REPORT
OF THE
SURVEY OF THE NORTHII AND NORTHWEST LAKES:
BY CAPTo GEORGE G. MEADE,
CORPS OF TOPOGRAPHICAL ENGINEERS,
BEING APPENDIX I
OF THE
REPORT OF THE CHIEF TOPOGRAPHICAL ENGINEER,
ACCOMPANYING ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
SECRETARY OF WAR,
185s.
WASHINGTON:
PRINTED BY LEMUEL TOWERS.
1859.
e
I
K it
-0 
, k
~
- t)
,    I 
!,tI  k- -,
I
I
I
I
I
I
i
4 
IHEPORT.
APPENDIX I.
UNITED STATES SURVEYING STEA]MER SEAIRCHi,
Tfuncler SBay, ~Lake hIuron, October 9, 1858.
Sin: Inr compliance with the "General Regulations of the Army of
June 1, 1857, par. 1224," I have the honor to submit the following
report of the progress during the past year, of the survey of the north
and northwest lakes, together with an estimate of the amount required
for the further prosecution of the work.
I shall adhere, in this report, to the plan adopted in the last annual
report as the one best calculated to show the character and progress
of the work, of dividing it into the following heads:
I. Office work, including the reduction and engraving of charts.
II. Field operations of the current season.
III. Proposed plan of future operations, with estimates.
Ofce Woe,k.
Under this head I shall confine myself to a brief summary of the
work executed by the several parties in the office during the past
winter and spring.
Off-sorc ]ydrograiphy.-The soundings made by the steamer Search
in the upper portion of Saginaw bay were projected, under my direc tion, by Assistants J. A. Potter and Wmi. Casgrain, on a scale of
PUTT, making a slheet 1,152 square inches of hydrography.  This
sheet proves the bay to have been well sounded, and delineates very
clearly the several channels and shoals.  Assistants Potter and Cas.,grain also drew an outline chart of the lower portion of the same bay,
on a scale of, for use in the field this season.
N ydrography and Topograp oy of S/Iore-line.
Assistant Ilearding's party, consisting of Assistants J. Forster, J.
Beghein, and O. AlI. Chaffee, projected their work of the preceding
season on the following maps:
One sheet from Point aux Barques to the light-louse.....  scale T,r
Two sheets from Point aux Barques to Oak Point........scale T*
One sheet of the Huana Kissee marsh..................scale T,,
One sheet of the Maumee river..................... scale TT
Part of the reduced chart of Mlaumnee bay...............scale,
The above sheets in all included 2,024 square inches of minute topography and hydrography.
Assistant G. W. Lamson, together with Assistants D. F. Hienry and
A. Lamson, projected the following maps:
/
,-1
AkI
i, 
4
Four sheets of the shore-line of Saginaw bay, extending from Towas
river to near the Pinnecawling river, each on a scale of mIa.
One sheet middle channel St. MDIary's river, scale IV.   These
several sheets included 3,156 square inches of topography and dydrography.
Assistant II. C. Penny, together with Assistant TI. Gillman, proijected their work in two sheets on a scale of',  and included in
them that portion of the shore-line of Saginaw bay from Sand Point
to near the I-uana Kissee marsh, and containing 2,511 square inches
of topography and hydrography. The areas covered by these sheets
and their location can be readily seen by an inspection of the sketch
of Saginaw bay, accompanying this report, where the several sheets
are included in the field-work of the several parties in 1857.
P)imary Trianqulation..-Second Lieutenant  0. M. Poe, Topographical Engineers, computed the reductions, for inclination of tubes,
to the base-line measurement; also, the approximate elevation of the
base-line above the sea level by the comparison of four months' barometric observations at Land Point  and Blackwell's island, New
York, the latter having been furnished the survey through the courtesy of Jas. Green, esq., of New York, and Dr. Sanger of the island.
Ihaving, obtained the final reduction of the base, Lieutenant Poe discussed and reduced the angles observed, and computed the sides of
the triangles; and on being furnished with the latitude and longitude
of the observatory at Land Point, computed the geodetic positions of
all the points of the triangulation.  In all or most of these computations hlie was assisted by Brevet Second Lieutenant W. P. Smith, Topographlical Engineers.
As troncmical Com pu'ations.-Second Lieutenant Turnbull, Topographical Engineers, and Assistant Jas. Carr, computed all tihe observations for latitude made at Sand Point with the zenith telescope.
Lieutenant Turnbull having been withdrawn from the survey, temporarily, the observations for longitude made at the same place on the
moon and moon culminating stars were placed by me for comnputation in the hands of Professor George B. Bond of Cambridge observatory; and having transmitted a copy of these observations to the
Bureau of Topographical Engineers, they were given for computation
to professor James Major of the Washington Observatory. I take this
occasion to express the indebtedness of the survey to both these distinguished gentlemen for their accurate computations. A slight differ:ence was found in the final result as reported by each, due to the
relative weight given by them to the observations made at Greenwich
with the alt-azimuth instrument.
Where corrections were given for the tabulated right ascension of
the moon, by both the alt-azimuth and transit-circle, Professor Bond
took the mean of the two corrections; Professor Major, on the other
hand, only employed the corrections as given by the alt-azimuth on
those nights when the moon was not observed with the transit-circle.
In addition to this cause Professor lMajor's result was affected by the
introduction of three comparisons with corresponding observations
made at the Washington Observatory. A mean of both results was
4
i AL 
5
taken as the longitude of the observatory.  In the Appendix A will
be found the report of Second Lieutenant Turnbull, giving the final
result both for latitude and longitude of the observatory, which quantities are latitude 43~ 54' 49".79 north, and longitude 5A. 33m. 22s.976
west of Greenwich.
It was my anxious desire in the spring, before taking the field, to
obtain the longitude of the observatory at Detroit, by telegraphic
connexion with some well determined observatory. The instruments,
however, designed to be employed in this operation not arriving in
time, the project had to be postponed to a more favorable period,
which I am in hopes will be early in the coming winter.
Reduetion and engraving of the flal charts.
Since my last report there have been reduced and transmitted to
the bureau for engraving the following charts:
One chart, part of St. Mary's river, from its head in Lake Superior
to the East Neebish rapids, scale -T,
One chart, part of St. Mary's river, from the East Neebish rapids
to Lime island, scale -,
One chart, M3aumee bay and river, scale m.
One chart, Agate harbor, Lake Superior, scale E.
These charts have been drawn and reduced in the office at Detroit
by Assistant J. Mueller, assisted by Assistant P. C. Rabaut.
In addition to the charts mentioned above as completed and transmitted for engraving, Assistant,IMueller has made considerable progress on the final chart of Saginaw bay, scale Tl-l-,; and Assistant
Rabaut has been engaged on the charts of Eagle river harbor and
Ontonagon harbor, Lake Superior.
A list of the charts hitherto published-those now being engraved
and those in course of reduction for engraving-is herewith given,
that it may be compared with similar lists published from year to
year.
CAa rts published   rior  to October 1, 1SS57.
Lake Erie, scale'.
West end of Lake Erie, scale  TKelley's and Bass islands, scale,,  (preliminary.)
Straits of Mackinaw, scale T'.
Beaver islands and north shore of Lake Michigan, scale'
Head of Green bay, scale P          (preliminary.)
Sketch of East Neebish rapids, scale TT, (preliminary.)
St. Clair delta, scale,   (preliminary.)
Buffalo harbor, scale a
Saginaw river, mouth and bar, scale,(preliminary.)
Charts published during the past year.
Hiarbor of Towas, scale, SY, (preliminary.)
Eagle harbor, Lake Superior, scale',  (-reliminary.)
Agate harbor, Lake Superior, scale 5 o0o o, preliminary.), 
Charts now in the hands of the engravers,
First part of St. Mary's river, scale4 0-0 -'
Second part of St. Mary's river, scale 4- - lo6
Maumee river and bay, Lake Erie, scale3  0-o o-0
Chlarts now being redued in the offee.
Ontonagon harbor, Lake Superior, scale o —, (preliminary.)
Eagle river harbor, Lake Superior, scale 5-010 o, (preliminary.)
Saginaw bay, scale 1 2 0 0 0 o.
Charity islands and Wild Fowl bay, scale 30 1, (preliminary.)
Charts the datafor whiAel have been obtained itn thfeldd.
Thunder bay and Harbor of Refuge.
Harbors of Presque Isle, False Presque Isle and iliddle island,
Lake Huron.
Of the published charts there have been, during the past year, distributed gratuitously to owners and masters of vessels, applying at the
office in Detroit, 1,675 copies of the different charts. The practice has
recently been adopted, having been sanctioned by the Bureau of Topograp,hical Engineers, of issuing the charts to the vessel or owner, and not
to thie master, as has been the custom previously. This practice was
adopted owing to the frequent renewal of application from the same
vessel for charts, on the ground of change of master. It has also been
found necessary to require applicants for charts to produce the customhouse papers belonging to thie vessel as evidence of its existence, there
have been good reasons to believe that charts had been drawn in the
name of vessels that could not afterwards be ascertained had any
real existence.  The demand for these charts continues very great.
Daily applications are made at the office, requiring the services of
one assistant to meet them, and rendering it extremely difficult to
have the charts printed as rapidly as they are issued. I have, in a
special report to the bureau, recommended that a nominal price be
put upon these charts, just sufficient to cover the cost of paper and
printing, and the experiment tried of ascertaining if, after the Government has once encountered the heavy outlay of collecting the data
and engraving the chart, whether they cannot be made to pay for the
printing by selling them.  I am quite satisfied, from my experience,
that such an arrangement would be perfectly satisfactory to those who
really appreciate these charts and want them for use.
The foregoing is a succinct account of the work executed in the
office during the past year. The force retained during the winter, on
account of their special knowledge and services, were actively employed in repairs and alterations to the camp equipage, steamers,
boats, &c., and such other matters requiring attention preparatory to
resuming the field work; also in affording the usual attendance on
the offices, the observatory, and as watchmen on the steamers and at
the public warehouse where the property belonging to the work is
stored for the winter.
6
4
I 
7
Fielcd operations of the present season.
Prior to taking the field, a project of operation was submitted to
and approved by the bureau, embracing in general terms the extension of the survey of Saginaw bay, to include the whole of Lake
Hiuron.  This plan was deemed more consistent with judicious econo my than to complete the survey of Saginaw bay with a portion of
the force, and detach the remainder to a more distant field.
So soon as the character of the season justified, six parties were
organized as follows:
Off-shlore-hydrography, primary triangulations, astronomical and
magnetic observations, and three for the shore-line topography and
hydrog,raplhy. The results produced by each of these parties, to in clude the 30th of September, will be briefly recapitulated in succession.
Of-shoe hyclrogiytl)Ity.-This portion of the work was directed by
myself, on the steamer Search.  It was selected for my personal share
of the work in consequence of its affording me a freer movement,
thus enabling me to discharge the duties of superintendent and disbursing agent.
The steamer was placed in commission towards the close of April.
The first duty performed was the search for, and discovery of, a shoal
near Aiiddle Island, Lake Erie, the existence of which had been reported to the office. The necessary examinations were made, the
work connected with the survey of Lake Erie, and this shoal is now
placed on the published charts of this section.
After executing the above duty, the steamer proceeded to Lake
George, St. Mary's river, leaving on the way a topographical party
at Thunder bay, the Department of War having placed me on Board
of Engineers to examine the channels of that lake.  The board were
occupied several days in making the required examinations, aid in
drawing up the report, in which duty the steamer and party on board
rendered valuable aid.
An experiment was then made to get a view over one of the lines
of the large triangle projected by Capt. J. N. Macoiib, Topographical Engineers, for the correction of the survey of St. Mary's river.  I
regret, however, to report the experiment was not successful, the
flash of a heliotrope at one station not being visible from the other.
After visiting Taquamenon bay, Lake Superior, to withdraw from
thence some public property belonging to the survey, the steamer
returned to Detroit and was occupied for some weeks placing parties
in the field and erecting stations for the triangulation of Saginaw bay.
Early in June the deep soundings of Saginaw bay was commenced
and continued till the whole bay had been sounded.  The work was
also extended to the Lake Huron shores, some fifteen miles  above
Saginaw bay, and some forty-five miles below, as far as Forestville.
Thunder bay-, also, with adjacent portions of the Lake Ihuron coast
has been sounded out.
In the Ap-pendix B. No. 1 wvill be foundcl a summary of the steamner's
work. Over 1,500 square miles of hlydrography have been executed,
requiring 2,23S miles of lines to be sounded.
or
-- -A -- --- 
8
The soundings are of sufficiently minute a character to preclude the
possibility of any obstacles to navigation escaping the lead. They
have been carried out to an average distance from the shore of nine
miles, and to an average depthl of of thirty fathoms, commencing at
the four fathoms curve, to which the work of the shore parties is
limited.  In addition to the work of sounding above reported, the
steamer has been employed in transferring chronometers for differences of longitude, in visiting and moving parties, and in various
other duties, requiring it to have run, as will be seen by the statemenit in the Appendix B. No. 1, from April 25 to September 30, over
8,000 miles in all; evidence of the active manner it has been employed. MlTy assistants in the above duties have been for the whole
time Assistant J. A. Potter, and for portions of the time Assistant
I). F. Hienry and O. 1I. Chaffe. My thanks are due to each of these
gentlemen for the efficient manner they have aided me in the work.
P         rinzry?/i-angculaton. —This branch of the survey was placed
under the charge of 2d Lieutenant O. M. Poe, Topographical Engineers, assisted by Brevet 2d Lieutenant AW. P. Smith, Topographical
Engineers.  In order to extend the triangulation of Saginaw bay to
include the line Point au Sable, Point aux Barques, it was found
necessary to erect seations at each of these points, of greater altitude
than had ever before been attempted on the survey-the estimated
distance between these points being over twenty-seven miles.  Lieutenant Poe was therefore directed to erect at Point aux Barques a station upon a plan suggested by himself, having a centre post of 100 feet
in height, on which the instrument stood, surrounded by a platform
for the observer —the platform being sustained by a pyramidical framework, distinct and not touching the centre post.  The novelty of this
design consisted in the centre post, which was composed of four sticks
of timber, scarfed to make the whole length, forming a rectangular
pyramid of eight feet base, and coming together at the top so as to
form  one post.  These were braced together on the four sides by
horizontal and diagonal braces, in sections arranged in such a manner
that the diagonals crossed at right angles.  The whole post was then
additionally braced by two sets of braces, one from the ground resting against the post fifity feet from the bottom-the other resting
against the post seventy-live feet from the bottom, with the feet set
into the lower braces.  The platform pyramid was carried up above
the platform to its vertex, 36 feet in height and surmounted by
a pole with a Sand's heliotrope, which stood 169 feet above the water
level.
Lieutenant Poe, at Point au Sable, erected a station upon a plan
devised by hiinself, with a centre post of 82 feet in height.  The plan
was similar to the one heretofore used upon the survey, except in the
idea of splicing the centre post and adding a set of braces, which,
putting against the top of the post, rested on the next set below.
I have been thus naillute in describing these stations because I am
not aware that lines of sight for a triangulation, by artificial structures
of wood, have ever been secured over as great distances as we have
succeeded in effecting in Saginaw bay.
-- 
9
Lieutenant Poe, having successfully erected both these stations,
was unfortunately attacked withl serious illness just as he was preparing to commence observing.  The condition of his health requiring
his withdrawal from active duty, I assigned Assistant James Carr to
the clharge of the trian,gulation.  Assistant Carr was furnished with a
10-inch repeating theodolite, by Gamnbey, and a new 10-inch theodolite, by WVurdemann, both being repeating instruments and of superior character.
Owing to the difficulty experienced of obtaining satisfactory observations over lines of such great length, across water, assistant Carr
was occupied during the whole balance of the season in completing
thle few triangles of Saginaw bay, not obtained the previous year, he
having heliotropes of the most approved pattern, flashed from each
station between which the angle was required.  Appendix B No. 2
contains the amount of work executed by Assistant Carr to September 30.  It was found impracticable to extend the triangulation beyond the line, "Point au Sable," "Point aux Barques,'" owing to the
character of the shores of Lake Huron.
From Point aux Barques to the head of the St. Clair river the coast
is comparatively straight, flat, and densely wooded, with a few
scattering settlements on the immediate bankls of the lake.  To
attempt to carry a triangulation of any proportions along this coast
would have involved the cutting, out of almost every line of sight
throughout its whole lengthl, and erection of stations of maximum
elevations at each point.  This would have required the labor of
years, and consumed very nearly the whole appropriation of the
survey. Such considerations, of course, precluded any such attempt.
Under the circumstances it was determined to connect the survey of
the shore-line by such minor triangulations as the character of the
ground permitted, and to establish astronoumical bases, by selecting
points at convenient distances, the latitude of which should be determined with the utmost precision, and their differences of longiitude
with the principal meridian at Sand Point observed with all the accuracy the instruments furnished the survey rendered practicable.
In pursuance of thlis plan a base will be measured in the vicinity of
the head of the St. Clair river, and a triangulation carried froml thence
up Lake I-turon as far as the approachmient of the Canadian shore will
admit of lines of sight.  An astronomical station has been established
at Fort Gratiot and at Forrestville, and some intermediate point between Forrestville and Point aux Barques will also be selected here after.  To the northward of Saginaw bay the character of the coast is
more favorable.
In Thunder bar a triangulation of good proportions is attainable,
which can be carried by means of:NMiddle island as far as False Pres que Isle. To connect this triangulation with that of Saginaw bay, an
intermediate station has been astronomically occupied at Sturgeon
Point, from which point both Point au Sab)le of the Saginaw trianglu lation and Thunder Bay island are visible. A station of maximum eleva tion being erected at Sturgeon Point, the azimuth from Point an Sable
(25 miles distant) is obtained by direct observation, and the latitude
__z 
10
t eing observed.  The longitude from the principal meridian at Sand
Point is deduced by computation from the data above and assumed
proportions of the earth as to sphiericity.  In the same manner a transfer is effected to the station at Thunder Bay island, (distant from Sturgeon Point 25 nmiles;) and there is every reason to believe the process
can be extended to Prcsque Isle, 30 miiles beyond, and possibly to
near Station 3iAlast, the last station of the Straits of -Iackinac work. As
a further test, the difference of longitude between the principal iileridlian at Sand Point and the station at Thunder Bay island has been
carefully obtained by exchange of chronometers.
Thie triangulation of Thunder bay has been commenced by Assistant
G. W. Lamson. A base of over two miles in length, over favorable
ground, has been selected and the line of sight opened.  Station,s had
been erected at most of the points when Assistant Lamson's party was
broken up, in consequence of a fewer appearing in his camp assuming an epidemic form.  Assistant Lamson, however, will return to
the field with another party, organized on board the steam Surveyor,
and it is expected that he will complete the prelimininarv measureiment of the base line, withl the woodenii rod apparatus belonging to
the survey, and that he will be enabled to observe all the angles
necessary to extend the triangulation above the Thunder Bay islands,
connecting with Assistant Penny.  The triangulation above and below:Iiddle island has been executed by Assistant II. C. Penny,
from  a preliminary base measured on the main  shore, abreast of
3~iddle island.
Along that portion of the coast extending from Sturgeon Point to
Thunder- bay there are appearances of a l)rolken and elevated country
some distance inland, presumed to be the dividing rid,ges between the
waters of Black, Devil, and Thunder bay rivers.  This sect.ion of
count y is a perfect wilderness, of whichll little seems known, at least
it has not been found practicable to obtain any definite information in
regard to it.  Circuinstances have prevented a reconnaissance being
made of this section this season, as a proper reconnaissance will, flrom
its wild character, be the work of both time and monley.  It is my
purpose, however, to have such an examination made as I am led to
hope, fromn what I have seen, that there is a probability that the Saginaw trianfgilation by means of this elevated legion, may be extended
over Thunder bay, and possibly by means of elevations reported near
Presque Isle, be connected with the triangulation of the Straits of
lIackiinaw.  In the meantime, until this question can be solved, the
metiiodi above described have beeii resorted to, whi(ih, though wantin  iii the extreme precision of a great triaigtulation, are yet sufficierntly accurate for the practical purpose of piroclducig charts of great
v-alue to navigators, by whom they are so eagerly and ulnceasingly
sought.
A,st,vonomical  Ob8ervations.
The foregoing account of the triangulation will afford some insight
into the astronomical operatiois of the season.  In order to carry out
thle plan there referred to, Lieu,tenant Turnbull, Topographlical Engi
'i
16 
11
neers, assisted by Assistant James Carr, was, early in June, placed in
position at Forrestville, Lake Huron.
Lieutenant Turnbull was furnished with a new transit, by Wurdeman, and a new zenith telescope, by the same maker, four sidereal
chronometers and an electric clock and chronograph, made by William 
Bond & Sons, of Boston.  It is not deemed necessary to give a minute
description of the chronograph with the sl)rinn governor, as i_
by that distinguished astronomer Professor W. C. Bond, director of
the Cambridge Observatory.  This will be found in detail in several
scientific works, particularly in the reports of the United States Coast
Survey. I feel justified, however, in bearing testimony to the simplicity and accuracy of the working of the instrument and its adaptability to field work.  The clock and chronograph have this season
been set apart for different stations, requiring no more care in their
adjustm,ent and handling than should be given to any instrument having pretensions to delicacy. Lieutenant Turnbull and myself, by the
authority of the W~ar Department, visited Boston early last spring to
receive these instruments and be instructed in their management and
use. It affords me great pleasure to take this opportunity of returning the thanks of Lieutenant Turnbull and myself to Professor Bond
and his sons for their kindness and courtesy so liberally extended
towards us on this occasion.
At Forestville, Lieutenant Turnbull determined the latitude by observations with the zenith telescope, and made such observations for
longitude as his length of stay and the character of the weather permitted.  The absolute difference of longitude between the station at
Forestville and the principal meridian at Land Point was made by
the careful exchange of the four chronometers twelve times between
each station, the clock remaining in position at Forestville, rated by
the observations there.  The results of the several comnarisons accorded very well with each other. 
After completing the observations at Forestville, Lieutenant Turnbull was transferred to Thunder Bay island, the latitude and difference
of longitude of which was determined in a manner precisely similar
to the Forestville station.
Sturgeon Point, a station intermediate between Thunder Bay island
and Point ant Sable, was next occupied by Lieutenant Turnbull, at
which position the latitude and true meridian were determined. The
last point occupied by Lieutenant Turnbull is in the vicinity of Fort
Gratiot, at the head of the Saint Clair river, where, it is expected,
before the close of the season, he will have determined the latitude
and the difference of longitude with the Forestville station. Ile will
also make such observations on the moon and moon culminating stars
for the absolute longitude of the station as the weather during his
stay will permit.
The season has been, on the whole, favorable for astronomical observations, as will be seen in the abstract of Lieutent Turnbull's work,
contained in the Appendix, (B, No. 3.)
In executing this duty after the withdrawal of Assistant Carr,
Lieutenant Turnbull was assisted by Brevet Second Lieutenant W. P.
Smith, Topographical Engineers.
I 
12
laygnetic Observations.
Lieutenant Turnbull having reported that his duties as chief of the
astronomical party prevented (from want of time) his making the
magnetic observations, I assigned Brevet Second Lieutenant W. P.
Smith to his party for the special purpose of attending to this duty.
-,,  This was done prior to the transfer of Assistant Carr; afterwards
'  LieuTenant Smith discharged the duty of assistant to the astronomical
party, and at the same time observed with the magnetic instruments.
These instruments were a portable declinometer, with detached theo      dolite for the determination of the declination and magnetic intensity      made by Jones, of London-and a dip-circle, by Barrow. Both these
instruments were new, having been recently imported. The decli      nometer, from the delicacy of its construction and the sensitivenless of
its magnets, is mnore calculated for a fixed observatory than for field
observations.  It was originally designed to furnish the party in the
field with a Fox dip-circle, an instrument portable and easily nmanipu      lated, with which the magnetic elements can be readily obtained with
a degree of accuracy sufficienlt for the purposes of the survey.  Such
an instrument was ordered, but had not been received on taking the
field.  It is intended on its arrival to confine the observations with
the declinometer to the Detroit observatory, and to compare with it,
before going into and on returning from the field, the Fox dip, so that
the observations made with the latter instrument for the intensity,
and which are only comparative, may be reduced, and the exact in      tensities ascertained.
The absolute magnetic elements have been obtained by Lieutenant
Smith at the four astronomical stations, and it is expected hlie will
occupy several more points before the close of the season.
I feel it due to Lieutenant Smnith to bear testimony to his zeal and
energy, ail to the commendable perseverance with which he over      came all the difficulties of the declinometer-an instrument of not
very easy manipulation to an experienced observer, and taxing ex      ceedingly the patience.  An abstract of Lieutenant Smith's work will
be found in the Appendix, marked B, No. 4.
Shore-l7ne ToporTaphy an cl Iydrograv2y.
Three parties for this duty were organized early in the spring, and
posted in succession on the shores of Lake iuron.  The first under
the charge of Assistant G. W. Lamson, having as assistants 3iessrs.
D. F. Henry and A. Lamson, left Detroit on the 8th of A[ay, and were
placed in camp at Thunder bay.  Assistant Lamson was directed to
commence the survey of Thunder bay, some four miles above the
light-house, and to extend his work to the south, embracing in his
hydrography the four fathom curve. He was also directed to make
examinations for a base line, and the projective of a scheme of triangles extending therefrom.  Up to this date Assistant Lamnson has executed the survey as above directed, embracing an extent of fifty-three
miles of shore-line, and had selected the ground for a base, and commenced the triangulation when his party was broken up by sickness,
as mentioned in a previous part of the report.  Appendix L, No. 5,
I 
13
contains the reported details of Assistant Lamson's work for the
season, wliich- may be briefly stated as 100 square miles of topography
and hydrc)rgraphy, and 812 miles of lines of soundings.  The survey
of Assistant Lamson has developed the existence of several very comnmodious and secure harbors of refiuge in and around Thunder bay,
and prov es this estuary to be of much more value and importance than
was before generally known.  Thunder Bay river was found to have
a practicable channel of seven feet of water.  All these facts it is of
the highest importance to make public, for tlhongli they are not
claimed as discoveries, being mostly kinown to a   lfew fishei'rmen and
coasters, yet the knowledge of them is confined to this limited class,
whereas their publication through the charts of the survey will make
them extensively known, rendering them of great value to vessels
passing alone the coast the mnain channel of communication between
3uffalo and Chicago.
The second party placed in the field was under the charge of Assistant AV. it. Ilearding, and consisted, besides himself, of Assistants
J. C. Beg'hein and 0. N. Chaffee.  Assistant  HTeardin, v;as directed
to resLueic the survey of the Lake Huron shore at the point near Point
aux Barli-es light-house where it terminated the year previous, and
to extend the same in the direction of the St. Clair river.  At the
present date, Assistant Ilearding has reached wiitlin twent-v-three
miles of tile river, having surveyed over fifty-onTe miles of the shore,
and included in his work sixty-five square miles of hydroraphy, and
twenty-eighlt square miles of topography.  This survey includes many
settlements rapidly growing into importance, such as Lexiii,gton, Bark
Shanty, Forestville, &C., &c.  Assistant Ilearding reports many portions of this coast as steep and rocky, and in places so precipitous
that no l!-ding could be found for small boats for miles.  Appendix
B, No. 6, contains the general summary of Assistlant  liear.dings's
work.  It is due to this party to state that Assistant 0. N. Chaffee
was withdrawn for one month to assist in the offi-shore lyro-riaphy.
The thid  party in the field was placed at Presque Isle, Lake Huron,
under the citarge of Assistant II. C. Penny, with Ass'si,sants It. Gillman and Wiiiiaui Casgrain.  Assistant Penny commenced, about the
14th of 87 the survey of the shore of Lake I-Itiuron so,-ie fi've miles
above Pres-;ue Isle, and extended it south till hlie connected at Thunder bay wvh-iti the work of Assistant Lamson, whiclh junc]-ction was effected ealy in August.   ie was then transferred to the vicinity of
the Sable river, and, resuming the work of 1856, extended towards
the north till a junction was effected with Assistant Larsou's work at
Thunder bay.  This Assistant Penny has already effected, thus completing, in conjunction with the other parties, the survey of Lake
Huron fibin above Presque Isle to within twenty-tlihree miles of the
St. Claii river.  Assistant Penny measured a secondary bIase-line on
the main shore opposite 3/iddle island, and exteilnded from it such
triangulal03ton as the character of the ground permitted frone Thunder
bay to I'rsque Isle.  This part of the work includes the harbors of
refuge of Midldle island, False Presque Isle, and PreT(quo Isle, all of
which have been minutely sounded and the data obtained for charts 
14:
of the same, making public and available their capacity, channels, &c.
Appendix B, ATo. 7, is a statement of Assistant Penny's work of the
season, showing a survey of 7221 miles of shore-line, 118 square miles
of hydrographly, and 1,449 miles of lines sounded.
Justice to Assistant Penny requires that attention should be called
to the fact, t at the amount of work executed by his party largely
exceeds the amounts of the other two topographical parties of equal
strengoh with his, and no more favorably situated in regard to obstacles encountered.  Assistant Penny's party, it is hoped, will be enabled before the season closes to erect the first class stations required
at Sturgeon Point and Thunder Bay island.
lctie i level and meteorological observations.
In the last annual report, the attention of the bureau was called to
the necessity of imaking' a series of observations on the rise and fall of
the water level of the several lakes; in order to ascertain, if possible,
the laws  of thieir fiuctuation and their causes, it was recommended
that these observations should be accompanied by meteorological observations.  A special item was therefore introduced into the estimate
for the pav of observers and the purchase of necessary instruments.
Delay in the action of Congress on the appropriation bills induced an
applict lon to the bureau for the purchase of the instruments from the
general fund for' the putrchlase and repair of instrruments."  This
requisition beincg p-romptly approved, orders were immediately given
for sul  ofL the required instruments as could be purchased of makers
and ai)pli,cgstio,  made to the United States Coast Survey for permiss'ion to ]isve c(nstructed in that office, or under its sl)ervisi,n, four
self-restge&ing Cm.ges upon the ingenious plan devised  y air. Saxton, of that wo.lk.  It affords mne great pleasure to state, tbat this call
upon the Uni-ited States Coast Survey was promptly responded to
with the coiurtesy and liberality which is characteristic of the distinguishelod Sul)elintendent of this great work.  Two of thie gauges
were made in the Office of the Coast Survey and the other two by
comlpeLent mechanicians, under the supervision of that ofice.  The
meteorological instruments were ordered by James Green, of New
York, whose character for excellence in this department is a guaranty
of their value.  The necessary time to produce these instruments
after the orders were given produced so much  delay that tlhey arrived late in August.  It was too late for me to visit all the points
designed to be occupied to set up the instruments and instrluct the
observers.  Operations, therefore, in this department of the survey,
have this seasoni been confined to Lake Huron, in the vicinity of the
other vwork being  ca1rried on.  Fort Gratiot, Forrestville, Point aux
Barques, Towas Point, Thunder Bay islands, and Prestque Isle have
all had water gauges set up and observations made four times a day,
which obseotcrm    s 4will be continued as long as ice is not formed.
At Thunder Bay island a self-registering gauge has been set up and
is in successful operation.  This station has also been supplied with
meteorological instruments, consisting of barometer, psyel-iometer,
thermometer ai,  d rain gauge.  Similar instruments are firnished 
15
Point Towas and Fort Gratiot.  Great care is taken, in setting up
the instruments, that they are subjected to the proper exposure, are
correctly adjusted, and the observers duly instructed in their management and mode of observations.  Printed forms are furnished, in
which the daily observations are recorded for a month, when the results are transmitted to the office at Detroit. In the forms are columns for observations on the wind, clouds, &c., &c.
Whenever a sufficient number of observations at numerous points
are accumulated, they will be placed in the hands of a distinguished
meteorologist for discussion, and the production of such results as may
be deducible from them.
lecapitulatioo  of Fiecd  O)er(atio';8.
From the foregoing report it will be seen that the off-shore hydrography of Saginaw bay has this season been completed, also that of
Thunder bay; and in addition, a considerable portion of the off-shore
hydro,graphy of Lake Iluron.  That the primary trian gulation of Saginaw bay has been finished, also a triangulation extencded over Thunder bay, and from thence to False Presque Isle; that fourl points have
been occupied astronomically and the dates ascertained fir four astronomical bases, the latitudes and longitudes being observed at each
point; that the hydrographly and topography (to the four fathom
curve) of the shore of Lake Huron has been execute(dl  or 1i77 t miles
of its length; in other words, the data obtained for the final chl-arts of
Saginawv bay, Thunder bay, the harbor of Presque Isle False Presque
Isle, and  liddle island, and leaving but little to complete the data for
the final chart of the Lake Huron coast within the limits of the Unlited States.
P(cat  of Ft.ture Operactions8 andl ];s)i? c fe.
In submitting an estimate to be laid before Congiiress. it is imperative to assume in advance the scene of future operations.  It has already been reported that the survey of Lake 1-IHiuron is this season
nearly completed, and that it will require next season but a smnall portion of the existing force to bring it to a close.  In avny!lan of future
operations the completion of Lake Huron will, of con~se. be included.
That portion of the force not required for this pur-)ose is, however,
available for another field.  So far as I am informed of the wants of
navigation, there are two portions of the lake region vet utnsurveyed
that require immediate attention.  These are Lake Superior and the
north end of Lake Michigan.  No one can be ignoriant of the importance and urgent necessity of an accurate chart of Lake Superior
who is at all familiar with the increasing trade and conmmerce of this
inland sea, or has an idea of the uncertainty and danger  ittending its
navigation.  At the same time the Fox and Maniton islands, and the
navigable channels between them in the north end of Lake iAichigan,
should be surveyed and their dangers made known.   So little is now
known of this region, that only recently a notice appeared in the
shipping intelligence of the public journals wherein a vessel acknowledged passing another ashore at the Fox islands with the  signals of
distress unrelieved, for the reason that, being ignorant of the shoals,
the passing vessel was fearful of involving itself in danger.  Such a 
16
confession could nrot be publicly made if correct charts of this region
were published.  I am therefore extremely anxious to extend the survey, already carried to the Beaver islands, to the Fox and i3fanitous,
and to embrace in it a survey of Green Bay and its apprioaches.  But
in my last report I submitted an estimate containing the amount required to carry the survey on in one lake region, together with the
additional sums necessary to carry it on simultaneously on other lakes.
CongresS was pleased to appropriate the amount designated in the
estimates as necessary to carry the survey on in one lake, but at the
same time required that Lake Suiperior should be included, the words
of the act being: " For continuing the survey of the northern and
northwestern lakes, including Lake Superior."  I therefore consider
that if a clange in the scene of operations is to be made, that in view
of the expression of, the will of Congress, Lake Superior should be
selected. The estimate is accordingly based upon this view; but as
the survey of Lale Huron requires to be finished, I ha ve estimated
for a force, with equiipment and supplies, sufficient for both duties.
This causes the amount to be somewhat larger than the amout appropriated( for the current fiscal year, but will, I trust, be granted, in
view of the absolu te neeessity of having operations carried on in two
lakes at the same time.
If it slouldl( be the pleasure of Congress to extend the survey in
Lake A[ic-gan, an appropriation of $50,000 would enable the work
to be vigorously prosecuted there.  As to submitting an estimate predicated oni an extension of the work to proportions stuch as legitimately
it should posse,,   )ast experience would seem  to forbid.  For years
past the a-Lal replorts from this office have contained argumnents setting forth tile expediency and necessity of larger appropriations.  It
has been shown that true economy was promoted by liberal appropriations, and that the production of results was in a much greater
ratio than the amount appropriated, due to the fact that certain necessary expenditures are common to a small and larger organizatioii.  I
do not deem it necessary to burden this report with a long array of
statistics of the growing commerce of the lakes and a list of disasters
to vessels, with the losses of life and property consequent therefrom.
These are facts which should be, andI take it for granted are, familiarto
every person wiho studies the history and progress of the lake region.
The difficulty appears to be in rendering apparent to those who are interested in the conmmercial prosperity of the lakes, the inLtiniate connexion between this prosperity and correct charts.  I cannot but
believe, if this coinnexion were clearly understood, that public sentiment, expressed through the representatives and senators in Congress
would demand and receive appropriations on a much  larger scale
than are now or hl.ve for some time past been made.  I consider my
duty is confined to making known the fact, which I have done, that
economy and a judicious expenditure of the public money requires
larger means than have heretofore been granted. If it is the settled
pollicy of the government to continue to completion the survey of
the lakes, there is nothing gained by hampering its progress by inadequate means. The work is one essentially of time, and the time required is based directly upon the means furnished. There is no reason 
17
that Lake Superior and Lake Michigan should not be both surveyed
at the same time, except that to do so would require, 1st, double the
number of boats, persons, instruments, &c., and cost just double the
amount for paying the persons and purchasing the boats, instruments,
&c. The work of five years, with the existing organization, can be
done in one year, with five times the means supplied as are now given,
and so on. It remains for Congress alone to determine the progress
of the work and the time required for its completion.  I consider that
I have discharged my duty when I have stated the reasons that influence me, the officer in charge of the work, to believe that the interests of the work, and through the work of the country, would be
greatly advanced by the more rapid prosecution of it, and more numerous results produced were larger grants of public moneys to be
made.
Colonel J. J. ABERT,
Corps of Topoyrapahical Engineers, Washington, 1). C.
APPENDIX A.
Annuacti Report of the Survey of the Northern anZ Northwestern lalkes,
1858.
OFFICE OE THE UNITED SATES LAKE SURVEY,
-)etroit, April 17, 1858.
SiR: I have the honor to transmit herewith the accompanying
papers, showing the results of the observations for latitude and longitude made at station " Sand Point," Saginaw bay, Lake I!uron.
These observations were made by myself, with a twenty-six inch
zenithl telescope, made by Wm.  Wiirdemann, Washington, D. C.,
and a thlirty-two inch transit of English manufacture; no name on
the telescope.
The computations for latitude were made by myself and 3Mr. James
Carr, assistant to the astronomical party.
Table "A" shows the means of the latitude by each nighlt's observations, the final mean, the probable error of a single observation,
the probable error of the mean of the results for a single night, and
the weight of the mean of each night.
The final mean 43~ 54' 39". 79 N. which has been adopted as the
latitude of the station, is deduced from the means of each night,
giving to each the weight due to the number of pairs observed on
and to each equal value.
The probable error of a single observation is deduced from the
formula.
r   o. 84544  (   I) 
L hi(v~ —1)'
in which F (x - n) is the sum of the differences of each observation
from the mean for the night, and in the number of observations.
This formula is taken from the Astromische lNachrichter.
L
11
lgs. 
is
The probable error of the mean of the results for a single night is obtained from the formula V'  r and m respecting the same quantities
as in the preceding formula.
The weight of the mean of each night is obtained from the formula
in which m  is the number of observations, and
W-2 2:(x-n)2
2 -Y (x - n)2 is twice the sum of the squares of the differences of each
observation from the mean for the night. RI, the probable error of
the final result, is obtained from the formula R=~ 47  93;  (W)
2' (w)'
equal the sum of the weights for the mean of each night.
The observations for longitude were submitted to Professors G. P.
Bond and James  IMajor for computation.  Table "B" shows the results of the computations.
The differences in the results for any night arise from Professor
3ond's having given equal weight to the corrections, to be applied
to the tabulated A.R. of the moon, deduced from the observations
with the alt-azimuth and transit-circle to reduce it to the results of
actual observations at Greenwich, and interpolating for the moon's
place from the quantities given in the American and British Nautical
Almanacs, while Professor A[ajor confined  himself to the British
Nautical Almanac and gave preference to the corrections deduced
from actual observations with the transit circle at Greenwich, only
using those deduced from the alt-azimuth observations on the night
when no observations were made with the transit-circle; also by comparing three of the observations with corresponding ones made at
Washington, which enter into his results.
I have taken the mean of Professor Bond's computations by interpolations from the American and British Nautical Almanacs as his
result, and whenever Professor MAajor has a comparison with observations at Washington and Greenwich, the mean of the two is taken
as the result of that night's observations.
The final result, 5o. 33mn. 228. 976, or 83~ 20' 44". 64 west from
Greenwich, adopted as the longitude of station "Sand Point," is the
mean of the two computations; it differs by less than ls. from either,
which has been considered very nearly the ultimate limit of accuracy
attainable in the determination of longitude by moon culminations,
though their inumber be increased indefinitely, and the greatest possible care is given to the computations.
The probable error of the final result - 18s. 1 is deduced from the
formula  r =        (. in whichl,o is thie probable error of any one result
and n the number.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
CHARLES N. TURNBULL,
2d Lieutenant  0oIograptical En,ineers.
GEo. G. MEADE,
Captain  TopograDpical E).glneers,
Suver?r,tendent United States lake Survey.
I;e 
July 9..........
11..........     12..........
13..........
16..........
24..........
25..........
26..........
81..........
Aug. 2..........
13..........
15..........
17..........
18..........
19..........
4
Means....................43 54 39.79         1.56         0.51        W-2.08
u
4s as 4V.o0
V. do
V. 00o
0.47
0.31
0.59
0,53
0.41
0.45
0.51
0.40
0.63
0.42
1.49
0.50
0.36
0.28
U. A, o
0.114
0.347
0.069
0.107
0.089
0.082
0.093
0.115
0.100
0.065
0.037
0.157
0.316
0.115
10
9
10
10
14
11
10
12
8
22
4
8
7
22
39.67
39.03
39.22
39.72
39.70
39.14
38.99
39.90
38.31
40.93
40.39
40.46
40.81
39.55
1.49
0.94
1.89
1.67
1.55
1.52
1.62
1.39
1.78
1.99
2.98
1.42
0.96
1.34
M[eans...........
43 54 39.79
1.56
0.61
S;W-2.08
*. -.. 
2......-...
Au.........
4.........
6-..oo....
8.........
30.........
31.........
1ooot.........
2..........
3............L1.6                                    2131.3
4........                         3
5.........         o
6.........                       3                         
26.........
28.........
30.........
2.....             2..                              2                   2.
6.........
7............L1.0                                    2451.4
8.........
33 22.116       5 33 23.836
Final result Sand Point, west from Greenwich:
5h. 33m. 22s. 976=83~ 20' 44".64Probable error of final result -  1 s. 1.
NOTE.-The results in the column deduced by Professor G. P. Bond are the means by
interpolation from the British Nautical Almanac and the American Nautical Almanac.
The results marked with an asterisk are the means from comparisons with actual observations at Greenwich and Washington Observatories.
I
1.
I.'
I.'
IT.
I.'
I.'
I.'
1. 
I.'
I.'
I.'
II.
16 050
25.175
24.840
15.135
26.285
11.770
18.450
24.675
24.055
12.365
43.180
40.145
31-."85
22.835
2g. 255
22. 505
21.840
20.520
10.605
18.220
17.364
26.034
23.765
18.743
28.025
15.200
22. 820
24.248
23.370
12.103
46.537
46.748
35.106
25.832
*28.848
*25.530
20.775
*24.803
12.485
17.045
16.707
25.604
24.302
16.939
27.155
13.485
20.635
24.461
23.712
12.234
44.858
43.446
33.445
24.083
26.051
24.017
21.307
-22.661
11.545
17.632
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Means.....
5
5 33 22.976
,*-* —--          0*   1 
21
Appendix B Xo. 1.
Abstract of work executed by the party on board the steamer
Search, during the season of 1858.
2,378 miles of deep sea soundings.
239 lines of soundings.
1,229 sextant angles for position of steamer.
3,744 readings of theodolite.
8,003 miles run by steamer on general duty other than sounding.
The necessary stations erected at different points for occupa        tion and sounding stations.
Appendix i? Yo. 2.
Abstract of work executed by the triangulation
Asst. James Carr, during the season of 1858.
500 square miles triangulated.
12 stations occupied.
18 triangles observed.
51 angles observed.
614 readings of theodolite.
1,343 repetitions of angles.
2,686 poitintgs of theodolite.
Appendix B No. 3.
Abstract of work done by the astronomical party under the charge
of Lieutenant C. N. Turnbull, Topographical Engineers, during tlhe
season of 1858.
576 observations with transit on stars for time and errors of in        strumtent.
24 observations transit of moon and moon culminating stars for
longitude.
385 pairs of stars, observed with zenith telescope for latitude.
128 observations on circnm-polar stars for value of micrometer.
12 transfers of four chro)ometers for difference of longitude.
Barometrical and mneteorological observations four tines daily
for three and a half months.
Appendix B -Yo. 4.
Abstract of work executed by the magnetic party in charge of
Brevet Second Lieutenant W. Proctor Srith, Topographlical  Engineers, during the season of 1858.
2,540 vibriations of mnagnets.
236 angles of deflection.
280 angles of inclination.
1.5 angles of declination.
14 observations (half hourly) for declination.
party in charge of
i 
I 
22
12 observations for co-efficient of torsion,
10 observations for zero of magnet scale.
22 observations for angular value of magnet scale.
.Appendix B No. 5.
Abstract of work executed by the party under the charge of Assistant G. W. Lamson during the season of 1858.
731 square miles of hydrography.
26  square miles of topography.
53  miles of shore-line traced.
963  lines of soundings.
812; miles of soundings.
30,793 casts of the lead.
4,588 theodolite pointings.
456  sextant angles.
9 observations for true meridian.
19  triangulation stations built.
101  sounding stations built.
214  buoys placed and located.
Appendix B No. 6.
Abstract of work executed by the party under the charge of Assistant W. H. HIearding during the season of 1858.
64.8 square miles hydrography surveyed.
28  square miles topography of villages and other improve           ments.
51s miles shore-line surveyed.
918t miles of soundings.
996  lines of soundings.
33,089 casts of the lead.
4,652  theodolite readings.
11  sextant angles.
7 observations for true meridian.
17  light stations built.
133  sounding stations built.
185  buoys placed and located.
Appendix B No. 7.
Abstract of work executed by the party under the charge of Assistant Henry C. Penny during during the season of 1858.
118  square miles of hydrography.
20 square miles of topography.
721 miles of shore-line traced.
1,186 lines sounded.
1,449  miles of lines sounded.
60,778 casts of the lead.
3,144 theodolite pointings.
Ls
VA 
23
sextant angles.
observations for true meridian.
triangulation stations built.
sounding stations built.
buoys placed and located.
APPENDIX C.
ANNUAL REPORT SURVEY OF THE LAKIS.
Esttimate for continuing the survey of the northern and northwestern
lakes, for the jscal year ending June 30, 1858.
For a hydrographical party on steamer:
1 assistant, at $4 00 per diem, 183 days.....
1 assistant, at $2 50 per diem, 183 days.....
1 sailing master, at $2 50 per diem 183 days.
1 mate, at $1 75 per diem, 183 days........
1 engineer, at $2 75 per diem, 183 days.....
1 assistant engineer, at $1 50 per diem, 183
days...............................
1 carpenter, at $1 50 per diem, 183 days....
1 steward, at $1 25 per diem, 183 days.....
1 cook, at $1 25 per diem, 183 days........
1 assistant cook, at 80 cents per diem, 183
days...............................
4 firemen, at $1 00 per diem, 183 days..... 
14 seamen, at 70 cents per diem, 183 days....
Subsistence 28 men, 50 cents each per diem,
183 days...........................
Fuel-600 tons of coal, at $6 00 per ton......
Total for one steamer..................
For two hydrographical parties, (one on each
steamer)........................................ $24,418 60
For a triangulation party:
assistant, at $4 00 per diem, 183 days....
assistant, at $2 50 per diem, 183 days.....
sailing master, at $1 50 per diem, 183 days
mate, at $1 25 per diem, 183 days........
cook, at $1 00 per dienm, 183 davs.......
steward, at 80 cents per diem, 183 days...
men, at 70 cents each per diem, 183 days..
127
8
11
104
171
$732
457
457
320
411
00
50
50
25
75
274
274
228
228
50
50
75
75
146 40
732 0o
1,783 40
2,562 00
3,600 00
1.2,209 30
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
$732
457
274
228
183
146
768
00
50
50
75
00
40
60 
S     i
T.
month............................. 1,200 00
ransportation of party and supplies............ 500 00
Total for one party...................... 5,588 75
For two triangulation parties......................... $1,177 50
For an astronomical and magnetic party:
1 assistant, at $3 50 per diem, 183 days.....
I assistant, at $1 50 per diem, 183 days.....
1 cook, at $1 00 per diem, 183 days........
7 men, (boat's crew,) at 70 cents each, per
diem, 183 days.....................
Subsistence 10 men, at 50 cents each per diem,
183 days...............................
Transportation of party and camp equipage,
&c., &c............................
500 00
3,409 00
For two astronomical and magnetic parties............
For a topographical party, six months:
1 assistant, at $4 00 per diem, 183 days.....
1 assistant, at $3 00 per diemn, 183 days.....
1 assistant, at $2 00 per diemn, 183 days..... 
1 foreman, at $1 50 per diem, 183 days.....
1 cook, at $1 00 per diem, 183 days........
1 steward, at $1 00 per diem, 183 days.....
2 leadsmen, at 90 cents each per diemn, 183
days...............................
2 chainmen, at 80 cents each per diem, 183
(lays...............................
14 boatmen, at 70 cents each per diem, 183
days...............................
Subsistence 24 men, at 50 cents each per diem,
183 days...........................
Purchase of camp equipage, tools, &c., &c....
Transportation of party and supplies.........
1,793 40
2,196 00
250 0
250 00
7,399 10
For four parties.................................... 29,596 40
iI
2*
$640
274
183
50
50
00
896 00
915 00
6sis 00
$32
549
00 6 6
274
i83
183
00
00
00
50
00
00
IK
329 40
342 80 
25
MIiscel laneous:
Office rent and fuel, per annum............. 
Relent of wharf and warehouse per annum.....
Pay of dranghtsinenl, at $4 00 per diemn......
Pay of computer, at $4 00 per diemt.........
Fuel, quarters, transportation four officers.....
Four assistants in office, at $4 00 per dietn....
Four assistants ill office, at $3 00 per diemt...
Four assistants in office, at $2 50 per die m....
Steamers in ordinary.......................
Expenses in office, stationery, drawing-paper,
&C., &c............................
Pay of water-level and meteorological observers,
24 stations, at $10 00 per month for 12
months............................ 
$19,236 00
Contingencies:
For current expenses, such as repairs of steamers, vessels,
boats; purchase of tents, cordage blocks, rigging,
tools, paints, oils, &c., &c., being 10 per cent. on
the whole amount............................. 9,124 65
Total amount of estimate......................$10 0,371 15
Respectfully submitted.
$1,200 0o
500 O0
15460 00
780:,0o
1,,500 00
2,912 00
2,184 00
1)820 00
4)500 00
500 00
2,880 00
,:-,j,,w* if" at Its 
THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
GRADUATE LIBRARY
DATE DUE
Form 9584
A - I
/
isd
T-'
11y —
If