A
HISTORICAL DISCOURSE:
COMMEMORATIVE OF THE
SETTLEMENT OF GALESBURG.
DELIVERED IN THE FIRST CHURCH OF GALESBURG,
JTT'JSEl 22, 1866,
B y REV. FLAVEL BASCOM,
A FORMER PASTOR OF THE CHUuRCH.
A N D
A STATISTICAL PAPER:
By REV. FREDERIC T. PERKINS,
PRESENT PASTOR OF TEHE CHURCH.
GALESBURG, ILL.
FREE PRESS BOOK AND JOB PRINTING HOUSE.
1866.




THE ladies of the First Church in Galesburg, remembering all the way in which the Lord
had led their Pioneer Fathers and Mothers, resolved to commemorate the settlement of the
place. The notice of the proposed celebration, published in the cFRE PREss of June 17th,
through the Chairman of their committee, Miss M. A. WEST, contains the following state.
ment:
" The First Church of this city propose commemorating the settlement of Galesburg by a
"Historical Celebration on the 22d day of June. Thirty years ago this month, Galesburg
"was founded by a noble band of men and women, who left home and friends in the East, not
"in search of wealth, but simply to do good, by founding a village and a school, which should
"be lights in a dark place.
"' One by one these fathers and mothers are passing from us; with them will die very much
" that is valuable of the early history of this place.
"We deem it therefore a duty to collect this history now while we may, for their names
"and the memory of their deeds we would not willingly let die."
In preparing for the celebration, they engaged the Rev. FLAVEL BASCori-a former pastor of
the church-to deliver a Historical Discourse, and the Rev. F. T. PErsKIss-the present pastor-to prepare a Statistical Paper, respecting the growth and business of the city. At the
appointed time-June 22d, 1866-a congregation of old settlers and others gathered in the
First Church, at 3 o'clock P. BI., and listened to the following Discourse and Paper.




HISTORICAL DISCOURSE.
Colonization has always been one of God's Providential
agencies for peopling the earth, and promoting a better civilization. Emigration has its disadvantages and dangers. Solitary families removing from the precincts of Christian civil.
ization, into regions destitute of religious and educational
Institutions, are liable to grow indifferent to learning and
religion, and to drift in the direction of barbarism. This
dangerous tendency is fully illustrated in the state of so.
ciety in some sections of our Western country, where, remote
from the atmosphere of social refinement, intellectual culture,
and religious sentiment, people that once had higher aspirations, have ceased to think of those things which are pure
and lovely and of good report, and have become grovelling
in their tastes, dissolute in their sentiments, and godless in
their lives.
But organized civilization ainls to carry the influences of
Christian civilization into new communities and to plant
there the germs of religious and educational institutions,
which shall spring up and keep progress with the growth of
society, and ultimately fill the community with their precious fruits. If this can be done, the evils of solitary emigration are not only avoided, but some advantages are gained
of great value.  Evils exist in old communities, and to remedy them is not easy. Public sentiment is there conservative
of wrong as well as right, customs are stereotyped, and he
who sets himself to put away existing evils and reform so



4                  HISTORICAL DISCOURSE.
ciety, needs a power that can remove mountains. But where
a new community is planted on virgin soil, it is easier to
commence right, and form the sentiment and the habits of
that community in conformity to right principles. The old
shackles of custom are more easily broken, and old abuses
discarded.
When God therefore, as if despairing of bringing the
whole race forward together in a process of intellectual and
religious culture, called Abraham, with a small select company from Ur, of the Chaldees, to go into Canaan, his object
was by establishing a new community there, to secure an
improved sta-te of society, and raise up a community that
should be the salt of the earth. It would be easy to show
from history that by organized emigration, the arts and
sciences, the blessings of civil liberty and true religion have
been propagated in the world and preserved in all ages. The
settlement of New  England by Christian Colonies from
Great Britain is an ever memorable example of the glorious
possibilities of good from this instrumentality. Not only
were important towns, and settlements, and churches built
up by original colonies from the old world, but these settlements were ever sending out new colonies from  themselves,
to people new towns, and build up all the institutions of
civilized and Christian communities. It was this mode of
settlement, under the blessing of God, that made New England what it is, in intelligence and piety. And thus New
England has been able to furnish no small portion of the
intelligence and sterling moral principle that has saved the
nation.
Itisnot surprising that the descendants of the Pilgrims
should have been inclined to settle the valley of the Missis
sippi by colonies. In this way early settlements were made
in Ohio, which were eminently successful, e. g., at Marietta
on the south, and in many localities on the reserve. In
this section of our own State, numerous colonies from
different Eastern States were planted from twenty-five to




HISTORICAL DISCOURSE.              5
thirty-five years ago, with different objects and various
degrees of success.  Princeton was founded by a colony
from  Hampshire and  Hamden  counties, Massachusetts.
Wethersfield and Andover were colonies from Connecticut.
Tremont and Delaware were colonies from Boston and
Providence.  Other places less prominent had a similar
origin. But the Galesburg colony has always maintained a
pre-eminence among kindred enterprises, and has achieved
a success which no other has yet attained. I account for
this fact mainly on two principles: 1st. The object of this
colony was prominently and distinctively philanthropic,
benevolent and Christian. Its founders designed to water
others, and God has watered them.  They aimed to plant a
Christian community, to maintain a high-toned Christian
morality, and they found that godliness was profitable unto
all things having the promise of the life that now is, as well
as of that which is to come. 2d. The plan of this colony
was more complete. Its affairs were systematized, with a
wise adaptation of means to the end in view.
An enterprise with such an object and such a plan,
attracted to itself a class of men who could appreciate its
importance, and were able to carry out its design, without
faltering, or turning aside.  Such men engaged in such a
work, are in the way to secure God's blessing, for they are
laborers together with him. In this view of the case the
prosperity of Galesburg and of its inhabitants is no marvel.
Let other communities learn from it the secret of success.
It is thirty years this month, since the earliest pioneers of
this colony arrived with their families and commenced those
labors which in the meantime have changed a desert into a
populous city, distinguished for its religious and literary institutions, and commercial prosperity.  It is a fitting time for
the surviving founders of such institutions and of such a
community, to commemorate the laying of their foundations,
and to set up their monument to the praise of Him who
hitherto hath helped them.




6                 HISTORICAL DISOOURSE.
The conception of this enterprise originated, as is well
known, with the Rev. George W. Gale, then residing in
Oneida county, New York. Mr. Gale had been connected
with the Oneida Institute, in which many valuable young
men had been put forward in a course of study, toward the
ministry, and he had become deeply interested in providing
more ample means for the christian education of the youth
of both sexes, in order to meet the wants of our country
and the world.  He conferred with his brethren, and was
strengthened by their approval and aided by their suggestions. As early as 1834 he seems to have matured a well
developed plan for planting a colony at the West, to be a
center of intellectual and moral illumination. In speaking
of the motives by which he and his associates were educated, Mr. Gale says: " Their views were not restricted to
benefitting their own descendants. The object which gave
birth to the enterprize was that of diffusing over an important region of country, at an early period of its settlement,
the combined influence of education and religion."
The plan of the colony was a remarkable combination
of philanthropy and sagacity.  It was based upon the
assumption  that the  religious, educational and social
advantages which the plan contemplated, would greatly
enhance the value of the wild lands in the vicinity of
their town. These lands were to be purchased by the colony at the,government price, and sold to individual members
or other purchasers at four times their first cost, and the
profit thus accruing was to endow their College in its various departments. And the purchaser of every eighty acre
lot received a scholarship entitling the holder to twenty-five
years' tuition.
The original design was to raise by subscription, $40,000,
and purchase a whole township. If this amount had been
raised and a whole township purchased at Government
price, it would have still left more than $11,000 in the
Treasury for College purposes, and when the subscribers




HISTORICAL DISCOURSE.              7
had all received their lands at an average of $5 per acre, it
would have left 15,000 acres of land as the property of the
College. The town site was also to be located on College
land, which would of itself furnish no inconsiderable
endowment for an infant institution.
The unquestionable wisdom of the plan is demonstrated
by the fact, that, although but about one-half of the sum
originally contemplated was ever received frotm subscribers,
and only 10,746 acres of land purchased for the colony, yet
on this greatly diminished scale of operations, the enterprise
has proved eminently successful.
In the summer of 1835, about thirty subscribers to the
plan of a colony having been  obtained, an  exploring
Committee was appointed, consisting of Nehemiah West,
Thomas Gilbert, and Timothy B. Jervis. They spent some
months in traveling through the West, particularly in
Northern Indiana and Northern Illinois, and returned without being able to recommend any location as fully meeting
the wishes and plans of the colony. They were, however,
favorably impressed with this section of Illinois, and
believed that in this vicinity a suitable tract of land might
be found. One of the Committee purchased a farm  for
himself in the vicinity of Knoxville, feeling confident that
the colony would purchase around him.  The Committee
recommended that a purchasing Committee be immediately sent out, prepared to make frtlher explorations and
secume by actual purchase the most suitable tract of land
they could find in this part of the State. That Committee
was appointed, consisting of Rev. Mr. Gale, Sylvanus
Ferris, Nehemiah West, and Thomas Simmons, who soon
set out on their important mission. At I)etroit they were
obliged to leave Mr. Gale on account of his illness, and Mr.
Samuel Tompkins, who was in company with one of the
Committee, was requested to act in Mr. Gale's place. The
Committee arrived at Knoxville about the middle of October, 18i5, and their attention was soon directed to this tract
i i,




8                 HISTORICAL DISCOURSE.
of prairie, adjacent to the South, side of Henderson Grove
which the exploring Committee seem not to have visited.
They decided at once to purchase it in connection with
two improved farms, and a tract of timber in the grove.
The money invested in the purchase fell a little short of
$15,000. >
On the 7th of the succeeding January, 1836, the stockholders of the colony met at Whitesboro, heard the report
of their Committee, and appointed a Board of Trustees of
their embryo College, consisting of John Waters, Sylvanus
Ferris,  H. H. Kellogg,  Thomas Simmons, John  C.
Smith, Walter Webb, G, W. Gale, N. West, Isaac Mills,
and Samuel Tompkins,' Prairie College e" was selected as the name of their
institution, and  Galesburg the name of the village.Arrangements were made for appraising the lands, and
distributing them  to the stockholders and selling to ne*purchasers; for laying out the village, and appraising
the lots and bringing them  into  market, reserving College grounds, and lots for a Church, a parsonage and a
Cemetery. Steps were taken toward  procuring at an
early day, material for a College building, the erection
of a steam saw-mill and of a public house.
As early in the Spring of 1836 as arrangements could
be made, the Pioneers of the Colony  began their long
and  weary pilgrimage to the land of promise; a part
with their own teams, and a part by water, in their own
canal boat through the New York and Erie canal from
Utica to Buffalo; on Lake Erie to Cleveland; by the
Ohio canal to Portsmouth; thence by the Ohio, Mississippi and Illinois rivers to Copperas Creek, the landing
nearest to their destination. The voyage was long, their
progress was slow, the boat was crowded, the weather was
warm, the alternations of scorching heat by day, and
chilly dampnes by night, necessarily subjected  them  to




HISTORICAL DISCOURSE.              9
sickness, which very few  if any escaped.  Three died
early  after their arrival, Smith, Miills, and  Lyman,
strong men, valuable in counsel and efficient in labors,
Their loss was deeply felt, their survivors were afflicted
but not discouraged, cast down, but not in despair.
They were well aware that men die, but God lives and his
cause does not fail.
In the autumn of 1836 more than thirty families were
temporarily located in cabins on the South side of Henderson Grove, where they spent the first winter preparing to
improve their farms, and to commence the building of their
village the next season. Then and there was planted the
germ of this city with its noble institutions, and of the
thriving community by which the city is surrounded. Had
a Directory of Log City (as their temporary settlement was
called) been published that winter, it would have contained
the following names: Geo. Avery, H. T. Avery, M. CGhambers, L. Chappel, C. S. Colton, H. Conger, L. E. Conger,
P. Dunn, Geo. Ferris, H. Ferris, C. Finch, Rev. Geo. W. Gale,
L. Gay, D. Griffith. A. Goodell, Winm. Hamblin, J. Haskins,
Mrs. Hitchcock, A. Kendall, J. Kendall, E. H. King, N. H.
Losey, H. Lyman, J. Mills, J. McMullen, R. Payne, Mrs.
Phelps, Philemon Phelps, P. Richardson, R. Root, J.
Simmons, T. Simmons, J. C. Smith, E. Swift, Job. Swift,
S. Tompkins, A. Tyler, Rev. J. Waters, L). Wheeler, J. G.
West, N. West, H. Wilcox.
The Spring of 1837 witnessed the arrival of B. Allen,
D. Allen, N. Allen, S. Allen, F. Buckingham, Dr. J. Bunce,
I. Colton, E. Farnham, S. Ferris, N. O. Ferris, Wm. Ferris,
W. Holyoke, A. Martin, H. H. May, J. C. Prentice, L. Sanderson, R. Skinner. Other families came in the autumn
of 1837, but the families and individuals named above
founded the colony.
And now commenced in earnest the stern, long protracted
labors and trials, incident to the building up of such a community in such circumstances, labors and trials that can




10                  HISTORICAL DISCOURSE.
never be appreciated but by actual experience.  The majority of the first settlers had but limited pecuniary resources,
and these were soon swallowed up in current farnily
expenses, in building thair houses and improving their
farms. In the meantime, that memorable financial crash
had occurred, which involved the whole country and especially the West in the'greatest embarrassment.  Business was
stagnant; farmers produce was a drug in the mnarket and
would scarcely pay for transportation.  Markets were distant, and for a considerable portion of the year quite inaccessable.   Privation, in  respect to very  many of the
comforts of life, was therefore unavoidable. Money was so
exceedingly difficult to be obtained for anything the settlers
had to spare, that they became accustomled to its absence,
and learned to transact most kinds of business without it.
They were exceedingly accommodating in their traffic with
each other.  Great ingenuity wastdeveloped in the barter of
their commodities, and where this failed, long credits contributed to their convenience.  But for taxes and postage,
neither the barter nor credit system would answer, and often
letters from distant loved ones were suffered to remain a considerable time in the post-office for the, want of twenty-five
cents, which was then the postage on all our Eastern
correspondence.
The first goods were sold in the settlement by Mr. C.
S. Cotton, who opened  at the Girove in 1836, on a scale
corresponding to the size of the infant community. The
next year he removed his store to the village, on the West
side of the Public Square, and on the North of Main street
he built his store and dwelling under the same roof. In
that building, for almost a score of years, a growing mercantile business was conducted; remunerative to the proprietor
and at the same time a great convenience to the commu'nity.
But only those of my hearers who remember what it was to
go a shopping in Galesburg in those early times can realize




HISTORICAL DISCOURSE.              11
the difference between then and now.  The advantage, in
some respects, was certainly on the side of those times.
The merchant was better satisfied, for he had but little
competition and large profits. And the customer had much
less difficulty in satisfying himself that he had found the
best article in town. That could speedily be done. He was
not expected to pay anything down for his purchases. No
matter how low his funds were, he need not go empty away.
Goods were to be had without money, if not without price.
As to price, the pioneer merchants of the West sometimes
claimed that they made but one per cent. profit. What they
bought for one dollar they sold for two, and that was gaining one dollar on every hundred cents. And what customer
could grudge them so small a profit, when pay-day was so
distant?  But alas! those pay days, however long delayed,
would come, and their approach was not among the smallest
trials of pioneer life.
In their social feelings and habits, the early settlers of
Galesburg were exceedingly free and cordial. Though many
of them had been' strangers to each other till they were
brought together here, they were so homogeneous in their
principles and aims as to inspire mutual confidence and fraternal attachment from their first acquaintance. Then there
were no classes of society, and no artificial rules of etiquette
to restrain the freedomn of social intercourse. No particular
style of living was requisite to admission into the best
society. If a famnily had not chairs enough to seat their
guests, this was no obstacle to their receiving and entertaining company. Boxes, trunks and benches made convenient
seats, and who need be ashamed of such furniture, when it
was the fashion in the best of families.
There is something in pioneer life which binds the early
settlers to each other in very strong attachments. Their
hardships and privations teach them to sympathize with
each other and their mutual dependence trains theni to hab



12                 HISTORICAL DISCOURSE.
its of mutual helpfulness. I was once told by an Illinoisan
who was a native of Kentucky, that he had settled three
new countries and had seen all sorts of society, and the best
society to be found anywhere was among the earliest pioneers
of a settlement. They lived on bear's flesh and bread made
of pounded corn, and neighbors were so distant that they
knew how to prize them. All were equal and all were
friendly. But, said he, as soon as they get flour bread and
meat of their own raising, they begin to be proud and envious, they quarrel and have law-suits, and there is no more
good society.  Probably his theory of good society was
somewhat radical and extreme, but like other radical ideas
his had true philosophy in them.
A prominent object of the projector and members of the
colony was the founding of an institution of learning, which
should afford the best advantages for a thoroughly Christian
education in its various departments, at the lowest practicable expense to the pupils. This object they never lost
sight of for amoment. Their earliest efforts were directed
toward the accomplishment of' this part of their plan. The
first winter, while yet occupying the rude cabins of " Log
City," with such accommodations as they could furnish, a
school was taught by a gentleman and lady, both in the
conimmon and academic branches.  A charter for the institution was obtained the same winter from our State Legislature under the name of "Knox Manual Labor College."
Immediate steps were taken for the erection of an Academy
building, which was completed in the fall of 1838, and
opened for students early in the succeeding winter with more
than thirty pupils. In 1838 Mr. Kellogg was appointed
President of the institution, Mr. Gale, Professor of Rhetoric and Moral Philosophy, and Mr. Losey, who had hitherto
conducted the Preparatory department, Professor of Mathemnatics and Natural sciences. In 1841 the College was fully
organized and a promising class entered on their Fresh



HISTORICAL DISCOURSE.                13
man year.  Mier, Grant, ill the  meantime  having  been
appointed Professor of Languages.  In 1843 the institution
net with a severe loss by fire.  Their building which had
been erected for the special benefit of the Female department, at an expense of more than $5,000, was burned, with_
out insurance.   In 1844 the East College building was
erected, and the West College the year following. after the
same plan. Besides  the Lecture and Recitation rooms,
Library, etc., these two buildings were designed to accomIodate about forty students with rooms for study. In 1850
both these buildings were enlarged and their accommodations
greatly improved at a considerable expense.  In 1857 the
Central College building and Female Seminary were built
at an expense of about $80,000. At that time the whole
endowment of the institution was estimated at not less
than  $400,000, and all the donations it had  received
from, sources outside of the colony had been scarcely $50,000. In 1845 Mr. Kellogg retired from the Presidency and
Mr. Bllanchard succeeded him.  Under his administration
the first class of nine young men was graduated, five of
whom  became ministers, two of these foreign  missionaries, two physicians, one Professor in College and one
farmer.  In 1851 the first class of three graduated fromn the
Female Collegiate department, a three years' course of
study having been provided for under the instruction of the
College Faculty, with Professor Hitchcock and a Female
Principal devoted wholly to this department.  This depalrtment has compared favorably with the other in numbers
and schollarship, and has fully justified the wisdom  of the
founders of the College in providing with like liberality for
the education of both sexes.
Previous to the last financial disaster in 1857, the College
had attained to very great prosperity.  The value of its
endowment far surpassed the most sanguine expectations of
its founders. The intersection of two important Railroads




14                 HISTORICAL DISCOURSE.
at this point had so stimulated all kinds of business as to
attract a large population, and transform a small interior
village into a flourishing city. This brought the College
lands into requisition and greatly enhanced their value.
Valuable lands which were originally appropriated conditionally to a Theological Seminary, by the failure of that
condition, reverted to the general funds of the College. In
the meantime the Railroad D)epot having been located upon
their border, those lands became city lots, and were sold by
the foot instead of the acre.  The reputation which the
place had acquired by the character of its society, and of
its Religious and Literary institutions attracted a class of
population which had in themselves the elements of
thrift and  prosperity.  And  while the College shared
largely in the general prosperity, it contributed no less
to promote it.
The establishment of a Theological Seminary as a part
of the Educational System. of this place, was prevented by
a plan long since formed3 and not yet realized by our
Presbyterian brethren, of building up a Denominational
Seminary at Galena. Thence  the location was changed
to Chiepgo or Lake Forest, and finally, I believe, to Carlinville, to which place it was invited by the prospect of
endowment from  lands secured at an early day by Dr.
Blackburn.  The Manual Labor feature of the  Coilege
proved to be less valuable than was anticipated. A few
of the early pupils aided themselves to some extent by
Horticultural and  Miechanical labors.   But experience,
the surest test of theories, did  not justify a reliance
upon the labors of the pupils during terni time, as their
chief' resource for defraying their expenses. MIanual. labor
therefore gradually fell into neglect, and finally was dropped
from the name of the institution by an amendment of the
charter.
The faith and patience, and self-denial with which the




HISTORICAL I! SCOURSE.             15
Faculty of the College struggled through the long years of. poverty and trial, which covered at least one half of its history, commend them to the lasting gratitude of all the
friends of Christian education. Their nominal salaries were
very inadequate, and these were generally largely in arrears.
When paid theySwere sometimes in College Scrip, which was
current only at a considerable discount. But God gave
them endurance and brought them through their straits
into a large place, and rewarded them for all their sacrifices.
And now their works follow them in the precious fruits
gathered from the seed they sowed. The able scholars, the
earnest and efficient men and women whom they instructed,
are now  conferring manifold blessings upon the world by
their influence.  The early classes in the institution, were
of like spirit with their teachers, and in full sympathy with
the principles and objects of the colony. Long may this
spirit and these principles be cherished among the successive
generations of pupils that shall walk these classic halls;
and never may the public sentiment of the" College cease
to be in harmony with the objects and ends for which
the colony.was founded.
How  inadequate the idea entertained  by  most people of the magnitude of the work of founding a College. In the early settlements of the West almost every
colony and nearly every ambitious town, aspired to be
a seat of learning, and many were the charters obtained
for Colleges, with the expectation apparently that they would
grow as spontaneously as a tree, when once planted.  Not
long since, a town not a hundred miles from here, advertised itself as a very eligible site for a College. Through its
local weekly newspaper it informed the world that if any
person desired to build a College, they would do well to
examine the advantages of that locality before selecting any
other site, as if the building up of a College was like establishing a store, or erecting a manufactory, or starting a newspaper.




16                 HISTORICAL D [SCOURSE.
No one that has not tried it, carl conceive of the outlay of
faith, patience, toil, care, and money demanded in making up
a well ordered and adequately endowed College. Society little knows how much it is indebted to those who have done
such a work. There are men now in this community, and
some have passed away, who have for a long series of years
borne burdens of care, solicitude and responsibility in looking after the finances, and other material interests of this
College, for which money could but poorly compensate them..And yet they have done it without fee or commission, and
ometimes without thanks. May God reward them.
There have graduated from the male department of Knox
College, 131. Of these 38 became Ministers, 3 Foreign
Missionaries, 24 Lawyers, and quite a number Professors
and Teachers.  One hundred and eighteen have graduated
from the Female Collegiate department, many of whom are
filling stations of great usefulness in society. The aggregate
of the names found on the catalogues of the academic department during the period of its existence, is 7687. Of whom
almost one-half have been females.
But, as many of the pupils continue through several years
and the same names appear in several successive catalogues,
it is estimated that but about 5,000 differrent persons have
been instructed for a longer or shorter period in some of the
departments of the institution. The good influences thus
put forth in operation are widely diffused, and are acting on
society at points distant from each other and in manifold
ways. The infinite mind alone can comprehend the results.
About one-third of the gentlemen graduates, and not far
from the same proportion of the young gentlemen connected
at different times with the Academy, have performed valuable military service to their country in the late rebellion.
Not one so far as is known has fought against his country.
A most unhappy strife in the Board of Trustees for some
years circumscribed the usefulness of the institution, and




HISTORICAL DISCOURSE.               17
brought all its interests into peril. But the storm has spent
its fury and the College still lives, we trust to bless the world
through a long series of unborn generations. Let the friends
of the institution learn wisdom. from their experience, and
henceforth strive only to secure the great ends of its founders; the promotion of sound learning, scriptural morality,
and pure religion,
Time will doubtless convince us all, as it already has some
of us, that the strife grew not out of wicked designs, so
much as of human infirmities, that the provocation was not
all on one side, nor the forbearance and purity of motive
monopolized by one party. In the meantime, a second institution of learning, not on the programme of the colony, has
sprung into existence, and has attained to a good degree of
prosperity and an influential position in the State. The
Universalists in this place and vicinity, encouraged by the
liberal donations of their friends abroad, and especially of
B. Lornbard, Esq., established Lombard University in 1852.
They have an able Faculty, and one good building well filled
with pupils.  The institution is for both sexes.
Galesburg has also introduced the system  of Graded
Public Schools, and by providing able teachers, and erecting
a noble building, evinces a determination to educate the
whole population.
In the infant settlement at'G Log City,"' public worship on
the Sabbath was established very soon after the arrival of
the first families, with preaching when practicable. Mr.
Gale was their first stated supply.  Assisted by Rev. John
T. Avery, he held a series of meetings during the first winter,
and the spirit of God owned and blessed the effort in the
conversion of several of the youth in the congregation.
They organized their Church on the 25th of February, 1836,
consisting of eighty-two members,  Mr. Waters and Mr.
Gale officiated on the occasion, assisted by Mr. Noel, of
Knoxville, who represented  Schuyler Presbytery.  The




18                 HISTORICAL DISCOURSE.
Church was Presbyterian in its name and ecclesiastical relations, but contained a strong Congregational element, out of
deference to which, the modes of administering its affairs,
were somewhat modified, from the beginning.
D)uring the summer of 1837, some families having prepared residences in the village removed hither, and then
public worship was held alternately, here and at the grove.
The first room used for Sabbath worship in Galesburg, was
a store-room  built by Deacon Chambers, on Main street
and afterward used for mercantile purposes. In the winter of
1839 the first Academy building was used for religious meet.
ings, which were thenceforward constantly held there until
this house was opened for worship in 1846. The seven years
in which the Church worshiped in the old Academy were
memorable as a period of spiritual prosperity and almost
constant progress.  Many were the seasons of refreshing
from the presence of the Lord there enjoyed, and of not a
few now in Heaven, and of many on their way thither, it
may be said,'"this and that man was born there." Although
worship was commenced in this house in the summer of
1846, it was not finished and dedicated till the beginning of
1848. For some three years after this it was the only house
for public worship in the village, and Christians of every
denomination were accustomed to worship together here.
In 1851 the adjoining Lecture room was built, which has
been a great convenience for social worship, for a session
room and for meetings of general interest, but miscellaneous
in character.
Professor Gale, with the aid of Rev. Mr. Waters, was
acting pastor of the Church the first three years.  Mr.
Foote supplied the pulpit for one year.  Mr. Gale then
resumed his pastoral labors for a year, and was succeeded by
President Kellogg, who was stated supply for two years.
For the next year the pulpit was supplied by Rev. Messrs.
Marsh, Waters. and Hiollister. From May 1844 till the end




HISTORICAL DISCOURSE.              19
of 1845, Rev. Mr. Parker was acting pastor.  M[r. Kellogg
then was installed as pastor, and officiated till the failure of
his health in the spring of 1847. President Blanchard succeeded him in his ministerial and pastoral labors, and gave
place to Mr. Bascom  in December, 1849, whose pastorate
closed in  Jay, 1856. lHis successor was Rev. Charles M.
Tyler, whose pastoral relation  to the Church continued
about three years. MIr. Barnard was then stated supply
for six months, and was succeeded by the present pastor,
iRev. F. T. Perkins, who already lacks but little of having reached the length of the longest pastorate which
had preceded his. Long may it be before history shall give
us the name of his successor. If the Church has not been
edified by the ministry of these thirty years, surely it has
not been for the lack of variety.
In 1845 the government of the Church was modified and
an accommodation plan adopted, which secured to both
Congregationalists and Presbyterians their preferences, and
gave the Church a double ecclesiastical connection. ""In
1856 the term Presbyterian was dropped from her name, and
she has since been known as the first Church of Christ,
having withdrawn from Presbytery a year or two before.
In May, 1 85, the second Presbyterian Church was organized with thirty members, dismissed from this Church for
this purpose; and in December of the same year the Old
School Presbyterian Church was organized with eighteen
members. In November, 1855, the first Congregational
Church was organized with fifty members, most of whom
were dismissed from this Church to join the new organization.
The Methodist Episcopal Church, the Baptist and the
Swedish Evangelical Lutheran were organized in the order
now named, in 18479 1848 and 1852. In October, 1856, a
Swedish Methodist and also a Colored Methodist Church
were organized and subsequently an Episcopal Church, a
German Lutheran, a Colored Baptist, and a Roman Catho



20                HITSTORIC4AL DISCGOURSiE.
lic.  A  Universalist Church has also held a somewhat
prominent position in the place for about twelve or fif.
teen years, Thus we see, while this spacious house of
worship met the wants of all Galesburg fifteen years ago,
fourteen houses, several of which are spacious and handsome
edifices) are now  demanded.  If such increased church
accommodations are really needed and filled, it indicates a
degree of growth and prosperity, both temporal and
spiritual, which is rarely witnessed.
This Church truly deserves to be called the Mother of
Churches, and of some, of her offspring she may well be
proud, while some of the younger generation around her,
would probably prefer to trace their lineage to a source more
remote, if not more illustrious. The present membership
of the Church is 362, still making her a little larger, as
she always ought to be, than any of her descendants.
This Church has always been self-sustaining. Though
planted in a new and uncultivated missionary field, her relation has always been that of a nursing mother to the feebler
and more destitute, rather than a recipient of other's bounty.
This Church and colony have from the beginning taken
high and unequivocal ground on the questions of RIeform
which have agitated the nation. The original colony and
the early settlers were of one heart and  one mind, in
this respect, At their meeting in Whitesboro, the winter
before the settlement was begun, a committee, consisting of
Smith, West, and Tompkins, was appointed to report what
measures should be taken to guard the morals of the colony.
I do not find a formal report of this committee, but I do find
that a prohibition of the manufacture and sale of intoxicating-drinks on the premises, is inserted in every title deed of
real estate, sold by the colony, and forfeiture to the College
is the penalty of violating that condition.  I infer that this
very important safe-guard to the morals of Galesburg was
thus early recommended by that committee. Wise forethought!  Precious legacy to those that shall come after




HISTORICAL DISCOURSE.             21
them! Let Galesburg prize the precious inheritance received
from the founders of the place, of exemption from the curse
of the Liquor traffic; and let her hand down to coming generations, that inheritance unsullied. Shame on the descendants or successors of such men as founded this colony, that
shall ever consent to sell their birth-right of Temperance,
and of uncompromising hostility to the Liquor traffic. Total
abstinence from intoxicating drinks and opposition to slavery
have been a condition of membership in this Church from
the beginning.
The members and the ministry of this Church have
always been in favor of carrying radical anti-slavery principles into politics as well as into religion.  They have
insisted on voting as well as praying for liberty.  And
she has done what she could to save the country, and give
liberty to her oppressed millions, not only by her prayers
and votes, but by sending into the army her full quota of
brave soldiers who knew how to fight the battles of freedom.
It only remains now to address a few words of congratulation to the surviving founders of Galesburg and of its
noble institutions. My friends, yours has been a favored lot.
It was a kind Providence that chose you for such a work as
God has permitted you here to accomplish. You have been
benefactors of your country and of mankind. Not only
this community, but the world owes you a debt of gratitude
for the moral heroism with which you gave yourselves to
this work; for the faith and patience with which you prosecuted it; for the self-denial and fortitude with which you
endured hardness, as good soldiers of Jesus Christ.
You have not forgotten, and we will not forget, the long
years in which you had to labor and wait for the realization
of your hopes. The early history of your enterprise seemed
a day of small things; hope was often deferred; embarrassments, trials and discouragements were multiplied and prolonged.  But the bow  of promise always spanned your
sky, and hope was an anchor to your souls. The leaders and




22                 HISTORICAL DISCOURSE.
prominent actors in your enterprize are worthy of great
praise; but they deserve not all the honor; it is the rank
and file in the army which receive and give the hard blows
that bring the victory.  And so it has been with the toiling
farmers, the industrious mechanics, and the patient and working housewives, that have fought the battles of this thirty
years' struggle, and achieved the victory which we celebrate
to-day. I congratulate you on your success; and in the name
of the community, and of the thousands who have shared
the advantages of your institutions, I thank you for all you
have done and suffered for their benefit. And in your
behalf, I thank God that he has spared you to this day to witness the results of your enterprise. Did I say results? A1h!
these are not yet developed.  What we see and rejoice in
tooday are only some of the first firuits; the full harvest will
be reaped by successive generations, long after you have
gone.  And the full value of the results can be known only
in eternity. But beware my friends, that you cherish not
the spirit that says:'" This is great IBabylon that I have
built."  Remember always, that he that planteth is nothing,
and he that  watereth is nothing, but God that giveth the
increase. To God belongs all the glory of your achievements.
Many with whom  you started this enterprise, are not
here to-day. You cherish their memory with unusual tenderness and affection; you went with them to the house of
God, and took sweet counsel with them in the days of darkness and trial; and you rejoiced with them in seasons of prosperity and of spiritual refreshing.  Would that time would
permit me to speak fitting words of eulogy for each. But it
is not needful; their very names recall the history of their
lives, and their best eulogies are your memories of what
they were. Smith, Mills, and Lyman, fell on the threshold
of your enterprise. Swift, West, and Conger, bore with you
the heat and burden of the day for a few years and then
went early to their reward. Bergen, Prentice, McMullen,
Goodell, HEolyoke, Williams,  Dunn, Weeks, Willard,




HISTORICAL DISCOURSE.                23
Leonard, and Gary, are cherished in your memories as
brothers beloved, Ferris, Bunce, Waters, and Gale, were
strong pillars'in the edifice you were rearing.  But they,
too, having finished their work, have gone to their rest.
Nor will you forget Spencer, whom you first learned to love
as a pious, active Christian  pupil in  your Academy, and
afterward as a minister, honored of God, in leading many souls
among you to the Saviour.
Others, who were for a time identified with you, have been
called to other fields, and still live to labor elsewhere for the
same cause. Amnong this class the names of Kellogg, Foote,
Parker, and Blanchard, will always be prominent in your grateful recollections. May they long live to serve God and their generation as faithfully and successfully as they did with you. Mr.
Kellogg had, from  the beginning, aided the interests of the
colony by his judicious counsels and his liberal pecuniary assis-,
tance. While he was President of the College, and while
pastor of the Church, his whole heart, influence, and resources
were enlisted in putting forward the interests of the colony, and
in accomplishing its grand designs. His unselfish and magnanimous services deserve a lasting remembrance.
How wonderful has been the period of time, covered by your
enterprise! What changes have transpired; what progress has
been made in the useful arts, in the facilities of travel, and of
transmitting intelligence! What growth of our country has
been witnessed; what progress in our State within these thirty
years. Well do you remember the political parties, and the
political questions of thirty years ago. Where are they now?
You remember the first votes you gave for an anti-slavery
ticket. It seemed a day of small things on your side, but now
your principles govern Congress, and rule the Nation.  You
remember those anti-slavery prayer meetings in the old Academy.   Look which way you would for help to the slave,
you could see only a dead wall high as Heaven.  No door
of hope was opened, but you believed that he who opened
the Red Sea for the deliverance of his ancient people fiom
oppression, could bring Liberty to our oppressed millions, with
a mighty hand and an outstretched arm.  You there prayed




24                  HISTORICAL DISCOURSE.
in faith, and by terrible things in righteousness God has
answered you. "Jehovah has triumphed, his people are free."
In view of what you have been permitted to witness in
your day  and  generation, what may  you not hope  for
in the future!  This world is to be disenthralled, reclaimed,
and regenerated. The bright visions of prophecy are to be
realized. All shall know  the Lord, and the earth shall be
filled with His glory.  As you close up your earthly labors,
let it be in the full confidence that the Kingdom  of God shall
universally prevail; and in thankfulness that you have been permitted to do something to prepare the way for its comning and
triumph.




STATISTICAL. PAPER.
Business here began in 1835, with the purchase of 10,746,81-100 acres of
land for $14,821,10-100; which, with the expenses of exploration, amounted
to $16,559,7-100. In 1836 colonists began to take possession, and to build
log cabins at Henderson Grove.
During that season building was the principal business of our Pioneer Fathers. Within a year "Log City" was of some renown. Like other cities
with room enough in the great world outside-" Log City" had too great a
population for its accommodations. Hence three or four families were crowded
into a single cabin. One Philemon Phelps, not following the fashions of the
" city," went out in the country in the autumn of'36, and on the open prairie
built the first frame house; a house known in "modern times " as the old
" I-Iolyoke house." It stood on the lot now covered by Mr. Mathews' new
brick store, occupied by Ml]r. Hawkinson, on Main street, east of Prairie.
Besides building cabins the colonists, during that summer, raised a little corn,
a few potatoes and garden vegetables on the " colony farm," purchased a few
cows, and went seventy miles to mill. During the cold winter of 1836-7 those
men and women had a good time amid their many privations, to meditate on
something good for this portion of Illinois.
With the spring of'37 came new families and an increase of business. Geo.
Avery built the second frame house, which was afterwards moved out into the
world to the lot now  occupied by his present residence of brick.  The
old house, still stands across the way a little east of its former position, a
relic of olden times, covered now as then with "Hoosier boards "-boards
rived and shaved about a yard in length. During the summer, ", The Prairie"
says Mr. Gale " was the theater of a busy  activity in the erection of buildings and opening of farms." Mr. Gale's statement that the Academy building
was erected during this year (1837) must be a mistake; for the account books
of the College show that it could not have been commenced till about June, nor
completed before December of 1898.
A settlement had been fairly made; it consisted of those whlo came in 1836
-173 individuals, and those who came in the spring of 1837 —59 individualstotal 232. Of these 165 or 71 per cent. are still living; of those then married




26                         STATISTICAL  PAPER.
nearly 60 per cent. are still living; of those then unmarried over 80 per cent.
These are remarkable facts; those families had been accustomed to the
comforts of good Eastern homes. Here they lived in log cabins made of green
timber, in one case without a floor, and with several families in a cabin, experiencing a winter so unusually cold that old "Hoosiers" and " Suckers" insisted that the Yankees brought it along with them.
Then, too, some of these men had passed the middle of life. One, Mr.
Chambers, was fifty years old, and yet, after thirty years, 70 per cent. are still
living. Of men then regarded as within the shadows of age, we have now
with us, Deacons Simmons, Tompkins, and Chambers. Long-long-may the
good men remain-bright lights in the Church of God. A few years after the
settlement of this colony, a gentleman, in a stage coach pronounced all Illinois
so unhealthy that there was not a place in it where a family of children could
be raised.  Mr. WV. Selden' Gale replied to him:  "In the place where Ilive,
fifty-three children were born in the first two years of the settlement, of whom
fifty-two are living."
It is not easy to realize that we have among us so large a number of men
and women who remember when between the high ground known as the "Knox
place," two and a half-miles south-east of us, and Henderson Grove, three and
a half-miles north-west; there was nothing but wild prairie grass and rosin
weed, not a tree or shrub, nothing to obstruct the vision, excepting the cabin
of Mr. Luther Gay, a little this side of the grove, a low cabin, yet, as standing
out on a naked prairie, it so loomed up that for years it was called the " Lighthouse. "
Those Pioneers were mostly Christians, and strictly temperate in all their
habits. Their remarkable longevity asserts that temperance and godliness
are profitable unto all things. Besides, these Pioneers had a great idea; they
came for a good work, and were cheerful and happy amid their trials-never
happier-so they say; and hence, like the older Pilgrims, they were of such
stuff as not, because of trials, to wish themselves back again.  Such men had
a right to live; a right resting on a Divine promise.
The population of Galesburg in 1846 was about 800; in 1856-4000; and in
1866-8000, or, including the township, 9000.
Galesburg has had a healthy growth,
Half atownship in 1835 cost.................. $16,559 On the same basis assessments in
Total assessments in 1849................... 6,94 1866 would be........$1,600,00
cc" " 4' 1855.................. 399,700
This property estimated at its full value, would amount to at least $5,000,000.
The lot on which stands the store of Inlles, Murdoch & Co., 66x112 feet, cost
them $7000.
The mercantile business of Galesburg was commenced in the spring of 1837
by C. S. Colton, in a log cabin at the Grove. After a few months he removed
to the building which he had erected for his dwelling and store on the corner of
the public square, now occupied by his large brick block.




STATISTICAL   PAPER.                             a
In that store he did most of the business of the town for ten years.  A portion of that old store now stands on Chambers street between Main and North,
revealing through the paint the name, "C. S. Colton" on one end, and ohi' t1
street side, "Books, Stationery, Paints, etc., etc."  In its chimney are somo;6f
the first brick made in Galesburg.   Knoxville and Henderson were tel places
for trade during those years. For a long time if one wanted apiece of stove
pipe he was obliged to go to Knoxville, perhaps to Farmington, and sometimes
even for thread and needles.
In 1840 Mr. Colton went into the pork trade; and collected from  the twio
counties of Knox and Warren, 192 hogs-all he could buy.  These were driven
to Warsaw, slaughtered and shipped to New Orleans, at a loss of ten per centi
In 1841 he purchased 1250, and made nothing.   In 1842 the standard price of
hogs was one dollar and fifty cents a hundred. There were no beef cattle to be
had. Dealers from Ohio bought and drove off the steers, as dealers from this
State have gone to Arkansas and Texas for young stock to be driven home and
fatted for market.  Wheat was carted to Chicago and sold at 45 to 50cts per
bushel.
In the meantime Mr. Chambers opened a store on the corner of the Square,
now  occupied  by  Olmsted & Downs.   Then followed  several unsuccessful
attempts at the mercantile business; till Mr. Johnson, of Knoxville, established
a branch store here.  Then came the Willards who built up a good business.
During the second decade the business of the place was constantly increasing
with the tide of population, and growing prosperity of the College.   At the
end of this periobd all were alive, many were building air castles, some
were running wild with speculation.   A brilliant bubble had been blown all
over this Western country. Great cities were about to spring out of the
ground; everybody was soon to become rich.   Railroads were to run in every
direction; and Galesburg become a great city.   How that great bubble burst
in 1857 is well remembered, and the depression that followed; with the embarrassments and losses growing out of the miserable " wild cat" banks and
"stump tail" currency which so cursed this State.
During the last decade the business of our city has had a marked growth.
The following figures, obtained from the U. S. Assessor, or directly from business parties, though given in round numbers, closely approximate to the actual
amount of business done here in twelve months:
Stock and Produce trade.................$1,600,000 Agricultural articles........................125,000
Dry Goods...................................  545,000    Drugs,  etc.......................................  60,000
Cloths and Clothing........................  290,000 Crockery (outside Grocery stores)...... 12,000
Boots and Shoes (outside of Dry          Musical Instruments.................... 40,000
Good stores)............................  35,000 Sewing Machines...........................  5,000
Fancy Goods and Toys....................  47,000 Books and Stationery........................ 30,000
Groceries..............................  460,000 Lumber, 5,000,000 feet....................... 185,000
Hardware...................    154,000 Leather.....................................:....  18,000
Amount, exclusive ef many smaller interests....................................$3,606,000




28                                  STATISTICAL   PAPER.
MANUFACTURES:
No. OF mEN EMPLOYED.               WAGES.                   PRODUCTS.
Wagous and Plows.......................    50...................  $35,000.............. $53,000
Corn Planters.............................150.;.........................*   96,000.......................... $200,000
Sugar Mill, Hay Press, Valve          0
and Foundry Establishments}100............................ 72,000.... 440,000
Furniture..........................    22............................ 12,000................................  45,000
(Including both manufactured  l
and sold)                         5   t
Harness, Shoes, Household Goods.. 41........................... 26,000.............................   80,937
Brick (part of a year).................. 40.............................. 8,500..........................    20,000
Preparing Hemp for Market......... 25............................. 10, 000.25,000
Marble  ead Stones............................................................................................  11,000
Pumps..........................................................................................................    6,787
Candy............................................................................  1,668
Can dy..,.,,.,,,,,,,, 1,668
Sorghum, 14 000 gallons.......................................................................................  14,000
Soap....................................................................................................................  25,000
Gents' Clothing...................................................................................  60,000
Millinery.................................,......................,.....................................40,000
Photographs...... $12 000.....Picture Frames......$4 000....................................  16,000
Total............................................................................................................
Total.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.,.,,,,,,,-,,......$1,038,392
As the party of Hugh  Conger and  Nehemiah  West  were  approaching  the
chosen site for their colony, on the first of June, 1836, they stopped for the
night near what is now called Victoria, They were short of provisions. The
family where they called had no meal. Corn was ground in a hand mill, and
"corn dodgers" made for supper. The next day dealing out their scanty supplies
to the younger members of the party, they made their way, weary and  hungry,
to Henderson Grove, gathered up what they could for supper from   the Hoosier
families scattered  through  the "timber;"  and  took  their  first meal  from   a
table, consisting of a door from an old Hoosier cabin, resting on boxes. There
was so little wheat in this region then that a colonist in some instances spent
a week  ingathering up  half a dozen  bushels of it;  and  then  spent  another
week in carrying it to Andover, (thirty miles) or further to Oquaka and waiting
his turn for his "grist," or even seventy miles to a steam mill at Pekin. There
was indeed a mill nearer, "Roger's mill," more recently known as " Olmsted's."
But in d.iy times it could not grind.    Now, if you wish  it, mills right: at your
door can grind for you 1,000 bushels in twenty-four hours. When all running,
our mills grind daily 400 bushels of wheat, and 100 bushels of corn; proceeds
for a year about $250,000. There were slaughtered for our consumption last
year 1V60 beef cattle; 859 sheep; 443 hogs; making the business of our meat
markets amount to $100,000.
The growth of our city is shown by  the increase  of its Post Ofice blusiness.
A newspaper paragraph recently stated that among the worthy deeds which an
aged couple had never done was the mailing  of a letter.
* For eight months. During the summer months many of these men work as carpenters.
t  Some of the furniture of the Pioneers was easily made, as a "spring bedstead" with but
one post. Taking the corner of a log cabin, bore holes in the logs for three corners, set up a
post for the fourth, then with the sides and ends set. in and fastened, lay  across "Hoosier
boards," with a good spring to them  and you have a luxury as compared with a "puncheon
bed."  The rule for travellers in the early days was one puncheon to a man. The story is that
a company was so crowded one night, that they could lie only on one side; and as one rose in
the night, the rest improving the chance for relief, turned back, so that on seeking his puncheon again, the nan up could get in only as he waked the whole row and set them up
edgewise.




STATISTICAL   PAPER.                               29
They had existed. So have Egyptian mummies. A friend of mine was asked
not long ago, in North Carolina, if he thought the United States Government
would ever catch Jefferson Davis.   Semi-civilized communities have little use
for mails.  As communities rise in civilization they read and write, and still rise
as they increase their correspondence.
The business of this office has always been large for the population. The
colo nists for a year went to Knoxville for their mails; and brought them thence
once a week on horseback.  During the winter of 1837 —8, the people of "Log
City " took their letters from the window-sill of Rev. Mr. Gale; and paid
twenty-five cents for a letter from the East, and this for each separate piece of
paper, however light or small. It was not long before the colonists rejoiced
in a semi-weekly and then a tri-weekly mail.  When Mr. Wm. HI. Holcomb, of
Knoxvile, advertised his stage to run from Peoria to  Oquawka, and touch  at
certain flourishing villages, Galesburg was not named.
After much difficulty the colonists obtained an office, and a mail direct. The
mails were not heavy in those days, consisting only of a few letters, a few copies of the New York Observer, Evangelist, and New York Express, bringing
the news two or three weeks old.  Mr. W. Selden Gale, who was postmaster in
1850 —3, remembers when on a Monday morning, an unusually large mail of
one hundred letters was sent off.  The income of the office did not probably
exceed $1500 during either of these years.
The returns from this office for the quarter ending March 31st, 1866, as furnihsed by the postmaster, C. E. Carr, Esq., through his chief clerk, Mr. George
Colville, present the following facts:
"Quarterly sales of stamps and stamped envelopes..............................................$2,455,07
"   amount of unpaid postage collected...........................................................   230,60
tr" "    " postage upon regular newspapers and magazines.......................  95,94
Upwards of 2,000 regular newspapers are receive d weekly, from all parts of
the country, for delivery to subscribers.  Among religious papers the Inde.
pendent stands first, with 110 subscribers.  Number of boxes rented nearly
1,000.
Gross receipts of Postoffice quarterly (average)......................................................... $3,021,05
Net     "   to U. S. after defraying expenses of office........................................... 1,925,30
Number of letters received per week for delivery.......................................   5,083,, ", ",   ",,"  quarter for delivery..................................66,079
And for a year considerably over a quarter of a million.
Of this number are delivered 981 out of every thousand; the remainder, less
than two per cent. of the whole, being advertised as "unclaimed," and eventually finding their way back to the writers through the Dead Letter office.
The number of letters sent from the Galesburg postoffice, will average, all
the year'round, the same as that of those received —from five to six thousand
weekly.   About the same number as in the case of letters received, fail from
various causes to reach the parties addressed, and are returned to the writers
through the Dead Letter office.
The money order system is of recent date; but the business is steadily on
the increase. For the quarter ending March 31st, 1866, the aggregate amount




30                        STATISTIC AL  PAPER.
of the orders issued (all in small sums) footed up $1,974,49-100-of orders
paid, $1,110,26.
The office ranks as the third or fourth in the State, and the literary character of our people-as shown in the items of letters received and sent-will
challenge any town of like size to produce its equal.   Many letters also go
directly through the mail car.
Besides what comes through the postoffice, news agents distribute
Daily Papers..........................................270   Weekly Miscellaneous Pamphlets..............  50
Weekly Political Papers...........................200 Monthly Magazines.........2.....................250
" Illlustrated  Papers......................300
Total of different publications regularly taken outside of the Postoffice........................1,070
During the late war the citizens of Galesburg expended from $4,000 to
$5,000 a year for daily news.
OUR RAIL ROADS.
Not till long after the settlement of this place was there any railroad west
of the Alleghanies. Our Pioneer Fathers were about eight weeks coming
hither from Vermont; six weeks from Central New York.  For several years
a merchant's trip to New York took eighteen or twenty days; four to six days
to Chicago. A trip to Chicago and back, with a loaded wagon, required two
weeks. When the Michigan canal was opened you seemed quite near to Chicago; you could reach that village-as it then was-by stage to Peoria; steamboat to La Salle; then by canal boat; in forty-eight hours-about the time
now required to reach New York.
From the slow and hard wagon, to the stage and steamer, was a great change.
But what a change from the coach to one of Pullman's magnificent $20,000
sleeping cars-splendid as a palace-easy as a cradle-gently rocking one to
sleep at ten o'clock in the evening-giving him' pure air to breathe all nightenabling him to rise in Chicago with the sun-wash and prepare for business
as if at a first-class hotel.
The first railroad idea here was for a track to Peoria.  Fifteen years ago a
charter was obtained for a road from Peoria to Oquawka, to run two and ahalf
miles south of Galesburg; with a station at Knoxville and another eight miles
distant, on the county line, leaving this place-nowhere, but five miles from
Knoxville. Our citizens plead for a station at this point, and offered to take
stock to the amount of $20,000. They thought only of reaching Peoria, and
Q:market by rail and Illinois river. There was also a: charter for a road from
Quincy to La SalIe-in words not to run PEast of Knoxville, and in thought not
to run West of that place. Again Galesburg was left out in the cold.
Despairing of accommodation from either road, if ever built, the people here
determined to reach the Rock Island road at Sheffield. A  correspondence
was opened; meetings were held; an organization formed; a charter secured,
small subscriptions obtained; the route surveyed, and Mr. C. M. Carr put into
the field as agent to wake up the people. Still the enterprise dragged. Many
stood looking towards Peoria. The Rock Island company failed to "know
their day."




STATISTICAL   PAPER.                                       31
But earnest men and stern difficulties were educating the public mind and
stretching  it on  beyond  Sheffield to Aurora-the  terminus of  the  Chicago
and Aurora road-and preparing for a strike direct to Chicago. Fortune
turned on a single  incident, a casual meeting  in  Boston, of  Mr. C. S. Colton
with Mr. Grimes, of Iowa-now U. S. Senator-and Mr. Wadsworth, President
of the Chicago and Aurora road. Thus was secured important aid at each end
of the proposed road. Soon after this, Mr. Brooks, President of the Michigan
Central, and  Mr. Joy, the  first and  present President of  our road, were
enlisted.  Eastern capital was now obtained, and the road made certain.  The
first charter was enlarged; the road was built and, in 1854, opened.   Finally,
in order that the Peoria  and Oquawka road might be finished, the "Military
Tract " road, as our road was first called, had to buy it.   The C. B. & Q., now
has 400 miles of road.
This passage of history is given to show what Galesburg enterprise had to do
to secure this great road.
The railroad business at this point is important.  Taking the month of May
as an average month, the amount of Merchandise shipped from this point during the last year was 40,831,176 lbs., on which was charged a freight of
$104,554,64.
Our stock and grain dealers ship largely from other points. At this station
the shipments for the year ending June 1st, 1866, have been
Grain         9...................400 000 bushels  Sheep..................................  200 head
Cattle.................................... 2 600 head  Horses................................ 50  "
Hogs..................................   9 000  "'  Broomu  Corn...........................685 000 lbs.
Cash collected on freight received, for the year............$136,882,67.
This department has employed seventeen hands, and paid for their labor
$10,200 for the year.
It would be a fact of interest, if known, how many, during the first ten years
after the settlement of the place, started on a journey.
The number of passengers by rail from Galesburg in the year ending April
30th, 1862, was 28,651; in the year ending April 30th, 1866, was 82,555.
Increase of travel in four years, 53,904.
The following statement from Superintendent HIitchcock shows the increase
of business in the train department:
TRAIN  MEN EMPLOYED AT GALESBURG,  MAY, 1856.
No.                                                          AMOUNT.
Conductors................................................................................................354 50
Baggage Man........................................................................................................  35 00
Brakemen................................................................182 49
Total amount................ 15................$....................................................... $571 99
TRAIN MEN EMPLOYED AT GALESBURGX  MAY, 1866.
No.                                                         AMOUNT.
Passenger Conductors........ 11....................................... 712 36
Freight         "......... 37...................................................................................2 652 19
Baggage Men..                9.430 6......................................... 430 62
Passenger Brakemen....9......................................    338 05
Freight        "..........  75............................................................7  3 119 39
Total amount141..........................$,.....................................  252 61
Amount of wages for twelve months...................................................................$87 031 32




32                              STATISTICAL   PAPER.
The carpenter's department has done a large amount of work. The present
extensive Freight House, and Carpenter's Shop, were built in 1855; the large
Passenger House in 1856; the  Locomotive Repair Shop, 50x150, in 1861-2.
This /Car Shop was burned  and rebuilt, 50x180, in 1863.
At different times other buildings have been erected, as the present office
building, storage buildings, and an engine house with stalls for thirty-five
engines.  This department employed during the fall of 1863 and the year'64, an
average of 180 men. It now has an average of seventy-five men, on a yearly
pay of $32,200.
Arrangements are being made to dig a large well, sufficient to supply all the
water that may be needed for many years, at a cost of from $8,000 to $10,000.
Other improvements are contemplated, to meet the demands of the increasing
business of the road.
LOCOMOTIVE DEPARTMENT.
The Locomotive department of the C. B. & Q. R. R., at Galesburg, employs
from  230 to 240 men of -all classes; whose  pay ranges from  $1 30 to $3 40
per day.
Average  monthly   expenditure for labor......................................................................11  311  00'        "           "    "    material..................................................................... 4   720   00
"       "           "       " oil, &c......................................    2 580 00
$18 561 00
THE EXPENDITURES FOR THE YEAR ENDING APRIL 30. 1866.
Labor on engines.....48 927 81  Oil and waste on engines....................11 107 80
Material on  "................................34 319 13
Making a total expense on engines of.............................................................. $94 354 74
Labor on track, buildings, cars, etc..40 135 63 Oil & waste used on build'gs, cars... 19 251 23
Material used on          "..........22 160 63
$81 547 49
For Engineers, Firemen, and Wipers, etc., one year....................$46 670 00.
Mlaking a total of Labor....................135 733 44 ( Mak'g a total of oil, tallow, rags........30 359 03
" " "Material................ 56 479 76
Total.........................................................................................................................$222 572 23
TRA C   DEPARTMENT.
The number of men employed in the Track Department at Galesburg is 60These are regular men and work steadily the whole year round. Most of these
are men with families, ani hence probably spend or leave all their earnings in
Galesburg, thus materially contributing to the wealth of the place.
The aggregate pay of these men was $30,475,00. In addition to these regular men, there were employed in Galesburg, in the construction and extension
of side-tracks, etc., etc., twenty men for about seven months, at an expense for
labor, teams, in grading, etc., etc., of about $7,500,00; a good share of which
was paid to men who are permanent residents here.
There were about one and one-half miles of new side-track and extensions
to side-tracks laid in Galesburg during the past year.  The cost of material for
these constructions was $18,000.
THE CAR  DEPARTMENT.
This department has employed during the year, on an average, 81 1-6 men;
average pay per month, $47,09; amounting in the year to $45,863,53.   Value
of material used in repairs, $79,107,65; total, $124,971,18.




STATISTICAL  PAPER.                         33
TELEGRAPH.
When this prairie was purchased for a town, Prof. Morse had not asked Congress for aid to enable him to test his great discovery. Not till 1844 was the
telegraph put into successful operation between Washington and Baltimore.
Mr. Tubbs furnishes the following statement:
"In May, 1856, the Illinois and Mississippi Telegraph Company owned one
wire from Chicago to Burlington-207 miles-with ten offices.   Receipts of
Galesburg office about one-fifth their present amount. In May, 1866, the
Illinois and Mississippi Telegraph Company owned one wire from Chicago to
Keokuk-250 miles; another from Chicago to Mendota-85 miles-thence over
the Illinois Central Railroad to Dunleith.
"The Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy Railroad (the only road in the West
owning their own telegraph) have one wire over the entire length of their
road and its branches; a second wire from Chicago to Mendota, which will be
extended to Galesburg this fall, (1866); a third wire for the accommodation of
the general offices in Chicago from their passenger depot, foot of Lake street,
via South Branch Freight Depot to their extensive docks.
" Total number of miles of wire owned by the road, 513; total number miles
on line of road, 805; number of offices, 59.
"We claim as complete a system of Train Dispatching as any road in the
country. The present business of the road could not be done over a single
track without it. Since its adoption-two years.ago-not a wheel has been off
the track, chargeable either directly or indirectly to it.
"The number of messages received and sent at the Galesburg office in May,
1856, was 176; in Mlay, 1866, 11,780. Office employees, June, 1856, operators
one, messengers one; June, 1866, operators and train dispatchers, six; battery
and delivery clerks, two. Office salaries June, 1856, $30,00; June, 1866,
$721,00."
These figures are full of meaning.  Many a dispatch contained a great history-one single telegram-fortunes turn. In no other so brief a form is there,
or can there be, condensed so much of thought, emotion, and business, as in
the telegrams of the day.
EXPRESS.
Another marked fact of a kindred character is found in the EXPRESS BUSINESS at this point.  The business done at this office for the month of
January, 1855, amounted to $78,00. This was the first year of the Express
Business at this point. The amount in the month of January, 1866, or eleven
years later, is $2,477, an increase of $2,399.
Taking January as a fair average, the business for the year amounts to $29,724.
Business now, could not dispense with the Telegraph or Express.
Thanks to the gentlemenly officials of the road for aid, cheerfully rendered,
in obtaining these facts.
Mr. Sellon, in a brief history of Galesburg published in 1857, states that the




34                          STATISTICAL  PAPER.
whole number of men employed in the several departments of the road, at
Galesburg, was 145. The number now employed, including Express men, is
634.  Their annual wages amounting to  364,694,12.   This Railroad business
itself reveals much in regard to the business of the city.  It is not strange
that the stock of the C. B. & Q. R. R., which in 1860 was only 38 cents, is now
in 1866, 115 cents.
As this portion of our State is rapidly developing; as railroad lines are
extending Westward from Burlington  and Quincy to the Missouri river, to be
connected with the great National Pacific Road-who will grow bold enough
to predict the value of the C. B. & Q., stock in 1876?
Many minor interests have not been looked into for lack of time.  But in the
facts here given we have some results worthy of thought. Using round numbers for convenience, we have of laborers-mostly mechanical (including the
R. R. men) eleven hundred, with w ages amounting to $660,000.  We have an
aggregate of business
Stock and Produce.........................$1 600 000 Flouring Mills................................$250 000
Mercantile....................................    2  006  000   Meat Markets.................................. 100  000
Manufactures............................... 1  038 000
Total.............................................................................................................. $ 994 000
It is fair to state the aggregate as $5,000,000, exclusive of many smaller
branches of business, and also of the heavy Railroad business.
Our business though increasing, is sound and healthy.   Speculation for the
future is not the work of these figures.  They give the facts of the present.
What now exists is far beyond the anticipations of the good men and women
who looked over this prairie thirty years ago. But not for gain, not for anything less than a sound Christian education, did our Pioneer Fathers come,
This should still be the great end.  What we do to build up noble characters
in ourselves, and in the generations to come, in the millions to dwell on this
old magnificent " Military Tract," is the great thing.
In 1836-7, a school was taught at the Grove, bothl in the common and academic branches, by Prof. Losey and Miss Lucy Gay. Another school was opened
in the winter of 1837 by Miss Fanny Hitchcock, (Mrs. Hayner) in a small house
-erected for this purpose-on the farm of MIr. Leonard Chappel, East of Mr.
Samuel Hitchcock's.  A singing school was also there taught.
Prof. Churchill states that "a public school was opened in the winter of
1839, in the second story of the Academy building-then just completed —the
one nowoccupied by Mr. Nelon as afurniture store-at the time it stood on the
corner of Main and Cherry, where the First National Bank is to be built this
summer.
"The first teacher was Mr. Van Meter, the nmun who has been so long at the
head of the Howard Mission, N. Y, City.  In a short time it was removed to a
store building owned by Matthew  Chambers, fronting what is now the Public
Square-then  wild prairie.  In 1839 or'40, the first public school house was
built under the direction of C. S. Colton. As the floor was inclined, all the
old scholars will remember this building as a capital place to slide down hill in
the spaces between the seats.  Among the many teachers who held rule in this




STATISTICAL  PAPER.                         35
house from  1840 to 1850, were Eli Farnham, Esq., James 1. Noteware, since
Superintendent or Public Schools for Kansas, Mr. McCall, for many years a
teacher in the South, and recently deceased, Mr. Marshal De Long, Mr. H.
Gaston, MIr. Deberard, Geo. Churchill, and ladies not a few. A bout the year
1850 the district was divided and new school houses were built to accommodate the rising  generation.   This sub-division went on till 1856, when
there were in the town eight districts."
During the year 1856, "these districts"-says Mr. J. B. Roberts, the present
Superintendent of Public Schools-" were consolidated with a view to more
efficient management and a better classification of the schools. No well
devised measures for the promotion of these objects, however, were attempted
until the year 1859. These measures were but partially successful, from the
fact that the Board of Directors were limited in their powers, and still more
in the means at their command. What could be done under these disabilities
and with miserably poor and insufficient school accommodations, was done. In
the year 1861, the schools were organized under a special charter from the Legislature, greatly enlarging the powers of the School Board, which now consists
of six instead of three members.  In the year 1865, these powers were still
further enlarged by an amendment to the charter.  The School Board have it
now in their power, by an enlightened and liberal policy, to make the public
schools no less the pride and honor of the city than its higher institutions ofi
learning have been in the past.
" During the School year just closed, there have been taught between fifteen
and sixteen hundred different pupils. The average membership has been from
nine hundred to a thousand. The number of teachers employed in'64 and'65 was
eigateen.  During the past year the number has been less, owing to limited
school accommodations, as rooms previously occupied could no longer be
rented. The public school buildings of Galesburg will seat 596 pupils. It will
readily be understood why several of the schools have had only half-day sessions.  The new edifice, when completed, will increase the number of sittings
by about seven hundred. This building, aside from being the best proportioned
and most comely structure of any kind in the city, will be, in its internal
arrangements and appointments as perfect as possible.  It will contain ten
large school rooms, a hall for general exercises, public entertainments, and
some smaller rooms to be used as recitation rooms and offices. The system of
ventilation is novel, but proved by experience to be the most perfect yet
devised. It is calculated that the entire body of air in each school room can
be changed every twenty minutes without opening a door or window. It is
expected that this building will be completed within the present year, at a cost
of $40,000. Its stone tablet bearing the date "1866," will be looked upon by
generations to come as marking the completion of one of the noblest enterprises in the history of our city."
Prairie College (now Knox) -was THE OBJECT for which Christian men and
women organized and built up this colony.




36                               STATISTICAL   PAPER.
This institution is still in its infancy, having graduated its first class just
twenty  years  ago.  Still it has done a good work, as the  following  statistics
furnished by Prof. Churchill, plainly show:
j               0 
17-.                5.                      _  _ 
Of  ~           S                            CD                           ea
class in te S n..,   "   "      h          l&0                                    " 0855
P;Ei Z                       ~
1847 to 1856
Of the  grand catalogue   total of 7687 stu dents, I estimate  that th          ere have
in 1837.   Fi         rst freshmen 2lAss in 1841; first cla      ss gradua   ted in  1846; firs
Incla s     s iv     the Seminary graduaed in 1851.
Greatest number in all depa'rtments for any  one ye ar wa                 s.................. 442 in 1858
a to   e 1e669   71 101  128 199      499e g   40  60   855
Least numbe r in College  or any one year since 1847 was............ 32   1865
Average number in College for 1st Decade.....36 1-3...... Seminary........ rAcademy...132 193
15  ntof6 53  58   73  107 149  38  425  78 10   1 25 17                    944215  2916' "g " cc..                      C. "42 1-2          "       33 2-5   "a          203 2-5
131 138c 189  264 404  38 1033 118 162  20 180  552-5338327196102 768
Of the  ngrand  cataloguev en                    have died;  thirty-eight athere minishave
been at least 5,000 different persons. The academic department was opened
clathree ss in thate Semissionary graduaocities;d i  1851
preivatest  number in army of voluntmeents  fo   r ay    ten havone year bee    n members of the1858
For a dozen years after graduating its first class, this College was realizing
the great idea of the olonisege, was the main object of interest, and the power
number in College for any one yeartm             since 1847 was......Senors 2......Juniors......Sophomores 4......Freshmen  3  91865
Average number ine College forlt Decde............   1...... First year  demy...132 1-3
(         L24   it  49 9-10  "    31 1-7              215 7-10
Anci "    "        " three Decades 42..............................  46   203 2-5
PrOf the 131 gentlemen graduates eleven have died; thirty-eight.................................................. 113 207minCters; twenty-four lawyers; six physicians; fourteen professors....................................................... 48and teachers;
Anthree foreign misseducationaries; three Stganizatione gentsome Missionbrary Associeties;on
three foreign mentionsuls;  two   Brevet-Brigadier   enerals;  fourty-five officers  and prelimprivates in army orgaf volunteers, Somein 1858, was merged in this,) anden hasve been250 members of the




STATISTICAL  PAPER.                               37
and a Library of 2850 volumes. All are entitled to its privileges upon the payment of a small sum. It is useful and prosperous. Its Library, managed as
efficiently as'now by Prof. Hurd, with annual additions, may, in future,be an
honor to the city, as well as a blessing to many generations of young men.
At the end of the first decade the principal object of general interest was
this house of worship, which, though unfinished, was occupied in the summer
of 1846. Here for twenty years the people of this town have held most of
their public meetings, for lectures, concerts, and a great variety of purposes.
To fit it for service for another decade it needs for improvements within and
without, an expenditure of a few thousand dollars.
At the end of the second decade the main College buildings were rising up
to adorn the city.  Now the main building is that for the High School.
For the beautiful trees now shading this house, we are much indebted to a
former pastor, Rev. C. M. Tyler.
Our city, which, ten years ago gloried in but few trees besides the Locust, is
now assuming the charming appearance of an Eastern village with its older
trees, of Elm and Maple.  More Elms, gentlemen! more Elms! for grace and
majesty combined.
Another generation will marvel that not till 1866 was there an enclosure or
a tree in the centre of the Public Square, nothing on the bare earth but the
Liberty Pole and city scales.   Another marked improvement made in the last
decade is in side walks.  The first walk was built around "Colton's Block."
Many amusing stories have been told of the loss of rubbers, shoes, and even
of boots in the mud of those days, and of persons becoming not lost but
"fixtures." In 1856 but few short spaces were covered with good walks. They
now extend in all directions quite to the city limits, amounting in all to thirty
miles in length, and costing not far from $50,000.
A people of Puritan blood and spirit, with deep religious convictions and
anti-slavery sentiments, and familiar with the business of the " Underground
Railroad " would be sure to make a good record in a war for the salvation of
the Republic.
The following figures furnished by Miss M. A. Wes t, make a fair show of the
patriotism of Galesburg:
No. of men enlisted in the township..........1200 1 Amount of bounty paid....................$23 950 00
No. of men died in the army..................... 100 Amit p'd by city to Soldiers families   16 000
Total..................................................................................................$39  950  00
Galesburg Soldier's Aid Society for soldiers, and soldier's families, disbursed
stores and money:
In 1862............................$2 397 82 Till August 1865............................ $2 694 76
In  1863.................................... 2  686  66
In 1864....................................... 5 806 89 Total from Galesburg S. A. Society..$13 586 13
Galesburg paid to the Sanitary and Christian Commissions, aside from the S. A. S.....$6 614 73
For  Soldiers  and  Freedmen's  Reading..................................................................   2 199  10
To all.......... $62 340 16
The facts of our Church History demand more space than can be afforded
now, and will claim attention next February-when the First Church will be
thirty years old.




38               FESTIVAL  AND  EVENING  EXERCISES.
An incident in our early history is worthy of record. A Mr. Davis had
enclosed forty acres of land, with the intention of " entering " it.  But the land
was included with the "entries' of the Purchasing Committee.  So also was a
farm  of a hundred and twenty acres, occupied by a MPr. Lander.   They
thought the Yankees were sharp as "speculators," and felt in no way pleasantly about it. But not long after the question was started at "a raising,"
whether the right to the forty acres of MB/r. Davis would not be relinquished.
The suggestion seemed reasonable, and was adopted.  Whereupon Mr. Lander
was encouraged to make a similar application, and was successful.  "Well,
now," said they, and the settlers about the Grove, " let the Yankees come.
They may educate oor children."  Who shall assign a market value to that high
minded transaction?  With the confidence and good will of a community, an
institution of learning may prosper, but not without such sympathy.
This paper may not be closed without the names of two business men: the
one removed in the early part of this last decade, and the other at its close.
Silas Willard, and Albert G. Watkins. Other good men have here toiled and
rested, but for none does the public heart cherish a profounder respect or
deeper love.
Greatness is in the end aimed at, and in the spirit with which business is
transacted. The greatness of our Pioueer-as of our Pilgrim Fathers-was in
the greatness of the faith and purpose with which they undertook "something
good for mankind and God's glory in these remote parts of the earth."
Let all our business men rise to the s ame hight, and be crowned with a like
glory when all use of figures shall have passed away.
FESTIVAL AND EVENING EXERCISES.
AT the close of the afternoon exercises the audience adjourned to the chapel
for supper. This room- recently refitted-was tastefully decorated for the
occasion. Across the wall, at the upper end, ran the words, in evergreen
letters, "He hath led us, by a right way, to a city of habitation."  Over the
entrance was a pyramid of flowers, having on one side a model of a log house,
with the words, " Log City, 1836," an d on the other a modern house representing "Galesburg, 1866."  The hous es were transparent, and when illuminated
appeared finely. Festoons of evergreens, gracefully connecting the side walls
with the chandelier, adorned the center. Th e tables were as inviting as shining
silver, fragrant flowers, delicious viands, and attentive waiters could make them.
The old folks' table was the rallying point for old settlers, and a happy group
they seemed  as they shook  hands and  laughed  over reminiscences of
the good old times. Over it presided one, who thirty years ago came here a
bride, now assisted by the brides of her two sons.   Outside, under a bower,
between the chapel and gate, strawberries, ice-cream, and lemonade were strong
attractions; while under the refreshing shade of the trees the old folks renewed
old friendships, and the young folks formed new ones, till eight o'clock in the
evening, when Prof. Fuhrman, who presided at the organ during all the exer



FESTIVAL  AND  EVENING  EXERCISES.                  39
cises, recalled the assembly to the Church, where addresses were made by Rev.
Hi. Foote, first pastor of the Church, who gave some pleasing reminiscences of
early times-of the way people became " fixtures " in the mud-and how he
had been shipwrecked in Cedar Forkl-running his wagon tolgue into the mud,
so as nearly " to strike ile,"-leaving nothing t o be seen of the wagon but the
shadow of the end board; by Rev. Geo. W. Duffield, Jr., pastor of the Second
Presbyterian Church, who in a happy speech, affectionately claimed a place in
the brotherhood; by R. S. ianneman, Esq., of Knoxville, who with J. G. Sanborn and their wives, were first to offer to the infant colony the right hand of
fellowship from her five year old sister, who now owns the court house and
poor farm. Also by several old settlers: Joseph iolyoke, Eli Farnham, J. G.
West, Prof. H. E, Hitchcock, Marcus Belden, telling how he had " carted "
water to run a mill at Knoxville, C. S. Colton, who explained the oneper cent,
projfts of the early days. Prof. Churchill introduced a choir of old settlers,
who had not sung together for twenty years. They sang a piece which they
had sung together at a musical Convention held in the old Academy, a quarter
of a century ago, and several times during the evening quickened our memories
of old times by their music. Letters were read from President Blanchard,
Revs. Sanford Richardson, and W. E. Holyoke, expressing their deep interest
in the occasion, and their regrets at not being able to be present. The closing
address was made by Rev. J. E. Roy, and was a fitting close to the exercises of
the day. His tribute to the founders of the town and College was given most
heartily, and his sketches of early days were graphic and pleasing.








E R R A T A.
Page 4-28th line, for "has," read "have saved."
Page 7-last line, for "1855," read''1835."
Page 30 —36th line, for "market," read "a market."
Page 32 —3d line, for "locomotive," read "car."
And add at the end of 4th line: "The Locomotive Repair Shop, 6OxlSO
with a wing 60x60."
Page 33- 29th line, for "one, &c.," read" on single telegrams."
Page 34-after the 21st line, the following paragraph should have beels
inserted:
"For the accommodation of this bmsiness we have two Banks-the First
National, with a capital of $150,000.  Net gain prior to May dividend,
$15,022,55. Amount of dividend declared, 6 per cent.; profits over dividend
declared, $5,548,90; 5 per cent. retained as tax, $i51,13.  Second National
Bank-capital, $100,000. Net Gain prior to dividend, $8,111,45; amount of dividend declared, $1, 795,67; 5 per cent. retained as tax, $405,56."