THE AV'IFE OF IBUNYlANr PERSUADES IIlEM TO READ HIS BOOKsS. THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS FROM THIS WORLD TO THAT WHICH IS TO CORIE; BY J OHN BUNYAN. WITH ILLUSTRATIONS FROM DESIGNS BY J. D. WATSON. NEW YORK: SHELDON & COMPANY, 335 BROADWAY. BOSTON: GOULD & LINCOLN. 1864, C ONTE N T S. A'hor's Apology for his Book, i PART I. TiE FIST STAGE. - Christian's deplorable condition - Evangelist directs him - Obstinate and Pliable — Slough of Despond — Worldly Wiseman - Mount Sinai —Conversation with Evangelist,. 7 THE SECOND STAGE. - The Gate - conversation with Good-Will - the Interpreter's house - Christian entertained - the sights there shown him,....32 I'HE TnHmD STAGE. - Loses his burden at tihe Cross - Simple, Sloth, Presumption, Formalist, Hypocrisy —hill Difficulty —the Arbor - misses his roll - the palace Beautiful - the lions - talk with Discretion, Piety, Prudence, and Charity-wonders shown to Christian -he is armed,..... 51 TEn' FOURTH STAGE.- Valley of Humiliation- conflict with Apollyon -Valley of the Shadow of Death - Giants Pope and Pagan,..... 79 THE FIFTH STAGE.- Discourse with Faithful - Talkative and Faithful - Talkative's character.... 95 THE SIXTH STAGE.- Evangelist overtakes Christian and Faithful — Vanity Fair- the Pilgrims brought to trial - Faithful's martyrdom,..... 126 THE SEVENTH STAGE.- Christian and Hopeful —By-ends and his companions - plain of Ease - Lucre-hill - Demas - the River of Life -Vain-Confidence- Giant Despair- the Pilgrims beaten - the Dungeon - the Key of Promise,... 145 THE EIGHTHI STAGE. - The Delectable Mountains - entertained by the Shepherds -a by-way to Hell,.... 176 THE NINThI STAGE. - Christian and Hopeful meet Ignorance -J urnaway — Little-Faith - the Flatterer - the net - chastised by a Shinir g One -Atheist - Enchanted Ground - Hopeful's account ref his conversion - discourse of Christian and Ignorance,. 183 iv CONTENTS. frrE TENTH STAGE. - Talk of Christian and Hopeful -- Temporary - the backslider - the land of Beulah - Christian and Hopeful pass the River- welcome to the Celestial City,. 224 Conclusion of Part First,..246 PART II. Author's Apology for the Second Part,. 249 Pilgrimage of Christiana and her children,.... 257 THE FIRST STAGE. - Christiana and Mercy - Slough of Despond - knocking at the Gate - the Dog - talk between the Pilgrims, 275 THE SECOND STAGE. - The Devil's garden - two ill-favored ones assault them-tho Reliever-entertainment at the Interpreter's house -the Significant Rooms-Christiana and Mercy's experience, 288 TH.EE TnIRD STAGE. - Accompanied by Great-Heart - the Cross - justified by Christ - Sloth and his companions hung — the hill Difficulty - the Arbor,..312 TIaE FOURTH STAGE.- The Lions - Giant Grim slain by Great-Heart -the Pilgrims entertained -the children catechized by Prudence — Mhr. Brisk- Matthew sick —the remedy- sights shown the Pilgrims,. 326 THE FIFTH STAGE. -Valley of Humiliation -Valley of the Shadow of Death - Giant Maul slain,. 355 THE SIXTH STAGE. - Discourse with Old Honest - character and history of Mr1 Fearing - Mr. Self-will and some professors - Gains' house-conversation-the supper-Old Honest and Great-Heart's riddles and discourse-Giant Slay-good killed-Mr. Feeble-mind's history - Mr. Ready-to-halt -Vanity Fair - Mr. Mnason's house - cheering entertainment and converse - a Monster.. 372 TnHE SEVENTH STAPE. - Hill Lucre - River of Life - Giant Despair killed - the Pr ectable Mountains — entertainment by the Shepherds,. 424 THt EPIG1TH STAGE. -Valiant-for-Truth's-Victory - his talk with G. Bat-Heart - the Enchanted Ground - Heedless and Too-bola - Mr. Stand-fast - Madam Bubble's temptations - the land of Beulal - Christiana summoned - her parting addresses - she passes the River -she is followed by Ready-to-halt, Feeble-mind, Desspondency and his daughter, Honest, Valiant, and Steadfast, 440 Author's Farewell,..... 75 THE AUTHOR'S APOLOGY FOR HI S BOOK WnREN at the first I took my pen in hand Thus for to write, I did not understand That I at all should make a little book In such a mode: nay, I had undertook To make another; which, when almost done, Before I was aware I this begun. And thus it was: I, writing of the way And race of saints in this oru gospel-day, Fell suddenly into an allegory About their journey, and the way to glory, In more than twenty things which I set down' This done, I twenty more had in my crown, And they again began to multiply, Like sparks that firom the coals of fire do fly. Nay, then, thought I, if that you breed so fast, I'11 put you by yourselves, lest you at-last Should prove adl infinitum,' and eat out The book that I already am about. Well, so I did; but yet I did not think To show to all the world my pen and ink In such a mode; I only thought to make I knew not what: nor did I undertake Thereby to please my neighbor; no, not I; T did it my own self to gratify. Neither did I but vacant seasons spend In this my scribble; nor did I intend But to divert myself, in doing this, From worser thoughts, which make me do amisa Thus I set pen to paper with delight, And quickly had my thoughts in black and white;' Without end. 2 PILGRIM' s PROGRESS. For having now my method by the cnd, Still as I pull'd, it came; a ind so I penned It down; until it came at last to be, For length and breadth, the bigness which you a,. Well, when I had tlls put mine ends together I show'd them others, that I might see whether They would condemn them, or them justify: And some said, Let them live; some, Let them di Some said, John, print it; others said, Not so: Some said, It might do good; others said, No.. Now was I in a strait, and did not see Which was the best thing to be done by me: At last I thought, Since ye are t-hus divided, I print it will; and so the case decided. For, thought I, some I see would have it douae Though others in that channel do not run: To prove, then, who advised for the best, Thus I thought fit to put it to the test. I further thought, if now I did deny Those that would have it, thus to gratify; I did not know, but hinder them I might Of that which would to them be great delight. For those which were not for its coming forth, I said to them, Offend you, I am loath; Yet since your brethren pleased with it be, Forbear to judge, till you do further see. If that thou wilt not read, let it alone; Some love the meat, some love to pick the bone. Yea, that I might them better palliate, I did too with them thus expostulate: Mav I not write in such a style as this? In such a method too, and yet not miss My end - thy good? Why may it not be done? Dark clouds bring waters, when the b'right bring nowm Yea, dark or bright, if they their silver drops Cause to descend, the earth, by yielding crops Gives praise to both, and cm'peth not at either, m.t treasures up the fruit they yield together; Yea, so cornumixes both, that in their fruit None can distinguish this from that; they suit Her well when hungry; but if she be full, She spews out both, and makes their blessing mIll, You see the ways the fisherman doth take To catch the fish; what engines doth he madke I Behold how he engageth all his wits; THE AUTHOR'S APOLOGY, Also his snares, lines, angles, hooks, and nets: Yet fish there be, that neither hook nor line, Nor snare, nor net, nor engine can make thine: They must be groped for, and be tickled too, Or they will not be catch'd, vwhate'er you do. How does the fowler seek to catch his game By divers means I all which one cannot name. His gmns, his nets, his lime-twigs, light and bell: He creeps, he goes, he stands; yea, who can tell Of all his postures? yet there's none of these Will make hlim master of what fowls he please. Yea, he must pipe and whistle, to catch this; Yet if he does so, that bird he will miss. If that a pearl may in toad's head dwell, And may be found too in an oyster-shell; If things that promise nothing, do contain What better is than gold; who will disdain, That have an inkling* of it, there to look, That they may find it. Now my little book, (Though void of all these paintings that may make it with this or the other man to take,) Is not without those things that do excel What do in brave but empty notions dwell. " Well, yet I am not fully satisfied That this your book will stand, when soundly tried." Why, what's the matter? "It is dark." What though "But it is feigned." What of that? I trow Some men by feigned words, as dark as mine, Make truth to spangle, and its rays to shine. " But they want solidness." Speak, man, thy mind. "They drown the weak; metaphors make us blind." Solidity, indeed, becomes the pen Of him that writeth things divine to men: But must I needs want solidness, because By metaphors I speak? Were not God's laws, His gospel laws, in olden time held forth By types, shadows, and metaphors? Yet loth Will any sober man be to find fault With them, lest he be found for to assault The highest wisdom I No, he rather stoops, And seeks to find out what, by pins and loops, By calves and sheep, by heifers, and by rams, By birds and herbs, and by the blood of lambs, God speaketh to him; and happy is he That finds the light and grace that in them be.'*lint, wnlisper, insinuation. PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. But not too forward, therefore, to conclude That I want solidness - that I am rude; All things solid in show, not solid be; All things in parable despise not we, Lest things most hurtful lightly we receive, And things that good are, of our souls bereave. My dark and cloudy words they do but hold The truth, as cabinets inclose the gold. The prophets us> - much by metaphors To set forth truth: yta, who so considers Christ, his apostles too, shall plainly see, That truths to this day in such mantles be. Am I afraid to say, that holy writ, Which for its style and phrase puts down all wit Is everywhere so full of all these things, Dark figures, allegories? Yet there springs From that same book, that lustre, and those rays Of light, that turn our darkest nights to days. Come, let my carper to his life now look, And find there darker lines than in my book He findeth any; yea, and let him know, That in his best things there are worse lines too. May we but stand before impartial men, To his poor one I durst adventure ten, That they will take my meaning in these lines Far better than his lies in silver shrines. Come, truth, although in swaddling-clothes, I find Informs the judgment, rectifies the mind; Pleases the understanding, makes the will Submit, the memory too it doth fill With what doth our imagination please; Likewise it tends our troubles to appease. Sound words, I know, Tirmothy is to use, And old wives' fables lie is to refuse But yet grave Paul him nowhere doth forbid The use of parables, in which lay hid That gold, those pearls, and precious stones that wewr Worth digging for, and that with greatest care. Let me add one word more. 0 man of God, Art tlou offended? Dost thou wish I had Put forth my matter in another dress? Or that I had in things been more express? Three things let me propound; then I submit To those that are my betters, as is fit. THE AUTBORIS APOLOGY, 1. I find not that I am denied the use Of this my method, so I no abuse Put on the words, things, Leaders, or be rude In handling figure or similitude, In application; but all that I may Seek the advance of truth this or that way. Denied, did I say? Nay, I have leave, (Example too, and that from them that have God better pleased, by their words or ways, Than any man that breatheth now-a-days,) Thus to express my mind, thus to declare Things unto thee that excellentest are. 2. I find that men as high as trees will write Dialogue-wise; yet no man doth them slight For writing so. Indeed, if they abuse Truth, cursed be they, and the craft they use To that intent; but yet let truth be free To make her sallies upon thee and me, Which way it pleases God: for who knows how, Better than he that taught us first to plough, To guide our minds and pens for his designs 2 And he makes base things usher in divine. 3. I find that holy writ, in many places, Hath semblance with this method, where the cases Do call for one thing to set forth another: Use it I may then, and yet nothing smother Truth's golden beams: nay, by this method may Make it cast forth its rays as light as day. And now, before I do put up my pen, I'll show the profit of my book; and then Commit both thee and it unto that hand That pulls the strong down, and makes weak ones stan4 This book it chalketh out before thine eyes The man that seeks the everlasting prize: It shows you whence he comes whither he goes. What he leaves undone; also what he does: It also shows you how he runs, and runs, Till he unto the gate of glory comes. It shows, too, who set out for life amain, As if the lasting crown they would obtain; Here also you may see the reason why They lose their labor, and like fools do die. This book will make a traveler of thee, If by its counsel thou wilt ruled be; It will direct thee to the Holy Land, If thou wilt its directions understand A*a~ PILGRIM'S PROGRESS, Yea, it will make the slothful active be; The blind also delightful things to see. Art thou for something rare and profitable? Or would'st thou see a truth within a fable? Art thou forgetful.? Wouldest thou remember From New-Year's day to the last of December? Then read my fancies; they will stick like burs, Aiid may be, to the helpless, comforters. This book is writ in such a dialect As may the minds of listless men affeui: It seems a novelty, and yet contains Nothing but sound and honest gospel strains. Would'st thou divert thyself from melancholy? Would'st thou be pleasant, yet be far from folly? Would'st thou read riddles, and their explanation? Or else be drowned in thy contemplation? Dost thou love picking meat? Or would'st thou see A man i' the clouds, and hear him speak to thee? Would'st thou be in a dream,.and yet not sleep? Or would'st thou in a moment laugh and weep? Would'st thou lose thyself and catch no harmr. And find thyself again without a charm? Would'st read thyself, and read thou know'st not what, And yet know whether thou art blest or not, By reading the same lines? 0 then come hither, And lay my book, thy head, and heart together. JOHN BUNYAN. (IRSA REAI)IN(} HIS BOOK. THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. THE FIRST STAGE. As I walked through the wilderness of this world, I lighted on a certain place where was a den,' and laid me down in that place to sleep; and as I slept,.I dreamed a dream. I dreamed, and behold, I saw a man clothed with rags standing in a certain place, with his face from his own house, a book in his hand, and a great burden upon his back. Isa. 64: 6; Luke 14: 33; Psalm 38: 4. I looked and saw him open the book, and read therein; and as he read, he wept and trembled; and not being able longer to contain, he brake out with a lamentable cry, saying, "What shall I do?" Acts 2: 37; 16: 30; Habak. 1: 2, 3. *Bedford jail, in which the author was a prisoner for conscienceW sake, PILGRIM'S PtOGRESS. In this plight, therefore, he went home, and restrained himself as long as he could, that his wife and children should not perceive his distress; but he could not be silent long, because that his trouble increased. Wherefore at length he brake his mind to his wife and children; and thus he began to talk to them: "0, my dear wife." said he. "and you the children of my bowels, I, your dear friend, am in myself undone by reason of a burden that lieth hard upon me; moreover, I am certainly informed that this our city will be burnt with fire from heaven; in which fearful overthrow, both myself, with thee my wife, and you my sweet babes, shall miserably come to ruin, except (the which yet I see not) some way of escape can be found whereby we may be delivered." At this his relations were sore aniazed; not for that they believed that what he had said to them was true, but because they thought that some frenzy distemper had got into his head; therefore, it drawing towards night, and they hoping that sleep might settle his brains, with all haste they got him to bed. But the night was as troublesome to him as the day; wherefore, instead of sleeping, he spent it in sighs and tears. So when the morning was,'9ome, they would know how he did Fie told them, "Worse and worse -" he also set EVANGELIST DIRECTS HIM. 9 to talking to them again; but they began to be hardened. They also thought to drive away his distemper by harsh and surly carriage to him; sometimes they would deride, sometimes they would chide, and sometimes they would quite neglect him. Wherefore he began to retire himself to his chamber to pray for and pity them, and also to condole his own misery; he would also walk solitarily in the fields, sometimes reading, and sometimes praying: and thus for some days he spent his time. Now I saw, upon a time, when he was walking in the fields, that he was (as he was wont) reading in his book, and greatly distressed in his mind; and as he read, he burst out, as he had done before, crying, "What shall I do to be, saved?" Acts 1.6: 30, 31. I saw also that he looked this way, and that way, as if he would run; yet he stood still because (as I perceived) he could not tell which way to go. I looked then, and saw a. man named Evangelist coining to him, and he asked, "Wherefore dost thou cry?" He answered, 4" Sir, I perceive, by the book in my hand, that I am condemned to die, and after that to come to judgment, Heb. 9: 27; and I find that I am not willing to do the first, Job 10: 21, 22, nor able to do the second." Ezek. 22: 14. 10 PTITtIGRIM'S PROGRESS. Then said Evangelist, "Why not willing to die, since this life is attended with so many evils?" The man answered, 1" Because I fear that this burden that is upon my back will sink me lower than the grave, and I shall fall into Tophet. Isa. 30: 33. And sir, if I be not fit to go to prison, I am not fit to go to judgment, and fromt thence to execution; and the thoughts of these things make me cry." Then said Evangelist, " If this be thy condition, why standest thou still?" lie answered, "Because I know not whither to go." Then he gave him a parchment roll, and there was written within, C "Fly from the wrath to come." Matt. 3: 7. The man therefore read it, and, looking upon Evangelist very carefully, said, c" Whither must I fly?" Then said Evangelist, (pointing with his finger over a very wide field,) " Do you see yonder wicket-gate?" Matt. 7: 13, 14. The man said, " No." Then said the other, "Do you see yonder shining light?" Psalm 119: 105; 2 Pet. 1: 19. lie said, " I think I do." Then said Evangelist, " Keep that light in your eye, and go up directly thereto, so shalt thou see the gate; at which, when thou knockest, it shall be told thee what thou shalt do." So I saw in my dream that the man began to run. Now he had not run far from his own door when his wife and children, OBSTINATE AND PLIABLE. 1] perceiving it, began to cry after him to return; but the man put his fingers in his ears and ran on, crying, " Life! life! eternal life!" -Luke 14: 26. So he looked not behind him, Gen. 19: 17, but fled towards the middle of the plain. The neighbors also came out to see him run, Jer. 20: 10; and as he ran, some mocked, others threatened, and some cried after him to return; and among those that did so, there were two that resolved to fetch him back by force. The name of the one was Obstinate, and the name-of the other Pliable. Now by this time the man was got a good distance from them; but, however, they were resolved to pursue him, which they did, and in a little time they overtook him. Then said the man, "Neighbors, wherefore are ye come?' They said,' To persuade you to go back with us." But he said, "That can by no means be: you dwell," said he, "Min the city of Destruction, the place also where I was born: I see it to be so; and dying there, sooner or later you -will sink lower than the grave, into a place that burns with fire and brimstone: be content, good neighbors, and go along with me." OBST. What, said Obstinate, and leave our friends and our comforts behind us! CHn. Yes, shid Christian, (for that was his,mlme.) because that all which you forsake is not 12 PILGR1IM'S PROGRESS. worthy to be compared with a little of that I am seeking to enjoy, 2 Cor. 4: 18; and if you will go along with me, and hold it, you shall fare as I myself; for there, where I go, is enough and to spare. Luke 15: 17. Come away, and prove my words. OBST. What are the things you seek, since you leave all the world to find them? CHR. I seek an inheritance incorruptible, undefiled, and that fadeth not away, 1 Peter 1: 4; and it is laid up in heaven, and safe there, IHeb. 11: 16, to be bestowed,at the time appointed, on them that diligently seek it. Read it so, if you will, in my book. OBST. Tush, said Obstinate, away with your book; will you go back with us or no? CnR. No, not I, said the other, because I have laid my hand to the plough. Luke 9: 62. OBST. Come then, neighbor Pliable, let us turn again, and go home without him: there is a company of these crazy-headed coxcombs, i.hat when they take a fancy by the end, are wiser in their own eyes than seven men that can render a reason. PLI. Then said Pliable, Don't revile; if what good Christian says is true, the things he looks after are better than ours: my heart inclines to go with my neighbor. OBSTINATE GOES BACK. 13 OBST. What, more fools still! Be ruled by me, andcl go back; who knows whither such a brain-sick fellow will lead you? Go back, go back, and be wise. CHR. Nay, but do thou come with thy neigh-'bor Pliable; there are such things to be had which I spoke of; and many Miore glories besides. If you believe not me, read here in this book; and for the truth of what is expressed therein, behold, all is confirmed by the blood of Him that made it. Heb. 9: 17-21. PLI. Well, neighbor Obstinate, said Pliable, I begin to come to a point; I intend to go along with this good man, and to cast in my lot with him: but, my good companion, do you know the way to this desired place? CHn. I am directed by a man, whose name is Evangelist, to speed me to a little gate that is before us, where we shall receive instructions about the way. PL. Come then, good neighbor, let us be going. Then they went both together. OBST. And I will go back to my place, said Obstinate: I will be no companion of such misled, fantastical fellows. Now I saw in my dream, that when Obstinate wes gone back, Christian and Pliable went talk2 14 PI-L GRIM'S PROGRESS ing over the plain; and thus they began their discourse. COR. Come, neighbor Pliable, how do you do? I am glad you are persuaded to go along with me. Had even Obstinate himself but felt what I have felt of the powers and terrors of what is yet unseen, he would not thus lightly have given us the back. PLI. Come, neighbor Christian, since there are none but us two here, tell me now farther, what the things are, and how to be enjoyed, whither we are going. CHR. I can better conceive of them with my mind, than speak of them with my tongue: but, vet, since you are desirous to know, I will read of them in my book. PLI. And do you think that the words of your book are certainly true? CuR. Yes, verily; for it was made by Him that cannot lie. Tit. 1: 2. PL. Well said; what things are they? CaR. There is an endless kingdom to be inhabited, and everlasting life to be given us, that we may inhabit that kingdom for ever. Isa. 65: 17; John 10: 27-29. PL. Well said; and what else? OCra. There are crowns of glory to be given CHRISTIAN AND PLIABLE. ]' us; and garments that will make us shine like the sun in the firmament of heaven. 2 Tim. 4: 8, Rev. 22: 5; Martt. 13: 43. PLI. This is very pleasant; and what else? CHR. There shall be no more crying, nor sorrow; for he that is owner of the place will wipe all tears from our eyes. Isa. 25: 8; Rev 7: 16, 17; 21: 4. PL. And what company shall we have there? CInR. There we shall be with seraphims and cherubims, Isaiah 6: 2; 1 Thess. 4: 16, 17; Rev. 5: 11; creatures that will dazzle your eyes to look on them. There also you shall meet with thousands and ten thousands that have gone before us to that place; none of them are hurtful, but loving and holy; every one walking in the sight of God, and standing in his presence with acceptance for ever. In a word, there we shall see the elders with their golden crowns, Rev. 4: 4; there we shall see the holy virgins with their golden harps, Rev. 14: 1-5; there we shall see men, that by the world were cut in pieces, burnt in flames, eaten of beasts, drowned in the seas, for the love they bare to the Lord of the place, John 12: 25; all well, and clothed with immortality as with a garment. 2 Cor. 5 2. Pr The hearinug of this is enough Go ravish PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. one's heart. But are these things to be enjoyed? fHow shall, we get to be sharers thereof? CHR. The Lord, the governor of the country, hath recorded that in this book, Isaiah 55: 1, 2; John 6: 37; 7: 37; Rev. 21: 6; 22: 17; the substance of which is, If we be truly willing to have it, he will bestow it upon us freely. PLI. Well, my good companion, glad am I to hear of these things: come on, let us mend our pace. CHR. I cannot go as fast as I would, by reason of this burden that is on my back. Now I saw in my dream, that just as they had ended this talk, they drew nigh to a very miry slough that was' in the midst of the plain: and they being heedless, did both fall suddenly into the bog. The name of the slough was Des-. -pDon1d. Here, therefore, they wallowed for a time, beinggrieviously bedaiabed with dirt; and Christian, because of the burden that was on his back, began to sink in the mire. PLI. Then said Pliable, Ah, neighbor Christian, where are you now? CHR. Truly, said Christian, I do not know. PLI. At this Pliable began to be offended, and angrily said to his fellow, Is this the happiness you have told me all this while of? If we have 3uch ill speed at our first setting out, what may THE STEPS OF PROMISE. we expect between this and our journey's end? May I get, out again with my life, you shall possess the brave country alone for me. And with that he gave a desperate struggle or two, and got out of the mire on that side of the slough which was next to his own house: so away he went, and Christian saw him no more. Wherefore Christian was left to tumble in the Slough of Despond alone; but still he endeavored to struggle to that side of the slough that was farthest fromi his own house, and next to the wicket-gate; the which he did, but could not get out because of the burden that was upon his back: but I beheld in my dream, that a man came to him, whose name was Help, and asked him what he did there. CHRn. Sir, said Christian, I was bid to gc this way by a man called Evangelist, who directed mne also to yonder. gate, that I might escape the wrath to come. And as I was going thither, I fell in here. HELP. But why did not you look for the steps? CnR. Fear followed me so hard that I fled the next way, and fell in. HELP. Then said he, Give me thine hand: so he gave him his hand, and he drew him out, Psalm 40: 2 and he set him upon sound ground, and bid him go on his wVty. Is YPILGRIiM'S PROGRESS. Then I stepped to him that plucked him 3 and said, C"Sir, wherefore, since over this lace is the way from the city of Destruction to yonder gate, is it, that this plat is not mended, that poor travellers might go thither with more security?" And he said unto me, " This miry slough is such a place as cannot be mended: it is the descent whither the scum and filth that attends conviction for. sin doth continually run, and therefore it is called the Slough of lDespond; for still, as the sinner is awakened about his lost condition, there arise in.his soul many fears and' doubts, and discouraging apprehensions, which all of them. get together, and settle in this place: and this is the reason of the badness of this ground. "It is not the pleasure of the King that this pla.ce should remain so bad. Isa. 35: 3, 4. His laborers also have, by the direction of his Majesty's surveyors, been for above these sixteen hundred years employed about this patch of ground, if perhaps it might have been mended: yea, and to my knowledge," said he, 1" there have been swallowed up at least twenty thousand cartloads, yea, millions of wholesome instructions, that have at all seasons been brought from all places of the King's dominions, (and they that can tell, say, they are the best materials to make PLIABLE GETS HOME. 9 good ground of the place,) if so be it might have been mended; but it is the Slough of Despond still, and sb will be when they have done what they can. " True, there are, by the direction of the Lawgiver, certain good and substantial steps,, placed even through the very midst of this slough; but at such time as this place doth much spew out its filth, as it doth against change of weather, these steps are hardly seen; or if they be, men, through the dizziness of their heads, step beside, and then they are bemired to purpose, notwithstanding the steps be there: but the ground is good when they are once got in at the gate." I Sam. 12: 23. Now I saw in my dream, that by this time Pliable was got home to his house. So his neighbors came to visit him; and some of them called himn wise man for corming back, and some called him fool for hazarding himself with Christian: others again did mock at his cowardliness, saying, " Surely, since you began to venture, I would not have been so base as to have given out for a few difficulties:" so Pliable sat sneaking among them. But at last he got more confidence, and then they all turned their tales, and began to deride poor Christian behind his back. And thus much concerning Pliable. 20 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. Now as Christian was walking solitarily by himself, he espied one afar off come crossing over the field to meet him; and their hap was to meet just as they were crossing the way of each other. The gentleman's name that met him was Mr. Worldly Wiseman: he dwelt in the town of Carnal Policy, a very great town, and also hard by from whence Christian came. This man then, meeting with Christian, and having some inklings of him, (for Christian's setting forth from the city of Destruction was much noised abroad, not only in the town where he dwelt, but also it began to be the town-talk in some other places) - Mr. Worldly Wiseman, therefore, having some guess of him, by beholding his laborious going, by observing his sighs and groans, and the like, began thus to enter into some talk with Christian. WORLD. How now, good fellow, whither away after this burdened manner? CHR. A burdened manner indeed, as ever T think poor creature had! - And whereas you -ash me, Whither away? I tell you, sir, I am going to yonder wicket-gate before me; for there, as I am informed, I shall be put into a way to be rid of my heavy burden. WORLD. Hast thou a wife ana children? Slight knowledge. WORLDLY WISEMAN 2A CHR. Yes; but I am so laden with this burden, that I cannot take that pleasure in them as Formerly: methinks I am as if I had none. I Cor. 7: 29. WORLD. Wilt thou hearken to me, if I give thee counsel? CHR. If it be good, I will; for I stand in need of good counsel. WORLD. I would advise thee, then, that thou with all speed get thyself rid of thy burden; for thou wilt never be settled in thy mind till then: nor canst thou enjoy the benefits of the blessings which God hath bestowed upon thee till then. CnR. That is that which I seek for, even to be rid of this heavy burden: but get it off myself I cannot, nor is there any man in our country that can take it off my shoulders; therefore I am going this way, as I told you, that I may be rid of my burden. WORLD. Who bid thee go this way to be rid of thy burden? CHR. A man that appeared to me to be a very great and honorable person: his name, as I remember, is Evangelist. WORLD. I beshrew' him for his counsel! there is not a more dangerous and troublesome way in " Wish a curse to. UP 22 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. the world than is that into which he hath directed thee; and that thou shalt find, if thou wilt be ruled by his counsel. Thou hast met with som3ething, as I perceive, already; for I see the dirt of the Slough of Despond is upon thee: but that slough is the beginning of the sorrows that do attend those that go on in that way. Hear me; I am older than thou: thou art like to meet with, in the way which thou goest, wearisomeness, painfiliness, hunger, perils, nakedness, sword, lions, dragons, darkness, Land, in a word, death, and what6, not. These things are certainly true, ha.ing been confirmed by many testimonies. And should a man so carelessly cast away himself, by giving heed to a stranger? Cim. Why, sir, this burden on my back is more terrible to me than all these things which you have mentioned: nay, mroethinks I care not what I meet with in the way, if so be I can also meet with deliverance from my burden. WoRLD. How camest thou by thy burden a* first? CHR. By reading this book in my hand. WORLD. I thou ght so; and it has happened unto thee as to other weak men, who, meddling wvilhl thfings too high for them, do suddenly fall into thy distractions; which distractions do not only unman men.,s tfhine I perceive have done -WORLDLY WISEMAN. thee, but they run them upon desperate ventures, to obtain they know not what. Cag. I know what I would obtain; it is ease from my heavy burden. WORLD. But why wilt thou seek for ease this way, seeing so many dangers attend it? especially since (hadst thou but patience to hear me) I could direct thee to the obtaining of what thou desirest, without the dangers that thou in this way wilt run thyself into. Yea, and the remedy is at hand. Besides, I will add, that instead of those dangers, thou shalt meet with much safety, friendship, and content. CHR. Sir, I pray open this secret to me. WORLD. Why, in yonder village (the village is named Morality) there dwells a. gentleman whose name is Legality, a very judicious man, and a man of a very good name, that has skill to help men off with such burdens as thine is from their shoulders; yea to my knowledge, he hath done a great deal of good this way; aye, and besides, he hath skill to cure those that are somewnat crazed in their wits with their' burdens. To him, as I said, thou mayest go, and be helped presently. His house is not quite a mile from this place; and if he should not be at home himself, he hath a pretty young man to his son, whose name is Civility, that can do it (to PILGRIMI'S PROGRESS. speak on) as well as the old gentleman himnseif: there, I say, thou mayest be eased of thy burden; and if Thou art not minded to go back to thy former habitation, (as indeed I would not wish thee,) thou mayest send for thy wife and children to this village, where there are houses now standing empty, one of which thou mayest have at a reasonable rate: provision is there also cheap and good; and that which will make thy life the more happy is, to be sure there thou shalt live by honest neighbors, in credit and good fashion. Now was Christian somewhat at a stand; but presently he concluded, If this be true which this gentleman hath said, my wisest course is to take his advice: and with that he thus farther spake. CHR. Sir, which is my way to this honest man's house? WoRLD. Do you see yonder high hill? CIR. Yes, very well. WORLD. By that hill you must go, and the first house you come at is his. So Christian turned out of his way to go to Mr. Legality's house for help: but, behold, when he was got now hard by the hill, it seemed so high, and also that side of it that was next the way-side did hang so much over, that Christian was afraid to venture further, lest the hill should UNIfDER MOUNT SINAl.o fall on his head; wherefore there he stood still, and wotted not what to do. Also his burden now seemed heavier to hinm than while he was in his way. There came also flashes of fire, Ex. 19: 16, 18, out of the hill, that made Christian afraid that he should be burnt: here therefore he did sweat and qualke for fear. Heb. 12: 21. And now he began to be sorry that he had taken Mr. Worldly Wiseman's counsel; and with that he saw Evangelist coming to meet him, at the sight also of whom he began to blush for shame. So Evangelist drew nearer and nearer; and coming up to him, he looked upon him,with a severe and dreadful countenance, and thus began to reason with Christian. EVAN.'What doest thou here, Christian? said he: at which words Christian knew not what to answer; wherefore at present he stood speechless before him. Then said Evangelist farther, Art not thou the man that I found crying without the walls of the city of Destruction? CuR. Yes, dear sir, I am the man. EVAN. Did not I direct thee the way to the little wicket-gate? CHR. Yes, dear sir, said Christian. EVAN. HOW is it then thou art so quickly turned aside? For thou art now out of the way. ChR. I met with a gentleman so soon as I PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. had got over the Slough of Despond, who per. muaded me that I might, in the village before me find a man that could take off my burden. EvAN. What was he? Can. lie looked ike a gentleman, and talked much to me, and got me at last to yield: so I came hither; but when I beheld this hill, and how it hangs over the way, I suddenly made a stand, lest it should fall on my head. EVAN. What said that gentleman to you? CHR. Why, he asked me whither I was going; and I told him. EVAN. And what said he then? CHR. He asked me if I had a family; and I told him. But, said I, I am so laden with the burden that is on my back, that I cannot take pleasure in them as formerly. EVAN. And what said he then? CnR. He bid me with speed get rid of my burden; and I told him it was ease that I sought. And, said I, I am therefore going to yonder gate, to receive farther direction how I may gem to the place of deliverance. So he said that he would show me a better way, and short, not so attended with difficulties as the way, sir, that you set me in; which way, said he, will direct you to a gentleman's house that hath skill to take off these, burdens: so I believed him, and EVARNGELIST CONVINCES HIM. 27 turned out of that way into this, if haply] I might be soon eased of my burden. But when I came to this place, and beheld things as they are, I stopped, for fear (as I said) of danger: but I now know not what to do. EVAN. Then said Evangelist, Stand still a little, that I show thee the worls of God. So he stood trembling. Then said Evangelist, "See tfhat ye refuse not Him that speaketh; for if they escaped not who refused him that spake on earth, much more shall not.we escape, if we turn away from Him that speaketh from heaven." Heb. 12: 25. He said, moreover, " Now the just shall live by faith; but if any man draw back, my soul shall have no pleasure in him." Heb. 10: 38. He also did thus apply them: Thou art the man that art running into this misery; thou hast begun to reject the counsel of the Most HIigh, and to draw back thy foot from the way of peace, even almost to the hazarding of thy perdition. Then Christian fell down at his feet as dead, crying, Woe is me, for I am undone! At the sight of which Evangelist caught him by the right hand, saying, "All manner of sin and blasphemies shall be forgiven unto men." Matt. 12: 31. "Be not faithless, but believing." John 20'27. Then did Christian again a little revive, 28 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. and stood up trembling, as at first, before Evan. gelist. Then Evangelist proceeded, saying, Give more earnest heed to the things'that I shall tell thee of. I will now show thee who it was that deluded thee, and who it was also to whom he sent thee. The man that met thee is one Worldly Wiseman, and rightly is he so called; partly because he savoreth only the doctrine of this world, 1 John, 4: 5, (therefore he always goes to the town of Moralitv to church;) and partly because he loveth that doctrine best, for it saveth him best from the cross, Gal. 6: 12: and because he is of this carnal temper, therefore he seeketh to pervert my ways, though right. Now there are three things in this man's counsel that thou. must utterly abhor. i. His turning thee out of the way. 2. His laboring to render the cross odious to thee. 3. And his setting thy feet in that way that leadeth unto the administration of death. First, Thou must abhor his turning thee out of the way; yea, and thine own consenting thereto; because this is to reject the counsel of God for the sake of the counsel of a Worldly Wiseman. The Lord says, " Strive to enter in at the straight gate," Luke 13: 24, the gate to EVANGELIST CONIVINCES HIM. 29 which I send thee; "for strait is the gate that leadeth unto life, and few there be that find it."' Matt. 7: 13, 14. From this little wicket-gate, and from the way thereto, hath this wicked man turned thee, to the bringing of thee almost to destruction: hate, therefore, his turning thee out of the way, and abhor thyself for hearkening to him. Secondly, Thou must abhor his laboring to render the cross odious unto thee; for thou art to prefer it before the treasures of Egypt. Heb. 11: 25, 26. Besides, the King of glory hath told thee, that he that will save his life shall lose it. And he that comes after him, and hates not his father, and mother, and wife, and children, and brethren, and sisters, yea, and his own life also, he cannot be his disciple. Mark 8: 38; John 12: 25; Matt. 10:39; Luke 14: 26. I say, therefore, for man to labor to persuade thee that that shall be thy death, without which, the truth hath said, thou canst not have eternal life, this doctrine thou must abhor. Thirdly, Thou must hate his setting of thy feet in the way that leadeth to the ministration of death. And for this thou must consider to whom he sent thee, and also how unable that person was to deliver thee from thy burden. He to whom thou wast sent for ease, being 3 - 1* 80 $PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. by name Legality, is the son of the bond-womha2. which now is, and is in bondage with her clhildren, Gal. 4: 21-27, and is, in a mystery, tlis Mount Sinai, which thou hast feared will fall on thy head. Now if she with her children are in bondage. how canst thlox expect by them to be made free? Tllis Legality, therefore, is not able to set thee free from thy burden. No man was as yet ever rid of his burden by him; no, nor ever is like to be: ye cannot be justified by the works of the law; for by the deeds of the law no man living can be rid of his burden. Therefore Mr. Worldly Wiseman is an alien, and Mr. Legality is a cheat; anid for his son Civility, notwithstanding his simpering looks, he is but a hypocrite, and cannot help thee. Believe me, there is nothing in all this noise that thou hast heard of these sottish men, but a design to beguile thee of thy salvation, by turning thee from the way in which I had set thee. After this, Evangelist called aloud to the heavens for confirmation of what he had said; and with that there came words and fire out of the mountain under which poor Christian stood, which made the hair of his flesh stand up. The words were pronounced: "As many as are of the works of the law, are under the curse; for it is written, Cursed is every one that continueth not in all things EVANGELIST COMFOITS HIM 31 which are written in the book of the law to do them." Gal. 3: 10. Now Christian looked for nothing but death, and began to cry out lamentably; even cursing the time in which he met with Mr. Worldly Wiseman; still calling himself a thousand fools for hearkening to his counsel. HIe also was greatly ashamed to think that this gentleman's arguments, flowing only from the flesh, should have the prevalency with him so far as to cause him to forsake the right way. This done, he applied himself again to Evangelist in words and sense as follows. CnR. Sir, what think you? Is there any hope? May I now go back, and go up to the wicket-gate? Shall I not be abandoned for this, and sent backl from thence ashamed? I am sorry I have hearkened to this man's counsel; but may my sin be forgiven? EvA. Then said Evangelist to him, Thy sin is very great, for by it thou hast committed two evils: thou hast forsaken the way that is good, to tread in forbidden paths. Yet will the man at the gate receive thee, for he has good-will for men; only, said he, take heed that thou turn not aside again, lest thou "perish from the way, when his wrath is kindled but a little-" Psalmrn 2:12. 32 VP [tGRIM'S PROGRESSB TH:E SECOND STAGE. Then did Christian address himself to go back; and Evangelist, after he had lissed hhin, gave him one smile, and bid him God speed: so he went on with haste, neither spake he to any man by the way; nor if any man asked him would he vouchsafe t.hem an answer. He went like one that was all the while treading on forbidden ground, and could by no means think himself safe, till again he was got into the way which he had left to follow Mr. Worldly Wiseman's counsel. So, in process of time, Christian got ap to the gate. Now, over the gate there was written, "Knock, and it shall be opened unto you." Matt. 7: 7. He knocked, therefore, more than once or twice, saying, 4"May I now enter here? Will he within Open to sorry me, though I have been An undeserving rebel? Then shall I Not fail to sing his lasting praise on high." At last there came a grave person to the gate, named Goodwill, who asked who was there. and whence ne came, and whatt he would have ENTERS IN AT THE GATE. 33 CHi. Here is a poor burdened sinner. I come from the city of Destruction, but am' going to Mount Zion, that I may be delivered from the wrath to come; I would therefore, sir, since I amn informed that by this gate is the way thither, know if you are willing to let me in. GooD. I am willing with all my heart, said he; and with that he opened the gate. So when Christian was stepping in, the other gave him a pull. Then said Christian, What means that? The other told him, A little distance from this gate there is erected a strong castle, of which Beelzebub is the captain: from thence both he and they that are with him shoot arrows at those that come up to this gate, if haply they may die before they can enter in. Then said Christian, I rejoice and tremble. So when he was got in, the man of the gate asked him who directed him thither. CnR. Evangelist bid me come hither and knock, as I did: and he said, that you, sir, would tell me what I must do. GooD. An open door is set before thee, and no man can shut it. Cnm. Now I begin to reap the benefit of my hazards. GQoD. But how is it that you came alone? 34 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. CuER. Because none of my neighbors saw their danger as I saw mine. GooD. Did any of them know of your coming? CHR. Yes, my wife and children saw me at the first, and called after me to turn again: also, some of my neighbors stood crying and calling after me to return; but I put my fingers in my ears,and so came oil my way. GooD. But did none of them follow you, to persuade you to go back? CHR. Yes, both Obstinate and Pliable; but when they saw that they could not prevail, Obstinate went railing back, but Pliable came with me a little way. GooD. But why did he not come through? CHR. We indeed came both together until we came to the Slough of Despond, into the which we also suddenly fell. And then ws my neighbor Pliable discouraged, and would not venture farther. Wherefore, getting out again on the side next to his own house, he told me I should possess the brave country alone for him: so he went his way, and I came mine; he after Obstinate, and I to this gate. GooD. Then said Goodwill, Alas, poor man; is the celestial glory of so little esteem with him, that he counteth it not worth running the hazard of a few difficulties to obtain it? TALK WITH GOODWILL. 35 CHR. Truly, said Christian, I bhave said the truth of Pliable; and if I should also say all the truth of myself, it will appear there is no betterment betwixt him and myself. It is true, he went back to his own house, but I also turned aside to go into the way of death, being persuaded thereto by the carnal argument of one Mr. Worldly Wiseman. GooD. 0, did he light upon you? What, he would have had you seek for ease at the hands of Mr. Legality! They are both of them a very cheat. But did you take his counsel? CHR. Yes, as far as I durst. I went to find out Mr. Legality, until I thought that the mountain that stands by his house would have fallen upon my head; wherefore there was I forced to stop. GOoD. That mountain has been the death -f many, and will be the death of many more: it is well you escaped being by it dashed in pieces. CHR. Why truly I do not know what had become of me there, had not Evangelist happily met me again as I was musing in the midst of my dumps; but it was God's mercy that he came to me again, for else I had never come hither. But now I am come, such a one as I am, more fit indeed for death by that mountain, 36 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS than thus to stand talking with my Lord. But. 0, what a favor is this to me, that yet I am admitted entrance here! GOOD. We make no objections against any, notwithstanding all that they have done before they come hither; they in nowise are cast out. John 6: 37. And therefore good Christian, come a little way with me, and I will teach thee about the way thou must go. Look before thee; dost thou see this narrow way? That is the way thou must go. It was cast up by the patriarchs, prophets, Christ, and his apostles, and it is as straight as a rule can make it; this is the way thou must go. CHR. But, said Christian, are there no turnings nor windings, by which a stranger may lose his way? GooD. Yes, there are many ways butt down upon this, and they are crooked and wide: but thus thou mayest distinguish the right from the the wrong, the right only being straight and narrow. Matt. 7: 14. Then I saw in my dream, that Christian asked him further, if he could not help him off with his burden that was upon his back. For as yet he had not got rid thereof; nor could he by any means get it off without help. Hie told him, " As to thy burden, be content THE INTERPRETER'S HOUSE. 37 to bear'it until thou comest to the place of deliverance; for there it will fall from thy back of itself." Then Christian began to gird up his loins, and to address himself to his journey. So the other told him, that by that he was gone some distance from the gate, he would come to the house of the Interpreter, at whose door he should knock, and he would show him excellent things. Then Christian took his leave of his friend, and he' again bid him God speed. Then he went on till he came at the house of the Interpreter,~ where he knocked over and over. At last. one came to the door, and asked who was there. Car. Sir, here is a traveller, who was bid by an acquaintance of the good man of this house to call here for my profit; I would therefire.speak with the master of the house. So he called for the master of the house, who, after a little time, camne to Christian, and asked him what he would have. CHR. Sir, said Christian, I am a man that am comer from the city of Destruction, and am going to the Mount Zion; and I was told by the man that stands at the gate at the head of this way, that if I called here you would show me ex* The Holy Spirit as PISPILGR IAM'S PROGRESS. cellent things, such as would be helpful to me on my journey. INTER. Then said Interpreter, Come in; I will show thee that which will be profitable to thee. So he commanded his man to light the candle, and bid Christian follow him; so he had him into a private room, and bid his man open a door; the which when he had done, Christian saw the picture of a very grave person hang up against the wall; and this was the fashion of it: it had eyes lifted up to heaven, the best of books in its hand, the law of truth was written upon its lips, the world was behind its back; it stood as if it pleaded with men, and a crown of gold did hang over its head. CHnr. Then said Christian, What means this? INTER. The man whose picture this is, is one of a thousand: he can beget children, 1 Cor. 4: 15, travail in birth with children, Gal. 4: 19, and nurse them himself when they are born. And whereas thou seest him with his eyes lift up to heaven, the best of books in his hand, and the law of truth writ on his lips: it is to show thee, that his work is to know, and unfold dark things to sinners; even as also thou seest him stand as if he pleaded with men. And whereas thou seest the world as cast behind him, and that a crown hangs over his head; that is tt THE INTER ETER'S9 HOUSE. 19 show thee, that slighting and despising the things that are present, for the love that he hath to his Master's service, he is sure in the world that comes next to have glory for his raward. Now, said the Interpreter, I have showed thee this picture first, because the man whose picture this is, is the only man whom the Lord of the place whither thou art going hath authorized to be thy guide in all difficult places thou mayest meet with in the way: wherefore take good heed to what I have showed thee, and bear well in thy mind what thou hast seen, lest in thy journey thou meet with some that pretend to lead thee right, but their way goes down to death. Then he took him by the hand, and led him into a very large parlor that was full of dust, because never swept; the which after he reviewed it a little while, the Interpreter called for a man to sweep. Now, when he began to sweep, the dust began so abundantly to fly about, that Christian had almost therewith been choked. Then said the Interpreter to a damsel that stood by, "Bring hither water, and sprinkle the room;" the which when she had done, it was swept and cleansed with pleasure. CRR. Then said Christian, What means this? INTER. The Interpreter answered, This parlor i, the heart of a man that was never sanctified 40 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. by the sweet grace of the Gospel. The dust is his original sin, and inward corruptions, that have defiled the whole man. H-e that began to sweep at first, is the law; but she that brought water, and did sprinkle it, is the Gospel. Now whereas thou sawest, that so soon as the first began to sweep, the dust did so fly about that the room by him could not be cleansed, but that thou wast almost choked therewith; this is to show thee, that the law, instead of cleansing the heart (by its working) from sin, doth revive, gorn. 7: 9, put strengtb into, 1 Cor. 15: 56, and increase it in the soul, Rnom. 5: 20, even as it doth discover and forbid it; for it doth lot give power to subdue. Again, as thou sawest the damsel sprinkle the room with water, upon which it was cleansed with pleasure, this is to show thee, that when the Gospel comes in the sweet and precious influences thereof to the heart, then, I say, even as thou sawest the damsel lay the dust by sprinkling the floor with water, so is sin vanquished and subdued, and the soul made clean, through the faith of it, and consequently fit for the King of glory to inhabit. John 15-: 3;; Eph. 5: 26; Acts 15: 9; Roni. 16: 25, 26. I saw moreover in my dream, that the Interpreter took him by the hand, and had him into a little room, where sat two little children, each one 'THE INTERPRETERn'S HOUSE. 4-1 in his chair. The name of the eldest was Passion, and bthe name of the other Patience. Passion seemed to be much disconted, but Patience was very quiet. Then Christian asked, "What is the reason of the discontent of Passion?" The Interpreter answered, "The governor of them vould have him stay for his best things till the beginning of the next year, but he will have all now; but Patience is willing to wait." Then I saw that one came to Passion, and brought him a bag of treasure, and poured it down at his feet: the which he took up, and rejoiced therein, and withal laughed P'atience to scorn. But I beheld but a while, and he had lavished all away, and had nothing left him but rags. CHR. Then said Christian to the Interpreter, Expound this matter more fully to me. INTER. So he said, These two lads are figures; Passion of the men of this -world, and Patience of the men of that which is to come; for, as here thou seest, passion will have all now, this year, that is to say, in this world; so are the men of this world: they mrust have all their good things now; they cannot stay till the next year, that is, until the next world, for their portion of good. That proverb, "A bird in the hand is worth two al the buish," is of mnore allthority with them thqan 42 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. are all the divine testimonies of the good of the world to come. But as thou sawest that he had quickly lavished all away, and had presently left him nothing but rags, so will it be with all such men at the end of this world. CHR. Then said Christian, Now I see that Patience has the best wisdom, and that upon many accounts. 1. Because he stays for the best things. 2. And also because he will have the glory of his, when the other has nothing but rags. INTER.- Nay, you may add another, to wit, thle glory of the next world will never wear out; but these are suddenly gone. Therefore Passion had not so much reason to laugh at Patience because he had his good things first, as Patience will have to laugh at Passion because he liad his best things last; for first must give place to last, because last mus: have his time to come: but last gives place to nothing, for there is not another to succeed. He, therefore, that hath his portion first, must needs have a time to spend it; but he that hath his portion last, must have it lastingly: therefore it is said of Dives, " In thy lifetime thou receivedst thy good things, and likewise Lazfarus evil things; but now he is comfurted, and thou art torimented." Luke 16: 25. THE INTERPRETER'S HOUSE. 43 CuIR. Then I perceive it is not best to cover things that are now, but to wait for things to come. INTER. You say truth: for the things that are seen are temporal, but the things that are not seen are eternal. 2 Cor. 4: 18. But though this be so, yet since things present and our fleshly appetite are such near neighbors one to another; and again, because things to come and carnal sense are such strangers one to another; therefore it is, that the first of these so suddenly fall into amity, and that distance is so continued between the second. Then I saw in my dream, tha't the Interpreter took Christian by the hand, and led him into a place where was a fire burning against a wall, and one standing by it, always casting much water upon it, to quench it; yet did the fire burn higher and hotter. Then said Christian, What means this? The Interpreter answered, This fire is the work of grace that is wrought in the heart; he tflat casts water upon it, to extinguish and put it out, is the devil: but in that thou seest the fire. notwithstanding, burn higher and hotter, thou shalt also see the reason of that. So he had him about to the ba ck side of the wallk where he saw q man with a vessel of oil in his hand, of the 4/k ]PILGRIM'S PROGRESS which he did also continually cast (but secretly) into the fire. Then said Christian, What means this? The Interpreter answered, This is Christ, who continually, with the oil of his grace, maintains the work. already begun in the heart; by the means of which, notwithstanding what the devil can do, the souls of his people prove gracious still. 2 Cor. 12: 9. And in that thou sawest that the man stood behind the wall to maintain the fire; this is to teach thee, that it is hard for the tempted to see how this work of grace is maintained in the soul. I saw also, that the Interpreter took him again by the hand, and led him into a pleasant place, where was built a stately palace, beautiful to behold; at the sight of which Christian was greatly delighted. He saw also upon the top thereof certain persons walking, who were clothed all in gold. Then said Christian may we go in thither? Then the Interpreter took him, and led him up towards the door of the palace; and behold, at the door stood a great company of men, as desirous to go in, but durst not. There also sat a man at a little distance from the door, at a table-side, with a book and his inkhorn before him, to take the names of them that should TEE INTERPRETER'S HOUSE. 4t enter therein; he saw.also that in the doorway stood many men in armor to keep it, being resolved to do to the men that would enter, what hurt and mischief they could. Now was Christian somewhat in amaze. At last, when every man started back for fear of the armed men, Christian saw a man of a very stout countenance come up to the man that sat there to write, saying, A" Set down my name, sir;" the which when he had done, he saw the man draw his sword, and put a helmet on his head, and rush towards the door upon the armed men, who laid upon him with deadly force; but the man, not at all discouraged, fell to cutting and hacking most fiercely. So after he had received and given many wounds to those that attempted- to keep him out, Matt. 11: 12; Acts 14: 22; he cut his way through them all, and pressed forward into the palace; at which there was a pleasant voice heard from those that were within, even of those that walked upon the top of the palace, saying, "Come in, come in, Eternal glory thou shalt win." So he went in, and was clothed with such garments as they. Then Christian smiled, and said, I think verily I know the meaning of this. C 46 PI LGRIM'S PROGRESS. Now, said Christian, let me go hence. Nay, stay, said the Interpreter, till I have showed thee a little more, and after that thou shalt go on thy way. So he took him by the hand again, and led him into a very dark room, where there sat a man in an iron cage. Now the man, to look on, seemed very sad; he sat with his eyes looking down to the ground, his hands folded together, and he sighed as if he would break his heart. Then said Christian, What means this? At which the Interpreter bid him talk with the man. Then said Christian to the man, What art thou? The man answered, I am what I was not once. CHR. What wast thou once? MAN. The man said, I was once a fair and flourishing, professor, Luke 8: 13, both in mine own eyes, and also in the eyes of, others: I once was, as I thouglht fair for for the celestial city, and had then even joy at the thoughts that I should get thither. CHR. Well, but what art thou now? MIAN. I am now a man of despair, and am shut up in it, as in this iron cage. I cannot, get out; Oh now I cannot! CaHR. But how calmest thou into this condi. tion? THE INTERPRETER'S iTOUSE, 47 MAN. I left off to watch and be sober: I laid the reins upon the neck of my lusts; I sinned against the light of the word, and the goodness of God; I have grieved the Spirit,/ and he is gone; I tempted the devil, and he is come to me; I have provoked God to anger, and he has left me: I have so hardened my heart, that I cannot repent. Then said Christian to the Interpreter, But is there no hope for such a man as this? Ask him, said the Interpreter. CHI. Then said Christian, Is there no hope, but you must be kept in the iron cage of despair? MAN. No, none at all. CHR. Why, the Son of the Blessed is very pitiful. MAN. I have crucified him to myself afresh, iHeb. 6: 6; I have despised his person, Luke 19: 14; I have despised his righteousness; I have coufite'd his blood an unholy thimg; I have done despite to the spirit of grace, Heb. 10: 29: therefore I have shut myself out of all the promises and there now remains to me nothing but threatenings, dreadful threatenings, faithful threatenings of certain judgment and fiery indignation, which shall devour me as an advert sary i8 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. CuR. For what did you bring yourself into this condition? MAN. For the lusts, pleasures, and profits of this world; in the enjoyment of which I did then promise myself much delight: but now every one of those things also bite me, and gnaw me like a burning worm. CUR. But canst thou not now repent and turn? MAN. God hath denied me repentance. His word gives me no encouragement to believeJ yea, himself hath shut me up in this iron cage: nor can all the Lmen in the world let me out. Oh eternity! eternity! how shall I grapple with the misery that I must meet with in eternity-? INTER. Then said the Interpreter to Christian, Let this man's misery be remnembered by thee, and be an everlasting caution to thee. CHa. Well, said Christian, this is fearful! G!od help me to watch and to be sober, and to pray that I may shun the cause of this man's miserjy. Sir, is it not time for me to go on my way now? INTER. Tarry till I shall show thee one thing more, and then thou shalt go on thy way. So he took Christian by the hand again and led him into a chamber where there was one rising out ol ted; and as he put on his raiment, he THE INTERPRETER'S HOUSE. o shook and trembled. Then said Christian, Why doth this man thus tremble? The Interpreter then bid him tell to Christian the reason of his so doing. So he began, and said, "This night, as I was in my sleep, I dreamed, and behold the heavens grew exceeding black; also it thundered and lightened in most fearful wise, that it put me into an agony. So I looked up in my dream, and saw the clouds rack at an unusual rate; upon which I heard a great sound of a trumpet, and saw also a man sitting upon a cloud, attended with the thousands of heaven: they were all in flaming fire; also the heavens were in a burning flame. I heard then a voice, saying,'Arise, ye dead, and come to'judgiment.' And with that the rocks rent, the graves opened, and the dead that were therein came forth: some of them were exceeding glad, and looked upward; and some sought to hide themselves under the mountains. Then I saw the man that sat upon the cloud open the book, and bid the world draw near. Yet there was, by reason of a fierce flame tha~t issued out and came from before lhim, a convenient distance between him and them, as between the judge and the prisoners at the bar. I CoiL. 15; 1 Thess. 4: 16; Jude 15; John 5 60 PILG RIMI'S PROGRESS. 28, 29; 2 Thess. 1:8-10; Rev. 20:11-14; Isa. 26: 21; Micah 7: 16, 17; Psa. 5:4; 50:1-3; Mal. 3:2, 3; Dan. 7: 9, 10. I heard it also proclaimed to them that attended on the man that sat on the cloud,' Gather together the tares, the chaff, and stubble, and cast them into the burning lake.' Matt. 3:12; 18: 30; 24: 30; Mal. 4: 1. And with that the bottomless pit opened, just whereabout I stood; out of the mouth of which there came, in an abundant manner, smoke, and coals of fire, with hideous noises. It wvas also said to the same persons,'Gather my wheat into the garner.' Luke 3:17. And with that I saw many catched up and carried away into the clouds, but I waa left behind. 1 Thess. 4:16, 17. I also sought to hide myself, but I could not, for the man that sat upon the cloud still kept his eye upon me; my sins also came into my mind, and my conscience did accuse me on every side. Rom. 2:14, 15. Upon this I awakened from my sleep." Cim. But what was it that made you so afraid of this sight? MAN. Why, I thought that the day of judgmnent was come, and that I was not ready for it: but this frightened me most, that the angels gathered up several, and left me behind; also LOSES HIS BURDEN. 51 the pit of hell opened her mouth just where I stood. My conscience too afflicted me; and, as I thought, the Judge had always his eye upon me, showing indignation in his countenance. Then said the Interpreter to Christian, "Hast thou considered all these things?" CHn. Yes, and they put me in hope - and fear. INTER. Well, keep all things so in thy mind, that they may be as a goad in thy sides, to prick thee forward in the way thou must go. Then Christian began to gird up his loins, and to address himself to his journey. Then said the Interpreter, "The Comforter be always with thee, good Christian, to guide thee in the way that leads to the city." So Christian went on his way, saying, "Here I have seen things rare and profitable, Things pleasant, dreadful, things to make me stable In what I have begun to take in hand: Then let me think on them, and understand Whlerefore they showed me were, and let me be Thankful, 0 good Interpreter, to thee."' TJIE THIR D STAGE. Now I saw in myu dream, that the highway up which Christian was to go, was fenced on either side with a wall, and that wall was called 52 PILGRIi'S PROGRESS. Salvation. Isaiah 26: 1. Up this way, thlere. fore, did burdened Christian run, but not without great difficulty, because of the load on his back. He ran thus till he came at a place somewhat ascending; and upon that place stood a cross, and a little below, in the bottom, a sepulchre. So I saw in my dream, that just as Christian came up with the cross, his burden loosed from off his shoulders, and fell from off his back, and began to tumble, and so continued to do till it came to the mouth of the sepulchre, where it fell in, and I saw it no more. Then was Christian glad and lightsome, and said with a merry heart, "l He hath given me rest by his sorrow, and life by his death." Then he stood still a while, to look and wonder; for it was very surprising to him that the sight of the cross should thus ease him of his burden. He looked, therefore, and looked again, even till the springs that were in his head sent the waters down his cheeks. Zech. 12: 10. Now as he stood looking and weeping, behold, three Shining Ones came to him, and saluted him with, "Peace be to thee." So the first said to hin, "Thy sins be forgiven thee," iarkt 2: 5; the second stripped him of his rags, and clothed him witlh change of raiment, Zech. 3: 4; the third also set a mark on his forehead, Eph. 1: 13, and —\s a; ~ 1IWitilS dB o,, — " r —s-L 7s mw- P 1;,,, "5 —- —sCHRISTIAN'S UURDEN FALLS OFE'. SIMIPLE, SLOTH AND PRESUMPTION. Al gave him a roll with a seal upon it, which he bid him look on as he ran, and that he should give it in at the celestial gate: so they went their way. Then Christian gave three leaps for joy, and went on singing, "Thus far did I come laden with my sin, Nor could aught ease the grief that I was in, Till I came hither. What a place is this! Must here be the beginning of my bliss? Must here the burden fall from off my back? Must here the strings that bound it to me crack? Blest cross i blest sepulchre! blest rather be The Man that there was put to shame for me!t" I saw then in my dream, that he went on thus, even until he came at the bottom, where he saw, a little out of the way, three men fast asleep, with fetters upon their heels. The name of the one was Simple, of another Sloth, and of the third Presumption. Christian then seeing them lie in this case, went to them, if peradventure he might awake them, and cried, yvou are like them that sleep on the top of a mast, Prov. 23: 34, for the Dead Sea is under you, a gulf that hath no bottom: awake, therefore, and come away; be willing also, and I will help you off with your irons. He also told them, If he that goeth about like a roaring lion, 1 Pet. 5: 8, comes by, you will certainly become a prey to his teeth. With that they looked upon him, and began to reply it * ~~~CX 54 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. this sort: Simple said, I see no danger; Sloth said, Yet a little more sleep; and Presumption said, Every tub must stand upon its own bottom. And so they lay down to sleep again, and Christian went on his way. Yet he was troubled to think that men in that danger should so little esteem the kindness of him that so freely offered to help them, both by awakening of them, counselling of them, and proffering to help them off with their irons. And as he was troubled thereabout, he espied two men come tumbling over the wall, on the left hand of the narrow way; and they made up apace to him. The name of the one was Formalist, and the name of the other Hypocrisy So, as I said, they drew up unto him, who thus entered with them into discourse. CHR. Gentlemen, whence came you, and whither do you go? FORM. AND HYP. We were born in the land of Vain-glory, and are going, for praise, to Mount Zion. CHR. Why came you not in at the gate which standeth at the beginning of the way? Know ye not that it is written, that "he that cometh not in by the door, but climbeth up some other way, the same is a thief and a robber?" John 10: 1. FORMALIST AND HYPOCRISY. 55 FoRM. AND HYP. They said, that to go to the gate for entrance was by all their countrymen counted too far about; and that therefore their usual way was to make a short cut of it, and to climb over the wall, as they had done. CHR. But will it not be counted a trespass agamst the Lord of the city whither we are bound, thus to violate his revealed will? FORM. AND IlYP. They told him, that'as for that, he needed not to trouble his head thereabout: for what they did they had custom for, and could produce, if need were, testimony that would witness it for more than a thousand years. CHR. But, said Christian, will you stand a frial at law? FORM. AND HYP. They told him, that custom, it being of so long standing as above a thousand years, would doubtless now be admitted as a thing legal by an impartial judge: and besides, said they, if we get into the way, what matter is it which way we get in? If we are in, we are- in: thou art but in the way, who, as we perceive, came in at the gate; and we also are In the way, that came tumbling over the wall: wherein now is thy condition better than ours? CHR. I walk by the rule of my Master: you walk by the rude working of your fancies. You are counted thieves already by the Lord of the o6 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. way: therefore I doubt you will not be found true men at the end of the way.'You come in by yourselves without his direction, and shall go out by yourselves without his mercy. To this they made him but little answer; only they bid him look to himself. Then I saw that they went on, every man in his way, without much conference one with another, save that tliese two men told Christian, that as to laws and ordinances, they doubted not but that they should as conscientiously do them as he. Therefore, said they, we see not wherein thou (lifferest from us, but by the coat that is on thy back, which was, as we trow, given thee by some of thy neighbors, to hide the shame of thy nakedness. Cnn. By laws and ordinances you will not be saved, since you camle not in by the door. Gal. 2:16. And as for this coat that is on my back, it was given me by the Lord of the place whither I go; and that, as you say, to cover my nakedness with. And I take it as a token of kindness to me; for I had nothing but rags before. And besides, thus I comfort myself as I go. Surely, think I, when I come to the gate of the city, the Lord thereof will know me for good, since I have his coat on my back; a coat that he gave me freely in THE HILL DIFFI(CULTY. 5T the day that he stripped me of my rags. I have, moreover, a mark in my forehead, of which perhaps you have taken no notice, which one of my Lord's most intimate associates fixed there in the day that my burden fell off my shoulders. I will tell you, moreover, that I had then given me a roll sealed, to comfort me by reading as I go on the way; I was also bid to give it in at the celestial gate, in token of my certain going in after it: all which things I doubt you want, and want them because you came not in at the gate. To these things the3 gave him no answer; only they looked upon each other, and laughed. Then I saw that they went all on. save that Christian kept before, who had no more talk but with himself, and that sometimes sighingly, and sometimes comfortably: also he would be often reading in the roll that one of the Shining Ones gave him, by which he was refreshed. I beheld then, that they all went on till they came to the foot of the hill Difficulty, at the bottom of which there was. a spring. There were also in the same place two other ways besides that which came straight from the gate: one turned to the left hand, and the other to the right, at the bottom of the hill; but the narrow way lay right up the hill, and the name of the ILGRIM'S PROGRESS. gol.ng Ip the side of the hill is called DiffiU9itmtv. Christian now went to the spring, Isa. 49: 10, and drank thereof to refresh himself, and then began to go up the hill, saying, "The hill, though high, I covet to ascend; The difficulty will not me offend; For I perceive the way to life lies here: Come, pluck up hearts let's neither faint nor fear Better, though dfficult, the right way to go, Than wrong, though easy, where the end is woe." The other two also came to the foot of the hill. But when they saw that the hill was steep and high) and that there were two other ways to go; and supposing also that these two ways might meet again with that up which Christian went, on the other side of the hill; therefore they were resolved to go in those ways. Now the name of one of those ways was Danger, and the name of the other Destruction. So the one took the way which is called Danger, which led him into a great wood; and the other took directly up the way to Destruction, which led him into a wide field, full of dark mountains, where he stumbled and fell, and rose no more. I looked then after Christian, to see him go up the hill, where I perceived he fell from running to going, and from going to clambering upon his hands and his knees, because of the steep. ness of the place. Now about the midway to THE ARBOR. 59 the top of the hill was a pleasant Arboi, made bye the Lord of the hill for the refreshment of weary travellers. Thither, therefore, Christian got, where also he sat down to rest him: then he pulled his roll out of his bosom, and read therein to his comfort; he also now began afiesh to take a review of the coat er garment that was given to him as he stood by the cross. Thus pleasing himself awhile, he at last fell into a slumber, and thence into a fast sleep, which detained him in that place until it was almost night; and in his sleep his roll fell out of his hand. Now, as he was sleeping, there came one to him; and awaked him, saying, "Go to the ant, thou sluggard; consider her ways, and be wise." Prov. 6: 6. And with that, Christian suddenly started up, and sped him on his way, and went apace till he came to the top of the hill. Now when he was got up to the top of the hill, there came two men running amain; the name of the one was Timorous, and of the other Mistrust: to whom Christian said, Sirs, what's the matter? you run the wrong way. Timorous answered, that they were going to the city of Zion, and had got up that difficult place: but, said he, the farther we go, the more danger we meet with; wherefore we turned, and are going back again. 60 PILG RIM'S P RO GESS. Yes, said Mistrust, for just before us lie a couple of lions in the way,swhether sleeping or waking we know not; and we could not think7 if we came within reach, but they would presently pull us in pieces. CHn. Then said Christian, You make me afraid; but whither shall I fly to be safe? If I go back to my own country, that is prepared for fire and brimstone, and I shall certainly perish there; if I can get to the celestial city, I am sure to be in safety there: I must venture. To go back is nothing but death: to go forward is fear of death, and life everlasting beyond it: I will yet go forward. So Mistrust and Timorous ran down the hill, and Christian went on his way. But thinking-again of what he had heard from the men, he felt in his bosom for his roll, that he might read therein and be comforted; but he felt, and found it not. Then was Christian in great distress, and knew not what to do; for he wanted that which used to relieve him, and that which should have been his pass into the celestial city. Here, therefore, he began to be much perplexed, and knew not what to do. At last he bethought himself that he had slept in the arbor that is on the side of the hill; and falling down upon his knees, he asked God forgiveness for that foolish act, and then welnt FINDS HIS ROLL. 61 back to look for his roll. But all the way he went back, who can sufficiently set forth the sorrow of Christian's heart? Sometimes he sighed, somnetimres he wept, and oftentimes he chid himself for being so foolish to fall asleep in that place, which was erected only for a little refreshment from his weariness. Thus, therefore, he went back, carefully looking on this side and on that, all the way as he went, if happily he might find his roll, that had been his comfort so many times in his journey. He went thus till he canme again within sight of the arbor where he sat and slept; but that sight renewed his sorrow the more, by bringing again, even afresh, his evil of sleeping unto his mind. Rev. 2: 4; 1 Thess. 5: 6-8. Thus, therefore, he now went on, bewailing his-sinful sleep, saying, O wretched man that I am, that I should sleep in the daytime! that I should sleep in the midst of difficulty! that I should so irndulge the flesh as to use that rest for ease to imy flesh which the Lord of the hill hath erected only for the relief of the spirits of pilgrims! How many steps have I taken in vain! Thus it happened -to Israel; for their sin they were sent back agfain by the way of the Red Sea; and i am made to tread those steps with sorrow, which r might have trod with delight, had it not been 62 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. for this sinful sleep. How far might I have been on my way by this time I am made to tread those steps thrice over, which I needed not to have trod but once: yea, now also I amn like to be benighted, for the day is almost spent. 0 that I had not slept! Now by this time he was come to the arbor again, where for a while he sat down and wept; but at last, (as Providence would have it,) looking sorrowfully down under the settle, there he espied his roll, the which he with trembling and haste catched up, and put it into his bosom. But who can tell how joyful this man was when he had gotten his roll again? For this roll was the assurance of his life, and acceptance at the desired haven.: Therefore he laid it up in his bosom, gave thanks to God for directing his eye to the place where it lay, and with joy and tears betook himself again to his journey. But 0 how nimbly did he go up the rest of the hill! Yet before he got up, the sun went down upon Christian; and this made him again recall the sanity of his sleeping to his remembrance; and thus he again began to condole with himself: Oh thou sinfull sleep! how for thy sake am I like to be benighted in my journey! I must walk without'the sun, darkness must cover the path of my feet, and I must hear the noise of the doleful THE PALACE BEA.UTIFUL. 6(3 erea, ures, because of my sinfiul sleep! Now also he remembered the story that Mistrust and Timorous told him of, how they were frighted with the sight of the lions. Then said Christian to himself again, These beasts range in the night foi their prey; and if they should meet with me in the dark, how should I shift them? how should I escape being by them torn in pieces? Thus he went on his way. But while he was bewailing his unhappy miscarriage, he lift up his eyes, and behold there was a very stately palace before him, the name of which was Beautiful, and it stood by the highway-side. So I saw in miy dream that he mrade haste, and went forward, that if possible he might get lodging there. Now before he had gone far, he entered into, a very narrow passage, which was about a furlong off the Porter's lodge; and looking fvery narrowly before him as he went, he espied two lions in the way. Now, thought he, I see the dangers that Mistrust and Timorous were driven back by. (The lions were chained, but he saw not the chains.) Then he was afraid, and thought also himself to go back after them; for he thought nothing but death was before him. But the Porter at the lodge, whose name is Watchful, perceiving that Christian made a, halt, as if he would go back, cried unto him, saying, 6 4~ P.PL;R i 1M'S P ROGRES. Is thy strength so small? Mark 4: 40. Fear not the lions, for they are chained, and are placed there for trial of faith where it is, and for discovery of those that have none: keep in the midst of the path, and no hurt shall come unto thee. Then I saw that he went on, trembling for fear of the lions, but taking good heed to the directions of the Porter; he heardcl them roar, but they did him no harm. Then he clapped his hands, and went on till he came and stood before the gate where the Porter was. Then said Christian to the Porter, Sir, what house is this? and may I lodge here to-night? The Porter answered, This house was built by the Lord of the hill, and he built it for the relief and security of pilgrims. The Porter also asked whence he was, and whither he was going. CEn. I am come from the city of Destruction, and am going to Mount Zion: but because the sun is now set, I desire, if I may, to lodge here to-night. POnT. What is your name? CIIR. My name is now Christian, but my name at the first was Graceless: I came of the. race of Japheth, whom God will persuade to dwell in the tents of Shem. Gen. 9: 27. PORT. But how does it happen that you come so late? The sun is set. ALK, WITH DISCRETION. 65 CnR. I had been here sooner, but that, wretched man that I am, I slept in the arbor that stands on the hill-side Nay, I had, note withstanding that, been here miuch sooner, but that in my sleep I lost my evidence, and calme without it to the brow of the hill; and then feeling for it, and not finding it, I was forced with sorrow of heart to go back to the place where I slept my sleep, where I found it; and now I ant come. PORT. Well, I will call out one of the virgins of this place, who will, if she likes your talk, bring you in to the rest of the family, according to the rules of the house. So Watchlful the Porter rang a bell, at the sound of which camne out of the door of the house a grave and beautiful damsel, named Discretion, and asked why she was called. The Porter answered, This man is on a journey from the city of Destruction to Mount Zion; but being weary and benighted, he asked me if he might lodge here to-night: so I told him I would call for thee, who, after discourse had with him, mayest do as seemeth thee good, even according to the law of the house. Then she asked him whence he was, and whither he was going; and he told her. She asked him also how he got into the way; and 66 PILGRIM'S PRtOGESS. he told her. Then she asked him what lhe had seen and met with in the way, and he told her And at last she asked his name. So he said It is Christian; and I have so much the more a desire to lodge here to-night, because, by what I perceive, this place was built.by the Lord of the hill for the relief and security of pilgrims. So she smiled, but the water stood in her eyes; and after a little pause she said, I will call forth two or three more of the family. So she ran to the door, and called out Prudence, Piety, and Charity, who, after a little more discourse with him, had him into the family; and many of tlem meeting him at. the threshold of the house, said, Come in, thou blessed of the Lord; this house was built by the Lord of the hill on purpose to entertain such pilgrims in. Then he bowed his head, and followed theim into the house. So when he was come in and sat down, they gave him something to drink, and consented together that, until supper was ready, some of them should have some particular discourse with Christian, for the best improvement. of time; and they appointed Piety, Prudence, and Charity to discourse with him: and thus they began. PIETY. Come, good Christian, since we have been so loving to you as to receive you into our house this night, let us, if perhaps we may TALK WITH PIETY. 67 better ourselves thereby, talk with you of all things that have happened to you in your pilUrimage. CHR. With a very good will; and I am glad that you are so well disposed. PIETY. What moved you at first to betake yourself to a pilgrim's life? CHa. I was driven out of my native coufntry by a dreadful sound that was in mine ears; to wit, thlat unavoidable destruction did attend me, if I abode in that place where I was. PIETY. But how did it happen that you came out of your country this way? CmH. It was as God would have it; for when I was under the fears of destruction, I did not know whither to go; but by chance there came a man, even to me, as I was trembling and weeping, whose name is Evangelist, and he directed me to the Wicket-gate, which else I should never have found, and so set me into the way that hath led me directly to this house. PIETY. But did you not come by the house of the Interpreter? COm. Yes, and did see such things there, the remembrance of which will stick by nme as long as I live, especially three things: to wit, how Christ, in despite of Satan, maintains his work of grace in the heart; how the man 68S PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. had sinnedt himself quite out of hopes of God's mercy; and also the dream of him that thought in his sleep the day of judgment was come. PIETY. Why, did you hear him tell his dream? CHR. Yes, and a dreadful one it was, I thought; it made my heart ache as he was telling of it, but yet I am glad I heard it. PIETY. Was this all you saw at the house of the Interpreter? Cnn. No; he took me, and had me where he showed me a stately palace, and how the people were clad in gold that were in it; and how there came a venturous man, and cut his way through the armed men that stood in the door to keep him out; and how he was bid to come ill, and win eternal glory. Methought those things did ravish my heart. I would have stayed at that good man's house a twelvemonth, but that I knew I had farther to go. PIETY. and what saw you else in the way? CHR. Saw? Why, I went but a little farther, and I saw One, as I thought -in my mind, hang bleeding upon a tree; and the very sight of him made my burden fall off my back; for I groaned under a very heavy burden, but then it fell down from off me. It was a strange thing to me, for I never saw such a thing before: yea. TALK WITH PIETY. 69 and while I stood looking up, (for then I could not forbear looking,) three Shining Ones caine to me. One of them testified that my sins were forgiven me; another stripped me of my rags, and gave me this broidered. coat which you see; and the third set the mark which you see in my forehead, and gave me this sealed roll, (and with that he plucked it out of his bosom.) PIETY. But you saw more than this, did you not? CHR. The things that I have told you were the best: yet some other matters I saw, as, namely, I saw~ three men, Simple, Sloth, and Presumption, lie asleep, a little out of the way, as I came, with irons upon their heels; but do you think I could awake them? I also saw Formality and Hypocrisy come tumbling oveEr the wall, to go, as they pretended, to Zion; but they were quickly lost, even as I myself did tell them, but they would not believe. But, above all, I found it hard work to get up this hill, and as hard to come by the lions' mouths; and, truly, if it had not been for the good man, the perter that stands at the gate, I do not know but that, after all, I might have gone back again; but I thank God I anm here, and thank you for receiving me. Then Prudence thought good to ask him a few questions, and desired his answer to thenm. D 70 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. PRu. Do you not think sometimes of the country from whence you came? CHR. Yea, but with much shame and detestation. Truly, if I had been mindful of that country from whence I came out, I might have had opportunity to have returned; but now I desire a better country, that is, a heavenly one. Heb. 11: 15, 16. PRU. Do you not yet bear away with you some of the things that then you were conversant withal? Cmt. Yes, but greatly against my will; especially my inward and carnal cogitations, with which all my countrymen, as well as myself were delighted. But now all those things area my grief; and might I but choose mine own things, I would choose never to think of those thirngs more: but when I would be a doing that whiclt is best, that which is worst is with me. Rom. 7: 15, 21. PRU. Do you not find sometiux,,s as if those things were vanquished, which at ether times are your perplexity? CHR. Yes, but that is but seldom; but they are to me golden hours in which slch things happen to me. PRu. Can you remember by what means you find your annoyances at times as if they were va-quished? TALK WITH CHARRIT..' CHR. Yes: when I think what I saw at the cross, that will do it; and when I look upon my broidered coat, that will do it; and when I look into the roll that I carry in' my bosom, that will do it; and when my thoughts wax warm about whither I am going, that will do it. PRU. And what is it that makes you so desirous to go to Mount Zion? CHR. Why, there I hope to see Him alive that did hang dead on the cross; and there I hope to be rid of all those things that to this day are in me an annoyance to me: there they say there is no death, Isa. 25: 8; Rev. 21: 4; and there I shall dwell with such company as I like best. For, to tell you the truth, I love'Him because I was by Him eased of my burden; and I am weary of my inward sickness. I would fain be where I shall die no more, and with the company that shall continually cry, Holy, holy, holy. Then said Charity to Christian, Have you a family; are you a married man? CHn. I have a wife and four small children. CHAi. And why did you not bring them along with you? CHR. Then Christian wept, and said, Oh, how willingly would I have done it! but they were all of them utterly averse to my'going on pil. zrimrage. 72 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. CHAR. But you should have talked to them, and have endeavored to show them the danger of staying behind. CHR. So I did; and told them also what God had shown to me of the destruction of our city; but I seemed to them as one that mocked, and they believed me not. Gen. 19: 14. CHAR. And did you pray to God that he would bless your counsel to them? CHR. Yes, and that with much affection; for you must think that my wife and poor children were very dear to me. CHAR. But did you tell them of your own sorrow, and fear of destruction? for I suppose that destruction was visible enough to you. CHR. Yes, over, and over, and over. They might also see my fears in my countenance, in my tears, and also in my trembling under the apprehension of the judgment that did hang over our heads; but all was not sufficient to prevail with them to come with me. CHAR. But what could they say for thenmselves, why they came not? CHR. Why, my wife was afraid of losing this world, and my children were given to the foolish delights of youth; so, what by one thing, and what by another, they left me to -wander in this manner alone. TALK WITH CHARITY. 8 CHAR. But did you not, with your vain life, damp all that you, by words, used by way of persuasion to bring them away with you? CGri. Indeed, I cannot commend my life, for I am conscious to myself of many failings therein. I know also, that a man, by his conversation, may soon overthrow what, by argument or persuasion, he doth labor to fasten upon others for their good. Yet this I can say, I was very wary of giving them occasion, by any unseemly action, to make theml averse to going on pil. grimage. Yea, for this very thing, they would tell me I was too precise, and that I denied myself of things (for their sakes) in which they saw no evil. Nay, I think I may say, that if what they saw in me did hinder them, it was my great tenderness in sinning against God, or of doing any wrong to my neighbor. CHAR. Indeedl, Cain hated his brother, because his own works were evil, and his brother's righteous, I John, 3: 12; and if thy wife and children have been offended with thee for this, they thereby show themselves to be implacable to good; thou hast delivered thy soul from their blood. Ezek. 3: 19. Now I saw in my dream, that thus they sat talking together until supper was ready. So when they had made ready, they sat down to D* 6 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. meat. Now the table was furnished with fat things, and with wine that was well refined; and all their talk at the table was about the Lord of the hill; as, namely, about what he had done, and wherefore he did what he did, and why he had builded that house; and by what they said, I perceived that he had been a great warrior, and had fought with and slain him that had the power of death, Ifeb. 2: 14, 15; but not without great danger to himself, which made me love him the more. For, as they said, and as I believe, said Christian, he did it with the loss of much blood, But that which put the glory of grace into all he did, was, that he did it out of pure love to his country. And besides, there were some of them of the household that said they had been and spoke with him since he did die on the cross; and they have attested that they had it from his own lips, that he is such a lover of poor pilgrims, that the like is not to be found from the east to the west. They, moreover, gave an instance of what they affirmed; and that was, he had stripped himself of his glory that he might do this ftor the poor; and that they heard him say and affirm, that he would not dwell in the mountain of Zion alone. They said,.moreover, that he had made many pilgrims princes, THE WONDERS SHO-WN. 75 Lhough by nature they were beggars born, and their original had been the dunghill. 1 Sam. 2: 8; Psa. 113: 7. Thus they discoursed together till late at night; and after they had committed themselves to their Lord for protection, they betook themselves to rest. The pilgrim they laid in a large upper chamber, whose window opened towards the sun-rising. The name of the chamber was Peace, where he slept till break of day, and then he awoke and sang, "Where am I now? Is this the love and care Of Jesus, for the men that pilgrims are, Thus to provide that I should be forgiven, And dwell already the next door to heaven!" So in the morning they all got up; and, after some more discourse, they told him that he should not depart till they had shown him the rarities of that place. And first they had him into the study, where they showed him records of the greatest antiquity; in which, as I remember my dream, they showed him the pedigree of the Lord of the hill, that he was the Son of the Ancient of days, and came by eternal generation. Here also was more fully recorded the acts that he had done, and the names of many hundreds that he had taken'nto his service; and how he had placed them 76 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. in such habitations that could neither by length of days, nor decays of nature, be dissolved. Then they read to him some of the worthy acts that some of his servants had done; as how they had subdued kingdoms, wrought. righteousness, obtained promises, stopped the mouths of lions, quenched the violence of fire, escaped the edge of the sword, out of weakness were made strong, waxed valiant in fight, and turned to flight the armies of the aliens. Heb. 11: 33, 34. Then they read again another part of the records of the house, where it was shown how willing their Lord was to receive into his favor any, even any, though they in time past had offered great affronts to his person and proceedings. Here also were several other histories of many other famous things, of all which Christian had a view; as of things both ancient and modern, together with prophecies and predictions of things that have their certain accomplishment, both to the dread and amazement of enemies, and the comfort and solace of pilgrims. The next day they took him, and had him into the armory, where they showed him all manner of furniture which their Lord had provided for pilgrims, as sword, shield, helmet, 11reastplate, all-prayer, and shoes that would TIEE EWONDERS S1OWN. 77 not wear out. Aind there was here enough of this to harness out as many men for the service of their Lord as there be stars in the heaven for multitude. They also showed hirm some of the engines with'which some of his servants had done wonderful things. They showed him Moses' rod; the hammer and nail with which Jael slew Sisera; the pitchers, trumpets, and lamps too, with which Gideon put to flight the armies of Midian. Then they showed him the ox-goad wherewith Shamgar slew six hundred men. They showed him also the jawbone with which Samson did such mighty feats. They showed him moreover the sling and stone with which David slew Goliath of Gath; and the,sword also with which their Lord will kill the man of sin, in the day that he shall rise up to the prey. They showed him besides many excellent things, with which Christian was much delighted. This done, they went to their rest again. Then I saw in my dream, that on the morrow he got up to go forward, but they desired him to stay till the next day also; and then, said they, we will, if the day be clear, show you the Delectable Mountains; which, they said, would yet farther add to his comfort, because they were nearer the desired haven than the place where DIX' 78 PILGRIM'S PROG4ESSo at present he was; so he consented and stayed, When the morning was up, they had him to the top of the house, and bid him look south. So he did, and behold, at a great distance, he saw a most pleasant mountainous country, beautified with woods, vineyards, fruits of all sorts, flowers also, with springs and fountains, very delectable to behold. Isa. 33: 16, 17. -Then he asked the name of the country. They said it was Immanuel's land; and it is as common, said they, as this hill is, to and for all the pilgrims. And when thou comest there, from thence thou mayest see to the gate of the celestial city, as the shepherds that live there will make appear. Now he bethought himself of setting forward, and they were willing he should. But first, said they, let us go again into the armory. So they did; and when he came there, they harnessed him from head to foot with what was of proof, lest perhaps he should meet with assaults in the way. IHe being therefore thus accoutred, walked out with his friends to the gate; and there he asked the Porter if he saw any pilgrim pass by. Then the Porter answered, Yes. CHR. Pray, did you know him? said he. PORT. I asked his name, and he told me it was Ftaithful. CHR. 0, said Christian, I know him; he is PURSUES HIS JOURNEY. 79 my townsman, my near neighbor; he comes from the place where I was born. How far do you think he may be before? PORT. He is got by this time below the hill. C(HR. Well, said Christian, good Porter, the Lord be with thee, and add to all thy blessings much increase for the kindness that thou hast showed me. THE FOURTH STAGE. Then he began to go forward; but Discretion, Piety, Charity, and Prudence would accompany him down to the foot of the hill. So they went on together, reiterating their former discourses, till they came to go down the hill. Then said Christian, As it was difficult coming up, so, so far as I can see, it is dangerous going down. Yes, said Prudence, so it is; for it is a hard matter for a man to go down into the valley of Humiliation, as thou art now, and to catch no slip by the way; therefore, said they, we are come out to accompany thee down the hill. So he began to go down, but very warily; yet he caught a slip or two. Then I saw in my dream, that these good companions, -when Christian was got down to the PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. bottom of the hill, gave him a loaf of bread, a bottle of wine, and a cluster of raisins; and then he went on his way, f'Whilst Christian is among' his godly friends, i Their golden mouths make him sufficient mends |For all his griefs; and when they let him go,, He's clad with northern steel from top to toe." But now, in this valley of Humiliation, poor Christian was hard put to it; for he had gone but a little way before he espied a foul fiend coming over the field to meet him: his name is A-pollyon. Then did Christian begin to be afraid, and to cast in his mind whether to go back, or to stand his ground. But he considered again, that he had no armor for his back, and therefore thought that to turn the back to him might give him greater advantage with ease to pierce him with his darts; therefore he resolved to venture and stand his ground: for, thought he, had I no more in mine eye than the saving of myr life, it would be the best way to stand. So he went on, and Apollyon met him. Now the monster was hideous to behold: he was clothed with scales like a fish, and they are his pride; he had wings like a dragon, and feet like a bear, and out of his belly came fire and smoke; and his mouth was as the mouth of a lion. When he was come up to Christian, he beheld him with a disdainful countenance, and thus began to question him. APOLLYON'S DISCOURSE. 81 APOLLYON. Whence came you, and whither are you bound? CHi. I am come from the city of Destruction, which is the place of all evil, and I am going to the city of Zion. APOL. By this I perceive that thou art one of my subjects; for all that country is mine, and I am the prince and god of it. How is it, then, that thou hast run away from thy king? Were it not that I hope thou mayest do me more services I would strike thee now at one blow to the ground. CuR. I was, indeed, born in your dominions, but your service was hard, and your wages such as a man could not live on; for the wages of sin is death, Rom. 6: 23; therefore, when I was come to years, I did, as other considerate persons do, look out if perhaps I might mend myself. APOL. There is no prince that will thus lightly lose his subjeets, neither will I as yet lose thee; but since thou complainest of thy service and wages, be content to go back, and what our country will afford I do here promise to give thee. CHR. But I have let myself to another, even to the King of princes; and how can I with fairness go back with thee? APOL. Thou hast done in this according to the proverb, "changed a bad for a worse;" but it 4* PILGIRIM'S PROGRESS. is ordinary for those that have professed themsel ves his servants, after a while to give him the slip, and return again to me. Do thou so too, and all shall be well. CHR. I have given him my faith, and sworn my allegiance to him; how then can I go back from this, and not be hanged as a traitor. APOL. ThQu didst the same by me, and yet I am willing to pass by all, if now thou wilt yet turn again and go back. CHR. What I promised thee was in my nonage: and besides, I count that the Prince, under whose banner I now stand, is able to absolve me, yea, and to pardon also what I did as to my compliance with thee. And besides, 0 thou destroying iApollyon, to speak truth, I like his service, his wages, his servants, his government, his company, and country, better than thine; therefore leave off to persuade me farther: I am his. servant, and I will follow him. APOL. Consider again, when thou art in cool blood, what thon art like to meet with in the way that thou goest. Thou knowest that for the most part his servants come to an ill end, because they are transgressors against me and my ways. How many of them have been put to shameful deaths! And besides, thou countest his service better than mine; whereas he never APOLLYON'S DISCOURSE. 83 yet came from the place where he is, to deliver any that served him out of their enemies' hands: but as for me, how many times, as all the World very well knows, have I delivered, either by power or fraud, those that have faithfully served me, from him and his, though taken by them! And so will I deliver thee. CHR. His forbearing at present to deliver them, is on purpose to try their love, whether they will cleave to him to the end: and as for the ill end thou sayest they come to, that is most glorious in their account. For, for present deliverance, they do not much expect it; for they stay for their glory; and then they shall have it, when their Prince comes in his and the glory of the angels. APOL. Thou hast already been unfaithful in thy service to him; and how dost thou think to receive wages of him? CHR. Wherein, 0 Apollyon, have I been unfaithful to him? APOL. Thou didst faint at first setting out, when thou wast almost choked in the gulf of Despond. Thou didst attempt wrong ways to be rid of thy burden, whereas thou shouldst have stayed till thy Prince had taken it off. Thou didst sinfully sleep, and lose thy choice things. Thou wast almost persuaded also to go 84 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. back at the sight of the lions. And when thou talkest of thy journey, and of what thou hast seen and heard, thou art inwardly desirous of vainglory in all that thou sayest or doest. CIuR. All this is true, and much more which thou hast left out; but the:Prince whom I serve and honor is merciful, and ready to forgive. But besides, these infirmities possessed me in thy country, for there I sucked them in, and I have groaned under them, been sorry for them, and have obtained pardon of my Prince. APOL. Then Apollyon broke out into a grievous rage, saying, I am an enemy to this Prince; I hate his person, his laws, and people: I am come out on purpose to withstand thee. CHR. Apollyon, beware what you d(r for I am in the King's highway, the way of holiness; therefore take heed to yourself. APOL. Then Apollyon straddled quite over the whole breadth of the way, and said, I am void of fear in this matter. Prepare thyself to die; for I swear by my infernal den, that thou shalt go no farther: here will I spill thy soul. And with that he threw a flaming dart at his breast; but Christian had a shield in his hand, with which he caught it, and so prevented the danger of that. Then did Christian draw, for he saw it was CONFLICT WITH APOLLYON. 85 time to bestir him; and Apollyon as fast made at him, throwing darts as thick as hail; by the which, notwithstanding all that Christian could do to avoid it, Apollyon wounded him in his head, his hand, and foot. This made Christian give a little back: Apollyon, therefore, followed his work amain, and Christian again took courage, and resisted as manfully as he could. This sore combat lasted for above half a day, even till Christian was almost quite spent: for you must know, that Christian, by reason of his wounds, must needs grow weaker and weaker. Then Apollyon, espying his opportunity, began to gather up close to Christian, and wrestling with him, gave him a dreadful fall; and with that Christian's sword flew out of his hand. Then said Apollyon, I am sure of thee now: and with that he had almost pressed him to death, so that Christian began to despair of life. But, as God would have it, while Apollyon was fetching his last blow, thereby to make a, full end of this good man, Christian nimbly reached out his hand for his sword, and caught it, saying, Rejoice not against me, 0 mine enelmy when I fall, I shall arise, Mic. 7: 8; and With that gave him a deadly thrust, which made him give back, as one that had received his mortal wound. Christian perceiving that, made at, hinm 86 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. again, saying, Nay, in all these things we are more than conquerors, through THim that loved us. Rom. 8: 37. And with that Apollyon spread forth his dragon wings, and sped him away, that Christian saw him no more. James 4: 7. Tn this combat no man can imagine, unless he had seen and heard, as I did, what yelling and hideous roaring Apollyon made all the time of the fight; he spake like a dragon: and on the other side, what sighs and groans burst from Christian's heart. I never saw him all the while give so much as one pleasant look, till he perceived he had wounded Apollyon with his twoedged sword; then, indeed, he did smile, and look upward! But it was the dreadfullest sight that ever I saw. So when the battle was over, Christian said, I will here give thanks to him that hath delivered nfe out of the mouth of the lion, to him that did help me against Apollyon. And so he did, saying, "Great Beelzebub, the captain of this fiend, Designed my ruin; therefore to this end He sent him harness'd out; and he, with rage That hellish was, did fiercely me engage: But blessed Michael helped me, and I, By dint of sword, did quickly make him fly: Therefore to Him let -me give lasting praise, And thank and bless his holy name always." Then there came to him a hand with some of THE SHADOW OF DEATH. 87 Lhe leaves of the tree of life, the which Chris. tian took and applied to the wounds that he had received in the battle, and.was healed iim-, mediately. Ie also sat down in that place to eat bread, and to drink of the bottle that was given him a little before: so, being refreshed, he addressed himself to his journey with his sword drawn in his hand; for he said, I know not but some other enemy may be at hand. But he met with no other affront from Apollyon quite through this valley. Now at the end of this valley was another, called the Valley of the Shadow of Death-; and Christian must needs go through it, because the way to the Celestial City lay through the midst of it. Now, this valley is a very solitary place. The prophet Jeremiah thus describes it: "A wilderness a land of deserts and pits, a land of drought, and of the Shadow of Death, a land that no man" (but a Christian) "passeth through, and where no man dwelt." Jer. 2: 6. Now here Christian was worse put to it than in his fight with Apollyon, as by the sequel you shall see. I saw then in my dream, that when Christian was got to the borders of the Shadow of Death, there met him two men, children of them that brought up an evil report of the good land Num E 88 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 13: 32, making haste to go back; to whom Christian spake as follows. CHR. Whither are you going? MEN. They said, Back, back; and we would have you do so too, if either life or peace is prized by you. CiR. Why, what's the matter? said Christian. MEN. Matter! said they; we were going that way as you are going, and went. as far as we durst: and indeed we were almost past coming back; for had we gone a little further, we had not been here to bring the news t6 thee. CHR. But what have you met with? said Christian. MEN. Why, we were almost in the Valley of the Shadow of Death, but that by good hap we looked before us, and saw the danger before we came to it. Psa. 44: 19; 107: 19. CHR. But what have you seen? said Christian. MEN. Seen! why the valley itself which is as dark as pitch: we also saw there the hobgoblins, satyrs, and dragons of the pit: we heard also in that valley a continual howling and yelling, as of a people under unutterable misery, who there sat bound in affliction and irons: and over that valley hang the discouraging clouds of HORRnORS OF -THEt VALLEY. 8F confusion: Death also doth always spread his wings over it. In a word, it is every whit dreadful, being utterly without order. Job 3: 5; 10: 22. CaR. Then, said Christian, I perceive not yet, by what you have said, but that this is my way to the desired haven. Psalm 44: 18, 19; Jer. 2: 6. MEN. Be it thy way; we will not choose it for ours. So they parted, and Christian went on his way, but still with his sword drawn in his hand, for fear lest he should be assaulted. I saw then in my dream, so far as this valley reached, there was on the right hand a very deep ditch; that ditch is it into which the blind have led the blind in all ages, and have both there miserably perished. Again, behold, on the left hand there was a very dangerous quag, into which, if even a good man falls, he finds no bottom for his foot to stand,on: into that quag king David.once did fall, and had no doubt therein been smothered, had not He that, is able plucked him out. Psa. 69: 14. The pathway was here also exceeding narrow, and therefore good Christian was the more put to it; for when he sought, in the dark, to shun the ditch on the one hand, he was ready to tip 90 PILGRIM'S.PROGRESS. over into the mire on the other; also, when he sought to escape the mire, without great carefulness he would be ready to fall into the ditch. Thus he went on, and I heard him here sigh bitterly; for besides the danger mentioned above, the pathway was here so dark, that ofttimes when he lifted up his foot to go forward, he knew not where, or upon what he should set it next. About the midst of this valley I perceived the mouth of hell to be, and it stood also hard by the wayside. Now, thought Christian, what shall I do? And ever and anon the flame asnd smoke would come out in such abundance, with sparks and hideous noises, (things that cared not for Christian's sword, as did Apollyon before,) that he was forced to put up his sword, and betake himself to another weapon, called All-prayer, Eph. 6: 18; so he cried, in my hearing, O Lord, I beseech thee, deliver my'soul. Psa. 116: 4. Thus he went on a great while, yet still the flames would be reaching towards him; also he heard doleful voices, and rushings to. and filo, sc that sometimes he thought he should be torn in pieces, or trodden down like mire in the streets. This frightful sight was seen, and these dreadful noises were heard by him for several miles together; and coming to a place where he thought he heard a company of fiends coming forward HORRORS OF THE VALLEY. 91 to meet him, he stopped, and began to muse what he had best to do. Sometimes he had half a thought to go back; then again he thought he might be half-way through the valley. He remembered also, how he had already vanquished many a danger; and that the danger of going back might be much more than for to go forward. So he resolved to go on; yet the fiends seemed to come nearer and nearer. But when they were come even almost at him, he cried out with a most vehement voice, I will walk in the strength of the Lord God. So they gave back, and came no farther. One thing I would not let slip. I took notice that now poor Christian was so confounded that he did not know his own voice; and thus I perceived it. Just when he was come over against the mouth of the burning pit, one of the wicked ones got behind him, and stepped up softly to him, and whisperingly suggested many grievous blasphemies to him, which he verily thought had proceeded from his own mind. This put Christian more to it than any thing that he met with before, even to think that he should now blaspheme Him that he loved so much before. Yet if he could have helped it, he would not have done it; but he had not the discretion either to stop his ears, or to know from whence these blasphemies came PI LGRIM'S PROGRESS When Christian had travelled in this discon solate condition some considerable time, he thought he heard the voice of a man, as going before him, saying, Though I walk through the Valley of the Shadow of Death, I will fear no evil, for thou art with me. Psa. 23: 4. Then was he glad, and that for these reasons: First, Because he gathered from thence, that some who feared God were in this valley as well as himself. Secondly, For that he perceived God was with tlhell though in that dark and dismal state. And why not, thought he, with me? though by reason of the impediment that attends this place, I cannot perceive it. Job 9: 11. Thirdly, For that he hoped (could he overtake them) to have company by and by. So he went on, and called to him that was before; but he knew not what to answer, for that he also thought himself to be alone. And by and by the day broke: then said Christian, "He hath turned the shadow of death into the morning." Amos 5: 8. Now morning being come, he looked back, not out of desire to return, but to see, by the light of the day, what hazards he had gone through in the dark. So he saw more pcrfectly MOPRNING DAWN S. 93 the ditch that was on the one hand, and the qluag that was on the other; also how narrow the way was which led betwixt them both. Also now he Saw the hobgoblins, and satyrs, and dragons of the pit, but all afar off; for after break of day they came not nigh; yet they were discovered to him, according to that. which is written, "He discovereth deep things out of darklness, and bringeth out to light the shadow of deathl." Job 12: 22. Now was Christian much affected with this deliverance from all the dangers of his solitary way; which dangers, though he feared them much before, yet he saw them more clearly now, because the light of the day made them conspicuous to him. And about this time the sun was rising, and this was another mercy to Christian; for you must note, that though the first part of the Valley of the Shadow of Death was dangerous, yet this second part, which he was yet to go, was, if possible, far more dangerous; for, from the place where he now stood, even to the end of the valley, the way was all along set so full of snares, tral.ps, gins, and nets here, and so full of pits, pitfalls, deep holes, and shelvings-down there, that had it now been dark, as it was when he came the first part of the way, had he had a thousand souls, they had in reason been cast away; but, as I said, just now the sun was rising. Then said E PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. he, "His candle shineth on my head and. by his light I go through darkness." Job 29: 3. In this light, therefore, he caime to the end of the valley. Now I saw in my dream, that at the end of the valley lay blood, bones, ashes, and mangled bodies of men, even of pilgrims that had gone this way formerly; and while I was musing what should be the reason, I espied a little before me a cave, where two giants, Pope and Pagan, dwelt in old times; by whose power and tyranny the men whose bones, blood, ashes, etc., lay there, were cruelly put to death. But by this place Christian went without much danger, whereat I somewhat wondered; but I have learnt since, that Pagan has been dead many a day; and as for the other, though he be yet alive, he is, by reason of age, and also of the many shrewd brushes that he met with in his younger days, grown so crazy and stiff in his joints that he can now do little more than sit in his cave's mouth, grinning at pilgrims as they go by, and biting his nails because he cannot come at them. So I saw that Christian went on his way; yet, at the sight of the old man that sat at the mouth of the cave, he could not tell what to think, especially because he spoke to him, though he could not go after him, saying, You will never mend till more of you be burned. But he held CHRISTIAN SEES FAITHFUL. 95 his peace, and set a good face on it; and so went by, ared catched no hurt. Then sang Christian, "O world of wonders, (I can say no less,) That I should be preserved in that distress That I have met with here! O blessed be That hand that from it ha.th delivered me! Dangels in darkness, devils, hell, and sin, Did compass me, while I this vale was in; Yea, snares, and pits, and traps, and nets did lie My path about, that worthless, silly I Might have been catch'd, entangled, and cast down; But since I live, let Jesus wear the crown." THE FIFTH STA GE. Now, as Christian went on his way, he cam&e to a little ascent, which was cast up on purpose that pilgrims might see before them: up there, therefore, Christian went; and looking forward, he saw Faithful before him upon his journey. Then said Christian aloud, Ho, ho; so-ho; stay, and I will be your companion. At that Faithful looked behind him; to whom Christian cried again, Stay, stay, till I come up to you. But Faithful answered, No, I am upon my life, and the avenger of blood is behind me. At this Christian was somewhat moved, and putting to all his strength, he quickly got up with Faithful, and did also overrun him; so the .96 PIL GRIM'S PROGRESS last was first. Then did Christian vaingloriously smile, because he had gotten the start of his brother; but not taking good heed to his feet, he suddenly stumbled and fell and could not rise again until Faithful came up to hell) him. Then I saw in my dream, they went very lovingly on together, and had sweet discourse of all things that had happened to them in their pilgrimage; and thus Christian began. CHn. My honored and well-beloved brother Faithful, I am glad that I have overtaken you, and that God has so tempered our spirits that we can walk as companions in this so pleasant a path. FAITH. I had thought., my dear friend, to have had your company quite from our town, but you did get the start of me; wherefore I was forced to come thus much of the way alone. CHR. Hlow long did you stay in the city of Destruction before you set out after me on your pilgrimage? FAITH. Till I could stay no longer; for there was a great talk presently after you were gone out, that our city would, in a short time, with fire from heaven, be burnt down to the ground. CIIR. What, did your neighbors talk so? FAITH. Yes, it was for a while in every body's mouth. CHRISTIAN AND FAITHFUL. 97 CHR. What, and did no more of thenm but you come out to escape the danger? F.Am. Though there was, as I said, a great talk thereabout, yet I do not thinfik they did firmly believe it; for, in the heat of the discourse, I heard some of them deridingly speak of you and of your desperate journey, for so they called this your pilgrimage. But I did believe, and do still, that the end of our city will be with fire and brimstone from above; and therefore I have made my escape. CER. Did you hear no talk of neighbor Pliable? FAITH. Yes, Christian, I heard that he followed you till he came to the Slough of Despond, where, as some said, he fell in; but he would not be known to have so done: but I am sure he was soundly bedabbled with that kind of dirt. CHR. And what said the neighbors to him? FAITH. He hath, since his going back, been had greatly in derision, and that among all sorts of people: some do mock and despise him, and scarce will any set him on work. lie is now seven times worse than if he had never gone out of the city. CII. But why should they be so set against him, since they also despise the way that he forsook? 98 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS, FAITHe. 0 they say, Hang him; he is a turncoat; he was not true to his profession! I think God has stirred up even His enemies to hiss at him, and make him a proverb, because he hath forsaken the way. Jer. 29: 18, 19. CHR. HIad you no talk with him before you came out? FAITH. I met him once in the streets, but he leered away on the other side, as one ashamed of what he had done; so I spake not to him. C0HR. Well, at my first setting out I had hopes of that man; but now I fear he will perish in the overthrow of the city. For it has happened to him according to the true proverb, The dog is turned to his vomit again, and the sow that was washed to her wallowing in the mire. 2 Pet. 2: 22. FAITH. These are my fears of him too; but who can hinder that which will be? CHR. Well, neighbor Faithful, said Christian, let us leave him, and talk. of things that. more immediately concern ourselves. Tell me now what you have met with in the way as you came; for I know you have met with some things, or else it may be writ for a wonder. FAITH. I escaped the slough that I perceived you fell into, and got up to the gate without that danger; only I met with one whose name was CHRISTIAN AND FAITHFUL. 99 Wanton, who had like to have done me mischief. CHR. It was well you escaped her net: Joseph was hard put to it by her, and he escaped her as you did; but it had like to have cost him his life. Gen. 39: 11-13. But what did she do to you? FAITH. You cannot think (but that you know something) what a flattering tongue she had; she lay at me hard to turn aside with her, promising me all manner of content. CHR. Nay, she did not promise you the content of a good conscience. FAITH. YOU know, that I mean all carnal and fleshly content. CHR. Thank God that you escaped her: the abhorred of the Lord shall fall into her pit. Prov. 22: 14. FAITH. Nay, I know not whether I did wholly escape her or no. CHn. Why, I trow you did not consent to her desires? FAITH. No, not to defile myself; for I remembered an old writing that I had seen, which said, E"Her steps tiake hold on hell." Prov. 5: 5. So I shut mine eyes, because I would not be bewitched with her looks. Job 31: 1. Then she railed on me, and I went my way. CIR. Did you meet with no other assault as you came? ].00 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. FAITH. When I came to the foot of tbl hiPl called Difficulty, I met with a very aged man, who'asked me what I was, and whither bound. I told him that I was a pilgrim, going to the Celestial City. Then said the old man, Thou lookest like an honest fellow; wilt thou be content to dwell with me for the wages that I shall give thee? Then I asked his name, and where lihe dwelt. He said his name was Adam the First, and t-hat he dwelt in the town of Deceit. Eph. 4: 22. I asked him then what was his work, and what the wages that he would give. He told me that his work was many delights; and his wages, thlat I should be his heir at last. I further asked him, what house he kept, and what other servants he had. So he told me that his house was maintained with all the dainties of the world, and that his servants were those of his own begetting. Then I asked how many children he had. He said that he had but three daughters, the Lust of the Flesl, the Lust of the Eyes, and the Pride of Life, 1 John, 2: 16; and that I should marry them if I would. Then I asked, how long time hle would have me live with him; and he told me, as long as he lived himself. CHR. Well, and what conclusion came the old man and you to at last? CHRISTIAN AND FAITHFUL. 101 FAITH. Why, at first, I found myself some. what inclinable to go with the man, for I thought he spoke very fair; but looking in his forehead, as I talked with him, I saw there written, "[Put off the old maln with his deeds." CHR. And how then? FAITH. Then it came burning hot into my mind, that, whatever he said, and however he flattered, when he got me home to his house he would sell me for a slave. So I bid him forbear to talk, for I would not come near the door of his house. Then he reviled me, and told me that he would send such a one after me that should mnake my way bitter to my soul, So I turned to go awav from him; but just as I turned myself to go thence, I felt him take hold of my flesh, and give me such a deadly twitch back, that I thought he had pulled part of me after himself: this made me cry, "O wretched man." Rom. 7: 24. So I went on my way up the hill. Now, when I had got about half-way up, I looked behind me, and saw one coming after me, swift as the wind; so he overtook me just about the place where the settle stands. CHR. Just there, said Christian, did I sit down to rest me; but being overcome with sleep, T there lost this roll out of my bosom. E* 102 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS, FAITH. But, good brother, hear me out. So soon as the man overtook me, it was but a word and a blow; for down he knocked me, and laid me for dead. But when I was a little come to myself again I asked him wherefore he served me so. He said because of my secret inclining to Adam the First. And with that he struck me another deadly blow on the breast, and beat me down backward; so I lay at his feet as dead as before. So when I came to myself again I cried him mercy: but he said, I know not how to show mercy; and with that he knocked me down again. He had doubtless made an end of me, but that one came by and bid him forbear. CIHR. Who was that that bid him forbear? FAITH. I did not know him at first: but as he went by, I perceived the holes in his hands and in his side: then I concluded that he was our Lord. So I went up the hill. CHR. That man that overtook you was Moses. *He spareth none; neither knoweth he how to show mercy to those that transgress the law. FAITH. I know it very well; it was not the first time that he has met with me.'Twas he that came to me when I dwelt securely at home, and that told me that he would burn my house over my head if I stayed there. CHR. But did you not see the house that CHRISTIAN AN D FAITHFUL. 103 stood there on the top of the hill, on the side of which Moses met you? FAITH. Yes, and the lions too, before I came at it. But, for the lions, I think they were asleep, for it was about noon; and because I had so much of the day before me, I passed by the Porter, and came down the hill. CHR. IHe told me, indeed, that he saw you go by; but I wish that you had called at the house. for they would have showed you so many rarities that you would scarce have forgot them to the day of your death. But pray tell me, did you meet nobody ill the Valley of Humility? FAITH. Yes, I met with one Discontent, who would willingly have persuaded me to go back again with him: his reason was, for that the valley was altogether without honor. He told me, moreover, that to go there was the way to disoblige all my friends, as Pride, Arrogancy, Self-Conceit, Worldly Glory, with others, who he knew, as he said, would be very much offended if I made such a fool of myself as to wade through this valley. CIHR. Well, and how did you answer him? FAITH. I told him, that although all these that he named might claim a kindred of me, and that rightly, (for indeed they were my relations according to the flesh,) yet since I became a pilgrim 5 104 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. they have disowned me, and I also have rejected them; and therefore they were to me now no more than if they had never been of nmy lineage. I told him, moreover, that as to this valley, he had quite misrepresented the thing; for before honor is humility, and a haughty spirit before a fall. Therefore, said I, I had rather go through this valley to the honor that was so accounted by the wisest, than choose that which he esteemed most worthy of our affections. CHR. Met you with nothing else in that valley? FAITH. Yes, I met with Shame; but of all the men that I met with on mny pilgrimage, he, I think, bears the wrong name. The others would be said nay, after a little argumentation, and somewhat else; but this bold-faced Shame would never have done. CHn. Why, what did he say to you? FAITH. What? why, he objected against religion itself. He said it was a pitiful, low, sneaking business for a man to mind religion. He said, that a tender conscience was an unmanly thing; and that for a manl to watch over his words and ways, so as to tie up himself from that hectoring liberty that the brave spirits of the times accustom themselves unto, would make him the ridicule of the times. He objected also, that but CHRISTIAN AND FAITHFUL. 105 few of the mighty, rich, or wise, were ever of my opinion; nor any of them neither, before they were persuaded to be fools, and to be of a voluntarv fondness to venture the loss of all for nobody knows what. 1 Cor. 1: 26; 3: 18; Phil. 3: 7-9; John 7: 48. He, moreover, objected the base and low estate and condition of those that were chiefly the pilgrims of the times in which they lived; also their ignorance and want of understanding irn all natural science. Yea, he did hold me to it at that rate also, about a great many more things than here I relate; as, that it was a shame to sit whining and mourning under a sermon, and a shame to come sighing and groaning home; that it was a shame to ask my neighbor forgiveness for petty faults, or to make restitution where I have taken from any. He said also, that religion made a man grow strange to the great, because of a few vices, which he called by finer names, and made him own and respect the base, because of the same religious fraternity: and is not this, said he, a shame? CHR. And what did you say to him? FAITH. Say? I could not tell what to say at first. Yea, he put me so to it, that my blood came. up in my face; even this Shame fetched it up, and had almost beat me quite off. But at last I began to consider. that that which is highly 106 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. esteemed among men, is had in abomination with God. Luke 16: 15. And I thought again, this Shame tells me what men are; but he tells me nothing, what God or the word of God is. And I thought, moreover, that at the day of doom we shall not be doomed to death or life according to the hectoring spirits of the world, but according to the wisdom and law of the Highest. Therefore, thought I, what God says is best, is indeed best, though all the men in the world are against it. Seeing, then, that God prefers his religion; seeing God prefers a tender conscience; seeing they that make themselves fools for the kingdom of heaven are wisest, and that the poor man that loveth Christ is richer than the greatest man in the world that hates him; Shame, depart, thou art an enemy to my salvation. Shall I entertain thee against my sovereign Lord? How then shall I look him in the face at his coining? Mark 8: 38. Should I now be ashamed of his ways and servants, how can I expect the blessing? But indeed this Shame was a bold villain; I could scarcely shake him. out of my company; yea, he would be haunting of me,'and continually whispering me in the ear with some one or other of the infirmities that attend religion. But at last I told him, that it was but in vain to attempt farther in this business; for CHRIlSTIAN AND FAITHFUL. 107 those things that he disdained, in those did I see most glory: and so at last I got past this importunate one. And when I had shaken him off, then I began to sing, "The trials that those men do meet withal, That are obedient to +he heavenly call, Are manifold, and suited to the flesh, And come, and come, and come again afresh; That now, or some time else, we by them may Be taken, overcome, and cast away. O let the pilgrims, let the pilgrims then, Be vigilant, and quit themselves like men." CHR. I am glad, my brother, that thou didst withstand this villain so bravely; for of all, as thousayest, I think he has the wrong name; for he is so bold as to follow us in the streets, and to attempt to put us to shame before all men; that is, to make us ashamed of that which is good. But if he was not himself audacious, he would never attempt to do as he does. But let us still resist him; for, notwithstanding all his bravadoes, he promoteth the fool, and none else. "The wise shall inherit glory," said Solomon; "but shame shall be the promotion of fools." Prov.3: 35. FAITH. I think we must cry to Him for help against Shame, that would have us to be valiant for truth upon the earth. CHR. You say true; but did fou meet nobody else in that valley? 0U8 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. FAITH. No, not I; for I had sunshine all the rest of the way through that, and also through the Valley of the Shadow of Death. CHn.'Twas well for you; I am sure it fared far otherwise with me. I had for a long season, as soon almost as I entered into that valley, a dreadful combat with that foul fiend Apollyon; yea, I thought verily he would have killed me, especially when he got me down, and crushed me under him, as if he would have crushed me to pieces; for as he threw me, my sword flew out of my hand: nay, he told me he was sure of me; but I cried to God, and he heard me, and delivered me out of all my troubles. Then I entered into the Valley of the Shadolw of Death, and had no light for almost half the way through it. I thought I should have been killed there over and over; but at last day brake, and the sun rose, and I went through that which was behind with far more ease and quiet. Moreover, I Saw in my dream, that as they went oai, Faithful, as he chanced to look on one side, saw a man whose name was Talkative, walking at a distance beside them; for in this place there was room enough for them all to walk. He was a tall man,. and something more comely at a distance than at hand. To this man Faithful addressed himself in this manner. TALKATIVE AND Fi ITH FUL. 1.09 FATTH. Friend, whither away? Are you goingto the heavenlly country-? TA:L:K. I am going to the same place. FAITH. That is well; then I hope we shall have your good company? TALK. With a very good will, will I be your companion. FAITH. Come on, then, and let us go together, and let us spend our time in discoursing of things that are profitable. TALK. To talk of things that are good, to me is very acceptable, with you or with any other; and I am glad that I have met with those that incline to so good a work; for, to speak the truth, there are but few who care thus to spend their time as they are in their travels, but choose much rather to be speaking of things to no profit; and this hath been a trouble to me. FAITH. That is, indeed, a thing to be lamented; for what thing so worthy of the use of the tongue and mouth of men on earth, as are the things of the God of heaven? TALK. I like you wonderful well, for youi saying is full of conviction; and I will add, Wbat thing is so pleasant, and what so profitable, as to talk of the things of God? What things so pleasant? that is, if a man hath any delight in things that are wonderful. For instance, if a I G PtIELG z 3IM'S PROGRESS. man doth delight to talk of the history, or the mystery of things; or if a man doth love to talk of miracles, wonders, or signs, where shall he find things recorded so delightful, and so sweetly penned, as in the holy Scripture? FAITH. That is true; but to be profited by such things in our'talk, should be our chief design. TALK. That's it that I said; for to talk of such things is most profitable; for by so doing a man may get knowledge of many things; as of the vanity of earthly things, and the benefit of things above. Thus in general; but more particularly, by this a man may learn the necessity of the new birth, the insufficiency of our works, the need of Christ's righteousness, etc. Besides, by this a man may learn what it is to repent, to believe, to pray, to suffer, or the like: by this, also, a man may learn what are the great promises and consolations of the Gospel, to his own comfort. Farther, by this a man may learn to refute false opinions, to vindicate the truth, and also to instruct the ignorant. FAITH. A11 this is true; and glad am I to hear these things from you. TALK. Alas! the want of this is the cause that so few understand the need of faith, and the necessity of a work of grace in their soul. in TALKATIVE AND FAITHFUL. 11] order to eternal life; but ignorantly live in the works of the law, by which a man can by no means obtain the kingdom of heaven. FAITH. But, by your leave, heavenly knowledge of these is the gift of God; no man attaineth to them by human industry, or only by the talk of them. TALK. All this I know very well; for a man can receive nothing, except it be given him from heaven: all is of grace, not of works. I could give you a hundred scriptures for the confirmation of this. FAITH. Well, then, said Faithful, what is that one thing that we shall at this time found our discourse upon? TALK. What you will. I will talk of things heavenly, or things earthly; things moral, or things evangelical; things sacred, or things profane; things past, or things to come; things foreign, or things at home; things more essential, or things circumstantial: provided that all be done to our profit. FAITH. NOW did Faithful begin to wonder; and stepping to Christian, (for he walked all this while by himself) he said to him, but softly, What a brave companion have we got! Surely, this man will make a very excellent pilgrim. C(R. At this Christian modestly smiled, alnd F Z1[~ PIL GRIM' S PIO C( GRE SS. said, This man, with whom you are so taken, will beguile with this tongue of his, twenty of them that know him not. FAITH. Do you know him, then? CHt. Know him? Yes, better than he knows himself. FAITH. Pray what is he? Cun. His name is Talkative: he dwelleth in our town. I wonder that you should be a stranger to him, only I consider that our town is large. FAITe. Whose son is he? iAnd whereabout doth he dwell? CamR He is the son of one Say-well. He dwelt in Prating-Row; and he is known to all that are acquainted with him by the name of Talkative of Prating-Row; and, notwithstanding his fine tongue, he is but a sorry fellow. FAITH. Well, he seems to be a very pretty man. CaR. That is, to them that have not a thorough acquaintance with him, for he is best abroad; near home he is ugly enough. Your saying that he is a pretty man, brings to my mind what I have observed in the work of a painter, whose pictures show best at a distance; but very near, mrore unpleasing. FAITH. But I am ready to think you do but jest, because you smiled. TALKATIVE'S CHARACTER. 113 OumI. God forbid that I should jest (though I smiled) in this matter, or that I should accuse any falsely. I will give you a further discovery of him. This man is for any company, and for any talk; as he talketh now with you, so will he talk when he is on the ale-bench; and the more drinkg he hath in his crown, the more of these things he hath in his mouth. Religion hath no place in his heart, or house, or conversation; all he hath lieth in his tongue, and his religion is to make a noise therewith. FAITH. Say you so? Then am I in this man greatly deceived. CnH. Deceived! you may be sure of it. Remember the proverb, "They say, and do not;" but the kingdom of God is not in word, but in power. Matt. 23: 3; 1 Cor. 4: 20. He talketh of prayer, of repentance, of faith, and of the new birth; but he knows but only to talk of them. I have been in his family, and have observed him both at home and abroad; and I know what I say of him is the truth. His house is as empty of religion as the white of an egg is of savor. There is there neither prayer, nor sign of repentance for sin; yea, the brute, in his kind, serves God far better than he. He is the very stain, reproach, and shame of religion to all that, know him, Rom. 2: 24, 25; it can hardly 114. PiLGRIM'S PROGRESS. have a good word in all that end of the town where he dwells, through him. Thus say the common people that know him, "A saint abroad, and a devil at home." His poor family finds it so; he is such a churl, such a railer at, and so unreasonable with his servants, that they neither know how to do for or speak to him. Men that have any dealings with him say, It is better to deal with a Turk than with him, for fairer dealings they shall have at their hands. This Talkative (if it be possible) will go beyond them, defraud, beguile, and overreach them. Besides, he brings up his sons to follow his steps; and if he finds in any of them a foolish timorousness, (for so he calls the first appearance of a tender conscience,) he' calls themn fools and blockheads, and by no means'will employ them in much, or speak to their commendation before others. For my part, I am of opinion that he has, by his wicked life, caused many to stumble and fall; anzld will be, if God prevents not, the ruin of many more. FAITH. Well, my brother, I am bound to believe you, not only because you say you know him, but also because, like a Clhristian, you make your reports of men. For I cannot think that; you speak these things of ill-will, but because it is even so as you say. TALKATIVE9S CHA R,&CTER. 1]5 CARI. Had I known him no more than you, I. night, perhaps, have thought of him as at the first you did; yea, had I received this report at their hands only that are enemies to religion, I should have thought it had been a slander —a lot that often falls from bad men's mouths upon good mlen's names and professions. But all these things, yea, and a great many more as bad, of my own knowledge, I can prove him guilty of. Besides, good men are ashamed of him; they can neither call him brother nor friend the very naming of him among them makes them blush, if they know him. FAITH. Well, I see that saying and doing are two things, and hereafter I shall better observe this distinction. CHR. They are two things indeed, and are as diverse as are the soul and the body; for, as the body without the soul is but a dead carcass, so sayizng if it be alone, is but a dead carcass also. The soul of religion is the practical part.' Pure religion and undefiled before God and the Father is this, to visit the fatherless and widows in their affliction, and to keep himself unspotted from the world." James 1: 27; see also verses 22-26. This, Talkative is not aware of; he thinks that hearing and saying will malke a good Christian; and thus he deceiveth his own. 116 PILGRIM'S P 0 GRESS. soul. Hearing is but as the sowing of the seed; talking is not sufficient to prove that fruit is indeed in the heart and life. And let us assure ourselves, that at the day of doom men shall be judged according to their fruits. Matt. 13: 23. It will not be said then, Did you believe? but, Were you doers, or talkers only? and accordingly shall they be judged. The end of the world is compared to our harvest, MAatt. 13: 30, and you know men at harvest regard'nothing but fruit. Not that any thing can be accepted that is not of faith; but I speak this to show you how insignificant the profession of Talkative will be at that day. FAITH. This brings to my mind that of Moses, by which he describeth the beast that is clean. Lev. 11; Deut. 14. HEe is such an one that parteth the hoof and cheweth the cud; not that parteth the hoof only, or that cheweth the cud only. The hare cheweth the cud, but yet is unclean, because he parteth not the hoof. And this truly resembleth Talkative: he cheweth the cud, he seeketh knowledge; he cheweth upon the word, but he divideth not the hoof. He parteth not with the way of sinners; but, as the hare, he retaineth the foot of the dog or bear, and therefore he is unclean. CHtR. You have spoklen, for aught I know, the TALKATIVE'S CHARACTER. 117t true gospel sense of these texts. And I will add another thing: Paul calleth some men, yea, and those great talkers too, sounding brass, and tinkling cymbals, 1 Cor. 13: 1, 3; that is, as he expounds them in another place, things without life giving sound. 1 Cor. 14: 7. Things without life; that is, without the true faith and grace of the Gospel; and, consequently, things that shall never be placed in the kingdom of hbaven among those that are the children of life; though their sound, by their talk, be as if it were the tongue or voice of an angel. FAITH. Well, I was not so fond of his cormpany at first, but I am as sick of it now. What shall we do be rid of him? CHR. Take my advice, and do as I bid you, and you shall find that he will soon be sick of your company too, except God shall touch his heart, and turn it. FAITHI. What would you have me to do? CHR. Why, go to him, and enter into some serious discourse about the power of religion; and ask him plainly, (when he has approved of it, for that he will,) whether this thing. be set up in his heart, house, or conversation. FAITH. Then Faithful stepped forward again, and said to Talkative, Come, what cheer? Hew is it now? F 118 PILGRIM'S PROGRESSJ. TALk. Thank you, wellf: I thought {Wioldi hUl~ have had a great deal of talk by this>'iie. FAITH. Well, if you will, we will fall to it now; and since you left it with me to state the question, let it be this: How doth the savding grace of God discover itself when it is in the heart of man? TAom. I perceive, then, that our talk must be about the power of things. Well, it is a very good question, and I shall be willing to answer you. And take my answer in brief, thus: First, where the grace of God is in the heart, it causeth there a great outcry against sin. SecondlyFAITH. Nay, hold; let us consider of one at once. I think you should. rather say, It shows itself by inclining the soul to abhor its sin. TAXIK. Why, what difference is there between crying out against, and abhorring of sin? FAITH. Oh! a great deal. A man may cry out against sin, of policy; but he cannot abhor it but by virtue of a godly antipathy against it. I have heard many cry out against sin in the pulpit, who can yet abide it well enough in the heart, house, and conversation. Gen. 39: 15. Joseph's mistress cried. out with a loud voice, as if she had been very holy; but she would wil lingly, notwithstancindg that, have committed un(ceanness with himn Some cry out against sin, FAITHFUL AND TALKATIVE. 1109 even as the mother cries out against her child in her lap, when she calleth it slut and naughty girl, and then falls to hugging and kissing it. TALK. You lie at the catch, I perceive. FAITH. NO, not I; I am only for setting things right. But what is the second thing whereby you would prove a discovery of a work of grace in the heart? TAL. Great knowledge of gospel mysteries. FAITH. This sign should have been first: but, first or last, it. is also false; for knowledge, great knowledge, may be obtained in the mysteries of the Gospel, and yet no work of grace in the soul. Yea, if a iman have all knowledge, he may yet be nothing, and so, consequently, be no child of God. 1. Cor. 13: 2. When Christ said, "Do you know all these things?" and the disciples answered, Yes, he added, "Blessed are ye if ye do them." He doth not lay the blessing in the knowing of them, but in the doing of them. For there is a knowledge that is not attended with' doing: "He that knoweth his Master's will, and doeth it not." A man may know like an angel, and yet be no Christian: therefore your sign of it is not true. Indeed, to know is a thing that pleaseth talkers and boasters; but to do is that which 9 120 PILGRIMI'S PROGRESS. pleaseth God. Not that the heart can be good without knowledge, for without that the heart is naught. There are, therefore, two sorts of knowledge, knowledge that resteth in the bare speculation of things, and knowledge that is accompanied with the grace of faith and love, which puts a man upon doing even the will of God from the heart: the first of these will serve the talker; but without the other, the true Christian is not content. " Give me understanding, and I shall keep thy law; yea, I shall observe it with my whole heart." Psa. 119: 34. TALK. You lie at the catch again: this is not for edification. FAITH. Well, if you please, propound another sign how this work of grace discovereth itself where it is. TALEK. Not I, for I see we shall not agree. FAITH. Well, if you will not, will you give me leave to do it? TALK. You may use your liberty. FAITH. A work of grace in the soul discovereth itself eithet to him that hath it, or to standers-by. To him that hath it, thus: It gives him conviction of sin, especially the defilement of his nature, and the sin of unbelief, for the sake of which he is sure to be damned, if he findeth not mercy at FAITHFUL AND TALKATIVE. 12.1 God's hand, by faith in Jesus Christ. This sight and sense of things worketh in him sorrow and shame for sin. Psa. 38: 18; Jer. 31: 19; John 16: 8; Rom. 7: 24; Mark 16: 16; Gal. 2: 16; Rev. 1: 6. Ile findeth, moreover, revealed in him the Saviour of the world, and the absolute necessity of closing with him for life; at the which he findeth hungerings and thirstings after him; to which hungerings, etc., the promise is made. Now, according to the strength or weakness of his faith in his Saviour, so is his joy and peace, so is his love to holiness, so are his desires to know him more, and also to serve him in this world. But though, I say, it discovereth itself thus unto him, yet it is but seldom that he is able to conclude that this is a work of grace; because his corruptions now, and his abused reason, make his mind to misjudge in this matter: therefore in him that hath this work there is required a very sound judgment, before he can with steadiness conclude that this is a work of grace. John 16: 9; Gal. 2: 15, 16; Acts 4: 12; Matt. 5: 6; Rev. 21: 6. To others it is thus discovered: 1. By an experimental confession of his faith in Christ. 2. By a life answerable to that confession; to wit, a life of holiness-heart-holiness, family-holiness, (if he hath a family,) and by 122 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. conversation-holiness in the world; which ir, the general teacheth him inwardly to abhor his sin, and himself for that, in secret; to suppress it in his fianily, and to promote holiness in the world: not bay talk only, as a hypocrite, or talkative person may do, but by a practical subjection in faith and love to the power of the word. Job 42: 5, 9; Psa. 50: 23; Ezek. 20: 43; Matt. 5: S; John 14: 15; Rom. 10: 10; Ezek. 36: 25; Phil. 1: 27; 3: 17-20. And now, sir, as to this brief description of the work of grace, and also the discovery of it, if you have aught to object, object; if not, then give me leave to propound to you a second question. TALK. Nay, my part is not now to object, but to hear; let me, therefbre, have your second question. FAITH. It is this: Do you experience this first part of the description of it; and doth your life and conversation testify the same.? Or standeth your religion in word or tongue, and not in deed and truth? Pray, if you incline to answer me in this, say'no more than yoi know the God above will say Amen to, and also nothing but what your conscience can justify you in; for not, he that commendeth himself is approved, but whom the Lord commendeth. Besides, to say I am thus and thus, when my conversation, FAITHFUL AND TALKATIVE. 128 and all my neighbors, tell me I lie, is great wickedness, Then Talkative at first began to blush; but, recovering himselfW thus he replied: You come now to experience, to conscience, and to God; and to appeal to him for justification of what is spoken. This kind of discourse I did not expeet; nor am I disposed to give an answer to such questions, because I count not myself bound thereto, unless you take upon you to be a catechiser; and though you should so do, yet I may refuse to make you my judge. But I pray, will you tell me why you ask me such questions? FAITH. Because I saw you forward to talk, and because I knew not that you had aught else but notion. Besides, to tell you all the truth, I have heard of you that you are a man whose religion lies in talk, and that your conversation gives this your mou'th-profession the lie. They say you are a spot among Christians, and that religion fareth the worse for your ungodly conversation; that some have already stumbled at your wicked ways, and that more are in danger of being destroyed thereby: your religion, and an ale-house, and covetousness, and uncleanness, and swearing, and lying, and vain company-keeping, etc., will stand together. The 124 PILGRIIM'S PROGRESS. proverb is true of you which is said of a, harlot, to wit, " That she is a shame to all womrn:" so are you a shame to all professors. TALK. Since you are so ready to take up reports, and to judge so rashly as you do, I cannot but conclude you are some peevish or melancholy man, not fit to be discoursed with; and so adieu. Then up came Christian, and said to his brother, I told you how it would happen; your words and his lusts could not agree. lie had rather leave your company than reform his life. But he is gone, as I said: let him go; the loss is no man's but his own. He has saved us the trouble of going from him; for he continuing (as I suppose he will do) as he is, would have been but a blot in our company: besides, the apostle says, "From' such withdraw thyself." FAITH. But, I am glad we had this little discourse with him; it may happen that he will think of it again: however, I have dealt plainly with him, and so am clear of his blood if he perisheth. CHR. You did well to talk so plainly to him as you did. There is but little of this faithful dealing with men now-a-days, and that makes religion to stink so in the nostrils of many as it CHRISTIAN AND FAYTHFUL. 125 doth; for they are these talkative fools, whose religion is only in word, and who are debauched and vain in their conversation, that (being so much admitted into the fellowship of the godly) do puzzle the world, blemish Christianity, and grieve the sincere. I wish that all men would deal with such as you have done; then should they either be made more conformable to religion, or the company of saints would be too hot for them. Then did Faithful say, "How Talkative at first lifts up his plumes! How bravely doth he speak! How he presumes To drive down all before him! But so soon As Faithful talks of heart-work, like the moon That's past the full, into the wane he goes; And so will all but he that heart-work know." Thus they went on, talking of what they had seen by the way, and so made that way easy, which would otherwise no doubt have been te. dlious to them, for now they went through a wilderness. F* 126 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. Ti:E SIXTH STAGE. Now when they were got almost quite out; ot this wilderness, Faithful chanced to cast his eye back, and espied one coming after them, and he knew him. Oh! said Faithful to his brother, who comes yonder? Then Christian looked, and said, It is my good friend Evangelist. Aye, and my good friend too, said Faithful, for'twas he that set me on the way to the gate. Now was Evangelist come up unto them, and thus saluted them. EVAN. Peace be with you, dearly beloved, and peace be to your helpers. CHR. Welcome, welcome, my good Evangelist: the sight of thy countenance brings to my remembrance thy ancient kindness and unwearied labors for my eternal good. FAITI. And a thousand times welcome, said good Faithful, thy company, 0 sweet Evangelist; how desirable is it to us poor pilgrims! EVAN. Then said Evangelist, How hath it fared with you, my friends, since the time of our last parting? What have you met with, and how have you behaved yourselves.? Then Christian and Faithful told him of all things that had happened to them in the way; EVANGELIST'S EXHORTATIONS, 127 and how, and with what difficulty, they had arrived to that place. Right glad am I, said Evangelist, not that you have met wi;th trials, but that you have been victors, and for that you have, notwithstanding many weaknesses, continued in the way to this very day. I say, right glad am I of this thing, and that for mine own sake and yours: I have sowed, and you have reaped; and the day is coming, when " both he that soweth, and they that reap, shall rejoice together," John 4: 36; that is, if you hold out: 1" for in. due season ye shall reap, if ye faint not." Gal. 6: 9. The crown is before you,'nld it is an incorruptible one; "so run that ye may obtain it." 1 Cor. 9: 24-27. Some there be that set out for this crown, and after they have gone far for it, another comes in and takes it from them: "hold fast, therefore, that you have; let no man take your crown." Rev. 3: 11. You are not yet out of the gunshot of the devil; "you have not resisted unto blood, striving against sin." Let the kingdom be always before you, and believe steadfastly concerning the things that are invisible. Let nothing that is on this side the other world get within you. And, above all, look well to your own hearts and to the lusts thereof; for they are " deceitful 128 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. above all things, and desperately wicked." Set your faces like a flint; you have all power in heaven and earth on your side. CHR. Then Christian thanked him for' his exhortations; but told him withal, that they would have him speak farther to them for their help the rest of the way; and the rather,'for that they well knew that he was a prophet, and could tell them of things that might happen unto them, and also how they might resist and overcome them. To which request Faithful also consented. So Evangelist began as followeth. EVAN. My sons, you have heard in the word of the truth of the Gospel, that you must s" through many tribulations _s;ter into the kingdom of heaven;" and again, that "in every city, bonds -and afflictions abide you;" and therefore you cannot expect that you should go long on your pilgrimage without them, in some sort or other. Youl have found something of the truth of these testimonies upon you already, and more will immediately follow: for now, as you see, you are almost out of this wilderness, and therefore you will soon come into a town that you will by and by see before you; and in that town you will be hardly beset with eneMies, who will strain hard but they will kill VANITY FAIR. 129 you; and be you sure that one or both of you must seal the testimony which you hold, -with blood; but "be you faithful unto death, and the King will give you a crown of life." iHe that shall die there, although his death will be unnatural, and his pain, perhaps, great, he will yet have the better of his fellow; not only because he will be arrived at the Celestial City soonest, but because he will escape many miseries that the other will meet with in the rest of his journey. But when you are come to tte town, and shall find fulfilled what I have here related, then remember your friend, and quit yourselves like men, and "commit the keeping of your souls to God in well doing, as unto a faithful Creator." Then I saw in myv dream, that when they wvere got out of the wilderness, they presently saw a town before them, and the name of that town is Vanity; and at the town there is a fair kept, called Vanity Fair. It is kept all the year long. It beareth the name of Vanity Fair, because the town where it is kept is lighter than vanity, Psa. 62: 9; and also because all that is there sold, or that cometh thither, is vanity; as is the saying of the wise, "All that cometl is vanity." Eccl. 11: 8; see also 1: 2-14, 22 11-17; Isa. 40: 17. 130 PILGRIM'S PRO GRtESS This fair is no new-erected business but a thing of ancient standing. I will show you the original of it. Almost five thousand years ago there were pilgrims'walking to the Celestial City, as these two honest persons are: and Beelzebub, Apollyon, and Legion, with their companions, perceiving by the path the pilgrims made, that their way to the city lay through this town of Vanity, they contrived here to set up a fair; a fair wherein should be sold all sorts of vanity, and that it should last all the year long. Therefore, at this fair are all such merchandise sold as houses, lands, trades, places, honors, preferments, titles, countries, kingdoms, lusts, pleasures; and delights of all sorts, as harlots, wives, husbands, children, masters, servants, lives, blood, bodies, souls, silver, gold, pearls, precious stones, and what not. And moreover, at this fair there is at all times to be seen jugglings, cheats, games, plays, fools, apes, knaves, and rogues, and that of every kind. Here are to be seen, too, and that for nothing, thefts, murders, adulteries, false-swearers, and that of a blood-red color. And,y as in other fairs of less moment, there are the several rows and streets under their VANITY FAIR. 131 proper names, where such and such wares are vended; so here, likewise, you have the proper places, rows, streets, (namely, countries and kingdoms,) where the wares of this fair are soonest to be found. Here is the Britain iRow, the French Row, the Italian Row, the Spanish Row, the German Row, where several sorts of vanities are to be sold. But, as in other fairs, some one commodity is as the. chief of all the fair; so the ware of Rome and her merchandise is greatly promoted in this fair; only our English nation, with some others, have taken a dislike thereat. Now, as I said, the way to the Celestial City lies just through this town where this lusty fair is kept; and he that would go to the city, and yet not go through this town, "must needs go out of the world." 1 Cor. 4: 10. The Prince of princes himself, when here, went through this town to his own country, and that upon a fair-day too; yea, and, as I think, it was Beelzebub, the chief lord of this fair, that invited him to buy of his vanities, yea, would have made him lord of the fair, would he but have done him reverence as he went through the town. Yea, because he was such a person of honor, Beelzebub had hini from street to street, and showed him all the king 132 PILGRIMI'S PROGRESS. doms of the world in a little time, that he might if possible, allure that blessed One to cheapen and buy some of his vanities: but he had no mind to the merchandise, and therefore left the town, without laying out so much as ont ifarthing upon these vanities. Matt. 4: 8s 9; Luke 4: 5-7. This fair, therefore, is an ancient thing, of long standing, and a very great fair. Now, these pilgrims, as I said, must needs go through this fair. Well, so they did; but behold, even as they entered into the fair, all the people in the fair were moved; and the town itself, as it were, in a hubbub about them, and that for several reasons: for, First, The Pilgrims were clothed with such kind of raiment as was diverse from the raiment of any that traded in that fair. The people, therefore, of the fair made a great gazing upon them: some said they were fools; I Cor. 4: 9, 10; some, they were bedlams; and some, they were outlandish men. Secondly, And as they wondered at their apparel, so they did likewise at their speech; for few could understand what they said. They naturally spoke the language of Canaan; but they that kept the fair were the men of this world: so that from one end of the fair to the other, they seemed barbarians each to the other. 1 Cor. 2: 7, 8 HUBBUB IN THE FAIR. 133 Thirdly, But that which did not a little amuse the merchandisers was, that these pilgrims set very light by all their wares. They cared not so much as to look upon them; and if they called upon them to buy, they would put their fingers in their ears, and cry, "Turn away mine eyes from beholding vanity," Psa. 119: 37, and look upward, signifring that their trade and traffic was in heaven. Phil. 3: 20, 21. One chanced, mockingly, beholding the carriage of the men, to say unto them, 1"What will ye buy?" But they, looking gravely upon him, said, "We buy the truth." Prov. 23: 23. *At that there was an occasion taken to despise the m( n the more; some mocking, some taunting, some speaking reproachfully, and some calling.up(n others to smite them. At last, things came to a hubbub and great stir in the fair, insomuch that all order was confounded. Now was word presently brought to the great one of the fair, who quickly came down, and deputed some of his most trusty friends to take those men into examination about whom the fair -was almost overturned. So the men were brought to examinaution; and they that sat upon them asked them whence they came, whither they went and what they did there in such an unusual garb. The men told them they were pilgrims and strangers It3F4 PIL(GRIM'S PRO GIESS. in the world, and that they were going to their own country, which was the heavenly Jerusalem, Heb. 11-: 13-16; and that they had given no occasion to the men of the town, nor yet to the merchandisers, thus to abuse them, and to let them in their journey, except it was for tlhat, when one asked them what they would buynZ, they said they would buy the truth. But they that were appointed to examine them did not believe them to be any other than bedlams and mad, or else such as came to put all things into a confusion in the fair. Therefore they took them and beat tlIVzm, and besmeated them with dirt, and then put them into the cage, that they might be made a spectacle to all the men of the fair. There, therefore, they lay for some time, and were made the objects of any man's sport, or malice, or revenge; the great one of the fair laughing still at all that befell them. But the men being patient, and "not rendering railing for railing, but contrariwise blessing," and giving good words for bad, and kindness for injuries done, some men in the fair, that were nlore observing and less prejudiced than the rest, began to check and blame the baser sort for their continual abuses done by them to the men. They, therefore, in an angry manner let fir at them again, counting them as bad as the THE PILGRIMS PERSECUTED. 12, men in the cage, and telling them that they seerled confederates, and should be made partakers of their misfortunes. The others replied that, for aught they could see, the men were quiet and sober, and intended nobody any harm; and that there were many that traded in their fair that were more worthy to be put into the cage, yea, and pillory too, than were the men that they had abused. Thus, after divers words had passed on both sides, (the men behaving themselves all the while very wisely and soberly before them,) they fell to some blows among themselves, and did harm one to another. Then were these two poor men brought before their examiners again, and were charged as being guilty of the late hubbub that had been in the fair. So they beat them pitifully, and hanged irons upon them, and led them in chains up and down the fair, for an example and terror to others, lest any should speak in their behalf, or join themselves unto them. But Christian and Faithful behaved themselves yet more wisely, and received the ignominy and shame that was cast upon them with so much meekness and patience, that it won to their side (though but few in comparison'of the rest) several of the men in the fair. This put the other party yet into a greater rage, insomuch that they cona 130 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. eluded the death of these two men. Wherefore they threatened that neither cage nor irons should serve their turn, but that they should die for the abuse they had done, and for deluding the men of the fair. Then were they remanded to the cage again, until further order should be taken with them. So they put them in, and made their feet fast in the stocks. Here, also, they called again to mind what they had heard from their faithful friend Evangelist, and were the more confirmed in their way and sufferings by what he told them would happen to them. They also now comforted each other, that whose lot it was to suffer, even he should have the best of it: therefore each man secretly wished that he might have that preferment. But committing themselves to the all-wise disposal of Him that ruleth all things, with much content they abode in the condition in which they were, until they should be otherwise disposed of. Then a convenient time being appointed, they brought them forth to their trial, in order to their condemnation. When the time was come, they were brought before their enemies and arraigned The judge's name was Lord Hate-good; their indictment was one and the same in substance, f~~~~~~~f-~~~~~/ ficC, I' 4-A IN FAITHFUL SPEAKf.S IN 111S OWN DEFENCE. FAITHFUL'S TRIAL. 137 though somewhat varying in form; the contents whereof was this: " That they were enemies to, and disturbers of, the trade; that they had made commotions and divisions in the town, and had won a party to their own most dangerous opinions, in contempt of the law of their prince." Then Faithful began to answer, that he- had only set himself against that which had set itself against Him that is higher than the highest. And, said he, as for disturbance, I make none, being myself a man of peace: the parties that were won to us, were won by beholding our truth and innocence, and they are only turned from the worse to the better. And as to the king you talk of, since he is Beelzebub, the enemy of our Lord, I defy him and all his angels. Then proclamation was made, that they that had aught to say for their lord the king against the prisoner at the bar, should forthwith appear, and give in their evidence. So there came in three witnesses, to wit, Envy, Superstition, and Pickthank. They were then asked if they knew, the prisoner at the bar; and what they had to say for their lord the king against him. Then stood forth Envy, and said to this effect: My lord, I have known this man a long 138 PILGRIM S PROGRESS. time, and will attest upon my oath before this honorable bench, that he is — JUDGE. Hold; give him his oath. So they sware him. Then he said, My lord, -this man, notwithstanding his plausible name, is one of the vilest men in our country; he neither. regardeth prince nor people, law nor custom, but doeth all that he can to possess all men with certain of his disloyal notions, which he in the general calls principles of faith and holiness. And in particular, I heard him once myself affirm, that Christianity and the customs of our town of Vanity were diametrically opposite, and could not be reconciled. By which saying, my lord, he doth at once not only condemn all our laudable doings, but us in the doing of them. Then did the judge say to him, Hast thou any more to say? ENVY. My lord, I could say much more, only I would not be tedious to the court. Yet if need be, when the other gentlemen have given in their evidence, rather than anything shall be wanting that will dispatch him, I will enlarge my testimony against him. So he was bid to stand by. Then they called Sulierstition, and bid him look upon the prisoner. They also asked, what WITNESSES AGAINST FAITHFUL. 189 he could say for their lord the king against him. Then they sware him; so he began. SUPER. My lord, I have no great acquaintance with this man, nor do I desire to have further knowledge of him. However, this I know, that he is a very pestilent fellow, from some discourse that I had with him the other day, in this town.; for then, talking with him, I heard him say, that our religion was naught, and such by which a man could by no means please God. Which saying of his, my lord, your lordship very well knows what necessarily thence will follow, to wit, that we still do worship in vain, are yet in our sins, and finally shall be damned: and this is that which I have to say. Then was Pickthank sworn, and bid say what he knew in the behalf of their lord the king against the prisoner at the bar. PiCn. My lord, and you gentlemen all, this fellow I have known of a long time, and have heard him speak things that ought not to be spoken; for he hath railed on our noble prince Beelzebub, and bath spoken contemptibly of his honorable friends, whose names are, the Lord Old Man, the Lord Carnal Delight, the Lord Luxurious, the Lord Desire of Vain GlC-ory, mny old Lord Lechery, Sir H-Iaving Greedy, with all the rest of our nobility: and he hath said, mores 140 PILGRITM'S PROGRESS over, that if all men were of his mind, if pos sible, there is not one of these noblemen should have any longer a being in this town. Besides, he hath not been afraid to rail on you, my lord, who are now appointed to be his judge, calling you an ungodly villain, with many other such like vilifying terms, with which he hath bespattered most of the gentry of our town. When this Pickthank had told his tale, the judge directed his speech to the prisoner at the bar, saying, Thou runagate, heretic, and traitor. hast thou heard what these honest gentlemen have witnessed against thee? FArrITH. May I speak a few words in my own defence? JUDGE. Sirrah, sirrah, thou deservest to live no longer, but to be slain immediately upon the place; yet, that all men may see our gentleness towards thee, let us hear what thou, vile runagate, hast to say. FAITH. 1. I say, then, in answer to what Mr. Envy hath spoken, I never said aught but this, that what rule, or laws, or custom, or people, were flat against the word of God, are diametrically opposite to Christianity. If I have said amiss in this, convince me of my error, and I am ready here before you to make my recantation. 2. As to the second, to wit, Mr. Superstition, THE JUDGE'S CHARGE. 141 and his charge against me, I said only this, that in the worship of God there is required a divine faith; but there can be no divine faith without a divine revelation of the will of God. Therefore, whatever is thrust into the worship of God that is not agreeable to divine revelation, cannot be done but by a human faith; which faith will not be profitable to eternal life. 3. As to what Mr. Pickthank hath said, I say, (avoiding terms, as that I am said to rail, and the like,) that the prince of this town, with all the rabblement, his attendants, by this gentleman named, are more fit for a being in hell than in this town and country. And so the Lord have mercy upon me. Then the judge called to the jury, (who all this while stood by to hear and observe,) Gentlemen of the jury, you see this man about whom so great an uproar hath been made in this town; you have also heard what these worthy gentlemen have witnessed against him;. also, you have heard his reply and confession: it lieth now in your breasts to hang him, or save his life; but yet I think meet to instruct you in our law. There was an act made in the days of Pharoah the Great, servant to our prince, that, lest those of a contrary religion should multiply and G 142 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. grow too strong for him, their males should be thrown into the river. Exod. 1: 22. There was also an act made in the days of Nebuchadnezzar the Great, another of his servants, that whoever would not fall down and worship his golden image, should be thrown into a fiery furnace. Dan. 3: 6. There was also an act made in the days of Darius, that whoso for some time called upon any god but him, should be cast into the lion's den. Dan. 6: 7. Now, the substance of these laws this rebel has broken, not only in thought, (which is not to be borne,) but also in word and deed; which must, therefore, needs be intolerable. For that of Pharoah, his law was made upon a supposition to prevent mischief, no crime being yet apparent; but here is a crime apparent. For the second and third, you see- he disputeth against our religion; and for the treason that he hath already confessed, he deserveth to die the death. Then went the jury out, whose names were Mr. Blindman, Mr. No-good, IMr. Malice, Mr. Love-lust, Mr. Live-loose, Mr. Heady, Mr. Highmindt, Ar. Enmlity, OMr. Liar, MIr. Cruelty, Mr. HIate-light, and Mr. Implacable; who every one gave in his private verdict against him among themselves, and afterwards unanimously conclu FA IT HFU L S MARTY RDOM. 143 ded to bring him in guilty before the judge. And first among themselves, Mr. Blindm.ani the foreman, said, I see clearly that this man is a heretic. Then said Mr. No-good, Away witb such a fellow from the earth. Aye, said Mr Malice, for I hate the very looks of him. Then said Mr. Love-lust, I could never endure him. Nor I, said Mr. Live-loose, for he would always be condemning my way. Hang him, hang him, said Mr. Heady. A sorry scrub, said Mr. Highmind. My heart riseth against him, said Mr. Enmity. He is a rogue, said Mr. Liar. Hanging is too good for him, said Mr. Cruelty. Let us dispatch him out of the way, said Mr. Hatelight. Then said AMr. Implacable, Might I have all the world given me, I could not be reconciled to him;' therefore let us forthwith bring him in guilty of death. And so they did; therefore he was presently condemned to be had from the place where he was, to the place from whence he came, and there to be put to the most cruel death that could be invented. They therefore brought him out, to do with him according to their law; and first they scourged him, then they buffeted him, then they lanced his flesh with knives; after that, they stoned him with stones, then pricked him with 144 PILGRIM'S PROGREbS. their swords; and last of all, they burned him to ashes at the stake. Thus came Faithful to his end. Now I saw, that there stood behind the multitude a chariot and a couple of horses waiting for Faithful, who (so soon as his adversaries had dispatched him) was taken up into it, and straightway was carried up through the clouds with sound of trumpet, the nearest way to the celestial gate. But as for Christian, he had some respite, and was remanded back to prison: so he there remained for a space. But He who overrules all things, having the power of their rage in his own hand, so wrought it about, that Christian for that time escaped them, and went his way. And as he went, he sang, saying, "Well, Faithful, thou hast faithfully profest Unto thy Lord, with whom thou shalt be blest, When faithless ones,' with all their vain delights, Are crying out under their hellish plights: Sing, Faithful, sing, and let thy name survive;'or though tJhey killed thee, thou art vet ive~" DISCOURSE WITH BY-ENDS. 145 THE SEYENTH STAGE. Now I saw in my dream, that Christian went not forth alone; for there was one whose name was Hopeful, (being so made by the beholding of Christian and Faithful in their words and behavior, in their sufferings at the fair,) who joined himself unto him, and entering into a brotherly covenant, told him that he would be his companion. Thus one died to bear testimony to the truth, and another rises out of his ashes to be a companion with Christian in his pilgrimage. This Hopeful also told Christian. that there were mnany more of the men in the fair that would take their time and follow after. So I saw, that quickly after they were got out of the fair, they overtook one that was going before them, whose name was By-ends; so they said to him, What countryman, sir? and bow far go you this -way? He told them,-that he came from the town of Fair-speech, and he was going to the Celestial City; but told them not his name. From Fair-speech? said Christian; is there any good that lives there? Prov. 26: 25. BY. Yes, said By-ends, I hope so. 7 146 PILGRIM'S PROGRE SS. CnR. Pray, sir, what may I call you? said Christian. BY. I am a stranger to you, and you to me: if you be going this way, I shall be glad of your company; if not, I must be- content. CHR. This town of Fair-speech, said Christian, I have heard of; and, as I remember, they say it's a wealthy place. By. Yes, I will assure you that it is; and I have very many rich kindred there. CHR. Pray, who are your kindred there, if a man may be so bold? By. Almost the whole town; and in particular my Lord Turn-about, my Lord Time-server, my Lord Fair-speech, from whose ancestors that town first took its name; also, Mr. Smooth-man, Mr. Facing-both-ways, Mr. Any-thing; and the parson of our parish, Mr. Two-tongues, was my mother's own brother, by father's side; and, to tell you the truth, I am become a gentleman of good quality; yet my great-grandfather was but a waterman, looking one way and rowing another, and I got most of my estate by the same occupation. CuR. Are you a married man. BY. Yes, and my wife is a very virtuous wo man, the daughter of a virtuous woman; she was my Lady Feigning's daughter; therefore she DISCOURSE WITH BY-ENDS. 147 came of a very honorable family, and is arrived to such a pitch of breeding, that she knows how to carry it to all, even to prince and peasant.'Tis true, we somewhat differ in religion from those of the stricter sort, yet but in two small points: First, we never strive against wind and tide. Secondly, we are always most zealous when religion goes in his silver slippers; we love much to walk with him in the street, if the sun shines and the people applaud him. Then Christian stepped a little aside to his fellow Hopeful, saying, it runs in my mind that this is one By-ends, of Fair-speech; and if it be he, we have as very a knave in our company as dwelleth in all-these parts. Then said Hopeful, Ask him; methinks he should not be ashamed of his name. So Christian came up with him again, and said, Sir, you talk as if you knew something more than all the world doth; and, if I take not my mark amiss, I deem I have half a guess of you. Is not your name Mr. By-ends, of Fair-speech? By. This is not my name, but indeed it is a nickname that is given me by some that cannot abide me, and I must be content to bear it as a reproach, as other good men have borne theirs before me. COn. But did you never give an occasion to men to call you by this name? 145 PILGR I M'S PROGRESS. By. Never, never! The worst that ever I did to give them an occasion to give me this name was, that I had always the luck to jump in my judgment with the present way of the times, whatever it was, and my chance was to get thereby: but if things are thus cast upon me, let me count them a blessing; but let not the malicious load me therefore with reproach. CHR. I thought, indeed, that you were the man that I heard of; and to tell you what I think, I fear this name belongs to you more properly than you are willing we should think it doth. By. Well if you will thus imagine, I cannot help it; you shall find me a fair company'keeper, if you will still admit me your associate. CHR. If you will go with us, you must go against wind and tide; the which, I perceive, is against your opinion: you must also own IReligion in his rags, as well as when in his silver slippers; and stand by him, too, when bound in irons, as well as when he walketh the streets with applause. BY. You mrust not impose, nor lord it over my faith; leave me to my liberty, and let me go with you. Cnm. Not a step fartlher, unless you will do, in what I propound, as we. BY-END'S C O P A N I O NS. 149 Then said By-ends, I shall never desert my old principles, since they are harmless and profitable. If I may not go with you, I must do as I did before you overtook me, even go by myself, until some overtake me that will be glad of my company. Now I saw in my dream, that Christian and Hopeful forsook him, and kept their distance before him; but one of them, looking back, saw three men following Mr. By-ends; and, behold, as they came up with him, he made them a very low congee; and they also gave him a compliment. The men's names were, Mr. Hold-tbeworld, Mr. Money-love, and Mr. Save-all, men that Mr. By-ends had formerly been acquainted with; for in their minority they were schoolfellows, and were taught by one Mr. Gripeman, a schoolmaster in Lovegain, which is a markettown in the county of Coveting, in the North. This schoolmaster taught them the art of getting, either by violence, cozenage, flattering, lying, or by putting on a guise of religion; and these four gentlemen had attained much of the art of their master, so that they could each of them have kept such a school themselves. Well, when they had, as I said, thus saluted each other, Mr. Money-love said to Mr. By-ends, Who are they upon the road before us? for Christian and Hopeful were yet within view, Go 150 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. By. They are a couple of far-countrymen, that, after their mode, are going on pilgrimage. MONEY. Alas! why did they not stay, that we might have had their good company? for they, and we, and you, sir, I hope, are all going on pilgrimage. BY. We are so, indeed; but the men before us are so rigid, and love so much their own notions, and do also so lightly esteem the opinions of others, that let a man be ever so godly, yet if he jumps not with them in all things, they thrust him. quite out of their company. SAVE. That is bad; but we read of some that are righteous overmuch, and such men's rigidness prevails with them to judge and condemn all but themselves. But I pray, what, and how many, were the things wherein you differed? BY. Why they, after their headstrong manner, conclude that it is their duty to rush on their journey all weathers; and I am for waiting for wind and tide. They are for hazarding all for God at a clap; and I am for taking all advarntages to secure my lite and estate. They are for holding their notions, though all other men be against them; but I am for religion in what and so far as the times and my safety will bear it. They are for religion when in rags and contempt; but I am for him when he walks in his IV- lE' ND'b COMPANIONS 151 silver slippers, in the sunshine, and with applause. HOLD-THE-WORLD. Aye, and hold you there still, good Mr. By-ends; for, for my part, I can count him but a fool, that having the liberty to keep what he has, shall be so unwise as to lose it. Let us be wise as serpents. It is best to make hay while the sun shines. You see how the bee lieth still in winter, and bestirs her only when she can have profit with pleasure. God sends sometimes rain, and sometimes sunshine: if they be such fools to go through thke first, yet let us be content to take fair weather along with us. For my part, I like that religion best that will stand with the security of God's good blessings unto us; for who can imagine, that is ruled by his reason, since God has bestowed upon us the good things of this life, but that he would have us keep them for his sake? Abraham:and Solomon grew rich in religion; and Job says, that a good man shall lay up gold as dust; but he must not be such as the men before us, if they be as you have described them. SAVE. I think that we are all agreed in this matter; and therefore there needs no more words about it. MONEY. NO, there needs no more words about this matter, indeed; for he that believes neither 11 152 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. Scripture nor reason, (and you see we have both on our side,) neither knows his own liberty noe seeks his own safety. BY. il;y brethren, we are, as you see, going all on pilgrimage; and for our better diversion from things that are bad, give me leave to propound unto you this question. Suppose a man, a minister, or a tradesman, etc., should have an advantage lie before him to get the good blessings of this life, yet so as that he can by no means come by them, except, in appearance at least, he becomes extraordinary zealous in some points of religion that he meddled not with before; may he not use this means to attain his end, and yet be a right honest man? MONEY. I see the bottom of your question; and with these gentlemen's good leave, I will endeavor to shape you an answer. And first, to speak to your question as it concerneth a minister himself: suppose a minister, a worthy man, possessed but of a very small benefice, and has in his eye a greater, more fat and plump by far; he has also now an opportunity of getting it, yet so as by being more studious, by preaching more frequently and zealously, and, because the temper of the people requires it, by altering of some of. his principles; for my part, I see no reason why a man may not do this, provided he has a call, BY-END'S COMPANIONS aye, and more a great deal besides, and yet be an honest man. For why? 1. His desire of a greater benefice is lawful. (this cannot be contradicted,) since it is set before him by Providence; so then he may get it if he can, making no question for conscience' sake. 2. Besides, his desire after that benefice makes him more studious, a imore zealous preacher, etc., and so makes him a better man, yea, makes him better improve his parts, which is according to the mind of God. 3. Now, as for his complying with the temper of his people, by deserting, to serve them, some of his principles, this argueth, 1. That he is of a self-denying temper. 2. Of a sweet and winning deportment. And, 3. So more fit for the ministerial function. 4. 1 conclude, then, that a minister that changes a small for a great, should not, for so doing, be judged as covetous; but rather, since he is improved in his parts and industry thereby, be counted as one that pursues his call, and the opportunity put into his hand to do good. And now to the second part of the question, which concerns the tradesman' Tou mentioned. Suppose such an one to lhave but a poor employ in the world, but by becoming religious he may mend his market, perhaps get a rich wife, or 7* 154 PILG1R1I'S PROGRESS more and far better customers to his shop; for my part, I see no reason but this may be lawfully done. For why? 1. To become religious is a virtue, by what means soever a man becomes so. 2. Nor is it unlawful to get a rich wife, or more custom to my shop. 3. Besides, the man that gets these by becoming religious, gets that which is good of them that are good, by becoming good himself; so then here is a good wife, and good customers, and good gain, and all these by becoming religious, which is good: therefore, to become religious to get all these is a good and profitable design. This answer, thus made by Mr. Money-love to Mr. By-ends' question, was highly applauded by them all; wherefore they concluded, upon the whole, that it was most wholesome and advantageous. And because, as they thought, no man was able to contradict it; and because Christian and Hopeful were yet within call, they jointly agreed to assault them with the question as soon as they overtook them; and the rather, because they had opposed Mr. By-ends before. So they called after them, and they stopped and stood still till they came up to them; but they coneluded, as they went, that not Mr. By-ends, but old Mr. Hold-the-world should [ropound the ques uHRISTIAN'S ANSWER. 15,5 tion to them, because, as they supposed, their answer to him would be without the remainder of that heat that was kindled betwixt Mr. By-ends and them at their parting a little before. So they came up to each other, and after a short salutation, Mr' Hold-the-world propounded the question to Christian and his fellow, and then bid them to answer if they could. Then said Christian, Even a babe in religion may answer ten thousand such questions. For if it be unlawful to follow Christ for loaves, as it is, John 6: 26; how much more abominable is it to make of him and religion a stalking-horse to get and enjoy the world! Nor do we find any other than heathens, hypocrites, devils, and wizards, that are of this opinion. 1. Heathens: for when Hamor and Shechem had a mind to the daughter and cattle of Jacob, and saw that there was no way for them to come at them but by being circumcised, they said to their companions, If every male of us, be circumcised, as they are circumcised, shall not their cattle, and their substance, and every beast of theirs be ours? Their daughters and their cattle were that which they sought to obtain, and their religion the stalking-horse they made use of to colle at them. Read the whole story, G-en. 34: 20-24. .{56 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 2. The hypocritical Pharisees were also of this religion: long prayers were their pretence, but to get widows' houses was their intent; and greater damnation was from God their judgment. Luke 20: 46, 47. 3. Judas the devil was also of this religion: he was religious for the bag, that he might be possessed of what was put therein; but he was lost, cast away, and the very son of perdition. 4. Silmon the wizard was of this religion too; for he would have had the Holy Ghost, that he might have got money therewith: and his serftence from Peter's mouth was according. Acts 8: 19-22. 5. Neither will it go out of my mind, but that that man who takes up religion for the world, will throw away religion for the world; for so surely as Judas designed the world in becoming religious, so surely did he also sell religion and his Master for the same. To answer the question, therefore, affirmatively, as I perceive you have done, and to accept of, as authentic, such answer, is heathenish, hypocritical, and devilish; and your reward will be according to your works. Then they stood staring one upon another, but had not wherewith to answer Christian, Hopeful also approved of the soundness of Chris LUCRE HILL 157 tian's answer; so there was a great silence among them. Mr. By-ends and his company also staggered and kept behind, that Christian and Hopeful might outgo them. Then said Christian to his fellow, If these men cannot stand before the sentence of men, what will they do witlh the sentence of God? And if they are mute when dealt with by vessels of clay, what will they do when they shall be rebuked by the flames of a devouring fire? Then Christian and I1opeful outwent them agfain, and went till they came at a delicate plain, called Ease, where they went with much content; but that plain was but narrow, so they were quickly got over it. Now at the fartler side of that plain was a little hill, called Lucre, and in that hill a silver-mine, which some of themn that had formerly gone that way, because of the rarity of it, had turned aside to see; but going too near the brim of the pit, the ground, being deceitful under them7, broke, and they were slain: some also had been maimed there, and could not, to their dying day, be their own men again. Then I saw in my dream, that a little off the road, over against the silver-mine, stood Demas (gentleman-like) to call passengers to come and see; who said to Christian and his fellow. Ho" turn aside hither, and I will show you a thing I 68 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. C(Hn. What thing so deserving as to turn us out of the way to see it? DEMAS. Here is a silver-mine, and some digging in it for treasure; if you will come, with a little pains you may richly provide for yourselves. HOPE. Then said IHopeful, let us go see. Cnt. Not I, said Christian: I have heard of this place before now, and how many there have been slain; and besides, that treasure is a snare to those that seek it, for it hindereth them in their pilgrimage. Then Christian called to Demas, saying, Is not the place dangerous? Hath it not hindered many in their pilgrimage? Hosea 9: 6. DEMAS. Not very dangerous, except to those that are careless; but withal he blushed as he spake. C-IR. Then said Christian to Hopeful, Let us not stir a step, but still keep on our way. HOPE. I will warrant you, when By-ends comes up, if he hath the same invitation as we, he will turn in thither to see. CHIR. No doubt thereof, for his principles lead him that way, and a hundred to one but he dies there DEMAS. Then Demas called again, saying, But will you not come over and see? DEMAS' INVITATIONo. 19 COR. Then Christian roundly answered, sayv Mng, Demas, thou art an enemy to the right wayof the Lord of this way, and hast beew c ahe~dy condemned for thine own turning aside, by one of his Majesty's judges, 2 Tim. 4: 10; and why seekest thou to bring uas into the like condemnation? Besides, if we at all turn aside, our Lord the Kh; w-,ill certainly hear thereof, and will there put us to shame, where we would stand with bold ness before him. Demas cried again, that he also was one of their fraternity; and that if they would tarry a little, he also himself would walk with them. CHR. Then said Christian, What is thi name? Is it not the same by which I have called thee? DEM3AS. Yes, my name is Demlas; I am the son of Abraham. Cam. I know you: Gehazi was your greatgrandfather, and Judas your father, and you have trod in their steps; it is but a devilish prank that thou usest: thy father was hanged for a traitor, and thou deservest no better reward. 2 Kings, 5: 20-27; Matt. 26: 14, 15; 27: 3-5. Assure thyself, that when we come to the King, we will tell him of this thy behavior. Thus they went their way. By this time By-ends and his companions 160 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. were come again within sight,, and they at the first beck went over to Demas. Now, whether tho unto the conduct of their guide, he went I'or,, vard, and they went after. GREAT. Then said Mr. Great-Heart, We need not. be so afraid of this valley, for here is nothing to hurt us, unless we procure it to ourselves. It is true, Christian did here meet with Apollyon, with whom he also had a sore combat: but that fray was'the fruit of those slips which he got in his going down the hill; for they that get slips there, must, look for combats here. And hence it is, that this valley has got so hard a name. For the common people, when they hear that some frightful thing has befallen such a one in such a place, are of opinion that that place is haunted with some foul fiend or evil spirit; when, alas! it is.for the fruit of their own doing that such things do befall them there. This Valley of Humiliation is of itself as fruitful a place as any the crow flies over: and I am persuaded, if we could hit upon it, we might find somewhere hereabouts something that might give us an account why Christian was so hardly beset in this place. Then said James to his mother, Lo, yonder stands a pillar, and it looks as if something was written thereon; let us go and see what it is. So they went, and found there written, 1"Let Christian's slips, before he came hither, and the P dbb sPILGRIM'S P ROGRESS. battles that he miet with in this place, be a warning to those that come after." Lo, saiL their guide, did not I tell you that there was something hereabouts that would give intimation of the reason why Christian was so hard beset in this place? Then turning himself to Christiana, he said, No disparagement to Christian more than to any others whose hap and lot it was. For it is easier going up than down this hill, and that can be said but of few hills in all these parts of the world. But we will leave the good man; he is at rest: he also had a brave victory over his enemy. Let Him grant, that dwelleth above, that we fare no worse when we come be tried, than he. / But we will come agaii to this Valley of Humiliation. It is the best and most fruitful piece of ground in all these parts. It is fait ground, and as you see, consisteth much in meadows; and if a man was to come here in the summer-time, as we do now, if he knew not any thing before thereof and if he also delighted himself in the sight of his eyes, he might see that which would be delightful to him. Behold how green this valley is; also how beautiful with lilies. Song 2: 1. I have known many laboring men that have got good estates in this Valley of Humiliation; for God resisteth the proud, but SHEPHERD'S BbY Sl1GING 359 giveth grace to the humble. James 4: 6; 1 Pet. 5: 5. Indeed it is a very fruitful soil, and do'Ubring forth by handfuls. Some also have wished that the next way to their Father's house were here, that they might be troubled no more with either hills or mountains to go over; but the way is the way, and there is an end. Now, as they were going along and talking, they espied a boy feeding his father's sheep. The boy was in very mean clothes, but of a fresh and well-favored countenance; and as he sat by himself he sung. Hark, said Mr. GreatHeart, to what the shepherd's boy saith. So they hearkened and he said. "He that is down, needs fear no fall; He that is low, no pride: He that is humble, ever shall Have God to be his guide. I am content with what I have, Little be it or much; And, Lord, contentment still I crave, Because thou savest such. Fullness to such a burden is, That go on pilgrimage; Here little, and hereafter bliss, Is best from age to age." Then said the guide, Do you bear him? I will dare to say this boy lives a merrier 860 PILGRIbMS PROGRESS. life) and wears more of that herb called teart'sease in his bosom, than he that is clad in silk and velvet. But we will proceed in our discourse. In this valley our Lord formerly had his country-house: he loved much to be here. ie loved also to walk these meadows, for he found the air was pleasant. Besides, here a man shall be free from the noise, and from the hurryings of this life: all states are full of noise and confusion; only the Valley of Humliation is that empty and solitary place. Here a man shall not be so let and hindered in hid contemplation as in other places he is apt to to be. This is a valley that nobody walks in but those that love a pilgrim's life. And though Christian had the hard hap to meet here with Apollyon, and to enter with him in a brisk encounter, yet I must tell you, that in former times men have met with angels here, Hos. 12: 4, 5, have found pearls here, Matt. 13: 46, and have in this place found the words of life. Prov. 8: 36. Did I say our Lord had here in former days his country-house, and that he loved here to walk? I will add-in this place, and to tlhe people that love and trace these grounds, he has left a yearly revenue, to be faithfully paid FOR GET FUI' L GREEN 36] them at certain seasonrs, for their maintenance by'the way, and for their filrther encourageinent to go on in their pilgrinmage. SAM. Now, as they went on, Samuel said to KM. Great-Heart, Sir, I perceive that in this valley mly father and Apollyon had their battle; but whereabout was the fight? for I perceive this valley is large. GREAT. Your father had the battle with Apollyon at a place yonder before us, in a narrow passage, just beyond Forgetful Green. And indeed that place is the most dangerous place in all these parts. For if at any time pilgrims meet with any brunt, it is when they forget what favors they have received, and how unworthy they are of them. This is the place (also where others have been hard put to it. But more of the place when we are come to it; for I persuade myself that to this day there remains either some sign of the battle, or some monument to testify that such a battle there was fought. MER. Then said Mercy, I think I am as well in this valley as I have been anywhere else in all our journey: the place, methinks, suits with my spirit. I love to be in such places, where there is no rattling with coaches, nor rumbling with wheels. Methinks, here one may, without much molestation, be thinking what he is, whence. 3'62 iPILG'IIIaIM' S P ROGRESS. lie came, what he has done, and to what the ~King has called him. Here one may thinkl, and break at heart, and melt in one's spirit, until one's eyes become as the fish-pools in Heshbon. Song 7: 4. They that go rightly through this valley of Baca, make it a well; the rain that God sends down from heaven upon them that are here, also filleth the pools. This valley is that from whence also the King will give to his their vineyards; and they that go through it shall sing, as Christian did, for all he met with Apollyon. Psa. 84: 5-7; IHos. 2: 15. GREAT.'Tis true, said their guide; I have gone through this valley many a time, and never was better than when here. I have also been a conductor to several pilgrims, and they have confessed the same. "To this man will I look," saith the King, "even to him that is poor, and of a contrite spirit, and trembleth at my word." Isa. 66: 2. Now they were come to the place where the aforementioned battle was fought. Then said the guide to Christiana, her children, and Mercy, This is the place; on this ground Christian stood, and up there came Apollyon against him. And, look, did I not tell you? here is some of your husband's blood upon these stones to this day. Behold, also, how here and there are yet to be 'fLE SHADOW OF DEATH. 363 seen upon the place, some of the shivers of Apollyon's broken darts. See, also, how they did beat the ground with their feet as they fought, to mlake good their places against each other; how also with their by-blows they did split the very stones in pieces. Verily, Christian did here play the man, and showed himself as stout as Hercules could, had he been here, even he himself. When Apollyon was beat, he made his retreat to the next valley, that is called the Valley of the Shadow of Death, unto which we shall come anon. Lo, yonder also stands a monument, on which is engraven this battle, and Christian's victory, to his fame throughout all ages. So because it stood just on the way-side before them, they stepped to it, and read the writing, which word for word was this: " Hard by here was a battle fought, Most strange, and yet most true; Christian and Apollyon sought Each other to subdue. The man so bravely play'd the man, He made the fiend to fly; Of which a monument I stand, The same to testify." When they had passed by this place, they came upon the borders of the Shadow of Death. This valley was longer than the other; a place also most strangely haunted with evil things, as 3t64 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. many are able to testify: but these women and children went the better through it, becanse they had daylight, and because Mr. Great-Heart wcas their conductor. When they were entering upon this valley, they thought they heard a groaning, as of dying men; a very great groaning. They thought also that they did hear words of lamentation, spoken as of some in extreme torment. These things made the boys to quake; the women alse looked pale and wan; but their guide bid them be of good comfort. So they went on a little further, and they thought that they felt the ground begin to shake under them, as if some hollow place was there: they heard also a kind of hissing, as of serpents, but nothing as yet appeared. Then said the boys, Are we not yet at the end of this doleful place? But the guide also bid them be of good courage, and look well to their feet; lest haply, said he, you be taken in some snare. Now James began to be sick; but I think the cause thereof was fear: so his mother gave him some of that glass of spirits that had been given her at the Interpreter's house, and three of the pills that -Mr. Skill had prepared, and the boy began to revive. Thus they went on till they came to about the middle of the val THE SHADOW OF DEATH. 35 key; and then Christiana said, Methinks I see something yonder upon the road before us, a thing of a shape such as I have not seen. Then said Joseph, Mother, what is it? An ugly thing, child; an ugly thing, said she. But, mother, what is it like? said he.'Tis like I cannot. tell what, said she; and now it is but a little way off. Then said she, It is nigh. Well, said Mr. Great-Heart, let them that are most aifraid keep close to me. So the fiend came on, and the conductor met it; but when it was come to him, it vanished -to all their sights. Then remembered they what had been said some time ago: "Resist the devil, and he will flee from you." James 4: 7. They went therefore on, as being a little refreshed. But they had not gone far, before Mercy, looking behind her,. saw, as she thought, something most like a lion, and it came at a great padding pace after: and it had a hollow voice of roaring; and at every roar it gave, it made the valley echo, and all their hearts to ache, save the heart of him that was their guide. So it came up and Mr. Great-Heart went behind, and put the pilgrims all before him. The lion also came on apace, and Mr. Geart-Heart addressed himself to give him battle. 1 Pet. 5: 8, 9. But when he saw that it was determined that P* 366 PIL GRIM'S PROGRESS. resistance should be made, he also drew back, and came no fiurther. Then they went on again, and their conductor went before them, till they came to a place where was cast up a pit the whole breadth of the way; and before they could be prepared to go over that, a great mist and a darkness fell upon them, so that they could not see. Then said the pilgrims, Alas! what now shall we do? But their guide made answer, Fear not; stand still, and see what an end will be put to this also: so they stayed there, because their path was marred. They then also thought that they did hear more apparently the' noise and rushing of the enemies; the fire also and the smoke of the pit were much easier to be discerned. Then said Christiana to Mercy, Now I see what my poor husband went through. I have heard much of this place, but I never was here before now. Poor man! he went here all alone in the night; he had night almost quite through the way: also these fiends were busy about him, as if they would have torn him in pieces. Many have spoken of it; but none can tell what the Valley of the Shadow of Death should mean until they come in themselves. The heart knoweth its own bitterness; and a stranger intermeddleth I11EY P I'tAAY IN TH'E VALLEY. aIt with its joy. Prov. 14: 10. To be here is a fearful thing. GREAT. This is like doing business in great waters, or like going down into the deep. This - like being in the heart of the sea, and like going down to the bottoms of the mountains. rNow it seems as if the earth, with its bars, were about us for ever. But let them that walk in darkness, and have no light, trust in the name of the Lord, and stay upon their God. Isa. 50: 10. For my part, as I have told you already, I have gone often through this valley, and have been much harder put to it than now I am: and yet you see I am alive. I would not boast, for that I.am not -my ownn saviour; but I trust we shall have a good deliverance. Come, let us pray for light to Him that can lighten our darkness, and that can rebuke not only these, but all the Satans in hell. So they cried and prayed, and God sent light and deliverance, for there was now no let in their way; no, not there where but now they were stopped with a pit. Yet they were not got through the valley. So they went on still, and met with great stinks and loathsome smells, to the great annoyance of them. Then said Mercy to Christiana, It is pot so pleasant P3I8 PIL GRIMI'S PR OG PESS. being here as at the gate, or at the Interpreter's, or at the house where we lay last. O but, said one of the boys, it is not so bad to go through here, as it is to abide here, always; and for aught I know, one reason why we must go this way to the house prepared for us is, that our home might be the sweeter to us. Well said, Samuel, quoth the guide; thou hast now spoke like a man. Why, if ever I get out here again, said the boy, I think I shall prize light and good way better than I ever did in all my life. Then said the guide, We shat'll be out by and by. So on they went, and Joseph said, Cannot we see to the end of this valley as yet? Then said the guide, Look to your feet, for we shall presently be among the snares: so they looked to their feet, and went on; but they were troubled much with the snares. Now, when they were come among the snares, they espied a man cast into the ditch on the left hand, with his flesh all rent and torn. Then said the guide, That is one Heedless, that was going this way: he has lain there a great while. There was one Take-Heed with him -when he was taken and slain, but he escaped their hands. You cannot imragine how many are killed hereabouts, and yet men are so BATTLE WITH GIANT MAUL. 369 foolishly venturous as to set out lightly on pilgrimage, and to come without a guide. Poor Christian i It was a wonder that he here escaped; but he was -beloved of his God: also he had a good heart of his own, or else he could never have done it. Now they drew towards the end of this way; and just there where Christian had seen the cave when he went by, out thence came forth Maul, a giant. This Maul did use to spoil young pilgrims with sophistry; and he called Great-Heart by his name, and said unto him, How many times have you been forbidden to do these things? Then said Mr. Great-Heart, What things? What things! quoth the giant; you know what things: but I will put an end to your trade. But pray, said Mr. Great-HIeart, before we fall to it, let us understand wherefore we must fight. Now the women and children stood trembling, and knew not what to do. Quoth the giant, You rob the country, and rob it with the worst of thefts. These are but generals, said Mr. Great-Heart; come to particulars, man. Then said the giant, Thou practisest the craft of a kidnapper; thou gatherest up women and children, and carriest themr into a strange country. to the weakening of my master's kirgdom. Q 25 O30 PiLGRIEM S PROGRESS. But now Great-Heart replied, I am a servant of the God of heaven; my business is to persuade sinners to repentance. I am commanded to do my endeavors to turn men, women, and children, from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan unto God; and if this be indeed the ground of thy quarrel, let us fall to it as soon as thou wilt. Then the giant came up, and Mr. Gre- D-Heart went to meet him; and as he went he drew his sword, but the giant had a club. So without more ado thev fell to it, and at the first blow the giant struck Mr. Great-Heart down upon one of his knees. With that the women and children cried out. So Mr. Great-Heart recovering himself, laid about him in full lusty manner, and gave the giant a wound in his arm. Thus he fought for the space of an hour, to that height of heat that the breath came out of the giant's nostrils as the heat doth out of a boin'ng calIron. Then they sat down to rest them; but Mr. Great-Heart betook himself to prayer. Also the women and children did nothing but sigh and cry all the timLe that the battle did last. When they had rested them, and taken breath, they both fell to it again; and Mr. GreatHeart, with a blow, fetched the giant down to THE GIANT SLAIN. 371 the ground. Nay, hold, let me recover, quoth he: so Mr.- Great-Heart fairly let him get up. So to it they went again, and the giant missed but little of all to breaking Mr. Great-Heart's scull with his club. * Mr. Great-Heart seeing that, runs to him in the full heat of his spirit, and pierceth him under the fifth rib. With that the giant began to faint, and could hold up his club no longer. Then Mr. Great-Heart seconded his blow, and smit the head of the giant from his shoulders. Then the women and children rejoiced, and Mr. Great-HIeart also praised God for the deliverance he had wrought. When this wias done, they amongst them erected a pillar, and fastened the giant's head therei n, and wrote under in letters that passeugers might read, "He that did wear this head was one That pilgrims did misuse; Hoe stopped their way, he spared noue, But did them all abuse; Until that I Great-Heart arose, The pilgrims guide to be; Until that I did him oppoae That was their enemy." 372 PILGRIM'S PROGRESO. TH-I SIXTH STAGE. Now I saw that they went on to the ascent that was a little way off; cast up to be a prospect for pilgrims. That was the place from whence Christian had the first sight of Faithful his brother. Wherefore, here they sat down and rested. They also here did eat and drink, anl make merry, for that they had gotten deliverance from this so dangerous an enemy. As they sat thus and did eat, Christiana asked the guide if he had caught no hurt in the battle. Then said Mr. Great-Heart, No, save a little on my flesh; yet that also shall be so far from being to my detriment, that it is at present a proof of my love to my master and you, and shall be a means by grace, to increase my reward at last. CHR. But were you not afraid, good sir, when you saw him come with his club? GREAT. It is my duty, said he, to mistrust my own ability, that I may have reliance on Hlim who is stronger than all. CHRn. But what did you think when he fetched you down to the ground at the first blow? GREAT. Why, I thought, quoth he, that so my Master himself was served, and yet he it was that conquered at last. 2 Cor. 4: 10, 11; Roin. 8: 37 PILGRIMS MEET OLD HONEST. 373 MATT. When you all have thought what; you please, I think God lhas been wonderfully good unto us, both in bringing us out of this valley, and in delivering us out of the hand of this enemy. For my part, I see no reason why we should distrust our God any more, since he has now, and in such a place as this, given us such testimony of his love. Then they got up, and went forward. Now a little before them stood an oak; and under it, when they came to it, they found an old pilgriln fast asleep. They knew that he was a pilgrim by his clothes, and his italf, and his girdle. So the guide, Mr. Great-Heart, awaked him; and the old gentleman, as he lifted up his eyes, cried out, What's the matter? Who are you; and what is your business here? GREAT. Come, nman, be not so hot; here are none but friends. Yet the old man gets up, and stands upon his guard, and will know of them what they are. Then said the guide, My name is Great-Heart: I am the guide of these pilgrims that are going to the Celestial country. HON. Then said Mr. Honest, I cry you mercy: I feared that you had been of the company of those that some timue ago did rob LittleFaith of his money; but, now I look better about me, I perceive you are honester people. arm YTZPILGRIM'S PROGRESS. GREAT. Why, what would or could you have (:one to have helped yourself if indeed we had been of that company? HON. Done! Why, I would have fought as long as breath had been in mne: and had I so done, I am sure you could never have given me the worst on't; for a Christian can never be overcome, unless he shall yield of himself. GREAT. Well said, father Honest, quoth the guide; for by this I know thou- art a cock of the right kind, for thou hast said the truth. I-ION. And by this also I know that thou knowest what true pilgrimage is; for all others do think that we are the soonest overcome of any. GREAT. Well, now we are so happily met, pray let me crave your name, and the name of the place you came from. HON. My name I cannot tell you, but I came from the town of Stupidity: it lieth about four degrees beyond the city of Destruction. GREAT. Oh, are you that countryman? Then I deem I have half a guess of you: your name is Old Honesty, is it not? HON. So the old gentleman? blushed, and said, Not honesty in the abstract, but Honest is my name; and I wish that my nature may agree to what I am called. But, sir, said the DISCOURSE WITH OLD HONEST. 375 old gentleman, how could you guess that I am such a man, since I came from such a place? GREAT. I had heard of you before, by my Master; for he knows all things that are done on the earth. But I have often wondered that any should come from your place; for your town is worse than is the city of Destruction itself. HON. Yes, we lie more off from the sun, and so are more cold and senseless. But were a man in a mountain of ice, yet if the Sun of righteousness will arise upon him, his frozen heart shall feel a thaw; and thus it has been with me. GREAT. I believe it, father Honest, I believe it; for I know the thing is true. Then the old gentleman saluted all the pilgrims with a holy kiss of charity, and asked them their names, and how they had fared since they set out on their pilgrimage. CHR. Then said Christiana, My name I suppose you have heard of; good Christian was my husband, and these four are his children. But can you think how the old gentleman was taken, when she told him who she was? HIe skipped, he smiled, he blessed them with a thousand good wishes, saying, HON. I have heard much of your husband, and of his travels and wars which he underwent in his days. Be it spoken to your comfort, the 373 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. name of your husband rings all over these paits of the world: his faitb, his courage, his enduring, and his sincerity under all, have made his name finnous. Then he turned him to the boys, and asked them of their names, which they told him. Then said he unto them, Matthew, be thou like Matthew the publican, not in vice, but in virtue.;Matt. 10: 3. Samuel, said he, be thou like Samuel the prophet, a man of faith and prayer. Psa. 99: 6. Joseph, said he, be thou like Joseph in Potiphar's house, chaste, and one that flees from temptation. Gen. 39. And James, be thou like James the just, and like James the brother of our Lord. Acts 1: 13. Then they told him of Mercy, and how she had left her town and her kindred to come along with Christianta and with her sons. At that the old honest man said, Mercy is thy ilame: by mercy shalt thou be sustained and carried through all those difficulties that shall assault thee in thy way, till thou shalt come thither where thou shalt look the Fountain of mercy in the face with comfort. All this while the guide, Mr. Great-Heart, was very well pleased, and smiled upon his companions. Now, as they walked along together, the guide asked the old gentleman if he did not know one Mr. Fearing, that came on pilgrimage out of his parts. TALK ABOUT MR. FEARING. 377 HON. Yes, very well, said he. He was a man that had the root of the matter in him; but he was one of the most troublesome pilgrims that ever I met with in all my days. GREAT. I perceive you knew him, for you have given a very right character of him. HoN. Knew him! I was a great companion of his; I was with him most an end; when he first began to think upon what would come upon us hereafter, I was wiith him. GREAT. I was his guide from my Master's house to the gates of the Celestial City. HON. Then you knew him to be a troublesome one. GREAT. I did so; but I could very well bear it; for men of my calling are oftentimes intrusted with the conduct of such as he was. iHON. Well then, pray let us hear a little of him, and how he managed himself under your conduct. GREAT. Why, he was always afraid that he should come. short of whither he had a desire to go. Every thing frightened him that he heard any body speak of, if it had but the least appearance of opposition in it. I heard that he lay roaring at the Slough of Despond for above a month together; nor durst he, for all he saw several go over before him, venture, though they Q-i PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. many of them offered to lend him their hands, IHe would not go back again, neither. The Ce. lestial City —he said he should die if he came not to it; and yet he was dejected at every difficulty, and stumbled at every straw that any body cast in his way. Well, after he had lain at the Slough of Despond a great while, as I have told you, one sunshiny morning, I don't know how, he ventured, and so got over; but when lie was over, he would scarce believe it. lie had, I think, a Slough of Despond in his mind, a slough that he carried everywhere with him, or else he could never have been as he was. So he came up to the gate, you know what I mean, that stands at the head of this way, and there also he stood a good while before he would venture to knock. When the gate was opened, he would give back, and give place to others, and say that he was not worthy. For, for all he got before some to the gate, yet many of them went in before him. There the poor man would stand shaking and shrinking; I dare say it would have pitied one's heart to have seen him. Nor would he go back again. At last he took the hammer that hanged on the gate, in his hand, and gave a small rap or two; then one opened to him, but he shrunk back as before. He that opened stepped out after him, and said, Thou TALK ABOUT MR. FEARTiNG. 379 trembling one, what wantest thou? With that he fell down to the ground. He that spoke to him wondered to see him so faint, so he said to him, Peace be to thee; up, for I have set open the door to thee; cnme in, for thou art blessed. With that he got up, and went in trembling; and when he was in, he was ashamed to show his face. Well, after he had been entertained there a while, as you know how the manner is, he was bid go on his way, and also told the way he should take. So he went on till he came out to our house; but as he behaved himself at the gate, so he did at my Master the Interpreter's door. He lay there about in the cold a good while, before he would adventure to call; yet he would not go back: and the nights were long and cold then. Nay, he had a note of necessity in his bosom to my master to receive him, and grant him the comfort of his house, and also to allow him a stout and valiant conductor, because he was himself so chickenhearted a man; and yet for all that he was afraid tc call at the door. So he lay up and down thereabouts, till, poor man, he was almost starved; yea, so great was his dejection, that though he saw several others for knocking get in, yet he was afraid to venture. At last, I think I looked out of the window, and perceiving a man to be up and down about the door, I went 380 ITLGGiM'S P XiPRO GR ESS. out to him, and asked what he was. but, poor man, the water stood in his eyes; so I perceived what he wanted. I went therefore in, and told it in the house, and we showed the thing to our Lord: so he sent me out again, to entreat him to come in; but I dare say, I had hard work to do it. At last he came in; and I will say that for my Lord, he carried it wonderfully lovingly to him. There were but a few good bits at the table, but some of it was laid upon his trencher. Then he presented the note; and my Lord looked thereon, and said his desire should be granted. So when he had been there a good while, he seemed to get some heart, and to be a little more comfortable. For my Master, you must know, is one of very tender bowels, especially to them that are afrtaid; wherefore he carried it so towards him as might tend most to his encouragement. Well, when he had had a sight of the things of the place, and was ready to take his journey to go to the city, my Lord, as he did to Christian before, gave him a bottle of spirits, and some comfortable things to eat. Thus we set forward, and I went before him; but the man was but of few words, only he would sigh aloud. When we were come to where the three fellows were hanged, he said that he doubted 'I ALK ABOUT MR. FEARING. 351 that that would be his end also. Ornly he seemed glad when he saw the cross and the sepulchre. There I confess he desired to stay a little to look; and he seemed for a while after to be a little cheery. When he came to the Hill Difficulty, he made no stick at that, nor did he much fear the lions: for you must know, that his troubles were not about such things as these; his fear was about his acceptance at last. I got him inl at the house Beautiful, I think, before he was willing. Also, when he was in, I brought him acquainted with the damsels of the place; but he was ashamed to make himself much inl company. Hie desired much to be alone; yet he always loved good talk, and often would get behind the screen to hear it. He also lojved much to see ancient things, and to be pondering them in his mind. He told me afterwards, that. he loved to be in those two houses from which he came last, to wit, at the gate, and'that of the Interpreter, but that he durst not be so bold as to ask. When we went also from the house Beautiful, down the hill, into the Valley of Humiliation, he went down as well as ever I saw a man in my life; for he cared not how mean he was, so he might be happy at last. Yea, I think there was a kind of sympathy betwixt that valley and him; Q 6;82 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. fir I never saw him better in all his pilgrimage than he was in that valley. iHere he would lie down, embrace the ground, and kiss the very flowers that grew in this valley. Lam. 3: 27-29. He would now be up every morning by break of day, tracing and walking to and fro in the valley. But when he was come to the entrance of the Valley of the Shadow of Death, I thought I should have lost my man: not for that he had any inclination to go back; that he always abhorred; but he was ready to die for fear. Oh, the hobgoblins will have me! the hobgoblins will have me! cried hee; and I could not beat him out of it. He made such a noise, and such an outcry here, that had they but heard him, it was enough to encourage them to come and fall upon us. But this I took very great notice of, that this valley was as quiet when we went through it, as ever I knew it before or since. I suppose those enemies here had now a special check from our Lord, and a command not to meddle until Mr. Fearing had passed over it. It would be too tedious to tell you of all: we will therefore only mention a passage or two more. When he was come to Vanity Fair, I thought he would have fought with all the men in the fair. I feared there we should have been TALK ABOUT MR. FEARING. 383 both knocked on the head, so hot was he against their fooleries. Upon the Enchanted Ground he was very wakeful. But when he was come at the river where was no bridge, there again he was in a heavy case. Now, now, he said, he should be drowned forever, and so never see that face with comfort that he had come so many miles to behold. And here also I took notice of what was very remarkable: the water of that river was lower at this time than ever I saw it in all my life; so he went over at last, not much above wetshod. When he was going up to the gate, I began to take leave of him, and to wish him a good reception above. So he said, I shall, I shall. Then parted we asunder, and I saw him no more. HON. Then it seems he was well at last? GREAT. Yes, yes, I never had doubt about him. He was a man of a choice spirit, only he was always kept very low, and that made his life so burdensome to himself, and so troublesome to others. Psa. 88. He was, above many, tender of sin: he was so afraid of doing injuries to others, that he often would deny himself of that which was lawful, because he would not offend. Rom. 14: 21; 1 Cor. 8: 13. 881 PiLQIGRIMIS PROOGRESS. HoN. But what should be the reason that such a good man should be all his days so much in the dark? GREAT. There are two sorts of reasons for it. One is, the wise God will have it so: some must pipe, and some must weep. Matt. 11: 16. Now Mr. Fearing was one that played upon the bass. He and his fellows sound the sackbut, whose notes are more doleful than the notes of other music are: though indeed, some say, the bass is the ground of music. And for my part, I care not at all for that profession which begins not in heaviness of mind. The first string that the musician usually touches is the bass, when he intends to put all in tune. God also plays upon this string first, -when he sets the soul in tune for himself. Only there was the imperfection of Mr. Fearing; he could play upon no other music but this till towards his latter end. [I make bold to talk thus metaphorically for the ripening of the wits of young readers, and because, in the book of Revelation, the saved are compared to a company of musicians, that play upon their trumpets and harps, and sing, their songs before the throne. Rev. 5: 8; 14: 2, 3.] HON. He was a very zealous man, as one may see by the relation which you have given TALK ABOUT MR. FEARING, 385 of him. Difficulties, lions, or Vanity Fair, he feared not at all; it was only sin, death, and hell, that were to him a terror, because he had some doubts about his interest in that celestial country. GREAT. You say right; those were the things that were his troublers; and they, as you have well observed, arose from the weakness of his mind thereabout, not from wea-kness of spirit as to the practical part of a pilgrim's life. I dare believe that, as the proverb is, he could have bit a firebrand, had it stood in his way; but the things with which he was oppressed, no man ever yet could shake off with ease. CHR. Then said Christiana, This relation of Mr. Fearing has done me good; I thought nobody had been like me. But I see there was some semblance betwixt this good man and me: only we differed in two things. His troubles were so great that they broke out; but mine I kept within. his also lay so hard upon him. they made him that he could not knock at the houses provided for entertainment; but my trouble was always such as made me knock the louder. MER. If I might also speak my heart, I must say that something of him has also dwelt in me For I have ever been more aftaid of 3S8 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. the lake, and the loss of a place in paradise, than I have been of the loss other things. 0, thought I, may I have the happiness to have a habitation there!'Tis enough, though I part with all the world to win it. MATT. Then said Matthew, Fear was one thing that made me think that I was: far from having that within me which accompanies salvation. But if it was so with such a good man as he, why may it not also go well with me? JAMES. No fears no grace, said James. Though there is not always grace where there is the fear of hell, yet, to be sure, there is no grace where there is no fear of God. GREAT. Well said, James; thou hast hit the mark. For the fear of God is the beginning of wisdom; and to be sure, they that want the beginning have neither middle nor end. But we will here conclude our discourse of Mr. Fearing, after we have sent after him this farewell. "Well, Master Fearing, thou didst fear Thy God, and wast afraid Of doing any thing, while here, That would have thee betrayed. And didst thou fear the lake and pit Would others do so too I For, as for them that want thy wit, They do themselves undO." TALK ABOUT SELF-WILL. 387 Now I saw that they still went on in their talk. For after Mr. Great-Heart had made an end with Mr. Fearing, Mr. Honest began to tell them of another, but his name was Mr. Self-will. He pretended himself to be a pilgrim, said Mr. Honest; but I persuade myself he never came in at the gate that stands at the head of the way. GREAT. Had you ever any talk with him. about it? HION. Yes, more than once or twice; but he would always be like himself, self-willed. He neither cared for man, nor argument,- nor yet example; what his mind prompted him to, that he would do, and nothing else could he be got to do. GREAT. Pray, what principles did he hold'? for I suppose you can tell. -IoN. lie held that a man might follow the vices as well as the virtues of pilgrims; and that if he did both, he should be certainly saved. GREAT. How? If he had said, it is possible for the best to be guilty of the vices, as well as to partake of the virtues of pilgrims, he could not much have been blamed; for indeed we are exempted from no vice absolutely, but on condition that we watch and strive. But this, I perceive, is not the thing; but if I understand you right, your meaning is, that he was of opinion that it was allowable so to be. 388 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. lION. Aye, aye, so I mean, and so he believed and practised. GREAT. But what grounds had he for his so saying? HON. Why, he said he had the Scripture for his warrant. GREAT. Prithee, Mr. Honest, present us with a few particulars. HoN. So I will. lie said, to have to do with other men's wives had been practised by David, God's beloved; and therefore he could do it.'He said, to have more women than one -was a thing that Solomon practised, and therefore he could do it. He said, that Sarah and the godly midwives of Egypt lied, and so did saved Rahab, and therefore he could do it. He said, that the disciples went at the bidding of their Master, and took away the owner's ass, and therefore he could do so too. He said, that Jacob got the inheritance of his father in a way of guile and dissimulation, and therefore he could do so too. GREAT. High base indeed! And are you sure he was of this opinion? HoN. I heard him plead for it, bring Scrip. ture for it, bring arguments for it, etc. GREAT. An opinion that is not fit to be with any allowance in the world! TALK ABOUT SELF-WILL. 389 H-ON. You must understand me rightly: he did not say that any man might do this; but that they who had the virtues of those that did such things might also do the same. GREAT. But what imore false tLan su ch a conclusion? For this is as much as to say, that because good nmen heretofore have sinned of infirmity, therefore he had allowance to do it of a presumptuous mind; or that if, because a child, by the blast of the wind, or for that it stumbled at a stone, fell down and defiled itself in the mire, therefore he might wilfully lie down and wallow like a boar therein. Who could have thought that any one could so far have been blinded by the power of lust? But what is written must be true: they "stumble at the word, being disobedient; whereunto also they were appointed." 1 Peter, 2.: 8. His supposing that such mav have the godly men's virtues, who addict themselves to their vices, is also a delusion as strong as the other. To eat up the sin of God's people, Hos. 4: 8, as a dog licks up filth, is no sign that one is possessed with their virtues. Nor can I believe that one who is of this opinion, can at present have faith or love iD him. But I know you have made strong objections aga.inst him; prithee what can he say for himself? fJ90 PILGRIM'S PRO GR'ESS. HoN. Why, he says, to do this by way of opinion, seems abundantly more honest then to do it, and yet hold contrary to it in opinion. GREAT. A very wicked answer. For though to let loose the bridle to lusts, while our opinions are against such things, is bad; yet, to sin, and plead a toleration so to do, is worse: the one stumbles beholders accidentally, the other leads them into the snare. HON. There are many of this man's mind, that have not this man's mouth; and that makes going on pilgrimage of so little esteem as it is. GREAT. You have said the truth, and it is to be lamented: but he that feareth the King of paradise shall coule out of them all. CuR. There are strange opinions in the world. I know one that said, it was time enough to repent when we come to die. GREAT. Such are not overwise; that maia would have been loth, might he have Lad a -weekz. to run twenty miles in his life, to defer his joarney to the last hour of that week. HON. You say right;'nd;ld.,t the generality of them who count themselves pilgTims, do indeed do thus. I am, as you see, an old man? and have been a traveler in this road many a dav; antld I have taken notice of many things. TAL,' 01O SO0IME PROFESSORS. 391 I have seen some that have set out as if they would drive all the world before them, who yet have, in a few days, died as they in the wilderness, and so never got sight of the promised land. I have seen some that have promised nothing at first setting out to be pilgrims, and who one would have thought could not have lived a day, that have yet proved very good pilgrims. I have seen some who have run hastily'forward, that again have, after a little time, run just as fast back again. I have seen some who have spoken very well of a pilgrim's life at first, that after a while have spoken as much against it. I have heard some, when they first set out for paradise, say positively, there is such a place, who, when they have been almost there, have come back again, and said there is none. I have have heard some vaunt what they would do in case they should be opposed, that have, even at a false alarm, fled faith, the pilgrim's way, and all. Now, as they were thus on their way, there came one running to meet them, and said, Gentlemen, and you of the weaker sort, if you love life: shift for yourselves, for the robbers are before you. GREAT. Then said Mr. GreatHleart, They be the three that set upon Littie-Faith heretofore. Well, said he, we are ready for them: so they went on their wav. Now they looked at every 392 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. taming when they should have met with the villains; but whether they heard of Mr. Greatheart, or whether they had some other game, they came not up to the pilgrims. Christiana then wished for an inn to refiresh herself and her children, because they were wveary. Then said Mr. Honest, There is one a little before us, where a very honorable disciple, one Gaius, dwells. Rom. 16: 23. So they all concluded to turn in thither; and the rather, because the old gentleman gave him so good a report. When they came to the door they went in, not knocking, for folks use not to knock at the door of an inn. Then they called for the master of the house, and he came to them. So they asked if they might lie there that night. GAIUS. Yes, gentlemen, if you be true men, for my house is for none but pilgrims. Then were Christiana, Mercy, and the boys the more glad, for that the innkeeper was a lover of pilgrims. So they called for rooms, and he showed them one for Christiana and her children and Mercy, and another for Mr. Great-Heart and the old gentleman. GREAT. Then said Mr. Great-Heart, Good Gaius, what hast thou for supper? for these pilgrims have come far to-day, and are wea ry AT GAIUS' HOUSE. 3L3 GAlus. It is late, said Gaius, so we cannot conveniently go out to seek food; but such as we have you shall be welcome to, if that will content. GREAT. We will be content with what thou hast in the house; for as mnuch as I have proved thee, thou art never destitute of that which is convenient. Thdn he went down and spake to the cook, whose name was Taste-that-which-is-good, to get ready supper for so many pilgrims. This done, he comes up again, saying, Come, mlly good friends, you are welcome to me, and I am glad that I have a house to entertain you in; and while supper is making ready, if you please, let us entertain one another with sgme good discourse: so they all said, Content. GAIUS. Then said GaiUs, Whose wife is this aged matron? and whose daughter is this young dansel? GREAT. This woman is the wife of one Christian, a pilgrim of former times; and these are his four children. The maid is one of her acquaintance, one that she hath persuaded to come with her on pilgrimage. The boys tale all after their father, and covet to tread in his steps; yea, if they do but see any place where the old pilgrim hath lain, or any print of his foot, it 394 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. ministereth joy to their hearts, and they covet to lie or tread in the same. GAIUS. Then said Gaius, Is this Christian's wife, and are these Christian's children? I knew your husband's father, yea, also his father's father. MIany have been good of this stock; their ancestors dwelt first at Antioch. Acts 11: 26. Christian's progenitors (I suppose you have heard your husband talk of them) were very'worthy men. They have, above any that I know, showed themselves men of great virtue and courage for the Lord of the pilgrims, his ways, and them that loved him. I htave heard of many of your husband's relations that have stood all trials for the sake of the truth. Stephen, that was one of the first of the family from whence your husband sprang, was knocked on the head with stones. Acts 7-: 59, 60. James, another of this generation, was slain with the edge of the sword. Acts 12: 2. To say nothing of Paul and Peter, men anciently of the family from whence your husband came, there was Ignatius, who was cast to the lions; Romanus, whose flesh was cut by pieces from his bones; and Polycarp, that played the man in the fire. There was he that was hanged up in a basket in the sun for the wasps to eat; and he whom they put into a sack, and cast into tbe sea to be drowned. It would be impossible AbVICE TO CIRISTIANA. 395 utterly to count up all of that family Who have suffered injuries and death for the love of a pilgrim's life. Nor can I but be glad to see that thy husband has left behind him four such boys as these. I hope they will bear up their father's name, and tread in their father's steps, and come to their father's end. GREAT. Indeed, sir, they are likely lads: they seem to choose heartily their father's ways. GAIUS. That is it that I said. Wherefore Christian's family is like still to spread abroad Upon the face of the ground, and yet to be numerous upon the face of the earth; let Christiana look out some damsels for her sons, to whom they may be betrothedl etc., that the name of their father, and the house of his progenitors, may never be forgotten in the world. Ho-N.'Tis pity his family should fall and be extinct. GAius. Fall it cannot, but be diminished it may; but let Christiana take my advice, and that is the way to uphold it. And, Christiana, said this innkeeper, I am jial to see thee and thy friend Mercy together here, a lovely couple. And if I may advise, take Mercy into a nearer relation to thee: if she will, let her be given to Matthew thy eldest son. It is the way to preserve a posterity in the earth. So this match V tLG' RIM'S PROGRESS. was concluded, and in process of time they were married: but more of that hereafter. Gaius also proceeded, and said, I will now speak on the behalf of women, to take away their reproach. For as death and the curse came into the world by a woman, Gen. 3, so.also did life and health: God sent forth his Son, made of a woman. Gal. 4: 4. Yea, to show how much they that came after did abhor the act of the mother, this sex in the Old Testament coveted children, if happily this or that woman migiht be the mother of the Saviour of the world. I will say again, that when the Saviour was come, women rejoiced in him, before either man or angel. Luke 1: 42-46. I read not that ever any man did give unto Christ so much as one groat; but the women followed him, and ministered to him of their substance. Luke 8: 2, 3.'T was a woman that washed his feet with tears, Luke 7: 37-50, and a woman that anointed his body at the burial. John 11: 2; 12: 3. They were women who wept when he was going to the cross, Luke 23: 27, and women that followed him from the cross, Matt. 27: 55, 56; Luke 23: 55, and sat over against his sepulchre when he was buried. Matt. 27: 61. They were women that were first with him at his resurrection-morn, Luke 24: 1, and women that brought tidings THE: 3ITP'PER. 397 first to his disciples that he was risen from the dead. Luke 24: 22, 23. Women therefore are highly favored, and show by these things that they are sharers with us in the grace of life. Now the cook sent up to signify that supper was almost ready, and sent one to lay the cloth, and the trenchers, and to set the salt and bread in order. Then said Matthew, The sight of thls clotk, and of this forerunner of the supper, begetteth in me a, greater appetite for my food than I had before. GAIuS. So let all ministering doctrines to thee in this life beget in thee a greater desire to sit at the supper of the great King in his kingdom; for all preaching, books, and ordinances here, are but as the laying of the trenchers, and the setting of salt upon tAhe board, when compared with the feast which our Lord will make for us when we come to his house. So supper came up. And first a heave-shoulder and a wave-breast were set *on the table before them; to show that they must begin their meal with prayer and praise to God. The heaveshoulder David lifted up his heart to God with; and with the wave-breast, where his heart lay, he used to lean upon his harp when he played. Lev. 7: 32-34; 10: 1], 15; Psalnm 25: 1; 398 PILGRIM'S PROGRESs. ITeb. 13: 15. These two dishes were very firesh and good, and they all ate heartily thereof. The next they brought up was a bottle of wine, as red as blood. DeLt. 32: 14; Judges 9: 13; John 15: 5. So Gaius said to thenl, Drink freely; this is the true juice of the vine, that makes glad the heart of God and man. So they drank and were merry. The next was a dish of milk well crumbed; Gaius said, Let the boys have that, that they may grow thereby. 1 Pet. 2: 1, 2. Then they brought up in course a dish of butter and honey. 1.Then said Gaius, Eat freely of this, for this is good to cheer up and strengthen your judgments and understandings. This was our Lord's dish when he was a child: "Butter and honey shall he eat, that he may know to refuse the evil, and choose the good." Isa. 7: 15. Then they brought them up a dish of apples, and they were very good-tasted fruit. Then said Matthew, May we eat apples, since it was such by and with which the serpent beguiled our firs+ mother? Then said Gaius, "Apples were they with which we were beguil'd, Yet sin, not apples, hath our souls defil'd: Apples forbid, if ate, corrupt the blood; To eat such, Tresa comnmanded, does xLs good: PLEASANT DISCO URSE. 399 Drink of his flagons thlen, thou church, his love. And eat his apples, ivho art sick of love." Then said Matthew, I made the scruple, because I a while since was sick with the eating of fruit. GAIUS. Forbidden fruit will make you sick; bout not what our Lord has tolerated: While they were thus talking, they were presented with another dish, and it was a dish of nuts. Song 6: 11. Then said some at the table, Nuts spoil tender teeth, especially the teeth of children: which when Gaius heard, he said, "Hard texts are nuts, (I will not call them cheaters,) Whose shells do keep the kernel from the eaters: Open the shells, and you shall have the meat; They here are brought for you to crack and eat." Then were they very merry, and s.at at the table a long time, talking of many things. Then said the old gentleman, My good landlord, while we are cracking your nuts, if you please, do you open this riddle: "A man there was, though some did count him mad, The more he cast away, the more he had." Then they all gave good heed, wondering what good Gaius would say; so he sat still a while, and then thus replied: "' He who bestows his goods upon the poor, Shall have as much again, and ten times moma" a00 PILGRI'M'S PROGRESS. Then said Joseph, I dare say, sir, I did not think you could have founnd it out. Oh, said Gaius, I have been trained up in this way a great while: nothing teaches like experience. I have learned of my Lord to be kind, and have found by experience that I have gained thereby. There is that scattereth, and yet increaseth; and there is that withholdeth more than is meet, but it tendeth to poverty. There is that maketh himself rich, yet hath nothing: there is that maketh himself poor, yet hath great riches. Prov. ll: 24; 13: 7. Then Samuel whispered to Christiana, his mother, and said, Mother, this is a very good man's house: let us stay here a good while, and let my brother Matthew be married here to Mercy, before we go any.further. The which Gaius the host overhearing, said, With a very good will, my child. So they stayed there more than a month, and Mercy was given to Matthew to wife. While they stayed here, Mercy, as her custom was. -would be making coats and garments to give to the poor, by. which she brought a very good report upon the pilgrims. But to return again to our story. After sup. per the lads desired'a bed, for they were weary with travelling. Then Gaius called to'show them GREAT- /HEART'S RIDDLE. 401 their chamber; but said Mercy, I will have them to bed. So she had them to bed, and they slept well: but the rest sat up all night; for Gaius and they were such suitable company, that they could not tell how to part. After much talk of their Lord, themselves, and their journey, old Ar. Honest, he that put forth the riddle to Gaius, began to nod. Then said Great-Heart, What, sir, you begin to be drowsy; come, rub up now, here is a riddle for you. Then said Mr. Honest, Let us hear it. Then replied Mr. Great-Heart; "He that would kill, must first be overcome: Who live abroad would, first must die at home." Ha, said Mr. Honest, it is a hard one; hard to expound and harder to practise. But come, landlord, said he, I will, if you please, leave my part to you: do you expound it, and I will hear what you say. No, said Gaius, it was put to you, and it is expected you should answer it. Then said the old gentleman, "He first by grace must conquered be, That sin would mortify; Who that he lives would convince me, Unto himself must die." It is right, said Gaius; good doctrine and experience teach this. For, first,. until grace 4T02 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS displays itself, and overcomes tlhe soul with its glory, it is altogether without heart to oppose sin. Besides, if sin is Satan's cords, by which the soul lies bound, how should it make resistance before it is loosed from that infirmity? Secondly, Nor will any one that knows either reason or grace, believe that such a man can be a living monument of grace that is a slave to his own corruptions. And now it comes into my mind, I will tell you a story worth the hearing. There were two men that went on pilgrimage; the one began when he was young, the other when he was old. The young man had strong corruptions to grapple with; the old man's were weak with the decays of nature. The young man trod his steps as even as did the old one, and was every way as light as he. Who now, or which of them, had their graces shining clearest, since both seemed to be alike? lioN. The young man's, doubtless. For that which makes head against the greatest opposition, gives best demonstration that it is strongest; especially when it also holdeth pace with that which meets not with half so much, as to be sure old age does not. Besides, I have observed that old men have blessed themselves with this mistake; namely, taking the decays of nature for a gracious conquest over corruptions, and so have HIONEST'S QU ESTIC N. 4)3 oeen apt to beguile themselves. Indeed, old men that;are gracious are best able to give advice to them that are young, because they have seen most of the emptiness of things: but yet, for an old and a young man to set out both together, the young one has the advantage of the fairest discovery of a worfk of grace within him, though the old man's corruptions are naturally the weakest, Thus they sat talking till break of day. Now, when the family were up, Christiana bid her son James that he should read a chapter; so he read the 53d of Isaiah. When he had done, Mr. Honest asked why it was said that the Saviour was to come " out of a dry ground;" and also, that "he had no form nor comeliness in him." GREAT. Then said Mr. Great-Heart, To the first I answer, because the church of the Jews, of which Christ came, had then lost almost all the sap and spirit of religion. To the second I say, the words are spoken in the person of unbelievers, -who, because they want the eye that can see into our Prince's heart, therefore they judge of him by the meanness of his outside; just like those who, not knowing thlat precious stones are covered over with a homely crust, when they have found one, because they know not what they have found, cast it away again. as men do a common stone. 404t PILGRIM'8 PROGRESS. Well, said Gaius, now you are here, ancd since, as I know, Mr. Great-Heart is good at his weapons, if you please, after we have refreshed ourselves, we will walk into the fields, to see if we can do any good. About a mile from hence there is one Slay-good, a giant, that dothl much annoy the King's highway in these parts; and I know whereabout his haunt is. I-e is master of a number of thieves:'t would be. well if iTwe could clear these parts of him. So they - consented and went: Mr. Great-Heart with his sword, helmet, and shield; and the rest with spears and staves. When they came to the place where he was, they found him with one Feeble-midti in' his hand, whom his servants had brought unto him, having taken him in the way. Now the giant was rifling him, with a purpose after that to pick his bones; for he was of the nature of flesheaters. Well, so soon as he saw Mr. Great-Heart and his friends at the mouth of his cave, with their weapons, he demanded what they wanted. GREAT. We want thee; for we are come to revenge the quarrels of the many that thou hast slain of the pilgrims, when thou hast dragged them out of the KIing's highway: wherefore come out of thy cave, So he armed himself and GIANT SLMY-GOOD SLAIN. 4.0.5 eame out, and to battle they went. and fought for above an hour, and then stood still to take wind. SLA.Y. Then said the giant, Why are you here on my ground? GREAT. To revenge the blood of pilgrims, as I told thee before. So they went to it again, and the giant made Mr. Great-Heart give back; but he came up again, and in the greatness of his mind he let fly with such stoutness at the giant's head and sides, that he made him let his weapon fall out o0' his hand. So he smote him. and slew him, and cut off his head, and brought it away to the inn. He also took Feeble-mind the pilgrim, and brought him with him to his lodgings. When they were come home, they showed his head to the family, and set it up, as they had done others before, for a terror to those that should attempt to do as he hereafter. Then they asked Mr. Feeble-Mind how he fell into tais hands. FEEBLE. Then said the poor man, I am a sickly man, as you see: and because death did usually once a day knock at my door, I thought I should never be well at home; so I betook myself to a pilgrim's life, and have traveled hither from the town of'Uncertain where I axnd mny father were born. I am a man of no strength at R 406 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. all of body, nor yet of -mind, but would, if I could, though I can but crawl, spend my lifb in the pilgrim's way. - When I came at the gate that is at the head of the way, the Lord of that place did entertain me freely; neither objected he against my weakly looks, nor against my feeble mind; but gave me such things as were necessary for my journey, and bid me hope to the end. When 1 came to the house of the Interpreter, I received much kindness there: and because the hill of Difficulty was judged too hard for me, I was carried up that by one of his servants. Irdleed, I have found much relief from pilgrims, though none were willing to go so softly as I am forced to do: yet still as they came on, they bid me be of good cheer, and said, that it was the will of their Lord that comfort should be given to the feeble-minded, 1 Thess. 5: 14; and so went on their own pace. When I was come to Assault-lane, then this giant met with ime, and bid me prepare for an encounter. But, alas, feeble one that I was, I had more need of a cordial; so he came up and took me. 1 conceited he would not kill me. Also when he had got me into his den, since I went not with him willingly, I believed I should come out alive again; for I have heard, that not any pilgrim that is taken captive by violent hands, if he MR. FEEBLE->I1NDIS HITlORY. 4(C keep;. heart whole towards his Master, is, by the aws of providence, to die by the hand of the enemy. Robbed I looked to be, and robbed to be sure I am; but I have, as you see, escaped with life, for the which I thank my King as the author, and you as the means. Other brunts I also look for; but this I have resolved on, to wit, to run when I can, to go when I cannot run, laund to creep when I cannot go. As to the main, I thank him that loved me, I am fixed; my.way is before me, my mind is beyond the river that has no bridge, though I am, as you see, but of a feeble mind. ION. Then said old Mr. Honest, Have not you, sometime ago, been acquainted with one Mr. Fearing, a pilgrim? FEEBLE. Acquainted with him! Yes, he came from the town of Stupidity, which lieth four degrees to the northward of the city of Destruction, and as many off of where I was born: yet we were well acquainted, for indeed he was my uncle, my father's brother. HIe and I have been much of a temper: he was a little shorter than I, but yet we were mcch of a complexion. HON. I perceive you knew him, and I am apt to believe also that you were related one to another; for you have his whitely look, a cast 4C08 PILGRIM'S' PROGRESS. like his with your eye, and your speech is much alike. FEEBLE. Most have said so that have known us both: and, besides, what I have read in him I have for the most part found in myself. GAIus. Come, sir, said good Gaius, be of good cheer; you are welcome to me, and to my house. What thou hast a mind to, call for freely; and what thou wouldst have my servants do for thee, they will do it with a ready mind. Then said Mr. Feeble-lmind, This is an unexpected favor, and as the sun shining out of a very dark cloud. Did giant Slay-good intend me this favor when he stopped me, and resolved to let me go no further? Did he intend, that after he had rifled my pockets I should go to Gaius mine host? Yet so it is. Now, just as Mr. Feeble-mind and Gaius were thus in talk, there came one running, and called at the door, and said, that about a. mile and a half off there was one Mr. Not-right, a pilgrim, struck dead upon the place where he was, with a thunderbolt. FEEBLE. Alas.! said Mr. Feeble-mind, is he slain-? He overtook me some days before I came so far as hither, and would be my companykeeper. He was also with me when Slay-good -he giant took me,% but he was nimble of his heels, MATTHEW AND JAMES MARRIED. 409 and escaped; but it seems he escaped to die, and i was taken to live. "What one would think doth seek to slay outright, Ofttimes delivers from the saddest plight. That very Providence whose face is death, Doth ofttimes to the lowly life bequeath. I taken was, hlie did escape and flee; Hands closs'd gave death to him and life to me." Now, about this time Maltthew and:Mercy were married; also Gaius gave his daughter Phebe to James, Matthew's brotherl, to wife; after which time they yet stayed about'ten days at Gainus' house, spending their time and the seasons like as pilgrims use to do. When they were to depart, Gaiuns made them a f ast, and they did eat and drink, and were merry. Now the hour was come that they must be gone; wherefore Mr. Great-lheart called for a reckoning. But Gaius told hilm, that at his house it was not the custom for pilgrims to pay for their entertainment. lie boarded them by the year, but looked for his pay foiom the good Samaritan, who hba(d promised him, at his return, whatsoever charge he was at with them, faithfully to repay him. Luke 10: 34, 35. Then said Mr. Great-heart to him, GREAT. Belovedc thou doest faithflully whatsoever thou doest to the brethren, and to strangers, 4iV PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. who have borne witness of thy charity before the church, whcmn if thou yet bring forward on their journey, after a godly sort, thou shalt do well. 3 John 5, 6. Then Gaius took his leave of them all, and lhis children, and particularly of Mr. Feeble-mind. He also gave him something to drink by the way. Now Mr. Feeble-mind, when they were going out of the door, made as if he intended to linger. Th, which, when Mr. Great-Heart espied, he said, Come, Mr. Feeble-mind, pray do you go along with us: I will be your conductor, and vou shall fare as the rest. FEEBLE. Alas! I want a suitable companion. You are all lusty and strong, but I, as you see, am weak; I choose, therefore, rather to come behind, lest, by reason of my many infirmities, I should be both a burden to myself and to you. I am, as I said, a man of a weak and feeble mind, and shall be offended and made weak at, that which others can bear. I shall like no laughing; I shall like no gay attire; I shall like no unprofitable questions. Nay, I am so weak a man as to be offended with that which others have a liberty to do. I do not yet know all the truth: I am a very ignorant Christian man. Sometimes, if I hear some rejoice in the Lord, it troubles me because I cannot do so too. It is iwith maie as it is GIRE AT-HEARTIS COMMISSION 4.11 with a weak man among the strong, or as with a sick man among the healthy, or as a lamp despised; so that I know not what, to do. "' Ale that is ready to slip with his feet is as a lamp despised in the thought of him that is at ease." Job 12: 5. GREAT. But, brother, said Mr. Great-Heart, I have it in commission to comfort the feebleminded, and to support the weak. You must needs go along with us; we will wait for you; we will lend you our help; we will deny ourselves of some things, both opinionative and practical, for your sake: we will not enter into doubtful disputations before you; we will be made all things to you, rather than you shall be left behind. 1 Thess. 5: 14; Ronm. 14; 1 Cor. 8: 9-13; 9: 22. Now, all this while they were at Gaius' door; and behold, as they were thus in the heat of their discourse, Mr. Ready-to-halt came by, with his crutches in his hand, and he also was going on pilgrimage. FEEBLE. Then said Mr. Feeble-mind to him, Man, how camest thou hither? I was but now complaining that I had not a suitable companion, but thou art according to my wish. Welcome, welcome, good Mr. Ready.to-halt; I hope thou and I may be some help. 412 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. REAtDY. I shall be glad of thy company, said the other; and, good Mr. Feeble-mind, rather than we will part, since we are thus happily mets I will lend thee one of my crutches. FEEBLE. Nay, said he, thougl I thank thee for thy good-will, I am not inclined to halt before I am lame. Howbeit, I think when occasion is, it nliay help me- against a dog. READY. If either nmyself or my crutches can do thee a pleasure, we are both at thy command, good Mr. Feeble-mind. Thus, therefore, they went on. Mr. GreatHeart and Mr. Honest went before, Christiana and her children went next, and Mr. Feeblemind came behind, and Mr. Ready-to-halt with his crutches. Then said Mr. Ieonest, HON. Pray, sir, now we are upon the road, tell us some profitable things of some that have gone on pilgrimage before us. GREAT. With a good will. I suppose you nave heard how Christian of old did meet with Apollyon in the Valley of Humiliation, and also what hard work he had to go through the Valley of the Shadow of Death. Also I think you cannot but have heard how Faithful was put to it by Madamn Wanton, wilth Adam the First, with one Discontent, and Shame; four as deceitful villains as a man can met with upon the road, FEEBLE-3MIND WELCOMES IEADY-TO-HALT, NEW TALK OF TRHE IPILGRWIMS. 413 HFON. Yes, I have heard of all this; but in Seed good Faithful was hardest put to't w ith Shame: he was an unwearied one. GREAT. Aye; for, as the pilgrim well said, he of all men had the wrong name. HoN. But pray, sir, where was it that Christian and Faithful met Talkative? That same was also a notable one. GREAT. He was a confident fool; yet many follow his ways. HoN. He had like to have beguiled Faithful. GREAT, Aye, but Christian put him into a way quickly to find him out. Thus they went on till they came to the place where Evangelist met with Christian and Faithful, and prophesied to them what should befall them at Vanity Fair. Then said their guide, Hereabouts did Christian and Faithful meet with Evangelist, who prophesied to them of what troubles they should meet with at Vanity Fair, HIoN. Say you so? I dare say it was a hard chapter that then he did read unto them. GREAT. It was so, but he gave them encouragement withal. But what do we talk of them? They were a couple of lion-like men; they had set their faces like a flint. Do not you remremnber how undaunted they were when they stood before the judge? :1U4 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. lION. Well: Faithful bravely suffered. GREAT. So he did, and as brave things camo on't; for Hopeful, and some others, as the story relates it, were converted by his death. IHON. Well, but pray go on; for you are -well acquainted with things. GREAT. Above all that Christian met witff after he had passed through Vanity Fair, one By-ends was the arch one. HON. By-ends!'what was he? GREAT. A very arch fellow, a downright. hypocrite; one that would be religious, whichever way the world went; but so cunning, that he would be sure never to lose or suffer for it. lHe had his mode of religion for every fresh occasion, and his wife was as good at it as he. HIe would turn from opinion to opinion; yea, and plead for so doing, too. But, so far as I could learn, he canme to an ill end with his by-ends; nor did I ever hear that any of his children were ever of any esteem with any that truly feared God. Now by this time they were come within sight of the town of Vanity, where Vanity Fair is kept. So, when they saw that they were so near the town, they consulted with one another how they should pass through the town; and some said one thing, and some another. At last Mr. Great-Heart said, I have, as you may V\' A[TN' Y FAIR. 415 understand, often been a conductor of pilgrims through this town. NTow, I am acquainted with one Mr. Mnason, Acts 21: 16, a Cyprusian b) nation, an old disciple, at whose house we may lodge. If you think good, we will turn in there, Content, said old HIonest; Content, said Christiana; Content, said Mr. Feeble-mind; and so they said all. Now you must think it was eventide'by that they got to the outside of the town; but Mr. Great-Heart knew the way to the old man's house. So thither they came; and he called at the door, and the old man within knew his tongue as soon as ever he heard it; so he opened the door, and they all came in. Then said Mnason their host, HIow far have ye come to-day? So they said, From the house of Gaius our friend. I promise you, said he, you have gone a good stitch. You may -well be weary; sit down. So they sat down. GREAT. Then said their guide, Come, what cheer, good sirs? I dare say you are welcome to my friend. MNAS. I also, said Mr. Mnason, do bid you welcome; and whatever you want, do but say, and we will do what we can to get it for you. HON. Our great want, a while since, was harbor and good company, and now I hope we have both. -lI i PILGRIM'S PRtOGRESS. MNAS. For harbor, you see what it is; but for good company, that will appe-far in the trial. GREAT. nell, said Mr. Great-Heart, will you have the pilgrims up into their lodging? MNAS. I will, said Mr. Mnason. So he had. them to their respective places; and also showed them a very fair dining-room, where they might be, and sup together until the time should come to go to rest. Now, when they were seated in their places, and were a little cheery after their journey, Mr Honest aslked his landlord if there was any store of good people in the town. MNAs. We have a few: for indeed they are but a few when compared with them on the other side. HON. But how shall we do to see some of them? for the sight of good men to them that are going on pilgrimage, is like the appearing of the moon and stars to them that are sailing upon the seas. MNAS, Then Mr. Mnason stamped with his foot, and his daughter Grace came up. So he said unto her, Grace, go you, tell my friends, Mr. Contrite, Mr. Holy-man, Mro Love-saints, Mr. Dare-not-lie, and Mr. Penitentb that I have a friend or two at my house who have a mind this evening to see them. So Grace went to call MR. MNASON'S FRIENDS. 417 themr, and they caime; and after salutation made, they sat clowni together at the table. Then said Mr. Mnason their landlord, My neighbors, I have, as you see, a company of strangers come to my house; they are pilgrims. they come from afar, and are going to Mount Zion. But who, quoth he, do you think this is? pointing his finger to Christiana. It is Christiana, the wife of Christian, the falmlor s pilgrim, who, with Faithful his brother, was sc shamefully handled in our town. At that they stood amazed, saying, We little thought to sec Christiana when Grace came to call us; where. fore this.is a very comfortable surprise. They then asked her of her welfare, and if these young men were her lhusband's sons. And when she had told tthem they were, they said, The King whoimn you love and serve make you as your father, and bring you where he is in peace. HON. Then Mr. Honest (when they were all sat down) asked Mr. Contrite and the rest, in what posture their town was at present. CONT. You may be sure we are full of hurry in fair-time.'T is hard keeping our hearts and spirits in good order when we are in a cumbered condition. H-Je that lives inl such a place as this is, alnd has to do with such as we have, has need 4:1[8 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. of an item to caution him to take heed every moment of the day. lioN. But how are your neighbors now for Quietness? CONT. They are much more moderate now than formerly. You know how Christian and Faithful were used at our town; but of late, I say, they have been far more moderate. I think the blood of Faithful lieth as a load upon them till now; for since they burned him, they have been ashamed to burn any more. In those days we were afraid to walk the street; but now we can show our heads. Then the name of a professor was odious; now, especially in some parts of our town, (for you know our town is large,) religion is counted honorable. Then said Mr. Contrite to them, Pray how fareth it with you in your pilgrimage? how stands the country affected towards you? HON. It happens to us as it happeneth to wayfaring men: sometimes our way is clean, sometimes foul; sometimes up hill, sometimes down hill; we are seldom at a certainty. The wind is not always on our backs, nor is every one a friend that we meet with in the way. We have met with some notable rubs already, and what are yet behind we know not; but for the CONFLICT OF CHRISTIA.NS. 419 umcst part, we find it true that has been tallked of old, A good man must suffer trouble. CONT. You talk of rubs; what rubs have you met withal? I-ION. Nay, ask Mr. Great-Heart, our guide; for he can give the best account of that. GREAT. We have been beset three or four times alre'ady. First, Christiana and her children were beset by two ruffians, who they feared would take away their lives. We were beset by Giant Bloody-man, Giant Maul, and Giant Slaygood. Indeed, we did rather beset the last than were beset by him. And thus it was: after we had been some time at the house of Gaius mine host, and of the whole church, we were minded upon a time to take our weapons with us, and go see if we could light upon any of those that are enemies to pilgrims; for we heard that there was a notable one thereabouts. Nowv Gaius knew his haunt better than I, because he dwelt thereabout. So we looked, and looked, till at last we discerned the mouth -of his cave: then we were glad, and plucked up our spirits. So we approached up to his den; and lo, when we came there, he had dragged, by mere force, into his net, this poor man, Mr. Feeble-mind, and was about to bring him to his end. But when the saw us, supposing, as we thought, he hald .:20 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. another prey, he left the poor man in his hole, and came out. So we fell to it full sore, and he lustily laid about him; but, in conclusion, he was brought down to the ground, and his head cut off, and set up by the way side for a terror to such as should after practise such ungodliness. That I tell you the truth, here is the man himself to affirm it, who was as a lamb taken out of the mouth of the lion. FEEBLE. Then said Mr. Feeble-mind, I found this true, to my cost and comfort: to my cost, when he threatened to pick imy bones every moment; and to my comfort, when I saw Mr. Great-HIeart and his friends, with their weapons, approach so near for my deliverance. HOLY. Then said Mr. Holy-man, There are two things that they have need to possess who go on pilgrimage; courage, and an unspotted life. If they have not courage, they can never hold on their way; apni if their lives be loose, they will make the very name of a pilgrim stink. LOVE. Then said Mr. Love-saints, I hope this caution is not needful among you: but truly there are many that go upon the road, who rather declare themselves strangers to pilgrimage, than strangers and pilgrims on the earth. DARE. Then said Mr. Dare-not-lie,'T is true. They have neither the pilgrim's weed, nor the CONVERSATION OF THE PILGRIiS, 421 pilgrim's courage; they go not uprightly, but all awry with their feet; one shoe goeth inward, another outward; and their hosen are out behind: here a rag, and there a rent, to the disparagement of their Lord. PEN. These things, said Mr. Penitent, they ought to be troubled for; nor are the pilgrims like to have that grace put apon them and their Pilgri-n's Progress as they desire, until the way is cleared of such spots and blemishes. Thus they sat talking and spending the time until supper was set upon the table, unto which they went, and refreshed their weary bodies: so they went to rest. Now they staid in the fair a great while, at the house of this Mr. Mnason, who in process of tinme gave his daughter Grace unto Samuel, Christiana's son, to wife, and his daughter Martha to Joseph. The time, as I said, that they staid here, was long, for it was not now as in former times. Wherefore the pilgrims grew acquainted with many of the good people of the town, and did them what service they could. Mercy, as she was wont, labored much for the poor: wherefobre their bellies and backs blessed her, and she was there an ornament to her profession. And, to spay the truth for Grace, Phebe, and Martha, they /4ib 2X PILG RI AM'S PROGRESS. were all of a very good nature, and did mucih good in their places. They were also all of them very fruitful; so that Christian's name, as was said before, was like to live in the world. While they lay here, there came a monster out of the woods, and slew many of the people of the town. It would also carry away their children, and teach them to suck its whelps. Now, no man in the town durst so much as face this monster; but all fled when they heard the noise of his coming. The monster was like unto no one beast on the earth. Its body was like a dragon, and it had seven heads and ten horns. It made great havoc of children, and yet it was governed by a woman. Rev. 17: 3. This monster propounded conditions to men; and such men as loved their lives more than their souls, accepted of those conditions. So they came under. Now Mr. Great-Heart, together with those who came to visit the pilgrims at Mr. Mnason's house, entered into a covenant to go and engage this beast, if perhaps they might deliver the people of this town from the paws and mouth of this so devouring a serpent. Then did Mr. Great-Heart, AMr. Contrite, Mr. Holy-man, Mr. Dare-not-lie, and Mr. Penitent. with their weapons, go forth to me~: him, A MONSTE. 423 Now the monster at first was very rampant, and looked upon these enemies with great disdain; but they so belabored him, being sturdy men at arms, that they made hiim make a retreat: so they came home to Mr. Mnason's house again. The monster, you must know, had his certain seasons to come out in, and to make his attempts upon the children of the people of the town. At these seasons did these valiant worthies watch him, and did still continually assault him; insomuch that in process of time he became not only wounded. but lame. Also he has not made that havoc of the townsmen's children as formerly he had done; anda it is verily believed by some that this beast will die of his wounds. This, therefore, made Mr. Great-Heart and his fellows of great fame in this town; so that many of the people that wanted their taste of things, yet had a reverent esteem and respect for them. Upon this account. therefore, it was, that these pilgrims got not much hurt here. True, there were some of the baser sort, that could see no more than a mole, nor understand any more than a beast; these had no reverence for these men, and took no notice of their valor and adventures, 2XI PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. THE SEVENTH STAGE. Weil, the time grew on that the pilgrims must go on their way; wherefore they prepared for their journey. They sent for their friends; they conferred with them; they had some time set apart therein to commit each other to the protection of their Prince. There were again that brought them of such things as they had, that were fit for the weak and the strong, for the women and the men, and so laded them with such things as were necessary. Acts 28: 10. Then they set forward on their way; and their friends accompanying them so far as was convenient, they again committed each other to the protection of their King, and parted. They therefore that were of the pilgrims' company went on, and Mr. Great-Heart went before them. Now, the women and children being weakly, they were forced to go as they could bear; by which means Mr. Ready-to-halt and Mr. Feeble-mind, had more to sympathize with their condition. When they were gone from the townsmen, and when their friends had bid them farewell, they quickly came to the place where Faithful was put to death. Therefore they made a stan]d, sand thanked him that had enabled him to bear THF Y LEAVE VANITY FAIR. 425 his cross so well; and the rather, bedause they now found that they had a benefit by such a manly suffering as his was. They went on therefore after this a good way further. talking of Christian and Faithful, and how Hopeful joined himself to Christian after that Faithful was dead. Now they were come up with the hill Lucre, where the silver mine was which took Demas off from his pilgrimage, and into which, as some think, By-ends fell and perished; wherefore they considered that. But when they were come to the old monument that stood over against the hill Lucre, to wit, to the pillar of salt, that stood also within view of Sodom and.its stinking lake, they marvelled, as did Christian before, that men of such knowledge and ripeness of wit as they were, should be so blinded as to turn aside here. Only they considered again, that nature is not affected with the harms that others have met with, especially if that thing upon which they look has an attracting virtue upon the foolish eye. I saw now, that they went on till they came to the -river that was on this side of the Delectable Mountains; to the river where the fine trees grow on both sides, and whose leaves, if taken inwardly, are good against surfeits; where 12 6 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS the m-leadows are green all the year long, and wherle they might lie down safely. Psa. 23 2. By this river-side, in the meadows, there were cotes and folds for sheep, a house built for the nourishing and bringing up of those lambs, the babes of those women that go on pilgrimage. Also there was here one that was intrusted with them, who could have compassion; and that could gather these lambs with his arm, and carry them in his bosom, and gently lead those that were with young. ileb. 5: 2; Isa. 40: 11. Now, to the care of this man Christiana admonished her four daughters to commit their little ones, that by these waters they might be housed, harbored, succored, and nourished, and that none of them might be lacking in time to come. This man, if any of them. go astray, or be lost, will bring them again; he will also bind up that which was broken, and will strengthen them that are sick. Jer. 23: 4; Ezek. 34: 11-16. Here they will never want meat, drink, and clothing; here they will be kept from thieves and robbers; for this man will die before one of those committed to his trust shall be lost. Besides, here they shall be sure to have good nurture and admonition, and shall be taught to walk in right paths, and that you know is a favor ol no small account. Also here, as you see, are THE HOUSE FOR LAMBS. 427 delicate waters, pleasant meadows, dainty flowers, variety of trees, and such as bear wholesome fruit: fruit, not like that which Matthew ate of, that fell over the wall out of Beelzebub's garden; but fruit that procureth health where there is none, and that continueth and increaseth it where it is. So they were content to commit their little ones to him; and that which was also an encouragement to them so to do, was, for that all this was to be at the charge of the King, and so was as an hospital to young children and orphans. Now they went on. And when they were come to By-path Meadow: to the stile over which Christian went with his fellow Hopeful, when. they were taken by Giant Despair and put into Doubting Castle, they sat down, and consulted what was best to be done: to wit, now they were so strong, and had got such a. man as AMr. Great-Heart for their conductor, whether they had not best to make an attempt upon the giant, demolish his castle, and if there were any pilgrims in it, to set them at liberty before they went any further. So one said one thing, and another said the contrary. One questioned if it was lawful to go upon unconsecrated ground; another said they might, provided their end was good; but Mr. Great-Heart said, Though that 428 PlYRRMI9S io ROORESS. assrtiLon offered last, cannot be universally true. yet I have a commandclent to resist sin, to overcomne evil, to fight the good fight of faith: and T pray, with whom should I fight this good fight, if not with Giant Despair? I will therefore attempt the taking away of his life, and the demolishing of Doubting Castle. Then said he, Who will go with me? Then said old Honest, T will. And -so will we too, said Christiana's four sons, 1Matthew, Samuel, Joseph, and James; for they were young men and strong. I John 2: 13, 14. So they left the women in the road, and with them AMr. Feeble-rmind, and Mr. Readyto-halt with his crutches, to be their guard until they came back; for in that place the Giant Despair dwelt so near, they keeping in the road, f little child might lead them. Isa. 11: 6. So Mr. Great-Heart, old Honest, and the four young men, went to go up to Doubting Castle, to look for Giant Despair. When they came at the castle gate, they knocked for entrance with an unusual noise. At that the old giant comes to the gate, and Diffidence his wife follows. Then said he, Who and what is he that is so hardy, as after this manner to molest the Giant Despair? Mr. Great-Heart replied, It is I, Great-Heart, one of the King of the Celestial country's conductors of pilgrims to their GIANT DESPAIR ATTACKED. 429 place; and I demand of thee that thou open thy gates for my entrance: prepare thyself also to fight, for I am come to take away thy head, and to demolish Doubting Castle. Now Giant Despair, because he was a giant,> thought no man could overcome him: and again thought he, Since heretofore I have made a conquest of angels, shall Great-HTeart matke me afraid? So he harnessed himself, and went out. He had a cap of steel upon his head, a breastplate of fire girded to him, and he came out in iron shoes, with a great club in his hand. Then these six men made up to him, and beset him behind and before: also, when Diffidence the giantess came up to help him, old Mr. Honest cut her down at one blow. Then they fought for their lives, and Giant Despair was brought down to the ground, but was very loth die. HIe struggled hard, and had, as they say, as many lives as a cat; but Great-Heart was his death, for he left him not till he had severed his head from his shoulders. Then they fell to demolishing Doubting Castle, and that you know miglht with ease be done, since Giant Despair was dead. They were seven days in destroying of that; and in it of pilgrims they found one'Mr. Despondency, almost starved to death, and one Much-afraid, his S 430 PILGORIM'S PROGRESS. daughter: these two they saved alive. But it would have made you wonder to have seen the dead bodies that lay here and there in the castle yard, and how full of dead men's bones the dungeon was. When Mr. Great-Heart and his companions had performed this exploit, they took Mr. Despondency, and his daughter Much-afraid, into their protection; for they were honest people, though they were prisoners in Doubting Castle to that tyrant Giant Despair. They, therefore, I say, took with -them the head of the giant, (for his body they had buried under a heap of stones,) and down t.o the road and to their coni.panions they came, and showed them what they had done. Now, when Feeble-mind and Readvyto-halt saw that it was the head of Giant Despair indeed, they were very jocund and merry. Now Christiana, if need was, could play upon the viol, and her daughter Mercy upon the lute: so, since they were so merry disposed, she played them a lesson, and Ready-to-halt would dance. So he took Despondency's daughter, Much-afraid, by the hand, and to dancing they went in the road. True, he could not dance without one crutch in his hand, ibut I promise you he footed it well: also the girl was to' be commended, for she answered the mus.ic handsomely. DOUBTING CASTLE DESTROYED. i48 As for Mr. Despondency, the music was not o0 much to him; he was for feeding rather than dancing, for that he was almost starved. So'Christiana gave him some of her bottle of spirits for present relief, and then prepared him. something to eat; and in a little time the old gentleman came to himself, and began to be finely revived. Now I saw in my dream, when all these things were finished, Mr. Great-Heart took the head of Giant Despair, and set it upon a pole by the highway-side, right over against the pillar that Christian erected for a caution to pilgrims that came after, to take heed of entering into his grounds. Then he writ under it upon a marble stone these verses following: "This is the head of him whose name only In former times did pilgrims terrify. His castle's down, and Diffidence his wife Brave Mlr. Great-Heart has bereft of life. Despondency, his daughter Much-afraid, Great-Heart for them also the man has play'd. Who hereof doubts, if he'11 but cast his eye Up hither, may his scruples satisfy. This head also, when doubting cripples dance, Doth show from fears they have deliverance." When these men had thus bravely showed themselves against Doubting Castle, and had slain Giant Despair, they went forward, and went 432 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. on till they came. to the Delectable Mountains, where Christian and Hopeful refreshed theme selves with the varieties of the place. They also acquainted themselves with the shepherds there, who welcomed them, as they had done Christian before, unto the Delectable Mountains. Now the shepherds seeing so great a train follow Mr. Great-Heart, (for with him they were well acquainted,) they said unto him, Good sir, you have got a goodly company here; piay where did you find all these? Then Mr. Great-Heart replied, "First, here is Christiana and her train, Her sons, and her sons' wives, who, like the wain, Keep by the pole, and do by compass steer From sin to grace, else they had not been here. Next here's old HIonest come on pilgrimage, Ready-to-halt too, who I dare engage True-hearted is, and so is Feeble-mind, Who willing was not to be left behind. Despondency, good man, is coming after, And so also is Much-afraid, his daughter. May we have entertainment here, or must We further go? Let's knew whereon to trust." Then said the shepherds, This is a comfortable company. You are welcome to us; for we have for the feeble, as well as for the strong. Our Prince has an eye to what is done to the least of these; therefore infirmity must not be a block to our entertainment. Matt. 25:: 40. So WELCOMIED BY TtIE SHEPHERDS. and they had them to the palace door, and then said unto them, Come in, Mr. Feeble-Mind; come in Mr. Ready-to-halt; Come in, Mr. Despondency, and Mrs. Much-afraid his daughter. These, Mr. Great-Heart, said the shepherds to the guide, we call in by name, for that they are most subject to draw back; but as for you, and the rest that are strong, we leave you to your wonted liberty. Then said Mr. Great-Heart, This day I see that grace doth shine in your faces, and that you are my" Lord's shepherds indeed; for that you have not pushed these diseased neither with side nor shoulder, but have rather strewed their way into the palace with flowers, as you should. Ezek. 34: 21. So the feeble and weak went in, and Mr. Great-Heart and the rest did follow. Whlen they were also set down, the shepherds said to those of the weaker sort, What is it that you would have? for, said they, all things must be managed here to the supporting of the weak, as well as to the warning of the unruly. So they made them a feast of things easy of digestion, and that were pleasant to the palate and nourishing; the which when they had received, they went to their rest, each one respectively unto his proper place. When morning wis come, because the mountains,re high and the day clear, and because 434 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS.:t was the custom of the shepherds to show the pilgrims before their departure some rarities. therefore, after they were ready, and had refreshed themselves, the shepherds took them out into the fields, and showed them first what they had shown to Christian before. Then they had them to some new places. The first was iMount Marvel, where they looked, and beheld a man at a distance that tumbled the hills about with words. Then they asked the shepherds what that should mean. So they told them, that that man was the son of one Mr. Great-grace, of whom you read in the first part of the records of the Pilgrim's Progress; and he is set there to teach pilgrims how to believe down, or to tumble out of their ways, what difficulties they should meet with, by faith. Mark 11: 23, 24. Then said Mr. Great-Heart I know himn; he is a man above many. Then they had them to another place, called Mount Innocence. And there they saw a man clothed all in white; and two men, Prejudice and Ill-will, continually casting dirt upon him. Now behold, the dirt, whatsoever they cast at him, would in a little time fall off again, and his garment would look as clear as if no dirt hlad been cast thereat Then said the pilgrims, What means this? The shepherds answered, This man MOUNT CHARITY. 4i15 a named Godly-man, and th]is garment is to show the innocency of his life. Now, those that throw dirt at him are such as hate his well-doing; but, as you see the dirt will not stick upon his clothes, so it shall be with him that liveth innocently in the world. Whoever they be that would make such men dirty, they labor all in vain; for God, by that a little time is spent, will cause that their innocence shall break forth as the light, and their righteousnesss as the noonday. Then they took them, and had them to Mount Charity, where they showed them a man that had a bundle of cloth lying before him, out of which he cut coats and garments for the poor that stood about him; yet his bundle or roll of cloth was never the less. Then said they, What should this be? This is, said the shepherds, to show you, that he who has a heart to give of his labor to the poor, shall never want wherewithal. He that watereth shall be watered himself. And the cake that the widow. gave to the prophet did not cause that she had the less in her barrel. They had them also to the place where they saw one Fool and one Want-witf washing an Ethiopian, with intention to make him white; but the more they washed him, the blacker he was, 405 C'iLd R I9M'S PROGRESS. T- en they asked the shepherds what that should mean. So they told them, saying, Thus it is with the vile person; all means used to get such a one a good name, shall in conclusion tend but to make him more abominable. Thus it was with the pharisees; and so it shall be with all hypocrites. Then said Mercy, the wife of Matthew, to Christiana her mother, Mother, I would, if it might be, see the hole in the hill, or that commonly called the By-way to hell. So her mother brake her mind to the shepherds. Then they went to the door; it was on the side of an hill; and they opened it, and bid Mercy hearken a while. So she hearkened, and heard one saying, Cursed be my father for holding of my feet back from the way of peace and life. Another said, Oh that I had been torn in pieces before I had, to save my life, lost my soul! And another said, If I were to live again, how would I deny myself, rather than to come to this place! Then there was as if the very earth groaned and quaked under tile feet of this young woman for fear; so she looked white, and came trembling away, saying, Blessed be he and she that isdelivered from this place! Now, when the shepherds had shown them a11 these things, then they had them back to the [EtRCX ATP THlE BY-\VAY TO tIELL. iN TE1RTAtIN 1) BY SHEPHERDS. 4 3 palace, and entertained them with what the house would afford. But Mercy, being a young and married woman, longed for something that she saw there, but was ashamed to ask. Her motherin-law then asked her what she ailed, for she looked as one not well. Then said Mercy, There is a looking-glass hangs up in the dining-room, off which I cannot take my mind; if, therefore, I have it not, I think I shall minscarry. Then said her mother, I will mention thy wants to the shepherds, and they will not deny thee. But -she said, I am ashamed that these men should know that I longed. Nay, my daughter, said slhe, it is no shame, but a virtue, to long for such a thing as that. So Mercy said, Then mother, if you please, ask the shepherds if they are willing to sell it. Now the glass was one of a thousand. It would present a man, one way, with his own features exactly; and turn it but another way, and it would show one the very face and similitude of the Prince of pilgrims himself. Yes, I have talked with them that can tell, and they have said that they have seen the very crown of thorns upon his head by looking in that glass; they have therein also seen the holes in his hands, his feet, and his side. Yea, such an excellency is there in this glass, that it will show him. to one 4-38 PI La tM'S PR'OGR ESS. where they have a mind to see him, whether living or dead; whether in earth, or in heaven; whether in a state of humiliation, or in his exaltation; whether coming to suffer, or coming to reign. James 1: 23; 1 Cor. 13: 12; 2 Cor. 3: 18. Christiana therefore went to the shepherds apart, (now the names of the shepherds were Knowledge, Experience, Watchful, and Sincere,) and said unto them, There is one of my daughters, a breeding woman, that I think doth long for something that she hath seen in this house; and she thinks that she shall miscarry if she should by you be denied. EXPERIENCE. Call her, call her, she shall assuredly have what we can help her to. So they called her, and said to her, Mercy, what is that thing thou wouldst have? Then she blushed, and said, The great glass that hangs up in the dining-room. So Sincere ran and fetched it, and with a joyful consent it was given her. Then she bowed her head, and gave thanks, and said, By this I know that I have obtained favor in your eyes. They also gave to the other young women such things as they desired, and to their husbands great commendations, for that they had joined with Mr. Great-Heart in the slaying of Giant Despair, and the demolishing of Doubting Castle. GIFTS OF THE SHEPHERDS. 4319 About Christiana's neck the shepherds put a bracelet, and so did they about the necks of her four daughters; also they put ear-rings in their ears, and jewels on their foreheads. When they were minded to go hence, they let them go in peace, but gave not to them those certain cautions which before were given to Christian and his companion. The reason was, for that these had Great-Heart to be their guide, who was one that was well acquainted with things, and so could give them their cautions more seasonably, to wit, even when the danger was nigh the approaching. What cautions Christian and his companion had received of the shepherds, they had also lost by that the time was come that they had need to put them in practice. Wherefore, here was the advantage that this company had over the other. From thence they went on singing, and they said, "Behold how fitly are the stages set For their relief that pilgrims are become, And how they us receive without one let, That make the other life our mark and home! What novelties they have to us they give, That we, though pilgrims, joyful lives may live They do upon us, too, such things bestow, That show we pilgrims are, where'er we go." 440 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. THE EIGHSTH STAGE. When they were gone from the shepherds) they quickly came to the place where Christian muet with one Turn-away that dwelt in the town of Apostasy. Wherefore of him Mr. Great-Heart their guide now put them in mind, saying, This is this place where Christian met with one Turnaway, who carried with him the character of his rebellion at his back. And this I have to say concerning this man; he would hearken to no counsel, but once a falling, persuasion could not stop him. When he came to the place where the cross and sepulchre were, he did meet with one that bid him look there; but he gnashed with his teeth, and stamped, and said he was revolved to go back to his own town. Before he came to the gate, he met with Evangelist, who offered to lay hands on him, to turn himl into the way again; but this Turn-away resisted him, and having done much despite unto him, he got away over the wall, and so escaped his hand. Then they went on; and just at the place where Little-Faith formerly was robbed, there stood a man with his sword drawn, and his face all over with blood. Then said Mr. Great-Ieart, VALIANT-FOR-T UTJH ASSAILE ED 441 Who art thou? The man made answer, saying, I am one whose name is Valiant-for-truth. I am a pilgrim, and am going to the Celestial City. Now, as I was in my way, there were three men that did beset me, and propounded unto me these three things: 1. Whether I would become one of them. 2. Or go back from whence I came. 3. Or die upon the place Prov. 1: 11-14. To the first I answered, I had been a true man for a long season, and therefore it could not be expected that I shouid now cast in my lot with thieves. Then they demanded what I would say to the second. So I told them, the place fi-om whence I came, had I not fotund incommodity there, I had not forsal-ke it-lat all; but finding it all together unsuitable to me, and very unprofitable for me, I forsook it for this way. Then they asked me what I said to the third. And I told them my life cost far more dear than that I should lightly give it away. Besides, you have nothing to do thus to put things to my choice; wherefore at your peril be it if you meddle. Then these three, to wit, Wild-head, Inconsiderate, and Pragmatic, drew upon mne, and I also drew upon them. So we fell to it, one against three, for the space of above three hours. They have left upon me, as you see, some of the marks of their M-4-2 P1 PIGRIM'S PROGRESS. valor, and hlave also carried away with them some of mine. They are but just now gone; I suppose- they might, as the saying is, hear your horse dash, and so they betook themselves to flight. GREAT. But here was great odds, three against one. VALIANT.'T is true; but little or more are nothing to him that has the truth on his side: "Though an host should encamp against me," said one, Psa. 27: 3, "my heart shall not fear: though war should rise against me, in this will I be confident," etc. Besides, said he, I have read in somle records, that one man has fought an army: and how many did Samson slay with the jawbone of an ass! GREAT. Then said the guide, Why did you not cry cut, that some might have come in for your succor? VALIANT. So I did to my King, who I knew could hear me, and afford invisible help, and that was sufficient for me. GREAT. Then said Great-Heart to Mr. Valiantfor-truth, Thou hast worthily behaved thyself; let nme see thy sword. So he showed it him. When he had taken it in his hand, and looked thereon awhile, he said, Ha, it is a right Jerusalem blade. VALIANT FOR-TrRUTIPES SWORD. 443 VALIANT. It is so. Let a man have one of these blades, with a hand to wield it, and skill to use it, and he may venture upon an angel with it. He need not fear its holding, if he can but tell how to lay on. Its edge will nevei blunt. It will cut flesh and bones, and soul, and spirit, and all. Heb. 4: 12. GREAT. But you fought a great while; I wonder you was not weary. VALIANT. I fought till my sword did cleave to my hand; and then they were joined together as if a sword grew out of my arm; and when the blood ran through my fingers, then I fought with most courage. GREAT. Thou hast done well; thou hast resisted unto blood, striving against sin. Thou shalt abide by us, come in and go out with us; for we are thy companions. Then they took him and washed his wounds, and gave him of what they had, to refresh him: and so they went on together. Now, as they went on, because Mr. GreatHeart was.delighted in him, (for he loved one greatly that he found to be a man of his hands,) and because there were in company those that were feeble and weak, therefore he questioned with him about many things; as first, what countryman he was. 444 PILGRI.N'S PROGRESS. VALLINT. I am of Dark-land; for there wau [ born, and there my father and mother are still. GREAT. Dark-land! said the guide; doth not that lie on the same coast with the City of Destruction? VALIANT. Yes, it doth. Now that which caused me to come on pilgrimage was this. We had one Mr. Tell-true come into our parts, and he told it about what Christian had done, that went from the City of Destruction; namely, how he had forsaken his wife and children, and had betaken himself to a pilgrim's life. It was also confidently reported, how he had killed a serpent that did come out to resist him in his journey; and how he got through to whither he intended. It was also told what welcomnoe he had at all his Lord's lodgings, especially when he came to the gates of the Celestial City; for there, said the man, he was received with sound of trumpet by a company of shining ones. He told also how all the bells in the city did ring for joy at his reception, and what golden garments he was clothed with; with many other things that now I shall forbear to relate. In a word, that man so told tihe story of Christian and his travels th}at my heart fell into a burning haste to be gone after him; nor could father or mother sthay - ALI.NT AND GREAT-HLE RT. 44.5 me.'So I got 1irom them. and am come thus far on my way. GREAT. You came in at the gate, did you not? VALIANT. Yes, yes; for -he same mlan also told us, that all would be nothing if we did not beoin to enter this way at the gate. GREAT. Look you, said the guide to Christiana, the pilgrimage of your husband, and what he has gotten tllereby, is spread abroad far and near. VALIANT. Why, is this Christian's wife? GREAT. Yes, that it is; and these also are his four sons. VALIANT. What, and going on pilgrimage too? GREAT. Yes, verily, they are following after. VALIANT. It glads me at the heart. Good man, how joyful will he be when he shall see them that would not go with him, yet to enter after him in at the gates into the Celestial City. GREAT. Without doubt it will be a. comfort to him; for, next to the joy of seeing himself there, it will be a joy to meet there his wife and children. VALIANT. But now you are upon that, pray let me hear your opinion about it. Some make a question whether we shall know one another when we are there. at4 PeT L GR IIM' S~P R110 G ESS. GREAT. Do you think they shall know'f terns selves then, or that they shall rejoice to see them — selves inl that bliss? And if they think they shall know and do this, why not know others, and rejoice in their welfare also? Again, since relations are our second self though that state will be dissolved there, yet why may it not be rationally concluded that we shall be more glad to see themr there than to see they are wanting? VALIANT. Well, I perceive whereabouts you are as to this. Have you any more things to ask me about my beginning to come on pilgrimage? GIREAT. Yes; were your father and mother willing that you should become a pilgrim? VALIANT. 0 no; they used all means imtaginable to persuade me to stay at home. GREAT. Why, what could they say against it? VALIANT. They said it was an idle life; and if I myself were not inclined to sloth and laziness, I would never countenance a pilgrim's condition. GREAT. And what did they say else? VALIANT. Why, they told me that it was a dangerous way; yea, the most dangerous way in the world, said they, is that which the pilgrims go. GRENAT. Did they show you wherein this way is so dangerous? iALIANT AND GREAT-HEART. 447 VALIANT. Yes; and that in many particulars. GREAT. Name some of them.'VALIANT. They told me of the Slough of Despond, where Christian was well-nigh smothered. They told me, that there were archers standing ready in Beelzebub-castle to shoot them who should knock at the Wicket-gate for entrance. They told me also of the wood and dark mountains; of the hill Difficulty; of the lions; and also of the three giants, Bloody-man, Maul, and Slay-good. They said, moreover, that there was a foul fiend haunted the Valley of Humiliation; and that Christian was by him almost bereft of life. Besides, said they, you must go over the Valley of the Shadow of Death, where the hobgoblins are, where the light is darkness, where the way is full of snares, pits, traps, and gins. They told me also of Giant Despair, of Doubting Castle, and of the ruin that the pilgrims met with here. Further they said I must go over the Enchanted Ground, which was dangerous; and that after all this. I should find a river, over which there was no bridge; and that that river did lie betwixt me and the Celestial country. GREAT. And was this all? VALIANT. No. They also told me that this way was full of deceivers, and of persons that lay in wait there to turn' good men out of the path. 1s8 PILGORIM'S P RO ESS. GREAT. But how did they make that out? VALIANT. They told me that Mr. Worldly Wiseman did lie there in wait to deceive. They said also, that there were Formality and Hypocrisy continually on the road. They said also, that By-ends, Talkative, or Demas, would go near to gather me up; that the Flatterer would catch me in his net; or that, with green-headed Ignorance, I would presume to go on to the gate, fomra whence he was sent back to the hole that was in the side of the hill, and made to go the by-way to hell. GREA&T. I promise you this was enough bt, discourage you; but did, they make an end here? VALIANT. No, stay. They told me also of many that had tried that way of old, and tha, had gone a great way therein, te see if they could find something of the glory there that so many had so much talked of from time to time, and how they came back again, and befooled themselves for setting a foot out of doors in that path, to the satisfaction of all the country. And they named several that did so, as Obstinate and Pliable, Mistrust and Timlorous, Turn-away and old AtIheist, with several more; who, they said, had some of them gone far to see what they could find, but not one of them had found so much VALIANT AND GREA.T-ILEART. 449 advantage by going as amounted to the weight of a feather. GREAT. Said they any thing more to dis courage you? VALIXNT. Yes. They told me of one Mr. Fearing, who was a pilgrim, and how he found his way so solitary that he never had a comfortable hour therein; also, that Mr. Despondency had like to have been starved therein: yea, and also (wliclh I had almost forgot) that Christian himself, about whom there has been such a noise, after all his adventures for a celestial crown, was certainly drowned in the Black River, and never went a foot further; however it was smothered up. GREAT. And did none of these things dis.courage you? VALIANT. No; they seemed but as so many nothings to me. GREAT. How came that about? VALIANT. Why, I still believed what Mr. Tell-true had said; and that carried me beyond them all. GREAT. Then this was your victory, even your faith. VALIANT. It was SO. I believed, and therefore came out, got into the way, fought all that set themselves against me, and, by believing, am come to this place. 'g0 PILGRIM'S PROGRE85 "Who would true valor see, Let him come hither; One here will constant be, Come wind, come weather There's no discouragement Shall make him once relent His first avow'd intent To be a pilgrim. Whoso beset him round With dismal stories, Do but themselves confound; His strength the more is. No lion call him fright, He'11 with a giant fight, But he will have a right To be a pilgrim. HIobgoblin nor foul fiend Can daunt his spirit; He knows he at the end Shall life inherit. Then fancies fly away, He'll not fear what men say; He'11 labor night and day To be a pilgrim. By thlb time they were got to the Enclianted Ground, where the air naturally tended to make one drowsy. And that place was all grown over with briers and thorns, excepting here and there, where was an enchanted arbor, upon which if a man sits, or in which if a man sleeps, it is a question, some say, whether ever he shall rise or wake again in this world. Over this forest, therefore, they went, both one and another, and ENCHANT X D G ROU ND. 451 1Mr. Great-H-Ieart went before, for that he was the guide; and Mr. Valiant-for-truth came behind, being rear-guard, for fear lest peradventure some fiend, or dragon, or giant, or thief, should fall upon their rear, and so do mischief. They went on here, each man with his sword drawn in his hand; for they knew it was a dangerous place. Also they cheered up one another as well as they could. Feeble-mind, Mr. Great-Heart commanded should come up after him; and Mr. Despondency was under the eye of Mr. Valiant. Now they had not gone far, but a great mist and darkness fell upon them all; so that they could scarce, for a great while, the one see the other. Wherefore they'were forced, for some time, to feel one for another by words; for they walked not by sight. But any one must think, that here was but sorry going for the best of them all; but how much worse for the women and children, who both of feet and heart were but tender! Yet so it was, that through the encouraging words of him that led in the front, and of him that brought them up behind, they made a pretty good shift to wag along. The way also here was very wearisome, through dirt and slabbiness. Nor was there, on all this ground, so much as one inn or victualling-house 45 1 I!'iM' S P R O G R ES S. wherein to refresh the feebler sort. Here, therefore, was grunting. and puffing, and sighing, while one tunTmbleth over a bush, another sticks fast in the dirt, and the children, some of them, lost their shoes in the mire; while one cries out, I am down; and another, Ho, where are you? and a third, The bushes have got such fast hold on me, I think I cannot get away from them. Then they came at an arbor, warm, and promising much refreshing to the pilgrims; for it was finely wrought above-head, beautified with greens, furnished with benches and settles. It also had in it a soft couch, whereon the weary might lean. This, you must think, all things considered, was tempting; for the pilgrims already began to be fbiled with the badness of the way: but there was not one of them that made so much as a motion to stop there. Yea, for aught I could perceive, they continually gave so good heed to the advice of their guide, and he did so faithfully tell them of dangers, and of the nature of the dangers when they were at them, that usually, when they were nearest to them, they did most pluck up their spirits, and hearten one another to deny the flesh. This arbor was called The Slothful's Friend, and was made on purpose to allure, if it might be, some of the pilgrims there to take up their rest when weary. THE ARPOR. 453 I saw them in my dream, that they went on in this their solitary ground, till they came to a place at which a man is apt to lose his way. Now, though when it was light their guide could well enough tell how to miss those ways that led wrong, yet in the dark he was put to a stand. But he had in his pocket a map of all ways leading to or from the Celestial City; wherefore he struck a light (for he never goes without his tinder.box also), and takes a view of his book or map, which bids him to be careful in that place to turn to the right hand, And had he not been careful here to look in his map, they had all, in probability, been smothered in the mud; for just a little before them, and that at the end of the cleanest way too, Was a pit, none knows. how deep, full of nothing but mud, there made on purpose to destroy the pilgrims in. Then thought I with myself, Who that goeth on pilgrimage but would have one of these maps about him, that he mLay look, when he is at a stand, which is the way he must take? Then they went on in this Enchanted Ground till they came to where there was another arbor, and it was built by the highway-side. And in that arbor there lay two men, whose names were Heedless and Too-bold. These two went thus far on pilgrimage; but here, being wearied with T 4 PILGIM'S PROGR ESS their journey, they sat down to rest themselv'es, and so fell fast asleep. When the pilgrims saw them, they stood still, and shook their heads; for they knew that the sleepers were in a pitiful case. Then they consulted what to do, whether to go on and leave them in their sleep, or to step to them and try to awake them; so they concluded to go to them and awake them, that is, if they could; but with this caution, namely, to take heed that they themselves did not sit down nor embrace the offered benefit of that arbor. So they went in, and spake to the men, and called each by his name, for the guide, it seems, did know them; but there was no voice nor answer. Then the guide did shake them, and do what he could to disturb them. Then said one of them, I will pay you when I take my money. At which the guide shook his head. I will fight so long as I can hold my sword in my hand, said the other. At that, one of the children laughed. Then said Christiana, What is the meaning of this? The guide said, They talk in their sleep. If you strike them, beat them, or whatever else you do to them, they will answer you after this fashion; or, as one of them said in old time, when the waves of the sea did beat upon him, and he slept as one upon the mast of a ship, Prev. 23: 34, 35, When I awake, I will seek it tIEElI)LESS AND TOO-BOLD ASLEEP. 455 yet again. You know, when men talk in their sleep, they say any thing; but their words are not governed either by faith or reason. There is an incoherency in their words now, as there was before betwixt their going on pilgrimage and sitting down here. This, then, is the mischief of it: when heedless ones go on pilgrim.age,'tis twenty to one but they are served thus. For this Enchanted Ground is one of the last refuges that the enemy to pilgrims has; wherefore it is, as you see, placed almost at the end of the way, and so it standeth against us with the more advantage. For when, thinks the enemy, will these fools be so desirous to sit down as when they are weary? and when so like to be weary as when almost at their journey's end? Therefore it is, I say, that the Enchanted Ground is placed so nigh to the land Beulah, and so near the end of their race. Wherefore let pilgrims look to themselves, lest it happen to them as it.has done to these that, as you see, are fallen asleep, and none can awake them. Then the pilgrims desired with trembling to go f rward; only they prayed their guide to strike a light, that they might go the rest of their way by the help of the light of a lantern. So he struck a light, and they went by the help of that through the rest of this way, thouflgh the darkness 4:56 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. was very great. 2 Pet. 1: 19. But the chil. dren began to be sorely weary, and they cried out unto him that loveth pilgrims, to make their way more comfortable. So by that they had gone a little further, a wind arose that drove away the fog, so the air became more clear. Yet they were not off (by much) of the Enchanted Ground; only now they could see one another better, and the way wherein they should walk. Now when they were almost at the end of this ground, they perceived that a little before them was a solemn noise, as of one that was much concerned. So they went on and looked before them: and behold they saw, as they thought, a man upon his knees, with hands and eyes lifted up, and speaking, as they thought, earnestly to one that was above. They drew nigh, but could not tell what he said; so they went softly till he had done. When he had done, he got up, and began to run towards the Celestial City. Then Mr. Great-Heart called after him, saying, Soho, firiend, let us have your company, if you go, as I suppose you do, to the Celestial City. So the man stopped, and they came up to him. But as soon as Mr. Honest saw him, he said, I know this man. Then said Mr. Valiantfor-truth, Prithee, who is it? It is one, said he, that comes from whereabout I dwelt. His STANDE AST ON HIS KNEES. 457 name is Standfast; he is certainly a right good pilgrim. So they came up to one another; and presently Standfast said to old Honest, Ho, father HIonest, are you there? Aye, said he, that I am, as sure as you are there. Right glad am I, said Mr. Standfast, that I have fomlid you on this road. And as glad am I, said the other, that I espied you on your knees. Then Mr. Standfast blushed, and said, But why, did you see me? Yes, that I did, quoth the other, and with iy heart was glad at the sight. Why, what did you think? said Standfast. Think! said old Honest; what could I think? I thought we had an honest man upon the road, and therefore should have his company by and by. If you thought not amiss, said Standfast, how happy am I! But if I be not as I should,'t is I alone must bear it. That is true, said the other; but your fear doth further confirm me that things are right betwixt the Prince of pilgrims and your soul. For he saith, "Blessed is the man that feareth always." Prov. 28: 14. VALIANT. Well but, brother, I pray thee tell us what was it that was the cause of thy being upon thy knees even now-: was it for that some special- mercy laid obligations upon thee; or how? 458 PILGRIM4'S PROGRESS. STAND. Why, we are, as you see, upon tlhe Enchanted Ground; and as I was coming along, I was musing with myself of what a dangerous nature the road in this place was, and how many that had come even thus far on pilgrimage, had here been stopped and been destroyed. I thought also of the nmanner of the death with wVhich this place destroyeth men. Those that die here, die of no violent distemper: the death which such die is not grievous to them. For he that goeth away in a sleep, begins that journey with desire and pleasure. Yea, such acquiesce in the will of that disease. -IoN. Then.Mr. -Ionest interrupting him, said, Did you see the two men asleep in the arbor? STAND. Aye, aye, I saw Heedless and Toobold there; and for aught I know, there they will lie till they rot. Prov. 10: 7. But let me go on with my tale. As I was thus musing, as I said, there was one in very pleasant attire, but old, who presented herself to me, and offered me three things, to wit, her body, her purse, and her bed. Now the truth is, I was both weary and sleepy. I am also as poor as an owlet, and that perhaps the witch knew. Well, I repulsed her one and again, but she put by my repulses, and smiled. Then I legan to be angry; but she Im-attered that nothing at all, Then she mads MADAME BUBBLE'S TEMPTATIONS. 4593 offers again, and said, if I would be ruled by her, she would make me great and happy; for, said she, I am the mistress of the world, and men are made happy by me. Then I asked her name, and she told me it was Madam Bubble. This set me further from her; but she still followed mne with enticements. Then I betook me, as you saw,.to my knees, and with hands lifted up, and cries, I prayed to IIrn that had said he would help. So, just as you came up, the gentlewoman went her way.'Then I continued to give thanks for this my great deliverance; for I verily believe she intended no good, but rather sought to make stop of me in my journey. HON. Without doubt her designs were bad. But stay, now you talk of her, methinks I either have seen her, or have read some story of her. STAND. Perhaps you have done both. HON. Madam Bubble! Is she not a tall, comely dame, sornmewhat of a swarthy complexion? STAND. Right, you hit it: she is just such a one. HIoN. Doth she not speak very smoothly, and give you a smile at the end of a sentence? STAND. You fall right upon it again, for these are her very actions. HON. Doth she not wear a great purse by her side, and is not her hand often in it, fingering hey money, as if that was her heart's delight? 160 PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. STAND.'T is just so; had she stood by all this while, you could not more amply have set her forth before me, nor have better described her features. HON. Then he that drew her picture was a good limner, and he that wrote of her said true. GREAT. This woman is a witch, and it is by virtue of her sorceries that this ground is enchanted. Whoever doth lay his head down in her lap, had as good lay it down on that block over which the axe doth hang; and whoever lay their eyes upon her beauty are counted the enemies of God. This is she that maintaineth in their splendor all those that are the enemies of pilgrims. James 4: 4. Yea, this is she that hath bought off many a man from a pilgrim's life. She- is a great gossiper; she is always, both she and her daughters, at one pilgrim's heels or another, now commending, and then preferring the excellences of this life. She is a bold and impudent slut: she will talk with any man. She always laugheth poor pilgrims;to scorn, but highly commends the rich. If there be one cunning to get money in a place, she will speak well of him from house to house. She loveth banqueting and feasting mainly well;. she is always at one full table or another. She has given it out in some places that she is a goddess, and therefore some MADAME BUBBLE. 461 de wNorship her. She has her time, and open places of cheating; and she will say and avow it, that none can show a good comparable to hers. She promiseth to dwell with children's children, if they will but love her and make much of her. She will cast out of her purse gold like dust in some places and to some persons. She loves to be sought after, spoken well of, and to lie in the bosoms of men. She is never weary of commending her commodities, and she loves them most that think best of her. She will promise to some crowns and kingdoms, if they will but take her advice; yet many hath she brought to the halter, and ten thousand times more to hell. STAND. Oh, said Standfast, what a mercy is it that I did resist her; for whither might she have drawn me! GREAT. Whither? nay, none but God knows whither. But in general, to be sure, she would have drawn thee into many foolish and hurtful lusts, which drown men in destruction and perdition. 1 Tim. 6: 9.'T was she that set Absalom against his father, and Jeroboam against his master.'T was she that persuaded Judas to sell his Lord; and that prevailed with Demas to forsake the godly pilgrim's life. None can tell of the mischief that she doth. She makes variance betwixt rualers and subjects. betwixt parents and T* PILGRIIM'S PROGRESS. children, betwixt neighbor and neighbor, betwixt a man and his wife, betwixt a man and himself betwixt the flesh and the spirit. Wherefore, good Mr. Standfast, be as your name is, and when you have done all, stand. At this discourse there was among the pilgrims a mixture of joy and trembling; but at length they broke out and sang, "What danger is the pilgrim in I How many are his foes I How many ways there are to sin No living mortal knows. Some in the ditch are spoiled, yea, can Lie tumbling in the mire: Some, though they shun the frying-pan Do leap into the fire." After this, I beheld until they were come inti the land of Beulah, where the sun shineth night and day. Here, because they were weary, they betcok themselves a while to rest. And because this country was common for pilgrims, and because the orchards and vineyards that were here belonged to the King of the Celestial country, therefore they were licensed to make bold with any of his things. But a little while soon refreshed them here; for the bells did so ring, and the trumpets continually sound so melodiously, that they could not sleep, and vet they received as much refreshing as if they had slept their sleep TI'En LAND O F B UIEL A. 463 evei so soundly. Here also all the noise of them that walked the streets was, More pilgrims are,oome to town! And another would answer, saying, And so many went over the water, and were let in at the golden gates to-day! They would cry again, There is now a legion of shining ones just conme to town, by which we know that there are more pilgrims upon the road; for here they come to wait for theml and to comfort them after all their sorrow. Then the pilgrims got up, and walked to and fro. But how were their ears now filled with heavenly noises, and their eyes delighted with celestial visions! In this land they heard nothing, saw nothing, felt nothing, smelt nothing, tasted nothing that was offensive to their stomach or mind; only when they tasted of the water of the river over which they were to go, they thought that it tasted a little bitterish to the palate; but it proved sweeter when it was down. In this place there was a record kept of the names of them that had been pilgrims of old, and a history of all the famous acts that they had done. It was here also much discoursed, how the river to some had had its flowings, and what ebbings it has had while others have gone over. It has been in a mnanner dry for some, while it has overflowed its banks for others. 4.oq4 PILGRIM'S PROGRESb. In this place the children of the town would go into the King's gardens, and gather nosegays for the pilgrims, and bring them to them with much affection. Ilere also grew camphire, with spikenard and saffron, calamus and cinnamon, with all the trees of frankincense, myrrh, and aloes, with all chief spices. With these the pilgrims' chambers were perfumed while they stayed here; and with these were their bodies anointed, to prepare them to go over the river, when the time appointed was come. Now, while they lay here, and waited for the good hour, there was a noise in the town that there was a post come from the Celestial City, with matter of great importance to one Christiana, the wife of Christian the pilgrim. So inquiry was made for her, and the house was found out where she was. So the post presented her with a letter. The contents were, HIail, good woman; I bring thee tidings that the Master calleth for thee, and expecteth that thou shouldst stand in his presence in clothes of immortality within these ten days. When he had read this letter to her, he gave her therewith a sure token that he was a true messenger, and was come to bid her mnake haste to be gone. The token was, an arrow with the point sharpened with love, let easily into her CHRISTIANA'S PARTING ADVICE. 465 heart, which by degrees wrought so effecmtually with her, that at the time appointed she must be gone. When Christiana saw that her time was come, and that she was the first" of this company that was to go over, she called for Mr. Great-Heart her guide, and told him how matters were. So he told her he was heartily glad of the news, and could have been glad had the post come for him. Then she bid him that he should give advice how all things should be prepared for her journey. So he told her, saying, Thus and thus it must be. and we that survive will accompany you to the river-side. Then she called for her children, and gave them her blessing, and told them that she had read with comfort the mark that was set in thier foreheads, and was glad to see them with her there, and that they had kept their garments so white. Lastly, she bequeathed to the poor that little she had, and commanded her sons and daughters to be ready against the messenger should come for them, When she had spoken these words to her guide, and to her children, she called for Mr. Valiant-for-truth, and said unto him, Sir, you have in all places showed yourself true-hearted; be faithful unto death, and my King will give you a 31 21 PILGRIikM'S PROGRESS crowl of life. Rev. 2: 10. I would also entreat you to have an eye to my children; and if at any time you see them faint, spetk comfortably to them. For my daughters, my sons' wives, they have been faithful, and a fulfilling of the promise upon them will be their end. But she gave Mr. Standfast a ring. Then she called for old Mr. Honest, and said of him, "Behold an Israelite indeed, in whom is no'uile!" John 1: 47. Then said he, I wish you a fair day when you set out for Mount Sion, and shall be glad to see that you go over the river dry-shod. But she answered, Come wet, come dry, I long to be gone; for however the weather is in:my journey, I shall have time enough when I come there to sit down and rest me and dry me. Then came in that good man Mr. Ready-tohalt, to see her. So she said to him, Thy travel hitherto has been with difficulty; but that will make thy rest the sweeter. Watch, and be ready; for at an hour when you think not, the messenger may come. After him cane Mr. Despondency and his daughter Much-afraid, to whom she said, You ought, with thankfulness, forever to remember your deliverance from the hands of Giant Despairi and out of Doubting Castle. The effect of thai CHRISTIANA'S PARTING ADVICE. 467 mercy is, that you are brought with safety hither. Be ye watchful and cast away fear; be sober, and hope to the end. Then she said to Mr. Feeble-mind, Thou wast delivered from the mouth of Giant Slay-good, that thou mightest live in the light of the living, and see thy King with comfort. Only I advise thee to repent of thine aptness to fear and doubt of his goodness, before he sends for thee; lest thou shouldst, when he comes, be forced to stand before him for that fault with blushing Now the day drew on that Christiana must be gone. So the road was full of people to see her take her journey. But behold, all the banks beyond the river were full of horses and chariots, which were come.lown from above to accompany her to the city gate. So she came forth, and entered the river, with a beckon of farewell to those that followed her. The last words that she was heard to say were, I come, Lord, to be with thee and bless thee! So her children and friends returned to their place, for those that waited fbr Christiana had carried her out of their sight. So she went and called, and entered in at the gate with all the ceremonies of joy that her husband Christian had entered with before her. At her departure, the children wept. But Mr. Great-Heart and Mr. Valiant played upon the well-tuned PILGRIM'S PROGRE SS. cymbal (and harp for joy. So all departed tc their respective places. In process of time there came a post to the town again, and his business was with Mr. Readyto-halt. So he inquired him out, and said, I am come from Him whom thou hast loved and followed, though upon crutches; and my message is to tell thee, that he expects thee at his table to sup with him in his kingdom, the next day after Easter; wherefore prepare thyself for this journey. Then he also gave him a token that he was a true messenger, saying, "I have broken thy golden bowl, and loosed thy silver cord." Eccles. 12: 6. After this, Mr. Ready-to-halt called for his fellow-pilgrims, and told them,-saying, I am sent for, and God shall surely visit you also. So he desired Mr. Valiant to make his will. And because he had nothing to bequeath to them that should survive him but his crutches, and his good wishes, therefore thus he said, These crutches I bequeath to my son that shall tread in my steps, with a hundred warm wishes that he may prove better than I have been, Then he thanked Mr. Great-Heart for his conduct and kindness, and so addressed himself to his journey. When he came to the brink of the river, he said, Now I shall have no more need of these crutches, since FEEBLE- IIND SUMMONED. 469 yonder are chariots and horses for me to ride on. The last words he was heard to say were, Welcome life! So he went his way. After this, Mr. Feeble-mind had tidings brought him that the post sounded his horn at his chamber door. Then he came in, and told hinm, saying, I am come to tell thee that thy Master hath need of thee, and that in a very little time thou must behold his face in brightness. And take this as a token of the truth of my message: "' Those that look out at the windows shall be darkened." Eccles. 12: 3. Then Mr. Feeble-mind called for his friends, and told them what errand had been brought unto him, and what token he had received of the truth of the message. Then he said, since I have nothing to bequeath to any, to what purpose should I make a will? As for my feeble mind, that I will leave behind me, for that I shall have no need of in the place whither I go, nor is it worth bestowing upon the poorest pilgrims: wherefore, when I am gone, I desire that you, Mr. Valiant, would bury it in a dunghill. This done, and the day being come on which he was to depart, he entered the river as the rest. Htis last words were, Hold out, faith and patience! So he went over to the other side. When days had many of them passed awayj Mr. Despondency was sent for; for a post wa. t-hO PILGRIM'S PROGRESS come, and brought this message to him: Tremul bling man! these are to summon thee to be ready with the KLing by the next Lord's day, to shout for joy for thy deliverance from all thy doubtings. And, said the messenger, that my message is true, take this for a proof: so he gave him a grasshopper to he a burden unto him. Ecclesiastes 12: 5. Now Mr. Despondency's daughter, whose name- was Much-afraid, saidl when she heard what was done, that she would go with her father. Then Mr. Despondency said to his friends, Myself and my daughter, you lmoxv what we have been, and how troublesoimry we have behaved ourselves in every company. My will and my daughter's is, that our desponds andi slavish fears be by no man ever received, from the day of our departure, forever; for I know that after my death they will offer themselves to others. For, to be plain with you, they are ghosts which we entertained when we first began to be pilgrims, and could never shake them off after; and they will walk about, and seek entertainment of the pilgrims: but for our sakes, shut the doors upon them. When the time was come for them to depart, they went up to the brink of the river. The last words of Mr. Despondency were, Farewell, night; welcome, day! ]Htis V ALIANT SUAI.M3ON E ID 471 iaughter went through the river singing, but none could understand what she said. Then it camne to pass a while after, that there was a post in the town that inquired for Mr. Honest. So he camne to the house where he was, and delivered to his hand these lines: Thou art commanded to be ready against this day sevennight, to present thyself before thy Lord at his LFather's house. And for a token that my message is true, "'All the daughters of music shall be brought low." Eccles. 12: 4. Then Mr. Honest called for his friends, and said unto them,, I die, but shall make no will. As for Jmy honesty, it shall- go with me; let him that comes after be told of this. When the day that he wvas to be gone was come, he addressed himself to go over the river. Now the river at that time overflowed its banks in some places; but Mr. Honest, in his lifetime, had spoken to one Good-conscience to meet him there, the which he also did, and lent him his hand, and so helped him over. The last words of Mi\r. Honest were. Grace reignsr So he left the world. After this it was noised abroad that Mr. aaliant-for-truth was taken with a summons by the same post as the other, -and had this for a token that lthe sumnlmons was true, "1C That hlis pitcher was broken at the fountain." Ecel. 12' ~.t 472 $PILGRIM'S PR'lOGRESS. When he understood it, he called for his frields, and told them of it. Then said he, I am going to my Father's; and though with great difficulty I have got hither, yet now I do not repent me of all the trouble I have been at to arrive where I am. My sword T give to him that shall succeed me in my pilgrimage, and my courage and skill to him that can get it. My marks and scars I carry with me, to be a witness for me that I have fought His battles who will now be my rewarder. When the day that he must go hence was come, many accompanied him to the river-side, into which as he went, he said, "Death, where is thy sting?" And as he went down deeper, he said, "Grave, where is thy victory?" 1 Cor. 15: 55. So he passed over, and all the trumpets sounded for him on the other side. Then there came forth, a summons for Mr. Standfast. This Mr. Standfast was he whom the rest of the pilgrims found upon his knees in the Enchanted Ground. And the post brought it him open in his hands: the contents thereof were, tha't he must prepare for a change of life, for his Master was not willing that he should be so far from him any longer. At this Mr. Standfast was put into a muse. Nay, said the messenger, you need not doubt of the truth of my STANDFAST S LAST WORDS. 475,ldessage; for here is a token of the truth thereof,'Thy wheel is broken at the cistern." Eccles. 12: 6. Then he.alled to him Mr. Great-Heart, who was their guide, and said unto him, Sir, although it was not my hap to be much in your good company during the days of my pilgrimage, yet, since the time I knew you, you have been profitable to me. When I came from home, I left behind me a wife and five small children; let me entreat you, at your return, (for I know that you go and return to your Ma-ster's house, in hopes that you may yet be a conductor to more of the holy pilgrims,) that you send to my family, and let them be acquainted with all that hath and shall happen unto me. Tell thenm moreover of my happy arrival at this place, and of the present and late blessed condition I am in. Tell them also of Christian and Christiana his wifh, and how she and her children came after her husband. Tell them also of what a happy end she made, and whither she is gone. I have little or nothing to send to my family, unless it be prayers and tears for them; of which it will suffice that you acquaint them, if peradventure they may prevail. When Mr. Standfast had thus set things in order, and the time being come for him to haste him away, he also went down to the civer. Now there was a great calm at that timQ 47:I PIT,. I, tS I P RO G ESS. in the riverl where'fore Adr. Standfiast, when he wxas about haltf-wlay in, stood a while, and talked with lhis companions that had waited upon him thither. And he said, This river has been a terror to many; yea, the thoughts of it also have often frightened me; but now methinks I stand easy; my foot is fixed upon that on which the feet of the priests that bare the ark of the covenant stood while Israel went over Jordan. Josh. 3: 17. The waters indeed are to the palate bitter, and to the stomach cold; yet the thoughts of what I amn going to, and of the convoy that waits for mle on the other side, do lie as a glowing coal at my heart. I see myself now at the end of my journey; my toilsome days are ended. I am going to see that head which was crowned with thorns, and that face which was spit upon for me. I have formerly lived by hearsay and faith; but now I go where I shall live by sight, and shall be with hinm in whose company I delight tmyself. I have loved to hear my Lord spoken of; and. wherever I have seen the print of his shoe in the earth, there I have coveted to set my foot too. His name has been to me as a civet-box; yea, sweeter than all perfumes. His voice to mne has been most sweet, and his countenance I have more desired than they that have most desired the light of the sun. His words I did use to THE AUTHOR'S FAREWELL. 475 gather for my food, and for antidotes against my faintings. HI-e hath held me, and hath kept, me firom mine iniquities; yea, my steps hath he strengthened in his way. Now, while he was thus in discourse, his countenance changed; his strong man bowed under him-k: and after he had'said, Take me, for I come unto thee, le ceased to be seen of them. But glorious it was to see how the open region was filled with horses and chariots, with trumpeters and pipers, with singers and players upon stringed instruments, to welcome the pilgrims as they went up, and followed one another in at the beautiful gate of the city. As for Christiana's children, the four boys that Christiana brought, with their wives and children, I did not stay where I was till they were gone over. Also, since I came away, I heard one say that they were yet alive, and so would be for the increase of the church, in that place where they were, for a time. Should it be my lot to go that way again, I may give those tnat desire it an account of what I here am silent about: meantime I bid my reader FAR EWEL L. THE END.