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-- ~  - - - _.  — ~ ~~ ----   r~~   - - -  -- - -I- -"Ii


THE LIQUOR TRAFFIC
".IHAIAIN THE 
H,,,,,  A ' I I AN,,,ISLAN NDS 


FRQM,18,70 TO             95
Liqu or Co       ission and theGneral Public.


HAWAIIAN QAZETTE CO.'S PRINT —7678.,: 
') AG" AM




4
yr <.
U
I 1)




THIE LhIQUOR TRTFFIG
IN THE
HAVWAIIAN IS LA DS~
FROM
1870 TO 1895.
PREPARED FOR THE Y. M. C. A. AND SUBMITTED FOR THE
CONSIDERATION OF THE LIQUOR COMMISSION
AND THE GENERAL PUBLIC.
The tables given in this pamphlet have been compiled from
the reports of the Chief Justice, the Collector-General of Customs,.
the Attorney-General, the Board of Health and the District Court
of Houolulu. The object is to place before the Legislature and
people of Hawaii a concise and accurate statement of the Liquor
Traffic and its results.
The liquor consumed in Hawaii in the years 1870-1895 inclusive would fill a trench, five feet wide and four feet deep,
reaching from Honolulu Post Office to half a mile beyond Mr.
Paul Isenberg's residence at Waialae (61 miles) and still leave a
tank holding 14,000 gallons unused.
If the population of Honolulu be taken as 25,000, in round
numbers, and supposing each man, woman and child to drink
one quart a day of liquor it would take them over twenty-six
months to drink the 4,889,284 gallons of liquor consumed here
during 1870-1895.
A glance at table No. 2 shows that the liquor traffic has
grown from 11,000 gallons in 1865 to 479,000 gallons in 1895.
aZ'    \:. ~ so i




2


In other words, in thirty years there has been an increase of
over four thousand three hundred per cent in the consumption
of liquors in Hawaii! A study of table No. 2 will also show
that this appalling increase began with the systematic attempt
made to break down the law prohibiting the sale of liquors to
Hawaiians, which ended in the repeal of that law in 1882.
From 1875 to the present the consumption of liquors has increased each half decade from nearly 100,000 to 200,000 gallons.
The results to the native Hawaiian have been most disastrous,
and the rapid decrease of the race is very largely due to the
liquor traffic and the vices which always follow in its train.
It is very difficult to arrive at the actual loss to the country
through the use of intoxicants. All calculations have to be
based upon the value, duties paid, prices etc. etc. of liquors
actually imported and withdrawn for consumption. This does
not give the real loss because it does not take into account the
immense quantities of adulterated liquors sold during the past
twenty-six years, under review. A calculation based upon the
liquors actually passed through the Custom House and supposed
to be sold pure will greatly under-state the loss to Hawaii.
A careful estimate made by Custom House Officials places the
expense to the country of the liquor traffic for 1894 at $1,250,000
at least.
At the same ratio the people of Hawaii have spent over
$17,500,000 for drink from 1870-1895.
'This is not however the total expense or loss due to drink.
Table No. 4 shows that from 1890-1893 (1894-1895 tables not
yet printed) the convictions for crimes directly due to drink
amounted to 32,600. This figures are the more significant when
it is added that the total convictions for all other criminal
offences was only 45,600. That is the one cause, liquor, produced seventy-one per cent as much crime as all other cause put
together. A reference to table No. 3 shows that the total cost to
the country of the Attorney General's and the Judiciary Departments for 1870-1894 was about $4,000,000.
Taking into account the 32,600 convictions for crimes due to
drink, and the thousands of cases tried for the same cause, but




3
escaping conviction, it is very safe to say that one-fourth of the
costs of the Attorney General's and Judiciary Departments
should be attributed to liquor as its share of the cost of courts,
Sheriffs, Police, Jails etc. We thus have a total loss to the
country through drink from 1870-1895 of $19,000,000.
This amount will be better appreciated when stated in other
ways. This money, spent on drink, would build a $5,000 house
on every 60 feet frontage on both sides of a street twenty-one
and a half miles in length.
It would buy a $2,000 lot and put a $2,750 house upon each
lot for every native Hawaiian and half-white (40,000) in the
Hawaiian Islands.
It would build a compact city covering 3,000 acres, containing
8,000 houses, each house averaging to cost $2,375.
It would build a railroads to every accessible point on Hawaii,
Maui, Oahu and Kauai in addition to building and equipping a
cable from Honolulu to America and Japan.
No doubt liquor men will point to the $5,000,000 which during
1870-1895 the government has received from the liquor traffic in
the way of duties, licenses and fines of its victims, as an
evidence of how the use of intoxicants has aided the Hawaiian
treasury. Men, do not as a rule, favor a business man, nor
think him financially helpful who puts one of his hands into a
man's pocket takes out four dollars and after keeping three,
returns one with the remark: 'You see how much I help you."
But, so far, no attempt has been made to estimate indirect losses
due to drink. We have received in the average about $190,000
yearly during 1870-1895 in duties, licenses and fines from the
liquor traffic. That sum does not begin to pay, for the annual
loss to the country of money diverted from enterprises of a
character to enrich the nation; for the withdrawal from ordinary
business of the men employed in the liquor traffic; for the
destruction of the wage-earning and saving power of those who
indulge in liquor; for the loss of life directly due to drink;
to say nothing of the progeny of poverty, moral and physical
weakness, and vice which liquor breeds and fosters and passes
down to the coming generations as its legacy.




4
What shall we do about it? Every one admits the evil
results, but it is difficult to find common ground where all may
stand. Prohibition is effective only where the great mass of
the people are thoroughly in sympathy and loyally assist in the
enforcement of the law against the importation and use of liquor
as a beverage. Have we reached that stage in Hawaii? To
leave the liquor business as it is means a steady growth of its
evil influences and effects. The history of the traffic here for the
past thirty years proves this beyond a doubt. The extremists of
either of the aforegoing methods of handling the traffic will
never be able to find common ground with anyone else. It
remains to find some plan upon which men who recognize the
evils of the traffic and wish to reduce and destroy them as
soon as possible can agree. A half or quarter loaf is better than
no bread to a hungry man. The following points are largely
taken from the liquor laws as operated in Norway and South
Carolina, United States.
1st. Combine the licenses and instead of having thirty-five or
more have one or two companies handle the whole traffic
but paying the same amount for their licenses as is now paid for
all. That is practically what we have now-two firms in
Honolulu really control the liquor business of the Hawaiian
Islands.
2nd. Limit the capital of the company or companies to a certain sum. A paid up capital of $250,000 would easily handle
the whole liquor traffic of Hawaii. Allow a reasonable amount
for expenses of management and say 7 per cent on actual capital
used, the balance of profits to be paid into the Hawaiian
treasury. This is the local plan adopted and working very
successfully for many years in Norway. This method prevents
the liquor dealer from pushing the traffic in intoxicants as he
can only get a small percent on his actual capital however large
the quantity of liquor sold.
3rd. Restrict the sale to say two places in Honolulu, thus
cutting of the heavy expenses of running fourteen retail saloons
and giving business men the chance to secure some value sites
for business purposes.




5


4th. Confine the sale of liquors to ordinary business hours.
5th. Allow no liquor to be sold except in sealed packages.
No package to be broken, nor liquor consumed upon, or in connection with the premises where the liquor is sold. This will
break up the treating system which is the chief method of
recruiting candidates for drunkards.
6th. Restrict all sales to cash.
7th. Plaee heavy penalties upon sales to minors, and if persisted in, follow by forfeiture of license.
8th. Provide for frequent and careful inspection of sealed
packages by the government chemist.   The government label
being upon each package sold. This will insure that pure liquors
only will be sold.
9th. Have all accounts audited quarterly by the AuditorGeneral. These points give in the main the features of the Norwegian system with some modifications from the South Carolina
law.
The above system if adopted in Hawaii would return into the
treasury from $500,000 to $750,000 of the profits of the liquor
traffic.
Part of this could be used for the purchase and maintenance
of a swift revenue cutter, the possession of which would largely
prevent opium smuggling and enable the government to cut its
military expenses down to at least one-half of the present amount.
Part of this sum, annually received, could be spent in providing proper sewerage systems for Honolulu and the other towns of
these Islands.
Part in acquiring the large tracts of lands now unused and by
means of small loans assist Hawaiians, Americans or European
to settle upon small farms thus giving us a stable reliable population. There are many other philanthropic and educational
purposes which could be substantially aided out of the large
profits of the traffic in liquor. There is no reason why the result
would not be here as in Norway, viz: the evils of drink would
rapidly decrease, and with the death of those now given to drink,
from long habit, the liquor traffic would gradually diminish and
die out.




TABLE NO. 1.
COMPARATIVE     TABLE    SHOWING    ANNUAL     LIQUOR   CONSUMPTION     1870-95.
SPIRITS.
ALCOHOL.    BRANDY.    BITTER AND      GIRUM.              WHISKEY.    SAMSHOO.
CORDIALS.
YEAR.
Gallons.   Gallons.     Gallons.    Gallons.    Gallons.   Gallons.    Gallons.
1870........      603       -5,910        247         6,307       509       4,232.......
1871..........   687        5,365        181         6,371       500       4,077
1872..........     688       5,105        207         6,392       420       4,436
1873.......    771        5,344        120         7,779       378       4,632..........
1874..........    624        4,789        137         6,057       406       4,814........
1875..........     789        5,506        115         7,409       412       5,641..........
1876..........    757        4,981        114         6,851       172       4,821....
1877..........    862        6,428        131         8,301       497       5,356....
1878........ —     818       10,470        278        12,088       500       6,095...
1879........  1,025     14,010        176        11,998       641       8,578..........
1880..........    1,665      18,136        363        11,664       464      10,223       5,527
1881.........    1,516      18,178        198        12,154       391      11.078       9,429
1882........      1,999      19,418        171        16,143       313      12191       15,915
1883.........     2,360      23,701        211        19,666       465      15,680      18,897




1884..........   3,627     23,116        500        21,144       361       12,764     22,663
1885..........   3,392     16,412        431        20,792       294       12,021     26,773
1886........    3,707      18,404       501        32,216       638       16,495     28,742
1887.........    1,025      13,650       405        19,738       586       11,822     27,687
1888.........   1,393      11,570       393        17,847       647       11,127     25,270
1889.........    1,622      10,046        569       22,890       256       14,066     25,367
1890.......      1,807      10,198       630        29,605       329       16,171     30,144
1891.........    2,665       9,580        615       31,435       199       16,055     27,990
1892..........   3,661       8,991      1,421       25,397       250       16,683     30,038
1893.........  2,382     4,506       340        17,320       242       13,946      7,277
1894..........    913        4,256       426        12,247       100       11,434     11,760
1895..........   1,531       4,125       364        12,991       117       12,222      8,303
Total Gallons of
each Liquor....  42,889     281,195.     9,244      402,782     10,087     266,060    321,752
Average yearly
Consumption..    1,650      10,854        356       15,492       388       10,233     20,109


Total Spirits..............................................  1,335,009  Galllons.


--


Restrictions on furnishing liquor to Hawaiians removed 1882.




TABLE NO. 1.-Continued.
COMPARATIVE TABLE SHOWING ANNUAL LIQUOR CONSUMPTION 1870-95.
WINES.


LIGHT OR
CHAMPAGNE.      CALIFORNIA. EUROPEAN      PORT.     SHERRY.       SAKI.
EUROPEAN.
YEAR. 
Doz. Qts. Doz. Pts.  Gallons.    Gallons.   Gallons.    Gallons.    Gallons.


1870.....
1871......
1872.......
1873........
1874........
1875........
1876........
1877.
1878........
1879........
1880........
1881........
1882........
1883........
1884..............................................................................................*.......... *....


e.........
i.........!..........0... o...........................  
~~~~~~~r~
*@@@*@@**.*-X ---
* ** * ~e 
~  ~  -  ~ *.................................... 2,273..........    2,697.............*3,701..............   *  7,220...........       6,611..........   * 6,850............      *  7,456............      '..* 9,504


386
327
439
446
370
420
526
358
342
982
912
940
989
1,711
1,781


1,393
951
983
1,192
849
839
694
694
1,941
401
862
1,630
673
1,368
829............
*...........
em i..............................................................................................
*.*...  




1885........
1886........
1887.......
1888........
1889........
1890........
1891........
1892........
1893......
1894........
1895.......


273
796
469
334
288
480
434
575
188
247
230


377
872
583
410
983
599
398
470
368
183
211


4,487
37,880
64,696
71,322
72,281
113,247
136,698
98,060
103,402
124,729
132,356


12,136
5,188
3,304
2,410
3,678
1,403
5,197
6,262
3,804
922


2,114
1,821
715
696
541
444
291
3,607
3,280
4,045............


971
979
617
429
363
366
361
490
1,449
1,055....  * *..  * *...........o............................................................................................
83,095
146,630


Total gals. of
each li quor.   12,942       8,181     959,149        90,616       28,483        22,379       229,725
* Gals.     * Gals.
Average 
Yearly   Con-      1,177        744       87,195        5,034         1,135          895        114,862
sumption. 
Total Wines................. 1,351,475 gallons.


* Includes Champagne and California Wines.
Restrictions on furnishing liquor to Hawaiians removed 1882.




TABLE NO. 1.-Continued.
COMPARATIVE TABLE SHOWING ANNUAL LIQUOR CONSUMPTION, 1870-1895.
MALT LIQUORS.


ALE, BEER AND PORTER.


SUNDRIES.


YEAR.


Doz. Quarts.   Doz. Pints.    Gallons.      Gallons.
--    -   _   _                     ___           _


1870......................
1871......................
1872......................
1873......................
1874.................
1875......................
1876......................
1877......................
1878......................
1879................
1880......................
1881......................
1882....................
1883...............
1884..
1884......................
1885...................
1886......................
1887.....................


3,033
11,202
9,584
15,710
14,610
21,610
21,356
27,475
30,962
27,553................
6,671
14,772
10,261
16,468
12,347
22,160
21,854
21,399
22,559
19,138


8,015
4,448
726
65
8,042
10,876
3,861
11,990
14,890


361
358
231
550
420
330
*791
*1,596
*1,128
*1,654
807
751
741
735
842............409
409




1888............        25,591              17,144             40,327                 251
1889.....................            26,062              10,073             61,863                 987
1890.....................42,659                         14,161             73,741                 458
1891.....................44,375                      22,413             50,011                 425
1892.....................15,521                         35,476             29,964              t5,593
1893.....................30,383                         11,144             47,327              t8,514
1894.....................           32,217              10,691             57,230                 160
1895..................          24,619               9,352             64,610              t6,002


Total Gallons of each Liquor    1,273,566           447,124            488,026            34,094
Gallons.* Gallons.
Average yearly Consumption         70,754            24,840             28,707             1,421
Total  M alt  Liquors..........................................   2,202,810  Gallons.
Total of all Liquors........................................ 4,889,284 Gallons.


* Includes Champagne and California Wines.
t Sundries and China Wines.: Chiefly Saki,




12
TABLE NO. 2.
COMPARISON OF LIQUOR CONSUMPTION BY HALF DECADAL
YEARS.
YEAR. SPIRITS-GALS. WINES-GALS. BEERS-GALS. TOTALr-GALS.
1860      10,112        3,428        671       14,211
1865      10,209        1,057        479       11,745
1870      17,808        1,779        361       19,948
1875      19,872        3,532        330       23,734
1880      48,042        8,994      49,438     106,474
1885      80,115       21,092     118,384     219,591
1890      88,854      117,798     223,417     430,069
1895      39,653      280,914     158,497     479,064
TABLE NO. 3.
ATTORNEY-GENERAL' S DEPARTM'NT
JUDICIARY DEPARTMENT.
Includes salaries of Attorney-GenThis includes salaries of eral, Deputy, Marshal, Police,
Judges, Magistrates, etc.  Jailors, Guards, Support and
Maintenance of Prisoners.
1870-72      $   73,562.61            $  88,412.17
1872-74          72,245.64               97,097.00
1874-76          70,441.62               95,864.47
1876-78          71,743.43               95,861.55
1878-80          79,666.97              123,663.73
1880-82          92,870.35              163,527.29
1882-84         115,891.99              266,730.45
1884-86         129,056.84              279,871.80
1886-88         154,566.08              279,819.29
1888-90         165.748.43              259,236.70
1890-92         175,751.50              391,591.71
1892-94         174,550.92              450,853.28
$1,376,096.38            $2,592,529.44




13


TABLE NO. 4.
CONVICTIONS FOR DRUNKENNESS - VIOLATIONS OF LIQUOR
LAWS-ASSAULTS-ASSAULTS AND BATTERIES —
AFFRAYS, ETC.-COMPARED WITH CONVICTIONS FOR ALL OTHER CRIMINAL
OFFENCES.


YEARS.
1870-71
1872-73
1874-75
1876-77
1878-79
1880-81
1882-83
1884-85
1886-87
1888-89
1890-91
1892-93
1894-95
Total...


Drunkenness
and Violations of Liquor Law.
1,083
853
1,099
781
1,549
2,049
3,040
2,513
2,172
2,878
2,993
1,627
22,637


Totalof Drunk- Total of all Percentae
~As~saults, B at-       a i   o
^A n~ssults, Batenness, &c. other o nvic-o
teries, &c.  waii    other
crimes.
618      1,545     2,810     55
989      1,594     2,406      66
692      1,618     3,921     41
726      1,314     2,555     51
959      2,269     7,336     31
1,197     2,946     3,903      75
1,523     4,183     3,536     118
1,594     3,707     3,747      99
1,343     3,180     3,442      92
1,253     3,817     4,078      94
1,263     3,941      3,629    109
1,147     2,488     4,304      58




13,304    32,602    45,667    71
135304   32,602    45,667    71., ___


* Not yet published.




14
TABLE NO. 5.


Duties paid on     Received from Wholesale
Value of w iquors  Liquors  with-    and Retail License for
Year.    withdrawn  and    drawn for Con-     Spirits and Awa.
paying Duty.      sumption.
_~~~~~~ _ Is            mp in


1870..
1871..
1872..
1873..
1874..
1875..
1876..
1877..
1878..
1879..
1880..
1881..
1822..
1883..
1884..
1885..
1886..
1887..
1888..
1889..
1890..
1891.
1892..
1893..
1894..
1895..


$


13,590.06
24,164.34
24,666.03
14,133.89
25,263.56
19,890.33
11,827.34
27,909.49
13,246.42
34,931.84
26,891.37
39,335.49
26,383.65
36,759.24
38,216.05
46,300.29
106,812.97
118,866.09
114,963-13
131,113.17
179,187.49
194,732.20
155,449.41
131,828.37
138,004.61
145,682.61


$   57,846.93
53,521.79
55,020.11
59,437.06
53,437.23
58,746.59
53,099.44
65,255.45
89,486.80
121,877.33
156,169.85
177,126.03
206,065.82
255,293.41
270,574.77
247,769.93
281,750.42
247,023.95
242,416.45
259,435.64
337,490.98
334,159.28
259,537.14
262,663.48
202,039.64
216,474.08
$ 4,623,719.60


1870-72
1872-74
1874_76
1876-78
1878-80
1880-82
1882-84
1884-86
1886-88
1888-90
1890-92
1892-94


$ 28,215.15
28,185.37
24,950.05
36,139.75
35,855.75
41,667.87
51,295.24
64,258.25
73,694.50
71,128.10
63,490.62
61,820.55
$ 580,681.20


$ 1,840,149.44




15


TABLE NO. 6.


NATIONALITY OF THOSE CONVICTED FOR DRUNKENNESS.
NATIONALITY.       1886-87 1888-89 1890-91 1892-93    Total Per Cent
8 years.
Chinese......     23       6       16        7      52.391
Japanese............      26      46      101       88     261      2.967
Portuguese..........     130     154      140       56     480      5.457
Hawaiian...........     1162    1455     1648      757    5022     57.100
All other Nationalities   630     977      930      443,   2980     33.882
Total.......       1971     2638     2835     1351    8795    100.000


TABLE NO. 7.
PERCENTAGE OF THE DIFFERENT NATIONALITIES TO TOTAL
POPULATION OF HAWAII. PERCENTAGE OF CONVICTIONS FOR DRUNKENNESS, ASSAULTS,
BATTERIES, ETC., OF DIFFERENT
NATIONALITIES TO TOTAL
POPULATION.
PER. CNT. OF. PER CENT. OF CONNATIONALITY.          POPULATION.     VICTIONS, ETC.,
POPULATION.....
1886-1893.
Chinese............15..591
Japanese..............     24.              2.967
Portuguese.............      13.             5.457
Hawaiians & Half-Castes       40.            57.100
All Other Nationalities..     8.            33.882
Above estimate of population is by Prof. Alexander-June, 1895.




16
TABLE NO. 8.


NUMBEP OF CONVICTIONS PER HUNDRED OF POPULATION.
1886-1893.
PERCENTAGE OF CONVICTIONS FOR DRUNKENNATIONALITY.          NESS AND VIOLATIONS
OF LIQ, OR LAWS, ASS A U L T S, BATTERIES,
ETC.
Chinese..............35....
Japanese...............         1.09....
Portuguese............          3.69
Hawaiians.............         12.55....
All Other Nationalities..      37.25.....................-                               ---.-             -




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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
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