northumberland, constable of England, for the earl of presemt. Soon after, the king was conducted to where he had come Rutland had been dismissed. The earl of Westmoreland, marshal. from, and the duke and other lords mounted their horses to return of England, carried the sceptre. honse. The two jewels were safely packed up, and given to proper The procession entered the church about nine o'clock; in the gusrds, to, place them in the treasury of Westminster abbey, until middle of which was a scaffold covered with crimson cloth, and in they snould be called for when the parliament were assembled, the centre a royal throne of cloth of gold.'When the duke matered 62S0 CIIRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRAN CE, SPAIN, &c. the church, he seated himself on the throne, and was thus in regal ruined. I advise and entreat you to dissemble your vexation, for state, except having the crown on his head. The archbishop of king Henry is as much your brother as king Richard, Attach your. Canterbury proclaimed, from the four corners of the scaffold, how self to him, and you will find him a good and faithful friend; for God had given them a man for their lord and sovereign, and then there has not been any king of England so rich as he is, and he may asked the people if.they were consenting to his being consecrated be of the greatest service to you and to your children.". The earl and crowned king. They unanimously shouted out, "Ay!" and of Huntingdon listened to what the countess said, and followed her held up their hands, promising fealty and homage. After this, the advice. He waited on his brother-in-law, king Henry, paid him duke descended from his throne, and advanced to the altar to be many respects, and did his homage, promising fealty and service: consecrated. This ceremony was performed by two archbishops the king received him with much pleasure. The earl, afterwards, and ten bishops: he was stripped of all his royal state before the with the support of other friends, pressed the king so strongly in altar, naked to his shirt, and was then anointed and consecrated at six places; that is to say, on the head, the breast, the two shoulders, be-.......... fore and behind, on the back and hands:they:w', 44[~., I then placed a bonnet on his head; and, while this was doing, the clergy chanted the litany, if or the service that is performed to hallow a font. The king was now dressed in a churchmian's (clothes like a deacon; and they put on him. shoes of crimson velvet, after the manner of a i:.... prelate. Then they added spurs with a point, s 5e but no rowel, and the sword of justice was are for drawn, blessed, and delivemed to the king, who lc | put it into the scabbard, when the archbishop i of Canterbury girded it about him. The crown O T of Saint Edward, which is arched over like a hu 1d cross, was next brought and blessed, and placed IN i by the archbishop on the king's head. When i, mass was over, the king left the church, and re-:: e iii turned to the palace in the same state as before. r e There was in the court-yard a fountalin that con- I -en, stantly ran with white and red wine from various o mouths. The king went first to his closet, and hl then returned to the hall to dinner. At the first table sat the king, at the second' I;hi the five great peers of England, at the third the principal citizens of London, at the fourth the new-createdi knights, at the fifth all knights _his- ---- and squires of honor. The king was served....<;!]_] by the prince of Wales, who carried the sword CQR0OTION OF HENRY IV From MSS. of 15th Century. of mercy, and on the opposite side by the con. stable, who bore the sword of justice. At the bottom of the table was the earl of Westmoreland with the sceptre. favor of the earl of Salisbury, that his excuses were heard and ac. There were only at the king's table the two archbishops and seventeen cepted: his mission to France was pardoned, and he regained the bishops. When dinner was half over, a knight of the name of Dymock favor of the king and people. entered the hall completely armed, and mounted on a handsome steed, richly barbed with crimson housings. The knight was armed for wager of battle, and was preceded by another knight bearing his lance: H A P T E X V II he himself had his drawn sword in one hand, and his naked dagger by'his side. The knight presented the king with a written paper, the INTE OF THE IMPRISONMENT OF CIHN E RTS tRC IS CRRIED rc contents of which were, that if any knight or gentleman should dare FRNCE BY THE LADY OF cOUc. RI cHARLES IS MUCH DISPLEASED to maintain that kingt Henry was not a lawful sovereign, he was ready to offer him combat in the presence of the king, when and DEAUx, AND OTHER TOWNS IN AQUITAINE, TO THE CROWN OF FRANCE. where he should be pleased to appoint. The king ordered this chal. THE lady of Coucy, on landing at Boulogne, hastened her affairs, lenge to be proclaimed by heralds in six different parts of the town that she might begin her journey to Paris; for there were already and the hall, to which no answer was made. After king Henry had great murmurings in many parts of France at the events which were dined, and partaken of wine and spices in the hall, he retired to his happening in England. Some imperfect intelligence had been car. private apartments, and all the company went to their homes. Thus ried of them thither by merchants of Bruges, but when the lady of passed the coronation day of king Henry, who remained that and Noucy, who had been attached to queen Isabella, returned, the whole the ensuing day at the palace of Westminster. The earl of Salis- truth was known. This lady, on her coming to Paris, went, as was bury could not attend these feasts, for he was in close confinement natural, to the hotel of her lord, who had arrived the preceding night. under secure guards; and the king's ministers, with many of the News of it was instantly carried to the king of France, who sent nobles and citizens of London, were anxious that he should be pub- directly for the lord de Coucy to come and bring him intelligence of licly beheaded in Cheapside. They said that he was deserving of king Richard and his queen Isabella. On his entering the king's every punishment, for having carried such a message firom Richard chamber, he asked him the state of England. The knight, not da. of Bordeaux to the French king and his court, and publicly proclaim- ring to conceal anything, told him the full particulars he had learnt inc king Henry a false and wicked traitor, and that these were un- firom his wvife. The king was much affected at tile melancholy ac. pardonable crimes. The king was naturally good-tempered, and, count he heard, for he lnew the English to be determined, and hard far from inclining to put him to death, took compassion on him, and to appease; and, although hie had been for a considerable time in a listened to the excuses he made for what he had done, by throwing good state of health, the rage he got into, on learning the events pass.. the blame on the four knights who had been beheaded, as he had ing in England, brought back his fi'enzy, to the grief of his brother, only obeyed their orders. The council and Londoners would not uncles, and barons of France, but they could not prevent it. hear his excuses, and would have him executed, for they said he had The duke of Burgundy said; "The marriage of king Richard with deserved it. The earl of Salisbury therefore continued in prison, in Isabella was ill advised: I spoke of it when iu agitation, buit was not great danger of his life. attended to. The Londoners never sincerely liled king Richard, Sir John Holland, earl of Huntingdon, who was governor of Ca- and all this misery has been hatched by the duke of Gloucester. We lais, had been duly informed of all that had passed; how his brother, must learn how the English mean to proceed, and take our measures king Richard, had been arrested and carried tothe Tower of London, accordingly. Since they have imprisoned their kIing, they w'll put where hlie had been condemned to pass his life, after resigning his him to death, (for they never loved him, because he preferred oeace crown to Henry of Lancaster, who was acknowledged king of Eng- to war,) and crown the duke of Lancaster. I-He will be forced to land. The earl of Huntiogdon, notwithstanding tle vexation the state enter into sucd engagemnsnts from his obigations to them, that of his brother, king Richard, gave him, weigled wail the times and wvhether he will or not, he must act a- they shall please. The duke circumsstances, and found that he alone could not pretend to with- of Buraundv added "tsatit would be pio'em Is: know the ircinations stand the whole power of England His countess, sister-german to of the inhabitants of Bordeaux; for king Richard, having been born king Henry, told him, on his return from Calais to England, "My there, was greatly beloved by them, as w~ell as by those of Dax, Baylord, you Iliust prudently lay aside your anger, and not hastily do onne, and thsat whole counitry. It would not be amiss (he said,) anything you may repent of, for my lord the kiing, my brother, can that the constable, lord Louis de Sancerrl, should have notice of show you much kindness. You see the whole kingdom is in his what vwabs proposed, and tlhat he shsoild iadlvinuce toiward the frontiers favor, and should you commit yourself by any rash act, you are of Aquitaine, taking with him sir Reginald d Espagne, Barrois des CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 6 Barres, and other barons and prelates, who knew how to negotiate; ard, and crowned king Henry, what is it to us? We have still a ~ hat his brother of Berry should go into Pitou, and hover over the king; and we understand the bishop of London and sir thomas borders of Saintes, Blaze, and MIirabel, in order that, if those of Bor- Percy are on their way hither, who will fully infrn'm us of the truth. dea-ux should be inclined to enter into ally treaty, they might be re- We have more commerce with the English than the French, in wool, ceived; for we must gain them now, or never." These propositions wines and cloth, and they are naturally more inclined to us. Let us, of the duke of Burgundy were heard attentively, and his advice fol- therefore, be cautious how we enter into any treaties of which we lowed. He understood the matter well, and what ensued proved it. may hereafter repent." The inhabitants of Bordeaux, Dax and Bayonne, were lost in astonish- Thus were the negotiations of Bordeaux, Dax and Bayonne, wvth meat when they heard that their lord, king Richard, had been arrested the French broken off. Sir Tiomas Percy and the bishop of Lon. and was confined in the Tower of London, his principal counsellors don arrived safe in the harbor of Bordeaux with their charge of men. executed, and duke Henry of Lancaster crowned king, and would at-arms and archers, to the great joy of some, and grief of others, nor at first believe that such melancholy events had happened in who were of the party of the king of France. These English lords Englaud: but, as the reports were confirmed daily by fresh intelli- lodged all together at the abbey of Saint Andrew, and, when they gence, they were constrained to think them true. The gates of the thought it was time, they remomstrated with the commonalty of Bor iuree cities were closed, and no person whatever suffered to go out, deaux on the state of England, and the cause of their coming, with from the sorrow they were in, more particularly those of Bordeaux, such success as they were contented with: Dax and Bayonne were for king Richard had been educated among them. They were sin- also satisfied. These cities and their dependencies remained steady cerely attached to him, and he always received them kindly when to the English interest, and hard would it have been to have turned they waited on him, inclining naturally to comply with every request them to the French. they made him. On first hearing of his misfortune, they said, "Ah, Richard, gentle king! by God, you are the most honorable man in your realm. This mischief has been brewed for ydu by the Lon- CHAPT R CXVIII. doners, who never loved you, and their dislike was still increased by THE COUNCIL OF PrANcE, BY PERMISSION OF ICNG HENRY, SENDS OVEIR your alliance with France. This misfortune is too great for us to PERSONS TO VISIT ISABELLA, QUEEN TO RICHARD II. bear. aAh, king Richard they have acknovledged you their sove- TTHE council of France, perceiving the king so greatly affected at reign two-and-twenty years, and now they imprison you, and will put what had befallen his son-in-law, king Richard, determined to send you to death; for since they have crowned the duke of Lancaster to England some lord of high rank to see and inquire into the situaking, that consequence must follow." Such were the lamentations lion of queen Isabella. The lord Charles d'Albreth and Charles de of the townsmen of Bordeaux, and that whole country; and they Hanglers were nominated on this embassay, and made their prepa. continued so long that the s6neschal of Bordeaux, a valiant and able rations accordilngly. On leaving Paris, they rode to Boulogne, where English knight, determined to send home intelligence of these com- they remained, and sent a herald to inform king Henry of their inten. plaints in Bordeaux, Dax and Bayonne, and that they were on the tion of coming to England; for, although there was a truce between point of surrendering themselves to the king of France. Having the kingdoms, they would not venture thither without his assurance written and sealed his letters, he gave them to a trusty varlet, whom of safety. King Henry, who had not forgotten the kindness of the he embarked on board a vessel; and, having a favorable wind, he king of France when an exile, mentioned the matter to his council was landed in Cornwall, and thence pursued his journey to London, and the herald was told, that it was very agreeable to the king and where ling Henry at that time was holding his parliament. These council, that his lords and their company should come to England, letters were addressed generally to the king and citizens of London, and by the direct road to London, not quitting it without license. and being opened and read, tie king and his parliament consulted The French herald returned to tell his lords at Boulogne what he on thdnm. The Londoners said, like men no way dismayed, "Those had obtained. They were pleased with the answer, since they could of Bordeaux and Bayonne will never turn to the French; they cannot not obtain more. They immediately embarked themselves and horses bear them nor suffer their tricks. They are free under us; but, if in two vessels, and, putting to sea, arrived at Dover. On disembarkthe French govern them., they will be taxed and taxed over again two ing and entering the town, they were met by one of the king's krnights% or three times a-year. This they have not been accustomed to, and who had been ordered thither to receive them. Having known him will find it hard to endure. These three cities are besides surrounded when he accompanied the king in his banishment to Paris, they by the lands of great barons, who are and always have been loyal to were all soon well acquainted. The lord Charles d'Albreth and tihe England, such as the lords de Pommiers, de Mucident, do Duras, de lord de Hanglers were handsomely lodged in Dover, where they Landuras, de Copane, de Rosem, de Langurant, and many other staid until their horses were landed. They continued their journey barons and knights, who will instantly make war upon them: they througrh Canterbury to Eltham, and they were splendidly entertained Cannot issue out of their gates without being made prisoners. Not- in compliment to the king of France, to whoI king -enry felt him. withstanding, therefore, what the s(neschal of Bordeaux writes to us, self under obligations. we do not fear they will ever turn to the French: let us, however, The lord d'Albreth explained to the king the cause of his coming, send them some man of valor and prudence, whom they esteem, and who replied, "You will go to London, and within four days I will who has governed thlem before; and we recommend sir Thomas consult my council, and you shall have an answer to your demands." Percy." What they had advised was done, and sir Thomas Percy This satisfied them. They dined with the king, and, when it was was entreated by the king and citizens to undertake the voyage and over, remounted their horses and rode to London, attended by the the government of that country. Sir Thomas could not refuse, and knight, who lodged them conveniently in London, and never quitted made his preparations. them. The king of England came, as he had said, to his palace of It was now about Christmas, when the winds are high, and the Westminster, and the French lords were told of it, and to hold them. sea rough: he made, therefore his purveyances in Cornwall, at the selves in readiness to attend him, for they would be Summoned. The port nearest to Bordeaux, and his equipment was two hundred men- king, having his council with him, and being prepared what answer at-arms and four hundred archers. Sir Thomas was accompanied to make, the French lords were introduced. They said, they had by his nephew, Hugh de Hastings, Thomas Colleville, William Lisle, been sent by the king and queen of France to see the young queen John de Grailly, bastard-son to the captal de Buch, William Drayton, of England their daughter. The king answered: " Ge-ntlemen, we John d'Amnbreticourt, and several others. He had likewise with him no way wish to prevent you seeing her; but you must promise, on Robert bishop of London,? and master Richard Rowhall. It was, your oaths, that neither yourselves, nor any of your company, speak however, the middle of March before they were able to embark. to her on what has lately passed in England, nor about Richard of Before these lords arrived at Bordeaux, the duke of Bourbon camnie Bordeaux. Should you do otherwise, you will greatly offend us and to the city of Agen, to treat with those of Aquitaine, and made such the country, and put yourselves in peril of your lives." progress that the magistrates of Bordeaux, Dax and Bayonne, were The two knights replied, they would not infringe this regulation deputed to Agen. The duke received them most kindly, and was all they wanted was to see and converse with her, and then they not sparing of fine words and fair promises: he gave them to under- would set out on their return. iNot long after this, the earl of North. stand, that if they would turn to the French, and submit themselves umberland carried them to Havering-at.the Bower, where the young to the obedience of the king of France, they should have granted queen resided. She was attended by the duchess of Ireland, daugh. whatever they might ask, and that the engagements they entered into ter to the lord do Coucy, the duchess of Gloucester, her two daughshould be sealed and recorded to last for ever; that whenever they ters, and other ladies and damsels, as companions. The earl intromight call on France, they should be supported to the utmost of its duced the two krnights to the queen, who conversed some time with power. He made them many other flattering promises; but they them, asking questions after her parents, the king and queen of replied, they must return to their constituents, and lay before them France. They kept the promise they had made, by never mention. his offers, and consider how to act. They then left Agen and the ing the name of king Richard; and, when they had been with her duke of Bourbon, on their return home, where, on their arrival, they sufficient time, took leave and returned to Lonrldon. They made related all the duke. had said; but his offers came to nothing, for the no long stay there, but, having packed ulp their things, and had their'nhabitants of these towns having considered their present situation, expenses paid by the king's officers, they rode to Eltham, and dined and that France was vexed by all sort of taxes, and every oppressive with the king, who presented them with some rich jewels. Om. taking meainns to extort money, conclmded they should suffer similar vexa- leave, the king parted with them amicably, and said: "Tell those ions if they submitted themselves to time French, " It vill be, there who have sent you, that the queen shall never suffer the smallest harm fore, better for us," they said, "to remain steady to the English, who or any disturbance, but keep up a state and dignity becoming her hold us frank and free. If the Londoners have deposed king Rich- birth and rank, and enoy all her rights; for, young as she is, she Robet Braybrook, dean of ~arum and lord chanceflor, ought not to be made acquainted with the changes in this world." 622 CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. The knights were very happy to hear the king speak thus, and then Spencer, found they had failed in their scheme of' seizing the king, departed. They lay that night at Dartford, on the morrow at Os- they held a council, and said, " We must go to Windsor and raise pringe, the next at Canterbury, and then at Dover, the king's officers the country. We will dress Magdalen in royal robes, and make him paying every expense of their journey. Having embarked with a ride with us, proclaiming that king Richard has escaped from pris.tn. favorable wind, they were landed at Boulogne, and thence proceeded All who see him will believe it true, and the report will gain such to the king and queen at Paris, to whom they related what you have credit that we shall destroy our enemies." This they executed by read. collecting their whole party, amounting in all to about five hundred We will now leave them, and speak of the affairs of Enigland. men, and, placing Magdalen in the centre, dressed in royal state, they rode toward Windsor, where king Henry kept his court. God,, as very kind to the king, for he had early intelligence that the earls of C H APTEER CXIIXE. KHuntingdon, Salisbury, the young earl of Kent, and the lord de Spencer, were advancing toward Windsor, to seize and murder him; that IE EARLS OF MUNTINRDON ANCE SLISBURY, AND SOME OTHERS, tAYING they were in sufficienlt force to take the castle, and had with them FAILED TO MURS ER TREACHERORSLY RIND HENRY OF LANDcASTER, ARISE Magdalen, one of the priests of the chapel royal to Richard of BorIN ARMS AGAINST HIMT. TIIEY ARG E DEFETED AND BED.ADEO, AND deauxi dressed up as the late king; and that they gave it out everyTHEIR HEADS SENT TO THE RING. where that king Richard had escaped from prison. Many of the IT was much disputed among the nobles, and in the principal towns, country people believed it, saying, "We have seen him," mistaking whether Richard of Bordeaux was put to death, and nothing more him for the king...as said about him, which was but what he deserved. King Henry Those who brought the intelligence said to king Henry," Sire, de-.eclared, that in regard to the charges made against him, he much part henbe instantly, and ride to London, for they will be here in a pitied him, and would never consent to his death; that the prison sehort time." He followed t-his counsel, and mounting his horse, set wherein he was confined was sufficient punishment; and that he had off with his attendants from Windsor, taking the road to London. engaged his word no other harm should be done him, which promise He had not been long departed, before those who intended to put he was resolved to keep. The enemies of king Richard replied: himn to death came to Windsor, and entered the castle gate, for there "Sire, we see plainly that compassion alone moves you thus to say were none to oppose them. They searched the apartments of the and act, but, in so doing, you are running great risks; for so long as castle, and the houses of the canons, in hopes of finding the king, but he shall be alive, notwithstanding thle outward good-hinnor and sin- were disappointed. On their failure, they were much enraged, and eerity with which he resigned to you his crown, and that in general rode away to Colnbrook, where they lay, and forced many to join you have been azknowledged as kitig, and received the homnage of them by fair or foul means, saying that king Richard was in their all, there must remain many attached to hiim, ho still preserve iheir company, which some believed, but others not. King Henry, doubtaffection, and will instantly rise against you wheanever they perceive fml of the consequences of this conspiracy, hastened to London, and, any hopes of delivering him friom prison. The king of France also, by a roundabout road, entered the Tower. Some sharp words passed whose daughter he married, is so exasperated at the late events, that between him and Richard of Bordeaux; he told him, "I saved your he would willingly retaliate the first opportunity and his power is life, and had great difficulty in doing it; and, in return, you want to great of itself, and must be increased by his connectioins in Eng- have me murdered byyour brother, and my brother-in-law, and by the land." King Henry answered: "Until I shall observe anything con- earls of Salisbury and Kent: your nephew, with the lord de Spencer, trary to the present state affairs, or that the king of France or other but, if you have had any hand in this plot, it shall end badly for you." persons act against min, I will not change miny resolution, but firmly Richard denied any knowledge of it, saying," As God may help me, keep the promise I have made." This was the answer of king and have compassion on my soul, I never before heard one word of Henry, for which he narrowly escaped suffering, as you shall pres- this plot. I never looked for any change in my situation, otr I am ently hear. perfectly contented with my present state." Nothing more passed. -The earl of Huntingdon, brother to king Richard, though married The king sent for the mayor of London and his partictular frienids, to to the sister of king Henry, could not forget the treatment of thep, late whom ha related everything he knew or had heard of this constpiracy. king, any more than the earl of Salisbury. They had a secret meet- They were greatly suprised on hearing it, and said, "Sire, you ntust ing near to Oxford, on the means to deliver Richard of Bordeaux summon your forces, and march instantly against them, before they from the Tower of London, destroy king Henry, and thrcrv the coun- increase more in numbers. We have made you king, and king you try into confusion. They res-olved to proclaim a tournament to be shall be, in spite of all that envy and discontent may do against you.'~ holden at Oxford, of twenty knights and squires, and invite the king The king lost no time in employing clerhks and mdssengers to write to witness it privately. During the time the kIing was sitting at din. and carry letters to the knights of his realm. He wrote himself to ner they were to slay him, (for they were to be provided with a suf- his constable, the earl of Northumberland, to his marshal, the earl of ficiency of men-at-arms for their purpose,) and to dress out in the Westmoreland, and to other great barons in Essex and Lincoln, from royal robes a priest called Magdalen, who had been of king R1ich. whom he expected assistance. All who received them made haste ard's chapel, and was like him in countenance, and make the people to join the king. to understand that he was delivered from prison, aid had resumed The earls of Huntingdon and Salisbury, and their party, determinlled his state. They were, instantly after the business was completed, to march to London, for they imagined there muse be some of the to send information of it to the king of France, that he might send them citizens attached to king Richard, who would give them support. it, large succors, under the command of the count de Saint Pol or any consequence, they left Cohbrook, and advanced to Brentf'o-rd, seven other. miles from London,where they lay. Not one of the Lonidoners joined They executed this plan, and proclaimed a grand tournament to be them, but shut themselves up in their town. When they saw tli:t, holden by twenty knights and as many squires at Oxford, who were they marched away toward Saint Albans, a large town, and tmere to be accompanied by many ladies and damsels. They had gained staid one day. On the morrow, they went to Beklhampstead. Th ey to their party the young earl of Kent, nephew to the earl of Hunting- continued marching through different parts, publishing everywhere don, and the lord de Spencer, one of the most powerful barons in that Magdalen was king Richard, and came to a strong town called England. They expected the aid of the earl of Rutland, because Soncestre,* which had a bailiff attached to Iking Henry for the larStd king Henry had deprived him of the constableship, buthe failed them, of the town and defence of the adjacent parts. The three earl; arid and some say, that by him their plot was discovered. When all lord de Spencer took up their lodgings in Cirencester, aind were tiiat things had been settled for this feast, the earl of Huntingdon came to night left quiet, for the bailiff, being a valiant and prudent man, did. Windsor, where the king held his state, and with much flattering, not think he was strong enough to combat them, and dissembled iis like one who, by soft words, thought to deceive, invited, with many thoughts as well as he could. marks of affection, the king to be present at it. Not supposing any The next morning the earl of Salisbury and lord de Spencer left tihe treason was intended, he readily complied; and the earl of IHunting- earl of Huntingdon and his nephew, sayingthey would advance flarther don, much rejoiced, thanked and left the king. On going away, he into the country to gain friends, and would visit the lor c,f Berkieley said to tlhe canon de Robersac,* Get thyself ready for our feast, and'They rode down Severn side, but were badly advised tl-is to sepirate I promise thee if thou come, and we meet in the lists, there shall be for both parties were weakened by it. The earl of Hiunti gdI. a re. a sharp conflict between us." Sir John de Robesac replied: " By mained in Cirencester, and attempted to tamper with lle bailif' aind my faith, my lord, if the king come to your feast it is necessary that I townsmen. He told them that the Londoners had delivered kini Richaccompany him." Upon this the earl shook him by the hand, and and out of prison, and within two days hle would be there. The bailiff said, "Many thanks," and passed on. Several knights and squires, having collected a large force, said that not one word was true; for hearing of this tournament, made preparations to attend it, and all that he had just heard the contrary from Iking Henry and the ciizens the armorers in London were fully employed. The king's ministers of London to assure him of the truth, and that he should act contlorawere attentive to every circumstance that was agitated, and they told ably to the orders he had received. The earl of Huntingdon, hImea.t'iag him," Sire, you have no business to go to this tournament, and must this, changed color from disappointment. Finding he could nuot gadin not think of it, for we have heard whispers of plots that are very dis. his end, he returned to his lodgings, armed himself, and made his unata pleasing to us, and in a few days we shall learn the whole." The do the same, determining to conquer these ale-drinkers by force, and king believed what they had said, and did not go to the toarnament, set fire to their town as an example, and to terrify the country. The nor any of his knights, and indeed very few of those who were marked bailiff was not idle in collecting all the men he could; they amaaounited,'or death. j archers and all, to two thousand men, which he drew up in the When the earls of Salisbury, Huntingdon, Kent, and the lord de market-place, when the force of the earls of Huntingdon and Kfent * In the MSS. he is called Robessart and Robertstart * " oncestre "-Cirencester, pronounced Cipeter. CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. 693 were not three hundred. Notwithstanding this inequality, they made tany. The prelates, nobles, and chief magistrates of the great towns, ready to begin the battle, and the archers attacked each other, so that assembled at Pontorson, when the duke of Orleans made them the several were wounded. The bailiff and his men, who were very above request. They were prepared with an answer, and replied numerous, charged the rebels vigorously, without sparing any one, for they would be guardians to their young duke [and educate him in he had the king's special orders to take the leaders, dead or alive. their own country until he should be of a proper age; that then they The earl's party were forced to retire within their lodgings; and the would bring him to France, that he might do his homage to. the king, house wherein the two earls were, the bailiff's men surrounded and as was his duty; that for the due performance of this, they were conquered. willing to enter into bonds, subjecting themselves to the loss of their, Many were killed, and more wounded. The earl of Huntingdon lands should they break the engagement.] The duke of Orleans defended himself gallantly, like a valiant man-at-arms as he was; but finding that he could not gain more, took an obligation from the prlin cipal balons, who had their duke in ward, 1i1 deliver him up to the king of France when he should be of a proper age. These ob-.-~i9 X~~.~J J E R ligations being written and sealed, the duke L.. —u _..".'_ X~-~ -~'|of Orleans had them in chamge, and taking -v:i~~~~~~~ ~leave of the barons departed from Pontor'-l.-H, —Av7;son, on his return to Paris, and related to th!,:,}r'ac de..... ~'l [i nIcom-n —-'~and, al -,,..Hu "';t~ king, his brother, all that had passed It";- ~J'~ll-m It was known in England, tha.t the lid di iii'Wl'I I j~~~J~j~j~ French, by their King's command, had tile numbers aga istrongly reinforced, and re-victualled all the aJ I towns, castles, and forts in Picardy, and on Thei mel1 ofib Kilenct ethe borders of the Boulonois, and had closed''. illItwopanniesaf is crri, by a. on the river Somme, so that no merchandise nor ~attaHii 51'f;i K'fj corn could come to England, nor pass Ab. beville. The inerchants of the two countries, who were used freely to visit each, were now afraid of doing so; and those on the WIu m ~fl a Ktiy~ij~,i V ___ borders of Calais and Guisnes were ruined, although there were not, any hostilities com-,.V}i'.?\t~'-~;}~ r~menced, for orders to that effect had not been given. The king of England was ad-;i~?~,ld 1' ivised by his council to be on his guard; for,.~,~ll~g _- o the French, they said, were making great,a:!n.d trcpreparations of ships at Harfleur, and plainwere_ ly showed they were inclined for war. The black and a count de Saint Pol and the lord Charles d'_______:,~.-~ Albreth were appointed commanders; and it was to be supposed, that if the earls ef Huntingd in and Salisbury were alive, they FUNERAL PRocEssION OF RICHiAN H. From MSS. ofl5th century, would have crossed the sea, for they ha many connections in England. They added, the numbers against him were too great to withstand; and he was "Sire, so long as'Richard of Bordeaux lives, the country will never slain fighting, as was the young earl of Kent, who was muchlamented have peace. "dI believe what you say may be true," replied the by several knights'n England and other countries. He was young king; "but, with regard to me, I will never put him to death. I and handsome, and.had very unwillingly taken part in this conspi- have given him ry word, that no bodily harm shall befal him; and racy: but his uncle and the earl of Salisbury had forced him into it. I will keep my promise, until it shall appear that he enters into any The men of Cirencester, who were wroth against them, cut off their plots againstme." "Sire,", answered the knights, " his death would be heads, and selt them in two panniers, as fish is carried, by a varlet on more to your advantage than his lifeth for, so long as the French horseback, to rejoice the king and the Londoners. A similar fate know he is alive, they will exert themselves to make war against you, befel the earl of Salisbury and lord de Spencer; they were made ion the hope of replacing him on the throne, on account of his having prisoners by the knights and squires the king had sent against them, married the daughter of their king." The king of England made who had them beheaded, and sent their heads to London. Great no reply, but leaving them in conversation, went to his falconers, anLt, numbers of their partisans, and knights and squires who had accom- placing a falcon on his wrist, forgot all in feeding him. panied them, were executed, after which the country remained in peace. The king of France, his brother, uncles, and council, learning that CHAPTER CXXI. during Easter of the year 1400, the English had sent men-at-arms and archers to Calais, Guisnes, and the neighboring castles, andTHED were providing these places with many stores, issued a summons for BETWEEN FRNCE AND ENGLN. TE EAL-MASHAL, o AD BE BANNISHED ENGLAND, DIES AT VENICE. all knights and squires to prepare themselves to march whithersoever they might be ordered, and specially provided for the frontier of Bou. IT was not long after this that a true report was current in London logne and the sea-shore. of the death of Richard of Bordeaux. I could not learn the particulars of it, nor how it happened, the day I wrote these chronicles.o CHAPTER CXX. Richard of Bordeaux, when dead, was placed on a litter covered with black, and a canopy of the same. Four black horses were harnessed N TE DET OF JOHN OF ONFOT, DUE OF BRITTANY, TE EE to it, and two varlets in mourning conducted the litter, followed by TONS UNDERTAIKE THE WARDSHIP OF THE YOUNG DUKE, AND TO BE four knights dressed also in mourning. Thus they left the T'ower or FRIENTDLO T FANCH. THEGE FRIENCG KING, DISTRUSTING THGAE N NTI- London, where he had died, and paraded the streets at a foot's pace ENTS OF T NW EIGN IN ENGLN, MES PROVISION AGAINST AN until they came to Cheapside, which is the greatest thoroughfare in ST,'ODEN CHANCGE. the city, and there they halted for upward of two hours. More than AT this period, John duke of Brittany departed ttis life, leaving twenty thousand persons, of both sexes, came to see the king, who issue two sons and a daughter. The eldest son had been betrothed layin the litter, his head on a black cushion, and his face uncovered. to the second dlaughter of the king of France: he could not have the Some pitied him, when they saw him in this state, but others did eldest, as she was married to the king of Englaid, as has been related. not, saying he had for a long time deserved death. Now consider, She had indeed been promised him, and treaties entered into on the ye kings, lords, dukes, prelates, and earls, how very changeable the subject at Tours in Touraine; but the king was advised to break it fortunes of this world are. This king Richard reigned twenty-two off, to marry her more nobly and richly in England. Many of the years in great prosperity, and with much splendor; for there never French lords, however, said, that it would never turn out well thus to was a king of England who expended such sums, by more than one break through solemn engagements. On the death of the duke of hundred thousand florins, as king Richard did in keepiD9 up his state, Brittany, it was determined in the council, that the duke of Orleans and his household establishments. I, John Froissart, canon and treasshould advance to the borders of Brittany with a body of men-at-arms, urer of Chimay, know it well, for I witnessed and examined it, during to confer with the nobles and chiefs of the principal towns of the my residence with him, for a quarter of a year. He made me good duchy, to learn their intentions respecting the young duke, and to cheer, because in my youth I had been secretary to king Edward his dcmand he should be delivered up to him to carry to the court of grandfather, and the lady Philippa of Hainault, queen of England. France. When I took my leave of him at Windsor, he presented me, by The duke of Orleans, in consequence of this resolation, summoned one of his knights called sir John Golofre, a silver gilt goblet, weigh. a considerable number of men-at-arms, and marched them to Pen. * It is not to this day certain whether he died by voluntary or compulsory stsrvr'ok, torson, where he halted, and signified his arrival to the barons o Brit- or wai murdered by Piers Extont. t614 C CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, SPAIN, &c. ing full two marcs, filled with one hundred nobles, which were then Percy, son to the earl of Northumnberland, sir Evan Fitzwarren, and of service to me, and will be so as long as I live. I am bound to' pray the bishops of Winchester and Ely. The French proposed tFaving to God for him, and sorry am I to write of his death; but, as I have the queen of England delivered to them, but the English would not dictated and augmented this history to the utmost of my power, it listen to it, saying they would gladly have her reside in England on became necessary to mention it, that what became of him might be her dower, and that if she had lost her husband, they would provide known. her another, who should be young and handsome, and whom she I saw two strange things in my time, though widely different. I would love. Richard of Bordeaux was too old for her, and the person was sitting at dinner in the city of Bordeaux when king Richard they should offer was suitable in every respect, being no other than was born: it was on a Wednesday, on the point of ten o'clock. At the prince of Wales, eldest son to king Henry. The French would that hour sir Richard de Pont'chardon, then marshal of Aquitaine, not agree to this, for they dared not come to any final conclusion in came to me and said: "Froissart, write, that it may be remembered, this matter without the consent of the king her father. He was now my lady the princess is brought to bed of a fine son: he is born on in a very bad state, and much weakened in his constitution, for there Twelfth-day, the son of a king's son, and shall be king himself." had not been found any physician who could conquer his disorder, The gallant knight foretold the truth, for he was king of England The treaty was therefore laid aside, and the subject of the truce can. twenty-two years; but he did not foresee what was to be the con- vassed. It was so well conducted, that it was resolved to continue cluaion of his life. When king Richard was born, his father was in it to the original term of thirty years, four of which were already Calicia, which dolln Pedro had given him to conquer: a curious thing gone, and it was now to last for twenty-six years. This was put into happened, on my first going to England, which 1 have much thought writing, and signed and sealed by those who had full powers so to do on since. I was in the service of queen Philippa, and; when she ac- from the two kings. When this was done, they separated, and each conlpanied king Edward and the royal family, to take leave of the party returned home. prince and princess of Wales, at Berkhlampstead, on their departure I have not mentioned what became of the earl-nlarshal, by whom for Aquitaine, I heard an ancient knight, in conversation with some all these late misfortunes originated, but I will now tell you. He ladies, say, "We have a book called Brut,* that declares neither the was residing in Venice when he first heard that Henry of Lancaster prince of Wales, dukes of Clarence, York, nor Gloucester, will be was king of England, and king Richard dead, and took this news kings of England, but the descendants of the duke of Lancaster. so grievously to heart that he fell sick, was put to bed, became fran. Now I, the author of this history, say that, considering all things, tic, and died. Such were the misfortunes that befel the greatest lords these two knights, sir Richard de Pontchardon, and sir Bartholomew in England. Burghersh, in what they said, were both in the right, for all the world saw Richard reign for twenty-two years in England, aud saw the crown then fall to the house of Lancaster. King Henry would never have been king, on the conditions you have heard, if his cousin, C H A P T E R C X X II. Richard, had treated him in the friendly manner he ought to have FRANCE RESERVES A NEUTRALITY BETWEEN TIE TOPES OF ROME AND done. The Londoners took his part for the wrongs the king had AVIGNON. THE IECTION OF THE EMPEROR ROBERT. done him and his children, whom they much compassionated. When the funeral car of king Richard had remained in Cheapside IN the year of grace 1399, pope Benedict, whom the French had two hours, it was conducted forward, in the same order as before, formerly supported, was deposed, as well likewise the emperor of out of the town. The four knights then mounted their horses, which Germany* for his wicked deeds. The electors of the empire, and were waiting for them, and continued their journey with the body all the great barons of Germany rose against him, and sent him to until they came to a village, where there is a royal mansion, called Bohemia, of which country he was king. They elected emperor in Langley, thirty miles from London. There king Richard was in- his stead a valiant and prudent man, called Robert, duke of Heiterred: God pardon his sins, and have mercy on his soul! delberg, who came to Cologne, and was there crowned with the News was spread abroad that king Richard was dead. This had crown of Germany;'for those of Aix would not admit him within been expected some time; for it was well known he would never their town, nor the duke of Gueldres submit himself to his obedience, come out of the Tower alive. His death was concealed fiom his which angered him much. The new emperor promised to restore queen, as orders had been given for that purpose, which were pru- union to the church. In the mean time, the king of France nergo denltly obeyed for a considerable time. All these transactions were tiated with the Liege men, who were determined for the Roman -erfectly well known in France; and such knights and squires as pope, and managed so well, through sir Baldwin de Mont-jardin (who wished for war, looked every moment for orders to attack the fron- governed in part the bishopric of Liege, and was a knight of the tiers. The councils, however, of both kingdoms, thought it would king's chamber,) that the whole country complied with the desire of be for the advantage of the two countries that the truces should be the French king, and became neuter. renewed, and for this end different negotiators went to the neigh- The Liege men sent orders to those of their clergy who were at bourhood of Calais. The kIing of France was not in good health, Rome, that if they did not return home by a fixed day, they should nor ever had been since he heard of the misfortunes of his son-in- be deprived of their benefices. On hearing this, they all came back law, Richard; and his disorder was greatly increased when he was to Liege; and pope Boniface, who lost much by this order, sent a told of his death legate to Germany to preach to the Liege men, and endeavor to The duke of Burgundy took the chief government of the realm: make them return to their former creed. The legate dared not adhe came to Saint Omer and Bourbourg, where were the duke of vance farther than Cologne, but sent his instructions and letters to Bourbon, the lord Charles d'Albreth, sir Charles de Hangiers, sir John Liege. They read them and told the messenger, " Do not return de Chateaumorant, and such prelates as the patriarch of Jerusalem, hither again on the business thou art now come upon, unless thou the bishops of Paris and Beauvais. On the part of England were shalt wish to be drowned; for as many messengers as shall be send the earls of Northumberland, Rutland and Devonshire, Sir Henry us, so many will we throw into the Meuse."''he romance of Brut by Robert Wall -ED. t Wenceslaus.-ED. END OF THE CHRONICLES OF SI J O IHN FRO ISS 4 IN D EX. BBEVILLE. the town of, taken by the French forces undertakes an expedition against the English in the person, 317; defeated and slain at the battle of Rew urlnter' ir Ih ugh de Chatillon, 179. Bordelois, 227; takes the town of Bergerac, 229; takes becque, 321..4, erdeenl, thile bishop of, taken prisoner by the English at several other places in Gascony, 230: et seq.; returns Artois, lord James d', captured at the battle of Poitierso: the battle of Nevil's Cross,'86. to Toulouse, 231; collects another army against the 104. A&hery sur Aine, tile town of, in Picardy. taken by the English, 238: makes war on Brittany, 248; receives Artois, lord John a,c ~ptured at the battle ofPoitiers, 10L English under sir Eustace (l'Amlbreticourt, 127. the territories of the queen of Naples as a gift fiomn Artois, lord Philip d', marries the lady Mary of Berry,,,hieveinent at arms, between the lord (ie la Rochfou- pope Clement, 250; seizes the jewels of his brother and is appointed constable of France, 559. cault and sir William de Montferrant, at Bordeaux, king Charles the Fifth, 2s; seizes tile government of Artois, the lord Robert d', befriends Isaelda, queen of E417. France as regent, during the minority of Charles the ward the Second, after she had been commanded tr kcquigni, the castle of, taken by the'lord de la Riviere, Sixth, lb,; makes preparations to march fisr Naples, qnit France, 16; is himself banished by king Philip, 147. 293; sets out fbr Italy, 296; enters Naples, 297; dies at 27; takes refuge in England, and is created earl o, Acquitnine, the country of conquered from the English a castle near Naples, 340; takes Malvoisin, 364; * e- Richmond, 28; sent into Brittany to aid the countess by the earl of Lisle, 44; given to the duke of Lancas- sieges Lourde, but being unable to take the castle, hlie of Montbford against the lord Charles of Blois, 61; enter by IRichard II. and his council, 564. burns the town and retreats, 366. gages the lord Lewis of Spain at sea, 62; lands in Acquitaine, tise towns of, send ernbassadors to England Anjou, maldame d', queen of Naples, advised, on the Brittany, 62; takes the town of Vannes, 62; is beto remonstrate nagaiast thie gift madeof the duchytothe death of her husband, the duke of Anjou, to solicit sieged in it, 62; killed, ib. duke of Lancaster, 566: succeeded in the object of tie pope for possession of Provence, 340; urges her Arundel, the earl of, besieged with king Edward the So, their remonstrance, 570. claims to this country, 343; makes her public entry cond in Bristol by the queen's forces, 18; condemnea Atditions to the priited copies of Froissart's Chronicles, into Paris in company with her son Lewis of Anjou, to death and beheaded, 18. from MSS. in the Hafbd library, 94 et seq.; 218 note; king of Sicily, &c., 472; institutes a lawsuit in the Arundel, Richard earl of, defeats the Flemish fleet under sir 270 et seq.; 288 note; 288 note; 289; 523; 540; 603. courts of Paris against sir Peter Craon, 575; obtains John ]e Bucq,. 419: appointed to the command of a Africa, the town of, besieged by the duke of Bourbon, judgment against him, 577. naval expedition, 468: lands near la Rochelle, 473; de, 123; the siege abandoned, 529. Anjou, Lewis of, son of the duke of Anjou, makes his feats the Rochellers in a skirmish, 474; lands in Nor Agace, Gobin, conducts the English army under' king public entry into Paris as king of Sicily, &c., 472; sets mandy, and overruns the country, 474; returns to Edward III. to a ford on the Somme at Blanchetaque, out from Avignon to Arragon, 497; marries the daut.- Southampton, 491; joins ithe duke of Glocester in his previous to the battle of Crecy, 79. ter of the king of Arragon, 497; embarks with his i attempts to excite disturbances in England, 594; corn Agen, the town of, taken by the French army under the young bride tbr Sicily, lb. mitted to the Tower, 601; beheaded. 602. duke of Anjou, 197. Anne, of Bohemia, sets out for England, 295; married to Arundel, sir John, heads an armament against France, Aiguillon, the castle of, in Gascony, surrenders to the earl Richard the Secornl, lb.; her death. and lands at Cherbourg, 238: sent with a force to the of Derby, 69; besieged by the duke of Normandy, 74; Annequin, sir Baldwin d', captured by sir Bartholomew. assistance of the duke of Brittany, 258; nerishes at the siege abandoned by order of the king of France, Burghersh,,126 sea,'lb. 83; taken by the French, under the duke of Anjou, Apologue, delivered to the cardinals respecting the pa- Asai, Guy d', Stewart of Tou.ouse, endeavors to prevent 197. pacy, by friar John de la Rochetaillade, 390. the free companies from entering France, on their reAire, the town of, in Artois, besieged by the Flemings in Appearances, wonderful, in the heavens, seen by the army turn tioom Spain, 158; is defeated by them before Moothe interest of tbe king of Englandl, 89. of Philip von Artaveld'on the eve of the battle of tauban, and made prisoner, 159. &htert, air Perducas d', takes offence at the conduct of the Rosebecque, 319. Assembly, of the lords of England and France, held at:, prince of Wales, 160: marries the lady Isabella of Ardembourg, the town of, taken by the men of Ghent, Amiens, to treat of a peace between the two counBourbon, 171: complains to the king of France of a 325; narrowly escapes being taken a second time by tries, 542; breaks up without having accomplished the. tax the prince of Wales was about to impose upon them, 346. object of its meeting, 544. the land of himself and other lords of Gascony, lb.; Ardres, the town of, in Picardy, attacked ineffectually by Assembly, held at Rheims by the king of France and the, returns to the interest of the prince of Wales, 184;reI- tile French'forces, 182; surrenders to the duke.of Bur- emperor of Germany, to consult on measures to put, ceives the investiture of the lands of Chaumont, 309; gundy, 225. an end to the schism in the church, 561. his death, lb. Ardvick, the castle of, ii Picardy, taken by the duke of Assueton, sir John, a Scots knight, performs a gallant klbert, the lord Charles d', obtains permision from Charles Burgundy, 225. deed of arms at Noyon, 198. VL. to quarter the fleurs de lis of France alternately Asmagnac, the -lord of, complains to the king of France Athenis, the town of, taken from the English by the duke' with his own arms, 505. of a tax the prince of Wales was about to impose of Normandy, 74. Alencon, the earl oft slain at the sattle of Crecy, 82. upon the lands of himself and other lords ofGascony, Athens, the duke of, slain at the battle of Poitiers, 105. Alenqon, earl Peter d', returns to France from England, 171.Atremen, Francis, a citizen of Ghent, surprises the tswa where he had been as one of the hostages fbr king Armagnac, tihe count d', obtains the remissien of sixty of Oudenards, 333; defeats a party of the French at John, 177.' thousand francs of his ransom of the count de Foix, Ardembourg, 343; makes an unsuccessful attempt to Alexandria, the town of, in Lombardy, besieged by the at the intercession of the princess of Wales, 360; en- take Ardembourg, 346; murdered at Ghent, 403. count d'Armagnac, 533; siege raised, 534. deavors to prevail on the free companies to sell their Attigny, the town of, in Champagne, taken by sir Eustace Aljubarota, the battle of, between the armies of Spain forts, 453; is thwarted by thIe count de Foix, 453; leads d'Ambreticourt, 122. and Portugal, 380, 397. an army into Lombardy against the duke of Milan, Aubenton, the town of, taken by the earl of Hainault, 39. Aloise, the castle of, in Auvergne,'taken by Amerigot 541: applies to sir John Hawkwood for his assistance, Auberoche, the town of, in Perigord, taken by the earl of Marcel, 248. 532; besieges Alexandria, 532; his death, 533. Derby, 67; retaken by the duke of Anjou, 230. It Amaund, tihe town of, taken by the earl ofHainault, 46. Armagnac, sir Bernard d', does homage to the king of Aubriot, Hugh, liberated by the insurgents at Paris, 293. Ambreticourt, sir Eustace d', hospitably receives queen France, 544. Audley, sir James, handsomely rewarded by the prince of Isabella of England, after she had fled fro-m Paris, 17; Arnaut, sir Peter, appointed governor of Lourde, in Gas- Wales for his conduct at the battle of Poitiers, 106; his taken prisoner at the battle of Poitiers, 103; rescued cony, 361; murdered by the count de Foix, 367. generosity to his squires, 107; his death, 187. by his own men, 104; defeated and taken prisoner at Atragon, the king of, promises to assist king Henry of Audley, sir Peter, makes an ineffectual attemptto takethe the battle of Nogent-sur-Seine, 121; obtains his free-'Castille against don Pedro, and the prince of Wales, town of Chalons. 187. dom and takes several towns in Champagne, 122; takes 157; his death, 415. Avesbury, Robert of, his history of the progress of -Ed the town of Achlery-sur-Aine, in Picardy, 127; corn- Arras, a conference held there with the view of bringing ward the Third in Normandy, 78; note. mits great devastations in Picardy, 129; made prisoner about a peace between the kings of France and Eng- Aulnay, the town of, in Poitou, taken by the earl of Der: and ransomed in Limousin, 202; dies at Carentan, in land, 48. by, 84. Normandy, lb. Artaveld, Jacob von, a citizen of Ghent, governs all Auray, the castle of, in Brittany, taken bythe lord Charles Ambreticourt, sir John d', appointed embassador to the Flanders, 39; sends embassadors to Edward thie Third, of Blois, 58; taken by the lord John de Montford, 1523 king of Castille, 449; on his return from Galicia, goes to invite him over, 31: joins the earl of Hainault withl surrenders to the French forces, 226. to Paris, to accomplish a deed of arms, 451. a large army before Thin-l'Ev6que, 41; attempts to Auray, the battle of, between the lord John de -Montford Amurat, the Turkish commander, defeated by the Hun- disinherit the earl of Flanders, and to give the coun- and the lord Charles of Blois, 150. gayinns, 389; invades Hungary a second time, 544. tryto the king of England, 72; murdered at Ghent, 72. Austarde, Wantaire, commands a troop of the free. conmAnchin, Peter d', takes the town of Ortigas, 361; sells it Artaveid, Philip von, son of the above, appointed gov- panies at Roullebois, 142. for 8000 francs, 362. ernor of Ghlient, 281; leads the men of Ghent to attack Auterme, Roger d', bailiff of Ghent, murdered by tie Andreghen, sir Arnold d', captured at the battle of Poi- the earl of Flanders at Bruges, 303; defeats the eart, Whitehoods, 253. tiers, 104; advises Henry, king of Castille, not to ha- and takes Bruges, 304; returns to Ghent in great state, Auterme, Oliver d', revenges himself on the men of Ghent zard a battle with the prince of Wales, 165; captured 306; besieges Oudenarde, 307; writes to the king of forthe murder of his brother, 260; banished from Flan-, at the battle of Navaretta, 167. France to solicit his interference to make peace be- ders, 261. Andreghien, the castle of, belonging to the earl of Flan- tween the country of Flanders and the earl, 309; his Auxerre, the earl of, slain at the battle of Crecy, 82. ders, burnt and pillaged by the Whitehoods, under letters treated with contempt, 309; imprisons a moes- Auxerre, the earl of, captured at the battle of Auray. 150;: John Lyon, 254. wenger from the' king of France. 311; his answer to the imprinsoned on account of his alliance with don Henry St. Andrews, the bishop of, taken prisoner at the battle of letters he had.brought him, lb.; takes measures to of Castille, 169. Nevil's Cross, 86. guard the passes of the country against the army of Aymery, sir John, captured by the French, 373; slain a Anghein, the lord d', takes the town of'Grammont, in the king of France, 312; after the defeat of Peter du Sancerre, 373. Flanders, for the earl, 291; slain before Ghent, 291.'Bois,'collects a force to oppose the king of France in Angle, sir Guiscard d', appointed marshal of Guienne, 138; travels through France to Acquitaine in disguise, * It maynot be improper tvi observe here, once for all, B. 175; created a knight of the garter, 207; captured by upon a circumstance which doubtless excites the surprise the Spaniards befbre La Rochelle, 209; ransomed, 220; of the reader, that in this instance, as well as several. oth- BAcoN. a robber in Languedoc, takes the castle of Co. appointed tutor to Richard the Second, 224; dies in ers in differeit pa.s of the Index, events are inserted sub- boumre, in Limousin, and does other mischief, 92. London, 262, 289. sequently to the account of the death of the agent. This Bailleul, sir William de, defeated in a skirmish at Pont I Angoultsne, the town of, taken by the earl of Derby, 71; has arisen unavoidably from the manner in which Frois- Tressin, 46. by the, duke of Normandy, 74; surrenders a second sart'ompbsed his history, and front new and additional Bajazet, the sultan, raises a large force to oppose the kinlg time to thle French, 212. information communicated to him many'years after he of Hungary and John of Burgundy,.who had invaded Anjou, the duke of, left as a hostage for the payment of had completed the former part of his work, and had men- Turkey, 581; marches for Nicopoli, 587; detbats the the ransom of John of France, 133; breaks his parole, tinned the death of the personto whom such information combined Christian armies with. great slaughter, 588. 13,9, summons his vassals to make war on the prince related. But it was considered that it would have been puts his prisoners, with very few exceptions, to death of Wales in Acquitaine, 179; seads an army against a vain and fruitless attempt to rectify this imperfection; it 589; disbands his army, 591;' a singular instance of hiGuienne, 197; breaks up his expedition, 199; leads an has, therefore, been deemed advisable to leave things as justice, 898. army into lfpper Gascony, 220;' takes the town of they were found, and to insert the events sheccted'for the Ball, John, a refractory priest, excites the people tore!ell Lourde, lb.: makes a truce with the duke of Lancas- Index in tine arder autl rotation in which they appear no- ion, 283; enters London.at'their head 228; takvm sad ter 220; takes several places in Upper Gascony, 221; tics''''or himnself, Ibeheaded, 288. INDEX. Balon. the castle of in Auvergne, taken by Amerigot Mar- 56 takes tile castle of Auray 58 ttes the town of brougt to rance to be married to Chale te ith 5 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~brought to France to be married to Charles the Sixtheel, 248. Vannes by storm, 55; takes the town of Carhaix, 59; 347 applies to the emperor to interest himself to olp Barflour, the town off in Normandy, taken byEdward the obtains possession ofthe town of Jugon by treachery, tain the liberation of her husband from the dnke ol Tlhid, 76. 60; enters into a toruce with the countess of Montfort, Jutiers, 437; sends embassadors to solicit the assistance Barres, sir Barrois de (with other French knights,) goes 60; besieges La Roche d'Eries, 88; taken prisoner by of France against the duke of Gueldres, 45; beisegeta to the assistance of the king of Castilte, d89; enters the forces of the countess. 88; sent to England, 92; re- Grave, 465; iakes peacewith sue duke ofGueldres, 48 Corunna to defend it against tile tduke of Lancaster, turns to France, 111; raises an army to oppose lord Brabanters, the, besiege Grave, 468; defeatet with great 400; acquires great wealth by destroying the country John de Montfort, 148; killed at the battle of Auray, slaughter at the bridge of tavestein, 476; abandon the beibre tire English armry, 402. 151; canonized by Urbai the Fifthi, 151. siege of Grave, 476; refuse to permit the king of France St. Basile, the castle of, in Gascony, taken by the earl of Blois, Guy, count de, returns from England, where he hid and his army to march through their country, 477l Derby, 69; retaken by the duke of Anjou, 362. been hostage ibr king John, 177; joins the king of Bramber, sir Nicholas, beheaded by order of te duke ol Bassere, La, the castle of, taken by the French under sir Fraice a ainst England, 19t; sells tie reversion of the Gloucester, &c., 446. Waler de Passac, 384. county of Blois to the duke of Touraine, 541; dies Brantome, the town of, taken by sir Bertrand do GuesBateftbl, sir Seguin de, chosen commander of a band of at Avennes, in Hainault, 01. clin, 201. freebooters ii Gascoiy, 114; takes the city of Brioude, Blois, Johln of; marries the widow of William, count of Brest, the castle of, taken by the earl of Montfort as duka in Auvergne, 137. Juloers, 455; his death, 455. of Brittany, 49: besieged by the French under sir BerBattle, thile noted, between thirty Bretons and thirty Eng- Blois, lord Lewis of, marries tihe lady Mary of Berry, 465; trand do Gueslin, 217; succored by tie earl ofSalL%listh, note, 92. dies in Hainsauit, 536. bury, 217: besieged by sir Oliver de Clisson, 237; bo Bayeux, the city of, taken by the French under thIe lord de Blois, tihe county of, the reversion of it sold to the duke of sieged a second time by tim, 384. Coircy, 217. Touraise, 541. Breteuil, tie castle of, taken by the king of France, 100 Bayonne, tie tows of, besieged by tie king of Castille,238; Blondeau, sir John, surrenders the castle of Roche-sur- Breuse, the viscount de, captured by the prince of Wale taken by tile luke of' Lrncaster, 410. Yon to the duke of Canmbridge, 186; put to death in at the battle of Poitiers, 101. Bearn, Peter de, his strange dreams, 371. consequence, 186. Bria, sir Guy, defcats a Flemish fleet off tie isle of Baz, Bearmois, Penrot le, captain of some firee companies, talces Bodenay, sir Theebold de, captured at the battle of Poi- on the coast of Brittany, 205. thie town of Montferrant, in Auvergune, by stratagem, tiers, 105. Brignais, tis battle of, between lord James of Bourbon 462; abandons it, and retires to his forts, 464;, takes the Bohemia, Charles of Luxumbourg, king of, slain at the and tie freebooers, 135. field by order of the duke of Arundel, 473; overruns battle of Crecy, 82. rignais, tie castle of, taken by tie freebooting compa the country of' Berry, 473. Bois, Peter du, a oitizen of Ghent, chosen one of the com- nies, 135. Beaufort, thle cardinal de, elected pope, finder the name of manders of the Whitekoods in that city, 255; nar- Brineu, tie lord do, taken prisoner by tire English neat Gregory thie Eleventh, 202. rowly escapes being put to death, 280; besieges Coure- Aras, 24. Beaulieu, Williram de, captured by the English garrison of tray, 280; obtains tile appointment of Philip von Brioude, time town of, taken by sir Seguin Batefol, 1317 Cherbourg, 24,. Artaveld to be governor of Ghent, 281; defbnds the surrenders to tie French, 375. Beaumarneir, tile lord of, endeavors to make peace be- pass of Cominirie s against the army of the kimg oh Bristol, besieged by Isabella, queen of Edward thi Setween tile lord Joln de Montfbrd and tihe lord Charles France, 314; cdelbated, with great slauglte', 3165; ore- cond, to obtain possession of her husband and tie two of Btois, 150. vents the town of Bruges frmn snrrerdering to thi sir Hnugh Spencers, 17; surrenders to her forces, 15. Beaumost, sir 1lenry, takes Edward the Second prisoner, king of Frrance, 319; retreats to Ghleent after tile defeat Brithany, John dulce of, his death, 48. while endieavoring to escape fronm Bristol, 18. of P'hilip von Artaveld, 322; encourages tile mnen of Brittany, duke of Vide Montfcrt, Join de. Raunrrmnt-st- Laillois, the towns of, tfken by tie earl of Glent to withrstand tie erniy oh tie king of Fraince, Burrtlany, Join of, son of'the lord Charles of Blois, ohtaini Derby, 67. 323; after a peace reing concluded between the cluke his ransom, after maving bees long imprisoned in EmgBeauvais, the country of, invaded by tihe English, under of Burgundy, as heir of Flannders, and thei mes of lad, 451; marries tie daughter of Sir Oiver de ClisEdward thie Third, 79. Ghent, lie retires to England, 358. son, b. Becherel, tie town of, in Brittany, besiegedl by thIe French Boniface IX. elected pope by tihe cardinals of Rome, 506; Brittany, the lordr of, undertake the wardship of theis under the lord de Clisson, 215; surrenders on terms, sends a learmed firiar to thie king of Fi-ance to endeavor young dule, on the death of iis fatier John r(l Mont220-221. to gain him over to his interest, 545. fort, 23. Bel, John le, his chronicles adopted by Froissart, as the Bonneval, the castle of, taken by tihe earl of Derby, 67. Brittany, tie duciy of, adjudged to tie lord Chisles of foundation of hris own, 14. Bordeaux, tihe town of, besieged by the French under the Blois by the parliament of Paris, 51. Belleperche, the town of, taken by tire free companies in earl of' Lisle, 44. Bruce, Rohert, king of Scotland, defeats the English othe interest ofthe prince of'Wales, 186; retaken by thie Bordeaux, the archllishop of, imprisoned at Barcelona, der Edward tie Second, at tie battle of Bannockdukre of Bourbron, 106. 415; lneerartemh, 416. burn, 15; sends a defiance to Edward the Third, 19;!-}inedict, pope, elected at Avignon, 563; forced to resign Pordes, sir William de, captured by the garrison of Cher- invades England, 20; Iis dying request to lord James his dignity, by the king of France and the emperor of bourg, 248. Douglas, 24; iis death, ib. mernmacruy, 609; deposed, 624. Bmoteler, sir John, of Warrington, captured at Roche Pe- uce, vii, ring of cotlnd, dies at Edinurgh, 21. r~~eri~iany, 609; deposed, 624. Botel I 11 - ~~~~~~Bruce, David, king of Scotland, dies at Edinburgh, 216. iseon, the town of, taken by thie English under the earl rion, 59; narrowly escapes being put to death, 60. Bruges, tre toss of, enters into an alliance oiti tie men of Derby, 84; retaken by sir Bertrand du Guesclin, Boucicanlt, tihe lord of, taken prisoner at Romorantin by of Ghent, 25; taken by the men of Ghent,; it -213. time prince of Wanles, h01; atrpointed to tire command o hs,23 ansb loin fGnn,14 t the prince of Wles, 101ppoined to the commnd gates and walls demolished, 306; sulbmits Ito the mercy 3ergerac, the town of, takien by thIe carl of Derby, 66; re- of an expedition agninst the king of Navarre, 142; of tie king of France, after tme defeat of the men oi taken by the duke of Anjou, 229. takles the town of'Mantes by stratagem, 142; takes thie Grent under Philip von Artaveid, 3'= Urkele-y, Thtoor, lord of, captured at thin battle of Po- town of Metmlan, lb. _yls Thomas, lord of, captured at the battle of Poi- Boucirt, sir, tIe yongr, with to ote runes, lord Bartholomew de, captured at the batle c BouIciC'mlt, sir, thle yonlnger, with two other French Piir,1j tics'3, 103. Poitiers, 105. er!ey, tbe town of taken by tihe forces of the Iring of'Na- kIni;gts, holds a tournament near Calais against allr to Brux, the town of, taken by the English. under sir James va. a 0[17. comrners, 509. Audley, 183. l rcy, j(ik duieke of, returns to France firom England, Boucicarrt, thie lord, taken prisoner by thie Turks at Ire Such, tie csptal of, defeats tie infamous Jacquerie c battle of Nicopoli, 5~8; obtains his ransom, 599; atwhere he had been a hosarge fsr kins Johns, 177; col- bitthe of Niopoli, 5h; obtains hht ranso, 9;aes e town lects Iris castris to soaks so-rr on tire peine ofI Wales rises nt Venrice, 600; appointed marshal of Fracce, of Cleront, in Beauvoisis, 117; joins tie king of,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~fClrot, his veauvesalstmk war; joins the pkinge of'W]e o in Aldtline 17; inade Lious~, 17' tkesthe601;obliges pope Benedict to submit to the empero in Aqurit-ine, 170; invades Linrousirn, 307; taires the 601; obliges Dpsy Benenhict to submi't to tie ernusror 1Navarre, 142; captured at the battle of Cooserel, in town of Linmoges, 199; takes the tuwn of St. Severe, of Germany and the king of France, 609; sent to Normndy, 143; makes peace etween the kings o in Saintorg,, 211' appointed governor of Laingue loc, IHungary nganinst tile Turks, ib. and Navlre, and obtains his libety, 153; prevents th Bel e J hactizen of Ghent, appointed one of the cap275; betrothes iis dangihter to the son of thie count she Boule, John, a citizen ofent, appointed one of dhe cap- an Nf and obtins i venus tre Blois, 342; besieges the castle of Ventadour, 460: en- tains of the W hitehoods in that city, 255; put to death to of Linde fi-m being give up to he Feonch, 197; takeon by the French at Soubise, 212; imprisoned deavors to win over the duke of Brittany to the French by the men of Ghent, 277. in the Temple b t Paris, 213; his deat, 22; i interest, 465; proposes to marry tIe daughter of the Bontbon, lord John de, earl of MIarch, appointed to time s p,a duke of Lancaster. 455; having fciled, lie sends to thie command of an army, to go into Spain against Don n amgam t a ohe assistance of thkec ommand of Britan array to go to tire assistance of tire duire of Beltcount de Foix, to demand his ward, the daughter oh Pedro, 154. tny 2; arrives at Claisnd arces into Frnce, the coumntde Bhoulognie, ins rmarriage, 400; is miarriend to Boemm.srIsrsdcpue ytr mgii tiebt tany 202; arrives at Calais, and marches into France, 11 came(] toBourbon, sir James de, captured by the English at the batthe countope Boulogne, in ma~lrria e, 489; is in, rirl o Borlln~si Jaes d, cptued b th Engisl attre n 263; burns and despoils the country of Champagne, her, 403; accompnnicnies the kimmg of France in his visit tie of Poitiers, 105; sent by the king of F;-yunce to op-; brr s t countr o a ae, o the pope ait Avignon, 405 clains the liberation of pose the fiee companies. 135; completely defeated by 265 ooserns tie countries of Gatinois and Seance, %is agent Betlhisaic, sihon was under prosecution for th2em at t bt67: crosses the Sartie with great dlifficulty, 268; ar4o the pope -it Avignon, 49 ~~them at the battle of Brigaais, 136; his death,. ib. real-administration, 502. riv~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~es at Vannos, ins Brittany, greatly dissnatisfled woith rsaI-administr ntions, 502. Bourbon, duke Peter de, slain at the battle of Poritierse conduct of te de f Britny, 27; b10s.ge ".t;I, Jolm of, son of the duke of.Berry, marries the lady Bourbon,.. oitou and Linliousin244; th e onduct ofnrew the duke of Brittany, 270; besieges 5 -;y, JolnnB of, son of thie drr of Berry, marries the lary Bourhin, dukn Lduis dc, trclres tie castle of Belleperche, Mary of France, sister of Chiarles the Sixth, 465. 196; hentads an nrmy iris Poiso ard inousn 44 N te 271; remonstraes wits tie duke of rittan time duciess of, netihioms Ier sband in behnlf of takes Montliea in Saintooite, lb.; besiers -ntile- or not having joined ais,,27; ises tre siege of tl y, the duchess of, petitions her hushbogi;tkeVreu and reunst Pearis of0 the r de la Riviere, 54; supports the lord de la Ri- borng, ib.; takes Verteui and returns to Paris Nantes. 273; srive at Vanns, 27: eturi to Engthere, in oppasstmon to tie ducisess of Burgiady, 518. appointed to the command of an army to assist tihe i diust 27: uspct of favoi tie rebeBerruat, the town of, taken by tihe English, 242. ki of Ctie ginst te de of Lancster, 418; duke of Gloucester, 414. (For the renainiLg panticuBe.,-ick, the castle of; takten by Edward tihe Third, 27; arrives at Burges, 451; returns to Prance, ib.; magb ~~~~~~~~~~lars of this prince, see GLOUCESTER, DUKE' OF.] Jaken by tie Scots, 232; retlaken by tie earl of Nor- nificiontly entertained by tie count de Foix, 452; ap- B hat ohi pe, see oulers uef or.] Wumberisad,... pointed conmannder-in-criefof ofan expedition agiainst Bucs, sir John de, admiral of Flanders, defeated and cap iessunghen, the fort of, in Gascony, taken by the English Barbary, 514; embarks at Genoa, ib.; lands with his 4 t e i Engi uBesdsngnir Tlomrs T-eof 24nG y3. tae yteE- army befnore the town of Africa, whlch he besieges, 419; dies in London, 420. iete, she Synsonr T chtozma n of Grenit, pint to death for hay- 521; iris army suffers firom tire heat and insalubrity of Budes, Silvester, mnakes war on the Romans on the behalf etsira emndeavortiedi of makent uf poeaclemn,29 betweaed tat tsown. 20d j endeavored to niae pence betsween tiat tos'n and the climate, 525; abanrdons tihe siege and returns to f ppe lement, 29; beleded t Masco 20. she endach os F t aciers e 202 France, 529; maker an ineffectual attempt so gain SBuffiere, the lord Pierre de, captured at tie battle of Poithissc, Johrn, to e confiderntial agent of thie duke of Berry over thie towns of Aqunitaine, during tile imprisonment tiers, 153. -in Toulousea tJo n d at Sneers for mal-adminintration, of king Richard the Second, in the tower, 621. Burghrsh, sir Batolomew, takes e cstle of Comc n5Tou, havin confessed himself guilty of heresy, c., ihe Bourchier, sir John, appointed governor of Ghent, 340; i Champagne, 128, is burintg tondeath, hi503. lf-retires to Enigliand, 3M. Burgundy, Philip duke of, enters into a composition with i burnt to death, k03. s tie foet of La, Rocie Van- Bourdeilles, the town of, taken by the English under the Edard te Third to pae is duchy, in Iis march iune, sir Robrt de, takes duke of Cambridge, 185. through France, 129: his death, 137. du dais, 520fi om. the Burgundy, Philip (son of king John of Fra.ce) - duke of, -lanhiaqcir une, the battle of, between the king of England Bournezel, sir Peter, lord d, sent on an embassy from tie a~nd~ sir Godln~ar~doa~y. 70~. Iking of France to tie kiing of Scotland, 246; arrested his creation, 146; sent against the free companies into andrm qnmfsirt, Hoenry de, brrther of tIme emperor of Ge- iat Slays by order of the earl of Flanders, ib.; returns Caux, &c., 146o; takes the castle of Marcheville, and Rat aqqefort, Henry de, brothseera ofther eplaeso in Get x~amay, forcibly marries Margraret of'Hungary, who to Paris, 247. se veral other places in Boaace, 1 i47, et seq.; i vadet hal linen betrotined to Louis do Valois, 110. - Boutville, tetoss of, tasen by tire Frnench, 245. - great pain r t of th e country of Montbelliard, 148; taker had been betretlbed to Louis die Vallois, 350, otiltetw ftknb h rnh 4. glayes, tine town of, besieged by the earl of Derby, 71. Bealsant, the duske of, joins the Englsih frces before Cam- the tos' of La Crarhtd, lb.; marries thi daugirtar of Slhus the earl of, slain at the battle of Cressy, 82. bray, 34; purchmases three castles belonging to the dukre the earl of Flander, 122 appoirted to the command Blais, lord Ciharles of, cldmns time duchy of Brittany, 51; of Gnueldres.416; appoinsted chief of tni Languefride, of an aemamest againt England, 050; ordered to declared the Iawful dukmre of Brittanrny bh tie parlia- ib.; invandes time country of Juliors, 457; defeated and march against the duke of Lancanster at Cnlnis, 187 meat of Panris, 51; ernters Brittany with a large force, taken prisoner by the dukres of Juliers and Guetdrer, taker tie tos-s of Acdrns and Ardeick, -5; maker,ssisted bhy tine king of Franmce, 52; conquers several 457; obtanins iis liberty, 457; his death, 458. peace botoees the earlof Flanders. d tire men of triwums is nie dutcir, 52; talces iris adnrnary, th carl Brabant, tie dociess of, forms a marriace between the Ghent, 217; appointed governor of Picardy, 270; inef Issmntfsnt, pmisorner, 52; tak~er tire torh of Renimmes. children of Surgunddy and those of [Hainault, 341; stigates tire king of France to make war on Flanders, 88: besieges the countess of Monttort in Heannebon, causes the daughter of duke Stephen of Bavaria to be 00; aenrl aucrors to the eal of Flander to oppo INDEX. 621 the bishop of Norwich, 330; obtains the towns of and pillkges the territories of Anjou aind Rochechounart, England with propositions for a peace, 530; on the Sluys in exchange for tile country of Bethiune, 348; 187: killed in a skirmish at tile bridge of Lusstc, 194. death of the count de Foix, sendrs emnbanssadors to makes peace witi tihe men of Ghent, 356; serndls forces Chargny, tile lord dle, slain at the battle of Poitier, 106. Orthes. to make some arrangements respecting the to the assistance of tihe duiihess of IBrabant, against Chargoy, sir Geoffi'y de, endeavors to gain possession of country, 537; meets the duke of rittiany at Tours, to, the duke of Gueldres, 460; goes to Blois to meet the Calais by bribing the governor, sir Amery de Pavie, make an amnicable settlemrent of the differences beduke of Brittany, 471; c acco)mpanies the king of Franoe 93; defeated by the king of England, 94; emibarks for tween themn, 539; acknowledges tile viscount de Cha mn Iris visit to the tpoenr at Avignon, 498; ordered to Scotland to offer his assistance against England, 338; teaubon heir and successor to tile count de Foix, 540; return, to his great dissatisfiction, 499; appointed re- returns, and is in great dan/er from the Zealantlers, agrees to marry his daughter to the son of thie duke el genit if Fraiice during (ie derangemrent of Charles tile 40. Brittany, 541; receives the cormnrisrsioners fromn tile Sixth, 551; treats sir Oliver de Clisson, the constable Chargny-en-Dormois, the castle of, taken by sirJohn king ot England at Amiens, 542; not being able to of Fraince, harshly, 553; arrests reveral of the king's Chandos, 127. conduct a peace, lie enters into a truce br a year, 544; council, 553. Charitd, La, thIe town of, in the Nivernois, taken by the commands thIe duke of Brittany to deliver up sir Petet Bir1guntly, Johl of, son of the duke iof Burgundy. ap- lord Lewis of Navarre, 147; taken by the duke of Bur- de Craon, who had fled to Brittunry, after attempting poilnte; comrmandler-in-chief of an expedition against gundy, 148; taken a second time by the French, 373. to assassinate sir Oliver de Clisson, 547: after rethe Tutrks, 575; drosses tile Danube with a large forde, Charles, emperor of Germany, his death, 258. ceiving the duke's refusal, he leads an army against in cormplany with tile king of Hungary, 578; takes by Charles of Bohemia, emperor of Germany, collects alarge him toward Brittany, 548; arrives at Mans, ib.; is storin tie town of Coimecte, 578; besieges Nicopoli, army to make war on thIe duke of Gueldres in the accosted by a madman in thIe fbrest of lians, who 581;,elbantetil by the Turkish army under the sultan cause of the duchess of Brabant, 457; receives Iris sub- orders him to return, 550; becomes deranged, ib.; trjazet, 588; takenle prisoner, 589; obtains his ransom, mission, 457. his expedition is in consequence broken up, ib.; re599; reo rris to France, 601. Charles the Fourth, king of France, takes measures to as- moved to Creil Ior the benefit of his health, 551' Burley, sir Sinion, taken by the French, 180; sent to no- sist his sister Isabella, queen of Edward the Second, recovers his senses, 556; returns to Paris, 557; in great gotilte a mrarria.ge between Richard the Second and against her husband and the Spencers, 15; is prevailed danger of losing Iris life at a masqued dance, ib.; aptire htrighrter of Charles of Bohemia, emperor of Ger- upon by sir Hugh Spencer to break up the expedition points commissiorrrs to negotiate a peace with the niiiiy, 258; advises tihe removal of tihe shrine of St. which he hadl enicouragedl his sister to raise in France, king of England at Leulingien, 560; prolongs the lThormn s firomn Coanterbury to Dover castle, by which 16; commands her to quit the kingdom, 16; his death, truce with him, 562; relapses into his former malady, lie gives ~reat offence, 412; cornmmitted to the Tower 23. ib.; sends Robert tihe hermit to England, to assist in by eorder of tie commissioners of accounts, appointed Charles the Fifth, king of France, crowned at Rheims, bringing about a peace between tihe two countries, 571; to examine into his conduct during his administration, 147; makes peace with tihe lord John de Montfort, and liberates the lord de la Riviere and sir John le Mercier, 441; lrbehealded, 441. acknowledges him lawful tduke of Brittany, 153; makes who had been imprisoned by his uncles, during his deBurley, sir Richrard, son of the above, dies in Custille, 442, peace with tihe king of Navarre, ib.; raises an arury to rangement, 573; appoints John, son of the duklte o 450. make war orn Don Pedro, king of Castille, 153; is ad- Burgundy, commanider in chief of an expedlition C. vised to declare himself lord paramount of Guienne, against the Turks in Hungary, 575; betroths his diaugband to renew tihe war wvith Englandi, 174, 175; surm- ter, the lady Isabella, to Richard the Second of EngCADILLAC, tile town of, taken ty storm, 235 manses thle pirice of Wales to appear before tile par- lannd, 577; sets out for St. Omer, to meet the king of,llsoirnt, tire island of, taken by tihe English, 31. lirrnent of Paris to answer the comprtints of sonre England, t2; has an interview with him at Adres Caen, the baittle of, 77. Gascon lords, 176; makltes preparat.ins to renew the 586; deliversoip his daughter to him, ir.; proposes to Caen, tihe town otf, tnaken by Edward the Third, 77. war against tihe English, 177; gains over several cap- leadt an army into Lombardy against tile duke of Cahoirs, tlie towni of, ttrns to thie French interest., 181. tains of the free comrpanies, 178;.ends his chiallenge to Milan, 587; meets the emperor ofGermany at Rheims, Cabhours, Raouil de, debats tihe English unrlder sir Thomas the king of Englan1, 178; prepnares ir amamoent ion to conflr upon tie reasures to restore tire reunio of Daggewoortl in Brittany, 97. thIe irnvasion of England, 186; breaks up tile expedli- tie church, 603; sends emiassndors to pope onifico, thie witrh,03 tsend remssaolsution pope Bonsehbl, Calais, the battle of, between the English and French for- tion in conseqluence of the arrival of the dukie of Lan- to acquaint with te resolutions of tie asseby ces, 93. caster at Carlris, ib.; asnsembles a large force, to rake 607; sends the same to pope Benedict at Avignon, ib.; Vlais, tile town of, besieged by Edward the Third, 83; war on Aquitaine, 190; makes peace with the king informed of the imprisonment of Richard the Second surrendlers to him, 90. of Navarre, 197; enters into e alliance with don in the Tower of London, 620; relapses again into hie Jalverly, sir hIugh, joins tl-e prince of Wales in Acqui- Ienry, king of Castille, 206; makes peace with thIe dengeent, ib.; his council send persons over to taute with a large body of the firee' companies, 189; king of Nsavarre, 216; sends an army to invade tie visit his daugiter, queen Isabella, during tire confineendeavors to dissuade the bishop of Norwichl from en- duchy of Brittany, 216; enters into a truce with the ioet o the king, 621. toning Flanders with tihe forces under Iris command, English,; fits out a fleet for the invasion of Eng- Charle, lord of Navarre, caus es the ntable of France 327. land, which does considelrable risehief, 221; declares to be murdered, 97; obtains the king's pardon, 98. OGmibray, thie city of, besieged by Edward the Third. 34. war against the king of Navarre, 22; inrtintes tie Charhes, son of tie king of Navarre, marries the drughter Camrbridge, the earl of, sent to tihe assistance of the prince king of Scotland to make war on Enghmnd,22; seies of Henry of Castille, 245. (i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~f Hvaes n Aut hryes of Spasineal o nolo, a2oite5.nsa of WsIales iin Auoitaine, 179; makes war in Perigord, the possessions of the Icing of Navarre in Normandy, resof Spain, earl of Anoume, apointed consta&e,. 180; takes tile town of Bourdleilles, 185; leads a 236 sendsa ar embsador to the ring of Scotland, 246; ble of France, 97; murdered by order of Charles ot body ol'troopo to tie relief of Belleperche, 195; returns his embassador detnainedl by tie earl of Flanders, 246; Navarre, 98. to Er3glannd, 202; appointed to tile command of an orders the earl ofs Flanders to send rhe duke of Brittany Charter of peace, Iretween (a (o f England and the arnry to go to thie assistance of the king of Portugal outof iis rlonn so, 247; puts himself under obedience duke of Normandy, 130. agarinst tile kingi of Castille, 282; hnrrives at Lisbon. to Clement as tie lawful pope, 249; afflicted vith a Chateau-ceaux, the castle of, taken bythe lord Charles of,,; retinris withl his army, dlissatisfied with tihe con- singular disorder, 267; his last wordls and advice on Blois, 52. duct of the king of Portugal, 300, 359; created duke his death-bed 268; dies at Pris, 26. Chatel-on, te viscountde, claims te succession ofFoix, of York, 414. [For tihe remainin g particulars of lims Charles the Sixth, oh France, crowned at Rbeims, 270; 518; his claim acknowledged by tihe king of France, sehsarlesm t the aSsisthofFance, ofnd atRhekingofmsile; prince see York, the duke of sens a ay to tie assistance of t4e king of Cstille, 3; takes possession of the country as his inheritance, Camnerolles, the castle of, taken by the duke of Burgundy, 224 dotermines to nate sNr on Flaner; in behalf of 542; does homage to the king of France, 556. 147. the earl, 307 on account of a dream, ire chooses a fly- Cloatelheraut, the town of, taken by the French, 195. Campreny, tne lord of, captured by the captal of Buch, ing haurt for his tlevice, 308; endeavors to treat with Chatelmorant, sir John do, carries over from Englann'I ~~~~~~~~~truces tbr three years, signed by king Richard and his 130. tre Flemingc, 110; collects a large fbrre to reduce theme truces fsr three years, signed by king Richf rd and hef Canldorier, John, mayor of La Rochelle, obtains posses- to obedlience, 312; defeats the Flemish army at te allies 497; sentto urkey, to eat for the som o sion of the castle firom the English, hy stratatgem, 212. bridge of Commines, 117; receives the submission of tle duke of Burgundy and the other officers taken at Canterbury, the archbishop of, sent to Bristol by the duke Ypres and several other places, 318, et seq.; defeats the battle of Nicopoli, 590. of Gloucester and the Londoners, on an embassy to the Flemins, under Philip voa Artaveld, viti great Chatillorn, sir Hugh de, conquers Ponthieu fiom the Eng-. Bichard tire Second, 440; conducts him to London, slaughter, 321; eters Curetray, 322; receiv the sb- lis 179; captured at Abbe ill, 92; escapes om 44;: sent to France with an application from the Lon- mission of Brugea, lb.; retunns to France, 3n2; makes England, 221. doners to thie earl of Derby to return to England, 613; his entrance into Paris, 324; asnemhses a larpe army to Chaumont, the hermit, takel prisoner at Romorantin by condurcts the earl to London, 615. oppose theobishop of Norwich in Flanders, 30; takes tie prince of Wales, 101. Caponnal, Cnaponnel de, liberated by exchange, 194. Caissel, 132; an, Bourbourg, 335; returns to France, Chavigny, the lord of, taken prisoner by the prince of Captal, tile title explniamnedl, 101, ete. ib.; enters unto a truce with England, 91; prepares to Wales, 101; quits the pariy of the prince of Wales for Carciihart, the foirt of, taken by the English under shir renew the war, 141; narriestie lady Isabella, of Have- that of the king of France, 183. Tl'hrnas Trivet, 243. ha, 348; rmakes groat preparations to invade England, Chauvigny, the town of, in Poitou, taken by sir Bertrand Carenntan, the town of, taken by Edward the Third, 76; 402; promises to assist thIe Iking of Castille, 404: joins du Guesclin, 230. retaken byp tihe French under the lord de Coucy, 237. iris imnament at Sluys, 412; puts of iris design, and Cherbourg, the town of, burnt and pillaged by Edward the Carlaix, tile town of, taken by the lord Charles of Blois, disbands iis army, 414; mares preparations to assist Third, 76; besieged by sir Bertrand du GuescIin, 226. 59. the kine of Catille, 415; prepares another armament Chimay, the town of, pillaged by tihe Frencht, 37. Co rrgne, sir John de, kills James le Gris in a mortal com- against England, unter sir Oliver do Clison, 428; his Civray, the town of, in Poitou, taken by sir Bertrand da bat, 415. designs frustrated by the arrest of sir Oliver by the duke GueociI, 215. Carqnuefou, the town of, taken by the lord Charles of Blois, of Brittany, 430; receives an insulting defiance from Civray, the battle of, 415 52tmdue.ofGede,43comnsteduef Clement the Sixth, pope. dies at Avignon, 97. 5a. ~ I ~~~~~~~~~the dukre of Gueldres, 433; commands the duke of Cassel, tie battle of, 25. BitntorsoetsiOlvrdCitothpacnCleme nt the Seventh, pope, elected during the lifetime of CnsECel, tile battle of, 25. 1 Brittany to restore to sir Oliver de Clisson the places Clmen the Seventh, po, Casseres, tihe town (rf, taken by the count de Foix, 362. whic li he had unjustly taken ti'om him fbr his ransom, rba he St, wi causes a chism in te church Cassuriel, tile castle of, in Auvergne, taken by Amerigot 48; receives ity answer from him, 438; prom- 249; is acknowledged by the king of France, &c., lb.; Marcel, 248. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~goes to Avignon, lb.; presents the duke of Anjou with I'Learmel, 248. hises to assist the duchess of Brabant against the duke goes to Avion, ib.; preses the duke of jou with Castillon, tile town of, talken by tie duke of Anjou, 230. of Juliers, 419; Invites the duke of Ireland whio had the territories of the queen of Naples, hich se had eervole, Arnauld de, the archipriest, collects a body of been banie Enan by the duke of Gloucester and given up to his disposal, 250; dies at Avignon, ib. armnei mnen and pillages Provence, 111; captured at ris party) to reside in France, 467; prepares an army Clerot, the town of, in Beauvois, taken by tie capl the D-tttle of' Brighals, 1.26. of Buch, 117. tIre rttle of' Bninais, 136. to invade Guelderland, 476; sendls embassadors to ex- f B 117. Chialons, the town of, unsuccessfully attacked by sir Peter plain his intentions to the emperor of Germany, 477; Clermont. the cardinal of, elected pope, under the name of innocent the Sixth, 97. Aclnsey, 119. receives frvorabto answers, 478; enters the duchy of o on t the itiers, 10. ChiJleons, tirecelishop of, slain at the battle of Poitiers, 05. Juliers, 487 receis te submission of te duke of Clermot, lord John, slain t the battle of Poitin, 104. Clhandl s, sir John. receives the lands of St. Sauveur-le- Gueidres, 488; returns to France, lb.; takes upon hims Clisson. tie lord of, captured at Vannes, 63; exchauged Clsonth lord Stfof, captureaed at Vann es, 63;exhn. e Vicornte as a gift floom the king of England, 133; ap- self the government of France on coming of age, 489; for lord Stafford 64; beheaded at Paris, 64 pointed regent over all the p ssions of te king o es emb dors to te Iing of Castille, to relnon- Clisson, sir Oliver de, besieges the town of Becherel. 215; al~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~lis, ti O ier possbesieges ofthe towng of Beheei,, 215;adst Englnnd in Franca, 134; appointed constable of Gui- strate with himn on the marriage of his son, the infanta besieges a oche-sur-on, 217; takes te town o enne, 130; sent to tire assistance of the lord John do of Spain, ith tse idauhterofthe duke of Lancaser, Dinnt, 259; appointed constable of France, 270; be5Ionttibrt in Brittany, 148; prevents a peace belng eon- 489; enters into a truce vith the king of England,493; sieges Brest, 84; iris fleet dispersed by a storm on hie eludedl betweemn John de Montlbrt and the lord Charles orders tie dute of Ireland to quit France, 418; visits voyage to Sluys, to join the armament of the king of of Blnrois, 150; defeats tine army of lord Charles at thie tine pope at Avignon. lb.; visits Montpelier, &c., 499.. France,413; obtains the liberation of John of' Brittan, battle of Auray, 151; advises the prinuce of Wales not et seq.; receives the homage of the count de Foix at frons England end marries Iim to his deo item, 4311 to persevere in his design of enforcing the founge or Toulouse, 505; travels with great speed firom Mont- makes preparations to invade England, 425, 429; orhonrth-tnrx, ane fSailing to succeed retires to his country pelier to Paris, for a wager against the duke of Ton- rested by the duke of Brittany at the cestle of Ermine, reat, 171; recalledi by the prince, and sent. to mnalte wvar raine, lb.; reproves the count d'Ostreva nt for accepting 410; obtains Iis liberty, 431; complains to the king of on mine French and Gascon lords, 178; takes the town tire order of tIre Garter from the king of England, 828 France of the conduct of tie duke of Brittany, and ofI'lerielres, and several others in the Toulosinal, 150, proposes to marcs to Italy to restore the union of the offers to resign his office of constable, 433; retires te at seq; appointed seneschia' of Poitou, 187; invades chords, 590; receiver embessadore from tie king of Montlehery, 413; takes the towns o' St. Male ann 1,. 6128 TINDEX. Matthieu de Fine-PNterne, 468; hlis castles restored to Damazan, the castle of, taken by the duke of Normandy, sir Hugh Spencer, ib.; shuts himself up in tristel him by thb duke of Brittany, 470; waylaid and severely 74. against the queen and her party, 18; taken prisoner by wounred by sir Peter de Craon, 645; on account of Dammartin, the earl of, slain at the battle of Poitiers, 106. them, ib.: confined in Berkeley castle, lb.; publicly his wealth he incurs the suspicions and hatred of the Dampmartin, the lord de, resists the dukes of Berry and deposed and sentenced by the people of England to be dukes of terry and Burgundy, 548; treated with great Burgundy in their attempts to break off the marriage imprisoned during his life, 19. harshness by the duke of Burgundly, 553; retires from of his daughter with the son of the lord de la Riviere, Edward the Third, crowned king of England, 19; receives Paris, ib.; summoned to appear before the parliament 554. a defiancp from Robert Bruce, king of Zcutland, ib: of Paris, 555; not answering the summons, he is ban- Damme, the town o, taken by the men of Ghent, 305, leads a large army to oppose the invasion of the Scots, ished the kingdom, lb.; wages a violent warfare against 347; taken by the king'of France, 349. 21; returns, 23; marries the lady Philippa of Hainault, the duke of Brittany, m; makes peace with him, 573. David the Second, king of Scotland, retires to France, 52; 24; enters into a truce with the Scots, 24; does homClisson, sir Walter (he, slain at Brest, 50. enters into an alliance with king Philip, lb.; re- age to the king of France for the duchy of Guienne, Cobourne, the castle of, in Limousin, taken by a robber turns to,Scotland, 53; assembles' an army to invade 26; raises an army to invade Scotland, 28; takes Ed of the name of Bacon, 92. England, ib.; takes the town of Durham, 54; besieges inburgh and several othler places, ib. et seq; returns to Cocherel, the battle of, in Normandy, 144. VW'ark castle, il.; returns to Scotland, 55; invades England, lb.; takes measures to make war on the king Combat, the noted, between thirty Bretons and thirty England a second time, 84; defeated and taken pris- of France, 29; solicits the friendship of the Flemings, English, 92. oner at Nevil's Cross, 85; sent to the tower of London, 30; passes over to Flanders, and makes great alliances Combst between sir Bertrand du Guesclin and sir Nicholas 87; liberated by a treaty of peace, 110; comes to Eng- in the empire, 31; appointed vicar-general of the emDagworth, at Rennes, 111, land to meet the king of Cyprus, 139; enters into a pire of Germany, 32; sends his defiance to tie king of Combat between sir Aymon de Pommriers and sir Foulque truce with the king of England, 55; iis death, 216. France, 33; besieges Cambray, lb.; marches into d'Archiac, before the king of France at Villeneuve Death, remarko"!e, of a soldier, who had sacrilegiously France, 34; returns to Hainault, 36; assumes the arms 138. robbed the church of Ronay, in Champagne, 121. of France, 37; returns to England, lb.; sails with a Combat. remarkable one at Larre, between the garrisonof Deed of arms, between sir Thomas Harpurgan and sir large armament to Flanders, 42; defeats the French at Lourde and Tarbe, 365. John des Barres, 473. sea, and arrives at Ghent, 43; besieges Tourmay, ib.; Combat, a mortal, at Paris, between sir John de Carogne Deed of arms, between five English and five French returns to England in consequence of it truce being and James le Gris, 415. knights, before the duke of Lancaster at Bordeaux,. entered into,48; receives the homage of lord John de Comecte, the town of, in Turkey, taken by storm by the 492. Moatfolt for the duchy of Brittany, 51; assembles an combined Christian armies under the king of Hungary Deputations from the different towns of England wait on army to oppose an invasion of the Scots, 53; is enaand John of Burgundy, 578. Richard the Second at Windsor to lay their grievances moured of the countess of Salisbury, 54; sends a force Comfit Box (drageoir) a spice box used in the dessert of before him, and to demand redress. 440 to the assistance of the lord do Montfort, 56; makes the great, some account of it, 504, note. Derby, the earl of, appointed to the command of a large great feasts out of affection for the countess of SalisCommissionors sent to France, to execute the condition of army to go into Gascony, 65; takes Bergerac and sev- bury, &i; sends reinforcements into Brittany, 61; heads the peace between France and England, 134. eral other places in Gascony, 66, et seq; created duke a large army into Birittany, 63; besieges the town of Conmmissioners appointed to examine into the conduct of of Lancaster, 95. Vannes, ib.; besieges and takes several other places, the managers of the finances under Richard the Sec- Derby, Henry earl of, marries the lady Mary, daughter of lb. et seq.; eaters into a truce with the French, and end, 441; commit sir Simon Burley to the Tower, 441; the earl of Hereford, 271; appointed the lieutenant of returns to Englaed, 64; institutes the order of the garcondemn him to death, 441; appoint a new council for his father, the duke of Lancaster, during his absence ter, 65; fbunds the chapel of St. George at Windsor, the king, 442. in Spain 399; challenged by the ear-marshal of Eng- lb.: sends his defiance to tihe king of France, 65; ap Concarneau, the town of, taken by sir Bertrand dt Gues- land in the presence of the king, 603; banished the points the earl of Derby to the command of an expeclin, 216. kingdom, 606; goes to Paris, 606; the people of Eng- dition into Gascony, ib.; heads a large army into NorConferences held at Avignon between the French and land rise in his favor, 612: receives a request from tie mandy, 76; takes the town of Barfleur, and several English to negotiate a peace, 98. people of London to return to England, 613; arrives others, ib. et seq.; marches toward Paris, destroying Conferences held at Leulinghen for the same purpose, 561. in Londlon, 615; undertakes the government of Eng- the country on his way, 73; dist'essed to 6find a passage Connie, the castle of taken by the duke of Burgundy, 147. land, and determines to seize the throne, lb.; macchns over the Somme, 79; is conducted to one by a peasant Conquet, the castle of, taken by the forces of the lord toward Bristol against Ricihard the Second, lb.; takes named Gobin Agace, lb.; engages the French undes Charles of Blois, 58; retaken by sir Walter Manney, lb. him prisoner, and conducts him to London, ib.; king Philip, at Crecy, and totally dAbats them, 81, eA Constance, the lady, daughter of don Pedro, king of Cas- crowned king of England under the title of Henry the seq.; besieges the town of Calais, *83; solicits the tille, married to the duke of Lancaster, 206. Fourth, 619; in danger of being murdered by the earls friendship of tie Flemings, 87; obtains possession of Convalle, the castle of, taken by the French under sir of Huntingdon and Salisbury, 622. Calais, 90; orders six respectable citzens, who, for the Walter de Passac, 185. Derval, the castle of, besieged by sir Bertrand do Guesclin, ecuity of te oter inhabitants, had genously vol Copeland, John, captures the king of Scotland at thie bat- 217: relieved by sir Robert Knolles, 218. unteered to submit themselves to his Mdensure, to ba tie of Nevil's Cross, 86; delivers him up to th: en Desponde de, a rich merchant, employed to negotiate put to death, 91; is dissuaded from his purpose by tihs of England by~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~~~~~~~u tordeath 9o; king Edadihowsat suade, idetrcmrha, ermplydt neoiat queni;odrpsalIte olbyaianso h toly of England by order of king Edward, who was at the ransom of John of Burgundy and his companions ue, b.; orders al te old inhabitnt of the t Calais. 87. from th sultan Bjzet,. to be expelled, lb.; makes his public entry into Cfrom the sultan Bajazet, 59'2. Corasse, the lord of, said to have been served by a familiar Destournay, tihe lord, takes the town of Oudenarde by lais, lb.; enters into a truce with the kingof France, ib, spirit called Orthon, 183. the expense o.,s establishment at Calais, 92, note; Cormicy, the castle of, taken by sir Bartholomew Burgh- stratagem, Mfights incognito near Calais. under the banner of sh Devereux, sir John, takes the castle of Uzes, in Auvergne, ersh. 128. 205. Waiter BManny, 931 takes sir Eustace de Ribeaumont Coucy, the lord de, declines taking any part in the wars Dighos, the town of, in Galici, surrenders to the duke prisoner. 94; presents him with a chaplet of pearls is between the ings of Frane and Englan, 15 ed fthe town of, in Galicia, surrenders te the duke between the kings of France and England, 198; leads. acse' ry 0 honor ofhis prowess, ib.; defeats the Spaniards at sea, oa Lancaster's army, 109. large army into Austria, 222: returns without having Dinant; the town of, in Brittany, taken by the forces of the 5; leads a large army int France duri the miprisDinant,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~5 thea tono. inrg Brmyinttany, taken b th~e forces fth effected anything, 223; takes the town of Batyeux, 237; onment of king John in England, 123; besieges I lord Charles of Blois. 58;1 taken by the English tinder takes the towe of Evreux, 239; appointed governor of rdRheims, 126; takes the town of Tonnerre, 158; enters Picardy, 262; appeases the Parisian insurgents, 293; Edw ard the Third, 52; surrender s to the lord Charles into a composition with the duke of Burgundy to spare de Montfort, 152; taken by sir Bertrand du Guesclin, endeavors to gain over the duke of Brittany to mthe take y ir Oliver d Cishis duchy, 129; proceeds toward Paris, destroying the Frenck interest, 469; accompatnies the lord Lewis of' n aYokbtente arhr o a country in his march, ib.; enters into a treaty of peace Anjou, king of Sicily, to Arragon, 497; refuses to ac- Dissensions at York between e archers of England and with the king of France, 130; entertains him at Cacept the office of constable of France after the disgrace the Hainaulters. 20. lais. 133; returns to England, lb.; declines embarking ceDermane, sir William de, preaches the justice of the cause of sir Oliver de Clisson, 559; defeats a large Turkish Domans, sir Willim de preaches thejustice of the cuse in the croisades, 140; receives a defiance from the king force near Nicopoi, 581; captured at the battle of of the French king, 181. of France, 178; sends reinforcements into Ponthieu., Niconli, 588; dies at Bursay in Turkey, 597. Doublet, Oliver, beheaded at Rouen, 99. &c., 179: sends to Brabant and Hainault for assistCouy, the lord Raoul do, captured at Mauconsei, 116. Douglas, sir Archibrild, defeated and captured by sir ance, 181; enters into alliance with the king of Na Ooulogne sir Robert de, slain in a skirmish atTournehem, Thomas Musgrave. near Melrose, 234. varre, 182; sends the duke of Lancaster with a large ~~159~~~~~~~0. ~Douglas, lordJames, departs for the Holy Land to fulfil body of men to Caas, 186; pplstosir obertde Na190o body of men to Calais, 186; applies to sir Robertde NsCouncil of State, a new one appointed for Richard the the request of Robert Bruce the e First, 24: killed in mur for his assistance, ib.; enters into a truce with the Second by the commissioners of accounts, 442. Spain, fiting lgam.st the Sarcens, ib. Scots, 198; makes peace with the Flemings, 206; preCourtray, the town of, turns to the interest of the earl of Dpaouls, lord iliam takes the cstle f Edinburgh by pres an army to invade France, 207; sails from South Flanders, 278; besieged by the men of Glhent under stratagem, 45; taken prisoner at the bttle of Nevil's ampton, but is obliged to return on accont'ofcontrary Peter dou Bu, 279; burnt by ordeCross. 86, note. winds, 213; enters into a truce with the French, 222 Franeter Bos, 523. burnt by order of the king of UDouras, the earl of, invades England with a large force, dit hene 24. France, 323. dies at Shene, 224. 480; takes the pennon of sir 1lenry Percy before NewCoutantin, the battle of, between the French and English, 480; takes te pennon if sir Henr Percy before New Edward, the Black Prince of Wales, his valor at tie bat 309. castle, 481; slain at tie battle of'Otterbourne, 482. tie of Crews, 82; heads an army into Gascony, 98; in Ceaon, the lord of, taken prison by the prince of Wales at Dream, remarkable, of Charles the Sixth of France, 308. vades the county of Berry, 100; takes the town of 11e Romorantin, 101. Drue, the castle of, taken by the duke of Normandy, 147. morantin, 101; defeats and captures the king of France Craon, sir Peter de, incurs the displeasure of the king of Duel, at Paris, between James le Gri and John de C at the battle of Poitiers, 105; embarks for England France, 535: retires to Brittany, ib.; waylays:and en- roge, 414. with his prisoner kingr John, 110: arrives in Londond Dumbarton, the castle of, taken by Edward the Third, 28 t deavors to assassinate sir Oliver de Clisson, 545; takes Dun the w of, b b ard e d, b.; accompanies the king of England in an expedi refuge in Brittany, 547; endeavors to make his peace lm e town ofdsodyichard tu e tion against France, 124; sets out for Aquitaine, 138; wDmfermline, the kitown of France, 575 destroyed by Richardin the S-courts makes preparations to assist Don Pedro, king of Caswith time king of France, 575; prosecuted in lbscourts on.33 ill5:~me h igo aoc o~ass of Paris by tie duchess of Anjoui, ib.:; judgment being cond, 53. hle, 157; promises the king of Majorca to assist him given against him, he is committed to prison. 577: ob- Dun kirk, the town of, taken by the bishop of Norwich, aga inst the king tf Arragon, 160: offends the lord tains his liberty, ib.; accompanies IHenry, earl of Der- 3c) d'Ahbret, ib.' sets out on his expedition into Spain. by, into England, 578. Duras, the town of, taken by storm by the duke of Anion, 161; takes the town of Saivntierra, 163; defeats the Crecy, the battle of, 81. 231. army of Don Henry de Trastamrire, king of Castille, Creil, the town of, taken by the king of Navarre, 116. Durs, the lord d, cptred by the French under the duke at the battle of Navarreta, 165 takes the town of Na. Croisade, preached against the Saracens, 29; aguinst the of Anjou, 229; turns to the French interest, but quits jarra, 167; sets out on his return to Aquitaine, diSfreebooting companies by pope Innocent the Seventh, it afterward, lb. pleased with the conduct of Don Pedro, 109: arrives 136. Durazzo, the lord Charles d, defends the kingdom of Na- with his army at Bordeaux, 170; endeavors to impose Oroquart, a page, turns robber, 92; killed by the fall of his pies against the pretensions of the duke of Anjou, 296; the fouage, or a hearth-tax, in Aquitaine, 171; excites horse, ib. put to death in Hungary, 346. the discontent and opposition of many of the lords ou Durham, the city of, taken and destroyed by the Scots Ortoy, the town of, taken by Edward the Third, 80; re Duhm the ity of, taken and destoyed by the Scots Gascony, ib.; summoned to appear before the parliataken by sir Hugh de Chatillon, 179. 55; [This account supposed to be fabulous, iS. lote1 meat of Paris to answer their complaints, 176; his resolute ansner to the summons, lb;; prepares to make D..'war onaFrance. 177; recalls sir John Chandos from his retirement, and appoints him to the commanu o! a large force against the French and Gascon horde, 178; D0ozewosu[n, sir Thomas, sent into Brittany to the EnNUiROHsthe town of, taken by Edward the Third, 28; reeives suor from England undne r the earls of Camassistance of the countess de Moatford, 65; taken retaken by sir William Douglas, 45; destroyed by bridge and Pembroke, 180; prepares to oppose the prisoner before La Roche d' Errien, 88; killed in Brit- Richard the Second, 332. dukes of Anjou and Berry, 11f8; takes the town of Litany, 97. Edward the First, kingof England, his character and suc- mogee by storm, 200: on the death of his eldest son, laire, John, a citizen of Calais, his patriotic conduct du- cesses, i5: his singular request on his death-bed, 29. Edward gives up the duchy of Aquitaine to the care of ting the siege of that city by Edward the Third, 91. Edward the Second, his character, 15; an account of his his brother the duke of Lancaster, and returns to EngN~.keith, the castle of, taken by Edward the Third, 28. family relations, iS.; influenced in hi. government by lnd, 203; his deaths, 2t; visits the count d'Aunagsu INDEX. at Tarbes, 860; visited by the count de Foix, W61; ap- the forts occupied by the free companies, 453; marrNt Grave, the town of, besieged by theBrabanters, 468. points sir Peter Arnaut governor of Lourde, ib. his ward, the daughter of the count of Boulogne, to Gravelines, the town of. taken by the bishop of Norwiclb Elmham, sir William, committed to the Tower by the the duke of Berry, 492; does homage to the king of 527. commissioners of accounts, on a charge of having France at Toulouse for the county of Foix, 505; his Gravelle, the lord of, beheaded at Rouen, 160. sold Bourbourg and Gravelines to the French, 335. death, 535; and funeral, 537. Gregory the Eleventh, pope, elected at Avignon, 902; enEnglish, thie, their manners in the time of Froissart, 386. Foix, Evan of, burnt to death at a masked dance in Paris, deavors to make peace between the kings of Franss Entena, the town of, in Galicia, surrenders to the duke 557.. and England, 219; removes to Rome, 235; his death, ib. of Lancaster, 422. Fongasse, Laurence, an embassador from Portugal to Griffith, a Welshman, commands a troop of the free coemEscaud(ure, the castle of, in Hainault, taken and destroy- England, relates to the duke of Lancaster the events panies, and pillages several places in France, 112. ed, 41 which had happened in Portugal after the departure Gris, James le, killed in a duel at Paris by sir John do Espaign, the bourg d', his remarkable strength, 366. of the earl of Cambridge, 393. Carogne. 414. Estampes, the count d', sent to endeavor to win over the Fontenay le Comte, the castle of, taken by sir Bertrand du Gueldres, the duke of, promises to assist the king of eng duke of Brittany to the French interest, 463. Guesclin, 213. land against France, 181; enters into an alliance with Eu, the earl of, taken prisoner by the English under Ed- St. Forget, the castle of, taken by sir Walter de Pascal, 384. England, 433, 458; sends an insulting defiance to the ward the Third. 77; beheaded at Paris, 97, Forsath, in Gascony, taken by the earl of Derby, 67. king of France, 413; endeavors to obtain possession of Eu, the count de. See ARToIs, PHILIP D'. Fouage, the nature of the tax so called, 170, note. three castles belonging to his duchy, which had been Eyan, of WVales, receives a naval command under the Friesland, invaded by the count of Hainault. 584. sold to the duke of Brabant. 458; obtains possession king of France, 209; defeats the English in the island Froissart, sir John, his preface to his chronicles, 14; his of Grave, 468; defeats the Brabanters at the bridgeof of Guernsey, ib.; sent to Spain to solicit assistance reasons for visiting the count de Foix, 358; sets out for Ravestein, 476; makes peace with the king of France from king I-P.nry, ib.; insults the earl of Pembroke at Bearn, in company with sir Espaign du Lyon, who and the duchess of Brabant, 488; taken prisoner ia St. Anidero, 209; blockades the town of La Rochelle, informs him of many particulars relative to the wars Prussia, 490; delivered by the Teutonic knights. lb.; 212; takes the castle of Soubise, ib.; besieges lMont- in Guienne, 361; arrives at Orthies, 369; becomes ac- returns to Prussia to keep his faith with his capturer, main-sur-mer, 231; assassinated by John Lambe, 239. quainted with the Bastot de Mauleon, 372; his descrip- and obtains L. s liberty, 491. Evreux, the county of, subdued for the king of France by tion of the manners of the English and Gascons in his Guerrande, the town of, taken by the forces of the lord sir Bertrand du Guesclin, 225. time, 386; travels to Middleburgh, hi Zealand, 391; Charles of Blois, 58. Europe, desolated by the plague, 96. receives information relativeto the affairs of Portugal, Guesclin, sir Bertrand du, chosen commander of the Eustace de St. Pierre, a citizen c, Calais, his patriotic lb.: is informed of the particulars of the arrest of sir French forces in Normandy, 145; defeats the forces of conduct during the siege of that town, 91. Oliver de Clisson by the duke of Brittany, 437; returns the king of Navarre at the battle of Cocherel, 146; to France from Beam, in company with the lord de la obtains possession of the castle of Roulleboise, 146; ~~~~F. B~~~Riviere and sir William de la Tremouille, 493; goes to goes to the assistance of the lord Charles of Blois, 148, HoIlland, 494; returns to Paris to witness queen Isa- taken prisoner at the battle of Auray, 15t; ransomed, FAMINE, a great one, in France, 117. bella's public entrance into that city, 494; visits Eng- 154;: leads an army into Spain, lb.; appointed constd Faucille, John de, a citizen of Ghlent, retires from thetown land in the reign of Richard the Second, 565; pre- ble of Castille, 155; goes to the assistance of Henry of after tile murder of thie bailiff by the Whitehoods, sents his book of love poems to the king, 568. Castille against don Pedro and the prince of Wales, 254; dies at Lisle, 281. 161; captured at the battle of Navaretta, 167, obtains Fay, sir Godemar du, defends the ford of Blnschetaque G. his ransom. 170; joins king Henry before Toledo, 172; against Edward the Third and his army, 79; defeated again appointed constable of Spain, 174; joins the by the Engish, ib.; narrowly escapes being put to GAnEr.LLE, the, a tax upon salt, imposed through France, duke of Anjou in an expedition against the prince of death, 83. 99. Wales, 197; invades the viscounty of Limoges, 200; Felton, sir William, killed in Spain, 164. Galande, the castle of, in Brittany, taken by sir Bertrand takes the town of Yvrier, lb.; appointed constable of Felton, sir Thomas, captured by tihe French under the du Guesclin, 216. France, 201;defeats the forces of sir Robert Knolles at dure of Anjou, 229. Garliz, Gomez, beheaded by order of don Pedro. 168. Pontvalin, 202; takes the castle of Monmorillon and Fenestrages, the lord Broquart de, takes the town of Hans, Gars, tihe abhb6 de, beheaded at Amiens, 117. several other places in Poitou, 210, et seq.; heads an 120; defreated and captured by sir Eustace d'Ambre- Gascons, the, oppose the attempt of the prince of Wales army against Brittany, 216; takes the town of Rennes ticourt, 121. to impose a hearth tax on the country, 171. and several others, lb., et seq.: sent with a large army Ferdinand, king of Portugal, declares war against John, Gascons, the, their manners in the time of Froissart, 386. against she king of Navarre, 221; makes war on Siltking ot'f (Castille, 282; applies to England for assistance, Geneva, the cardinal the, elected pope during the life-time tany, 248; dies at Auvergne, 262; the etymology of his ib.; takes the field against the Spaniards, 299; makes of Urban the Sixth, 249. name, 437, see also 438, note. peace with the king of Castille, 300; marries his daugh- Genoa, its state and condition in the timeofFroissart, 387. Gueselin, sir Oliver du, made prisoner by the garrison of ter the infanta to him, ib.; marries'the wife of one of Genoese, thie, raise a large army to invade Barbary, 514; Cherbourg, 242. h;s knights, 393. besiege the town of Africa, 523; break up their expe- Guincamp, thie town of, taken by sir Bertrand du Gues Feorol, the town of, taken by tie king of Portugal, 436. dition, 529. clin, 216. Flanders. tihe origin of the civil wars in, 402. Gente, sir Guisebert, a citizen of Ghent, killed for having Guistelles, the lord de, appeases an insurrection at Bruges Flannders, the nobility of, make war on the men of Ghent, endeavored to make peace between the town and the against the French troops. 414. 38. earl of Flanders, 293. Olarners, the earl of, slain at the battle of Crecy, 82. Genville, the earl of, captured at the battle of Poitiers, 105.H slranders, Lenis earl of, betrothed through tie constraint St. George, the chapel of, at Windsor, founded by Edward of tile Flemings, to Isabella, daughter of the king of the Third, 64. England, 87; escapes into France, 88; marries the Germany, the emperor of, attends a great assembly at HAINAULT, the country of, invaded by the French, 37.39;. daugihter of the duke of Brabant, 94: detains an em- Rheims, with the king of France, to consult upon in danger of being pillaged by the Bretons belonging bassador from tihe king of France to tihe king of Scot- means to restore the union of the church, 603; deposed, to the army of Charles the Sixth, of France, 023. land, 246; supports the cause of pope Urban in Isis 624. Haintult, sir John o, offers his assistance to Isabella, dominions, against the Clementists, 249; endeavors to Ghent, the town of, besieged by the earl of Fianders, 278, queen of Ediwarda the Second, 17; escorts her to Eng-:land, 17; assists her at the siege of Bristol, 18; assists put down the Whitehoods, which had been revived at 290. Ghent. 253; collects a force to make war on them, 255; Ghent, the men of, put to death Jacob von Artaveld, 72; the king of Ergland in the expedition against the makes peace with them, 257; comes to Ghent at the revive the custom of the Whitehoods, and elect John Scoes, 19; Iis territories invaded by the king of France, entreaty of the inhabitants, 259; endeavors to prevail Lyon their captain, 252; apply to the earl of Flanders 37; appointed governorof Flainault during the absence on them to lay aside the Whitehoods, lb.; causes Juhn to preserve their franchises, 253; murder the bailiff of of the earl in Engksnd, 38: quits the allegiance of Pruniaux to be beheaded, 261; goes to Bruges at the Ghent, 253; endeavor to make their peace with tie England for that of France, 73. Eangult land earl oft-her of Francep, quen.o request of the inhabitants, 276; renews the war with earl, 254; enter into alliance with other towns of Flan- Hiult, William earl of, fer of Piippa, queen of tie men of Ghent, lb.; besieges the town, 278; defeats ders, 255; choose new leaders, after the death of John England, his death, 31. the men of Ghent under Rassa de Hlarzelle, and burns Lyon, lb.; enter into alliance with the town of Ypres, Hainault, William earl of, son of the above, sends his denbody of them in the church of Nevele, 279; besieges 256; besiege Oudenarde, lb.; march to attack the earl fiance to tiln king of France, 38; takes the town of again the town of Ghent, 291; defeated by tihe men of of Flanders, in Dendremonde, 257; make peace with Aubenton. &c., lb.; visits England, 38; Germany, 41; Ghent at Bruges, 303; escapes with great difficulty to the earl, 257; take the town of Oudenarde 260; sur- rnturns to Iainault, 42; assembles a large army to Lisle, 305; applies to the king of France for assistance, render it to the earl's fbrces, 261; destroy the houses of raise the siege of' Thin-I'Evfque, lb.; burns the town 123; becomes an object of hatred to the English. 326; the nobility, lb.; put to deatih John Boule, one of their of Seclin, &c. 44; takes the town of St. Amand, 47; applies to the duke of Burgundy for assistance to op- commanders, 277; take several towns in Flanders, 278; Utrecht, 73; slain in Friesland, lb. pose the bishop of Norwich, 326; dies at St. Omer, 336; defeated with great slaughter at Nevele, where several Hainault, tie count of, raises an army to invade Friesland the ceremony of Ihis funeral, 336. hundreds of them are burnt in a church, 279; besiege 583; overruns the country, and disbands his forces, 585. Flemings, tine, under Colin Donnequin, defeated at Cassel Courtray, 280; greatly distressed for provisions, but Harcourt, the earl of, beheaded at Roiuen, 99. by Philip of Valois, 25. relieved by the men of Liege, 300; defeat thie earl of Harcourt, the young earl of, makes peacewith the duke Flemings, under Jacob von Artaveld, promise to assist Flanders at Bruges, 304; take the town of Bruges and oh Normandy, 120. Edward the Third against the king of France, 37; re- several others, lb. et seq.; besiege Oudenarde, 307; en- Harcourt, sir Godfrey de, banished from France, 72; acmain firm to their alliance, notwithstanding tile solici- denvor to iarm an alliance with England, 309; defeated companies the king of England is an expedition into tations of tihe king of France, 39. at the pass of Commines. under Peter du Bois, 316; Normandy, 76; created one of the marshals of his Flemings, thie, under Robert d'Artois, flee in confusion defeated, under Philip vus Artaveld, at the battle of army, 76; defeats a body of men from Amiens on tneir from before St. Omer, 48. Rosebecque, 321; endeavon to make peace with the march to join the king of France, 79; carries on the Flemings, the, refuse to disinherit the earl of Flanders. 72; earl, 324; take the town of Ardembourg, 525; assist wvr in Normandy for the king of England 139; de constrain him to be betrothed to the daughter of the thie English at the siege of Ypres, 330; defeat a party hinted and slain at the battle of Coutantin, 110. king of England, 87; besiege the town of Aire, 89; of the French at Ardembourg, 343; tInke Damme, 347; larcourt, sir John, returns to France from England, where defeated by the English off the island of Bas, 205; make peace witl the duke of Burgundy, the heir of he hid been as a hostage ibr king John, 177. make peace with the king of England, 206. Flanntiers, 356. Harlestone, sir William, appointed governor ofCherboumg, Foix, Gaston Phiebus, count of, his passion for nogs, 3; Gloucester, the duke of, [for the preceding particulars of 226; defeats a body of French troops uinder sir Wil defeats the infamous Jacquerie of Beauvoisis, with this prince see BUvcsaINGHA, THEr EARL OF,] his crea- liam de Bourdes, whom hlie captures, 227. grealt slaughter, at Meaux, 113; visits the prinnce of tion, 414; conibfederates with the duke of York and Harsley, William se, a phusicint of France, cures king Wales at Turbes. 361; remits, at the entreaty of the others against Richard the Second and his council, 439; Charles tihe Sixth of France of his first derangement, princessof Wales, sixty thousand francs of tie ransom defeats the king's forces, under the duke of Ireland, 556; dies at Laon, 556. of the count d'Armagnac, ib.; taikes the town of Cas- near Oxford, 445; thwarts the king in his intentions of IHarzelle, Rasse de, chomsen one of the commanders of the sereo'from th e Armagnncs, 362; his riches and liberality, malking peace with the king of France, 534: plots the Whitethoe(ls of Ghent, 255; talses several towns ins 565; murders sir Peter Amnaut, 567. destruction of the king, 593; instigates tie Londoners Finntiers, 578; killed in an engagement with the earl E'oix, thue count de, obtains Maivoisin from the king of to petition for a repeal of the war taxes, 594; arrested of Flanders, 279. France as a gift, 367; origin of the wars between him by order of the king, 507; put to deaths at Calais, 602. llarzerles, the lordt de, killed at Ghent, 340. ani nine Armagnacs, 568;: his cisaacter and manner of Gomegaines, the lord of, dlefbatedi and taken prisoner on his Saspres, the townvu ol burnt by the French, 38. life, 569; kuhn his son and heir Gston. lb.; his manner vway to join the king of EHngland before Rheims, 127. Haovwkwood, sir Jodan, mu English commannder, enters into of keeping the fBast of St. Nicholas, 372; rapidly and Goodman, James, chosen leader of the in/famous Jac- thi service of Unman tie Sixth in Stair, 250. in a secret manner informed of the battle of Aijuba- querie of Beauvoisis, 112. Heily, sir James ie, takes prisoner hr the Trss at ris rota. 383; grants permission to tine French army to Guy ha Forest, tine castle of, taken by sir Walter Manny, battle of Nictpol, 588; sent to France witl infinrma I)aSs thruihIs his territories, on their way to Castille, 59; surrenders to sir Bertrand du Guesclin, 217. turn of tin defeat of the as-say of Julu of htrgsiismhy 453; mnagnificently entertains the duske of Bousrbonon Gramat, the town of, taken by sir John Chandos, 184. 5.; nhtaims Isis hihnanly, 591; returns to Frmnce, 5 5. his rmturn toward France, 451; prevents the count d'- Grammont, the town of, in Fianders, taken by the lord ti'- ]ennebos, the torn os, in Brittanny. tnken by tsre iearl u l Ammagnac from succeeding in his attempt to purchase Anghein, 29 Stonuiort, is tin iliu of Inintany, 20: hisi red by he IND E X. lord Charles of Blois, 56, 59; taken by sir Bertrand du the prince of' Wales, 122; tile French council refrse to persuades the' king of En-21and to make peace wl1G, rec!in, 217. ratify. it, ib.; sent to the Tower of London, 124; oh- the duke of Normandy, 130; dies of the plague, 131 flenry the Fourth, of England, crowned during the life- tains his liberty, and returns to France, 133; magnifi- LancaSter, John of Gaunt, duke of, his creation, 138; emr tiree of Richard the Second, 619. cently entertained at Paris, 134; quarrels with the king barks with a large army for Aquitaine, 160; leads a Henry de Trastamaro, enters Cofstile with a large army to of Navarre, 137;: visits the pope at Avignon, 137; puts la-rge army into France, 186; returns to Engliand, 1921 dethrone his brother don Pedro, 154; acknowledged on the cross, 138; returns to Englandi 140; his death, embarks with a large force fbr Aquitaine, 197; ap and crowned king of Castillo by thIe Spaniards, 155; 141; buried at St. Denis, 143, arid note. pointed governor of Aquitaine, 203; takes Mont Paorb takes measures to oppose don Pedro and the prince of' John, don, son of Henry ste Trastamare, crowned king of 204; Marries tihe lady Constance, datughter of Don PeWViales, 157; defeated at the battle of Navarretta, 167; Castille, 245; makes war on Portugal, 282; takes the dro of Castille, 206; returns to England, ib.; leadst an escapes to Arragoy, 169; makes war on the prince of field against the king of Portugal and the enari of Cam- army through France to Bordeaux, 21'8, ct seq.; enters Wales in Aquitaine, 169; makes war on don Pedro, bridge, 299; makes peace with the king of Portugal, into a truce with tihe Freich, and returns to England, assisted by the king of Arragon, 172; defeats don Pc- 30o:; marries his daughter, 300; sends hris defiance to 222; made regent of England, during the minority of dro near Montiel, 173; puts him to death, 174; oAtains tie new Icing of Portugal, anri raises an army to make Richardn the Second, 224; headts an army into Brittathe submission of Castile, 174; enters into alliance: var on him, 360, 393; besieges Lisbon, 360, 395;;applies ny, a25; besieges St. Malo, 238; abandons tihe siege, with tihe king of France, 206; makes war on tihe king to the king of Franrice for assistance, 360; abarndons the 241; inbrlimed of the deathl of Don Henry, king of of Navarre, 225; concludes a peace with him, 245; his siege of Lisbon. 377; takes tihe field against the king of Castile, 246; sent to treat with the Scots, 282; makes death, lb. Portugal, 378; delbated, with great slaughter, at the a truce with them, 288; refutsed admiission into Berwick Henry, the infant of Spain, marries the daughter of the battle of Aljubarota, 380, 397; enters into a truce with castle, ib.; retrrns to Scotland with tihe earl off Dougduke of Lancaster, 492; crowned king of Castiile, 531. the king of Portugal, M,; applies to France for assist+- lass, 289; sent ibr by king Richard, lb.; ofendied with fienrielle, thIe sastle of, taken by the king of Navarre, once against the king of Portugal and the duke of the earl of Northnmberlaid, 290; appeasedi Iby the 116. Lancaster, 404; grants permnission to thie duke of Lan- king, lb.; obtains an army to make war on, Castille, Hlolland, sir John, kills lord Ralph Stafford, 351. caster to send his men into Castille to recruit their 399; einbarks for Portugal, ib.; forces the French to Hostages, sent to England for king John of France, 450. health, 449; regains possession of Galicia after the de- raise tihe blockade of Brest, 400; arrives at Corunna, Hue:, sir Walter, killed in a skirmish in Brittany,219. parttre of the dluke of Lancaster, 466; sends embas- ib.; takes the town of St. lngo de Composteiha and Hungary, the kiing of, applies to the court of France for sadors to the duke of Lancaster, to dernand his daugh- several others in Galicia, 401, et seq.; makes war on assistance against tihe sultan Bajazet, 575; crosses the ter for the intint of Spain, 471; makes peace with the Arragon, 416; rinrries his daughter, tile lady Philippa, Danube with a large army, accompanied by John of dukie, 491; marries hris son to the lady Catherine of to the king of Portugal, 421: takes tihe towns of EnBurgundy and his forces, 578; takes the town of Co- Lancaster, 492; his death, 531. tenra, &c., 423, et seq.; suffers greatly firomr the heal mecte by storm, 579; besieges Nicopoli, 581; his army John, don, grand master of Avis, declaured king of Portu of tihe climante, 447; forms a junction with the king of defeated by Banjazet, 580. gal, 300, 360, 393; crowned, 360, 395; sends embassa- Portugal, ib.; passes the Duero, ib.; dispiriterd iby the Huntingdon, the earl ofi proclaims a tournament at Ox- dors to England to solicit the alliance of Richard tihe sickness of himnselfand army, 448; disbands his men, ford with the view of murdering king Henry, 622; slain Second, 360, 375; raises an army to makle war on tie 448; obtains permission hiou Iking of Castille for them ~ at Cirencester, 622. king of Castille, 378; defeats him at the battle of Al- to recruit their health in his towns, 449; sluits Ganilicia jubarota, 380, 397; enters into a truce with him, 382; andi returns to Banyonne, 452, 466; applies to IEngland sends embassadors to solicit tihe assistance of the duke fir fiesh assistance, 466; betrothes Iris daughter Cathaof Lancaster, 392; receives fivorable answers, 398: rine to the infiatof Spain, 488; makes pence with the ST1. l~Ace~O CO the town tfca t- writes friendly letters to the dulke of Lancaster on hris king of Castille, 491; marries his daughter to thie infnt, gT xoD~CoarrosTeLLA, th onof, in Gaincia, token by the duce of Lancaster, 401.twofinGlca arriva I in ( Galicia, 404; has an interview with himn, 407; 492; receives tire duchy of Aquitaine as a gifc fiom k~~~~~~~~~~~~~~arensb the ay P:lpa daugher of Lnaterduke of king Richard and his council, 56_4; embarks for AquiInnocent tihe Sixth, pope, elected at Avignon, 97; endea- marries tie dy Piippa, daugter ofthe luIe of ing Riclr ad is council,; ernbrks for Aquvs to make e betseen the king oLFrance and ancaster, 421; takes the field against tihe kcing of Cas- taine, 365; ordered to returnr in consequence of the revets to make peac~e between the kings o1' France and Engiuiti, and tihe kings of France and Navarre, 101; tine, 414; burns tie town of'Snntarem, 435: takes monstrances'ofthe towns of Aquitaine aigainst the Ferrol, 435; tborms a junction with the dukie ofLancas- kiing's gilt, 570; marries his corncubine, 577; offended or~ders a cr~oisade to he pr~eached against the fi'ee comopains, 136; iris death, 137. pe daistere ter at Orense, 447; dismnisses his armry, 450. with Iking Richard fbr the miurder of tie duke of Gloupanies, 136; his death, 137. lnsurreectios in Paris aguainst Charles tie Sixth, 29. John of Gaunt, earl of Iichmond, created duke of Lan- cester, 602; uimakes peace with him, lb.; his dea.th, 610, ~Insur~rection at Rouen, 293. ~caster, 138. Lancaster, the duchess of, takes her ldauglhter to Castille, Insurrection, a general, i3n England, in favor of the earlof John; friar, de la Rtocetaillade, delivers an apologue before and marries her to tihe infm nt, 492; finds tie bones, Insurrection, a g~eneral, inn En~rtnnd, in favTor of tire eari of Derby against Richard the Second, 612. the cardinals concerning the papacy, 390. her fsther, don Pedro, trind has them buried at So Interview between the king of Portugal and the duke of Joigny, the eari of, captured by the prince of Wales, 101; ville, ib. Lancaster, 407. taken pricnrr at the battle of Auray, 151. Langon, the town of, taken by the earl of Dart, 67; sure Interview between tie kings of France and England at Joigny, the lordtl aoal de, taken prisoner by the prince of renders to tihe duke of Anjou, 2l. ~~~~~Ardres.~ 586. ~Wales, 101. Langurant, the lord de, captured by the duke of Anjou Ireland, the earl of Oxford created duke of, 414; incurs tie Joinville, tile fort of, taken by the fiee-booting compa- 226; tutrns to the French'bterest, 229; slain near Cax- ~~~~nies, 184. dilhte. 245. hatred of the people of England, 439; obtains a divorce is, 14. dillc. 24. Jouel, sir John, joins tihe king of Navarre, 142; slain at the Launoy, John de, one of the commanders of tihe men of fi'om his wife, the lady Phlilippe, lb., 442; endeavors to ofunteract uiwlfe lyeisu ipas of the commissioner s f to battle of Cocherel in Normandy, 146. Ghent, silain ai the church of Nevele. 279. countand tire easouns of sthe, c m cs ofr Jouy, tie count de, burnt to death at a masked dance at Lauton, sir John, slain beflre La Rocheile, 209. counts and the new council of state, 442; marches from Bristol toward London as lieutenant fbr tine king, 444; Paris, 557. de ten near Oxford by ti ondonasle ers, underthekng duke Jugon, the town of, taken by tie lord Charles of Blois Gihent, deferats a party of the Flemish nobility at On of Giouceste, 441; friesy thin kingdom, 445; invited to through treachery, 60; retaken by tie lord Johin tie denarde, 280: defiated and slain at Berciemi, ib. FranGce, t 467; ordered fthence, 498. 45inte lMontfort, 152; surrenders to sir Bertrand du Guesclin, Leon, king of Aromenia, arrives in France, after losing his France, 467; ordered thence, 498. Irish, tnie ma~nnas uand mode ohf warfare, 569. 216. dominions, 387; relieved by tihe kinrg of France, 389; frish, tbeh' manners a~nd mode of warfkr~e, 569. abela qen of Ednrd tIe Second, declared ineliible St. Julien, Louis de, takes the town of Chatelheraut, 13.. iis deatn, 39, note; enieavors to negotiate a peace ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~isadelath ve, nof d dte; Seond ecavred ionelgoibleapee to tire unrown of France, 15; incurs tire hatred of sir Juliers, William count de, made duke of Gueldres, 455. between the kings of France and Englaund 412. Juliers, the duke of' promises assistance to'the king of Leon, sir Ierv6 de, captured before Vannes, 63; liberated.Hugh Spencer, 15; laas her grievances before her broer, Chnes he Fourth ofFrnce, and solicits is gland against France, 181; defteats tihe dluke of Bra- by king Edward, 65; dies at Paris, lb. ilier, Charles the Fourth of France, and solicits his bent with great shtughter, 457; muakes his peace with Letter, fromn Edward tile Black Prince, to the bishop of advice and assistance, it.; commanded to quit France, v6: iandr in England with a considerable force, and is the emperor, 457; maltes his sutbmission to the king of Worcester, after the battle of Poitiers, 108, note.'6: linds inn Englanmd wvithn a conniderable force, and is France, 486; makes peace between the dulke of Guel- Letter, sent by tihe icing of England to Aquitaine, 194. dinedl by th~e English barons, 17; takes her husband aimed b Brueistgli, 17; ti hBerk y husb, dres and the king of France, 488. Lewis, the lord of Spain, raises the siege of' lHeninebon, 57, -risnenr at Bristol, 17; confines trim in Berkeley castle, taken tie town nfDinant, &c., 38; deiansi at Quim18; enters London amid great rejoicings, 18; obtains per by sir Waiter o Mianry, ib.; engages sir obert t:1 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~peri6, by sir Walter _Manny, lb.; engages sir Robert thle coronation of her son Edward the Third, 19; sus- d'Artoi at sea, 61. pectAd of being pregmant by sir Roger Mortimer, 25; Libourne, the town of, taken by the earl of Derby 67 committed to prison by order of the cobncil, ib.; dies K. fr, the earl of, beheaded through the jealousy of sir Lige, th shp of, endeavors o make ece betwee Lidge, the bishlop of'. endeavors to make peace between in London, 138. Robert Mortimner, 85..sabella, dauginhter of Edward the Third of England, be Knights Bachelors, tihe signnification of theirtitle, 47; note. tI e eare of Flanders and the bisea of Norwich, 305. lieux, the town of, tfaken by the earl of' Derby, 67. trothed to Lewvis earl of Flanders, 87. Knights Bannerets, an account of their title and rank, 23; ignac, sir elion d, sent to treat wit te e of LanLigunic, sir Ielion do, sent to treeat widih tire dluice of LanIsabella, the lady, of Bavaria, married to Charles the note. caster hbr the marriage of his daughter to the duke Sixth of France, 348; makes her public entry into Knights of the Garter, the order instituted at Windsor by fe 49 of'Berry, 469. Paris, 494 Edward the Third, 64; tihe names of tie first kinights, Liguac, sir William de, seneschal of Saintonges, ta~kes the Isabella, da ughter of Charles the Sixth, betrothed to Rich- 65; note.LinsrWlia te eech ofin k ard the Second of England, 577; delivered to him by Knights of the Hlare, the origin of their title, 36.castle of Aigle, 144; aceonpanies tie duke of Boar bon to the assistance of' lhe king of Castillo, 418; ar king Charles at Ardres, 586; married to himn at Calais, Knights of thie Star, the first of' that order, 97. b t tn s oa rives at Burgos, 426. 586. -Knolles, sir Robert, commannnds a troop of free companies Limo t on, Limoges, tire town oe; surrendlers to the duke of Berry J. in Normandy, 132: rmakes an incursion into Berry mud -99; taken my storm Iy tie prince of Wales,00. Auvergne, 1i; goes to the assistance of tihe prince of e, te town o beige by te duke o Anjo, 19 Lindle, thle town of; besiegedl by the duke ot Anjou, 197 Wales, 183; appointed captain of the prince. of Wales's A JAcqnERTE, the rise of an infamous body of men in Beau- Wises 181 a ummnit eicptiiofEtieprin ceofWb i ess deliveredl by the captel of Buch, lb. voisis under this appellation, 112; their atrocities, ii.; copane 18 summone to En y iing d- Linieres, sir Manubrun de, dies at Nova, 133. ward. 19b; leads an arnmy into Picardy, 198; enters unto a lainge nuamber of them dnstroyed by thkine f o a large numbert of them destroyed by the king of Na- poritto Lionel, earl ofUlster, crested suke of Clarence, 138; a compositiorn to save the country fi'om beint.; pillaged, nurre, 133; thousands af them slain at Mleaux by tine a98cornefa heo nave tire ounlinby fiom Betnt;n pihluge, marries the daughter of the lord Galeas of Milani 171; 198; alethe ted at Pont Valin7 by sit' Bertrandl du Guesearl ofaFoix and the captal of Buch, 113. h;ieeteat int V iuby icrs es- is deathi, 174. clin, 202; hie retreaLts inito Brittainy, ih.; incurs the disJanmes, king of Cyprus, interests himselfto obtain the libe- li re te n n ln, t; oe is Lisbon, tihe city of, besieged by the kiing of Castille, 360, 395. pleasure of the king of Englandl, 205; some accou'nt ration of John of Burgundy and his companions, vwho i if interi ngatii2 sm a Lisle, the earl of; makles war in Gascony for tihe king of of itis lint, ib. note; reinstated in his fav.r, lb.; apwere prisoners in Turkey, 597. pomdgvro fBitn,1;cpue od(e France, 44; besieges Auberoche, 67; taken prisoner by pointed governor of Brittany, 16; captures t7e lord de St. Jeana d'Angely, the town of, taklen by the earl of Derby, the earl of Derby, 68. e Mauvoisin Xt3. 84; surrenders to tile French, 97, 212. St. Lo, tin town of, takiern by the English under king EdJews, the, ipersecuted through Europe, 96. nwari, 77. lohn, son of Philip of Valois, crowned king of France, L. London, the bishop of, appointed to accompany the duke 97; makes his public entry into Paris, ib.; prevents a of Lancaster in an expedition against Spain, 3'26. combnat between tie dunte of Lincaster amd the huke LAc, IE,, the town of, taken by the earl of Derby, 67. Londuners, the, dissntisfied with king Ricinard and his of Blrunswick, 97; takes possession on the lands of the Lamb florins, first coieum, 98. council, apply to the dukne of Gloucester to truke open king of Navarre in Normanmy, 98; coims florins of Lambe, Jlohn, assassinates Even of Wales at MIortmain- him time government of the realm, 439; wait upon the gold, whichr were chllenl uanub liornus, ib.; minrchcnr an sur-nmer, 23i. iung at Windsor to lay their grievances befbre him, ermy against the king of Ennland, 99' givea- the duchy Lancaster, Thormns, car! of, beheaded through the enmity anrh to slemand redress, 440; prevail upon tire king to of Noumandy to his enllestson, the udauphin of Vienne, of sir Bugn Supencer, 15. fix a day to exanmine into tire condnuct of thiose who ib.; a'rests thie kicng of Navarae, 99; marches an army Lanc aster, Henry, earl ofn brother of the former, joins had had the management urf the finances, ii.; doteat against the druke ofu Lancaster,!0' c.lreit as army tire prarty of' rnnerenu IsnTehel:t against Edwvard the Sn- the duke of Irholannl and the kimrn's threces, nocur O~xhbind, to onupose tilne rune ofufiales, i 10T1; det:iated and taken cond and tire Strenicers, 17. 445; watit oupn the king, at the instigationr of tine siuke erisoner at tine battle of Poitinrs, 105' suurrender s to tine Lancaster, the dukice of, suin of earl hacnry, lands in Cou- of Gioucester, to siemans tie repeal of thin taxes white prince of Wales, 101: embaruted for Fingland, 110: tauntin to assist Philip of Navarre agnainst the Iking of hbid been imposed to carry on tIne war with Fwunce, rides through London, ib.; confined in Windsor castle, Firance, 139; takes tha towsn of Vcrneuil, lb.: besieges 594; take pnrt with the earl of Derby in his quarrel l.; esters into a treaty with the king of England and Rennes,.RI mato Picardy, 123; with tire earl-marshal, 605; rise hs favor of the earl of IN DEX. 631 Derby against Richard the Second. 613; send tile arch- Marquel, tile castle of, in Auvergne, taken by Atnerigot Oliver de Clisson, 470; goes to Parts at the entreaty of bislrop of Canterbury to France to bring back the earl Marcel, 334. thle dukes of Berry and Burgundtly, 171. makes his of Derby, it. Marriage, concluded betwveen the children of Burgundy peace with tihe king of France, 472; returns to Brit Lontue;al, sir William de, takes tile castle of Mont Paon, and thiose of H-ainrult, 342. tany, 477; meets the king of Fratnce at Tours to make 203: surrentders it to the duke of Lancaster, 204. Mlarslhal, tile earl, of Eng-land, challenges the earl of der- an amicable settlement of tihe differences existing beLorraine, thle duke of, slain at the battle of Crecy, 82. Iby in the presetince of kiring Richard, 603; banished thie tween them, 539; agrees to marry his son to tile darughLorets. str Launcelot de, mortally wounded at Cherbourg, kingdom, 606; tlies at Venice, 624. ter of the kitig of France, and his daughter to lotin of 248. St. Maubert, tile fort of, takren by the English under the Brittany, 541; grants an asylum to sir Peter de Craon Louis, de Valois, marries, by procuration, Margaret of lord Neville, 241. alter his attempt to murder sir 0 iver de Clisson, 514 Hunlgnry, 346. Maubu6, lord, beheaded at Rouen, 99. ilnvolves htirmself in a war with the king of France lb.; Loultde, the gorrison of, take severalplaces in France, 361, Mauconseil, the castle of; taken by the king of Navarre, wages a destructive war against sir Oliver Ie Clinson, et seq. 116; besiegetl by thIe duke of Normandy, 116; razed to 5611; makes peace with him, 573; grtants assistance to Louvaine, sir Nichiolas, governor of Abbeville, taken pris- tie groundt, 121. tile earl of Derby to embark for Englantl, 615; Iii toner by sir Hughi de Chatilion, 179. Mlandurant, Geronnet de, captured by sir John de Bonne- death, 623. Louvier, tihe town of, taken by the English, under Edward lance, 461; tarken to Moontferrant, lb.; ransomed, 42; Montfort, the countess de, carries on the war against the tire Tihird, 78. gains possession of the town of Alontferrant for Peter lord Charles of Blois, after the capture of her husband, Luna, tire cardinal de, elected pope at Avignon, under the ]e Bearnois, 463. 52; solicits assistance from nareland, 56 besieged by title of Bernedict tile Elevenrth, 563. Maulson, le Bastot de, relates his adventures to Froissart, the lord Charles of Blois, in Hernebon, lb.; displays Lusirgnar, tihe town of, ir Poitou, taken isv tihe earl of' at Orthes, 372. great courage in thie dfetbnce of the town, 56; enters Derby, 84; surrcnders to sir Bertrand du (uesclin. 215. Mauny, sir Oliver de makes the king of Navarre prisoner, into a truce with the lord Charles of Blois, rand goes Lusignars, Peter de, king of Cyprus, arrives at Avignon, 163. to England, 60; returns to Brittany with reintforce-. 138; visits Germany to exhort the emperor to join St. MIau-. the abbey of, on the Loire, taken by the English meots, under sir Robert d'Artois, 61; hIer forces trake tile croisade against tihe Saracens, 139; visitas tie king undes the earl of I' Pembroke, 191. the lord Charles of Blois prisoner at La Roche d'Erof Navarre, lb.; erndeavors to prevail on the king of Mauvois;n, lord sie, captured by sir Robert Knolles, 268. rien, 89. Enrglandt to put on the cross, ib.; goes to Aquitaine to Maxwell, sir John, captures sir Ralph Percy at the battle Montgis, the castle of, takren by the earl of Derby, 66. solicit tile prince of Wales to do thie same, 140; returns of Otterbou in, 482. Montiel, the battle of, 173. to Paris, 143: put to death, 387. Meaux, the battle of, 113. Miontlieu, the castle of, taken by tihe duke of Bourbon, 344,. Lusstc, tile town and eastle of, taken by sir Bertrand du St. Mlecaire, the town of, surrenders to the duke of Anjou, Mblontmorency, sir Charles de, taken prisoner at Pont —Guesclin, 210. 230. Tressin, 47. Luxemtbourg, sir Peter Ie, hris body said to show miracu- Melrose, tihe abbey of, destroyed by Richard the Second, Mont-paon, the castle, surrenders to the French under sir lous powers, 459. 352. William de Longueval, 201 retaken by the duke of Luzrrmont, tihe castle of, in Brittanry, taken by sir Ben- Melval, lord Louis de, taken prisoner at the battle of Poi- Lancaster, 204. trtend du Guescin, 216. tiers, 422. Montpeilier, the towns and lordships of, belonging to the Lyon, John, a citizen of Ghent, revives the custom of thie Melun, tihe town of, on the Seine, besieged by the dnuke of king of Navarre, seized by the French, 236. Whitehoods, 252; instigates tihe men of Ghent to de- Normandy,s 437. Montpezat, the village of; taken by the dukre of Anjon, mand firoin tihe earl of Flandetlrs the preservation of Menstreworth, sir John, with Iris followers, quits the army 197. their franchises, 253; burns and pillanges'the castle of' of sir Robert Knolles,518; executed in Londlon, 522. Montpin, the fort of, taken by sir Thomas Trivet, 243. Aslereghiien, belonginrg to the earl, 254; dies atArdlem- Mercier, sir Joln le, one of the ministers of Charles the Montpouillant, the town of, taken by the earl of Derby, 71L bourg, 255. Sixth of Frasnce, commtittedl to prison' during tihe re- Montreuil Bonin, tie town of, taken by the earl of Derby. LIyon, sir Espaing du, accompanies Froissart to Beamrn, gency of tihe duke of Burgundly, 553; his property con- 84. and relates to him many particulars relative to the fismeted, 551; released fromn prison, 573. Monsegur tie sillage of, surrenders to tie eati of Derby, wars in Guienne, &c., 361. Mesclin, the little, captainr of soine free companies, put to 69; taken by thie duke of Ainjou, 230. death at Luxerrmbourg, 445. Moray, Randolph, earl of, his death, 24. jM. lMeulan, tihe town of, taken by thle Frenchi under the lord Moray, the earl of, taken prisoner by the English before de Boucicaut, 142 Newcastle upon Tyne, 54; exchanged for the earl of Milhiarud, tihe castle of; in Rouergue, taken by sir Bertrand Salisbury, 56. BT. TrAIE, the town of, in Brittany, surrenders to sir Ber- du Guesciin, 205. Morberue, Denys de, captures king John at the battle of trend du Guesclin, 216. Mirasbeau, the towrn of, tarken by the earl of Derby, 84. Poitiers, 106. Maillart, John, a citizen of Paris, prevents the city being Miraculous appearances, said to }save been seen by the Moron, Castel, taken by the earl of Derby, 71. betrayeld iy ire provost merchants, 115. Saracens dulring thIe siege of Atiica, 524. Mortain, the town of, in Normandy, taken by sir Bertrand [ajorca, Jamres, king of, applies to tihe prince of Wanles Miraniont, the castle of, taken by the riuke of Normandy, du Guesclin, 226. for hris assistance against tite kinrg of Asrragon. 159; 73. Mortain-sur-Mler, the town of, in Poitou, taken by the earl accompanies tie prince.nd don Petdro into Spain, Moissac, the town of, in Quercy, taken by the English of Derby, 8&; besieged by Evan of Wales, 231; the 162; taeren prisoner at Vaoladolid, by Itking Henry of under sir Jolhn Chartdos, 184; surrenders to thie duke of siege raised by tihe English, 241. Castlle, 171; ransomed by hIis wiilb, thie queen of Nt- Anjou, 197. Mortemer, the castle of; surrenders to sir Bertrand dua pies, 206; makes war on the kring ofArragon, lb.; dies Moncontour, tile castle of, in Poitou, taken by the English Guesclin, 215. at Vil di Sosia, ib. under lord Thlromnas Percy, 204; taken by si- Bertrand Mortimer, sir Roger, ignominiously put to death, 25. St. M/aixant, tire town of, in Poitou, taken by the duke of du Gueselin, 210. Mouton, a French coin so called, the origin of its appellaBerry, 213. Monmorillon, tile castle of, in Poitou, taken by sir Bet- tion, 109, note. Maleval, sir Louis de, turns to the French interest, 194 trand du Guesclin, 210. Mucident, the lord of, killed before Charguy in Dormois, St. Maelo, tile town of, surrenders to sir Bertsrand du Gues- Monsac, the town of, taken by the dluke of Anjou, 220. 126. clin, 216; besieged by tire rduke of Lancaster, 238. Monstier, lord Peter tie, appointed chief of the croisade Mucident, thelord of, taken prisoner by the duke of Anjo.t, Malvoisin, tihe castle of, takien by tihe duke of' Anjou, 364. against the fiee companies its Frane, 136. 229; turns to the French interest, lb.; returns to thie Mandsrant, the castle of, taken by tihe earl of Derby, 67..3ontacute, sir William, crerted earl of' Saisbury, 28. English party, 245. Manners of tihe Engishi and Gascous in tihe time of Frois- Montagu, lord Williiam de, slain at thie battle of Poitiers, Muros, the town of, in Galicia, surrenders to the duke CC sart, 386. 105. Lancaster, 421. Mannry, sir Courageous, left for dead at the battle of No- Montauban, battle of, between sir Guy d'Asai and tihe free Murray. the earl of, captured by the English at the battle gent-sur-Seirne, 121. companies, 159. of Nevil's Cross, 86. Manny, sir Giles, kIilled before Cambray, 37. Montbeliard, tihe earl of, invades the duchy of Burgundy, Musgrave, air Thomas, defeated and captured by the Scots Manny, sir WValter, makes an invasion into France, 33; 148. at Melrose, 234. sent with an Ernglish fbrce into Brittany, to tihe assist- Montebourg, the town of, burnt and pillaged by the Engance of the countess of Montfirt, 56; arrives at Hen- lish under king Edward tie Thiird, 76.. nebot, 57; tikes thie castle of Contuet, 58; defeats tihe lnnlennlre, the lord of, captured at the battle of Poitiers, lord Lewis of' Spain at Quimperlrl, lb.; takes the cas- 106. NAJARRA, the town of, taken by the prince of Wales, 17., tie of Goy Ia Foret, 59; accormpanies the earl of Der- Mlonttlbrrant, thhe town of, taken by stratagem by Perrot Namur, sir Philip de, slain at Dendremonde, 278. by into Gascony, 66' finds the sepulchre of hris t[hther le Bearnois, 463. Namur, sir Robert de, does homage to the kring of Engat La Reole, 70; defeats the Frernch under sir Geofifrey Montferrant, thie marquis de, leads the free companies into land, before Calais, 88; promises to assist him against de Charrgry, before Calais. 93; dies in London, 208. Lornbardy, 137; conqiuers several places f'romn the lord France, 186; joins the English forces, under the dulke Mantes, the torwn of, taken by tihe French under the lord of Milan, lb. of Lancaster, before Tournehem, 187; defeats a party de Boucicaut, 142. Meontfort, the earl of, takes measures to secure to himself of the French in a skirmish, 190. Martns, the town of, in the Rochiellois, taken by sir Ber- the duchy of' Brittany, after the death of his brother, Namur, sir William de, gives the town of Sluys to the trend du Guesclin, 33. 48; traies the townv of Brest and several others, 50, et duke of Burgulndy, in exchange for the country of Marcel, Arnerigot, takres the castle of Cassuriel and other seq.; does hosnage to the king of England tbr the Bethune, 348. places in Auvergne, 248, et seq.; takies by surprise the duchy of' Brittany, 51; summoned before thie parlia- Nantes, thie town of, taIken by thie lord Charles of Blois, castle of Marquel, 334; fortifies ihimself in La Roche ment of Paris, at the suit of the lord Charles of Blois, 52; besieged by Edwvard thie Third, 63; surrenders to Vandais, 516; besieged by tihe viscrount sIe Meaux, 517; lb.: capturedl by the French at Nantes, 52; dies in the sir Bertrand du Guesclin, 217; besieged by the earl of sends to Englnd to solicit the duke of' Lancaster for Louvre at Paris, lb.; [See this account corrected, lb., Buckingham, 271. assistance, lb.; dlrriing his absence at Perigord, his fort s;ote.] Naples, Joan, queen of, surrenders her dominions to pope surrendters, 520; betrayed by a relative, to whom lie Montfobrt, tile lord Johln de, deleats the forces of the lord Clement, 210. applied fbr an asyluim, 521; beieadesd rt Panris, 522. Chaltrles of Blois, at the battle of Auray, 150; iris be- Narbonne, the viscount de, captured by the free companies Marcel, Etienne, provost of tile merchants of Paris, kills hiavior on seeing the body of his adversary, who had before Montauban, 159. three knights in tire aparstment of thle regent, 429; been slain in the battle, 151; takes Auray and other Naval engagemrent, before Sluys, between the navries of. huilds a wall round P'aris, 113; ukilled by John iRr ail- places, 152, et seq.; makres perace with tile king of France and England, 42; between tie Spaniards anti lart, whiile attempting, to betray the city to tihe English France, anid is acknoiwletlged dukre of Brittany, 153: the English under king Edward the Third, 95; off the and Navarrois, 115. marries thie daughter of tihe princess of WVales, lb.; island of Bas in Brittany, between tile English and Miarch, tihe eaml of, tnaken prisoner by the English at the applies to Englarnd fblI assistance a"ainst the king of Flemings, 205; before La Rlocihelle, betweena the easi. battle of Nevil's Cross, 86; appointed constable of the France, 214; rettlkes severaln places in Brittanny, 222; of' Pembroke and the Spaniards, 207. Erglisih army under Erdward thie Third, 124. besieges Quirimperle, b.; disband is h is rrv, and re- Navarretta, the battle of, between the prince of Wale Marchienntes, tihe Muonastery of, taken by the Hainaulters, tires to Enrland, lb.; returns to Brittany, 258; solicis and don Henry of Castille, 165. 47. king Richard for succors, 262; excuses himself to tile Navarre, ChIarles, Iking of, lands with a large army at M1arclhevia,, tihe castle of, tarke by the dukie of Burgun- earl of Bucking haitm, nwho tad come to his assistane, CherbMourg, 9.; arrested by the Iing of Franc, 99; dy. 117. for not meeting Iim on his rrrrrch, 2%'9; sr. kes peace escapes fioom the castle of Alleres, 312; makes peane Maret, Jrbn ido, unjustly executed at Paris, 321. witt the ning of France, 275; arrests sir lirver de with the duke of Norism andy, ib.; Iharangues the Pari 1IMargaret, countess of 1-ainault. takes psossession of tire Clisson in the castle of' Ermine, and causes the expe- sians, lb.; destroys many of the infamous Jacquerie coruntry, as her inhlreritance, after tire leath of earl dition naginsirSt Ersg!arn(i to be given up, 430, liberates of Beauvoisis, 113; declares war against Franc,n.ll8; Williari, 73. sir Oliver, 432; required by the kinsg of Frannc to ex- takes several towns and fortresses in France, lb.; Margaret orf ti ngrcy, may'nrierr it'y pr ocuration to Louis dt plain Iris ccrndruct towtosasd tce censtable,ssabe to delivet nlelirer maa es peae vititr tine duke of Normrrsanly, 320; declares Vtilois, 346; lirrcibly marriedi 1ins Hentry de Blancrue- up to him tie rsolie hie mmd tinen firom tiim as Iris ran- war aeainst rime, 127; makes war on France, 119; fsrrt, brothrier to the arttperer smf Germmransy, 350. soste. 438; his answorer, 438; disregrrnls tile overtures makes peoce withs the liinrg of France, 152; enters inte- Manteil, sir Raymond de, turns to tine French interest, made Iry the dumie of Berry to gain him over to the alliance with dos Pedro of Castilie, 156; conducts tir 304; taken prisoner by tire English, 202; makes his es- French interest, 4C6; enters into an alliance with Eng- prince of Wales and don Pedro to Pampelunt, 168k - cape, 203. iand, sf67 ~ ith Navarre, lb., restores the castles of sir enters into an alliance with thet king of Enrglandl, I~ 632 IN bE 1)X. makes peace with the king of France, 196, 216; ap- Parisians, the, rebel against Charles the Sixth, 293; ap- IPoix, the town of, destroyed by the English under.EdwA plies to king Richerd of England for assistance against peased by the lord de Coucy, ib.; lined by the king, the Third, 79. the king of France, 237; enters into an alliance with 325. St. Pol, the count de, captures, by the English at Liqu, him in England, ib.: solicits aid from the English at Parlenay, the lord de, captured at the battle of Poitiers, and sent to England, 221; marries the lady Maude Bordeaux, to raise the siege of Pampeluna, 242; con- 106. daughter of the princess of Wales, 247; leads an arms eludes a peace wits the king of Spain, 245; his extra- Passac, sir Walter de, takes St. Forget, and several other into Friesland, 584. ordinary death, 459. places in tlhe Toulousain, 384; accompanies the duke St. Pol, the earl of, slain at the battle of Crecy, 82. Navarre, the young king of, goes to Paris, to endeavor to of Bourbon in an expeditiom into Castille, 499; arrives St. Pol, the town of, besieged by the duke of Lancaster, gain back his inheritance of Evreux, 603. at Burgos, 426. 191. Navarre, the lord Lewis of, takes the tovnf of La Charit6, St. Patrick's Hole, in Ireland, its singular properties, 565, Pommiers, the lord de, beheaded at Bordeaux for treasse, 147; marries the queen of Naples, 153. and note. 227. Navarr, Philip of, defends the possessions of his brother Paive, sir Amery de, governor of Calais, enters into a Pampadour, the lord of, captured at the battle of Poitier in /ormandy against the king of France, 100; raises treaty with sir Geoffry de Chargny to deliver the town 106. an army to raise the siege of St. Valery, 118; refuses up to him, 93; prevented by the king of England, lb.; Pondaire, thetown of, taken by the earl of Derby, 66. to accept the peace which had been concluded be- taken prisoner by sir Geoffry de Charguy, and behead- Pens, the lord de, slain at the battle of Poitiers, 105; turi* twen his brother and the duke of Normandy, 120. ed, 96. to the French interest, 204. Necromanccr, a, offers to deliver up the qastel del Ovo to Peace, concluded between France and England, 130.; at Pont-au-Demer, the town of, in Normandy, taken by sl the duke of Anjou by enchantment, 297; beheaded by Leulinghen, 562. Bertrand du Guesclin, 226. order of the earl of Savoy, 297. Pedro the Fourth, don, king of Castille, summoned to ap- Pont du St. Esprit, the town of, taken by the free compaNegotiations, carried on at Billinges respecting a peace pear before pope Urban the Fifth at Avignon, 154; ex- nies, 136. between the English and the French, 18. communicated, ib.; endeavors to raise a force to op- Pontevedra, the town of, in Galicia, surrenders to the army Nestc, Guy de, defeated and taken prisoner by the Eng- pose his brother don Henry, and the dnuke of Burgundy, of the duke of Lancaster, 409. lish in Saintonge, 97; slain, ib. 154; flies to Corunna, ib.; goes to Aquitaine to solicit Ponthieu, the country of, conquered by the forces under sit Nesle, lord William de, slain at the battle of Poitiers, 105. the assistance of tie prince of Wsles, 155; enters Hugh do Cnatillon, 179. Nevele, tihe church of, burnt by the earl of Flanders, with Spain. accompanied by the prince and a large force, Ponthieu, the earl of, captured at the battle of Poitieco several hundreds of tihe men of Ghent in it, 279. 161: defeats the army of don Henry, 165; obtains the 105. Nevil's Cross, the battle of, 86. submission of Castille, 168; incurs the displeasure of Populace, of England, rebel against king Richard andth! Neville, tihe lord, raises the siege of Mortain, 240; takes the prince of Wales, 169; defeated by don Henry at nobility, 284; enter London and do much mischief St. Manbert, 241; dismissed from his command in Montiel, 173; taken prisoner, 173; killed by his broth- 285; dispersed by the king, 286. Northumberland, 279. er, 174... Porcien, the earl of, ransomed, 179. Newtoun, sir John. sent on an embassy to Richard the Pembroke, the earl of, sent to the assistance of the prince Porkers of la Respaille, a setofpillagers so called, commit Second from the rebels of Kent, 284. of W'ales in Aquitaine, 180; makes war in Perigord, several depreciations in Flanders, 343. Nicupoli, tile town of, in Turkey, besieged by the king of &c., 180; invades the territories of Anjou, 187; returns Port St. Marie, taken by the duke of Anjou. 197. Hungary and Jolhn of Burgundy, 575; the siege raised to England, 203; appointed governor of Aquitaine, Portboeuf, Peter, governor of Dinant, taken prisoner, 6L by the sultan Bajazet, 587. 207; defeated and.taken prisoner by tihe Spaniards be- Portelet, don Juan Ferdinando de, intborms Froissart of Niort, the iown of, stormed by the English, 211; surrenders fore La Rochelle, 209; insulted by Evan of WVales at many particulars relative to the affairs of Portugal, to sir Bertrand du Guesclin, 215. St. Andero, 203; obtains his ransom, 220; dies at Ar- 391. Mogent-sur-Seine, the town of, sold to the bishop of ras, lb. Poulat, the castle of, in Gascony, taken by the English Troyes, 121; the battle of, ib. Pennon, the nature of the military ensign so called, ex- under sir Thomas Trivet, 243. Normandy, the duchy of, invaded by Edward the Third,76. plained, 102, note. Poursuivant d'Amour, the meaning of the title explain9d Normandy, the duke of, invades Hainault, 39; besieges Percy, sir Henry, dies in Castille, 450. 179, note. Thin-l'Ev6que, 41; enters Brittany with the lord Percy, sir Henry, appointed commander.-in-chief of the for- Pressigny, sir Reginald de, put to death, 98. Charles of Blois, 52; leads a large army to oppose tihe ces in Northumberland, 479. Preux, the castle orf taken by tle duke of Burgundy, 147, king of England in Brittany,64; enters into a trnce Percy, sir Ralph, captured at the battle of Otterbourne, Prie, the lord of; captured at tie battle of Auray, 151. with him, lb.; leads an army into Gascony to oppose 482. Pruniaux, John, a citizen of Ghent, appointed one of the the earl of Derby, 73; takes the town of Miraumont Percy, sir Thomas, appointed seneschal of Poitou, 194; commanders of the Whitehoods in that city, 255; de and others, ib., et seq.; marries Jane, countess of Bou- takes the castle of Montcontour, 204; captured by the stroys tihe walls of Oudenarde, 260; banished from Flan. logne, 94; appointed regent of France during the im- French at Soubise, 212; resigns his office of steward ders. 261; delivered up to the earl, and beheaded, ib. prisonment of king John in England, 110; besieges of the household to king Richard the Second, 596; ap- Pulpiron, the castle of, taken by the French under sir Wsab Paris, 114; makes peace with the king of Navarre, lb.; pointed governor of Aquitaine, 621. ter de Passac, 385. enters'Paris, 115; lays siege to Melun, 120; collects a Perigord, the cardinnal de, endeavors to make peace be- Punch, the town of, taken by the earl of Derby, 67. force to drive tihe English out of Champagne, 121; re- tween the king of France and the prince of Wales fllses to ratify the ieace concluded between kling John previous to tihe battle of Poitiers, 102o makes peace and tihe English, 122; declines to accent tine challenge. betwe.n the duke of Normandy and tie king of Naof the king of England, 129; endeavors to make peace varre, 120. QUARRIEL, between the houses of Brabant and Guendra with him, 130; appointed recent on tie dephsrture of Perigord, the earl of, defeats the high steward of Rouergue, the cause of; explained, 454. king John for England, 140; crowned king of France 177; besieges Realville, 181. Queens, three, besieged in the town of Melun-sur-Seine, at Itheims, under the title of Charles the Fifth, 146. Perth, tile town of, destroyed by Richard the Second, 352. 120. Northumberland, the earl of, takes Berwick castle, 232; Peterson, John, admiral of the Flemish fleet, defeated and Quimpercorentin, the town of, in Brittany, taken by sir enters Scotland with a large army, 233: appointed captured by the English off the island of Bas, 205. Bertrand du Guesclin, 216. lieutenant of Northusmberland, &c., 282; enters Scot- St. Pnagon, the town of, in Spain, pillaged by some Bce- Quimperi6, the town of; in Brittany, taken by sir Bertrandl land with a large force, 338; banished by Richard the ton soldiers, 452. du Guesclin, 216; besieged by the duke of Brittany,229 Second, 612: recalled by the earl of Derby, 617. Philip, lord of' Burgundy, killed before Aiguillon, 83. Norwich, the bishop of, appointed commander-in chief of Philip of Valois, chosen king of France, to the exclusion R. a croisade against the CIementists, 126; enters Flan- of Isabella, queen of England, 15, 23; makes War on ders contrary to the advice of sir Hugh Calverley, 327; the Flemings, lb.: banishei Ronert d'Artois firom RAIMBAUT, Lewis, a captain of the free companies, a takes the town of Gravelines and other places, ib., et France, 07; putl on the cross, 29; enters into an lli- headed, 175. seq.; besieges Ypres, 350: abandlons the siege, and re- ance with the king of Scotland, 82; receives a defiance Ramsay, Alexander, takes the castle of Berwick,. 22; turns to England, 331; badly, received on his return, firom tile king of England, 33: leads an army to op- captured in the castle by the earl of Northumberland, 35. pose his forces, 35; destroys the territories of sir John of 203. Noyon, the bishop of, taken prisoner at Mauconseil, 116. H-rinault, 37; invades Flanders, 19; sends forces into Ravenal, lord Raouel de, captured at Mauconseil. 116. Scotland to assist the Scots against tile English, 45; Realville, tile town of, taken by storm by the earl of PeriO. assembles a large army to raise thie siege of Tournay, gord,183. ib.; enters into a truce with the king of England, 48; Reginald, count of GueIdres, his extravagance, 454; marOLIFERNE, Agadinquor, an African chief, his conduct at assists the lord Charles of Blois to recover the duchy ries the daughter of Bertaldo of Mechlin, 455; afterthe siege of Africa, 524. the siesie ow Africa, burn btealfin, of Brittany from tIe earl of Montfort, 51; assembles ward marries Isabella, daughlter ofEdward the Second Orchies, tne town of, burnt by the earl of Ge inrstult, 44. o an army to oppose tie earl of Derby in Gascony, 73; of England, lb. Orenze, the town of, in Galicia, surrenders to the forces of collects another army to oppose king Edward in Nor- Rennes, tIe town of, taken by thenarl ofMontfort, or duke ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Rnethe ton otken yteer of Moncutfor, or duk Orftbie dukte of Lancaster, 434. mandy, 76: defeated at the battle of Crecy, 82; col- of Brittany, 50; surrenders to the lord Charles ofBlois, Oriflainmio, the sacrod"banner so called, displayed by the king of Francine at.thebbattle of Rose in ~ lects a large army to raise tihe siege of Calais, 89; en- 56; besieged by the duke of Lancaster, 111; taken by king 3of Frn ce t the battle of Rosebeesue 10 Fa ters'into a truce with the king of England, 91; marries sir Bertrand du Guesclin, 216. the lsdy Blanche, daughter of Philip, kcing of Navarre, Reole, La, the town of, taken by tne earl of Derby, 711 Orleans. tIne duchess of, suspected of causing the illness of 94. dies at Nogen-he-o 97. surrender to the duke of Anjou, 221. 9~i~:~~~~~~~~~~~Roe La tes tow oftaenbytile erl of eb, 71 the king of France, 592. Philip. son of king John of France, created duke of Bur- Rcyneval, lord Raoul de, defeated by the English and Na. Orthon, a familiar spirit, serves the lord of Corasse, 382.varois, under sir Godfrey d arcort, 109. fundy, 146. varyels, under sir Godfi'ey de Harcourt, 109. Ortingas, tie town of, taken by Peter d'Anchini, 162. Phiilippa, daughter of the earl William of Hainault, mar- Rheims, the town of, besieged by Edward tie Third, 12, Ostcat, Waustre, takes the castle of RouleLois-s ur-Seine, ried to Edward the Third, 24; in the absence of the Ribadavia, tie town of, taken by storm by the duke o 27. king raises an army to oppose the Scots, 84; deebats Lancaster, 421. Ostrevant, the country of, burnt by tie garrison of Douay, them at the battle of Nevil's Cross, 85: receives tle Ribadeo, count, of Spain, one of the ministers of Charles 41.. tvant, te count of created a knigt of the garter, king of Scotland as her prisoneratYork, 87; her three tIe Foirth of France, arrested bytle duke ofBurguas 00treva~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~tilte countt of, crneareated abyglto the gartero.Brg 520;t gie ronffece to thn ine h of Frne, i;dos last requests to king Edward, 190; her death, lb. dy while regent, 553.; gives offence to th ing of Fane, ib.; doe Philippa, daughter of the luke of Lancaster, married to Ribeaumont, sir Eustace de, captured near Calais, 94; re, homage to the king of France fbr the county of'Ostre- homae to te kin of ranc tr the county of Oste- the cing of Portugal, 421. ceives a chaplet of pearls from tie king of England, vast, 528; raises as army to ynvade Friesland. 583; in- Picarly, tine country of, invaded by king Edward the in reward for his prowess, 94; slain at tile battle of vades Friesland, 584; disbands his armnny, 585; invites the earl of Derby to Hainault after hie had been ban- Tnird, 78. Poitiers, 105. isheni fronn England, 607. Pierrepont, the town of, taken by sir Eustace d'Ambreti- Ribemmont, sir Galahaut de, mortally wounded in a ski. court, 129, mish with the English, 126. Otho, sir. of Brunswick, demands his pay from pope Clemeatb nttr. Aviguno~sPiquigny, sir John de, delivers tine king of Navarre Richard, son of the prince of Wales, declaredl presump. ment ait Avignon, 390., Ottecinourne, tne battle of, 481, [see also 484, sote.]. from the castle of Alleres, 112; forces the duke of Nor- tive heir to the throne of England, 224; crowned king udenare, the tows of, besieged the n f Gent, mandy to r'ise the siege of Mauconseil, 116; endeavors of England, 224. to take the town of Amiens, 117; dies at La inerrielle, Richard the Scond, placed under the tuition of sir Gu-i. 26, 307; takes by Francis Atremen, 553: retaken by 121... card d'Angle, 224; enters into an alliance with the the lordt l)estournay, 340. ~t~rIned tlo rnrl lesuoutneny, 840,oner in Gscon, 6 Plague, the, desolates all Europe, ~, and nole. Icing of Navarre, 237; sends nn army to tine assistanco Oxford line earl of, talcen prisonner in Gascony,.67: enden-?laisac, Heliot de, governor of Boutville, taken by the of the duke of Brittany, 258; quells the rebellion o2 vnnrs to chissusle tine king ofEnnlanc frono assisting Isis French, 246. the populace under Wat Tyler, &c., 286; makes a toun unneles inn their pretensions to tine crown of Castille, Poinings, lord, dies in Castfile, 450. through several parts of England to pnnish tine insura2qg; created dluke of Ireland, 414. Poitiers, the city of, taken by the earl of Derby, 84; sor- gents, 289; marries the lady Anne of Bohemia, 295; p. renders to sir Bertrand du Guesclin, 211. enters into a truce with Frnn, 156: heads an army Poitiers, thie battle of, between the king of France and the to oppose the Scots antI the admiranl of France, 3511 PAPELzUNA, the town of, besieged by the king of Castille, prince of Wnsles, 103. glestroys the abbey of Melrose, and several plnacee 838. Poitiers, sir Charles de, burnt to death at a masked dance Scotland, 352, et seq.; quarrels with his uncles of York * sarm the city of, b~esieged by the duke of Normandy, 114. at Paris, 557. and Gloucester, 4B2; excites the discontent of thI p, - I1N DE A 3, pie of England, ib.; retires to VWa3es, 429; constrained to France, 293; unites with the earl of Huntingdon in Terrieres, the town of, taken by sir John Chandos, 181. by the people to appoint commissioners to examine his plan to murder king Henry, 305: beheaded, 306. Tertre, Peter du. executed at Paris for treason, 225. into accounts of his confidential ministers, 440; retires Salisbury, the countess of, defends Wark Castle against Tdte-noir, Geioffry, obtains possession of the castle of Ven to Bristol, 442; takes measures to counteract the pro- the Scots, 54; resists with great spirit the dishonorable tadour, in Auvergne, 248; mortally wounded, 490; oedings of the new council, which had been appoint- overtures ofking Edward, 55. makes his will, 490; his death, lb. ed fbr him by the commissioners of accounts. 443; Salisbury, sir John, beheaded at Oxford, 446. Thilliers, the castle of, taken by king John of France, 100. sends the duke of Ireland, as his lieutenant, with a Salle, sir Robert, governor of Norwich, killed by the in- Thin l'Eveque, the town of, besieged bythe duke of Norlarge army toward London, 444; his troops defeated surgents in the reign of Richard the Second, 287. mandy, 41. near Oxford, 445; returns to London under the con- Salvatierra. the town of, surrenders to the army of don Thouars, the town of, taken by sir Bertrand du Guesclin, duct of the archbishop of Canterbury, 446; assembles Pedro and the prince of Wales, 163. 213. a parliament to receive the homage of his subjects, lb.; St. Salvin, the abbey of, besieged by the French, 191. Thurie, the town and castle of, taken by le Bastot de Maaenters into a truce with the king of France, 493; holds Sancerre, the lord Lewis de, appointed marshal of France, leon, 374, a grand tournament at London, 527; endeavors to 186; defeats the earl of Pembroke at Puirenon, 189; Tibald, doctor Simon, bishop of London, preaches the make a peace with France, 530; concludes a peace visits the count de Foix at Orthes, 491; made consta- justice of the war against France, 181, and note. with king Charles, 561; presents the duke of Lancas- ble, 600. Tilt, at Enten~a, between sir John Holland and sir Regl caster with the duchy of Aquitaine, 564; leads an ar- Santarem, the town of, rebels against the king of Castille, nald de Roye, 424. my into Ireland, 564; obtains the submission of four 376; returns to obedience, 379; burnt by the king of Tonnerre, the town of, taken by Edward the Third, 128. Irish kings, 569; seeks to marry the lady Isabella, Portugal, 435. Tonniens, the town of. taken by the duke of Normandy, daughter of the king of France, 571; recals the duke Sauveterre, the town of, taken by the duke of Anjou, 230. 74; surrenders to the duke of Anjou. 197. of Lancaster from Aquitaine, ib.; has an interview St. Sauveur le Vicomte, the castle of, taken by the French, Tour, the lord de ha, slain at the battle of Poitiers, 105. with the king of France at Ardres, 585; receives the 222. Touraine, the duke of, brother of Charles the Sixth of lady Isabella from king Charles in his tent at Ardres, Saxony, the duke of, sent by the emperor of Germany into France, buys the reversion of the county of Blois, 514; 586; marries her at Calais, 586; becomes unpopular in England to see the country previous to the marriage created duke of Orleans, 548. England, 594; orders tihe duke of Gloucester to'be ar- of the lady Anne, of Bohemia, to Richard the Second, Tournament, held at Mons, 48; given by king Edward the rested, 597; invests the earl of Rutland with the con- 264. Third at London, out of affection for tihe countess of stableship of England, 603; proclaims a feast to be Scarcity, a great one in France, 97. Salisbury, 60; held atVannes before the duke of Britheld at Eltham, 603; banishes the earl-marshal for life, Schism, occasioned in the church by the election of two tany and the earl of Buckingham, 274; at Cambray. and the earl of' Derby for six years, 606; seizes the rev- popes, 249. in honor of the marriage of the children of Burgundy enues of tie duchy of Lancaster on the death of the Scots, the, invade England under Robert Bruce, 15; their with those of Hainault, 342; at Paris, in hrhor of queen duke, 610; breaks off a marriage which was in con- character and manners, lb.; retake many of their for- Isabella's public entrance, 496; at Inglevere, near Catemplation between the earl of Derby and the daugh- tresses, and penetrate as far as Durham into England, lais, by three French knights against all comers. 5f9; ter of the duke of Berry, 611; holds a tournament at 44; retake Edinburgh, 45; take Stirling Castle; 53; Iheld at London, by order of Richard the Second, s27; Windsor, which is but thinly attended, 612; banishes enter into a truce with the king of England, lb.; in- at Windsor, which is badly attended, 581; held at Oxthe earl of Northumberland and his son, 612; the peo- vade England under king David, lb.; take the town ford by the earl of Huntingdon, &c., 622. pie o' England rise in rebellion against him, and in of Durham, 54; besiege Wark Castle, ib.; defeated Tournay, the town of, besieged by Edward the Third, 43, favor of the e;arl of Derby, 613; retires to Flint [Con- by the English at the battle of Nevil's Cross, 85; refuse Treaty of alliance, entered into at Vilvorde, between the way] castle, 616; surrenders to the earl of Dcrby, 616; to abide by the truce which had been agreed upon at countries of Flanders, Brabant, and Hainault, 43. imprisoned in the Tower of London, 617; resigns the Belinge, 339; enter England contrary to the orders of Treaty of peace, copy of tihe, between the duke of Burcrown in favor of the earl of Derby, 618; his death, king Robert, ilb.; invade England with the assistance gundy and the men of Ghent, 352. 623; his funeral, lb. of sir Jolhn de Vienne, 350; treat sse admiral with Trelawny, sir Matthew, severely wounded at Rochepe. Rigault, Giles, de Rouffy, presented with the red hat in much harshness, 352; invade England under the young rion, 59; taken prisoner, 59; rescued from death, ib. the presence of king John at Paris, 97. earl of Douglas, 481; defeat the English at the battle Trdmouille, sir William de la, appointed to command a.iviere, the lord de Ia, takes tie castle of Aquigni, 147; of Otterbourne, 481. body of men to assist the duchess of Brabant against impr-soned by tihe dukes of Burgundy and Berry dur- Scott, Robin, takes the town of Roucy, in Picardy, 118. the duke of Gueldres, 460. ing the regency, 554; his estates confiscated, lb.; de- Seaule, the town of, taken by the French under sir Wil- Tressilian, sir Robert, beheaded by order of the duke of livered from prison, 573. liam de la Tremouille, 4b61. Gloucester and his party, 444. Robert, duke of Heidelberg, elected emperor of Germany, Seclin, the town of, burnt by thie earl of Hainault, 44. Trivet, sir Thomas, sent to the assistance of the king of 624. Segar, John, governor of Nogent, murdered at Troyes, Navarre, 243; takes several fbrts in Gascony, 243, e Robert, king of Sicily, endeavors to make peace between 122. seq.; marches into Castille, 244; returns to England, the kings of France and England, 43. Senerach, the lord de, captured at thIe battle of Poitiers, 246; defeats the French near Arras, 264; committed Robert, the Hermit, ordered by a vision to interfere in 125. to thIe Tower of London, 335; killed by a fall from his bringing about a peace between France and England, Sequainville, sir Peter de, beheaded at Rouen, 146. horse 441. 572; attends the conferences at Leulinghen, ib.; sent St. Severe, in Saintonge. taken by the duke of Berry, 211. Truce, betweef the English and tie Scots, 24; between to England, 573. Sluys, the town of, taken by the men of Ghent, 805; the French and English, 48; between tie English ant Robesart, the canon de, defeats the Navarrois near Creil, exchanged for the country of Bethune, 348. the Scots, 53; between the lord Charles of Blois and 118; turns to the English interest, 179. Soubise, the castle of, taken by the French under Even of the countess of Moatfort, 60; for three years, between Rolie, La, sur-Yon, the castle of, taken by the duke of Wales, 212. the French and English, 64; between France and EngCambridge, 186; surrenders to the French under sir Southampton, the town of, pillaged by the French, 34. land, 91; prolonged by order of pope Innocent, 98; Oliver de Clisson, 217. Sow, the use of the military machine' so called, 229. between France and England, 110; between the EnRoche, La, d'Errien, the town of, taken by sir Thomas Spaniards, the, defeated at sea by Edward the Third, lish and Scots, 198; between the French and English, Daggeworth, 86; besieged by the lord Charles of Blois, Spencer, sir Hugh, the elder, besieged with Edward the 259; between the English and Scots, 288; between the lb.; surrenders to sir Bertrand du Guesclin, 216. Secondin Bristol. 18; taken and beheaded, lb. French and English with all their allies, 336; between ochechouart, the viscount de, captured at the battle of Spencer, sir Hugh, the younger, directs the government of the kings of Castille and Portugal, 380; between the Poitiers, 105; imprisoned by the prince of Wales, 183; Edward the Second, 15; causes the earl of Lancaster French and English, 493, 556, 560. liberated, 187; his lands invaded by sir John Chandos, to be beheaded, lb.; frustrates the endeavors of queen Tyler, Wat, heads the populace of Englandl in their re188. Isabella to obtain assistance in France, 16; besieged bellion against king Richard the Second and ta W Rochelle, the town of, blockaded by the Spaniards and with the king in Bristol by the queen's forces, 18; ig- bility, 284; killed in Smithfield, 287. French under Evan of Wales, 212; turns to the French nominiously beheaded at Hereford, lb. interest, lb. Spencer, the lord de, his death, 225. Rochemilon, the castle of, taken by the earl of Derby, 69. Stafford, lord, captured before Vannes, 63; exchanged for Roche-posay, la, the town of, taken by the French under the lord of Clisson, 64; created an earl, 95. sir John de Buell, 183. Stafford, lord Ralph, killed by sir John Holland, 351. Usap re Fsross, pope, elected at Avignon, 13; preachses a croisade against tire Saracens, lb., exconmfochetaiilade, John de, a fanatical cordelier friar, prophe- Standwich, John, puts Wat Tyler to death in Smithfield, municates don Pedro, king of Cestille, 14; his death cies, 129: delivers an apologue to the cardinals respect- 287.02 ing the papacy, 390. Star, the order ofthe, revived by king John of France, 9. Urban te Sixth, elected at Rome, 26; sends a bull to Romorantin, the town of, taken by the prince of Wales. Stirling Castle, taken by the Scots. 53. England for the destruction of the Clementists, 8' t 101. Straw, Jack, heads the populace of England in the rebel- besieged in Perugia, 90; escapes to Rome, b.; dies E Roquemadour, the town of, taken by sir John Chanrdos, lion against king Richard and the nobility, 285; taken Roe 184. and beheaded, 78e. Utrecht, the town of, taken by the earl of Hainsult, 73. goeebecque, the battle of, between the king of France and Stuart, Robert, succeeds to the crown of Scotland on the zes, the astle of, in Auvergne, taken b y John Devereux the men of Ghent, 321. death of David the Second, 216; enters into an alii- ste s o i ertan b Jn D Rosem, the lord de, captured by the duke of Anjou, 229, ance with the king of France. 232; makes prepara- 205; surrenders to ir Bertrnd d Guesci, b Roucy, the town of, in Picardy, taken by Robin Scott, tions to invade England, lb.; sends to excuse himself 118; retaken by the archbishop of Rheims, 122. to the king of England for some inroads which the V. Roueles, the town of, in Galicia, surrenders to the duke Scott contrary to his orders, had made into England, of Lancaster, 405. M39; assembles a large army to invade England, with ST. VALERY, the castle of, taken by the king of Navarre, Rnouen, the inhabitants of, rebel against Charles the Sixth, the assistance of the admiral of France, 350. 116; taken by the earl do St. Po], 118; taken by sit 214. Sudbury, Simon de, archbishop of Canterbury and chan- Iugh de Chatillon, 179. Roueileboise- sur-Seine, the castle of, taken by Wanstre cellor of England, murdered in the Tower of London Valois, the lady Joan do, conclude, a truce between ts Ostrate, 127; delivered up to sir Bertrand du Guesclin, by Wat Tyler, 287. kings of France and England, 48. 159. Suffolk, the earl of, captured by the governor of Lille, 39. Vannes, the town of, surrenders to the earl of Montfort as Routes, a band of armed men to called, make war on Ar- Surgeres, the town of, taken by tihe earl of Derby, 84; duke of Brittany, 50; taken by storm by the lord ragon, 416; defeated by Raymond de Bachez, 417. surrenders to sir Bertrand du Guesclin, 213. Charles of Blois, 58; retaken by lord Robert d'Artoi Roye, the lord of, defeats and captures the lord of Gome- 62; taken by sir Oliver de Clisson, 63; besieged by the 62i; taken by sir Oliver do Clisson, 53; besieged by tire gines, 127. T. English, lb.; taken by sir Bertrand du Guesclin, 217. ltoye, sir Reginald de, with two other knights, holds a Varennes, John de, resigns all his preferments in the tournament near Calais against all comers, 509. TArLLs BOvRG, the town of, taken by the English under church, 563. e, James de la, executed at Paris for treason, 225 the earl of Derby, 84; surrenders to the French, 212; Vauclingen, the town of, taken by the duke of Burgundy, besieged by the duke of Bourbon, 344. 225. Taflles, tire nature of the tax so called, explained, 170, Vrndemont, earl of, captured at the battle of Poitiers, 105, note. Vaufiart de la Croix, sir, defeated in a skirmish at Pont A Talbot, lord, dies at Ruelles in Spain, 450. Tressin, 45; put to death at Lille, 46. irsm, the lord de, with two other knights, hold a tour- Tankerville, the earl of, taken prisoner by the English un- Vaulx, sir Henry de, tatren prisoner at Commercy, 128. iament near Calais against all comers, 509. der Edward the Third, 78; captured at the battle of Ventadour, the castle of, in Auvergne, betrayed to Geof8aintes, the town of, surrenders to the French forces, 2123. Poitiers, 185. frey Tete-noire, 248; besieged by the duke of Berry a/sintonge, the lord de, captured at the battle of Poitiers, Tarbe, sir Aimery de, killed in a naval engagement before 460; taken by his forces, 506. 105, la Rochelle, 209. Verchin, sir Gerard de, mortally wounded in a toumm&aintr, lord John de, captured at the battle of Poitiers, Tassegnon, the castle of, in Gascony, taken by six Thomas ment at Mons, 48. 101. Trivet, 243. Vemeuil, the town of, taken by the duke of Lancaster, l06, Sa.isbury, the earl of, taken prisoner by the garrison of Tax on income, established in France. 99. Verteuil, the town of, taken by the duke of Bourbon, 35(k Lille, 59; exchanged for the earl of MorayS56; heads Tello, don, brother of Henry, king of Castille, defeats a Vienne, sir John de, governor of Cala/i, sent prisoner ro an expedition into Brittany, 216; sent on an embassy body of English troops under sir William Felton, 164. England, 91 6S4 INDEX. X Vienne, sir John de, admiral of France, heads an expe- Viconti, sir Galeas de, puts sir Bernabo, his uncle. to 58; sends his sister, kssha of Bohemia, to Englan to dition to Scotland to invade England, 342; badly death, 343: enters into an. alliance with fthe sultan be married to Richard the Second, 295; dies at Luatreated by the Scots, 345; invades England, accom- Bajazet, 579. embourg, s6. panied by a Scottish army, 351; returns to France, Wisant, James and Peter, their patriotic conduct during 354: sent on ass embassy into Castille, 489; killed at W. the siege of Cslais, 91. the battle of Nicopoli, 588.Wykeham, sir William, appointed bishop of Worce Vienne, the dauphin of, invested with the duchy of Nor- WAxE, sir Thomas, defeated by ths Gasowa loads, 178. and chancellor of England, 177 mandy, 99. WalwoIth, sir Williamn lord mayor of London, assists to Vietat, don Alphonso, high admiral of Portugal, sent to secure Wat Tyler in Smithfield, 27 England to convey the duke of Lancaster and his army Wark castle, belonging to the earl of Salisbury, besieged Y. to Portugal, 399. by the Scots, 54. Vigo, the town of; in Galicia, surrenders to the army of Wars, the, between France and England, how caused, 55. YORK, the archbishop of, dismissed from his office oa the duke of Lancaster, 409. Warwick, the earl of, joins the duke of Gloucester in his treasurer by the commissioners of accounts, 442. Villtines, le begue de, one of the ministers of Charles the attempts to excite disturbances in England, 594; sent York. the duke of, his creation, 414; confederates with the )Sixth, arrested by the duke of Burgundy during his to the Tower, 601; banished to the Isle of Wight, 602; duke of Gloucester and others against king Richard regency, 553; liberated, 554. recalled by the earl of Derby, 617. and his council, 439. Viqleclope, the town of, in Galicia., taken by the duke of Wersey, lord Robert de, taken prisoner at the battle of Ypres, the town of, enters into an alliance with the meno Lancaster, 406. Nevil's Cross, 86. of Ghent, 256; turns to the earl of Flanders, 278: Es:rVillefranche, the town of, taken by the earl of Derby, 71; Whitehoods, the custom of wearing them revived at renders to the king of France, 318; besieged by th taken by storm by the duke of Normandy, 73; taken Ghent, 252. Bishop of Norwich, 326. by sir John Chandos, 185. Whlitehoods, the, see " GEHNT, MEN oP" rier, the town of, in Limoges, taken by sir Bertrah d tvacoub t sir Bernaho de, put tf death by hsis u bwo z, Winctlaut Da S er of Germany. his election, Gusclin, 3.