AN ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. BY JOHN OSWALD. REVISED, AND ADAPTED TO THE PURPOSE OF TEACHING ENGLISHI COMPOSITION IN SCHOOLS AND ACADEMIES, BY J. M. KEAGY, M.D. NEW EDITION, _N WHICH PARTS I. AND II., ON THE PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE, HAVE BEEN REVISED AND ENLARGED, AND IMPROVED BY THE ADDITION OF COPIOUS: EXPLANATORY NOTES, ETC. BY JOSEPH THOMAS, M.D. TO WHICH IS APPENDED A KEY, REFERRING THIE ENGLISH DERIVATIVES IN PART m. TO THEIR APPROPRIATE LATIN, GREEK, OR OTHER ROOTS.!BY JAMES LYND, -A.M. PHILADELPHIA: E. C. & J. BIDDLE, 508 MINOR STREET, (BETWEEN MARKET AND CHESTNUT STS.); CLAXTON, REMSEN & HAFFELFINGER, Nos. 819 AND 821 MARKET STREET. 186 8. TO TEACHERS, T.E series of ETYMILOGICAL CLASS-BOOKs, of which this volume forms'a part, consists of the following works: — ~1. LYND's FIRST BOOK OF ETYMOLOGY: pp. 215, large 12mo, —or THOMAS's FIRST Boos OF ETYMOLOGY, on the basis of the work by Mr. LYND, and contsaiing many improve. ments on the former work: pp. 261, large 12mo. See description of the work below. 2. LYND's CLASS-BOOR OF ETYMOLOGY, enlarged and improved by Dr. J. THOMAS: pp. 348, large 12mo. See description below. 3. OSWk.LD'S ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY. )Ffi The most substantial evidence Of'the popularity of the aboveynamed works-in the estimation of the publishers-is that they have sold more than one hundred thousand volumes of the series, and that the demand for them is steadily increasing. The leading features of " Thomas's First Book of Etymology" may be briefly stated thus:1. The nature of roots, prefixes and suffixes, and the, distinction between primitive and derivative, simple and compound words, are explained. 2. The prefixes aond suffixes of Latin, Greek, and other origin are given, and their various meanings fully c.ld cltarly stated and explained. 3. Exercises are given, designed primarily to impress -on the mind of the pupil the various meanings of the prefixes and suffixes, and also to introduce to the analysis of the words of our language generally. 4. The principal Latin, Greek, and other roots of our language, arranged in alphabetical order, are inserted; and under each is placed the more important English words derived therefrom, with the literal or etymological meaning, and the proper or usually accepted meaning of each derivative affixed to it. 5. A Key is appended, referring every English word in the preceding, vocabulary tQ its appropriate Latin, Greek, or other rood and thus enabling the pupil who is wholly unacquaintedY'ith any language other than our native tongue to pursue the study c- English etymology without difficulty. 6. Throughout the work, distinctive kinds of type are used to designate clearly the particular portion of the definition of each English derivative corresponding with the root, prefix. and suffix, or such of them as compose the derivative; and copious notes are appended, by which, and the distinctive types just referred to, the connection between the literal or etymological and the proper or usstally accepted meaning of the E3ngrlsh derivatives is traced and fully explained. These two important features, thus fully carried out, it is believed are peculiar to this work, and add much to its value. The contents of the improved edition of " Lynd's Class-Book of Etymology " are as follows:1. Introductory chapter, on the origin of language, and the rise and progress of the English language: pp. 18. 2. Part I., on the Prefixes and Suffixes of the English language. By Dr. Thomas:;pp. 20. 3.' Part II. contains the principal Latin, Greek, and other roots of the English language, arranged in alphabetical order, with a large proportion of the English words derived from each placed under it and defined: pp. 164. This part of the work contains a considerably larger number of derivatives and roots'than the corresponding part of" Thomas's First Book of Etymology." 4. Part III., on English words principally of Gothic origin, (pp. 36)-contains about one thousand words of the class designated, and, it is believed, will be found interesting and profitable to the pupil. 6. Part IV., on English words derived from the Latin through the French: (pp. 8)-is Intended for the study of the advanced pupils. 6. Part V. is -a carefully prepared table of English Synonymes, (pp. 44,) which will be found essentially to aid the pupil in his exercises in English composition. 7. A Key, referring each of the thirty thousand English derivative words contained in " Oswald's Etymological Dictionary" to its appropriate Latin, Greek, or other root. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1852, by E. C. & J. BIDDLE, in the Clerk's Office -of the District Court of the United States in and for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. PR E F AC E TO THE ENGLISH EDITION. THE compiler of the following work propose I to Ilinm. self chiefly to meet the difficulty under which those unac. quainted with the learned languages necessarily lahbour, in ascertaining with clearness and precision, the true ant radical signification of words derived from foreign tongues. In consulting our popular dictionaries, the young and unlettered find themselves much embarrassed, at one time, by numerous and philosophical definitionsgiven in explanation of some simple vocable;. at another, by.finding a word defined by another equally difficult to understand, and which, bn being turned up, refers them again to- that, the meaning of which they are in quest of. It is needless to state that such embarrassments must greatly tend to cool the ardor, and repress the aspiring; efforts of the young mind in the'pursuit of knowledge. He also conceived that, by presenting the words of the language arranged according to their genera, and under their respective roots, he would abridge and facilitate the' labours both of teacher and pupil. The principle on which the work has been constructed, brings into full operation the pupil's powers of discrimi. nation and judgment; and while it awakens interest, and excites curiosity, he unconsciously acquires those elementl ary ideas of vocables, which will guide' him in the propel and legitimate application of'them. The languages from which by far the greater propo - tion of English words now in use originally come. are Grvth and Latin. The compiler has intentionally ah. iii 1V ~-PREFACE TO THE ENGLISH EDI1I{ON. stained from introducing words of Saxon origin. Theso properly constitute our mother tongue; and as they in general express simple ideas, and are familiar to us from our infancy, it appeared to him that their admission would have swelled the work to an inconvenient size. With the exception, therefore, of the prefixes and postfixes, they are omitted. Words borrowed from the French, Spanish, and modern Italian, being derived chiefly from Latin roots,-though much altered, both in orthography and inflection,-are in general inserted under the Latin primitives. When the usual acceptation of a word differs from its literal, the peculiarity is generally explained in the notes, in which the interpretations of Johnson and Webster are generally adopted; and in every word of extensive. use, it was judged requisite to mark the progress of its meaning, and show by what gradations it has passed from its primitive to its remote and'accidental signification.'In most cases," says Webster, "this change consists in a slight deflection, or -difference of application, which has obtained among different families of the same stock. In some cases, the literal sense is lost or obscured, and the figurative only is retained. The first object, in such cases, is to find the primary or literal sense, from which the various particular applications may be easily deduced." These nicer shades of the commnon meaning, which dis. tinguish the different periods in the history of language, are discoverable only by a careful attention to the general scope of the passage. Many scientific and technical terms how in use, have been traced to their source, and defined in their restricted or appropriate application. Obsolete words have also been admitted, when they are found in standard works, or when they possess such PREFACE TO THE ENGLISH EDITION. V a degree of force and beauty as may render them deserving of revival. As the prepositions or prefixes in all languages constitute an important class of vocables, being used in composition to vary the sense of other parts of speech to an unlimited extent, it was deemed useful to give them a particular consideration. The first forty pages are occupied in illustrating and arranging them according to their respective languages. Every word, or one of each class in which the prefixes occur, has been given. Another important genus of vocables are the affixes or termina. tions. Accordingly, particular care has been taken, and a new plan adopted, to determine their precise import. They have been alphabetically classified and arranged Iccording to the modification of noun, adjective, verb, and adverb.: By means of an accurate knowledge of the prefix and postfix, together with the root, the primary or radical signification of the word may be easily ascertained, as well as the elements of the figurative meaning detected. This method must greatly facilitate the acquisition of our vernacular tongue to foreigners, as well as to out own countrymen, and may in some- degree rescue it from the mischievous influence of sciolists, and from that overweening spirit of innovation, which is perpetually disturbing its settled usages, and filling it with anomalies. As the plan on which the following dictionary is compiled, differs materially from that of every preceding one, a few explanatory examples may be necessary to illustrate its principle, and exhibit the manner in which it may be used in tuition. Suppose the word'attraction' should occur, the pupil may be asked, What is the literal meaning of the word'attraction?' He will answer,' a drawing to,' or' the act-or power of drawing to. From 1* Vi'PREFACE TO THE ENGLISH EDITION. What is it derived?' Attract.'-What does the first syllable or prefix' at,' of that word signify?' To.' (See'at,' page 24.)-Give some other example of that prefix.' Attain, attend, attribute,' &c.-What was its original form? Ad.' (See'ad' and its forms, p, 23.) Here the pupil may be called upon to give the other forms of ad,' viz.-a, ac, af, ag, al, an, ap, ar, as,-with an example of each; such as aspire, accede, affix, aggravate, alleviate, annihilate, append, arrogate, assimilate.-What does the last syllable or postfix' ion,' of that word denote?' The act-of,' or'ing.' (See'ion,' p. 45.)-Give some other examples of that affix having-the same signification.'Contribution, collision, dissolution, commotion,' &c. (See these: and other examples, p. 45.) —What is the root or theme of that word' attraction?'' Tract.'-What does it signify?'Draw.' (See'tractum,' to draw, p. 469, which refers to'traho,' p. 469, where the word'attraction is to be found. See also note under' gravitation,' p. 170.) Here, in alphabetical order or otherwise, the other words derived -fromrn' tract' may be elicited. Some such interrogatories as the following may be put by the teacher. Give a word signifying to draw from. The pupil will answer,'Abstract.' (See' abs,' p. 23)-Having power to idraw to?' Attractive.' (' at,' p. 24, and' ive,' p. 53.)To draw together?'Contract.' ('con,' p. 25.)-To draw from or down?'Distract.' (' dis,' p. 28.)-To drawz out?' Extract.' (' ex,' p. 28.)-That cannot be drawn or managed?' Intractable.' (' in,' p. 29, and' b e,' p. 51.)To draw forth, or to prolong?' Protract.' ( pro,' p. 31.) -To, draw back?'Retract.' (re,' p. 32 )-To draw under or from?' Subtract.' (' sub,' p. 32.) —A mark left by something passing, or a vestige? Trace.' (p. 471.) — A beaten path?'Track.'-A portion of land, also a treatise?' T'act.'-That may be drawn out in length? PREFACE TO THE ENGLISH EDITION. Vii' Tractile.' (' ile,' p. 52.)-A trailing vehicle, or sledge I' Traineau.' —The other words derived from, or connected with these, may also be asked. The preceding urocess might, with advantage, be varied or reversed; the teacher giving the word, and requesting the pupil to state its meaning,-or the pupil may be called upon to mention some or all the words derived from that root. Interrogated in this manner, the pupil would soon acquire an accurate knowledge of any genus or class of vocables. Suppose, again, the word'animate' should occur. What does that word signify?'To give life.'-Has it any other meaning?'Having life.'-What part of that word denotes to give?'Ate.' ('ate,' p. 55.)-Has the affix'ate,' when annexed to verbs, any other meaning?'To make.' (p. 55.)-Give some examples of that termination having this signification.'Abbreviate, antiquate, frustrate, renovate, &c.-When' ate' is subjoined to adjectives, what does it denote?' Having' or' being.' (' ate,' p. 50.)-Give examples.'Inanimate, affectionate; adequate, situate, &c.-When' ate' is affixed to nouns, what does it denote?' One who,' or' the person who.' (' ate,' p. 39.)-eState some examples.'Advocate, associate, potentate, primate,' &c.-What part of the word' animate' signifies life?'Anim.' (' anima,' p. 65.)-State another example.'Inanimate.'-What does'inanimate imply?-'Not having life.' ('in,' p. 30, and'ate,' p. 50.)-Proceeding farther in the investigation, some such questions as the following may -e put. A living creature?'Animal.'-A little anzmal?'Animalcule.' ('cle,' p. 43.) — The state of being lhvdzly, or life?' Animation.' (' ion,' p 45.)-Mention another word of a similar import.' Vita lity.' (' vivo,' p. -515).-Here the words under' vivo,' being of similar meaning, may also be given. Being out of life, liii' PREFACE TO THIE ENGLISH EDITION. or lifeless?'Exanimate.' (p. 28 & 50.)-To give lfe again?' Reanimate.' (p. 32 & 55.)-Does the root'a nim' oear any other import? Mind.' (' animus,' p. 65.!-Give an example. Animadvert.'-What does canimadvert signify?'To turn the mind to, to criticise.' What part of that word denotes'to?''Ad.' (p. 23.)-What part imports'turn?'' Vert.' ('verto,' p. 500.)-Here an opportunity is afforded of exercising the pupil on the derivatives of' verto.' A strong active feeling of the mind, or hatred?'Animosity.' - The. being of equal mind, or equalness of mind?' Equanimity.' (' equus' for' oequus,' p. 124, & ty,' p. 45.)-The being of great mind,, or greatness of mind?'Magnanimity.' (' magnus,' p. 222.)-The being of little mind, or littleness of mind?' Pusillanimity.' ('pusillus,' p. 353.)-The being of one mind, or oneness of mznd?'Unanimity.' (' unus,' p. 484.) One example more may be taken. Suppose the word'geography' should occur. What is the literal meaning of that word?'A description of the -earth or world.'Whether is it simple or compound? —' Compound.'-Of what is- it compounded?' Ge.' the earth, (p. 158,) and' Grapho,' to describe, (p. 167.) It may be proper to state that the letter' o,' which intervenes between the'ge,' and'graphy,' is euphonic, and is usually inserted between the two'component or radical parts, of which words derived from Greek are compounded.-One who describes the earth or world?' Geographer.' (' er,' p. 40.)-Pertaining to geography?' Geographical.' (' al,' and' ical,' p. 49.)The other words firom' Ge,' (p. 158) may be asked, as well as those derived from Terra, (p. 455,) being the corresponding term in Latin, denoting earth. A few also of those derived from'Grapho' may be taken. PREFACE- TO THE ENGLISH EDITION. iM THE accent is the more forcible utterance of a particular syllable ef a word. And on the final letter of that syllable, the accent is uni- formly placed. In the word collisi'on, fbor example, the accent:s marked on the terminating letter'i' of the accented syllable'lisi4' which is pronounced lizh; and the whole word, kol-lizh'-un. ABBREVIATIONS EIXPLAINED. d or ab stands for from. a. adjective. ad. adverb. comp. compound. f. —, f - - feminine. m. masculine. n. neuter, after Latin, and noun, after English words. p. p. perfect participle. pr. preposition..sup. supine. E'ng. English. Fr. French. Heb. Hebrew. The figures indicate the Declension and Conjugation .GREEK ALPHABET. Aa..... Alpha... a nBf i..... Beta... b ry.... - ~ Gamma.. g A..... Delta d E...... Epsilon.... short.Z....Zeta.. z..... Eta... long ~o fO.... Theta.... th I,... Iota...... i K x...... Kappa..k.. k*or c A...... Lambda.... Mu...... m N~....Nu, n,.X..Xi. x o o..... Omicron... - short Ir..... Pi..... p Pg..Rho.. r, final s.. Sigma..... s Tr ~..... Tau..... t T...... Upsilon... u or y...... Phi... ph X X. Chi..... ch v ~...... Psi.... ps n6.. Omega.... o long * Kappa and upsilon are much more frequently changed into c and y in English, than into k and u: the latter is of very rare occurrence. INTRODUCTION BY THE AMERICAN EDITOR IN the business of Practical Education, mind is the constant subject upon which we operate. In a book, then, like the present, intended for. the purpose of teaching the English Language by analysing the structure of our words, it seems at least reasonable, if not indispensable, that some observations on the powers of the mind, and the mode of their developement by language, with the application of those principles in the practice of instruction, should form an introcuctory department to the work. With these views we shall present, with as much brevity as may be appropriate to our design, some elementary notices of the operations of the mind, infer some practical principles, examine the relation of these principles to language, and then proceed to offer a practical method of using this work in accordance with the doctrines laid down. When we examine the nature of our thoughts, we find that they consist of a recurrence to our minds of what we have seen, heard, tasted, smelled, or felt, and mental combinations and judgments concerning those things. Of the truth of this position every one must be convinced, who has paid only a slight attention to the operations of his own mind. An idea, then, is nothing more than a mental perception of an absent object, its qualities or actions; or it is the mental repetition of our sensations. If our ideas are derived from our sensations, the primary business of Intellectual Education should be the cultivation. and strengthening of the senses, and the perceptive power through them. This would lay the foundation for subsequent acquirements. By the perceptive power we mean the faculty by which tne mind is conscious of the various sensations communicated through the organs of sense. By the faculty of attention we give direction to our percipient power, and are capable ot xi Xii INTRODUCTION holding an object before our mind, so as to examine it minutely, Tile faculty of attention becomes, from this circumstance, the medium of furnishing our memory, judgment, and reasoning power with the materials upon which they may operate. If we are capable of fixing our attention vigorously, our memory and judgment will necessarily possess similar vigour. If, on the contrary, we possess but little power to direct and fix our attention, our memory and judgment will exhibit the same de bility. To acquire a habit, therefore, of fixing our attention steadily and undividedly on any object of thought, so as to trace out all its attributes and relations, is a matter of the greatest moment in a good system of intellectual discipline. The cultivation of our senses by a course of suitable exercises invigorates the power of attention. The senses that should be particularly exercised are those of sight and touch. The reason why these two senses should receive the greatest cultivation, is, that the sensations acquired by them form the pivot upon which all the other sensations revolve. It is through touch that we receive our ideas of space and location; and these ideas of space and location as they exist in the perceptive faculty, constitute the substratum on which all our sensations rest. They perform the part of the canvas, on which our imagination paints all her pictures and scenes. And it is in this way that space and location become the great foundation for memory; for, without the aid of those elementary ideas, it would be the next thing to impossible to improve, or even to retain our faculty of reminiscence. -But although our ideas of space and location are originated Dy the sense of touch, they are very soon transferred by association to the sense of seeing, in every human being who has the use of his eyes. The infinite variety and pleasing appearance of colours, may have a great influence in giving sight such a predominant superiority over the sense of touch. Whatever may be the cause, it is, nevertheless, an undoubted fact, that sight is the overwhelming sense, and that it bears off with it all the other sensations of taste, smell, hearing, and even touch itself From what -has been said, we may venture the position, that ie think in pictures and scenes. That this is true, is evi(lent from the terms used in all languages to express our BY THE AMERICAN EDITOR, xiii intellectual operations, as well as from the simple reflections of our own minds. To exemplify the correctness of our views with regard to -the- influence of ocular perception and location in arresting attention and securing mental retention, we need only refer to the art of Mnemonics; an art whose sole dependence is upon the visible imagery and symbols which it calls to its assistance. The surprising instances which some teachers of this art give us of persons remembering long and difficult series of events, can all be explained on this principle. In our every-day experience also we perceive the great tenaciousness of our memory whenever we associate visible scenes, or symbols and places, with ideas of any kind. The method of teaching the deaf and dumb may likewise be brought forward as evidence in proof of the' effect of visual sensation and location on the memory. In teaching; these persons, every thing must be pictorial, scenic, and plantomimic; and this is the reason why they learn so fast and remember so well. The more we reduce all our knowledge to this form, the more perfectly will it be remembered. This truth should, therefore, be made a leading principle in the education of the intellectual faculties. So far as it has been applied, it has displayed the most valuable results. Every teacher is acquainted with the importance of counters in teaching Arithmetic, of maps in teaching Geography, and of charts on the plan of Le Sage and Priestley in giving an accurate knowledge of History and Biography. Historical paintings, also, become the nuclei for concentrating and fixing thousands of ideas, which, without their aid, would be as evanescent as a wasting cloud. In Natural Philosophy and Chemistry, also, the experiments, apparatus and associations of the lectureroom, form the scenery in which our scientific ideas' permanently reside. The same may be said of all the Natural Sciences; and the'view may be extended even to Ethics, and the most abstruse of what are called the Abstract Sciences. For we can have no distinct idea of the meaning of the terms good, bad, honest, fraudulent, benevolent, &c., without identifying these words with scenic actions exhibiting. those attributes of moral character. 2 Xsiv INTRODUCTION Following out these views in a course o practical edulcation,\we ought to make all nature a tablet of:Mnemonic Sylmbuls, with which we might naturally associate their appropriate ideas. All the scenic ideas thus located would form a world of experimental facts to supply us with funds in our generalization of principles; or in other words, in the construction of our systems of science. There are two intellectual operations which should be continually kept in exercise in a course of mental training. These are generalization and analysis. By generalization we mean the classification of objects by some resemblance in some of their parts or attributes. By analysis is meant the examination of an individual object, for the purpose of separating it into its different parts, and noticing its various properties and actions. Correct and minute analysis becomes the source of accurate generalization; and generalization is the origin-of all the sciences. These two processes constitute, in the hands of a skilful teacher, a most important means of exercising the pupil's mind and increasing his store of knowledge. Analysis cultivates the faculty of attention, and renders the memory tenacious. Generalization has a similar effect on our powers of recollection by connecting to one point or principle a vast variety of useful facts existing in differenft subjects. In conducting a series of Analyses and Classifications with a pupil, we shall derive much advantage from questions. Interrogatories fix the attention, and by that means strengthen it. It is in this way that the interrogatory system lately brought into use in Europe and this country, has been attended with such valuable results. This is properly the method of the ancients revived. Their most efficient instructors taught on this plan: and the categories of Aristotle can be considered useful in no other light, than as they are the means of investigating a subject by a course of interrogatories, and thus arresting the attention and securing knowledge. As language is the medium through which knowledge is communicated, it may be proper to examine the office of words with. reference -to the theory we have given iof the thinking process. Words stand either for whole objects -or for parts; for BY THE.-AMERICAN EDITOR. xv whole scenes, or for some portion or action in a scene. Thus, the word body represents a whole consisting of many parts, as, the head,- trunk, extremities; and the term head includes in it the ideas represented byface, forehead, eyes, ears, nose, mouth, &c. So journey, voyage, vintage, harvest, represent scenes, or rather series of scenic actions, as portions of the whole, which can be expressed by subordinate terms. And as language would be imperfect if we had only words for objects and scenes, it was found necessary to be more minute, and hence we have a vocabulary furnishing the means of describing specific actions and qualities. Words then, being used not only as signs for whole objects and their parts, but also for their qualities, actions, and uses, become, as Condillac observes, our most useful instruments of analysis. They are, from the same circumstance, equally the instrument of generalization. The minute appropriation of terms concentrates attention by limiting the range of mental vision, and thus insures accuracy of thought. When we look at words in this light, as the means by which we communicate our thoughts to one another, we may compare them to the pencil of the painter. Each word traces out in the imagination of the hearer, either the whole of an object, or some part, or quality, or action. All the elementary images and scenes exist in a latent state, in the mind of the hearer; and the speaker by a successive analysis of his pictures and scenes, by means of words, raises. the same in the mind of the hearer. If the hearer or reader can readily realize or embody the scenery presented by words, he is said to understand the speaker or author; and if not, the language is said to be unintelligible. It is this ability to excite in the minds of others, by means of words, a train of ideas similar to what, is passing in our own minds, that peculiarly distinguishes man from the brute creation, and enables him to improve his condition and become a social and civilized being. The state and progress of ivilization in any nation, is uniformly indicated by the number of their terms and the correctness of their application Schlegel, in his History of Literature, remarks, that' there is no impiety in saying, that it was scarcely in the powerot the DEITY, to confer on man a more glorious present than lap. xvi INTRODUCTION guage, by which FIE himself is revealed to us, and which at onice affords the strongest bond of union and-the best instrument of communication." "So inseparable indeed," continues he, "are mind and speech, so identically one are thought and language, that. although we must always hold reason as the greatest characteristic and peculiar attribute of man; yet language, when we regard its original object and. intrinsic dignity, is well entitled to be considered as a component part of the intellectual structure of our being." We shall now notice briefly the beneficial effects of words on the human understanding, as evinced in the manner in which they improve the powers of attention, memory, judgment, and reasoning. We have before taken notice of some circumstances influencing the faculty of attention, and observed that its perfection consists in our ability to fix it steadily on any point of inquiry. It is imperfect also in proportion as it is unsteady, and this unsteadiness is one of the greatest obstacles to our progress in knowledge. A child, before it can speak or understand well what is said to it, is a striking example of this want of fixity. Its attention is ever veering, and its knowledge is then extremely limited. But so soon as it is able to use words, it acquires such a power of directing its attention to its own ideas, and the objects represented by words, that it surprises us by the acquirements it makes during the first year after it begins to talk. Words oblige the mind to fix itself and to proceed more regularly and slowly than it could without them; and this regularity insures the soundest, progress. Language in this sense may be called a bridle to the roving mind-; and on this account, it may be useful to man as a solitary being as well as a member of society. We can thus readily perceive how the use of words trains the faculty of attention. The memory is that power of the mind by which we are capable of retaining our perceptions, or of resuscitating them at will. This faculty is stronger or weaker in proportion as it is capable of bringing forward many or few ideas, or as these are correct or incorrect, distinct or confiused. It is dependent on the power of attention as well for its accuracy as for its vigor. The memory can be improved to a surprise BY THE AMERICAN EDITOR. xvii frig extent, and this chiefly by the effect which repetition has in commanding renewed attention to the same idea, and thus making a more permanent impression. -Here words begin to assume their true office, and become in reality the instruments by which the mind carries on its thinking process. We would not, with some metaphysicians, go so far as to say, that we can not think without words; but we feel ourselves authorised in asserting, that they are the memorandums of our ideas, and are absolutely necessary to us for retaining the greater portion of our thoughts. By means cf language we can tie down to a word, an idea, which can at any time be recalled, and which would otherwise be as evanescent as our breath. When we refer to our own experience, we shall soon perceive how many ideas lie dormant in the mind until brought into active,existence by words-! How often does a traveller, in passing through a country abounding with all the beauties of nature, and art, find that his reminiscences are very faint until he has clothed them in language! Immediately, they assume a permanence of which he was not before aware. How frequently also does the poet, in describing the most familiar scenes in the natural and moral world. please and surprise us by simply individualising and identifying all our previous ideas by words! It cannot be said that he gives a single new image, but he really presents us with another sight of the same pleasing objects. The attention is directed to them, and the remembrance of them becomes more perfect and agreeable. By our judging faculty we perceive the resemblances and differences among our thoughts. In order to judge rightly of things which are subjected to our senses, we need only possess a proper command of attention. But to form correct judgments on subjects which are not under our immediate observation, we need accuracy of memory as well as fixity of attention. Here is seen the great'value of these two fundamental faculties of the mind. We have already seen that they are very much improved by language, and our judgment must necessarily be improved by-the same means. Words being the representatives of our ideas, precision and propriety in the use of them, must necessarily imply a similar precl, sion and discrimination among our thoughts. -An attention, 2* xviii INTRODUCTION therefore, to the true meaning of words must tend to improve our judgment. In examining, for instance, the difference or similarity of signification of two words, we are obliged to attach certain ideas to the one, or to separate certain ideas from the other. This is an exercise implying the exertion of both attention and memory. Thus, language, as we advance in a knowledge of it, affords one of the best means of strengthening this most valuable power of the human understanding, and its acquisition may be made, by a rational mode of teaching, one of the best introductions to the study of the science of Logic. Reasoning may be said to be a train of judgments; the subsequent ones depending on their antecedents for their correctness and value. They are the links of which reasoning is the chain-a chain which, considered either as a whole or in its various parts, owes its strength to the mysterious agency of words. The capability to reason well, must depend on the number and accuracy of the discriminations we make among our ideas. Precision, then, in the definition of our terms, is a prerequisite to good reasoning. This is exemplified in the correctness of mathematical demonstrations; for here every word has a definite meaning, and by this means prevents misapprehension or prevarication. In speaking- on precision in the use of words,' Condillac justly observes, " that a correct language and good reasoning are inseparably connected;" and a proper study of it, by leading us to examine into the true meaning and right application of words, will furnish a firnd, from which we may draw, as occasion may require, for conducting all the various investigations in which we may be engaged. Having thus briefly stated the mannar in which we conceive that words invigorate the mental pawers, we shall next present several subdivisions of the subject of Language, and add a few remarks of a practical nature or them. One division of language may beilnto Oral and Written, and another into Common Language and Terminology, or the terms'employed in the arrangements and reasonings of the different sciences. Oral Language is of every day use, and indipepnsable to man as a socla, being. By its means, the infant mine iv *rained BY THE AMERICAN EDITOR. xix to order and thinking. It is peculiarly adapted to early education; and children until they are six years of age should be taught entirely by oral instruction. But, however valuable oral language may be, we find that nations who have advanced no farther than the use of audible signs of ideas, have never made any great progress in civilization. Hence the art of representing our thoughts by visible signs, may indeed be called "the greatest and most important discovery of human ingenuity." The art of writing has this great advantage over oral language, that it is not confined by time nor space. By its instrumentality, the experience and wisdom of past ages can be rendered subservient to the improvement of all succeeding time. Spoken language serves the present purpose and the present time, and-' perishes in the using;" but written language gives to the airy beings of our minds, not only " a name, but a local habitation." But to give these views a truly practical bearing, we would observe, that tfhe acquisition of the habit of committing our thoughts to paper, is a matter of the greatest importance to civilized man, and ought to be the paramount object of a school education. The pen has a still greater influence in regulating the mental powers than speech, by the slowness and order which it obliges us to pursue in combining our ideas. Our conclusions will be the result of a longer attention to the objects under consideration, and, consequently, will be more likely to be true. Beside the regularity which the practice of conmposition introduces into the mind, there is an additional reason for making it an early part of a scholastic course; and that is, if it is not commenced before the age of twelve or fifteen, it will be much more difficult to acquire the art of readily penning our thoughts afterwards. The reason of this will be obvious, when we reflect that no two actions can be performed at one and the same time, unless they bave been long rendered easy by previously established habit. T're habit of thinking and speaking at once, commences in the first efforts of a child to lisp its words. But the habit of thin.kig, and writing at the same time, is acquired by very few indeed, so as to be performed with a desirable facility or freedom from constraint. The only reason that we can assign for this deficiency, which obtains so generally, is that children are not Xsr'INTRODUCTION early taught to put their ideas on paper, so as to establish as perfectly the association of the process of thinkirng and writing, as that of thinking and talking; and in after-life, they are scarcely ever able to form the habit. We frequently meet with persons who can dictate a letter to another with ease, but the moment they attempt to comn bine the motion of their pen with the exercise of their thoughts, all their arrangements become confused, and they are incapable of effecting their intentions at all to their satisfaction. May we not hence explain how it has happened that many men of great natural genius and inventive powers, have not' left behind them any written traces of their superiority to the common mass of mankind. They may have laboured under the magic spell of this incurable embarrassment. We, likewise, sometimes see a man who, in the pulpit, or at the bar, shall bear his willing hearers' feelings with him; who shall please, as well by the propriety of his arguments; as by the elegance of his diction, and the beauty of his figures; and yet, this.man shall not be able to pen any one of his fine extemporary efforts, so as to please either himself or his most flattering admirers. When we view the practice of composition in the light in which these circumstances place it, it assumes an importance, as a school exercise, second to none in the whole course of:intellectual Education. It- is much to be regretted that written compositions are so generally neglected in our schools fir younger pupils, and not commenced until they have nearly passed the age at which new habits are easily formed. By this neglect, much of their usefulness to society and themselves may be forever prevented. Our other division of language, was, into Common and Technical. By the Common Language may be und\erstood, the words in daily use on -the miscellaneous topics which occupy the attention of mankind. This portion of language is most used, and, therefore, most necessary;- but its frequent,use need not lessen the high estimate which we should set on Terminology, or the nomenclature adopted in the different sciences. Terminology has been the result of the advance of science from vagueness to accuracy, and from the poverty of its infancy, to the riches and abundance of its mature age. BY THE AMERICAN EDITOR. XxL It is the bond which gives scientific research its stability and consistency, and preserves in their proper places the various additions of successive ages. With respect to Technical Language, we have considerable advantage over the ancients. Ours is more definite, as well as more extensive. The rapid progress of science is constantly enlarging the range of its vocabulary. To enter upon the: investigations of science, or keep up with its improvements, we must know its terms; and since it has fortunately become fashionable to make its researches tributary to the comfort of'common life, and the happiness of-our race, Terminology should be as generally taught as Common Language. By this means, a key will be afforded to the youthful mind by which it can have access to the varied treasures of knowledge; On the subject of Terminology our English dictionaries have been extremely defective. We shall in vain look even in Johnson's quarto work for some of the most common scientific terms. And in those that have been compiled since his time, with-the exception of Webster's, there will not- be found the terms used in the improved state of Chemistry. Mineralogy, and the other natural sciences; while obsolete words, that may not be met with more than once in a lifetime, are carefully given. Lexicographers object to the:introduction of technical nomenclatures into their dictionaries, on account of their liability to be changed by new discoveries, theories, and systems. This may be a reason for excluding them for a time, sufficient to'test their stability, but not for debarring them from the companionship of their associates, in a dictionary, when they have been daily in honourable use for half a century or even a century. The English Language, like all other languages of civilized' nations, is capable of being divided into Common and Technical, but with one striking peculiarity, which has an important bearing on its acquisition in a course of school instruction. In regard to the materials of which it is composed, it may be said to possess the most mixed character of any lan guage in Europe. While the languages that are of Latin and Teutonic origin have their own scientific terminology, they retain also the advantage of having, to a very great es~tent,e xxii INTRODUCTION the etymological radicals of this terminology in use, in the familiar speech of the people, so that the phraseology of Literature and Science does not differ much from that of the community in general. This is very much the case with the French, Spanish, and Italian, but especially so with the German, which can boast that it is not under the necessity of borrowing a single term from the Latin or Greek. Such are its Etymological powers, that, however the field of science may enlarge, so as to make new words indispensable, it is able to meet every want from its own resources. The English, though its original and constructive basis is Saxon or German, has lost this power in the changes it has undergone, and from the circumstance of the English nation first learning the sciences through the medium of the Latin and Greek. Hence it exhibits in its words, the features of three distinct languages. The conversation of children and illiterate persons, is almost exclusively made up of words of Saxon origin. The language of' literary persons, and of our authors in general literature, is composed of Saxon and Latin derivatives; the monosyllabic portion being from the former source, and the polysyllabic from the latter. While our men of science use a phraseology consisting of Saxon, Latin and Greek terms. For the Saxon portion of our tongue we rarely find it necessary to apply to a dictionary, but for the words whose roots are to be found in the Latin and Greek, we must either have learned those languages, or be obliged constantly to refer to some expositor of their meaning. This has caused the publication of a great number of selections of words for the use of schools, some containing a very small part of -the difficulties- of our language, and others presenting a pretty fi.ll collection of them. In these works, however, the pupil does not see any systematic arrangement, such as will make him acquainted with the science of words. We mean to say, that there is no etymological system, and, as a consequence, the task of studying this knotty portion of our language becolnes extremely irksome to those who are never conducted through a course of Latin and Greek. As the great majority tf our youthful population are denied this advantage, a work that shall present.these difficulties in an easy, scientific, and attractive fornm, has become truly a desideratum. This can BY THE AMERICAN EDITOR. xxiii be effected in no other way so well as by making Etymology the basis of the exposition of our polysyllabic terms. This has been done in the present work, by Mr. Oswald, in a manner which exhibits a synoptical view of the Latin and Greek derivatives in our language, more copious and better arranged than any thing of the kind that has yet been published. Etymology is a most important branch of the science of Philology. It offers to our view a series of generalizations, which afford the means of obtaining a knowledge of a vast range of words with very little labor when compared with the process that is usually. gone through. By prosecuting with perseverance, the judicious study of the relations of derivative words from their primitives, the pupil will acquire a philosophical acquaintance with our language. This can be rendered still more interesting by combining with it a course of exercises founded on the principles which we have endeavoured to establish in this introduction. These exercises we shall present in succession, and offer them as a practical mode of using this book. They will have reference to three divisions, which, in acquiring language, with:correctness and facility, we consider as extremely useful. These are, Ideology, Etymology, and Phraseology. The term Ideology, we- use to express the connexion of ideas with words. As all our ideas of quality, action, and relation, are intimately associated with objects and scenes, it must follow that the words denoting objects are the principal words in a language. These we may call ideological radicals, and they should be the subjects of the analytical lessons we have alluded to. The terms that represent qualities. actions and relations, will form the subjects for generalization. Etymology is properly, only a branch of Ideology, but as it presents us with large families of words, retaining the orthographical features and meaning of their primitives, it be. comes so valuable as to- merit special attention. It has, hence. oeen made the guiding element in our course. By phrase ology, we mean an analytical exhibition in words of some scene; and here it- may be stated that we think -in whole phrases as well-as in single words, just as we think in whole scenes, as well as in individual pictures, or parts of a scene, xiv INTRODUCTION This is a fact so serviceable in its practical bearing on the learning of languages, that we may venture to say, that a language can never be speedily taught without making it a primary point in our exercises. In order to bring into practice the principles we have laid down, it is indispensable that the pupil or class who are conducted through this book, should write phrases exemplifying the practical use of each word. When the prescribed lesson has been written and examined, an oral review of it ought to be made, in order to notice the different ideological relations of every word; as,ist. What sensible properties ad or may be included in the meaning of the word under consideration; and by which of the senses do we become acquainted with its existence? If we take the word, table, we find that it possesses visible and tactile properties; and we are made acquainted with its pres. ence by our sight and our touch; and we may be also by our hearing. A flower may be known to us by sight, touch, smell, and taste; sugar by touch, taste, smell, sight, and even by hearing.-This is a fundamental exercise, and should never be omitted, as it strengthens the'faculty of attention, and leads to many novel and striking observations and comparisons. 2dly. Does the word express an object, a quality, or an action.? For instance, orange expresses an object, tepid, a quality,flow, an action. 3dly. Does it express an intellectual perception, or a morat feeling? e. g. Green represents an intellectual perception, good a moral feeling; so also amiable and hateJfil; while hara usually expresses an intellectual perception, but may likewise Ob used to indicate a moral feeling, as in the phrase, A hara nlan. The same remark with regard to utility, is applicable tc these two praxes as to the first. 4th. If the word is the name of an object, let the pupil give an ideological analysis by naming all its parts. Suppose flower is the word on which a phrase has been written; we find the parts to be the calyx or flower-cup, the corolla, the stamens, and the pistil. This exercise should be invariably prosecuted, since it becomes the most economical mode of BY THE AMERICAN EDITOR XXv acquiring the correct definition of terms. The most common object of nature or art, as pumrp, eye, shoe, by this mode of examination, Will add to the store of useful terms. In the pump, we find the parts to be the stock, the bore, the handle or lever, the piston, the box, the valve, &c.; in the eye, the cornea, the iris, the pupil, the sclerotic coat, the lens, the vitrteous and aqueous humours, &c.; and in the shoe, the vamp, the quarters, the sole, &c. Another very valuable result that must follow from this exercise, is that it will necessarily produce the habit of ready arrangement in composition. The ability to classify Our ideas, and reduce them to a certain order, so as promptly.to present a good outline of our views on any subject; is acknowledged by all to be a great acquirement. If, however, we direct the attention of the p upil to the uses of things, and of their parts, we shall extend still further the utility of this praxis. Thus the words leaf, liver, heart, lungs, would afford an opportunity for remarking, that the leaf performs the functions of a respiratory organ to the plant, as the lungs do to an animal; that the liver secretes bile, and that the heart is a muscular machine, which forces the blood by means of the arteries to all parts of the body.'The pupil, by this means, will gain a great number of elementary truths in natural science, which will prepare him for farther advances. 5th. If the word is the name of a part of some object; a list of those objects which possess the part mentioned, should be made out. The same process -of generalizing should be used- with words expressing qualities and actions. This may also be done to advantage wherever a general term is brought forward; thus, when insect, bird, quadruped, are the subjects, the forming of a catalogue of each, will be a useful lesson in thinking. 6th. Classifying objects as natural or artificial, and as belonging to the animal, vegetable, or mineral kingdom, thofgh simple enough in itself, has, nevertheless, a useful tendency. 7th. Another very valuable praxis is, to require the scholar to refer every word that is capable of it, to the science to which it may appertain, or in which:ve may find a descrip. tion of it, either as an article or a process. Before? however, we state the mode of proceeding in this exercise, it may 3 .xvi INTRODUCTION' be proper to premise, that our language exhibits the singular anomaly of having common English or Saxon words for its nouns that are:the names of familiar natural objects, while the adjectives that are used to distinguish the genus or species are almost uniformly of Latin and.Greek origin. This will be evident by the following promiscuous list, viz. V'ouns. A.djectives. NVouns. A.djectivue eye.......ocular, ophthalmic. dog.............. canine. lip........labial. cat................ feline. nose....;...nasal. goose.......... aserine. tongue......lingual., lungs............pulmonary. booth.......dental. bone.............osseous. sea......... marine. glass........... vitreous. river........ fluviatile. joint............ articular. unm........solar. lime... calcareous. moon.......lunar. earth............terrestrial. star...... stellar, astral. egg..............oval, &c. This list might- be enlarged indefinitely, butthese instances will suffice to show the extensive prevalence of the fact above noticed.-But as the common words which are of Saxon origin are not to be found in this dictionary, and will not of themselves become the subjects of the lessons suggested, we would recommend that either the Latin or Greek radicals that may be in the lessons should be classified by their sciences, or else the English noun to which the Latin adjectives relate. Thus, either canis, or dog, may be taken when we come to the word canine; so oculus, or eye, when ocular comes under review. The same remark will extend to all this class of designating adjectives; and by thus reverting to the Saxon. English name of the object, we carry our plan of scientific appropriation, through the whole language. In this way the words horse, dog, cat, though not in this dictionary, as well as elephant and rhinoceros, which are, may be brought forward and assigned, to that branch of Zoology denominated Mazology or Mammalia; eagle, croov, crane, wren, &c. to Ornithology; gnat, bee, wasp, larva, chrysalis, &c. to Entomology; tench, minnow, shark, mackerel, to Ichthyology; oys. ter, limpet, muscle, cyprea, &c. to'Conchology; oak, poplar, rose, mushroom, -&c. would be placed under Botany; fint, gypsum, quartz, talc, sapphire, diamond, under Mineralogy, as the science which exhibits their classification; and to BY THE AMERICAN EDITOR. xxvii Chemistry, for an analysis of their properties. To the batter science we also transfer the terms oxygen, oxidizement, comr bustion, fermentation, &c. as constituting a part of its nomenclature. Mountain, river, rock, quarry, mine, pebble, &c. belong to Geology, which theorises on their formation, arrangement, &c. Bone, brain, heart, lungs, &c. will come under Anatomy for a description of them, and under Physiology for an account of their functions. By pursuing these hijits, the various divisions of Physical, Mathematical. and Metaphysical science may have their subjects and their terms identified. We might perhaps as well add a few more instances, for the sake of those to whom this exercise is not familiar; thus, we refer Fever, consumption, palsy, epilepsy, &c. to Medicine: Fracture, phlegmon, abscess, gangrene, &c. to Surgery; The medicinal properties of calomel, quinine, opium, &c. to Materia Medica; Cloud, rain, hail, snouw &c. to Meteorology; Line, angle,' triangle, square, circle, &c. to Geometry; Sine, tangent, secant, &c. to Trigonometry; Sun, moon, star, eclipse, occultation, transit, &c. to Astronomy; Lever, wheel, plane, screw, wedge, &c. to Mechanics; Barometer, air-pump, vacuum, siphon, &c. to Pneumatics; Light, vision, microscope, telescope, retfection, refraction, &c. to Optics; To think, to judge, to reason, idea, memory, &c. to Intellectual Philosophy; Proposition, syllogism, enthymeme, sophism, &c. to Logic; Agriculture, commerce, manufactutres, wages, pauperism. &c. to Political Economy; Moral terms, to Ethics or Moral Philosophy. One advantage accruing from this mode of parsing words into their sciences, will be, that the pupil will be able to tell in what science he may look for the investigation of any subhject of inquiry. But this is not all; the plan admits of such an extension as to become an excellent means of ascertaining the generic and specific divisions of every branch of human knowledge. By making out lists under general and specific xxviii INTRODUCTION terms as recommended in a previous exercise, it cannot fail in accomplishing beneficial results. It may be stated that the knowledge gained in this way would not be deep nor extensive. This is in some measure true, as it is not expected that our scholar should possess as profound views of a subject as the adept who has made it for years his study. But he will have the keys of knowledge; and will have fully come up to Locke's opinion of this matter, where he says " that youth should early be afforded a general view of all the divisions of human knowledge, as well that they may apply themselves to that which may hereafter suit their turn best, as that they may see the connexion and harmlony of all the sciences." But no objection can exist on this score, when it is understood, that, in most cases, it is supposed that this course in the English shall be either accompanied or succeeded by the study of the Physical, Mathematical, and other sciences. 8th. Keeping up all the previous exercises, another may be added, which is, to notice the synonymous words of our language, and determine the various shades of difference in their meaning. Their use in affording variety of expression, and now the sentence must be changed in its arrangement in order to effect this, should also be attended to. Vagueness in the application of synonymes cannot be permitted, lest the very copiousness which they give to the language become a serious injury by exciting misunderstandings among those who use them incorrectly. Locke, in speaking of the necessity of understanding the full force of words, remarks that "the want of a precise signification in their words when men come to reason, especially on moral matters, is the cause of very obscure and uncertain notions. They use their undetermined words confidently, without much troubling their heads with a fixed meaning; whereby, besides the ease of it, they ottain this advantage, that as in such discourses they are seldom in the right, so they are as seldom to be convinced that they are in the wrong: it being just the same, to go about to draw these persons out of their mistakes, who have no settled notions, as to dispossess a vagrant of his habitation, who has no settled abode. The chief end of language being to be un-:erstood, words serve not for that end when thev excite not, BY THE AMERICAN EDITOR. xxix in the mind of the hearer, the same idea which they stand for in the mind of the speaker." The examination of synonymous words affords a good opportunity for the exercise of discrimination and taste. The practice of separating from each word the ideas of which it is not properly the representative, as well as noticing which is the most perspicuous mode of expressing a sentiment, must tend to cultivate the taste and refine the style of.the pupil. The etymological course contained in this dictionary presents the best elements for pursuing these -investigations. For, however much words may in many instances vary from their radical meaning, and exhibit paronymous deviations from their etymon, still the etymology of words is, generally speaking, the true basis on which to settle their definitions. Hence, in all works on synonymy, the derivation is made the elementary part of the examination. After observing the derivation of two or more words of similar meaning, the pupil may be led to perceive their differ-, ence, by noticing which is most general, and which most specific in its applications. In the words give, grant, bestow, it is easily seen that give has a more general meaning than grant, and grant a more general meaniing than bestow. So, in way road, route, course, the same differences in their general and specific application will readily decide the true sense which correct usage has attached to each word. The mixed character of our language, before alluded to, is an abundant source of our synonymous words. Thus the Latin and the Saxon terms run a parallel course through the language, e. g. Saaxon. Latin. Saxon. Latin. happiness. felicity. swiftness.......velocity. unhappy........... miserable. fleetness........ celerity. dreadful.... terrible. brink......... margin. footstep........... vestige. beseech.........supplicatce &c. These examples might be extended to hundreds; but those presented are sufficient to show how much the copiousness of the English is dependent on terms adopted from the Latin. We still see the same mode of ascertaining the shades of meaning applicable to these as to other syononymous words that is, their more general oremore specific acceptation. 3* xxx INTRODUCTION Sometimes the true shades of difference in the meaning of synonymes may be ascertained by examining their opposites, or words of a contrary meaning. They may also in many cases be known by. observing whether one word is not more usually applied to mental objects, while the other is used to designate those that are material By a constant reference to these few principles, the investigations connected with synonymous words will become both easy and interesting. 9th. We may now add another exercise to the foregoing; namely, the examination of equivocal and paronymous words. These constitute a large class, and assume a special importance in the study of language, from the circumstance that they give rise to many misunderstandings and disputes; and are a fruitful source of fallacies in our reasoning. This arises from the word having several meanings, if a primitive word; or from its deviating from the signification of its radical, if a derivative. To take as an instance of the former sort, the word: "fit,"' we see that it means "proper, suitable, a parox. ysm, to suit;," or mast of a ship, and mast, the fruit of.oak or beech. As an instance exemplifying the latter, Dr. Whately, in' his Logic, speaking of fallacies founded on Etymology, observes, "Perhaps no example of this can be found that is more extensively and mischievously employed than in the case of the word representative: assuming that its right meaning must correspond exactly with the strict and original sense of the word represent, the sophist persuades the multitude that a member of the House of Cohazmons is bound to be guided in all points by the opinions of his constituents; and, in short, to be merely their spokesman: whereas law and custom, which, in' this, may be considered as fixing the meaning of the term, require no such thing, but enjoin the representative to act according to the best of his own judgment, and on his own responsibility." It may be stated that ambiguity in an equivocal word can only obtain while it is used as the samne part of speech, grammatically speaking; for so soon as the word assumes a meaning which constitutes it another part of speech, it is not difficult'to determine its true signification. The reverse of this, however, takes place with most of those which may be classed as paronymous words. BY THE AMERICAN EDITOR. xxxi By watching closely those paronymous deviations in deriva. tive words, we shall give the science of Etymology its true value, and shield it from the ridicule by which it has sometimes been assailed by such men as Swift; whose wit and whose ignorance of philological laws, form the only palliation for their fooleries. At the same time we shall be preserved from the opposite error of-Horne Tooke, Dr. Murray, Damm, &c. who, by attaching an inordinate and exclusive importance to researches into the origin of words, have exposed the subject to unmerited obloquy. The etymological course contained in this work presents a grand synoptical view of the difficulties of our language. But although all. the primary meanings are given from which most of the rest may readily be known, yet it is not intended to set aside the use of a common dictionary on the usual alphabetic arrangement. As a book of reference, it will be necessar:y to resort to another dictionary, more particularly in the case of these equivocal or paronymous terms. 10th. In the study of language, there are few exercises more interesting or useful than an attention to comparisons. and the figurative meanings of words; and the epithets that may be applied to nouns representing either material or immaterial objects. Thus the sun is compared to a king, life to, a lamp, wisdom to light, hope to an anchor, &c. &c. WVhenever words are presented in the lessons that represent or allude to natural objects, an opportunity is afforded for directing the mind- of the pupil to, figurative uses and comparisons. Epithets, as descriptive adjectives, will result from these comparisons. It forms an excellent lesson in thinking and in language for the pupil to apply all the epithets he can find, which can in any way describe or distinguish the word under consideration. Thus, to take the word lion as an example, he is figuratively called the king of' beasts, the mon. arch of the forests, &c.; and the adjective epithets that describe him are tawny, yellow, roaring, raging,.fierce, bold, courageous, noble, majestic, proud, stately, bounding, shaggy, long-maned, bloody, cruel, ravenous, &c. These instances may answer to exemplify our views on this point; their utility is so evident as to need no argument to enforce them. xxxii INTRODUCTION 11th. Another attempt at awakening interest might be made by endeavouring to ascertain what is tacitly implied in any word as some way connected or co-existent with it; e. g. the word thunder necessarily associates with its meaning the a4ditional ideas of lightning, clouds, and warm weather.-In the word pump, we find that the probable associations are, that it is in a well, and near a house: but neither of these may be true, and the degree of truth must be measured by what is the most usual condition of things. Our ideas of association thus divide themselves into necessary and contingent. When- we mention the word roof, the imagination immediately sets a building under it, yet the term may be applied to the same object entirely separated from any building. Still, where there is no direct proof to the contrary, the mind rests satisfied with the highest probability, resulting from the most common connexion of things. So, to see, to hear, to eat, &c. necessarily imply some being that sees, hears, eats, and something seen, heard, or eaten, as well as a time and place where these actions were performed. A number of contingent associations arise with these words, which it is also well to bring under review as possibilities. To some persons these'exercises may appear trivial; but they certainly cannot know how much the imagination is strengthened by them, at the same time that it is brought under the control of the judgment. This mental process is in fact the course of investigation pursued in all those cases where we cannot arrive at mathematical certainty, and forms by far the greatest portion of our exercises in reasoning. We read, for instance, that Noah built an ark of gopher-wood, of great dimensions; our imagination,,guided by judgment, may draw a great many curious and highly probable inferences respect.ig the state of the arts among the antediluvians. Metallic tools were necessary for the construction of such a building, and the knowledge of various chemical processes is presupposed in order to bring any of the metals into a state in which they may be used as instruments. In reference to the reasonings of common life, this praxis is of such value as not to yield in utility to mathematical researches; and though it does not arrive at the same certainty, yet it gives equal exercise to the' powers of memory, BY THE AMERICAN EDITOR. xxxiii judgment, and reasoning, with the most accurate course of geometrical or algebraical analysis. 12th. Our last exercise in this series will be, to embody as much as possible all the preceding ones in a practical effort at forming scenery, by all the natural associations of which the subject is capable. Here the imagination may have full scope, and vary her scenes by every appropriate change. E. g. take the word arbour: here its location would immediately be determined to be a garden; let its relations to surrounding objects be realized, and also its relations to more distant objects: place it in imagination on a southern slope of ground, overlooking a river; let the time be the month of June, let the weather be pleasant, the plants and trees flourishing, the birds singing, with all the circumstances of rural scenery that may give interest. Then notice its occupants, and the moral feelings and contemplations awakened by the scene. When this is realized and described, change the season and the place, and so proceed until a sufficient exercise is given to the mind for one subject. In this way the imagination may be cultivated to an extent commensurate with the natural strength of that faculty. Composition would become an easy and a simple process, and the capability of making the written phrases on succeeding lessons would be constantly increasing. To make good phrases on an individual word is not an easy matter; but its importance -is so great, that the mode of using this dictionary rests for its greatest utility on the persevering adherence to this part of the plan. Etymology is very valuable, ideological analysis and intellectual combination extremely useful; but it is only Phraseology and written composition that give our knowledge a living and an active form. We have so much passive education at present, that it is to be feared that the course which has been prescribed may not,be followed out as extensively as it should be; but if teachers will only see the subject in its true bearing, they will not think that too much stress has been laid upon its constant practice. The habits of ready composition possessed by the pupils of the deaf and dumb institutions, will convince any one who is sceptical of the efficiency of this course. Their intellectual education is founded very much on the principles and prac xxxiv INTRODUCTION tice which we have developed and endeavoured to bring into active existence among those who have the use of all their senses. And if they, deprived of one of the most ready inlets of instruction, learn so much and so well, by this means, -what may not those do, who shall use the same method, without these obstacles and disadvantages. The facility with which they bring all their learning into a practical condition on the spur of the moment, has been a frequent theme of remark and wonder; and the great usefulness of this ability is manifest to the- illiterate as well as the learned. Dugald Stewart remarks, that "when theoretical knowledge and practical skill are happily combined in the same person, the intellectual power of man appears in its full perfection, and fits him equally to conduct with a masterly hand the details of ordinary business, and the untried difficulties of new and;hazardous situations." This view is applicable to every branch of human knowledge where abstract principles can have a practical exhibition. This work will be especially useful to those pupils in our male and female seminaries who do not learn Latin and Greek; as they will, by its aid, be able to'acquire, in a simple and philosophical manner, all the difficult terms of the English language, including most of the terminology of science. They will thus be prepared to enter on a course of scientific or literary studies with much greater advantages than they would otherwise possess. But it is not only..to the mere English scholar that this book may be useful; it will also offer great facilities to those who are going through' a course of Latin and Greek, by showing them the practical bearing of their studies on our language: and as this is a subject that is not enough attended to in our schools, it is believed that half an hour or more: each day could not be more profitably employed than by consecutive lessons on the plan we have recomrmended. The great English philologist, Dr. J. Jones, observes, in his Analogiae Latinae,,' If the custom prevailed in all the schools, (which assuredly ought to be the case,) of tracing the English to the Latin language, the utility of this last would be more generally and permanently felt; nor would it be so readily forgotten in manhood, after the long and fruitless pains that have been taken to acquire it in BY THE AMERICAN EDITOR. xxxv youth." This book presents the means of tracing these connexions to a greater extent than any work in our language. From the synoptical tables which it contains of the Greek and Latin derivatives, it will also become a useful family book ot reference, for those who have long since finished their lessons in " hic, haec, hoc," and "', i, To;" but are still dispose& to revive in their minds. some of the relations that connect our language of science and literature to those of Greece an Rome. With regard to a series of lessons in compositions, they may be very usefully pursued, combined with these dictionary exercises. They may be divided into two kinds: 1st. The writing out from memory, after a single reading, all that can se remembered of any subject upon which the pupil has read. This will cultivate ready memory, increase the stock of words. and improve the style. The second is, to write an original composition on some specific theme. Neither of these will be difficult exercises if our whole plan is carried out, as matter and manner will both be familiar. We therefore deem it unnecessary to add any thing further by way of directing the mode; but cannot leave it without pressing the paramount importance of frequent, yea, daily, set compositions on some easy subject, whether it be the description of some country. animal, plant, mineral, habit, virtue, or vice. Pope says. " True ease in writing comes from art, not chance:" this is strictly true, particularly when we unite with it the principle of Horace, " Scribendi, rectU sapere est prinoipium et fons" While Pope's "art" or practice and Horace's " rectg sapere" are faithfully combined, as we believe they are, in the plan of using this dictionary, a judicious teacher cannot fail to teach his pupils the art of composition. There is only one objection which we anticipate against the use of this book for phrase-making; viz. that it does not give the definitions of the derivative words, except in a fea, instances of peculiar meanings, or for the exemplification of the primitive word, and leaves the signification to be discovoered by the scholar, who is furnished with all the elements which form tile term. This, so far from being an objection, presents an advantage of great value. It offers an opportunity for more of that exertion of mind which constitutes act. xxxvi INTRODUCTION BY THE AMERICAN EDITOR. ire education, than could possibly be effected by givinog the definition; just as it is better to require a pupil to give the boundaries of a country from a map, than to learn and merely'recite -them by rote from a book.. The latter is a passive business, while the' former is active. By the one, he gains ideas; by the other, words only. Where, however, words occur whose correct signification cannot be made out by their etymology he should apply to the common dictionaries, such as Webster's, &c. for them: but this should be done only after he has made a proper use of his etymological means. In conclusion, we hope that our endeavours to render an excellent book more practically useful may be candidly examined, and thoroughly tested by experiment; upon the result of which we are willing to rest whatever claims our opinions may have to the adoption of the public. J. M. KEAGY. NoTE. —The reader unacquainted with Latin and Greek will please to observe that a and e, of the primitives, are frequently changed into i in the derivatives and compounds. In verbs, also,-the root often appears under two forms. The two forms in the Latin verb from which our words are derived, are the present tense of the indicative mood, and a form called the suvine. Tne present indicativ'e, therefore, and the supine are usuaiiy given, which are sufficient as a guide in nearly every case. 3. M. K. ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY. PART I. PREFIXES OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE.* 1. OF ENGLISH OR SAXON ORIGIN. A,t signifies, on, in, to, or at: as, afoot', on foot; abed', in bed; afield', to the field; afar, at a great distance. aboard', ad. aground', ad. ashore', ad. adrift', ad. & a. ahead', ad. aside', ad. afloat', ad. aloft', ad. asleep', ad. BE,T signifies over; to cover with; as, bedaub', to daub over; besprinfkle, to sprinkle over; bedew', to cover * It is understood that the Prefixes and Affixes, with a few Examples, shall be committed to memory. t It appears proper, in the outset, to mention th$ some of the Prefixes and Affxes in certain words, seem redundant, or at least retain very little of their general signification. [This is more especially true with regard to the Saxon prefix Be, and the Latin Con. To these remarks we may add, that in a number of instances, in which the prefix seems materially to modify the root to which it is joined, its etymological signification is so irregular or obscure, as to render the attempt to give a satisfactory explanation unprofitable, if not altogether impracticable. Thus: "embowel" signifies not to -"put bowels into," as its etymology might lead us to suppose, but to "take out the bowels or entrails."] t Be, in because, before, besiege, &c., is the same word as by. It denotes near, close, about, on, at, from some root signifying to passor to-press. [It is not to be wondered at, that the prevailing signification or power of a prefix so irregular in its meaning, should have been mistaken by many etymologists; more especially as in the English language it occurs comparitively seldom. That the significations here given, ("over," to "cover with," &c.,) are the prevailing ones, may be seen by referring to words cou - taining this particle, in German, from which language (or from the Saxon, an old form or dialect of the German) it has been introduced into English. The following examples may serve to illustrate and prove our position: Bekreiden, to chalk over; Befrieren, to freeze over; Bemeistern, to overmaster; Berosten, to rust over; Besalben, to smear over or besmear, to cover with 4 19 20 ENGLISH OR SAXON PREFIXES. with dew; bemire', to cover with mire: sometimes it is intensive, that is, it increases the force of the word to which it is prefixed, in which cases it is equivalent to thoroughly or completely': as bedrench, to drench thoroughly or completely. bedim', v. boing', v. bespat'ter, v. befit', v. beset', v. bespeak', V, behave', v. besiege', vo betide', v. behead', v. besmoke', v. beto'ken, v. belie', v. bespan'gle, v. betray', v,. EN,* signifies in, or into; to put into, ini, or on; to make or make into: as, enclose or inclose', to close in; engrave', to grave in or into; enchain', to put into chains; enthrone', to put on a throne; enact', to make into an act; encamp', to make or form into a camp; ena'ble, to make able; endear', to make dear. enact', v. en 0ev'our, v. enlarge', v. enchain', v. endure', v. enrobe', v. encir'cle, v. enfee'ble, v. enroll', v. encomr'pass, v. enforce', v. entomb', v. encum'ber, v. ingrave', v. entrap', v. endear', v. engross', v, enkel'op, v., EM, for EN, having the same significaftina {ffei -preceding, is prefixed to words beginning with b, mn, or p: as, emnhbot'tle, to p!ut into a bottle; embark', to Zput into a salve.or ointment; Beschatten, to overshadow; Beshiffen, to sail over; Beschlabb.era, to slobber over; Beschneien, to snow over or upon, to cover with snow; Beschl' mme.n, to bemire; Beschmutzen, to daub over, or befoul; Bespliessen, to shingle over; Bespreiten, to spread over; Besprengen, to sprinkle over; Besprudeln, to sputter over; Bespiihlen, to ripple or wash over; Bestrimen, to stream or flow over.: Bebiindern, to decorate or cover with ribbons; Bebiumen, to cover with trees.; Bebl'thtern, to cover with leaves; Bebliimen, to cover or embellish with flowers; Bedornen, to cover evith thorns; Beeisen, to cover with ice.; Befiedern, to cover with, or furnish with feathers.; Beflitter!, to cover with spangles; Beharzen, to cover with resin; Bekiissen, to cover with kisses; Belauben, to cover with leaves; Bemodern, to cover with mold; jemoosen, to cover with moss. A multitude of other examples might be added to this list. In the following German verbs, Be is intensive; Bearbeiten, to elaborate, also to belabor; Bedenken, to think well or carefully, to bethink, to reflect; Beklopfen, to beat mnch,,or repeatedly; Bekriiftigen, to strengthen, to corroborate, to confirm; Belasten, to burden or load too smuch, to ovtrburden, &c. & T.-J. T.] * El coincides with Fr. en, Lat. in,, and Gr. ev, and some English words are written indifferently with en or i, tWhen the word is borrowed from th. French, en is more proper than in. ENGLISH OR SAXON PREFIXES. 21 bark or vessel; emmew', to cage in, or put into a cage; empow'er, to put into power; to give power to. embalm', v. embar'rass, v; embow'el, v, embark', v. embel'lish, v. embrace', v. embartgo, n. & v. embla'zon, v. empale', v. FORE, signifies before or beforehand: as, forenoon', the part of the day before noon; foresee', to see:efore hand: foretell', to tell beforehand. foreappoint', v. foredoom', v. foretun'ner, n. forebode', v. fore'ground, n. foresee', v. fore'castle, n. fore'head, n. fore'sight, a. foreclose', v. foreordain', v. foretell', v. EN and IM* are similar in signification to en and em: as, inclose', to close in; insure', to make sure; imbit'ter, to make bitter; imbhrown', to make brown; impov erish, to make poor. imbank', v. imbue' ingulf', v. imbow'er, V. p n, v. inwall'/,v MIS,:signifies wrong, false, or erroneous: as, misapply', to apply wrong, or to an improper purpose; misbelief', a wrong or erroneous belief;. misbelie!verf one -who believes wrong, or holds a false religion; miscon'duct, wrong conduct. misapprehend', v. miseoncep'tion, n. miisguide', v; misbehave', v. misdeed', n. misinf6rm', v. miscal'culate, v. misdemean', v. misno'ner, n. miscall, V., misfor'tune, n. misspend,', v. OUT, signifies beyond, or more than, denoting excess or superiority: as, outbid', to bid beyond or more than another; outlive', to live beyond; outrun', to run beyond, to surpass. in running, outbal'ance; v. outlanjdish, a.i (9outrage, v;. & nt ) outbid', v. out'lint, n. outrXide v. out'bound, a., outmarch', v. out'side,. n.. outdo', v. outnum/ber,;v. outwear', v. OVER, signifies too, too muech or too great, sometimes de-; For other signifi, ations of in and irn, see prefixes..f Latin )rigin, pages 39 and 40. 22 ~ENGLISH OR SAXON PREFIXES. noting superiority: as, overan'xious, too anxious; overbur'den, to burden too much, to impose too great a burden; overpow'er, to overcome by superior power; oversleep, to sleep too much, to sleep over the usual time. overawe', v. overcome', v. overreach', v. overbal'ance, v. overhang', v. overset', v. o'verboard, ad. overleap', v. overtake', v. overcast', v. overload', v. overthrow', v. UN, before a verb, signifies to reverse the act' of; to take off or deprive of: as, unbind', to reverse the act of binding, to loose; unbolt', to reverse the aet of bolting; uncrown', to reverse the act of crowning, to take off the crown; undo', to reverse the act of doing, to reverse what has been done, to ruin. unbar', v. undeceive', v. unhinge', v. unbind', v. unfit', v. unhorse', v. unbo'som, v. unfold', v. unseal', v. unbur'then, v. unfurl', v. unstop', v. UiN, before an adjective, signifies the reverse or opposite of; not: as, unholy, the reverse or opposite of holy,; unpoptular, the opposite of popular; una'ble, not able; unbro'ken, not broken. unaccom/plished, a. unbrid'led, a. ungrace'ful, a. unapt', a. uncer'tain, a. unjust', a., unbecomning, a. unclean', a. unpropi'tious, a. unblem'ished, a. unfair', a. unrighteous, a. UNrDER, signifies beneath; less than another; less than is proper -or just: as, undersheriff, one who is beneath or under the sheriff; underbid, to bid less than another; under-officer, an officer less than (or inferior to) another; undervalue, to value less than is proper or just. underbid', v. undermine', v. underrate', v. un'derling, n. un'derplot, n. undertake', v. WITH, signifies from; against: as, withdraw', to draw from or away, to retire;'withhold', to hold from; withstand, to stand against. LATIN PREFIXES. 23 2. OF LATIN ORIGIIN. a, signifies from,; off; away:, as, avertf, t6 turn away; to turn from; avult'sion, a tearing off or away. AB, another form of the preceding, hats the same signification: as, abduct', to take or carry off; aberra'tion, a wandering away. ab'dicate, v. ablu'tion, n. abrupt, aab/ject, a. abrade', v. absolve/, v. ABs, for A or AB, has the same signification: as, abs'ent, being away; abstain', to; hold from, to refrain. AD, signifies to; by or near; on or upon; an(d more rarely, up; against, for; at: as adapt', to fit to, adja'cent, lying by or near; advert', to turn to, to refer to, to notice. add, v. adhere', v. admit', v. adduce',. adjoin/, v. ad'vent, n. ad'equate, a. adjust/, v. advert/, v. A, for-AD, signification the same: as, ascribe', for ad- scribe, to write to or against,* to attribute; aspersel, to sprinkle upon'; hence, to stain or slander. - ascend', v. as'pect, n. aspire', v. ascribe/, v, asperse', v. avenge', v. Ac,t for AD, signification the same; as, accede', for adcede, to yield to; access', for adcess, a going to, approach. accept', v. accord', v. & n. acknowl'edge, v. ac'cident, n. accrue/, v. acquiesce/, v. acclivqity, n. accuse, v. acquire', v. - That is, to write any work or act to or against one's name, as in an account-book; hence, to "charge to," to "impute" or "attribute." t It will be perceived that ad and several other prefixes change the final consonant so that it may correspond to the initial letter of the root to which it is joined. Thus, it becomes ac before a root beginning with c; of, before one beginning withf, and so on. In like manner, con becomes eol before a root commencing with l; cor, before one beginning with r, &;. To this general rule, however, there are a number of exceptions. 4* 24 LATIN PREFIXES. AF, for AD, signifies the same: as, afflux', for adflux, flowing to; affu'sion, for adfusion, a pouring upon. affect', v. affirm', v. af'flux, n. afflinity, n. affla/tus, n. affuse', v. AG, for AD, signifies the same: as, agglu'tinate, for adglutinate, to glue to, to cause to adhere; aggress', for adgress, to go to or against. AL, for AD, signification the same: as, allis'ion, for adlision, a dashing or striking upon or against; allocu'tion, for adlocution, a speaking to, or address. allege', v. allot', v. allu/vial, a. allitera'tion, n. allude/, v. ally', v. & n. AN, for AD, -signifies the same: as, annex', for adnex, to tie to; to join; announce', for adnounce, to tell to. anni'hilate, v. announce', v. annoy', v. an'notate, v. annu'merate, v. annul', v. AP, for AD, signifies the same: as, append', for adpend, to hang or join to, to affix. appal', v. appertain', v. appre'ciate, v. appara/tus, n. ap'petite, n. approach/, v. appeal', v. & n. appor'tion, v. appro'priate, v. & a. AR, for AD, signifies the same: as, ar'rogate, for adrogate, to ask or claim for (one's self)i;arro'sion, for adrosion, a nibbling at, or gnawing. As, for AD, signifies the same: as, assimilate', for adsimilate, to make like to; assist', for adsist, to stand by, to help. ascertain', v. assess', v. asso'ciate, v. a. & n. assail', v. assign', v. assort', v. assert', v. assim'ilate, v. assume', v. AT, for AnD, signification the same: as, attest', for ad.test, to bear witness to; attract', for adtract, to draw to. attach', v. attend', v. attrib'ute, v. attain', v. attest/, v. attriti'on, n. LATIN PREFIXES. 25 AM, or AMB, (Gr. cumb,) signifies round or about: as, am'bient, going round or surrounding;,am'putate, to cut round or prune, to cut off. ambiti'on, n. anhela'tion, n.1 ambus'tion, n. ambigu'ity, n. am'putate, v. circumam'bient, a. ANTE, signifies before: as, antece'dent, going before. an'techamber, n. antedilu'vian, n. & a. antemun'dane, a. antedate', v. antemerid'ian, a. antepenult', n. CIRCUM, signifies round or about: as, eireumnav'igate, to sail round; circumvolu'tion, a rolling or turning round. cirtcuit, n. & v.' circumfuse', v. circumscribe', v. circumam'bient, a. circumja'cent, a. cir/cumspect, a. circum'ference, n. circumnav'igate, v. cir'cumstance,n.& v. CIs, signifies on this side of: as, cis'alpine, on this side of the Alps;* cisatlan'tic, on this side of the Atlantic. CON, for CuM, signifies together; with; altogether or entirely; the same with anothert: as con'catenate, to link together; con'fluent, flowing or running together; con'gregate, to flock together; connect', to tie or join together;- convene', to come together; convoke', to call together. * Cisalpine and Transalpine are generally used with reference to Rome. Hence, Cisalpine signifies south of the Alps, i. e. between the Alps and -Rome; Transalpine denotes the contrary side. t Con is sometimes simply intensive, and sometimes almost or quite re. dundant. Cogo, (from con and ago,) besides to "drive or bring together," often signifies to "force or compel," whence our word cogent, "compelling, forcible." In like manner, compello (from con and pello) appears in many cases to lose the peculiar force of the prefix, and to signify simply to "drive or force," which corresponds to our " compel." Conduco frequently signifies little more than duco, to "lead or conduct." The departure from the original meaning in these and similar instances, may perhaps be explained, if we consider that in words relating to the driving of flocks or herds, or the leading of armies, (which occupations, at least in the early periods of Roman history, must have furnished the most frequent occasions for the use of such verbs as compello, conduco, &c.,) the prefix con, "together," or "all together," is not without its appropriate force. It would be perfectly easy and natural afterwards, to employ a word, which in strictness could only be used in reference to numbers, in describing actions which refer to an individual object. See note on page 28. 2 26- LATIN PREFIXES. concat'enate, v. conduce', v. di'sconcert', v. con'cave, a. conglom'erate, v. & a. discontent', n. a. & v. concen'trate, a. con'gress, n. inconclu'sive, a. con'clave, n. connect', t. intconsid'erate, a. concrete', v.- & a. contain', v. mal'content, a.. & n. concur', v. contract', v. miscon'strue, v. Co, for CON, (prefixed to words beginning- with a vowel or with h,) has the same signification: as, coe'qual, for conequal, equal. with; cohere', for conhere, to stick together; coop'erate, for conoperate, to work with or togethercoacer'vate, v. coheir', U. cofiantgent, n. coadju'tor, n. cohere', v. cotem'porary, a& n. coag'ulate, v. co-op'erate, v. incohe'rent, a. CoG,* for CoN, signifies the same: as, cog'nate, for cornnate, born together or with; hence, related, allied. C6L, for CON, has the same signification: as, collect!, for conlect, to gather together. CoM, for CON, (prefixed to words beginning with b, m, or P,) has the same signification: as, combine', for conbine, to put two or more things together; cornmmix', for conmix, to mix together; compose', for conpose, to put together. commen'surate, v.&a. compare', v. & n. compress', v. ceomming'le, v. compa'triot, n. decompose'-, t. commix', v. compeer', n. & v; encom'pass, v.:com'pact, n.. compo'nent, a. incomplete', a. COR, for CON, signification the same: as, correla'tion, for conrelation, relation together, or reciprocal relation; corrob'orate, for conroborate, to strengthen together, or in conjunction with something else, also, simply to strengthen. correct', v. & a. corrode/,;, v incorrect', a. correspond',- v. cor'rugate, v. incor'rigible, a.. Con is changed to cog, and in to ig, before, few Latin words beginning with n, derived from Greek roots commencing with- g; e. g. cogNATUS (.NATUS being from the Greek yevritoj),. for eonNATUS; igNoscO, (Nosco being'lerived from ylvoocKo), for iINosco, &c. LATIN PREFIXES. 27 CONTRA, signifies against or contrary to: as, contradict', to speak contrary to; contraposi'tion, a placing against or opposite to. COUNTER,,(from the French contre,) for CONTRA: as, counteract', to act against; counterpoi'son, a medicine against poison, an antidote. counterbal'ance, v. countermand', v. counterpoise', v. countercheck', v. countermarch', v. counterpres'sure, n. coucn'terfeit, v. a. & n. counterpart, n. countersign', v. DE,'signifies down; from; off or away; rarely' about, concerning; Un or Dis*: as, deduce', to lead or draw from; defend', to strike or ward off; deject', to cast down; depose', to put down, to dethrone; depress', to press down, to deject; descend', to climb down; describe', to write about or concerning; destroy', to unbuild or pull down, to put an end to, to annihilate. debar', v.' demise', n. depre'ciate; v. decant', v. denote', v. detract', v, decum'bent, a. depend', v. devolve', v. deduct', v. deiepictV, v. indef'inite, a. DIs, (from the Italian or French), signifies, bef y.erbs, to reverse the act of, often denoting privation: before adectives or nouns, the reverse of; not: as, disarm, to unarm, or reverse the act of arming, to deprive of arms; discrown', to uncrown, to reverse the act of crowning, to take off the crown; dislike', not to like, the reverse of to "like;" disloy'al, not loyal; dissat'isfied, not satisfied, the reverse of satisfied. disbur'den, v. dismast', v. disfa'vor, n. disembark', v. dismount', v. disgrace', n. disengage', v. disunite', v. dishon'est, a. disentan'gle, v. disuse', v. disingen'uous, a. disenthrone', v. discontent', n. disrespect'ful, a. dishon'or, v. disease', n. disrep'utable, a;.De, in some words derived from the French, has the same signification as Di8 or T(l; as derange (Fr. deranger), to disarrange or put out of order, detach, to dis-attach, to loosen, to separate. This signification of De in Latin words is very rare. DIs, in words derived directly from the Latin, signi:fes apart; in: different'or opposite, directions; differently*: as, dispel', to drive apart, to scatter; dissect', to cut apart; distend', to stretch apart; distrib'ute, to give apart, to bestow in parts. discern', v. dissent', v. & n. dissuade', v. dispense', v. tdissev'er, v. distend', v. dispose', v. dissolve', v. distract', v. DI, for Dis, signifies the same: as, dqivert', to turn apart or Away; digress~' to go apart or away from the - subject., dishev'elIled, p. diverge', v. di'gest, n. disperse', v. divide', v. dimen'sion, n. Di,; for Dis: as, diffluent,:flowing apart or away; diffuse', to' pour apart, to spread. Ex, signifies out or forth; beyond$; up; from or away: as, excite', to call out, to rouse; exclude', to shut out; expend', to weigh out~; exposittion, the act of setting forth; exceed', to go beyond; excess', a going beyond due limits; extol', to lift up, to -exalt. exceed', v, exhaust', v. expert', a. except', v. & rpr, texist, v. extend', v. exclim', v.,f eaand', v.'"'> extol', v. exclude', v.: expec'torate, v. - extort', v.:x-aie'h.u q- expeil, v. extract', v.: for:Ex, signifies hff samer: ges, ebulli'tion, a boiling out or over eject', to cast out; elect',, to choose out; -erase' to scrape or blot out; erupttion, a breaking or bursti'ng out; em'anate,. to flow from. As con generally implies "uiion," Dis, on the contrary, mostly signifies'"separation" or "disunion.'"- Thus, as consent signifies to think with or Fgree with, dissent signifies to think apart from, to differ in opinion or sentliment:- aontribute means to give together or collect by giving; distribute signifies to:give apart' or to separate by giving.'h-e-prefix. in dissever alters not the meaning of its primitive sever. x often Pdenotes "excess," or something beyond what is usual or p rop times, oined gold r silver was eiged out wen paid.' In former times, uncoined gold or silver was weighed out when paid. .e'dict, nrm.:em-anate, v..- erad'icate, v. educe', v..Cerge', v.!. ~. erno'tion, n. e'gress,' n. emnit', v.. evap'orate, v. el'oquent, a. ener'vate, v. evolve', v. EF., for EX, -has the aame significa.tion: as, ejfervesce', to boil out or over, to toil or bubble up; effux, a flowing o.Qt r forth. effaoe', v. ef'ferent, a, ef'fort, n. effect',.n. & v. effluenee, w. effuse/, v. EXTRA, signitfi-es beyond or beyond the limits of: aS, eo tramun'dane, beyond the worcld; extraor'dinary, beyond.ordinary; extrav'(agant, wandering or o.ing beyond due limits. IN, before verbs, participles, and nouns,.expressing:the action'of a verb, signifies in; -into; on or.upon; against: as, include', to shaut or close in; influx'(,: a flowing in; infuse', to pour into -or.upo,; inspeci', to look into; iznter', to put into the earth; invade', to go against. in/born, a. in'cubate,,v. inhale', v. incase', v. inqur/, v. inhuime', v. incisi'on, n. ifduce', v. in'sect, n. incite', v. in' gress, n. invest', v. IL, for IN, has the same signifcation; as, illu'minto, 0 o shine into or upon; illu'sion, a lplaying upon or deceiving, a deceptive appearance. IM, for IN, used before b, mn, andp, signification the same: as, imbibe', to drink in, to absorb:; impel,-to drive on; impend, to hang upon or over; import, -to carry or bring in 0r into; impreoate', to pray aginst; impute', to reckon or charge against. immerse/, v. izmpinge', v. im'precate, v. im'minent, a. implait, v. imprint', V.' immure', v. im/plicate, v. impugn/, v.. impede;', u. impose', v. impute', v. [I, for IN, signifies the same: as, irra'diate, to. shion into; irrup'tion, a breaking or bisting nto, 30 LATIN PREFIXES. -IN, IG*, IL, IM, and IR, before an adjective or noun, signifies not; the reverse or opposite of; absence of: as, inac'tive, not active; inglo'rious, not glorious, the reverse of glorious; injus'tice, the opposite of justice; igno'ble, the reverse of noble; ille'gal, not legal; irreli'gion, the absence of religion, the opposite of religion.. inabil'ity, n. illo'gical, a. impar'tial, a.inac'tive, a. illeg/ible, a.. impa'tient, a. inan'imate, a. illegit/imate, a. imper'vious, a. inar'able, a. illic'it, a. impolite', a. inau'dible, a. illiterate, a. improp'er, a. incohe'rent, a.;.segiea,a. impru/dent, a. incom'petent, a. immac'ulate, a. irrati'onal, a. incomplete', a. immate/rial, a. irreg'ular, a. incor'rect, a. immature', a. irreproach/able, a.i incul'pable, a. imme'diate, a. irresis'tible, a. indepen/dent, a. & n. immense', a. irres'olute, a. indiscreet'/ a. immor'al, a. irrev'ocable, a. INTER, signifies between or among: as, intercede', to go between, tq mediate; interja'cent, lying between; intermix', to mix among; intervene', to come between. tintellect", n. intercos'tal, a. interme'diate, a. intelligent, a. interjec'tion, n. interpose', v. interchange', v. interline', v. interreg'num, n. interclude', v. interlude, n. intersect',. v. INTRO, signfies in or into; inward: as, introduce', to lead in; introvert', to turn inward. JUXTA, signifies near to or by: as, juxtaposition, a being placed near or next to. OB, signifies against; before; in the way as, obtrude', to thrust against; obstruct', to build or place against or in the way; ob'ject, something thrown or placed before. ob'durate, a. oblige', v. obstruct', v. obey', v. obnoxious, a. obtrude', v. obe'dient, a. - observe', v. obtuse', a. object', v. ob'stacle, n. ob'viate, v. SSee Note on page 26. t For interlect: the r is changed to /, before a word beginning with 1: see second note on page 23. LATIN- PREFIXES. 31.Oc, for OB, has the same signification: as, occur', to run against or before, to present (itself) before, to happen. OF, for OB, signifies the same: as, offend', to strike against, to injure, to displease. Or, for OB, has the same signification: as, oppose', to put or set against, to place (one's self) against; oppugn', to fight against, to oppose. PER,* signifies through; thoroughly: as per'ambulate, to walk through; per'fect, made or done thoroughly; perforate', to bore through. impercep'tible, a. persevere', v. pertain', v. pel!u'cid, a. perspec'tive, n. & a. pervade', v. percussi'on, n. perspic'uous, a. pervert', v. perpet'uate, v. perspire', v. yeruse-, v. POSTp[ignifies after: as, postdilu'vian, after the flood; postmerid'ian, after midday; post'script, something written after. PRE (Latin prse), signifies before or beforehand: as, precede', to go before; predict', to tell beforehand. precurs'or, n. prefix,, v. prel'ude, n. precipice, n. predispose', v. premature', a. preclude', v. pre-engage', v. prepare', v.;V. predes'tinate, V. prejudge, v. prepos'terous,'a. PRETER (Latin praeter), signifies beyond; past or by: as, pre'terite, gone past or gone by; preternat'ural, beyond or more than natural. PRO (,po), signifies for; forward; forth; out: as, vrocon'sul, one who acts for (or instead of) a consul; protnoun, a word used instead of a noun; proceed', to go forward; propels, to drive forward; produce', to lead or bring forth; protr.act', to draw out. * Per sometimes expresses inversion or doing wrong. Thus, pervert signifies to turn through (as a sleeve), to turn the wrong side out; perjury, wrong or false swearing; perfidy, wrong, bad, or false faith. 5 32 LATIN PREFIXES. proclaim', v. prol'ogue, n. prophet, n. procure', v. prolong', v. proscribe', v. produce', v. promote', v. pros'pect, n. prof'it, n. & v. propel', v. provide', v. RE, signifies back; again or anew; against: as, recede', to go back; reclaim', to call back (from error or vice), to reform; resume/, to take again; resist', to stand against. readmit', v. recapit'ulate, v. refit', v. reascend', v. recline', v. reflect', v. rebuild', v. reconq'uer, v. remove', v. recant', v. reduce', v. ren'ovate, v. RED, for RE, signifies the same, used chiefly before words beginning with a vowel: as, redeem', to buy back, to ransom; redin'tegrate, to make whole again, to restore. RETRO, signifies back or backwards: as, retroceAe', to go back; retrotgrade, to go back por backwards, (adj.) going backwards. SE, signifies aside; apart; astray: as, secede', to go aside or apart; seclutsion, a shutting apart, separating from society at large; seduce', to lead aside or astray. SEMI, (from Semis, a "half,") signifies half; imperfectly: as, semiantnual, half yearly; semibar'barous, half barbarous; semitcircle, half a circle; semifluid,' imperfectly fluid. SINE, signifies without: as, sinetcure, a situation or office without care or trouble. SUB, signifies under; up under; slightly: as, subja,' cent, lying under; submarine', under the sea; subscribe', to write under; sub'deacon, an under deacon; subaclid, slightly acid. sub'altern, a. & n. subject', v. subscribe', v. subcuta'neous, a. sub'jugate, v. sub'stance, n. subdivide', v. submit/, v. subtract', v. subdue', v. subof'ficer, n. subvert'. v. LATIN PREFIXES. 33 Suc, for SUB, has the same signification: as, succumb', to lie down or sink under a burden, to yield. SUF, for SUB, signifies the same: as, suffuse', to pour or spread under. SuP, for SUB, signifies the same: as, support', to bear up under; suppress', to press under, to stifle, to subdue. Sus, for SuB, or SURSUM, signifies up: as, suspend', to hang up; sustain', to hold up. SUBTER, signifies under; secretly: as, sub'terfuge, a flying under, a secret escape. , pre' fix, n. confixt', v. )Lx fix'ity, n. 6 prefix'ion, n. cru'cifix, n. fix'ture, o ~transfix', v. crucjfix'ion, n. fix'ure, n. q h. unfix', v. fix, v. a infix', v..Nva, unfixed', a. fixa'tion, n. r t FAc CTI-Js,,. zgainglag dowvn, languid, weak., Jfab'by, a. flac'cid, a. 9os't: fliaccid'ity, n. FLAGITI-UNr, n. 2.. (flagris dignum crimen, a crime meriting whips or lashes), a scandal, wickqdness. flagiti'ous, a. a4'lagiti'ousness, n. d, iqq t4 / FLAGR-o, v. 1. to burn, to be all in a flame, to be inflamed: as, conJlagra'tion, the act of burning together, (a general fire or burning.) confiag;aition, n.. defla'grable, a. def'lagrate, v.. k confla'grant, a. defiagrabil'ity, n. defiagra'tion, n. * Confiscate, (a Fiscus, originally a hamper, pannier, bastet, or frail, but metonymically the emperor's treasure, because it was anciently kept in such hampers), to transfer private property to the prince or public, by way of penalty for an offince. t When any letter or letters are joined to the end of a word, it is called in affix posti, or termination; and when placed at the beginning of a word, it is called a prefix or inseparable preposition. Affix, literally, what is fixed to, Postfix, what is fixed after,-both of which words mean precisely the same thing; Prefix, what is fixed before. FLA,146 FLI fla'grance, n. f la'grant, a. fla'grate, v. fla'grancy, n. fla'grantly, ad. flagra'tion, n. I;LAMEN, in.is, m. 3. a pnliest appropriated to some parttcu lar god. arch.flamen, n. fla'men, n..famin'ical, a. FLAMM-A, f 1. a Jlame, a blaze: as, inflam'mable, that can, or easy to be set on flame. fam'beau, n. fl Jam'meous, a. inflam'mableness, n flame, n. & v. Jflammif'erous, a. inflammabil'ity, n. flame'less, a. fl.fammiv'omous, a. inflamma'tion, n. fla'ming, a. fla'my, a. infiam'matory, a. fla'mingly, ad. inflame', v.. uninflam'mable, a. jlam'mable, a. infla'mer, n. uninflamed', a. flammabil'ity, n. inflam'mable, a.'FLAT-US, -m. 4. (a flo, to blow), a puff; blast, or gale oJ wind: as, inflate', to blow in, or to swell with wind. affa'tus, n. i ~.fla'tlve, a. inJfa'tion, n. affla'tion, n. fla'tus, n. - insuffla'tion, n. confla'tion, n. flat'ulent, a. f per'flable, a. difa'tion, n. f.fiat'ulency, n.?. perflate', v. efyfate', v. flat'uous, a. -perfla'tion, n. exsuffla'tion, \ fliatuos'ity, n. suffia'tion, n..flab'ile, a. inflate', v. FLECTO, flexum, v. 3. to bend, to turn, to change: as, deflect', to turn down or-aside; iflifex'ible, that cannot be bent, moved, or changed; refiec'tion, the act of bending or throwing back. -: circumflect', v. _..flec'tor, or. ^; inflexibil'ity, n. cir'cumflex, n. ex r, n. exor, n. reflect', v. conflex'ure, n. flexan'imous, a.z reJlec'tion, n. deflect', v. flex'ure, n. k reflec'tent, a. deflec'tion, n. Jlex'uous, a. ~'-% reflec'tive, a. deflex'ure, n. _ inJfect', v. reflec'tor, n. flex'ible, a. inflec'tion, n. relfiex,iar & n. flex'ibleness, n. inflec'tive, a. reflex'ible, a. flexibil'ity, n. nex'ed, a. I; reflexibil'ity, n. flex'ile, a. inflex'ible, a. reflex'ive, a. ftec'tlon, or inflex'ibly, ad. reflex'ively, ad. flex'ion, n. inflex'ibleness, n., superreflex'ion, n. FLIa-o, flictum, v. 3. to' beat or strike: as, conflict', to strive or struggle by striking against one another. afflict', v. aflSic'tingly, ad. afflic'tive, a. afflic'tor, n. afic'tion, n. aflic'tively, ad. FLO 147 FLU a~ffic tedness, n. inflict', v. inflic'tion, n. conflict', v. inflic'ter, n. inflic'tive, a. con'flict, n. FLOS, flor-is, m. 3. z flower, a bloom or blossom: as, Flo'ra, the goddess of flowers; fo'ral, relating to Flora or flowers; effiores'cent, growing or shooting out in form of fowers. bif'lorous, a. - flor'id, a. flour'isher, n. deflour', v. flor'idly, ad. flour'ishingly, ad deflou'rer, n. flor'idness, n. flow'er, n. & v. defJora'tion, n. florid'ity, n.- lou'ret, or efflores'cence, n. I florif'erous, a. flow'eret, n. efflores'cency, n. - flor'en, or. flo'ret, n. efflores'cent, a. *flor'in, n. flow'ering, n. Plo'ra, n. *.) fro'rist, n. flow'erless, a. flo'ral, a. I flor'ulent, a. flow'ery, a. Flor'ence, nm. flos'culous, a. 4f flow' eriness, n. Flor'entine, n. C- flour, n. reflour'ish, v. flo'riage, n. flour'ish, v. & n. FLUCTU-O, v. 1. (2 fluo), to rise in waves; to be in sus. pense: as, fiuc'tuate, to roll to and fro as waves. fluc'tua, v Jfictua tign, n. fluc'tuant, a. PFL'-O, fluxum, v. 3. to fJow: as, aIluent, lowing to; flu., a flow; reflux, a flowing bacL; influence, a flowing in or upon; superfluous, flowing above, or more than enough, (unnecessary.) affluence, n. flof, v. fu'ently, ad. af fluenrcy, n.? def'luous, a. flu'id, a. & n. af fluent, a. 1 defiux'ion, n. - flu'idness, n. affuently, ad. - diffluence, n.4~- sfuid'ity, n. affluentness, n. dif'fluent, a.,f Jlu'or, n. af'lux, n. ef fluence, n.( fluviat'ic, a. afflux'ion, n. ef-Jfuent, a. / f Jlux'ion, n. bloody-flux', n. _ effu'vium, n. flux'ionary, a. circumnfluence, n. efflu'via, n. pl. flux'ionist, n. circum'fluent, a. ef'fiux, n. ~ flux'ure, n. circumfluons, a. lux', v. I/ flux, n. & v. confluence, n. efux'ition, n. conifluent, a. fellif'luous, a. fluxible, coniflux, m. fu'ency, n. fluxibii'ltv, n. counter-influence,a. fu'ent, a. & n. Jiuxil'tty, n. * Florin (Fr.) a coin of different value, first made by the Florentines or in. nabitants of Florence, a city of Italy. That of Germany is 4s. 6d.; that of Spain 4s. 4 d., that of Palelrmo and Si: ily 2s.- 6d.; that of Holland 2s. or is. 8d FLU 148 FOR ~flux'ive, a. mellif'luent, a. semiflu'id, a. ignif'luous, a. mellif'luous, a. subterfluent,or influence, n. & v. r- prof'luence, n.e-o subterfluous, a. mIfluent, a. prof'luent, a. - superflu'itance, n. influen'tial, a. reflow', v. superflu'itant, a. influen'tially, ad. ref'luence, n. superfluous, a. inf'lux, n. ref'luency, n. superfluousness, n. injlux'ion, n. ref'luent, a. superflu'ity, n. interfluent, a. reflux, n. unsuperfluous, a. mellif'luence, n. t rorif'luent, a. t' su'perflux, n. FLUvI-Us, m. 2. (at fluo), a river-fuviat'ic, a. - Foc-ES for FAUC-ES, pi. of faux, the jaws; the throat or gullet: as, suffocate, to choke or strangle. suf'focate, v. suffoca'tion, n. suf:focative, a. Fo6-us, nz. 2. a fire-hearth or altar; a point. -fo'cus, n. fo'cal, a. FCT-US or FET-US, m. 4. a child or animal yet in the uwomb —f'tus or fe'tus, n. FOIBLE, m. (Fr.) a weak or blind side; a failing. foi'ble, n. 3 iet' FOL1-UxJ, n. 2. a leaf: as, folia'ceous, consisting of lamine or leaves; fo'liage, leaves collectively. exfo'liate, v. aL ~,. fo'lious, a. - info'liate, v. exfolia'tion, n.' - fo'liate, v. &t j., d- interfo'liate, v. exfo'liative, a. v- folia'tion, n. port-fo'lio, n. folia'ceous, a.,'4 afo'liature, n. \- rotundifo'lious, a. fo'liage, n. v, fo'lo, n. - trelfoil, n.,_ FOMENT —UM, n. 2. (a foveo, to warm or keep warm), a cherishing with heat; an application to cure or relieve pain. foment', v. fomenta'tion, n. refoment', v. fomen'ter, n. FoNS, font-is, m. 3. a source or origzn. foizt, n.,.'...-, foun'tain, n. foun'tainless, a. fount, n. foun'tainhead, n. fount'ful, a. FORCEPS, ip-is, f 3. a pair of tongs, a surgeon's pincers. for'ceps, n. - for'cipated, a. forcipa'tion, n. -FoRIS, f. 3. a door; ai'da*'.'out of doors, alrroad: as, for'age, to go out of doors in search of provisions. for'age, v. & n. for'ager, n. for'aging, n. & a. FOR 149- FOR for'eign, a. - for'feit, n. v. & a. for'feiture, n. for'eigner, n. for'feiter, n. forin'secal, a. for'eignness, n. for'feitable, a. FORM-s,.f.1. a form or shape, a figure: as, deform', to spoil the form, (to make ugly); for'mal, belongingf t1 form; reform', to form again or anew; transform' to change the form. *anguil'liform, a. forma'tion, n. nonconfor'mity, n. anti-reform'er, n. for'mative, a. nonconfor'mist, n. biform, a. for'mer, n. nonconfor'ming, a. biformed, a. form'fTl, a.;'" om'niform, a. conform, a. & v. form'less, a. omnifor'mity, n. conform'er, n. formos'ity, n. j perform', v. confor'mable, a.'-for'mula, n. perform'able, a. confor'mably, ad. for'mulary, n. ~V'perfor'mance, n. conforma'tion, n. for'mule, n. perform'er, n. confor'mist, n. I- glan'diform, a. - preform', v. confor'mity, n. - hyperbol'iform, a. - reform',' v. & n. cru'ciform, a. inconfor'mity, n. refor'mative, a. cune'iform, a. inconfor'mable, a. reforma'tion, n. deform', v. & a. " inform', v. & a. refor malize, v. deforma'tion, n. infor'mal, a. reform'er, n. defor'medly, ad. infor'mally, ad. rpefor'mist, n. defor'medness, n. informal'ity, n... ret'iform, a. defor'mity, n. Jinfor'mative, a. - scu'tiform, n. -de'jform, a. infor'med, a. transform', v. deifor'mity, n. inform'er, n. transforma'tion, n dif form, a. infor'mant, n. triform, a. diffor'mity, n. information, n. ver'miform, a. disconfor'mity, n. infor'mity, n. undeformed', a. disu'niform, a. infor'mous, a. unformed', a. enform', v. -len'tiform, a. u'nform, a. & n. en'siform, a. u'ciform, a. utniformly, ad. equifor'mity, n. mam'miform, a. unifor'mity, n. form, n. & v. misinform', v. uninformed', a. for'mal, a. misinform'er, n. unperformed', a. for'mally, ad. misinforma'tion, n. unrefor'mable, a f(r'malist, n. j mul'tiform, a. unreformed', a. formal'ity, n. multifor'mity, n. unu'niform, a. — for'malize, v. myr'tiform, a. unperfor'ming a. FORMID-O, f. 3. fear, dread-; as, for'midable, that may be feared. for'midable, a. for'midableness, n. infor'midable, a, for'midably, ad. *Ang-uillifo m, (a anguilla, f. 1. an eel), having the form of an eel FOR 150 FOR FORNIX, ~c-is, m. 3. an arch or vault; a brothel, (such places being anciently in vaults.) for'nicate, v. for'nicated, a. for'nicatress, n. fornica'tion,. n. fornica!tor, n. FOR-o, v. 1. to bore, to pierce: as, imperlforable, that cannot be bored. foram'inous, a. - imperforated, a. per forator, n. imperlforable, a. perforate, v.; odj per'forative, a. imperforate, a. perfora'tion, n. i FORS, fort-is, f. 3. chance, luck, fortune: as, fortu'itous, happening by chance; unfor'tunate, not having luck, unlucky. fortu'itous, a. for'tune, n. & v. infor'tunately, ad. fortu'itously, ad. for'tuned, a. ~ misfor'tune, n. fortu'itousness, n. for'tune-hunter, n. - unfor'tunate, a. for'tunate, a. for'tuneless, a. unfor'tunately, ad. for'tunately, ad. for'tune-teller, n. unfor'tunateness, 2n. for'tunateness, n. infor'tunate, a. FORT-IS, a. strong, valiant: as, comfort, to make strong together, (to make glad); for'tify, to make strong. comrfort, v. & n. for'cedly, ad. -for'titude, n. comrforter, n. for'cer, n. for'tress, n. comfortress, n. force'ful, a. enforce', v. com'fortable, a. force'fully, ad. enforce'able, a. comfortably, ad. force'less, a. enfor'cer, n. comfortableness, n. for'cing, n. enfor'cedly, ad. comfortless, a. for'cible, a. enforce'ment, n. comlforting, n. & a. for'cibly, ad. recomifort, v. coun'terfort, n. for'cibleness, n.' re-enforce', v. deforce', v. - fort, n. re-enforce'ment, n. deforce'ment, n. ~ for'te, n. uncomfortable, a. deforor,yn. ~ — t4 for'tify, v. uncomfortably, ad. discom'5frt, n. & v. for'tifier, n. uncomf'ortableness,n. discomifortable, a. fortifiable, a. unforced', a. ef:fort, n. fortifica'tion, n. unfor'cible, a. force, n. & v. r fort'in, n. +~ unfor'tified, a. -FoR-Ux,* n. 2. a public place in Rome, a market-place. circumfora'nean, a. forum, n. fair, n. circumfora'neous, a. foren'sic, a. _ fai'ring, n. * Forum, a public place at Rome, where assemblies of the people were held justice was administered, and other public business transacted; particularly what concerned the borrowing and lending of money." —Adam's Dict. FOS 151 FRA Foss-s, f. 1. (a fodio, v. 3. to dig), a ditch or trench. effossi'on, n. fos'sil, a. & n. refossi'on, n. fosse, n. fos'silist, n., suffossi'on, n. fosse'way, n. FRaGR-O, v. l.o Sll sweetly. v fragrance, n.' fra'grant, a. fra'grantly, ad. fra'grancy, n. FRANC, FRANCHE, a. (Fr.) free, liberal: as, fran'chise, to make free; disfran'chise, to take away the freedom, to deprive of privileges. affran'chise, v. enfran'chisement, n.r frank'incense, n. affran'chisement, n. -. fran'chise, n. & v. -*frank'lin, n. disfran'chise, v. fran'chisement, n. tFranks, n.disfran'chisement, n. frank, a. n. & v. French, n. & a. enfran'chise, v. frank'ly, ad. french'ify, v. enfran'chiser, n. frank'ness, n. french'like, a. FRANG-O, fractum, v. 3. to break: as, infran'gible, tha cannot" be broken; frac'tion, the act of breaking, a broken part; frag'ile or frail, easily broken, (weak.) fract, v. frail'ty, n. refract', v. frac'tion, n. fran'gible, a. refrac'tion, n. frac'tional, a. infract', v. refrac'tive, a. frac'tious, a. infrac'tion, n. refrac'tory, a. & n. frac'ture, n. & v.?-infran'gible, a. refrac'toriness, n. frag'ile, a. infringe, v. ref'ragable, a. ie fragil'ity, n. infring'er, n. refran'gible, a. frag'ment, n. infringe'ment, n. refrangibil'ity, n. frag'mentary, a. - irref'ragable, a. sax'ifrage, n. fra'gor, n. C-v irref'ragably, ad. saxif'ragous, a. frail, a. irref'ragableness, n'- Tsuffrag'inous, a. frail'ness, n. irref'ragabil'ity, n. unrefrac'ted, a. FRATER, m. 3. a brother: as, frater'nal, belonging to a brother; frat'ricide, the murder of a brother. confrater'nity, n. frater'nally, ad.; frat'ricide, n. frate'nal, a. frater'nity, n. frater'nize, v. * Franklin, literally, a little free gentleman, a stewart; a freeholder of considerable property. And the name has given rise to that of many families in England. t "From the Franks, the French or Frenchmen are descended, who seem, to have been so called for having chosen in some sort to live in more freedom and liberty, than some other of.the Germans did."- Verstegan. "I come to the French, a people breathing liberty by the very derivation of their name." Bewtailing of the Peace of Germany. + Suffraginous, belonging to the knee-joints of beasti. 15 FRA 152 FRO FRAUS, fraud-is, f. 3. fraud, deceit, guile: as, frau'dulent. -full of artifice or deceit. defraud', v. fraud'ful, a. frau'dulency, n. defrau'der, n. fraud'fully, ad. frau'dulent, a. defraud'ment, n. frau'dulence, n. f au'dulently, ad. fraud', n. FRuEN- -U. for, FRMEN-UJ, n. 2. a bit, a cuTb or restr aint. refrain', v. -. reftena'tion, n. FRENZY for PHRENZY. (See PAren.) FREQUEENS, nt-is, a. often done, seen or occurring o ften; as, unfre'quent, not occurring often. fre'quence, n. 1 frequent'able, a. — infre'quent, v. fre'quency, n:. frequenta'tion, n. unfre'quent, a. fre'quent, a. a - frequen'tative, a. unfre'quently ad. fre'quently, ad. infre'quence, n. T unfrequent', v. frequent', v. infre'quency, n. unfrequent'ed, a. frequent'er, n. infre'quent, a. FRIC -o, frictum) v. 1. to rub- as, fric'tion, the act of rub-' -; bing (two bodies together.) aftfric'tion, n. dentifrice, n. fric'tion, n. confrica'tion, n. 7tfrica'tion, n. per'fricate, v. FRIc-US, or-is, n. 3. cold, coolness: as, frigorif'ic, causing cold;- rfresh', to cool again, (to recreate.) frigefac'tion, n. e' infrig'idate, v.R - refrig'erant, a. & n. frig'id, a. a.!,> infrigida'tion, n. refrig'erate, v. frig'idly, ad., refresh', v. refrigera'tion, n. frig'idness, n. refresh'er, n. refrig'erative, a. frigid'ity, n. 6 refresh'ing, n. & a.. refrig'eratory,a.& n frigorific, a. - refresh'ment, n. FRIN'G-o (comP. form of Frango), to break. (See Prango.) FRi-o0, v. 1. to crumble, to break into small pieces. i fr'able, a. friabil'ity, n. unfri'able, a. F'RIVOL-US, a. triJfirig, of no moment: as, frivol'ity, the state of trifiing, or tri/ingDness. friv'olous, a. friv'olousness, n. frivol'ity, n. fri6v'olously, ad. PRoNs, nd-is, f. 3. a leaf: as, frondif'erous, bearing "::::': " - [leaves Jrond, n.. fronda'tlon, n frondiflerous, a.'!''. FRO 153 FUG FRONS, nt-is, f. 3. the forehead: as, confront', to bring foreheads together, (to face, to set face to frce); front'let, a bandage worn on the forehead. affront', v. & n. 5 confront', v. front'ed, a. afjron'ter, n. confronta'tion, n. *fron'tier, n. -& a. aftron'ting, a..effron'tery, n.{ b fron'tiered, a. af/ron'live, a. front, n. & v. fron'tispiece, n.! atferon'tiveness, n. front'al, n. front'less, a., bifron'ted, a. fron'tated, a. front'let, n. FRUCT-US, m. 4. (2 fruor), fruit. (See Fruor:) FRUG-ES, f 3. fruit: as, fru'gal, belonging to fruit, (figurativey, thrrfty, sparing.) fru'gal, a4 \"'' frugal'ity, n. infru'gal, a. fru'gally, ad. frugif'erous, a. FRUMENT-U-V, n. 2. (afruges, fruit), corn or grain. frumenta'ceous, a. rmenta'tion, n. ff~ru'menty, i.FRU-OR, Tuitus, dep. 3. to enjoy, to reap the fruit or p'ofit of: as, fruc'tify, to make fruitful, to bear fruit; fruiti'on, the act of enjoying, or pleasure given by the possession or use. fruc'ted, a. \. fruit'age, n. fruit'-groves, n. fructif'erous,'a. fruit'-bearer, n. fruit'less, a. fruc'tify, v. fruit'-bearing, a. fruit'lessly, ad. fructifica'tion, n. fruit'erer, fruifruit'lessness, n. fruc'tuous, a.., fr'uit'ery, n., - fruit'-time, n. fructua'tion, n). fruit'ful, a. fruit'-tree, n. fruc'ture, n. J, i. —fruit'fully, ad. -fruiti'on, n. fruit, n. fruit'fulness, n. rfru'itive, a. FRUSTR —., adv. in vain, to no purpose: as, frus'trate, to make vain or null, (to defeat.) frustra'neous,. a. frustra'tion, n. ltfrus'tratory, a. frus'trate, v. & a. -f frus'trative, a. unfrus'trable, a.' FuGI-O, V. 3. to fee or fly, to run away: as, fu'gitive, flying or running away, or one who runs awaiy' centrif'ugal, a. fugac'ity, n. - ref'uge, n. &fv. feb'rifuge, n. fu'gitive, a. & n. refitgee', n. fuga'cious, a. iN fugitiveness, n.. —sub'terfuge, n. fugga'ciousness, n.. ifugue, s. ver'mifuge, n, * Frontzer, the utmost verge of any territory, the border; properly that whitli terminates not at the sea, but fronts another country. f Frumenty, food made of wheat boiled in milk. t Fqg te, a term i music. FUL 154 FUN FTLGE-o, v. 2. to shine, to glitter, to be bright: as, efjul' gence, a shining out, (lustre, brightness.) effulge', v. T,-f ul'gid, a.. / T' ful'gury, n. efful'gence, n., -.:X ->tfulgid'ity, n. interful'gent,. a. efful'gent, a.; fullgour, n. / reful'gence, n. efidentel. t ful'gurant, a.. reful'gency, n. ful'gency, n. 1-f ful'gurate, v. $ reful'gent, a. ful'gent, a. fulgura'tion, n.r t.tI reful'gently, ad. FuLIG-0, ~n-is, f. 3. soot, smoke. fulig'inous, a. fulig'inously, ad. FULMEN, Yn-is, n. 3. fire darted from the clouds, lightning, thunder' as, ful'minate, to thunder or make a loud noise or crack. ful'minant, a. fulmina'tion, n. 1 ful'mine, v. ful'minate, v. fee(p,. e,uij,-'fulminatory, a. FUM-Us, m. 2.:moke, reek or fume: as, fu'migate, to smoke; perfume, a sweet odour sent through or forth, (fragrance.) effume', v.- % ( fu'migate, vt 7 infutmed', a. effumabil'it, n.l-s fumiga'tion, perfume, n. *fuma'do, n.$S, fu'mish, a. -, perfume', v. *fu'matory, n. fuming, n.; r perfu'mer, n.,fu n. & v.'- fu'mingly, ad. a.-~,A perfu'matory, a. Ju'tmu, a. fu'mous, a. suffumiga'tion, n. fumid'ity, n. fu'my, a.'.. unfu'med, a. FUNCT-US p. p. (a fungor, to discharge or perform one's duty), discharged or performed one's duty or office: as, func'tionary, one who performed, or' is charged with an office or employment; perfunc'tory, having performed an office Ptfrg y, (slight, careless.) -func'tion, n. t defunc'tion, n. perfunc'torily, ad. func'tionary, n. perfunc'tory, a. perfunc'toriness, n defunct', a. & n. FUNrD —, f. 1. a sling, a net, a bag, a store or stock. fun'd, n. &v. FUND —, fusum, v. 3. to pour, to melt: as, confound, to pour together, (to mix, to perplex, to amaze); fu'sible, ~ Fumdo, a smoked fish. Fumatory, an herb. FUN 155 FUN that may be melted; refund', to pour back, (to pay back what is received.) affuse', v. diffu'sively, ad. infu'sion, n. affu'sion,l n. diffu'siveness, n.' infu'sive,, a./ circumfuse', v. diffused', a. - interfused', a. circurmfu'sion,.n. diffu'sedly, ad.. profuse', a. circumfu'sile, a. diffu'sedness, n. profuse'ly, ad. confound', v. efse', V. & a. profuse'ness, n. confoun'der, n. effused', a. profu'sion, n. confoun'ded, a. effu'sion, n. refund', v. confoun'dedly, ad. effu'sive, a..v..-.-. refund'er, n. confoun'dedness, n. found, v. refu'sable, a. confuse', v. fuse, v. refuse', v. confu'sion, n. 4 fit'sible, a. ref'use, n. & a. 4' confu'sedly, ad. fusibil'ity, n. refu'ser, n. confu sedness, n..fu'sile, a. & -'..) refu'sal, n. diffuse', v. & a. __fu'sion, n. suffuse', v. diffuse'ly, ad.'f inconfused', a. suffu'sion, n. diffu'ser, n. infuse', v. ~ transfuse', v. diffu'sible, a. infu'ser, n. transfu'sible, a. diffu'sion, n. infu'sible, a.' 4 transfu'sion, n. diffu'sive, a. FUND-US, m. 2. the bottom: as, found, to lay the basis or bottom 6f any building, (to build, to establish); profound', having the bottom far-forth or down, (deep, learned, humble.) found, v. * founda'tionless, n. profound'ly, ad. foun'der, n. & v. foun'dling, n. profound'ness, n. foun'dress, n. fun'dament, n. profund'ity, n. foun'derous, a.~, 6 fundamen'tal,a. & n. refound', v. foun'dery, n. Vt,: fundamen'tally, ad. unfoun'ded, a. founda'tion, n. profound', a. & n. FuNG-vs, m. 2. a mushroom, a sponge. fung'us, n. fung'ous, a. fungos'ity, n. FUN-Is, m. 3. a rope or cord: as, funam'bulist, one who walks on ropes, (a rope-dancer.) fu'nicle, n. - funam'bulatory, a. - funam'bulo, or 5J funic'ular, a. k funam'bulist, n. funam'bulus, n. FUNUS, 6r-is,. n. 3. a burial, ca funeral: as, fune'brta., belonging to funerals. fu'neral, n. & a. fune'real, a. c.fune'brial, a. p7fu'nerate, v. Vfunera'tion, n. j-fune'brious, a. 15 -t FUR 156 GAL FUR, c. 3. a thief: as, fura'cious, given to stealing. fura'cious, a. fur'tive, a. S\ c *fu'runcle, n.K' furac'ity, n.P -, FURC-A, f. 1. a fork: as, bifur'cated, having two heads shooting out like a fork. bifur'cated, a. fork, n. & v., for'ky, a. r bifurca'tion, n. for'kedly, ad. 7 furca'tion, n. bifur'cous, a. for'kedness, n. ert r. FURFUR, m. 3. bran, husk; scurf or dandriff:. Jur'fur, n. furfura'ceous, a. FURI-R, f 1. (a furo, v. 3. to be mad)-, a fury or Jfiend; madness: as, infu'riate, put into a rage or fury, enraged. fu'rious, a. fu'riousness, n. infu'riate, a. & v. Jf'riously, ad. fu'ry, n. Frusc-us, a. blackish, tawny like the Indians. / infusca'tion, n. - offus'cate, v. offusca'tiqA, n. FUsT-IS, m. 3. a stick or cudgel. fus'tigate, v. fustiga'tion, n.. FUTIL-IS, a. leaky, babbling, trflinn'4 fu'tile, a. futil'ity, n. FUT-O, futatum, v. 1. to blame, to disprove: as, confute' to disprove; refute', tp prove false or eltoneous. confute', v. (.- y- confiutant, n. refu'table, a. confut'er, n. confutation, n. refiutal, n. confu'table, a. irrefu'table, a. refuta'lion, n. confute'ment, n. - refute', v., refu'ter, n. FUTUR-US, p. fut. (ab esse, to, about to be, that shall.or will be: as, futu'rity, time, or event to crome.,fiu'#tre, a. & n. futuriti'on, n. futu'rity, n. / fu'turely, ad. ~/' b -b "\ \ -\ FY (Eng. for Fico or FACIO), to make. (See Facio.) G. GALA (Spanish), fine dress: as, al'lant, gay, fine-dressed, ~ Furzacle, literally, a petty thief; but/it signifies now, a bile or,ngry pusule GAL 157 GAL. brave; gallant', a gay or brave man, (a wooer, or seducer.) / ga'la, n. gal'lantly, ad. ungal'lant, a. gallant', n. i?[.) gal'lantness, n. ungal'lantly, d. gal'lant, a. gal'lantry, n. GALAX (yaXag or aa), mae. - + ag'alaxy, n. *gal'axy, n. GALEA, f. 1. a helmet- - gal'eated, a. GALLI —U, f. 1. Gaul or France, a country qf Europe. -gael'ic, n. & a. xgal'lican, a. Gaul, n. gal'ic, n. & a. _..gal'licism, n. gaul;is, a. gal'lic, a. (,,, Ce t.`. GALLIN-q, f. 1. u gallus, m. 2. a cock), a hen. gallina'ceous, a. GALVANI,t Professor of Anatomy at Bologna. galvan'ic, a. gal'vanize, v. galvanom'eter, n. D tgal'vanism, n. * Galaxy, the mi/y way, or via lactea, is a broad white path or track, encornpassing the whole heavens, and extending itself' in some places with a double path, but for the most part with a single one. It has been discovered to consist of an innumerable quantity of'fixed stars, different in situation and magnitude, fiom the confused mixture of whose light its whole colour is supposed to be occasioned. Hence any splendid assemblage of persons or things.-Agalaxy, without, or want of milk. t " The wife of Galvani, professor of anatomy at Bologna, accidentally discovered, that when the nerve of the lirrmb of a frog, lying near an electrical machine, was touched with a piece of metal, it was thrown into violent convulsions, even though it had been dead for some time.-Galvani repeated the experiment, and, after varying it in different ways, proved satisfactorily what had thus been discovered by mere accident. He found, that the convulsions could also be excited independently of the electric machine (by means of metals.) It has therefore been called Galvanisnz, from its discoverer, and sometimes also voltaic electricity, (firom Volta, who supposed that it was merely common electricity evolved by the metals, particularly zinc and silver, the animal being the conductor, and showing its effects); ana the apparatus (being plates of zinc and silver, arranged in pairs alternately, and a moist cord being put between each pair) by which this was proved, is now termed a voltaic pile.Sir H. Davy found, on using the very powerful battery of the Royal Institut;on, consisting of 2000 pair of plates, each nearly six inches square, that when the pieces of charcoal were kept at the distance of four inches, there was a brilliant arch of light; and the greater part of' them was constantly in a state of ignition. By Galvanism, there is not only the evolution of light, but what is,still more remarkable, metals are easily ignited, and even fused, so that an intense heat is also excited. —It has been already stated, that it is generally admitted that Galvanism and electricity are one and the same agent; and that they are so, is evident from their effects. They both cause contraction of the liiinal fibre. In passing from one object to another, both emit' light and heat Conductors of electricity are conductors of Galvanism, While those which ate GAM 158 GE OAM-Eo (yarEs;w), to marry, to give in marriage: as, biog. amy, having two wives at once; dig'amy or deuterog'amy, second marriage. ag'amist, n. big'amist, Xn misog'amy, n, arnal'gam, or -n" t:~,cryptog'amy n. misog'amist, n. amal'gama, n.. / cryptog'amous, a. - monog'amy, n. *atial'gamate, v. " deuterog'amy, n. monog'amist, n. amalgama'tion, n. deuterog'amist, n. neog'amist, n. big'am, n.. dig'amy, n. polyg'amy, n. big'amy, n. dig'amist, n. polyg'amist, n. GANGREN-'. (7ayeygCIva, a y1gaw, to gnaw, to eat), a putrefy- ~. ~ ting ulcer. g Ganprene, n. &? v o'gan'grenate, v.,. gangrenous, a. GARRIo, v. 4. td prattle-gar'ruloufs a. garrul'itv,: GASTER, tr-os, (Y7'urV, regos), the bel7y or stomach, as, gds'tric, belorging to the belly or stomach. digas'tric, a.:v "ff'' gastril'oquy, n. gastror'aphy, n. gas'tric, a.. gastril'oquist, n. hypogas'tric, a. gastrot'omy, n. GAZETT-.,t (Ital.) a Venetian half-penny; a paper oaf news, or public intelligence. ga'zetf n. f cgazette', n. & v. gazetteer', n. GE (y7), the earth: as, geog'raphy, a description of the earth or world; geol'ogy, the doctrine of the earth; imperfect conductors of the one, are also imperfect conductors of the other." - Fylfe's Elements of Chemistry. " Although Galvanism and electricity may be considered as the same principles, still, according to the present state of our:knowledge, they may be thus distinguished. Galvanism is the portion of electricity which forms the component part of the conducting body, in the act of' undergoing a change in its capacity, from a greater to a lesser state; while electricity is the result of a temporary change in non-conducting bodies, insomuch that their capacities become, by attrition, momentarily increased."WVilkinso'!s Elem. of Galvanism. * Amalgamate, to unite metals'with quicksilver, which may be practised upon all metals, except iron and copper'. The use of this operation is to make the metals soft and ductile. Gold is, by this method, drawn over other materials by gilders. Used figuratively also; to mix or mingle. -t:" Gazetta (a Gaza, a treasure, wealth, Perst) is a Venetian halfpenny, the price of a newspaper, of which the first was published at Venice.-Dr. Johnson. It was a kind of literary newspaper, in single sheets, published at Venice in the sixteenth century, which was sold for a gazet. The foglio d'avvisi, fiom the circumstance of its price, has given the name of gazette to newspapers in many countries. At first, we used, in the plural, gazetti. Our gazettes began to be regularly printed in 1665."-Johnson's Dict. by Todd. GEL 159 GEM geopon'ics, the science of cultivating the ground: geot'ic, belonging to the earth. *apog'eon,.or i X geol'ogist, n. geom'etrize, v. *ap'ogee, n..-: ge'omancy, n. geopon'ics, n. geocen'tric, a.k d ge'omancer,n. geopon'ical,a. fgeodte'sia, n. geoman'tic, a. George, n. -geodjical, a. tgeom'etry, n. - geor'gic, n. & a.;geog'raphy, n. - geom'eter, n. geor'gical, a. geog'rapher, n. (?geom'etral, a. Georgium-Sidus, n. geograph'ical, a. geomet'ric, a. - geos'copy, n. geograph'ically, ad, geomet'rical, a.. geot'ic, a. t e'ogy, n. geometorically, ad. *hypcge'um, n. geological, a. geometrician, n. GEL-U, n. 4. frost, ice, cold: as, congeal', to turn by frost from a' fluid to a solid state; ingel'able, that cannot be frozen; gel'id, extremely cold. aggela'tion, n. / gel'atine, or gel'ly, or.congeal', v.C( s2) gelat'inous, a. _ jel'ly, n. 3 congeal'able, a., gel'id, a.%..- gel'lied, a. congeal'ment, n. gel'idness, n. f ftincongel'able, a. congela'tion, n. ( gelid'ity, n. -1 ingel'able, a. -gel'able, a. GEMIN-US, a. double, twain: as, gemellip'arous, bearing twins; gem'inous, double. congemina'tion, n. gemination, n.eination, n em'inous, a. gemellip'arous, a. - gem'ini, n. pl. e ingem'inate, v. &! a. gem'inatev (fodvit, gem'iny, ntifY, ingermina'tion, sn. GEMM-., f. 1. a bud; a gem or precious stone: as, gem'mary, Pertaining to gems or jewels. gem, n. & v., *2ici. gemmif'erous, a.R or gem'meous, a.' gem'my, a. gmary, a. gemmos'ity, n. * Apogeon, apogee, or apogeum, " a point in the heavens, in which the suln. or a planet, is at the greatest distance possible from the earth in its whole revolution. The ancient astronomers regarding the earth as the centre of the system, chiefly regarded the apogceon and perigacon, which the moderns, making the sun the centre, change for the aphelion and perihelion."-Chambers. / Hypogeum, parts of a building under ground, as cellars and vaults. t Geodaesia,.the art of measuring surfaces or land. Geometry, originally. signifies the art of measuring the earth, or any dis tances or dimensions on or within it; but it is now used for the science of quantity, extension, or magnitude, abstractly considered, without any regard to matter. Geometry is usually divided into the speculative and practical; the former of which contemplates and treats of the properties of continued quantity abstractedly; and the latter applies.these speculations and theorems to use and practice."-Harris. 4 Gemini, the twins, Castor and Pollux; the third sign ir' the Zodiac GEN 160 GEN G(ENEA (yESvea, a yeSvw or yivo0,, to be born), a generatzon, a birth, a descent, a family or race: as, geneal'ogyI the knowledge of families; homoge'neous, having the same nature or principles; genethi'liacs, the science of' calculating nativities; theog'ony, the generation of the gods. autoge'neal, a. genethliat'ic,'t e hdmog'eny, n. cosmog'ony, n. /genethlial'ogy, n. homogene'ity, n. cosmog'onist, n. gonorrhe'a, n.,homoge'neous, a. geneal'ogy, n. heteroge'neal, a. homoge'neousness,n. genealog'ical, a. heterogene'ity, n. Chy'drogen, n. genealogist, n. heterogeneous, a. theog'ony, n. Gen'esis, n. homoge'neal, a. [*ni'trogen, n. geneth'tiacs, n. homnoge'nealness, n. ox'ygen, n. genethli'acal, a. GENI-Us, m. 3. (a geno or gigno,) a guardian angel; a turn of mind; a-person of talent. (See Genus.)'GENs, gent-is, f 3. (A genus), that which is begotten; a ifamily, a nation, tribe or clan. (See Genus.) GENU, n. 4. the knee: as, genuflec'tion, the act of bending the knee. genic'ulate, a. genicula'tion, n. genuflec'tion, n. genic'ulated, a. GENUIN-US, a. (a geno or gigno, v. 3. to beget), natural, not spurious; frank, noble. (See Genus.) GENUS, ratis, n. 3. (a geno or gigno, v. 3. to beget or bring forth), a race or descent; a family, a kind or sort: as, degen'erate, to fall from the virtue of ancestors, or from its kind; gen'der, sex or kind; gen'eral, belonging to a whole tribe, (common or usual); gen'eralize, to reduce to a gerus; gen'erous, of noble birth or mind, (liberal): ge'nial, tending to propagation or B*Hydrogen, literally, a generator of water; chemically, a gas, combined with oxygen, producing water; then called inflammahle air, and forms the e:aslights. Nitrooaen, a generator of nitre in its gaseous state; and constitutes foourfifths of atmospheric air. It extinguishes flame and animal life. Oxygen, a generator of acids. It is essential to life and combustion, constituting. one-fifth of atmospheric air, and exists in most vegetable and animal products, acids. salts, and oxides. Oxygen and Nitrogen are gases transparent and colourless; end hence invisible, having neither taste nor smell. GEN 161 GEN cheerfulness, (natural); gen'uine, of one's own produce tion, (not spurious or vitiated, real.) aggenera'tion, n. generat'lion, n. ingen'der, v. conge'ner, n. gen'erative, a. ingen'derer, n. congen'eracy, n. gen'erator, n. ingen'erable, a. congen'erous, a. gen'erous, a. C ingen'erate, a. & vu congen'erousness, n. gen'erously, ad. ingen'erated, a. conge'nial, or gen'erouusness, n. _ *inlge'nious, a. coge'nial, a. generos'ity, n.s. inge'niously, ad. conge'nialness, n. ge'nial, a. tinge'niousness, n. congenial'ity, n. ge'nially, ad. - in'genite, a. congenqite, a. ge'nio, n.':Q,r *ingenltous, a. degen'erate, v. & a. ge'nius, n. ingen'uously, ad. degen'erately, ad. gen'itals, n. ingeni'uousness, n. degen'erateness, n. gen'itive, a. ingenu'ity, n. degenera'tion, n. gen'itor, n. omnig'enous, a. degen'eracy, n. gen'iture, n.. primoge'nial, a. degen'erous, a. g genteel,', a. primogen'iture, n. degen'erously, d. genteel'ly, a'd progenera'tion, n. disingen'uous, a./ genteel'ness, n. 4.prog'eny, n. disingen'uously, ad. gen'tile, n. & a.' progenitor, n. disingen'uousness,n. -tgen'tilish, a.. regen'erate, v. & a. disingenulit-y, n. gen'tilism, n. e regen' erateness, n. engen'der, v. gentil'ity, n. fregenera'tion, n. gen'der, n. & v. -gentiliti'ous, a. -4 ungen'erated, a. gen'eral, a. & n. u gen'tilize, v. ungen'ertive, a. gen'erally, ad. gen'tle, a.; ungen'erouls,; a. gen'eralness, n. gen'tly, ad. unge'nial, a. gen'eralship, n. gen'tleness, n. ungenteel', a. general-ity, n. genqtleship, n.-'1 ungen'tle, a. gen'eralty, n. i gen'tleman, n. ungen'tly, ad. gen'eralize, v. gen'tlewoman, n. ungen'tleness, -z. gen'eralization, n. gen'tlemanlike, a. ungen'tlemanlike, q. gen'eralissimo, n. gen'tlemanly, a. ungen'tlemanly, a. gener'ic, a. gen'tlemranliness, n. unigen'iture, n. gener'ical, a.. gen'try, n. uninge'nious, a. gener'ically, ad. gen'uine, a. uningen'uous, a. gen/erable, a. gen'uinely, ad. unregen'eracy, n. gen'erant, a. kt-CU.v. gen'uineness, n. unregenterate, a. gen'erate, v. - ge'nus, n. * Inoeniouis'and ingenuous, literally, being in-born; the former respects tl;e genius or mental powers which are in-born, the latter respects the nobleness of cl zracter which is in-born.' t Regeneration, the act of begetting again'; new birth; birth by grace from carnal to holy affections. "Not by works of righteousness which we have done, but according to his mercy he saved us, by the washing of regeneaatfm and renewing of the Holy Ghost."-Titus iii. 5. GER 162 GIG GERMEN, in-is, n. 3. a sprout or shoot, a branch: as, get'minate, to sprout, to bud. eger'minate, v. ger'minant, a. germina'tion, n. ger'man, n. & a. ger'minate, v. regermina'tion, n. germ, n. GER-O, gestum, v. 3. to bear or carry, to bring: as, bellig'erent, carrying on war; vicege'rent, one whvo carries on or rules.for another, (a lieutenant); suggest', to bring under, (to hint, to intimate); ingest', to throw into the stomach.. alig'erous, a. diges'tible, a.: jes'ter, n. astrig'erous, a. diges'tion, n.. indigest', or bellig'erate, v. diges'tive, a. & n.. indiges'ted, a. bellig'erent, n. ~ egest', v. indiges'tible, a. bellig'erous, a. eges'tion, n.;:i indiges'tion, n. conge'ries, n. ge'rent, a. ingest', v. congest', v. ger'und, n..??finges'tion, n. congest'ible, a. e lest.gM. < -iA anig'erotus, a. conges'tion, n. ges'tic, a. ri morigera'tion, n. cornig'erous, a. gesta'tion, n. i morigterous, a. crinig'erous, a. ges'tatory, a. prediges'tion, n. crucig'erous, a. gestic'ulate, v. suggest', v. dig'erent, a. gesticula'tion, n. sugges'ter, n. *digest', v. gestic'ulator, n. sugges'tion, n. *di'gest, n. gestic'ulatory, a. undiges'ted, a. diges'tedly, ad. ges'ture, n. vicege'rent, n. & a. diges'ter, n. jest, n. & v. vicege'rency, n. GER-Ow.(yEfeov), old man —tgeroc'omy, n. gerocom'ical, a anIBB-US nM. 2. a swelling, a hunch on the back. gib'bou, a. a. ~ gib'bousness, n. gibbos'ity, n. G'IGAS, ant-is, m. 3. a giant: as, gigan'tic, like a giant. gi'ant, n. ~ A4~' gi'antship, n. gigan'tical, a. gi'antess, n. 0 _-gi'antry, n. R gigante'an, a. gi'antlike, a. gigan'tic, a. gigan'tine, a. gi'antly, a. * Digest', v. literally, to carry asunder, to distribute, or to bring w7at is asunder tnd set it in order; to range methodically; to concoct in the slomach, so as that the variols particle.s of food may be applied to their proper use; to apply knowledge by meditation to its proper use. Di'gest, n. the pandect or volume of civil law, containing the opinions of the ancient lawyers. "t,' Gerocomy (firom yEpOv, an old man, and conzeo, KOtatE, to take care of), is that part of medicine which treats of the proper regimen to be observed inl old a7gr "-Johnson's Dict. by Todd. GIN 163 GLO Gl NGIV-, f. 1. the gum of the teeth —gingival, a. GLACI-Es, f. 5. (a gelu), ice: as, gla,'cial, of ice, icy. congla'ciate, v. fT gla'cial, a. t glaciation, n. conglacia'tion, n. -t gla'ciate, v. t, gla'cious, a. GLADI- US, M. 2. (& clades, J: 3. slaughter), a sordl: as, gladza'tor, a sword-player, a prize-fighter. digla'diate, v. t gla'diature, n. KJ gla'diatory, a. digladia'tion, n. gladia'tor, n. gladiato'rial, a. GLANS, gland-is,.f 3.caXcavog), an acorn; a gland: as, glan'dular, pertaining to the glands. gland, n. glandif'erous, a.x\-o glan'dular, a. *glan'ders, n. glan'diform, a. glan'dulous, amy glan'dered, a. glan'dule, n. S andulos'ity, n. CGLEB —, f. 1. a clod, a turf. glebe, n. t.,g le'bous, a. gle'by, a. GLOB-US, m. 2. a globe, a roun'1 body, a ball: as, conglob'ulate,t to gather together into a little round mass. -conglobe', v. ei,("globe, n. glob'ule, n. conglo'bate, v. &Va.YY glo'bated, a. glob'ular, a. conglo'bately, ad. glo'bous, a. glob'ulous, a.' congloba'tion, n. j, globpse', a. ktX-. tglo'by, a. fconglo'bulate, v i globos'ity, n. GLOM-vs, er-is, n. 4. a clue or ball: as, conglom'erate. to gather into a ball, (like a ball of thread.) agglom'erate, v. -conglom'erate, v. &g Met agglomera'tion, n. conglomera'tion, n. -zglom'erous, a. GLORI-S, f. 1. glory, honour, renown: as, glo'rzfy, to procure or pay honour or praise. disglo'rify, v. glo'riousness, n. inglo'ious, a. _glo'ry, n. glo'rify, v. inglo'riously, ad. glo'rious, a. glorifica'tion, n. inglo'riousness, n. glo'riously, ad. t _ gloria'tion, n. unglo'rified, a. * Glanders, a disease incident to horse, a running of cbrrupt matter from tho nose, being white, yellow, green, or black, according to its malignity. t" Swallows certainly sleep all the winter, as a number of them conglobulate together, by flying round and round, and then all in a heap throw themselves tunder water, and lie in the bed of a river." —Johnson, in Boswell's Lzje of Johnson. That swallows lie all winter in the bed of a river, is very doubtful if not untrue. The common belief is, that they migrate, like other birds ol passage, to a warmer climate, as Africa, &c. 16 GLO 164 GNO GLOSS-A (Tx'?w'a), the tongue, language: as, glos'sary, a d\ctionary of obscure or antiquated words. *epiglot't s, n. glos'sarist, n. - glossog'raphy, n.' gloss, n & v. glos'sy, a. glossog'rapher, n. glos'ser, n. glos'siness, n. glot'tis, n. glos'sary, n. -glos'sist, n. pol'yglot, a. & n. glossa rial, a.,LUZEN, ~n-is, n. 3. a viscous body, tglue: as, conglu'tinate, to glue together, (to cement.) aggluqtinate, v. tglue, or glu'ish, or agglutina'tion, n. glew, n. & v. glew'ish, a. agglu'tinant, a. glu'er, or glu'tinate, v. agglu'tinants, n. glew'er, n. glu'tinous, a. ag l utintative, a. glue'-boiler, n. glu'tinousness, n. conglu'tinate,.? & a. glu'ey, or glutinos'ity, n. conglutina'tion, n. glew'y, a. glutina'tion, n. conglu'tinative, a. glu'eyness, or glu'tinative, a. conglutina'tor, n. glew'iness, n. unglue', v. GLUT-IO, glutitum, v. 4. to swallow: as, glut'tonous, given to excessive eating; Iglut'ton, one who eats to excess. deglutiti'on, n. tglut'ton, n. glut'tonously, ad. glut, v. & n. glut'tonous, a. glut'tony, n. GLYPHO (yXupuW), to carve or engrave: as, hieroglyph'ic, an emblem, or the art of writing in picture; an'aglyph, an ornament by sculpture; glyptog'raphy, a description of the art of engraving on gems. an'aglyph, n. glyp'tic, a. C~<~ hieroglyphic, n. & a. )anarglyph'ic, a. glyptog'raphy, n. hieroglyph'ical, a. glyph,rn..i.L~: glyptograph'ic, a. hieroglyph'ically, ad. glyph'ic, n. hi'eroglyph, n. GNOMON (7vwoowv from 7vow0, YivxoGw, to know), a thing that serves to make known, or i;tdicates: as, gnomol'ogy, a collection of maxims and reflections; gno'mon, the hand or pin of a dial; prog;tos'ticate, to foretell, to foreshow. gnome, n. g'som'ical, a. gnomol'ogy, n.!* Epiglottis, "the thin moveable cartilage, in the form of a little tongue, which covers the aperture of the wind-pipe."-Ash. t Glue, -" a viscous body commonly made by boiling the skins of animals to a jcll; any viscous or tenacious matter, by which bodies are held one to another; cement."-Johnson. t Glutton, a cunning voracious anima l larger than a badger, which inhabits EIlrope, Asia, and America, and preys ion the carcases o' hares, mice, &c. hence any one who eats much is called a glutton. GNO 165 GOR gnomolog'ic, a. nGnos'tic, a. & n roos a. & gnomolog'ical, a. [gnos'ticism, n. < prognos'ticable, a. gno'mon, n. I pathognomon'ic, a. -. prognos'ticate, v. gnomonlics, n.,r/ physiog'nomy, n., —tf prognostica!tion, n. gnomon'ic, a.- physiog'nomer, nL prognos'ticator, n. gnomon'ical, a.. physiog'nomist, n. N:..s fRO-rUGNA-us, a. knowing. ig norant, a. ig'norance, a. lgnoramnus, n. ig'norantly, ad. GNOST-OS (yvwc6og), known, made known. (See Gnomon.) GONIA (ywvir), an angle or corner: as, diag'5nal, through the angles or corners; oc'tagon, a figure of eight angles; trigonom'etry, the art of measuring triangles, or figures of three angles. diag'onal, n. & a. hexag'onal, a. pol'ygon, n. diag'onally, ad. non'agon, n. polyg'onal, a. dec'agon, n. nonag'onal, a. tet'ragon, n. dodec'agon, n. oc'tagon, n. tetrag'onal a. endec'agon, n. octag'onal, a. tri'gon, n. goniom'eter, n. or'thogon, n. trig'onal, a. goniomet'rical, a. orthog'onal, a. trigonom'etry, n. hep'tagon, n. ox'ygon, n. trigonomet'rical, a. heptag'onal, a. pen'tagon, n. undec'agon, n. hex'agon, n. pentag'onal, a. GON-os (yovog, a Ysvw, to beget), progeny. (See Genea.) GORDI-US,t m. 2. a Phrygian king-gor'dian, a. GoRGON,~ (?ogywv), a monster with snaky hairs, of which fhe sight turned beholders to stone; Jledusa; a terrlifc object. {gor'gon, n. ~ 6,L1.; gorgo'nian, a. Gn.ostics, those "who, as the fathers tell us, sprang from Simon Magus ar.d pretended to extraordinary knowledge and illumination; whence they had'he name of Gnostics."-Tillotson's Serm. t Phqsiognomy, the art of discovering the temper, and foreknowing the fortune bv the featzres of the face; the face, the cast of the look. TA Phrygian hiusbandman, made iking by the oracle of Apollo; who is said to have then tied up his utensils of husbandry in the temple, ald in a knot so intricate, that no one could find oult where it began or ended. It was pretelnd ed, that whoever should loose this knot, should be king of all Asia. Alexan der the Great, without staying to untie it, cut it with his sword. Hence he Gordian knot, came to express any thing ditffcult or intricate. Gorzgones, three celebrated sisters, daughters of' Phorcys and Ceto, whose names-were Stkeno, Eutryale, and Medusa, all inp rt al except 2lledusa GOT 166 GRA GOTTII —, m. 2. a celebrated nation of ancient Germany, who were savage warriors. goth'ic, n. & a. goth'icize, v. goth'icism, n. goth'ical, a. GOURMAND, m. (Fr.) a glutton, a greedy eater. gor'mand, or gor'mandize, or gor'mander, n. gour'mand, n. gour'mandize, v. & n. gor'mandizer, n. GRACIL-IS, a. lean, slender, small. grac'ile, a. 4 grac'ilent, a. + gracil'ity, n. GRADI-OR, gressus, dep. 3. (a gradus, m. 4. a step), to go step by Step: as, degrade', to go or bring a step down, (to place lower); aggress', to go to, (to assault or begin,the quarrel); graduate, to go step by step, or mark with degrees, (to dignify with, or take an academical degree); transgress',-to pass over or beyond, (to violate or break); progres'sive, going forward. aggress', v. & n.r e'gress, n. progressi'on, n. aggressi'on, n. gressi'on, n. progressi'onal, a. aggres'sive, a. grade, n. progres'sive, a. aggres'sor, n. grada'tion, n. progres'sively, aR. al'tigrade, a. grad'atory, n. & a. progres'siveness, n,. cong'ress, n. gra'dient, a.. re'gress, n. congres'slve, a. grad'ual, a. n.;regressi'on, n. degrade', v. gradually, ad. ret'rograde, a. & v degrade'mrrent, n. grad'uate, v. & n. retrograda'tion, n. degrada'tion, n. grad'uateship, n. retrogressi'on, n. degrad'ingly, ad. gradua'tion, n. subingressl'on, n., degree', n. T(- ingre'dient, n. transgress', v.'digress', v. in'gress, n. transgressi'on, n. digressi'on, n.. ingressi'on, n. transgres'sor, n. digressi'onal, a. introgressi'on, n. transgres'sive, a. digres'sive, a. prog'ress, n. undergrad'uate, n. digressively, ad. GaRCI —., f. l. (ygatxoc), Greece, a celebrated peninsular country on the south-east of Elurope. Greece, n. gre'ciqe, v. >'. - t greek'ish, a. Gre'cian, n. & a. gre'cfsm, n. greek'lilg, n. gre'cianize, v. Greek, n. & a. GRAMEN, ~n-is, n. 3 grass: as, gramin'eous, grassy gramin'enus, a. graminiv'orous, a. GRA 167 GRA GRAMM-.q (ygajocW, a" yqPw, to write), a writing, a letter literature. (See Grapho.) GRAND-IS, a. great, lofty: as, ag'grandize, to make great; grand, great, splendid; grandil'oquous, using lofty word-s. ag'grandize, v. grand'mother, n. grandee'ship, n. ag'grandizer, n. grand'son, n. gran'deur, n. ag'grandizement, n. grand'daughter, n. _ grandev'ity, n. - aggrandiza'tion, n. grand'child, n. grande'vous, a. / grand, a. e[ A grand'sire, n. grandif'ic, a. / grand'ly, id\y. gran'dam, n.FtA grandil'oquence, n. grandnesse', n. ](j grandil'oquous, a. grand'father, n. - GRANDO, n-is, f. 3. hailagran'dinous,. GRAN-uM, n. 2. a grain of corn: as, gran'ary, a place or store-house for threshed corn or grain; graniv'orous, eating grain; gran'ulous, full of little grains. grain, n. A) granit'ical, a ranula'tion, n. grain'ing, n. graniv'orous, a.,4 grenade', n. grai'ny, a. gran'ule, n. grenadier', n. gran'ary, n. gran'ulous, a.,. - ingrained', a. gran'ate, or gran'ulary, a. potnegran'ate, n.:*gran'ite, n., gran'ulate, v. a GRAPHr-O (Ygacpq), to trace lines, to write, to describe. as, anemog'raphy, a description of the wind; au'tograph, the hand-writing of any one, (the original, —the opposite of ap'ograph, a copy); bibliog'raphy, the description of books or literary history; brachyg'raphy, shorthand uwriting; hi'erogram or hierog'raphy, holy writing; hydrog'raphy, the description of water; lithog'. raphy, writing upon stone; orthog'raphy, correct writing of words; polyg'raphy, writing in many unusual ways; graph'ic, well described or delineated, or relating to engraving. 3:, 9 aerog'rlphy, n. adenog'raphy, n. -V ~ agram'matist, n. * Granite, a kind of fine spotted stone or marble; -so called, because conslsting as it were of grains, or small distinct particles.'.&t4-/v "- I, % -p ~ t Granulation, pouring melted metals into cold water, that teyi/may divitlf themselves into grains. t" Grenade, a little hollow globe or ball of iron, or other metal, about two inches and a half in diameter, which being filled with fine powder, is set or fire by means of' a small fisee fastened to the touch-hole; as soon as it is kindled, the case flies into manV shatters, much to the damage of all that stanll near."-iar -is. l6a' GRAI 168 GRA'*an'agram, n. chalcog'rapher, n tfep'igraph, n. anagram'matist, n. chir'ograph, n.! ethnog'raphy, n. aanagram'matism, n. - tchirog'raphy, n. ethnograph'ic, a. anagrammat'ical, a. chirog'rapher, n. geog'raphy, n. anagrammat'ically, a. chorog'raphy, n. geog'rapher, n. anagram'matize, v. chorog'rapher, n.\ geograph'ical, a. anemog'raphy, n.; 9 chorograph'ical, a. geograph'ically, ad. -angiog'raphy, n. chorograph'ically, a. glossog'raphy, n. ap'ograph, n. *- {christianog'raphy, n. glossog'rapher, n. apog'raphal, a. Ilchromatog'raphy, n. glyptog'raphy, n. astrog'raphy, n. - chron'ogram, n. [a. glyptograph'ic, a. autobiog'raphy, T." chronogrammat'ical,igram'mar, n. autograph, nv. k. chronogram'matist, a. gram'mar-school, n. autog'raphy, n. chronog raphy, n. >Y gramma'rian, n. -autog'raphal, a. chronog'rapher, n. grammat'ic, a. autograph'ical, a.\ cometog'raphy, n. grammat'ical, a. bibliog'raphy, n. ~ cosmog'raphy, n. grammatically, ad. bibliog'rapher, n. cosmog'rapher, n. grammatica'tion, n. bibliograph'ic, a. cosmograph'ical, a. gram'matist, n. -,bibliofgraph'ical, a. o cryptog'raphy, n. t grammat'icise, v. biog'raphy, n. crystallog'raphy, n.- graph'ic, a. biog'rapher, n. **di'agram, n. graph'ical, a. biograph'ical, a. **diagraph'ical, a. graph'ically, ad. brachyg'raphy, n. engrave', v. {Tgraphom'eter, n. brachyg'rapher, n. engra'ver, n. grave, v. cacog'raphy, n. ftep'igram, n. hagiog'rapha, n. cLagraph y, n. epigrammactic, a. hagiog'raphy, n. ca lgraph'ic, a. epigrammat'ical, a. hagiog'raphal, a. chalcog'raphy, n. epigram'matist, n. hagiog'rapher, n. * Anagram, anagrammatism, or metagrammatism, is a dissolution of a name into its letters, as its elements, and a new connexion of it by artificial transposition, without addition, subtraction, or change of any letter into different wolds, making some perfect sense applicable to the person named."-Camden. t Angiography, a description of vessels in the human body; viz. nerves, veins, arteries, and lq4nphatics. t Chirography, literally, hand-writing, the art of writing. Chirograph, for merly, a deed, requiring a counterpart, engrossed twice upon the same piece of parchment, cut through the middle; the same as charter-party: also, a fine. Chirographer, a writer, and by way of distinction, the officer in the common pleas who engrosses fines. O Christianography, a description of the nations professing Christianity. II Chromatography, is a description of colours- from Chroma, -atos, (Xpwpa, arosje colour: as, chromatic, relating to colour. 4, Chronogram, an inscription, including the date of any action. **Diagram, a delineation of geometrical figures; a scheme drawn by way of illustrating any thing; a mathematical scheme. Diagraphical, descriptive. tf Epigram, originally, an inscription, now a short poem, terminating in a point. pigraph, a title or in.scription. tt Grammar, the art of speaking and writing truly or correctly, according to the rules established by custom and the authority of good w.,ters. h% Graphomete? a.;lrveying instrument. GRA 169 GRA hi'erogram, n. - microg'raphy, n. pseudog'raphy, n. hierogrammat'ic, a. - mimo raphy, n. scenog'raphy, n. hierogram'matist, n. mimog' apher, n. scenograph'ical, a. hierog'raphy, n. mon'ogrm, n. scenograph'ically, ad. hierograph'ic, a. monog'ra mal, a. selenog'raphy, n. hierograph'ical, a. > myog'rapy, n. steganog'raphy, s.. historiog'raphy, n.) -,.omog'rapy, n. steganog'rapher, n1. historiog'rapher, n. orthog'raph n. stenog'raphy, n. -horog'saphy, n. orthog'rapher, n. stenog'rapher, n. horologiog'raphy, n. orthograph'ical, a. stereog'raphy, n. horologiograph'ic, a. orthograph'ically,ad. stereog'rapher, n. hydrog'raphy, n. ouranog'raphy, n. ttel'egraph, n. hydrog'rapher, n. pan'tograph, n. topog'raphy, A. ichnog'raphy, n. *par'agraph, n. topog'rapher, n. ichnograph'ical, a. paragraph'ical, a. topograph'ical, a. iconog'raphy, n.tu parallel'ogram, n. typog'raphy, n. lexicog'raphy, n..p parallelogram'ical,n. typog'rapher, n. lexicog'rapher, n. phytog'raphy, n. typograph'ical, a. lithog'raphy, n. pol'ygram, n. typograph'ically, ad. lithog'rapher, n. polyg'raphy, n. xylog'raphy, n. lithographic, a. psalmog'raphy, n. zoog'raphy, n. metagram'matism, n. psalmog'raphist, n. zoog'rapher, n. metallog'raphy, n. GRATI-A, t: 1. (a gratus, a: grateful), favour,. gratitude, thankfulness: as, gra'cious, full of favouir, (kind, becozming); grat'ify, to make grateful, (to indulge, to please); gra'tis, freely, (for nothing.) agree', v. disagree'able, a. Gra'ces, n. agreed', a. disagree'ably, ad. gra'ciotis, a. agree'able, a. disgrace', n. & v. gra'ious'v ad. agree'ably, ad. disgra'cer, n. gra'ciousness, n. agree'ableness, n. disgrace'ful, a. grate'ful, a. agreeabil'ity, n. disgrace'fully, ad. grate'fully, ad. agree'ment, n. disgrace'fulness, n. grate'fulness, n. agree'ingly, ad. disgra'cious, a. grat'ify, v. agree'ingness, n. grace, n. & v. grat'ifier, n. congrat'ulate, v. graced', a. gratifica'tion, n.' congratula'tion, n. grace'ful, a. gra'tis, ad. congratula'tor, n. grace'fillly, ad. grat'itude, n. congrat'ulatory, a. grace'fulness, n. gratu'itous, a. congrat'ulant, a. grace'less, a. gratu'itously, ad disagree', v. grace'lessly, ad. gratu'ity, n. disagree'ment, n. grace'lessness, n. greet, v. Paragrmah, something written beside; a distinct part of a discourse. t " Telegraph, an instrument that answers the end of writing by conveylng intelligence to a distance, through the means of sig?nals."-Mason.' GRA 170 GRE gree'ter, n. ingrate'fulness, n. ungrace'fulness, n greetfing, n. ingrat'itude, n. ungra'cious, ai ingrate, a. ingra'tiate, v. ungrate'ful, a. ingrate'ly, ad. ingra'tiating, a. ungrate'fully, ad. ingrate'fil, a. ungraceful, a. ungratefulness, n. ing? ate'fully, ad. ungrace'fully, ad. ungrat'ified, a. GRAVIS, a. heavy, weighty: as, aggravate, to make heavy, (to make any thing worse); gravitate, to tend to the centre of attraction. ag'gravable, a. grav'idated, a. grieve, v. ag'gravate, v. gravida'tion, n. griev'er, n. aggrava'tion, n. gravid'ity, n. grieve'able, a. aggrieve', v. *gravim'eter, n. grie'vance, n. aggrie'vance, n. grav'itate, v. grie'vingly, ad. grave, a. tgravita'tion, n. grie'vous, a. grave'ly, ad. tgrav'ity, n. grie'vously, ad. grave'ness, n. grief, n. grie'vousness, n. grav'id, a. grief'less, a. ingrav'idate, v. GREMI-rU4, n. 2. the lap, the bosom-gre'mial, a. GRE.x,. greg-is, m. 3. a flock, a herd: as, grega'rious, going in flocks or herds; cong'regate, to flock together, (to assemble); egre'gous, out of, or selected fiom the flock, (eminent). ag'gregate, a. n. & v. congrega'tion, n. grega'rian, a. ag'gregately, ad. con, grefga'tional, a. grega'rious, a. aggrega'tion, n. egre'gious, a.: grega'riously, ad. ag'gregative, a. egregiously, ad. grega'riousness,, n. ag'gregator, n. egregiousness, n. seg'regate, v. & a. cong'regate, v. & a. gre'gal, a. segrega'tion, n. * ('ravimeter, an inst-ument for measuring the specific gravities of I odies. t Gravitation, the act of tending to the centre; the pressure that a body, by the force of its gravity, exerts on another body under it. It is that species of at.traction which operates among bodies though placed at a remote distance, with a force proportion d to tihe quantity of matter contained in these bodies; such as the falling of a stone to the ground. It is different from Cohedsin.-a species of attraction which operates among the small particles of the same bodies when brought into close proximity to each other, causing them to unite, and when united, retaining them in that state. The particles of a slate are kept together by means of this property. And it is different from Chemical attraction, which is that force by which the particles of di~ftrent bodies are intimately united, soas to form a new substance. t " Gravity, that quality by which all heavy bodies tend towards the centre, accelerating their motion the- nearer they approach towards it, true philosophy has shown to be unsolvable by any hypothesis, and resolved- it into the im mediate will of the Creator."-Quincy. GRI 171 GUS GRIPH-OS (ygpqoS, a ngoroS, a net), a riddle — Iog'ogriphe. GRUS, gru-is, m. or f. 3. a crane, a bird: as, congru'ity, a coming or agreeing together, as cranes or birds do in a flock. cong'ruence, n. cong'ruous, a. incong'ruence, n. cong'ruency, n. cong'ruously, ad. incong'ruent, a. cong'ruent, a. discongru.'ity, n. incong'ruous, a. congruity, n. incongru'ity, n. incong'ruously, ad. GUARANT-IR for GARANT-IR, V. (Fr.) to guard, to secure, to undertake to secure the performance of a treaty or stipulation: as, guarantee', to answer for performance; war'rant, to support, authorise, justify, or secure. guarantee', or unwar'rantableness, n. war'rantably, ad. guaranty', n. & v. unwdr'ranted, a., war'rantableness, n. unguaranteed', a. war'rant, v. & n. war'ranter, n. unwar'rantable, a. war'rantable, a. war'ranty, n. unwar'rantably, ad. GUARD-ER for GARD-ER, v. (Fr.) to keep, to watch, to pro. tect, defend: as, guar'dian, one who has the care of an orphan, or of any thing; war'den, a keeper, a head officer. guard, n. & v. guar'dianess, n. unguar'dingly, ad. guar'dable, n. guar'dianship, n. ward, v. & n. gua'rdedly, ad. guard'ful, a. war'den, n. guard'edness, n. guard'less, a. ward'er, n. guar'der, n. guard'ship, n. ward'ship, n. guar dian, n. & a. unguard'ed, a. ward'robe, n. GUBERN-O, v. 1. to govern, rule, or manaf o: as, gov'ernor, one who rules or manages. gov'ern, v. gov'ernment, n. misgov'ernment, n. gov'ernor, n. guber'nate, v. ungov'ernable, a. gov'erness, n. guberna'tion, n. ungov'ernably,: ad gov'ernable, a. guber'native, a. ungov'erned, a. gov'ernance, n. GURGaES, it-is, m. 3. a whirlpool, a gulf. gurge, n. ingur'gitate, v. ingurgita'tion, n. GusT-US, m. 4. a sense of tasting, a taste, a relish: as, * Logogriphe, an enigma, a riddle, or captious question, proposed to students at entertainments, for solution, in order to exercise and improve the mind; those who l4iled in giving an explanation, were subjected to a fine. GUT 172 HAB gusta'tion, the act of tasting; gus'to, the relish of any thing. degust', v. gust, n. gust'less, a. degusta'tion, n. gus'table, a. & n. gus'to, n. disgust', n. & v. gusta'tion, n. ingus'table, a. disgust'ingly, ad. gust'ful, a. pregusta'tion, n. disgust'ful, a. gust'fulness, n. T-UTT —, f 1. a drop-gut'tated, a. gut'tulous, a.'JUTTUR, n. 3. the throat. gut'ter, n. & v. gut'tural, a. gut'turalness, n. GYM.N-os (7Tupo), naked: as, gymnas'tic,* pertaining to athletic exercises. gym'nic, a. & n. gymna'sium, n. gymnas'tically, ad. gymnosper'mous, a. gymnas'tic,* a. & n. gymnos'ophist,f n. GYN-E, gynaec-os (yuvj, yuvarxos), a woman: as, gynae'cian, relating to women; gynaeoc'racy, or gy'narchy, female power, (petticoat government.) tandrog'ynus, n. gy'narchy, n. gynecoc'racy, n. androg'ynal, a. gynae'cian, a. misog'yny, n. androg'ynally, ad. gynceoc'racy, or misog'ynist, n. GYR-US, m. 2. (yugos), a circle, moving in a circle: as, circum'gyrate, to roll round as in a circle. circum'gyrate, v. circumgyre', v. gyra'tion, n. circumgyra'tion, n. gyre, n. & v. gy'romancy, n. H. HAB-EO, habitum, v. 2. to have, to hold: as, cohab'it, to dtcell or live together (as husband and wife); exhib'it, * Gymnastics, " contests of agility and strength, of which there were five kinds; 1. running (cursiis); 2. leaping (saltus); 3. boxing (peugillatus); 4. wrest. ing (lucta); and'tlirowing the dart or quoit (discijactus!; hence called certamen at/hleticum, or gymnicum, because they contended naked (yvlvot), with nothing on but trousers or drawers (subligaribus tIntum. velati), whence Gymnasium, a place of exercise or a school."-Adam's Rcm. Antzq. t Gymnosophists, a sect of Indian philosophers; a name said to be given by the Greeks to the Brahmins. But there were African as well as Asiatic gymsiosophists. They were so called, because these philosophers went nearly naked the word is also used for any philosopher. - Androzynus, a man-woman, an hermaphrodite, or one who is both mnale andi female, or who is castrated and effeminate. HAB 173 HAE to hold out; inhab'itable, that nmay be dwelt in; prohib'it, to hold forward, (to forbid, to hinder or debar.) a'ble, a. exhiibiti'on. n. inhab'ile, a. a'bleness, n. exhibiti'oner, n. inhabil'ity, 7n. abil'ity, n. exhib'itiVe, a. inhab'it, v. able-bod'ied, a. exhib'itory, a. inhabitable, a, cohab'it, v. habil'iment, n. inhab'itance, n. cohab'itant, n. habil'itate, v. inhab'itant, n. cohabita'tion, n. habilita'tion, n. inhab'iter, n. cohib'it, v. habil'ity, n. inhab'itor, n. deb'ile, a. hab'it, n. & v. inhab'itress, n. debt, n. habited', a. inhabita'tion, n. debt'or, n. hab'itable, a. inhib'it, v. disa'ble, v. hab'itableness, n. inhibiti'on, n. disa'blement, n. hab'itance, n. prohib'it, v. disabil'ity, n. hab'itant, n. prohib'iter, n. dishabil'itate, v. habita'tion, n. prohibiti'on, n. dishab'it, or hab'itator, n. prohib'itory, a. disinhab'it, v. hab'itude, n. uninhab'itable, a. disinhab'ited, a. habit'uate, v. & a. uninhab'itableness,A dishabille', a. & n. habit'ual, a. uninhab'ited, a. ena'ble, v. habit'uallv, ad. una'ble, a. exhib'it, v. & n. ina'ble, n. una'bleness, n. exhib'itor, n. inabil'ity, n. unabil'ity, n. HABIT-O, v. 1. (& habeo), to have often, to dwell in, to znhabit. (See Habeo.) EIHERE-O, haesum, v. 2. to stick: as, adhere', to stick to; cohe'sion, a sticking together; inhe'rent, sticking in. adhere', v. cohe'rent, a. incohe'rency, n. adhe'rer, n. *cohe'sion, n. incohe'rent, a. adhe'rence, n. cohe'sive, a. incohe'rently, ad. adhe'rency, n. cohe'siveness, n. inhere', v. adhe'rent, a. & n. hes'itant, a. inhe'rence, n. adhe'rently, ad. hes'itancy, n. inhe'rency, n. cohere', v. hes'itate, v. inhe'rent, a. cohe'rence, n. hesita'tion, n. inhe'rently, ad. cohe'rency, n. incohe'rence, n. inhe'sion, n. H[ER-ES or HERES, 6d-is, c. 3. an heir or heiress: as, hered'itary, relating to an heir, (coming by inheritance.) coheir', n. disher'ison, n. disinher'ison, n. cohei'ress, n. disheir', or cxher'edate, v. disher'it, v. disinher'it, v. exhereda'tion, n. * Cohesion, see foot-note under Gravitation, p. 170. IIAG 174 HAR exheredita'tion, n. her'itable, a. inher'it, v. heir, n. her'itage, n. inher'itable, a. heir'ess, n. hered'itable, a. inher'itance, n. heir'less, a. theredit'ament, n, inher'itor, n. heir'dom, n. hereditary, a. inher'itress, or *heir'loom, n. hered'itarily, ad. inher'itrix,_n. heir'ship, n. HIAGI-OS (taos), holy, sacred. Rhagiog'rapha, n. hagiog'raphal, a. hagiog'rapher, n. hagfiog'raphy, n. EIALCYON,II m. 3. (OAxvxwv, ab &X;, the sea, and xuw, to bring forth), a bird called the King-fisher. ilhal'cyon, n. & a. halcyo'nian, a. HALLELtUIA~[ (nT 7n, praise ye the Lord, Heb.) a song of thanksgiving — hallelu iah, n. halleluiat ic, a. HALLucIN-o, V. 1. to utter things at random, to err or mis. take, to blunder —hallu'cinate, v. hallucination, n. lIAL-o, v. 1. to breathe, to emit a smell: as, inhale', to breathe or draw in (with air); —opposed to exhale, or expire, to breathe or draw out. **anhela'tion, n. exhale'ment, n. halit'uous, a. anhelose', a. exha'lable, a. inexha'lable, a. exhale', v. exhala'tion, n. inhale', v. HARMONRI —d (5& m~ovlX), agreement, musical concord: as, harmon'ic, relating to music or musical concord. dishar'mony, n. disharmo'nious, a. har'mony, n. * Heirloom, household goods and furniture, which have for several descents belonged to a house, and necessarily come to the heir with the house. t Hereditament, a law term denoting inheritance, or hereditary estate. tWhen any Greek letter has the aspirate, or rough-breathing ('), it is represented by the letter h in English, as well as in Latin. The Greek words whose initial vowel is aspirated, are placed under the letter h. i Hagiographa, holy writings. The Jews divide the Holy Scriptures of the Old Testament into the Law, which comprehends the five books-of Moses; the Prophets; and Writings or Hagiographa, which comprehended the other books of the Old Testament. Hagiographer, a holy writer.-" They were ha.zographers, who are supposed to be left to the use of their own words." —Wkhitby. II Halcyon,'a bird, of which it is said that she breeds in'the sea,. or by the river-side, about the middle of winter, and that there is always a calm during her incubation; hence, halcyon came to signify placid, quiet, still, peaceful. It "To demonstrate that God is the proper object of praise, these wordsPraise ye the Lord, are so compounded together, as they make but one word in llebrewv-Hallelutiah."-Leigh's Critica Sacra. ** Anhelation, literally, the act of breathing round or about, or panting; the state of being out of breath. HAU 175 HET harmontic, a. har'monizer, n. harmo'niousness, n. harmon'ical, a. har'monist, n. inharmo'nious, a. harmon'ically, ad. harmo'nious, a. inharmon'ical, a. har'monize, v. harmo'niously, ad. unharmo'nious, a. I[AUST-UJw, SUp. (a haurio, v. 4. to draw), to draw: as, inexhaustible, that cannot be drawn out; (not to be spent.) exhaust', v. & a. exhausPless, a. inexhaus'libleness,a exhaus'ter, n. exhaus'tible, a. inexhaus'tive, a. exhaus'tion, n. inexhaus'ted, a. unexhaus'ted, a. exhaust'ment, n. inexhaus'tible, a. HIEBDOMAS, ad-is(8~oCuac, adog, ab Wooos, the seventh), pace of seven days, a week: as, hebdom'adal, weekly. heb'domad, n. hebdom'adary, a. hebdomat'ical, a. hebdom'adal, a. IIEBES, et-is, a. blunt, dull: as, heb'etate, to dull. heb'etate, v. hebeta'tion, n. hebetude, n. IIEBRE-uS, m. 2. ('Egcaios),* a Hebrew. he'braism, n, *He'brew, n. & a. hebrici'an, n. he'braist, n. He'brewess, n., HECATON (ixatov), a hundred-hec'atomb, n. HECTIC-os (~xsxog, ab EXw, to have,) habitual. (See Exis.) HEDER-S, f 1. ivy-hedera'ceous, a. HELI-OS (X1o0.C), the sun: as, he'lioscope, an instrument for viewing the sun; he'liotrope, a plant that follows the course of the sun, (the sun-flower.) faphe'lion, n. Beliop'olis, n. he'liotrope, n. heli'acal, a. heliom'eter, n. tparhe'lion, n. heliocen'tric, a. he'lioscope, n. - perihe'lion, n. * Hebrew, an Israelite, one of the children of Israel, a Jew. "Either, a family name, from Eber, who was the great grandson of Shem, and Abraham's great, great, great, great grandfather; that is, he was a lineal descendant from Eber, in the seventh generation.-Abraham and-his posterity are called iebrews, because they spoke the same language, and professed and practised the same religion that Eber did. Or, it comes from the preposition;3-, gnebher, trans, beyond; from whence those that lived beyond, or to the east of;he river Euphrates, were called by the Canaanites and others who lived on the west. VD'21t, gnibrim, or Hebrews: and because Abraham came from beyond, or to the east of the river (Euphrates), hence his posterity acquired the appellation of t3'a1n gnibhrim, or Hebrews."-Jennings 7Jew. Antiq. f For aphelion and perihelion, see foot-note under apogeeon, p. 159. t Parhelion, a mock sun. HEL 176 HEP ff-ErLEN ('E XXv), a Greek: as, heli'enism, Greek idiom. hel'lenic, a. hel'lenize, v. hellenis'tical, a. hel'lenism, n. *helllenist, n. hellenis'tically, ad. [IELMINS, inth —os (6Xvrvg, MvO8O), a worm. anthelmin'thic, a. helmin'thic, a. helminthol'ogy, n. HEM-.s (tiadpa), blood: as, hem'orrhage, a flow of blood; /emopty'sis, a sgitting of blood. hemopto'sis, or hem'orrhagy, n. em'eroids, n. hemop'tysis, n. hem'orrhoids, or hemorrhoid'al, a. hem'orrhage, or HEMER —. (it*sga), a day: as, ephem'eral,, relating to a day, or lasting but a day. ephem'era, n. tephemer'ides, pl. ephem'eron-worm, a. ephem'eral, a. tephem'eris, n. ephem'erous, a. ephem'eric, a. ephem'erist, n. HEMIs-us (ptvUSg), haf: as, Them'isphere, h.alf a globe o0, sphere; hem'icycle, a half round. $hem'icrany, n. hem'isphere, n. hem'istic, or hem'icycle, n. hemispher'ic, a. hem'istich, n. Ilhem'iplegy; n. hemispher'ical, a. hemis'tichal, a. HEPAR, hepat-os ('ng, IrMTros), the liver. hepat'ic, a. hepat'ical, a.!IEPT-A (,rTa), seven: as, hep'tarchy, a sevenfold govern meht,-as England under the seven Saxon Chiefs. hep'tagon, n. heptagonal, a. heptacap'sular, a. *It may be proper to take notice of the distinction between the Hellenes, EXI2nvES5, and Hellenists,'EXXVLtraL. The former were Greeks by bzrth and nlation, and as. such distinguished from the Jews, Acts xvi. 1.; xix. 10.; Rom. i. 16.; ii. 9. The Hellenists,'EXXr/vLarat, or Grecians, being Jews by proselytism, who used the Greek tongue in their sacred exercises, the Hebrew Jews and Grecian Jews were distinguished in those days, not so much by the places of their birth, as by the language they used in their public prayers and services.See Jennings' Jew. Antiq. t Ephemerides, (the. plural of Ephemeris a journal, an account of the daily motions and situations of the planets,) astronomical tables, showing the present state of the heavens for every day. at noon. t Hiemi, is the abbreviated form of hemisys (l/tuavs), signifying, like deems (Fr.)., and semi (Lat.), h.alf.. f-emicrany. a pain that affects only one part of the head at a time.' Ilemiplegy (tblPve, half; and plesso, vXvrntrow, to strike or reize,) a palsy, or any nervous affection relating thereunto that seizes one side at a time; some partial disorder of the nervous system. HER 177 HER hep'tachord, n. hep tarchy, n. heptar'chist, n.'*heptan'dria, n. heptar'chic, a. hep'tateuch, n. H1ERB-q, Jf 1. an herb; grass: as, herba'ceous, relating to herbs; her'bage, herbs collectively. herb, n. her'barist, n. her'bist, n. herba'ceous, a. her'barize, a. herb'less, a. her'bage, n. her'bary, n. her'bous, a. her'baged, a. her'belet, n. herboriza'tion, n. her'bal, a. & -n. herbes'cent, a. her'bulent, a. her'balist, n. her'bid, a. her'by, a. FERCUL-ES,t m. 3. a hero of antiquity-hercu'lean, a. HEREMITE, m. (Fr. ab?-gos)), a solitary. (See Eremos.) * Heptandria (in Botany), one of the Linnean classes, including those plants which have seven stamens to the flower; those which have one stamen to the flower, are called monandria; two, diandria; _three, triandria; four, tetrandria, five, pentandria; six, hexandria; seven, heptandria; eight, octandria; nine enlneandria; ten, decandria; eleven, endecandria; twelve, dodecandria; many polyandria. t Hercules, a celebrated hero of antiquity, the son of Jupiter and Alcmena, who travelled as far as the Straits of Gibraltar, and is said to have erected two pillars, one at Cadiz in Spain, and the other opposite at Ceuta in Africa. Hercules, by the will of Jupiter, was subjected to the power of Eurystheus, king of Argos and Mycena, son of Sthenelus and Nicippe. He, apprehensive of Hercules' power and strength, commanded him to achieve a number of enter. prises, the most difficult and arduous ever known, generally called the twelve labours of Hercules. For undertaking these, he received a coat of arms and helmet fronm Minerva; a sword from Mercury; a horse from Neptune; a shield from Jupiter; a bow and arrows from Apollo; and from Vulcan, a goldvz cuirass and brazen buskin, with a celebrated club of brass. The first labour imposed by Eurystheus upon Hercules, being yet in the 16th year of his age, was, to kili the lion of Nemzaa, whicll ravaged the country near Mycenw. 2. To destroy the Lerncean Hydra, which had 7 heads according to Apollodorus, 50 according to Simonides, and 100 according to Diodorus. When one head was destroyed, two others immediately sprang up; but his friend Iolas, by his -com-. mand, burned the root of it with a hot iron, which succeeded, and he became victorious. 3. To bring alive and unhurt into the presence of Eurystheus a s!ag famous for its incredible swiftness, its golden horns, and brazen feet. 4. To bring alive a wild boar, which ravaged the neighbourhood of Erymanthus. In this expedition he destroyed the Centaur, and caught the boar, at whose sight Furystheus was so frightened, that he hid himself for some days in his brazeit vessel. 5. To clean the stables of Augeas, where 300.0 oxen Aad been confined for many years. 6. To kill the carnivorous birds which ravaged the country near the lake Stymphalis in Arcadia. 7. To bring alive into Pelononnesus a prodigious wild bull, which laid waste the island Crete. 8. To bring the mares of Diomedes, which fed upon human flesh. 9. To obtain the girdle of the queen of the Amazons. 10. To kill the monster Geryon, king of Gades or Cadiz, and bring to Argos his numerous flocks, which fed upon human flesh. 11 To obtain apples from the garden of the Hesperides. 12. The last and most dangerous of his labours, to brjng upon earth the three-headed dog Cerberus, which guarded the entrance of hell, to prevent the living from entering the irfernal regions, and the dead from escaping from their confinement. Ilis exploits are celebrated by the poets and historians of antiquity. —See Lemprzere's Classical Dictionary. HIER 178 HEX [IERES-IS (;xIgso, ab aigew, to take), the act of taking, an opinion. a dogma: as, her'etic, one tainted with heresy. arch-her'esy, n. her'esiarch, n. heret'ical, a. arch-her'etic, n. her'esiarchy, n. heret'ically, ad. *her'esy, n. her'etic, n. HERMES- (gps), MJercury, the interpreter and messenger of the Gods; the imagined inventor of chemistry. tjhermaph'rodite, n. hermaphrodit'ically, hermet'ic, a. hermaphrodit'ic, a. [ad. thermet'ical, a. hermaphrodit'ical, a. hermaphrode'ity, n. hermet'ically, ad. IIEROS (xwgw), a brave man, a hero: as, hero'ic, relating to a hero or brave man. he'ro, n. hero'icly, ad. heroicom'ic, a. her'oine, n. hero'ical, a. heroicom'ical, a. hero'ic, a. & n. hero'ically, ad, her'oism, n. [IETER-OS (Qrsgoc), other, another, dissimilar: as, heteroge'neous, other or dissimilar in nature; het'erarchy, the government of an alien. het'erarchy, n. het'erodoxy, n. heteroge'neous, a. bhet'eroclite, n. & a, heterodox'ical, a. heteroge'neousness,a. heteroclit'ical, a. het'erogene, a. Ilheteros'cii, or heteroc'litous, a. heteroge'neal, a. heteros'cians, n. het'erodox, a. & n. heterogene'ity, n. heteros'cian, a. HEX (), six: as, hexam'eter, a verse of six feet; hex'apod, an animal with six feet, hex'aped, six feet, or a fathom; hexas'tich, a poem of six lines. hex'achord, n. hexam'eter, n. & a. hex'aped, or ~Thexae'dron, n. hexamet'ric, a. hex'apod, n. hex'agon, n. hexamet'rical, a. hexas'tic, or hexag!ony,'n. hexan'dria, n. hexas'tich, n. hexag'onal, a. hexan'gular, a. hex'astyle, n. * Hleresy, literally, the act of taking; "an error in some fundamental doctrine of' the Christian faith, or a private opinion different from that of the catholic and orthodox church."-Crabbe's Diet. t Hermaphrodite, an animal uniting two sexes. t Hermetical, chemical. ~ Heteroclite, literally, a leaning, or inclining another way. Any thing or person deviating from the common rule.', Such nouns as vary from the common tirm of declension by any redundancy, defect, or otherwise, are called hetero. clites."-Clarke. II Heteroscii, or Hctferpscians, those whose shadows fall only one way, as the shadows of us who live between the tropics and polar circles; so called, he. cause those on the north have their shadows always in an opposite direction to those on the south, and vice versa. ~ Hexaedron, a cube, or solid with six faces or sides. HEX 179 HIS HEx-is (igi,, ab iXwo, to have), a state of the mind or body; a habit. (See Exis.) HIAT-US, m. 4. (a hio, v. 1. to gape, to open), a gaping. hia'tus, n. hia'tion, n. inhia'tion, n. H1BERNI-.a, f. 1. Ireland-hibe? nwan, n. & ai. hiber'nicism, n. HIBERN —US, a. (i hiems or hyems, -is, f.-3. winter), of winter —hiber'nal, a. HIER-OS (bfgog), sacred, holy: as, hi'erarchy, a sacred government, (ecclesiastic establishment); hi'eromandy, divination by sacrifices; hi'erology, a discourse on sacred things. hi'erarch, n. hieroglyph'ically, a. hierograph'ic, a. hi'erarchy, n. hi'erogram, n.. hierograph'ical, a. hierarch'al, a. hierogrammat'ic, a. hierol'ogy, n. hierar'chical, a. hierogram'matist, n. hi'eromancy, n. hi'eroglyph, n. hierog'rapha, n. fhi'erophant, n. hieroglyph'ic, n. & a. hierog'raphy, n. Hierop'olis, n. A.ieroglyph'ical, a. I.LAR-Is, a. cheerful, merry, gay: as, dxhil'arate, to make cheerful, (to enliven, to gladden.) exhil'arate, v. hilar'ity, n. hil'arate, v. exhilara'tion, n. Flip-os (ar0rog), a horse: as, hippopot'amus, the river horse (found in the Nile); hip'pogriff, a winged horse. thippocen'taur, n. hippopotamus, n. hip'pogriff, n. Archip'pus, n', hip'podrome, n. [ISTORI-.A, f. 1. (1d-ogfa, ab'iaTwg, one who knows), a narra. tion of facts and events, history: as, historiog'rapher, a writer of history. is'1tory, n. histo'rian, n. histo'ried, a. his.o'rial, a. histor'ify, v. histo'rier, n. -* ieroglyphics, certain characters, figures, or signs, made use of by the anclent Egyptians, instead of letters, to express the conception of men, particularly the mysteries of their religion: hence the term hieroglyph, a carving tr engraving of some, sacred thing. " A lamp among the Egyptians is the hi.ero glyphic of life."-Wilkins. In a general sense, a hieroglyphic is any symbol ol fig?re which may serve to represent an object: such are our astronomiol characters. t Hi rophant, one who teaches the rules of religion; a minister or priest. t fIiippocentalur, a fabillous monster, half-horse, and half-mani. M Hippodromne, a course for chariot and horse races, or exercises. 17:: HIS 180 HOM histor'ic, a. historiog'raphy, n. sto'ry, n. histor'ical, a. historiog'rapher, n. sto'ried, a. histor'ically, ad. lhistoriograph'ical, a. sto'ry-teller, n. historiol'ogy, n. his'tory-piece, n. HISTRIO, on-is, m. 3. (i hister, a Tuscan word), a stageplayer: as, histrion'ic, befitting the stage, (theatrwcal.) his'trion, n. histrion'ical, a. his'trionism, n. histrionic, a., histrion'ically, ad. HODIE, ado. (a hoc die), to-day —hodier'ral, a. HoL-OS (Xeog), the whole,'all: as, cathol'icon, a universal medicine; hol'ocaust, a sacrifice wholly burnt. *cath'olic, a. & n. cathol'ical, a. cathol'icon, n. cath'olicly, ad. cath'olicism, n. hol'ocaust, n. cathol'icness, n. cathol'icize, v. thol'ograph, n. HOMnIL-OS (0tX0og, ab to;o), an assembly; company: as, hom'ily, a discourse read to a congregation. hom'ily, n. hom'ilist, n. homilet'ical, a. HOMO, in-is, c. 3. a man: as, hu'man, belonging to man, human.'ity, mankind or kindness. hom'icide, n. hu'manate, a. hu'manist, n. homici'dal, a. humane', a. hu'manize, v. hu'man, a. humane'ly, ad. inhu'man, a. hu'mhanly, ad. humane'ness, n. inhu'manly, ad. hu'mankind, n. human'ity, n. inhuman'ity, n. Ho0I-os (o0og), united, like, equal, the same:. as, homol'ogous, having the same manner or proportions. homog'eny, n. homoge'neousness,a. homon'ymy, n. homoge'neal, a. homogene'ity, n. homon'ymous, a. homoge'nealness, n. homol'ogous, a -.. thomot'onous, a. homoge'neous, a. * Catholic,.literally, the whole from side to side, all, general. The church of Jesus Christ is called catholic, because it extends throughout the world, and is not limited by time, or to any sect of Christians. Some truths are said to be catholic, because they are received by all the faithful. Catholic is often set in opposition to heretic or sectary, and to schismatic. " Catholic, or canonical episte]s, are seven in number; that of St. James, two of St. Peter, three of St. John, and that of St. Jude. They are called catholic, because they are directed or addressed to all the faithful, and not to any particular church; and canonical, because they contain excellent rules of fhith and morality."-Calmet. Catholic, the noun, is usually applied to a papist; a Roman Catholz6. t Holograph, an instrument'written wholly by the person who signs it t Homotonous, literallv, having the like, equal, or same tone or strength; equable: said of such distempers as keep' a constant tenour of rise, state, and'declension — Quincy. HON 181 HOR HonoR, m. 3. respect, regard: as, dishon'our, to take-away or deprive'of honour, (to disgrace); hon'orary, done or made in honour, conferring honour without gain. dishon'est, a. hon'est, a. hon'ourable, a. dishon'estly, ad. hon'estly, ad. hon'ourably, ad. dishon'our, n. & v. hon'esty, n. hon'ourableness, n. dishon'ourer, n. hon'orary, a. hon'ourless, a. dishon'ourable, a. hon'our. n. & v. undishon'oured, a. dishon'ourably, ad. hon'ourer, n. unhon'oured, a. HIOR-A, f. 1. (-ga), an hour: as, ho'ral or ho'rary, relating to an hour; horog'raphy, an account of the hours; horom'etry, the art of measuring the hours. ho'ral, a. horologiograph'ic, a. hour, n. ho'rally, ad. hor'ologe, n. hour ly, a. & ad. ho'rary, a. horol'ogy, n. hour'-glass, n. horog'raphy, n. *hor'oscope, n. hour-hand', n. *horologiog'raphy, n. horom'etry, n. hour-plate', n. HoR-os (fogs), a boundary, a limit; a rule: as, hori'zon, the line that bounds or terminates the view, (or that seems to join the heaven with the earth.) faph'orism, n.'ph'orist, n. hori'zon, n. aph'orismer, n. idi'orism, n. horizon'tal, a. aphoris'tical, a. dioris'tically, ad. horizon'tally, ad. aphoris'tically, ad. HORRE-o, v. 2. to be, rough or dreadfu7,-as an animal with its-hair standing on end, or the like: as, hor'rible. that may be dreaded or detested. abhor', v. h.or'rent, a. hor'ridly, ad. abhor'rence, n. hor'rible, a. hor'ridness, n. abhor'rency, n. hor'ribly, ad. horrif'ic, a. abhvr'rent, a. -hor'ribleness, n. horris'onous, a. abhor'rer, n. hor'rid, a. hor'ror, n. HoRT-OR, hortatus, v. dep. 1. to exhort, to encourage: as, dehort', to dissuade; exhort', to incite by words to any good action; hor'tatory, encouraging,-used of pre. cepts not of persons. dehort', v; dehor'ter, n. dehorta'tion,.~. * Iiorologiography, a description of a horologe or an instrument that tells the hour, as a clock, watch, or hourglass: also, the art of constructing dials. Horo. scope, the configuration of the planets at the hour of birth. t Aphorism, literally, a separating by marking limits; a m.axim, a precepe limited or contracted in a short sentence. Diorism, distinction, or defnition, which in few words explains what:s spoken of: EHOR 182 HUM dehor'tatory, a. exhorta'tion, n, horta'tion, n. exhort', v. exhor'tative, a. hor'tative, a. & n. exhor'ter, n. exhor'tatory, a. hor'tatorym a. HORT- US or ORT-US, m. 2. a garden; an orchard: as, horten'sial, fit for a garden; hor'ticulture, the art of cultivating gardens; hor'tulan, belonging to a garden. horten'.sial, a. hor'tulan, a. hor'tus-siccus, n. hor'ticulture, n. hort'yard, or or'charding, n. horticul'tural, a. or'chard, n. or'chardist, n. hor'ticulturist, n. [IOSPES, ~t-ts, c. 3. one who entertains, or is entertained, a host or guest: as, hos'pital, a place built for the reception of the sick, or support of the poor; hospital'ity, the practice of entertaining strangers; inhospitable, affording no kindness nor entertainment to strangers. hos'pitable, a. host, n. & v. inhos'pitable, a. hos'pitably, ad-. host'ess, n. inhos'pitably, ad. hos'pitableness, n. *hotel', n. inhospitableness, n. hos'pital, n. hos'tler, or inhospitality, n. hospital'ity, n. os'tler, n. unhos'pitable, a. HosT-IS, c. 3. an enemy: as, hos'tile, relating to an open enemy, (adverse). -host, n. hostil'ity, n. inhos'tile, a. hos'tile, a. hos'tilize, v. unhos'tile, a. hos'tilely, ad. HUMAN-US, a. (a homo), of a man. (See Homo.) HIvM-Eo, v. 2. to be wet or moist: as, humect', or humect'ate, to make moist or wet; hu'moral, relating to the humours. dishu'mour,,n. & v. hu'mid, a. hu'morous, a. humect', or humid'ity, n. hu'morously, ad. humec'tate, v. hu'mour, n. & v. hu'morousness, n. humecta'tion, n. hu'moral, a. hu'moursome, a. humec'tive, a. hu'morist, n. hu'moursomely, ad. HmEaR-us, m. 2. the shoulder-hu'meral, a. EHuM-us, f. 2. the ground, the earth: as, exhume', to take * Hotel, " formerly hostel, a lodging-house, particularly a pubic-house furnished with beds, &c. for the accommodation of occasional lodgers, who are there supplied with apartments hired for the night, or by the week. Of this kind of!odging-house, Mr. Malone says, there was not one till about the year 1760.:In 110, he considered the number of them to be above 100. The designation of Cofiee-holse and Hotel, is now very comimon."-Johnson's Dict. by Todd. -HYA 183 HYM out of the grave; humil'iate, to make humble, or near the earth. exhume', or hum'bling, a. & n. humil'ity, n. ex'humate, v. hum'ble-minded, a. inhume', or exhumattion, n. hum'ble-mouthed, a. inhu'mate, v. hum'ble, a. & v. huma'tion, n. inhuma'tion, n. hum'bly, ad. humicuba'tion, n. post'hume, a. hum'bleness, n. humil'iate, v. *post'humous, a. hum'bler, n. -humilia'tion, n. post'humously, ad. HYAL-OS (va.Xog), glass or chrystal-hy'aline, a. HIYDOR (&Owg), water: as, hy'dromancy, predicting by water; hy'dromel, a drink of honey and water; hydrorm'eter, an instrument to measure water or fluids; hydrostat'ics, the science of weighing JYuids, or weighing bodies in fluids; hy'drus, a water-snake. tclepsy'dra, n. hy'drogen, n. hy'dropsy, or drop'sied, a. hydrog'raphy, n. Ildrop'sy, n. fhy'ades, or hydrog'rapher, n. hydrop'ical, or 4hy'ads, n. hy'dromancy, n. drop'sical, a. hy'dragogues, n. hydrol'ogy, n. hydrop'ic, a. hydrau'lics, n. hy'dromel, n. hydrostat'ical, a. hydraulical, a. hydrom'eter, n. hydrostat'ics, n. hv'drocele, n. hydrom'etry, n. ~hydrot'ic, n. hydroceph'alus, n. hydropho'bia, or hy'drus, or Yhydrodynam'ics,-n. hy'drophoby, n. hy'dra, n. HYEMs, f. 3. winter: as, hy'emal, belonging to winter. hy'emal, a. hy'emate, v. hyema'tion, n. HYGR-os (7ygos), moist, wet.:"hygrom'eter, n. hy'groscope, n. hygroscop'ic, a. HYMEN ($Etv), a fine skin; the god of marriage. hy'men, n. hymene'al, n. & a. hymene'an, n. & a. * Posthumous, done, had, or published after one's death, or after one is put into the ground. t Clepsydra, a kind of clock among the ancients that told the hours hy wate' T Hyades, or Hyads, a watery constellation. 1 Bydrodynamzcs, the science which treats of the power and force or water; 9r, of the motion of liquids or non-elastic fluids, and the force with whicn they act on other bodies. II " Dropsy, a collection of water in the body, from too lax a tone of the solids, whereby digestion is weakened, and all the parts stuffed."-Quincy. ~ Hydrotic, purger of water or phlegm. ** Hygrometer, an instrument to measure the degrees of moisture and dryness of the air: Hygroscope, an instrument to show these, and to estimate tbe quantity of either extreme. HYP 184 IDE 1HYPN-GS (L;rV0g), sleep-ant'hypnot'ic, a. hypnot'ic, a. EIYSTER-OS (U'rTEgs.0), later or lower; also, the womb: as, hyster'ic, troubled with fits, or disorders in the womb. antihyster'ic, a. hyster'ic, a. hyster'ical, a. *hyster'ics, n. IAMB-US, m. 2. (/kqtgos), a poetic foot —tiam'bic, n. & a. [BI, adv. there, in that place-nullibi'ety, n. al'ibi, n. ICHNEUMON, m. 3. (IXvasuEov, ab;Xvog, a footstep or vestige), a small animal that searches out and devours the eggs of crocodiles: as, ichnog'raphy, a ground plot. ichneu'mon. n. ichnog'raphy, n. ichnograph'ical, a. ichneu'mon-fly, n. LIunOR, m. 3. (;Xw?), the serum or watery part of the blood, thin acrid matter distilling from wounds. i'chor, n. i'chorous, a. ICHTHYS (;XBOC), a fish: as, ichthyol'ogy, the science of fish; ichthyoph'agist, a fish-eater. ichthyol'ogy, or ichthyoph'agy, n. ichthyoph'agist, n. icthyol'ogy,.n. ICON (txw v, ab Esxw, to be like), an image or picture: as, iconol'ater, a worshipper of images. i'con, n. iconoclas'tic, a. iconol'ogy, n. licon'oclast, n. iconog'raphy, n. iconol'ater, n. ICTER-US, m. 2. (Ix-sso,), the jaundice-icter'ical, a. IDEA, f. 1. (i6&a, ab ei&o, to see), a mental image: as, ide'alize, to form ideas. ide'a, n. ide'ally, ad. ide'ate, v. ide'al, a. ide'alize, v. unide'al, a. tIEM, pron. (ab is-dem), the same: as, iden'tify, to prove saqnneness, or to make the same. iden'tity, ii/ iden'tically, ad. iden'tify, v. iiden'tic, a? iden'ticalness, n. identification, n. iden'tic, a. * Hys!erics, fits of women, supposed to proceed from disorders in the womb; so called, hecause the womb is the lowest of the viscera. t Iambzc, a poetic font consisting of a short and long syllable; used originally mn satire, therefore talken for satire. t Iconoclast (& cKXaw, clazo, to break), a breaker of images. IDI 185 1MI IDT-os (ios), peculiar, private: as, idioc'rasy, peculha? ity of constitution; id'iom, a mode of speaking peculiar to a language. idioc'racy, n. idiomat'ical, a. id'iotism, a. Tdiocrat'ical, a. idiomat'ic, a. idiot'ic, a. id'iocy, n. tidiosyn'crasy, n. idiot'ical, a. *idiop'athy, n. id'iot, n. id'iotize, v. id'iom, n. IDOL-U-v, n. 2. (iS0X0ov, ab iogc, a.form, a figure), an image worshipped as God: as, idol'atry, the worship of images, or of any thing as God. i'dol, n. i'dolish, a. idol'atrize, v. i'dolize, v. idol'atry, n. idolat'rical, a. i'dolizer, n. idol'ater, n. idol'atrous, a. i'dolismn, n. idol'atress, n. idol'atrously, ad. IGrN-Is, m. 3. fire: as, ig'nite, to set on fire; igniv'omous, vomiting fire. ig'neous, a. ig'nify, v. igniti'on, n. ignip'otent, a. ignif'luous, a. igni'tible, a. ig'nis-fatuus, n. ignite', v. igniv'omous, a. IMAGO, ~n-is, f. 3. an image or picture: as, im'agery, serisible representations, representations in writing; imtag inative, relating to the imagination or power of forming ideal pictures. im'age, n. & v. im-ag'inant, a. & n. inimag'inable, a. im'agery, n. imag'inary, a. unimag'inable, a. imag'ine, v. imagina'tion, n. unimag'inably, ad. imag'iner, n. imag'inative, a. unimag'ined, a. imag'inable, a. imag'ining, a. IMBECILL-Is (ab in, on, & bacillus, m. 2. a staff), wzeak, feeble, leaning on a staff. imbecile'" n. imbecil'ity, n. imbecil'itate, v. IbUT-OR, V. dep. 1. to copy or resemble: as, im'itator, one who copies another; inim'itable, that cannot be copiied or resembled, (above imitation.) im'itable, a. imitability, n. im'itate, v. * Idiopathy, peculiar feeling; a primary disease, that neither depends on. nor proceeds from another. t Idiosyncrasy, a peculiar temper or disposition of body not common to an other. IMP 186 INI imita'tion, n. inim'itable, a. inimitabil'ity, n. im'itative, a. inim'itably, ad. unim'itable, a. im'itator, n. IMPEk-O, V. 1. (ab in et pario), to command, to rule: as, imper'ative, commanding. *em'peror, n. imperato'rial, a. impe'rialty, n. em'press, n. impe'rial, a. impe'rious, a. *em'pire, n. impe'rially, ad. impe'riously,,ad. im'perate, a. impe'rialist, n. impe'riousness, n. imper'ative, a. impe'rialized, a. INAN-IS, a. empty-inane', a. inaniti'on, n. inan'ity, n. INDIGEN —, f 1. the native of a place. tindig'enous, a. tin'digene, n. INDULG-EO, V. 2. to indulge. indulge', v. indul'gency, n. indulgently, ad. indul'gence, n. indul'gent, a. INCHO-O, v. 1. to begin: as, in'choate, to begin. in'chloate, v. & a. inchoa'tion, n. in'choative, a. in'choately, ad. _INDUSTRI —, f. 1. diligence, assiduity. in'dustry, n. indus'triously, ad. unindus'trious, a. indus'trious, a. INFANS, nt-is, c. 3. (ab in et fari), a child that cannot yet speak. (See Fari.) INFERIUS, a. below, beneath: as, infe'rior, lower in place, station or rank of life, or value. infe'rior, a. & n. infer'nal, a. & n. infer'nally, ad. inferior'ity, n. INJFEST-US, a. hostile to, eager to hurt; harassing. in2fest', v. infesta'tion, n. infes'tuous, a. INGUEN,'n-is, n. 3. the groin —ing'uinal, a. JNIQU-Us, (ab equus), uneven, unjust, wicked. (See Equus.) * Emperor, a monarch of title and dignity superior to a king; as, the emperor of Germany. Empire, imperial power, sovereign command; the region over which dominion is extended. Indigenous, native to a country; originally produced or born in a region: opposite to exotic, foreign; not produced in our own country; also, a foreign nlant. I Indigene, a native. INI 187 IRA INIT[-uJI, n. 2. (ab in et eo), a beginning. (See Eo.) INQU-IN-, V. 1. to defile, to pollute, to corrupt. in'quinate, v. inquina'tion, n. I NSUL-., f. 1. an island: as, in'sulate, to make an sl7a nd. in'sular, a. & n.- isle, n. i'solated, a. in'sulary, a. i'slet, n. penin'sula, n. in'sulate, v. i'sland, n. penin'sular, a. in'sulated, a. i'slander, n. penin'sulated, a. INTEGER, a. (ab in et tango, to touch), entire, not touched upright: as, in'tegrate, to make a whole. in'teger, n. - integral'ity, n. in'tegrate, v. in'tegral, a. & n. in'tegrant, a. integra'tion, n. in'tegrally, ad. integ'rity, n. INTERPRET-OR, V. dep. 1. to explain: as, misinterpret, to explain to a worse sense, or wrong intention. inter'pret, v. inter'pretative, a. misinter'preter, 71. interpreter, n. inter'pretatively, ad. misinter'pretable, a. inter'pretable, a. misinter'pret, v. misinterpreta'tion,n. interpreta'tion, n. INTESTIN-A, n. 2, (ab intus, within), the guts, the bowels, the inwards: as, intes'tinal, relating to the guts. intes'tinal, a. intes'tine, a. & n. intes'tines, n. [NT-US, adv. or INTR-.-, prep. within: as, inter'nal, inward or of the inside; inte'rior, inward, inner. inte'rior, a. & n. inter'nally, ad. intima'tion, n. inte'riorly, ad. in'timate, a. n. & v. intrin'sical, a. intern', a. in'timately, ad. intrin'sically, ad. intertnal, a. in'timacy, n. intrin'sic, a. INVIT-o, v. 1. to bid or ask; to allure: as, invita'tion, the act of inviting, bidding, or calling. disinvite', v. invita'tion, n. invi'tingly, ad. invite', v. invi'tatory, a. invi'tingness, n. invi'ter, n. invi'ting, n. & a. uninvi'ted, a. invite'ment, n. IOTA (WorU), the name of the ninth letter of the GreehA alphabet; a point, a tittle, the least particle. io'ta, n. jot, n. & v. jot'ting, n. [R-oq, f. 1. anger, wrath: as, iras'cible, inclined or dis18 IRE 188 ITA posed to anger; ir'ritable, easily angered or provoked; ir'ritate, to excite. anger. *dire, n. ire'fully, ad. ir'ritable, a. direlful, a. iras'cible, a. irritabil'ity, n. dire'fulness, n. iras'cibly, ad. ir'ritate, v. & a. ire, n. irascibil'ity, n. irrita'tion, n. ire'ful, a. i'rous, a. ir'ritatory, a. IREN-E (h:gv?), peace-ti'renarch, n. iren'ical, a. IRIS, f. 3. (,'1s), the rain-bow; circle round the pupil of the eye; the Jleur-de-luce-i'ris, n. IRONI-A (Eigwvem, ab slgwv, a dissembler), a figure of speech, when one means the contrary of what is said. i'rony, n. iron'ical, a. i'ronist, n. iron'ic, a. iron'ically, ad. IscH-o (iXw), to retain, to hold —tis'chury, n. ischuret'ic, n. Is-os (i'os), equal; as, isoch'ronal, of equal times; isos'-. celes, equal legs or sides. isoch'ronal, a. disoperimet'rical, a. isother'mal, a. isoch'ronous, a. isos'celes, n. & a. ISTHi-,US, m. 2. (1'8otos), a neck of land joining a peninsula to a Continent-is'thmus, n. is'thmian, a. ISRAEL (;bW~', ab nn, strength; power, Heb.) Jacob. IIIs'rael, n. Is'raelite, n. Is'raelitish, a. ITALI —A f 1. Italy, the name of a country in Europe. Ital'ian, n. & a. ital'ianate, v. lital'ic, a. ital'icise, v. ital'ianize, v. * Dire (Dei ira, the wrath of God), cruel; dreadful, horrible; mournful. t Irenarch, an officer of the old Greek empire, employed to preserve public tranquillity. t Ischury, a stoppage of urine, whether by gravel or other causes. Ischuretic such medicines as force urine when suppressed. Isoperimetrical figures, are such as have equal perimeters or circumferences, of which the circle is the greatest. —Harris. 11 Israel, a prince with God, or prevailing with God; or one who wrestleth w ith God. The name given by God to Jacob on the night, or rather morning previous to meeting his brother Esau: " And God said, Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel: for as a prince hast thou power with God and with men, and hast prevdiled."-Gen. xxxii. 1-32. xxxv. 10. Israel denotes the child ren of Jacob, and is often in Scripture taken for the people of God —Exod.'i. 6, 7. 2 Kings xvii. 34. Psal. cxxxv. 4, 12. Isa. xix. 25. xiv. 4. ~ Italic, denoting a type first used by Italians. ITE 189 JAC ITER-U-., a(dv. again, a second time: as, it'erate, to repeat, to utter again. it'erable, a. it'erant, a. reit'erate, v. it'erate, v. it'erative, a. reitera'tion, n. itera'tion, n. ITER, itiner-is, n. 3. (ab eo, itum, to go), a journey, a march: as, itin'erary, a book of travels; or done on a journey. itin'erant, a. itin'erary, n. & a. itin'erate, v. JAC-EO, v. 2. to lie: as, adja'cent, lying to or near. adja'cent, a. & n. interja'cent, a. ja'cent, a. adjacency, n. interja'eency, n. subja'cent, a. circumja'cent, a. JAC-IO, jactum, v. 3. to throw, to cast, or to dart: as, eject'. to throw out; inject', to throw in; object', to cast against; object, something cast in the way; ejac'ulate, to throuw, shoot; or dart out; subjec'tive throwing or placing under, or relating to the subject. abject, a. & n. dejec'tedly, ad. objec'tion, n. abjectly, ad. dejec'tedness, n. objec'tionable, a. ab'jectness, n. dejec'tory, a. objec'tive, a. abject', v. dejec'ture, n. objec'tively, ad. abjec'tion, n. disjec'tion, n. objec'tiveness, no abjec'tedness, n. eject', v. objec'tor, n. edject', v. ejec'iion, n. proj'ect, n. adjec'tion, n. eject'ment, n. proj'ectile, n. & a adjective, a. ejac'ulate, v. project', v, ad[jectively, ad. ejacula'tion, n. projec'tion, n. adjectiti'ous, a. ejac'ulatory, a. projec'tor, ni conject', v. inject', v. projec'ture, n. conjec'tor, n. injec'tion, n. reject', v. conjec'ture, n. & v. insubjec'tion, n. rejec'ter, z, conjec'turable, a. interject', v. rejec'tion rt, conjec'tural, a. interjec'tion, n. rejec'table, a. conjec'turally, ad. jactita'tion, n. rejecta'neous, a conjectural'ity, n. jac'ulate, v. rejectiti'ous, a. conjec'turer, n. jacula'tion, n. sub'ject, a. & n. deject', v. & a. jac'ulatory, a. subject', v. dejec'ter, n. misconjec'ture, n. & v. subjec'ted, a. dejec'tion, n. ob'ject, n. subjec'tion, n. deject'ly, ad. object', v. subjec'tive, a. JAC 190 JES subjec'tively, ad. *traj'ect, n. unobjec'ted, a. superinjec'tion, n. trajec'tion, n. unobjec'tionable, a. *traject', v. *trajecdtory,.n. unsub'ject, a. JACOB-Us, m. 2. (pjP', Jacob, the heeler or supplanter, HSeb.) James. jac'obin, n. & a. jac'obinism, n. jac'obitism, n. jac'obine, n. jac'obinize, v. OTdaco'bus, n. jacobin'ical, a. tjac'obite, n. & a. JACUL-UI, n. 2. (2i jacio), a javelin, a dart, (See Jacio.) JALOUX, a. (Fr.) suspicious in love; emulous. jeal'ous, a. jealousness, n. unjeal'ous, a. jealously, ad. jeal'ousy, n. JANv-a, f. 1. a gate, a door —jan'itor, n. JANUARI-vs,~ m. 2. first month of the year-Jan'uary, n. JEHOVAH (Ileb. rrn,), the incommunicable name of God; the self-existent, and giver of existence. JEJUN-US, a. empty-jejune', a. jejune'ness, n. jejun'ity, n. JESUs, m. 4. (ljovug, ab;rtrn, Heb.) Our Blessed Saviour. -Jesh'ua, n. Jes'uit, n. Jes'uitess, sn. * Traject, v. to cast beyond or through. Traj'ect, n. ferry or passage for a water-carriage. Trajectory, the orbit of a comet. t Jacobite, one of a sect of heretics, who were anciently a branch of the Butychians, and are still subsisting in the Levant. "The Jacobites took their denomination from one Jacob, a Syrian, who began to disseminate his doctrines in the East about the close of the sixth century. His sect are sometimes distinguished by the name of llIonophysites, the progeny of the Eutychians, who asserted the single nature of Christ, in opposition to the orthodox, who maintained that his nature was twofold,-human-and divine." —Prof. White's Serm. V'Jacobus, a gold coin worth twenty-five shillings; so called from king James the first of England in whose reign it was struck. 5 Januarius, from Janus, an ancient king of Italy; also, the god of the year,.who presided over the gates of heaven, and over peace and war. To him this month, amrong the Romans, was consecrated. He is painted with two faces (bifrons vel biceps.) His temple was open in time of war, and shut in time of peace. JOC 191 JUC jes'uited, a. jesuit'ically, ad. Jo'se, n, iesuit'ic, a. jes'uitism, n. Jo'ses, n. jesuit'ical, a. Je'sus, n. Josh'ua, n..Ioc-us, m. 2. a joke or jest: as, jocose', full of jokes, or given to jest; jocularly, in a laughable or joking way jocose', a. joc'ularly, ad. joc'undness, n. jocose'ly, ad. jocularity, n. jocun'dity, n. jocose'niess, n. joc'utlator, n. joke, n. & v. jocos'ity, n. joc'ulatory, a. jo'king, n. & a. jocose'rious, a. joc'und, a. jo'kingly, ad. jocular, a. joc'undly, ad. jo'ker, n. JOIN-DRE, V. (Fr. a jungo), to join. (See Jungo.) JOUR,* m. (Fr.) a day: as, jour'ney, the travel of a day; sojourn, to dwell anywhere for a time. adjourn', v. jour'nalize, v. rejourn', v. adjourn'ment, n. jour'ney, n. & v. sojourn, v. & n. *jour'nal, n. 4~jour'neyman, n. sojourner, n. journalist, n. jour'ney-work, n. sojour'ning, n JUBIL-UaJ, n. 2. a joyful shout. ju'bilant, a. jubila'tion, n. Vju'bilee, n. JUCUND-Us, a. pleasant-injucun'dity, n. jucun'dity, n. * Jour, journal (Pr.) giornale (Ttal.) probably from dies, diurnus, (Lat. the soft soun'4 of di in diurnus being nearly equivalent to the French j. t Journeyman a workman hired by the day. They were called journeymen that wrought with others by the day though now by statute it be extended to those likewise that covenant to work in their occupation with another by the year.-Cowel. t The Jubilee was the graind Sabbatical year of the Jews, celebrated after every seven septenaries of years; viz. every forty-ninth or fiftieth year, in commemoration of their deliverance out of Egypt.'IThis was a year of general release, not only of all debts, like the common Sabbatical year, but of all slaves; and of all lands and possessions which had been sold or otherwise alienated from the families and tribes to which they originally belonged. Critics are not agreed about the etymology of the word bolt Jobel. Some derive it from Jabal, the inventor of musical instruments. Gen. iv. 21.; and suppose that this year was named after him, because it is a year of mirth and joy, on which music is a common attendant; or as we say in English, a jovial time; the word jovial being perhaps a corruption of the Hebrew wotd Jobel; or else, because it was ushered in with the musica'l —sound of the trumpet through the whole land.'1 here is another opinion, which bids as fair for probability as any, that Jobel comes from Ac, jabil. in hiphil'5"on, hebil, which signifies to recall, restoPe, bring back, &c. because this restored all slaves to their liberty and 18 JUD' 192 JUD JUDAH,* (nl-n', the praise of the Lord, ab nmi, to put or -hold forward or forth; to profess or confess, to praise), the fourth son of Jacob. *Jew, n. Jew'ry, n. Juda'ically, ad. Jew'ess, n. *Ju'dah, n. Ju'daism, n. Jew'ish, a. Ju'das, n. Ju'daize, v Jew'ishly, ad. Jude'a, n. Ju'daizer, 7. Jew'ishness, n. Juda'ical, a. JUDIc-o, judicatum, v. 1. (jus dicere, to speak the law, to administer justice), to give sentence, to judge: as. ju'dicatory, distributing justice, or a court of justice; judici'al, relating to a judge or legal justice; prej'udice, judgement formed beforehand, without examination. abju'dicated, a. injudici'ous, a. judici'ous, a. abjudica'tion, n. inju'dici'ously, ad judici'ously, ad. adjudge', v. injudici'ousness, n. judiciousness, n. adjudge'ment, n. judge, n. & v. misjudge', v. adju'dicate, v. judg'er, n. prejudge', v. adjudica'tion, n. judge'ment, n. prejudge'ment, n. diju'dicate, v. judge'ship, n. preju'dicate, v. & a. dijudica'tion, n. ju'dicatory, n. & a. prejudica'tion, n. extrayudici'al, a. judicative, a. preju'dicative, a. extrajudici'ally, ad. judicature, n. preju'dicacy, n. impreju'dicate, a. judici'al, a. prej'udice, n. & v. inju'dicable, a. judicially, ad. prejudici'al, a. injudici'al, a. judici'ary, a. prejudici'ally, ad. brought back all alienated estates to the families to which they originally belonged. Accordingly, the Septuagint renders Jabel, deiais, a remission, Lev. xxv.. 10.; and see 8-19. And Josephus saith it signifies A\vOmeelav, liberty.Josep. Antiq. Lib. III. cap. xii. sect. 3.-See Jennings' Jew. Antiq. * In the strictest sense, this appellation fln'~", Jehudim, Iov3Jaot, or Jews, belongs only to the posterity and tribe of Judah, after the defection of the ten tribes. Hebrews, in the full extent of the word, were the posterity of Abraham, the Hebrew; Israelites, the posterity of Jacob, or Israel; and Jews, the pos. teritw of Judah, one of the sons of Israel. But after the division of Abraham and Israel's posterity into two kingdoms, under Rehoboam and Jeroboam, the one (under Rehoboam), was called the kingdom of Judah, because the tribe of Judah hadthe greater part of it, and also because the kings were of that tribe the boter, (who revolted under Jeroboam), consisting of ten tribes, was called the kingdom of Israel. Hence arose a distinction between Jews and Israelites. But as the ten tribes were afterwards, in a manner, lost in the Assyrian cap. tivity, an_ the kingdom of Judah only continued through succeeding ages a.mody politic, the name Jews came to be applied indifferently to all Hebrews and fsraeliles, whether they belonged to the two tribes of Judah and Benjamin, or to the ten revolting tribes, whether they returned to Judea (as no doubt some of the ten, as well as of the two, tribes did, Ezra vi. 17.) or not.-Jennings'.Jew. Antiq. JUG 193 JUP prejudici'alness, n. unjudged', a. unprej'udiced, a. rejudge', v. unpreju'dicate, a. JUGUL-U-M, n. 2. the throat —ju'gular, a. Juc —urx, n. 2. a yoke: as, conjugal, relating to marriage, ab/jugate, to unyoke; adjugate, to yoke to; conjugate, to join, to tie, as it were to one yoke. ab'jugate, v. conjugate, v. sub'jugate, v. ad'jugate, v. conjuga'tion, n. subjuga'tion, n. assub'jugate, v. *subdue', v. yoke, n. & v. con'jugal, a. subdu'able, a. yoke'-fellow, n. conjugally, ad. subdu'al, n. yoke'mate, n. JUNG-o, juncturn, v. 3..to join: as, adjunct, something joined or united to (though not essentially); conjunc'. tion, a joining or connecting together; enjoin', or injoin', to make to join, (to direct, to order); subjunc'tive, joined under, or added to. adjoin', v. conjunc'ture, n. joint'ly, ad. oadjoin'ant, a. disjoin', v. junc'tion, n..adjunct, n. & a. disjoint', v. junc'tive, a.,ad'junctly, ad. disjunct', a. junc'ture, n. adjunc'tion, n. disjunc'tion, n. fjun'ta, or adjunc'tive, a. & n. disjunc'tive, a. jun'to, n. adjunc'tively, ad. disjunc'tively, ad. misjoin', v. cojoin',- v. enjoin', v. reconjoin', v. conjoin', v. enjoin'er, n. rejoin', v. conjoint', a. enjoin'ment, n. rejoin'der, n. conjoint'ly, ad. injoin', v. rejoint', v. conjunct', a. injunc'tion, n. subjoin', v. conjunct'ly, ad. join, v. dubjunc'tion, n. conjunc'tion, n. join'ing, n. subjunc'tive, a. conjuinc'tive, a. join'er, n. ulnoin'ted, a. conjunc'tively, ad. join'ery, n. unjopin', v. conjunc'tiveness, n. joint, n. & v. unjoint', v. JUNc-qs, m. 3. a bulrush, a Jfag-jun'cous, a. JUPITER, jov-is, m. 3. the chief god of the Greeks and Romans; as, jo'vial, relating to, or under the influence of Jupiter, (gay, airy, merry, cheerful.) jol'ly, n. jol'lity, n. jo'vialness, n. jol'lily, ad. jo'vial, a. jo'vialist, n. jol'liness, n. jo'vially, ad. jo'vialty, n. * Subdue. See foot-note, p. 115. t Junta or Junto, a cabal; a kind of men combined in any serret design; t cngress of statesmen, a council. JUR 194 JUV JUR-o, juratum, v. 1. to swear: as, albjure', to cast off, retract, or recant upon oath; adjurie', to impose ah oath, or charge earnestly by oath; peryury, sworn through or contrary to the truth,. (false oath.) abjure', v. conjura'tion, n. ju'ryman, n. abjur'er, n. conjure'ment, n. nonju'ring, a. abjura'tion, n. conjure, v. tnon'juror, n. abjure'ment, n. conjurer, n. perjure, v. adjure', v. *ju'rat, n. perjurer, n. adjur'er, n. ju'ratqry, a. perjury, n. adjura'tion, n. ju'ror, n. unperjured, a. conjure', v.. tju'ry, n. Juvs, jur-is, n. 3. right, law, justice: as, in'ury, hurt witl-, out justice; jurid'ical, administering justice or law; jurispru'dence, the science of law. injure, v. jurid'ical, a. jurisdic'tive, a. injurer, n. jurid'ically, ad. jurispru'dence, n. in'jury, n. juris-con'sult, n. jurispru'dent, a. inju'rious, a. jurisdic'tion, n. ju'rist, n. inju'riously, ad. jlrisdic'tional, a. uninjured, a. inju'riousness, n. JUST-US, a. (A jus), just, upright, lawful, reasonable: as, jus'tify, to make just, (to clear from imputed guilt; to free from past sin by pardon; to maintain.) adjust', v. jus'ticement, n. justif'icative, a, adjus'ter, n. jus'ticeship, n. justifica'tor, n. adjust'ment, n. justic'iary, n. & a. justif'icatory, a. injus'tice, n. jus'tify, v. unjust', a. just, a. & ad. jus'tifier, n. unjustlyv, ad. just'ly, ad. jus'tifiable, a. unjus'tifiable, a. just'ness,. jus'tifiably, ad. unjus'tifiably, ad. {jus'tice, n. jus'tifiab]leness, n. unjus'tifiablehess, n. jus'ticeable, a. justifica'tion, n. u unjus'tified, a. JUvEN-Is, a. young: as, ju'venile, belonging to youth. ju'venile, a. ju'nior, a. tejuvenes'cence, n. juvenil!ity, n. junior'ity, n. rejuvenes'cency, n. * Jut'at, a magistrate in some corporations. t l" Jury, a company of men, as'twenty-four or twelve, sworn to deliver a truth upon'such evidence as shall be delivered them touching the matter in uestion."-Cowel. I Nonjuror, one who, conceiving James II. unjustly deposed, refuses to swear "allegiance to the Hanoverian fhmily, who have succeeded him. S Justice, the virtue by which we give to every man what is his 87rle It:s alther dtstributive, belonging to magistrates; or commutative, respecting common mransactions between men. JUY 195 LAB Juv-o, jutum, v. 1.4to help, to assist: as, adju'tor, one who helps; coadju'tor, one who assists another, (a fellowhelper.) ad'jument, n. adjuvate, v. *aide'-de-camp, n. ad'jutancy, n. ad'juvant, a. coad'jument, n. adjutant, a. & n aid, v. coad'jutancy, n. adju'tor, n. aid'er, n. coad jutant, a. adju'trix, n. aid'ant, a. coadju'tor, it. adjutory, a. aid'less, a. coadju'trix, n. L. LABI-uxM, n. 2. the lip-la'bial, a. la'biated, a. labioden'tal, a. LAB-O ('Xarc, for XaCtavw), to take: as, syl'lable, a taking together, of a certain number of letters. tas'trolabe, n. polysyllab'ical, a. syllab'ic, a. dis'syllable, n. quadrisyl'lable, n. syllab'ical, a. mon'osyllable, n. quinquisyl'lable, n. syllab'ically, ad. monosyilab'ical, a. septisyl'lable, n. tsyl'labus, n. octosyl'lable, n. sexisyl'lable, n. tris'yllable, n. pol'ysyllable, n. syl'lable, n. & v. trisyllab'ical, a. LAB-OR, lapsus, v. dep. 3. to fall or glide: as, collapse, to fall together, (to close so as that one side touches the other); sublapsa'rian, done under or after the fall of man. collapse', v. & a. Ilinterlapse', n. relap'ser, n. collapsed', a. la'bent, a. subtapsa'rian, n. & a. collap'sion, n. lapse, n. & v. sublap'sary, a. delapsed', a. lap'sed, a. ~supralapsa'rian, n. elapse', v. preterlapsed', a. & a..illapse', n. relapse', v. & n. supralap'sary, a. LABOR, m. 3. labour, toil: as, labo'rious, full of labour or toil; lab'oratory, a place where medicines are prepared, (a chemist's work-room.) elab'orate, v. & a. elab'orately, ad. elab'orateness, t1. * Aide-de-camp, an officer who attends the general that has the chief conmmand of the army, to carry his orders to the inferior officers. f Astiolabe, an instrument chiefly used fbr taking the altitude of the pole, sun, or stars at sea. t Syllabuzs, an abstract; a compendium containing the heads of a discourse. ~ Illapse, literally, a falling on; a gradual emission or entrance of one thing into another; a sudden attack; a casual coming. 11 [nterlapse, the flow of time between any two events. ~ The slspralapsarians, with whom the object of the decree is: homo conditrs, man created, not yet fallen; and the sublapsarians, with whom it is mat, Willen, or the corrupt mass.-Hammond. LAB 196 LAC elabora'tion, n. la'bourer, n. ia'boursome, a. elab'oratory, or labo'rious, a. underla'bourer, n. lab'oratory, n. labo'riously, ad. unla'boured, a. inelab'orate, a. labo'riousness, n. unlabo'rious, a. Ia'bour, n. & v. la'bourless, a. [,ABYRINTH-US, m. 2. a maze, or a place formed with in. extricable windings *lab'yrinth, n. labyrin'thian, a. LAC, lact-is, n. 3. milk: as, lac'teal, belonging to milk or chyle-a white juice like milk; Iactes'cent, becoming or producing milk. ablac'-tate, v. Illac'tage, n. lactes'cent, a. table(cta'tion, n. lacte'an, a. lactif'erous, a. Idelacta'tion, nt. lae'teal, a. & n. ~oblec'tate, v. blac'tary, a. & n. lac'teous, a. oblecta'tion, n. Iactaction, n. lactes'cence, n. lac'tic, a. LACER, a. torn, rent: as, lac'erable, that may be torn. delct'erate, v. dilacera'tion, n. lac'erate, v. delacera'tion, n. illac'erable, a. lacera'tion, n. dilac'erate, v. lac'erable, a. lac'erative, a. LACHRYM —., f. a tear: as, lach'rymable, worthy of tears, (lamentable.) delachryma'tion, n. lach'rymable, a. lachryma'tion, n. illach'rymable, a. lach'rymary, a. **lach'rymatory, n. lach'rymal, a. LACONI-.8, f. 1. the country of the Spartans or Lacedemonians in Peloponnesus, who spoke and wrote in a short, concise, and pithy style; hence. lacon'ic, a. lacon'ically, ad. lac'onism, n. lacon'ical, a. a * Labyrinthus, a building whose numerous passages and perplexing windings, render the way from it difficult, and almost impracticable. There were four very famous among the ancients, one near the city of the Crocodiles or Arsinae in Egypt; another in Crete; a third at Lemnos; and a fourth in Italy, built by Porsena. That of Crete, built by Daedalus, was the most famous of all in classic history; that of Arsince, the most ancient. It was divided into twelve halls, and 3000 chambers; 1500 in the upper part, and the same number betow; hence.a maze, or place formed with inextricable windings.-See Lempriere's Class. Dict. t AbZactation, one of the methods of grafting; and according to the significalion of the word, as it were a weaning of a scion by degrees from its mother stock, not cutting it off wholly from the stalk, till it is firmly united to that on which it is grafted. t Delactation, a weaning from the'brcast. Jiactary, a place where milk is kept, a dairy-house. I.Lactage, produce from animals yielding mitk..1 Oblectate, to delight or ptease,-as milk to a child. * Lachrymatory, a vessel in which tears are gathered to the honour of the Jeadl LAM 197 LAP LAMDiNT-OR, v. dep. 1. to bevwail: as, lam'entable, to be lamented, (causing or expressing sorrow, pitiful.) lament', v. & n. lamenta'tion, n. lament'ing, a. lam' entable, a. lament'er, n. unlament'ed, a. lam'entably, ad. LAMIN-.S, f I. a thin plate: as, lam'ellar, relating to thian scales or plates. lam'ina, n. lam'ellar, a. lam'ellated, a. lam'inated, a. LAN-S, f. 1. wool: as, lan'ifice, woollen manufacture. lan'ifice, n. lanig'erous, a. LANCE-Sq, f 1. a lance, a spear: as, lan'cinate, to tear or rend as by-spears. lance, n. & v. lan'cet, n. lancina'tion, n., lan'cer, n. lan'cinate, v. LANGU-EO, v. 2. to fade, to droop: as, lang'uid, fading, (faint, weak; dull.) lang'uid, a. lang'uish, v. & n. lang'uishing, n. lang'uidly, ad. lang'u-isher, n. lang'uishingly, ad. lang'uidness, n. lang'uishment, n. lang'uor, n. LANI-US, m. 2. a butcher-dila'niate, v. *la'niary, n. la'niate, V. LANUGO, in-is, f. 3. soft tender hair or down-lanu'ginous, a. LA-os (Xaos), the people: as, la'ity, the people, as. distin guished from the clergy. A.rchela'us, n. lay, a. Laodice'ans, n. Ia'ic, a. & n. lay'man, n. Nic'olas, n. la'ical, a. Laodice'a, n. Nicola'itans, n. la'ity, n. LAPIs, Td-is, m. 3. a stone: as, dilap'idate, to free from stones, (to go to ruin, or make desert); lap'idary, one who deals in stones and gems. dilap'idate, v. lap'idate, i%. lapides'cent, a. dilapida'tion, n. tlapida'tion, n. tlapidif'ic, a. inlap'idate, v. lapid'eous, a. lap'idist, n. flap'icide, n. lapides'cence, n. i'pis, n. lap'idary, n. & a. * Laniary, a shambles, or place where meat is sold. Laniate, to Lear or cut m pieces like a butcher. i lapicide, a stone-cutter. Lapidation, a stoning. Lapidific, forming stone. LAQ 198 LAT LAQUJE-US, m. 2. a snare, a trick. illa'queate, v. illaquea'tion, n. LARD-UJ, n. 2. bacon; the grease of swzne. lard, n. & v. lar'derer, n. *lar'dry, n. Nlar'der, n. larda'ceous, a. LARG-us, a. big, extensive, liberal: as, lar'gess, a gift. enlarge', v. large, a. lar'gess, n. enlariger, n. large'ly, ad. tlargiti'on, n. enlarge'ment, n. large'ness, n. unenlarged', a. IASCIV-US, a. lewd, lustful, wanton. lasciv'ious, a. lasciv'iousness, n. lasciv'ient, a. lasciv'iously, ad. lasciv'iency, n. LASS-us, a. weary, worn-ou- las'situde, n. LATE-O, V. 2. to hide, to conceal: as, la'tent, hidden, secret la'tency, n. lat'itancy, n. latita'tion, n. la'tent, a. lat'itant, a. LATER, m. 3. a brick or tile-lateriti'ous, a. LATIN-US, a. (a Latium, n. 2. a country dof Italy), Latin, or of the people of Latium. tLat'in, n. & a. lat'inism, n. latin'ity, n. lat'inly, ad. lat'inist, n. lat'inize, v. LATRI —A~ (XAacSEa, X cTrgS, a servant), service for hire, worship: as, demonol'atry, the worship of the devil; pyrol'atry, fire-worship. demonol'atry, n. idol'atry, n. idol'atrize, v. iconol'ater, n. idolat'rical, a. la'tria, n. idol'ater, n. idol'atrous, a.' pyrol'atry, n. idol'atress, n. idol'atrously, ad. LATR-O, latratum, v. 1. to bark: as, obla'trate, to bark or rail against. la'trate, v. la'trant, a. oblatra'tion, n. latra'tion, n. obla'trate, v..LATUM, Sup. (a fero, latum), to carry, to bear, to bring. as, dil'atory, carrying asunder or. hither and thither, * Larder, a room where meat is kept or salted. Lardry, a place where vio'uals are kept.. t Largition, the act of giving. t Latin, written or spoken in the language of the old Romans. SLatria, the highest kind of worship; distinguished by the Papists from dulia -r infirior worship. LAT 199 LAT (tardy, loitering); leg'islate, to carry, pass, or mSke laws; rel'ative, carrying or bringing back, (having relations); obla'tion, an offering, a sacrifice. abla'tion, n. legisla'tion, n. lprol'ate, a. *ab'lative, a. legisla'tionship, n. prola'tion, n. antiprelat'ic, a. leg'islative, a. relate', v. antiprelat'ical, a. legisla'tor, n. rela'ter, n. collate', v. legisla'tress, n. rela'tion, n. colla'tion, n. legisla'ture, n. rela'tionship, n. collatiti'ous, a. misrelate', v. rel'ative, a. & n. colla'tive, a. misrela'tion, n. rel'atively, ad. colla'tor, n. mistranslate', v. rel'ativeness, n. correlate', v. mistransla'tion, n. subla'tion, n. cor'relate, n. mistransla'tor, n. super'lative, a. Tcorrel'ative, a. toblate', a. super'latively, ad. correl'ativeness, n. obla'tion, n. super'lativeness, n dil'atory, a. obla'tioner, n. translate', v. dil'atorily, ad. prel'acy, n. transla'table, a. dil'atoriness, n. prel'ate, n. transla'tion, n. elate', a. & v. prel'ateship, n. transla'tor, n. ela'tion, n. prelat'ical, a. transla'tory, a. il'lative, a. & n. prelat'ical]y, ad. unprelat'ical, a. il'latively, ad. prela'tion, n. unrela'ted, a. illa'tion, n. prel'ature, n. unrel'ativb, a. indil'atory, a. prel'atureship, n. unrel'atively, ad. irrel'ative, a. prel'aty, n. untransla'table, a. irrel'atively, ad. liprolate', v. untransla'ted, a. leg'islate, v. LATUS, er-is, n. 3. the side: as, lat'eral, belonging to the side; collat'eral, sides together. collat'eral, q. lat'erally, ad. quadrilat eral, a. collat'erally, ad. lateral'ity, n. septilat'eral, a. equilat'eral, a. multilat'eral, a. trilat'eral, a. lat'eral, a. * Ablative, that takes away; denoting the sixth case of the Latin nouns; the case which, among other significations, includes the person from whom something is taken away. t Correlative, literally, carrying back with; having a reciprocal relation, so that the existence of one in a particular state depends upon the existence of another; as, father'and son, husband and wife, &c. are correlative termls. f Oblate,flatted at the poles-used of a spheroid. Prelate, one carried or advanced before the rest; an ecclesiastw of the highest order and dignity of the church. II Prolate', v. to pronounce, to utter. Prol'ate, a. extended beyond an exate round 19 LAT 200 LEC LAT-Us, a. broad, wide: as, lat'itude,- a being broad or wide; dilate', to widen, (to speak largely and copiously.) dilate', v. & a. dilata'tion, n. lat'itude, n. dila'tor. or dila'table, a. *latitudina'rian,n. & a. dila'ter, n. dilatabil'ity, n. latitudina'rianism, n. dila'tion, n. latiros'trous, a. LAUR-US, f. 4. or 2. a laurel or bay-tree. Tlau'reate, v. a. & n. lau'rel, n. lau'relled, a. flaurea'tion, n. LAUS, laud-is, f. 3. praise; glory: as, allow', to give to, to admit; lau'datory, bestowing praise. allow', v. illau'dably, ad. lau'dableness, n. allow'able, a. laud, n. & v. laudabil'ity, n. allow'ableness, n. lau'der, n. tlau'danum, n. allow'ance, n. lau'dable, a. lau'dative, a. collaud', v. lau'dably, ad. lau'datory, a. & n. illau'dable, a. LAVO, lotum, v. 1. & 3. (Xouw), to wash: as, laun'dry, a place or room in which clothes are washed. laun'der, n. {la'va, n. lave, v. laun'derer, n. lava'tion, n. ~la'ver, n. laun'dress, n. IIlav'atory, n. lo'tion, n. laun'dry, n. LAX-Us, a. loose, open: as, lax'ity, a being loose; prolix', loose, (long, tedious.) lax, a. & n. lax'ativeness, n. prolix'ious, a. lax'ly, ad. - prolix', a. relax', v. & n. lax'ity, n. prolix'ly, ad. relax'abl'e, a. Iax'ness, n. prolix'ness, n. relaxa'tion, n. Iaxa'tion, n. prolix'ity, n. relax'ative, a. & n. lax'ative, a. & n. LECH-ER, v. (Fr.) to lick, to taste-rel'ish, n. & v. rel'ishable, a. *Latituaznaran, one who thinks and acts at large; one who departs from orthodoxy, or who is free in religious opinions. t Laureation, denotes, in the universities, the act or state of having degrees conferred, as they have in some of them a flowery crown,.in imitation of laurel among the ancients. Laureate, to crown with laurels. $ Laudanum (a cant word from laudo, Lat.) a soporific tincture, Q Lava (Ital.) liquid and vitrified, or sulphureous matter discharged ly vol canoes at the time of their eruption. 11 Lavatory, a wash; something in which parts diseased are washed 11 Laver, a washing vessel. LEC 201 LEG LECHER, (Eng. a luxuria), a lewd or lustful person. lech'er, n. & v. lech'erous, a. lech'erousness, n. lech'ery, n. lech'erously, ad. LEG-O, legatum, v. 1. to send as an ambassador; to leave by will, to bequeath: as, allege', to send on ambassage, (to affirm, to bring as an excuse or proof; to cite or quote.) ab'legate, v. col'leagueship, n. ~leg'atary, or ablega'tion, n. colleg'atary, n. {legatee', n. allege', v. col'lege, n. leg'ate, n, allega'tion, n. col'lege-like, a. lega'tion, n. alleg'er, n. colle'gial, a. leg'ative, a. allege'able, a. collegian, n. legator', n. allege'ment, n. colle'giate, a. & ni misallege', v. alle'giance, n. *del'egacy, n. misallega'tion, n. alle'giant, n. tdel'egate, v. n. & a. rel'egate, v. colleague', v. delega'tion, n. relega'tion, n. colleague, n. tleg'acy, n. uncolle'giate, v. & a. LEG-O, lectum, v. 3. (Xeyw, to say), to gather, to read, to choose: as, collect', to gather together; el'igible, that may be gathered out, or fit to be chosen; elec'tion, the act of choosing or gathering out; lec'ture, the thing read, (a discourse); neglect', not to gather, (to' omit by carelessness); prolegom'ena, introductory observations. llacatalec'tic, n. collec'tively, ad. dialec'tical, a. collect', v. collec'tible, a. dialectici'an, n. collec'tion, n. ~collecta'neous, a. diligence, n. collec'tor, n. ITcollectiti'ous, a. dili'gent, a. collec'torship, n. **di'alect, n. dil'igently, ad. collec'tive, a. ftdialec'tic, a. & n. tleclec'tic, n, & a. * Delegacy, a number of persons sent to act for, or to represent, a public body. t Delegate, one sent to act for another, a deputy, a vicar. t Legacy, a thing left by will. Legatary or Legatee, one who has a legacy left him. 11 Acatalectic, a verse which has the complete number of syllables, without defect or superfluity. If Collectaneous or collectitious, gathered up together,-as notes compiled from various books. ** Dialect, literally, a reading or speaking asunder or apart; the subdivision of a language,-as of the Greek-the Attic, Doric, Ionic, iEolic dialects: style or manner of expression; language or speech. tt Dialectic or dialectical, logical, argumental.'t Eclectic, literally, one who gathers out; one of those ancient philosophers, who. without attaching themselves to any particular sect, gathered out or took from any author or sect, what they judged good. One of a sect in the Chrislian Church, called also modern Platonics, as considering the doctrine of Plato conformable to the spirit and genius of the Christian. One of' a sect of Phy. sicians among the ancients LEG 202 LEG elect', v. a. & n. intellectual'ity, n. neglec'tingly, ad. elec'tion, n. intel'ligence, n. neglec'tion, n. electioneer'ing, a. & n. intel'ligency, n. neglec'tive, a. elec'tive, a. intel'ligencer, n. neg'ligence, n. elec:tively, ad. intel'ligencing, a. neg'ligent, a. elec'tor, n. intel'ligent, a. neg'ligently, ad. elec'toress, n. intel'ligently, ad. predilec'tion, n. elec'toral, a. intelligen'tial, a. pre-elect', v. electoral'ity, n. intel'ligsble, a. pre-elec'tion, n. elec'torate, n. intel'ligibly, ad. prelect', v. el'egance, n. intel'ligibleness, n. prelec'tion, n. el'egancy, n. tlec'tion, n. prelec'tor, n. el'egant, a.. lec'tionary, n. prolegom'enon, n. el'egantly, ad. lec'ture, n. & v. prolegom'ena, n. pl. el'egit, n. lec'turer, n. recollect', v. e'igible, a. lec'tureship, n. recollec'tion, n. eligibil'ity, n. Ille'gend, n. & v. re-elect','v. illeg'ible, a. ~leg'endary, a. & n. re-elec'tion, n. illeg'ibly, ad. leg'ible, a. select', v. & a. illegibil'ity, n. leg'ibly, ad. selec'tedly, ad. indil'igence, n. leg'ibleness, n. selec'tion, n. indil'igent, a. legibil'ity, n. select'ness, n. indil'igently, ad. **le'gion, n. selec'tor, n. inel'egance, n. le'gionary, a. & n. uncollec'ted, a. inel'egancy, n. les'son, n. & v. unelec'ted, a. inel'egant, a. ftlex'icon, n. unel'igible, a. inel'egantly, ad. lexicog'raphy, n. unlec'tured, a. fin'tellect, n. lexicog'raphet, n. unintel'ligent, a. intellec'tion, n. neglect', v. & n. unintel'ligible, a. intellec'tive, a. neglec'ter, n. unintelligibly, ad. intellec'tual, a. & n. neglect'ful, a. unintelligibil'ity, n. intellec'tualist, n. neglect'fully, ad. LEGUMEN, in-is, n. 3. all kind of pulse: as, peas, beans, &c.-leg'ume, or legu'men, n. legu'minous, a. * Elegit, (in law,) a writ, so called. t Intellect, the mind; the power of understanding. f Lection, a reading or lesson; a variety in copies. Q Lectionary, a book containing parts of Scripture, read in churches. 1 Legend, a chronicle or register of the lives of saints; any memorial or relat.on; an incredible, unauthentic narrative; any inscription, particularly on medals or coins.' Legendary, relating to a legend, fabulous, romantic; or, a relator of legends, a book of old histories. ** Legion, a body of men among the Romans, about 5000, chosen for military service; any great number.'+ Lexicon a dictionary; a book teaching the signification of words. LEI 203 LEF LEISURE (Eng. a loisir, Fr.) freedom from business; con venience of time. lei'sure, n. & a. lei'sureable, a. lei'sureably, ad. lei'surely, a. & ad. LEN-Is, a. gentle, soft, mild: as, len'ity, a being mild. le'nient, a. & n. len'iment, n. len'ity, n. len'ify, v. len'itive, a. & n. LENS,* lent-is, f 3. lentil, a kind of pulse. *lens, n. len'tiform, a. len'til, n. lentic'ular, a. LENTIGO, in-is, f. 3. a pimple on the.face. lenti'go, n. lentig'inous, a. LE-o, v. 2. or LIN-O, v. 3. to besmear or daub; to blot: as, indel'eble, that cannot be blotted out. del'eble, or tdelete'rious, or indel'ible, a. del'ible, a. tdel'etery, a. indel'ibly, ad. delete', v. del'etory, n. indelibil'ity, n. dele'tion, n. indel'eble, or LEO, On-is, m. 3. a lion: as, li'only, like a lion. leo, n. ii'on, n. li'on-like, a. le'onine, a. li'oness, n. li'only, a. LEPR-.8, f 1. (Xsega), a loathsome disease, covering the body with white scales: as, lep'er, one infected with a leprosy. lep'er. n. lep'rously, ad. lepros'ity, n. lep'erous, or lep'rousness, n. lep'rosy, n. lep'rous, a. LEPs-Is (Xsle,, ia XatCavw, to take), a taking or receiving. as, analep'tic, receiving or recovering, (comforting.) lacatalep'sia, n. antepilep'tic, a. catalep'sy, n. analep'tic, a. Ocatalep'sis, or catalep'tic, a. *Lens, a piece of glass or other transparent substance of the figure of a lentil, which either collects the rays of light into a point, or disperses them, ace zording to their form and the laws of refraction; such as a burning-glass, or pectacle-glass, or an object-glass of a telescope. The convex lens converges,he rays of light, and the concave disperses the rays. t Deleterious or deletery, blotting from; deadly, destructive, poisonous. I Acatalepsia, impossibdlity of complete recovery.. Catalepsis or catalepsy, the seizing or rttacking of a distemper; a ~'ghter species of apoplexy or epilepsy; a brain distemper. 19-' LEP 204 LEV *dilem'ma, n. $lem'ma, n. Jlprolep'sis, n. tep'ilepsy, n. {metalep'sis, n. ~prolep'tic, or epilep'tic, a. metalep'tic, a. prolep'tical, a. epilep'tical, a. metalep'tically, ad. prolep'tically, ad. LEPUS, or-is, m. 3. a hare-lep'orine, a. LETHE (X~0O), forgetfulness, oblivion: as, leth'argy, the disease causing forgetfulness, (a morbid drowsiness, the sleepy disease.) le'the, n. lelh'argy, n. lethar'gically, ad. lethe'an, a. lethar'gic, a. lethar'gicness, n. le'theed, a. lethar'gical, a. lethar'gicalness, n. LETH-U-tr or LET —Ur, n. 2. death. le'thal, or lethal'ity, n. lethif'erous, a. le'tal, a. L-EUC-os (XAuxoO), white; pale, languid. 4*leucophleg'macy, n. leucophlegmat'ic, a. mesoleu'cys, n. LEVI ('lb, joined; n6, to join, couple, to associate), the third son of Jacob by Leah. ftLe'vite, n. levit'ical, a. levit'ically, ad. LEVIG-0 or LEzVIG-O, v. 1. (ia Levis, a. smooth), to polish. lev'igate, v. & a. leviga'tion, n. Lsv-o, levatum, v. 1. (a levis, a. light), to lift up, to raise. * Dilemma, a taking or receiving in either way; an argument equally conclusive by contrary suppositions; a difficult or doubtful choice; a vexatious alternative. t Epilepsy, literally, the act of seizihg upon, or attacking; a convulsion, or convulsive motion of the whole body, or of some of its parts, with loss of sense. A convulsive motion happens when the blood, or nervous fluid, runs into any part with so great violence that the mind cannot retain them.-Quincy. Lemma, literally, a receiving or taking; a proposition previously assumed. M.etalepsis, a changing or transposition; a continuation of a trope in one word through a succession of significations. II Prolepsis, literally, the act of taking before; a figure in rhetoric, according to which, objections likely to be advanced are answered beforehand; an error in chronology. by which events are dated too early. IT Proleptic is a medical term applied to certain fits of a disease; previous, antecedent. ** Leucophlegmacy, paleness with viscid juices and cold sweatings. fT Levites, the posterity of Levi, were one of the tribes of Israel; and from the great zeal they showed against idolatry in the case of the golden calf,;Exod. xxxii. 26-28), God was pleased to set that whole tribe apart to the office of ministration in his service in the sanctuary, instead of the first-born of Israel, Numb. i. 47-54. iii. 12, 13. chap. viii. 5-26. Aaron and his family were appointed to the office of high priest, Lev. viii. 1 Chron. xxiii. 13. But the Levites were a. lower order of ecclesiastical persons, inferior to the priests, and thei assistants in the sacred service. I Chron xxiii. 26 to the end. LEX 205 LEX as, alle'viate, to make light, (to ease); el'evate, to raise up aloft, (to exalt); relieve', to lift up, (to ease, to succour); lev'y, to raise, or the act of raising money or men. alle'viate, v.' leav'en, n. & v. lift, v. & n. allevia'tion, n. levant', n. & a. lif ter, n. alle'viative, n. *levan'ter, n. lifting, n. el'evate, v. & a. levan'tine, a. Ilrel'evant, a. eleva'tion, n. fleva'tor, n. releva'tion, n. el'evator, n.. lev'ee, n. relieve', v. illev'iable, a.. le'ver, n. relie'ver, n. irrel'evancy, n. leviable, a. relieve'able, a. irrel'evant, a. lev'y, n. & v. relief', n. irrel'evantly, ad. lev'ity, n. subleva'tion, n. irrelieve'able, a. levita'tion, n. [LEX, leg-is, f. 3. a lawv or rule: as, ille'gal, not lawful; law'yer, one who professes or is skilled in law; legisla'tion, the act of giving laws; leg'islator, one who makes laws; legit'imate, legal, genuine, born in marriage. ille'gal, a. law-brea'ker, n. le'galize, v. ille'gally, ad. lawgiv'er, n. leg'islate v. ille'galness, n. lawgiv'ing, a. legisla'tion, n. illegal'ity, n. law'less, a. leg'islative, a. ille'galize, v. law'lessly, ad. leg'islator, n. illegit'imate, a. & n. law'lessness, n. leg'islatress, n. illegit'imately, ad. law'-maker, n. leg'islatorship, n. illegit'imacy, n. law'-monger, n. legisla'ture, n. illegitima.'tion, n. law'yer, n. le'gist, n. law, n. law'yerly, a. Iegit'imacy, n. Iaw'ful, a. le'gal, a. legit'imate, a. & v. law'fully, ad. le'gally, ad. legit'imately, ad. law'fulness, n. legal'ity, n. legit'imateness, n. Levanter, a strong easterly wind; so called by the sailors in the Mediter. lanean; or one who bets at a horse-race, and runs away without paying the wager he has lost. t Levator, a chirurgical instrument, whereby depressed parts of the skull are lifted up. t Levee, the time of rising; or the concourse of those who crowd round a man of power in, a morning. Lever, " the second mechanical power, is a balance supported by a hypo mochlion (hypo, loro, under, and mocklos, toXXog, a lever,-or what supports the iever); only the centre is not in the middle, as in the common balance, hut near one end; for which reason it is used to elevate or raise a great weight, whence comes the name lever."-Harris. II. Relevant, literally, lifting up again; relieving; lending aid; affording some thing to the purpose. IIB 206 LIC legitima'tion, n. sacrilegi'ous, a. sacrilegi'ousness, n,'*priv'ilege, n. & v. sacrilegi'ously, ad. sac'rilegist, n. tsac'rilege, n. LIBER, a. free: as, lib'erate, to free or set free; deliv er to set free, (to save, to give up; to speak.) delib'erate, v. & a. illib'eral, a. libera'tion, n. delib'erately, ad. illib'erally, ad. libera'tor, n. delib'erateness, n. illiberal'ity, n. tlib'ertine, a. & n. delibera'tion, n. indelib'erate, a. lib'ertinage, n. dlib'erative, a. & n. indelib'erated, a. lib'ertinism, n. delib'eratively, ad. lib'eral, a. lib'erty, n. deliv'er, v. lib'erally, ad. redelib'erate, v. deliv'erer, n. liberaI'ity, n. redeliv'er, v. deliv'erance, n. lib'eralize, v. redeliv'ery, n. deliv'ery, n. lib'erate, v. undelib'erated, a. LIBER, libri, m. 2. a book: as, li'brary, a collection of books, or place where books are kept. Ili'bel, n. & v. li'bellous, a. libra'rian, n. li'beller, n. li'brary, n. libra'rianship, n. li'belling, n. LIBIDO, -n-is, f. 3. desire, lust, passion. libid'inqWs, a. libid'inousness, n. unlibid'inous, a. libid'inously, ad. libid'inist, n. LiB-o, v. 1. to taste, to touch gently; to pour out. deli'bate, v. deliba'tion, n. liba'tion, n. LIBR-A,II f. 1. a pound; a balance: as, equilib'rium, equal balance, (equality of weight, of evidence, motives ox powers); li'bral, of. a pound weight. equili'brate, v. equilib'riously, ad. li'bral, a. equilibra'tion, n. equil'ibrist, n. li'brate, v. equilib'rium, n. equilib'rity, n. libra'tion, n. equilib'rious, a. Illi'bra, n. ILICE-o, licitum, v. 2. to be laulful: as, illic'it, not lawful; licen'tious, unrestrained by law or morality; license', to permit by law., * Privilege, a private law, or enjoying the advantage of a private law; a special right or peculiar advantage; immunity, a right not universal. t Sacrilege, the crime of breaking a sacred law;-or profaning sacred things; such as the robbing of a church. Libertine, one unconfined, or at liberty; one who lives without restraint or law, or who pays no regard to the precepts of religion; (in law), a freedman, or rather, the son of a freedman. ~ Libel, literally, a little book or writing; a satire; defamatory wrzting; a lampoon; (in law), a declaration or charge zn writing against a person exhibited t1 court. II Libra, the seventh sign in the Zodiac; the balance LIC 207 LIG illielita. li'censeable, a. licen'tiousness, n. illic'itly, ad. licen'tiate, n. & v. licjit, a. li'cence, or licen'tious, a. lic'itly, ad. li'cense, n. & v. licen'tiously, ad. lic'itness, n. li'censer, n. LIcI-o, licitum, (comp' form of lacio, v. 3. to allure), to draw, to allure: as, elic'it, to draw out, (by labour or art.) allic'iency, n. elic'it, v. & a... elicita'tion, n. allic'ient, n. elic'itate, v. LICTOR, m. 3. an officer or servant who attended on the principal Roman magistrates-lic'tor, n. LID-o, lisum, (comP. form of ledo, v. 3. to hurt, to strike. as, collisi'on, the act of striking together. allisi'on, n. collisi'on, n. elisi'on, n. collide', v. elide', v., LIEU, m. (Fr.) place, room, stead: as, lieuten'ant, one who holds office or rule in place or stead of another. lieu, n. lieuten'ant, n. *pur'lieu, n. lieutenoancy, n. lieuten'antship, n. LlGN-um, n. 2. wood: as, lig'neous, made of wood. lign-al'oes, n. ig'nous, a. lig num-vitte, n. lig'neous, a. LIG-O, ligatum, v. 1. to bind, to tie: as, col igate, to bind together; lig'ature, the thing tied, or act of binding; ob'ligatory, binding. ab'ligate, v. disobliga'tion, n. leagued',,z. al'ligate, v. disob'ligatory, a. lea'guer, n. alliga'tion, n. disobli'ging, a. li'able, a. allig'ature, n. disobli'gingly, ad. li'ableness, n. circumliga'tion, n. disobli'gingness, n. liabil'ity, n. col'ligate, v. irreligi'on, n. liege, a. & n. colliga'tion, n. irreligi'ous, a. liege'man, n. deliga'tion, n. irreligi'ously, ad. tlig'ament, n. disoblige', v. league, n. & v. ligamen'tal, a. * Purliew, literally, a place clear or exempt from the forest. " In Henry TIl' time, the Charta de Forestra (was) established; so that there was much land disafforested, which hath been called pourlieus ever since." -Howell's Lett Hence the grounds on the borders of a forest; border; inclosure; di.stroct. t Ligament, a white and solid body, softer than a cartilage, and harder than a membrane; their chief use is to fasten the bones, which are articulated together for motion, lest they should be dislocated by exercise; any thing that connects; a bond or chain. LIM 208 LIN ligamen'tous, a. oblige', v. obligor', n. ligqa'tion, n. tobligee', n. religi'on, n. lig'ature, n. obli'ger, n. religi'onist, n. ob'ligate, v. oblige'ment, n. religi'ous, a. obligation, n. obli'ging, a. relii'ously, ad. -obliga'to, n. obli'gingly, ad. religi'ousness, n. ob'ligatory, a. obli'gingness, n. LIMB- US, m. 2. a border or margin-Vlim'bo, or lim'bus, n. LIMEN, ~n-is, n. 3. a threshold; an entrance or beginning elim'inate, v. inlimine, ad. prelim'inary, a. & n. elimina'tion, n. LrIMES, ~t-is, m. 3. a path; a limit or boundary: as, illim'itable, that cannot be bounded or limited. illim'itable, a. lim'it, n. & v.'imita'tion, n. illim itably, ad. lim'ited, a. lim'itless, a. illim'ited, a. lim'itedly, ad. unlim'itable, a. illim'itedness, n. lim'iter, n. unlim'ited, a. illimita'tion, n. lim'itary, a. unlim'itedly, ad. LIMPID-US, a. clear, pure, transparent. lim'pid, a. limpidness, n. lim'pitude, n. LINE-,A, f. 1. a line: as, delin'eate, to make lines down, (to-sketch, to paint, to describe)'; lin'eage, the line or race of a family, ascending or descending. curvilin'ear, a. line, n. out'line, n. delin'eate, v. lin'eal, a. predelinea'tion, n. delinea'tion, n. lin'eally, ad. rectilin'ear, a. delin'earment, n. lin'eament, n. rectilin'eous, a. interline', v. lin'ear, a. sublinea'tion, n. interli'ning, n. linea'tion, n. tralin'eate, v. interlinea'tion, n. lin'eage, n. underline', v. interlin'ear, a. multilin'eal, a. unlin'eal, a. interlin'eary, a. & n. LINGU-A, f. 1. the tongue; a language: as, lingua'cious, full of tongue; ling'uist, one skilled in languages. biling'uous, a. hand-lan'guage, n. lin'go, n. k Obligato (Ital.) a musical term, signifying necessary, on purpose, for the instrument named. t Obligee, a person to whom another, called the obligor, is bound by a legal or written contract.-See Cowel. f Limbo or Limbus, (" Eo quod sit limbus inferorum,"-Du Cange; that is, as f the frontier or margin of the other world), a region bordering upon hell, in which there is neither pleasure nor paini popularly hell; any place of mzsery q ld restraint. n I, 1Imine, in the threskold or outset; before any thing is said or done. LIN 209 LIR lan'guage, n. lingua'cious, n. ling'uist, n. lan'guaged, a. linguaden'tal, a. subling'ual, a. *lan'guet, n. LINQU-O, lictum, v. 3. to leave, to forsake: as, delinq'uenf, one who rforsakes or fails in duty, (an offender.) delinq'uency, n. derelic'tion, n.. relin'quishment,'z delinq'uent, n. rel'ict, n. zelin'quisher, in. der'elict, a. relin'quish, v. relin'quishing, n LI-os (Xseo.g), smooth;, soft- li'entery, a. lienter'ic, a. LIP-o (Xs,arw), to leave out; to fail: as, ellip'sis, (in rhet.) something left out, (in geom.) an oval figure. teclipse', n. & v. ellip'tic, a. lipoth'ymy, n. ~eclip'tic, a. ellip'tical, a. lipothymous, a. tellip'sis, n. ellip'tically, ad. LtuQE-o, v. 2. to melt, to be liquid or clear: as, col'/iquate, to melt, (to turn from solid to fluid), liq'uefy, to melt or grow liquid. colliq'uable, a. eliqua'tion, n. liq'uor, n. & v. colliq'uament, n. liq'uable, a. II liqueur', n. col'liquant, a. liq'uate, v. liq'uid, a. & n. col'liqetate, v. liqua'tion, n. liq'uidate, v. colliqua'tion, n. liq'uefy, v. liquida'tion, n. colliq'uative, a. liquefac'tion, n. liq'uidness, n. colliquefac'tion, n. liq'uefiable, a. liquid'ity, n. deliq'uate, v. liques'cent, a. unliq'uiified, a. deliqua'tion, n. liques'cency, n. Lta-a, f. 1. a furrow or ridge of land: as, delirio-ls, from or out of the furrow, (doting, raving.) delir'ate, v. delira'tion, n. delir'ament, n. * Languet, any thing cut in the foim of a tongue. t Eclipse, a leaving or putting out; an obscuration of the luminaries of heaven; the sun is eclipsed by the intervention of the moon; the moon by the interposition of the earth;-darkness or obscuration. t Ecliptic, literally, a leaving or going out; a great circle of the sphere, in which t.he sun performs his apparent annual motion. It is. supposed to be drawn through the middle of the Zodiac, and makes an angle with the equinoctial in the points of Aries and Libra, of nearly 230 30', which is called the obliquity of the ecliptic. ~ Lipothymy, a leaving off, or failing the soul or heart, a swoon'or faint. ing fit. II Liqueur, a draught of some spiritous and high-flavoured liqluid, used by those-whose gentility recoils at the vulgar phrase-a dram LIS 210 LIV delir'ancy, n. delir'ious, a.. delir'iousness, n. delir'ium, n.,Ls, lit-is, f. 3. strife; a law-suit: as, lit'igate, to contest in law; litigi'ous, given to law-suits. delit'igate, v. lit'igate, v. litigi'ously, ad. delitiga'tion, n. litiga'tion, n. litigi'ousness, n. iit'igant, n. & a. litigi'ous, a. LITAN-LI (XIav1a), prayer, supplication-lit'any, n. LITER-.A, f. 1. a letter: as, lit'erature, learning or skill in letters; litera'ti, the learned; oblit'erate, to put letters out, (to efface any thing written.) allitera'tion, n. let'tered, a. lit'erary, a. allit'erative, a. let'te-founder, n. lit'erate, a. illit'eracy, n. let'terpress, n. litera'ti, n. illit'eral, a. lit'eral, a. lit'erature, n. illit'erate, a. lit'erally, ad. lit'erator, n. illit'erateness, n. lit'eralism, n. oblit'erate, v. illit'erature, n. lit'eralist, n. oblitera'tion, n. let'ter, n. & v. literal'ity, n. LITH-OS (?X,0o), a stone: as, lithot'omy, the art or practice of cutting for the stone. *a'erolite, n. lithograph'ic, a. lithot'omy, n. flith'arge, n. lith'omancy, n. lithot'omist, n. lithog'raphy, n. lithontrip'tic, a. lith'ic, a. lithog'rapher, n. L1T-OS (Xs;o05), public c- +it'urgy, n. litur'gic, a. litur'gical,a. [ITT-US, or-is, n. 3. the shore-lit'toral, a. LIVID-Us, a. black and blue-liv'id, a. Iiv'idness, n. livid'ity,n. LIVR-ER, v. (Fr.) to give or deliver up: as, deliv'ery, the act of giving or delivering up. deliv'er; v. deliv'ery, n. redeliv'er, v. deliv'erer, n. 9liv'ery, n. & v. redeliv'ery, n. deliv'erance, n. liv'eryman, n. * Aerolite, a stone, it is said, that falls from the air or atmosphere. t Litharge, properly, lead in a semivitreous state, gathered from silver ore when purifying, or otherwise prepared; a white metal compounded of read and silver. i Liturgy, form of prayers; formulary of public devotions. ~ Livery, the act ofgivingpossession: tLivery and seison is delivery and possession;)Ieleasefromnwardslhip;the writ by whichpossession is obtained.'T'he ciot hes given to servants, from the scarfs or ribbands of chosen colours; given LIX 211 LOG LIxlvi-u~, n. 2. lye-; uwater impregnated with salt (f any kind-lixiv'iumn, n. lixiv'ial, a. ixiv'iate, a. lixivia'tion, n. Lix-'s, (comP' form of laxus), loose; long. (See Laxus.) Loc-us, m. 2. a place: as, col'locate, to place together; dis'locate, to put out of place or joint; lo'cal, relating to place. ab locate, v. interloca'tion, n. lo'cate, v. ableca'tion, n. dislocate, v. loca'tion, n. alloca'tion, n. disloca'tion, n. locomno'tion, n. col'locate, v. & a. lo'cal, a. locomo'tive, a. colloca'tion, n. lo'cally, ad. locomotiv'ity, n. eloca'tion, n. local'ity, n. transloca'tion, n. LocusT-s, f. 1. a locust, a devouring in sect —lo'cust, n. LoG-os (Xhoos, Xeeyw, to speak), reason, a word, a speech, a discourse, science or knowledge: as, anthol'ogy, a collection of flowers or poems; apol'ogy, defence, excuse; asthenol'ogy, a discourse on weakness; di'alogue, a discourse between two (or more); entomol'ogy, a discourse on insects; log'ic, the art of reasoning. by the ladies of old to knights. " To such (knights) as were victorious, prizes were awarded by the judges, and presented by the hands of ladies,-with ribbands, or scarfs, of chosen colours, called liveries. Those liveries are the ladies' favours spoken of in romance; and appear to have been the origin of the rib. bands which still distinguish so many orders of knighthood."- Brydson's'Simmary of Heraldry. From the old cavaliers wearing the livery of their nistresses, the custom of people of quality making their servants wear'a livery, to denote service, is supposed to be derived,-hence a particular dress; a garb worn as a token or consequence of any thing. Livery, in former days, thus seems also to have been used fbr a cockade. Livery, in London, denotes the collective body of liverymen, or the freemen of a company.-Johnson's Diet. by Todd. * Locust, signifies, "((L) a certain vile insect. Their nature is to be together, therefore vast multitudes are resembled by them, Nah. iii. 15. In Arabia, and other countries that are infested by them, they come in vast numbers upon their corn when ripe, and what they do not eat, they infect with their touch and their moisture coming from them; and afterwards dying in great numbers, they poison the air, and cause a pestilence. God plagued the Egyptians, by sending swarms of them into their land, Exod. x. 12-19. (2.) Either a large sort of grasshoppers, or a kind of green herb, Lev. xi. 22. Matth. iii. 4. (3.) Authors or teachers of false doctrine, who infect others by instilling their'poisonous doctrines into them, Rev. ix. 3-11." —Cruden's Scrip. Concordance. "The Hebrews had several sorts of locusts, which are not known among us: the old historians and modern travellers remark, that locusts are very numerous in Africa, and many places of Asia; that sometimes they fall like a cloud upon the country, and eat up every thing they meet with. Moses describes four sorts of locusts, (Lev. xi. 21, 22.) Since there was a prohibition against using locusts. it is not to be questioned but that- these creatures were commonly eaten m Palestine and the neighbouring countries."-Calmet. 20 LOG 212 LOG kambil'ogy, n. asthenol'ogy, n. demonol'ogy, n. amphibol'ogy, n. ~astrol'ogy, n. dendrol'ogy, n. amphibolog'ical, a. astrol'oger, n. dendrol'ogist n. amphibolog'ically, ad. astrolo'gian, n. di'alogise, v. amphil'ogy, n. astrolog'ical, a. di'alogism, n [anal'ogy, n. **astro-theol'ogy, n. di'alogist, n. analog'ical, a. atheolo'gian, n. dialogis'tical, a. analog'ically, ad. tffbattol'ogy, n. dialogis'tically, ad. analog'icalness, n. battol'ogist, n. di'alogue, n. anal'ogize, v. battol'ogize, v. di'alogue-writer, n. anal'ogous, a. botanol'ogy, n. fttdoxol'ogy, n. anal'ogism, n. botanol'ogist, n. doxolog'ical, a. angiol'ogy, n.:icat'alogue, n. & v.::tec'logue, n. anthol'ogy, n. Q{cnirol'ogy, n. ~el'oge, n. anthoiog'ical, a. chronol'ogy, n. el'ogist, n. lantil'ogy, n. chronol'oger, n. el'ogy, n. antilog'arithms, n. chronol'ogist, n. enterol'ogy, n. apol'ogy, n. chronolog'ic, a. entomol'ogy, n. apologet'ic, a. chronolog'ical, a. entomolog'ical, a. apologet'ical, a. conchol'ogy, n. entomol'ogist, n. apol'ogist, n. Illlcraniol'ogy, n. Illlllep'ilogue, n. apoltogize, v. ~~cryptol'ogy, n. epil'ogize, v. apol'ogizer, n. dactylol'ogy, n. T~~~Tepil'ogism, n. Oap'ologue, n. ***dec'alognle, n. epilogis'tic, a. Ilaretol'ogy, n. dec'alogist, n. ****ethol'ogy, n. * Ambilogy, amphilogy, or amphibology, discourse of uncertain meaning. t Analogy, literally, a speaking again, an answering to, or.agreeing with; the similitude of relation or resemblance between things with regard to some circum. stances or effects; as, learning is said to enlighten the mind. Thus, learning has the same relation to mind which light has to the eye; hence, analogically learning is said to enlighten the mind. I Antilogy, a contradiction between any words and passages in an author. N Apologue, an allegorical discourse, contrived to teach some moral truth. 11 Aretology, (ab apsry/, arete, virtue,) that part of moral philosophy which treats ctfvirtue, its nature, and the means of arriving at it. ~t Astrology, the practice of foretelling things by the knowledge of the stars, — an art now generally exploded as irrational and false. ** Astro-theology, divinity fbunded on the observation of the celestial bodies. ff Battology, (a farros, Battus, who made long hymns, consisting of' many lines, full of tautologies,) or Polylogy, denotes a multiplicity of words, or often repeating one and the same thing. t; Catalogue, a list of books or things one after the other. ~t Chirology or Dactylology, the art of talking or conversing with the hands:r uingers 111 Craniology, the science of the skull, or of cerebral pathology ~~ Cryptology, literally, secret science; enigmatically, language. A** Decalogue, the ten commandments given by God to Moses on Mount Sinai tti Doxology, a form of giving glory to God. tti Eclogue, a pastoral poem,-because Virgil called his pastorals eclogues. 4G Eloge, a funeral oration, a panegyric on the dead.!!lil Epilogue, a speech upon, or concl'usion of a discourse; the poem or speeck.t the end of a play. ~FTT~~ Epilogism, computation, enurneratoan }*** Ethology, science of morals. LOG 213 LOG etholog'ical, a. genealog'ical, a. horologiog'raphy, n. *etiol'ogy, n. genealogist, n. horologiograph'ic, a. ftetymol'ogy, n. Ogenethlial'ogy, n. hydrol'ogy, n. etymolog'ical, a. Ilgeol'ogy, n. t:hymnol'ogy, n. etymolog'ically, ad. geolog'ical, a. illog'ical, a. etymol'oger, n. geologist, n. illog'ically, ad. etymologist, n. gnomol'ogy, n. illog'icalness, n. etymol'ogize, v. gnomolog'ic, a. ichthyol'ogy, n. teuchol'ogy, n. gnomolog'ical, a. ichthyol'ogist, n. eu'logy, or helminthol'ogy, n. hblog'arithms, n. eulo'g'ium, n. hierol'ogy, n. 111llog'ic, n. eulogqical, a. ~historiol'ogy, n. log'ical, a. eulog'ically, ad. homol'ogous, a. log'ically, ad. eu'logize, v. **hor'ologe, n. logici'an, n. geneal'ogy, n. fthorol'ogy, n. log'ogriphe, n. * Etiology, (ab alrta, cause, reason), an account of the causes or reasons of any thing, generally of a distemper. t Etymology. (See page 127.) t Euchology, a formulary of prayers. WGenethlialogy, literally, natal rites; a species of divination practised by those who pretended to foretell, at the moment of birth, what would happen to a child during the whole course of its life. II Geology, the science which treats of the structure of the earth, or of the different minerals, stones, earths, &c'. which enter into its composition, and the manner in which they are disposed in regard to each other. ~ Histoiology, knowledge or explanation of history. ** Horologe, an instrument that indicates the hour of the day. But chronometer is now generally used. tt Hlorology, the. art of constructing horologes, or machines for measuring and indicating portions of time, —as clocks, watches, &c. $t ftymnology, a collection of hymns. " Logarithms, which are the indexes of the ratios of numbers one to another, were first invented by Napier Lord Merchiston, (of Merchiston- castle near Edinburgh,) a Scottish baron, and afterwards completed by Mr. Briggs, Savilian professor at Oxford. They are a series of artificial numbers, contrived for the expedition of calculation, and proceeding in an arithmetical proportion, as th9 numbers they answer to, do in a geometrical one: for instance, 01 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512. Where the numbers above, beginning with (0), and arithmetically proportional, are logarithms. The addition and subtraction of logarithms, answers to the multiplication and divzsion of the numbers they correspond with; and this saves an infinite deal of trouble. In like manner will the extraction of roots be performed, by dissecting the logarithms of any numbers for the square root, and trisecttng them for the cube, a-hd so orn " —Hawis. 1111 Logic, the art of reasoning, or the art which teaches the right use of reason, and treats of the several operations of the mind which are employed in argumentation or reasoning, as memory, conception, abstraction, imagination, judgi ment, reason, or understanding; also, consciousness, pcrception, attestion. ass(. ciation of ideas; all these are called the mental or intellectual facldties or powers of man. Logfic is so called, because thinking is onlly an inward menteal discourse, wherein the mind converses with itself. Logic, one of the sewven sciences.'See foot-note on philologyq. page 214.) -LOG 214 LOG *logom'achy, n. -{neol'ogy, n. ~~pITpathol'ogy, n. tmacrol'ogy,.n. neolo'gian, n. patholqg'ical, a.:mantol'ogy, n. neol'ogist, n. path.ol'ogist, n. mar'tyrologe, or neol'ogism, n. petrology, n. rnartyrol'ogy, n. neolog'ical, a. **5**pharmacol'ogy, n. martyrolog'ical, a. Illlneurol'ogy, n. pharmacologist, n. martyrol'ogist, n. ~~nosol'ogy, n. ttttphilol'ogy, n. Ilmenol'ogy, n. ***ontOllogy, n. philol'oger, n. ~meteorol'ogy, n. ontol!ogist, n. philol'ogist, n. meteorol'ogist, n. ontolog'ical, a. philolog'ic, a, meteorolog'ical, a. ornithol'ogy, n. philolog'ical, a. mineral'ogy, n.' ornithol'ogist, rn. philol'ogize, v. mineral'ogist, n. ftitosteol'ogy, n. philol'ogus, n. 5*mon'ologue, n. osteolog'ical, n. ttt;phraseol'ogy, n. myol'ogy, n. osteol'ogist, a. phraseolog'ical, a. jtfmythol'ogy, n.:ttpantalo'gia, n. Q~ phrenol'ogy, n. mythol'ogist, n. {]paradoxol'ogy, n. phrenolog'ical, a. mytholog'ical, a. Illlllparal'ogy, n. phrenol'ogist, n. mythol'ogize, v. paral'ogism, n. Illlllllphysicotheol'ogy,r. t:necrol'ogy, n. paral'ogize, v. T~~~~physiol'ogy, n. * Logomachy, a contention in or about words. t Macrology, long and tedious talk without matter; in rhetoric, a redundant or too copious style. t Mantology, a discourse on prophecy ~ Martyrology or Martyrologe, a catalogue or register of martyrs. II Menology, register of mopths. ~I Meteorology, the doctrine of meteors. ** Monologue, a scene in which a person of the drama speaks by himself; a soliloquy. ft Mythology, system of fables; explanation of the fabulous history of the gods of the heathen world, or of the heathen divinities.' %Necrology, an account of persons deceased. ~ Neology, invention or use of new words and phrases; or a new application of old words. 11ll Neurology, a discourse on, or description of the nerves. iIaF Nosology, doctrine of diseases. *** Ontology, a discourse on beings in general; the science of the affections of being in general-metaphysics. ftt Osteology, a description of the bones. ttf Pantdlogia, a collection of all the words in a language. ~.~~ Paradoxology, the use of paradoxes or opinios apparently absurd or con. tradictory, although sometimes true in fact. IllIll Paralogy or Paralogism, false reasoning, a false argument. ~T~~[1 Pathology, that branch of medicine which explains the symptoms of diseases. **** Pharmacology, the knowledge of drugs and medicines. ttt Philology, the science or study of language; criticism; grammatical learning; also an assemblage of sciences, consisting of grammear, rhetoric, logic, poetry, antiquities, history, and criticism, called by the French Belles-Lettres. $ttf Phraseology, a mode of speech; style, diction..%.Phrenology, literally, the science of mind, or of cerebral pathology; a newly invented science, which professes to teach, from the conformation of the human skull, the particular characters and propensities of men, presuming that the faculties and operations of the human mind have their particular seat in sertain parts of the brain, and are to be traced by particular external marks.:1111111 Phytsico-theology, divinity enforced or illustrated by natural philosophy. ~~~~ Pkhy.siotigy, the doctrine of the constitution of the wturo, of nature. LON 215 LOQ physiol'ogist, n. lpseudol'ogy, n. tautolog'ical, a, physiological, a. Ilpsychol'ogy, n. }{technol'ogy, n. physiol'oger, n. psycholog'ic, a. technolog'ical, a. *phytol'ogy, n. psycholog'ical, a. fitheol'ogy, n. phytolog'ical, a Tsomatol'ogy, n. theolo'gian, n. phytol'ogist, n. i*syl'logism, n. theol'ogist, or tpneumatol'ogy, n. syl'logize, v. the'ologue, n. polyl'ogy, n. syllogis'tic, a. theolog'ical, a. potamol'ogy, n. syllogis'tical, a. theolog'ically, ad. tprol'ogue, n. syllogis'tically, ad. 11llzool'ogy, n. prol'ogize, v. Tttautol'ogy, n. unanalog'ical, a. prosyl'logism, n. tautol'ogist, n. LJONG-Us, a. long: as, longim'anous, having long hands: lon'gitude, a being long, (length); ob'long, longer than broad. elong', or longim'etry, n. longsuf'fering,a. & n. elon'gate, v. ***longin'quity, n. long'ways, ad. elonga'tion, n. long'ish, a. longwind'ed, a. long, a. lon'gitude, n. ob'long, a. long'ly, ad. longitu'dinal, a. ob'longly, ad. long'ness, n. longlived', a. ob'longness, n. 7~lTonganirn'ity, n. longshan'ked, a. overlong', d. longev'ity, n. long'some, a. prolong', v. longe'val, a. long'spun, a. prolonga'tion, n. longe'vous, a. long'tongued, a. prolon'ger, n. longim'anous, a. long'sufferer, n. LoQU-oR, locutus, v. dep. 3. to speak: as, al'loquy, a speaking to, (address); col'loquy, a speaking together, (talk); el'oquence, a speaking out, (the power of speaking with fluency and elegance); loqua'cious, full of talk c: tongue; ob'loquy, a speaking against, (blame.) al'loquy, n. allocu'tion, n. altil'oquence, n. * Phytology, the doctrine of plants; botanical discourse. t Pneumatology, the doctrine of spiritual existence. t Prologue, preface, introduction to any discourse or performance; a speech made at the commencement of a play-the opposite to epilogue. 6 Pseudology, falsehood of speech. 11 Psychology, a treatise or discourse on the soul; an inquiry into the nature and properties of the soul.'r Somatology, the doctrine of bodies. ** Syllogism, literally reasoning with or together; artificial reasoning; an aro'ument composed of three propositions or reasons; as, every man thinks, Peter ts a man, therefore Peter thinks. It'autology, repetition of the same words, or of the same sense in different words. t Technology, the description or discourse upon arts i Theology, divinity, or study of Go;d. 111i Zoology, a treatise or discourse on animals or living creatures. ~~ Longanimity, length of mind, forbearance. * Longinquity, remoteness, not nearness' 2Oa LOY 216 LUC *amrnbil'oquy, n. el'oquence, n. ob'loquy, n. ambil'oquous, a. el'oquent, a. oblo'quious, a. J'antil'oquy, n. el'oquently, ad. {paucil'oquy, n. antil'oquist, n. grandiloquence, n. Ilproloc'utor, n. tcentil'oquy, n. grandil'oquous, a. proloc'utorship, n. circumlocu'tion, n. interlocu'tion, n. ~solil'oquy, n. circumloc'utory, a. interloc'utor, n. solil'oquize, v. col'loquy, n. interloc'utory, a. *"stultil'oquy, n. collo'quial, a. locu'tion, n. stultil'oquence, n. col'loquist, n. loquac'ity, n. ttventril'oquy, n. collocu'tion, n. loqua'cious, a. ventril'oquism, n. colloc'utor, n. magnil'oquous, a. ventril'oquist, n. elocu'tion, n. multil'oquous, a. ventril'oquous, a. el'ocutive, a. Io~ or Loi, f. (Fr.) law: as, loy'al relating to law, (obedient, true to a prince or lover.)-disloy'al, a. disloy'ally, ad. loy'al, a. loy'alty, n. disloy'alty, n. loy'ally, ad. loy'alist, n. IoRIaC-, f 1. (a lorum, n. 2. a thong), a coat of mail, originally made of raw hides-lor'icate, v. lorica'tion, n. Lox-os (XAo0o), oblique: as, loxodrom'ic, the art of oblique sailing. LUBRIC- US, a. slippery, smooth; inconstant: as, lu'bricate, to make smooth or slippery. lu'bricate, v. ltt'bric, a. lubrifac'tion, n. Iubrica'tor, n. lubric'ity, n. lubrifica'tion, n. lubric'itate, v. lu'bricous, a. LUc-Eo, v. 2. (a lux, lucis, f 3. light), to shine: as, elu'cidate, to make shine out, or to clear, (to explain); lu'cid, shining; nodtil'ucou's, shining in the night. antelu'can, a. elu'cidative, a. lu'cent, a. elu'cidate, v. elu'cidator, n. lu'cid, a. elucida'tion, n. interlu'cent, a. lu'cidness, n. *Ambiloquy, doubtful or ambiguous discourse. t. Antiloquy, a speaking against; contradiction. Centiloquy, a hundredfold discourse. 5 Pauciloquy, a speaking little, or sparing and rare speech. 1I Prolocutor, the foreman; the speaker of a convocation. ~ Soliloquy, a speaking to one's-self alone, or a discourse made by one in soliulde to himself. * Stultiloquy or stultiloquence, fbolish talk or discourse. tt Ventriloquy or ventriloquism, a speaking inwardly in the upper part of the mouth and throat, so that the sound seems to issue from the belly; the art of forming speech, by drawing the air into the lungs, so that the voice, proceeding out of the thorax, to a by-stander, seems to come from some distance, or in any direction.-Chambers LUC 217 LUD lucid'ity, n. lu'ciform, a. noctil'ucouls, a'Lu'cifer, n. lu'culent, a. relu'cent, a. tlucife'rian, a. pellu'cid, a. semipellu'cid, ac lucif'erous, a. pellu'cidness, n. translu'cency, in. lucif'erously, ad. pellucid'ity, n. translu'cent, a, lucif'ic, a. noctil'uca, n. translu'cid, a. LUCR-uM, n. 2. gain, profit: as, lu'crative, gainful. lu'cre, n. lu'crative, a. lucrif'erous, a. lucrif'ic, a. LUCT-oR, luctatus, v. dep. 1. to struggle: as, oblucta'tion, a struggling against; reluc'tant, struggling back or against, (unwilling.) collucta'tion, n; oblucta'tion, n. reluc'tance, n. elucta'tion, n. reluct, or reluc'tancy, n. ineluc'table, a. reluc'tate, v. reluc'tant, a. lucta'tion, n. relucta'tion, n. reluc'tantly, ad. LUCUBR-o, v. 1. to study or work by candle light. lu'cubrate, v. lucubra'tion, n. lu'cubratory, a. LUD-o, lusum, v. 3. (a ludus, m. 2. play), to play; to deceive: as, allude', to play to, (to hint at, to insinuate); collu'sive, playing or acting together in a fraud; delude', to cheat, to deceive; illu'sive, playing upon or deceiving by false show; lu'dicrous, exciting laughter allude', v. delu'der, n. inelu'dible, a. allu'sion, n. delu'dable, a. ludib'rious, a. allu'sive, a. delu'sion, n. lu'dicrous, a. allu'sively, ad. delu'sive, a. lu'dicrously, ad. allu'siveness, n. delu'sory, a. lu'dicrousness, n. allu'sory, a. elude', v. ludifica'tion, n. collude'+ V. elu'dible, a. ludif'icatory, a. collu'der, n. elu'sion, n. luso'rious, a. tcollu'sion, n. elu'sive, a. lu'sory, a, collu'ding, a. elu'sory, a. prel'ude, n. collu'sive, a. illude', v. prelude', v. collu'sively, ad. illu'sion, n. prelu'der, n. collu'siveness, n. illu'sive, a. prelu'dious, a. collu'sory, a. illu'sively, ad. prelu'sive, a. delude', v. illu'siveness, n.. prelu'sory, a. delu'ding, a. illu'sory, a. prolu'sion, n. * Lucifer, literally, light bearing; the chief of the devils, or prince of the air the morning or day star; the planet Venus, when it rises before the sun. t Luciferian, like or belonging to Lucifer; proud, haughty, arrogant, devilish. Ct ollusion, is, in our common law, a deceitful agreement or compact between two or more, for the one part to bring an action against the other to solne evsl purpose; as to defraud a third of his right.-Cowet. LUG 218 LUO LuGt BR-IS, a. (a lugeo, v. 2. to mourn), mournful. luc'tual, a. lugu'brious, a.,LUMBRIC-US, m. 2. an earth-worm — lum'brical, a. LurMB-US, m. 2. the loin —tlumba'go, n. lum'bal, or lum bar, a. LTJMEN, in-is, n. 3. (a lux), light: as, illume','illumzne, or illuminate, to shine on, or put light in; lu'minary, a body or thing that gives light. tallu'minor, n. illu'minator, n. lu'minously, ad. illume', v. lu'mine, v. luminousness, n. illu'mine, v. lu'minate, v. relume', v. illu'minate,v. a. & n. lu'minary, n. relu'mine, v. illumina'tion, n. lumina'tion, n. trilu'minar, or illuminative, a. lu'minous, a. trilu'minous, a. LUN-A, f 1. (a luceo), the moon: as, lu'nacy, a disease or madness influenced by the moon; sub'lunary, under the moon, (of this world.) interlu'nar, or lu'nary, a. plenilu'nary, a interlu'nary, a. lu'nated, a. semilu'nar, or lu'nacy, n. Olune, n. semilu'nary, a. Iu'natic, a. & n. Illu'net, n. sublu'nar, or luna'tion, n. ~lunette', n. sub'lunary, a. lu'nar, or luniso'lar, a. superlu'nar, a. Lu-o, lutum, v. 3. to wash away, or purge: as, allu'vial, washing to,-as a river with its brink carrying the particles to another place; elute', to wash off. ab'luent, a. allu'vion, n. dilu'tion, n. *Hablu'tion, n. allu'vious, a. dilu'ter, n. allu'vial, a. ttdilute', v. dil'uent, a. & n. * Lumbrical, in anatomy, denoting muscles of the hands and feet, which, on account of their smallness and figure, have derived this name of resemblance to worms. t Lumbago, in anatomy, are pains very troublesome about the loins and small of the back, such as precede ague fits and fevers; they are most commonly from fulness and acrimony, in common with a disposition to.yawnings, shutd. derings, and erratic pains in other parts, and go off with evacuation, generally by sweat and other critical discharges of fevers.-Quincy. t Alluminor, one who colours or paints upon paper or parchment; so called, because he gives graces, light, and ornament, to the letters or figures coloured. 9 Lune, any thing in the shape of a half-moon; fit of lunacy or frenzy. 1I Lunet, a little moon. V~ Lunette, a small half:moon. ** Ablution, the act of washing from; the water used in washing; the rinsing of chymical preparations in water, to dissolve and wash anuay any acrimonious particles; the cup given without consecration to the laity in the Popish churches. it Dilute, literally, to wash asunder, to make thin or weak by the admixtlure of tether parts. LUP 219 LUX elute', v. tpollute!, v. & a. pollu'tedness, n *elb'triate, v. pollu'ter, n. pollu'tion, n. interlu'ency, n, pollu'tedly, ad. unpollu'ted, a. ILup-us, m. 2. a wolf-lu'pine, a. LURE for LEURRE, m. (Fr.) any thing that entices, a decoy, as, al'lure, to entice to-allure', v. allu'rer, n. alZutring, n. & a. allu'ringness, n. allure'ment, n. allu'ringly, ad. lure, n. & v. LUSTR —UM, n. 2. a survey made every four years; a purijying sacrifice: as, illustrate, to brighten with light or honour, (to explain or elucidate.) illus'trate, v. illus'triously, ad. llus'trate, v. illustra'tion, n. illus'triousness, n. lustra'tion, n. illus'trative, a. Ilute'string, or lus'tre, n. & v. illus'tratively, ad. lus'tring, n. lus'trous, a. illus'trator, n. lus'trurn, n. outlus'tre, v. illus'trious, a. lus'tral, a. perlustra'tion, n. LUTHER,II m. 2. the great German reformer. IlLu'theran, n. & a. Lu'theranism, or Lu'therism, n. LUT-UJII, n. 2. clay, mud: as, lute, chemists' clay. lute, n. & v. iuta'rious, a,. luta'tion, n. lu'tulent, a., LuxURI-.s, f. 1. luxury, excess in carnal pleasure. illuxu'rious, a. lus'cious, a. lus'ciously, ad. * Elutriate, to strain out; to decant. t Pollute (either from per and luo; or per and lues, f. 3. a contagious disease or plague), to make unclean, in a religious sense; to defile; to taznt with guilt; to corrupt morally or physically. I Lutestring or I ustring, a shining silk. $ Lustrate, to purify by sacrfce, as the censors did the city Rome, at the end of every four years, or rather fifty months, by going round taking an account or census of the citizens, and concluding the solemnity by sacrificing a son, a sheep. and a bull, to appease the gods, and purge the city. -11 Mlartin Luther, the leader of the Reformation of the sixteenth century, in Germany, was born in 1483, at Eisleben, in Saxony, of parents in hum. ble circumstances; at the early age of twenty years he obtained the degree of M.A. at the university of Erfurt, shortly after he retired from the world into a convent of the Augustinian friars (one of the mendicant orders,) and assumed their/habit. Having found a copy of the Bible in the library of his monastery, he studied it with much assiduity and increased his reputa. tion for sanctity so much, that he was chosen professor of philosophy and theology at Wittemberg, on the Elbe, where Frederic, Elector of Saxony. had founded a university. In 1517 he openly attacked the Church of Rorne and continued to war against it until his death in 1546. LYC 220 MAC lus'ciousness, n. luxu'riant, a. luxu'rious, a. lux'ury, n. luxu'riant]y, ad. luxu'riously, ad. lu ru'riance, n. luxu'riate, v. luxu'riousness, n. luxu'riancy, n. LYC-os (Xuxo;), the wolf-*lycan'thropy, n. I.YMRPH-S, f. 1. Mater; a thin transparent fluid circulat ing in the animal body. lymph, n. tlymphat'ic, n. & a. tlymph'educt, n. LYR-E, f 1. lyre or harp-lyre, n. ly'rist, n. lyr'ic, a. lyr'ical,a. 1,Ys-Is (xu1)g, a Xuw, to loose, to solve), a loosing, or untying; a solution: as, anal'ysis, a loosing or separating again a compound. antiparalytic, a. Ocatal'ysis, n. paralyt'ical, or tanal'ysis, n. lldial'ysis, n. pals'ical, a. analyt'ical, a. Lysanias, n. pal'sied, a. analytically, ad. Lys'tra, n. paralyt'ic, a. & n. anal'yze, v. ~1paral'ysis, or par'alyze, v. analyzer, n. pal'sy, n. & v. M. MACE-o, V. 2. to be lean or thin: as, ema'ciate, to waste, to pine; mac'erate, to make lean, to wear away. ema'ciate, v. & a. macera'tion, n. mea'gerly, ad. cmacia'tion, n. mea'gre, or mea'gerness, n. mac'erate, v. mea'ger, a. & v. * Lycanthropy, a species of madness, in which men have the qualities of a wolf or wild beasts. t The lymphatics are slender pellucid tubes, whose cavities are contracted at small and unequal distances; they are carried into the glands of the mesentery, eceiving first a irst a fine thin lymph from the lymphatic ducts, which dilutes the chylous fluid.-Cheyne's Phil. Principles. Lymphatic denotes also a lunatic or matdman. t Lympheduct, a vessel which conveys the lymph. Analysis, a solution of any thing, whether corporeal or mental, to its first elements; as of a sentence to the single words; of a compound word to the etymon or root, prefix, and aftix or termination, which form it; of a tune, to single notes; of an argument, to simple propositions. 9 Catalysis, dissolution. II Dialysis, a figure in rhetoric, by which syllables and words are divided. T Paralysis or Palsy, a pr vation of motion or feeling, or both, proceeding from some cause below the cerebellum, joined with a coldness, flaccidity, and at last wasting of the parts. If this privation be in all the parts below the head, except the thorax and heart, it is called a paraplegia; if in one side only, a hemiplegia; if in some parts only of one side, a paralysis. There is a threefold division of' a palsy; a privation of motion, sensation remaining; a privation of sensation, motion remaining; and lastly, a privation of both together.-Quincy MAC 221 MAG MACHIN-., f. 1. a machine: a dezvice: as, mach'inate, tA plan, to form schemes, to plot. mach'inal, a. machina'tion, n. machin'ing, a. mach'inate, v. machine', n. machin'ist, n. machina'tor, n. machin'ery, n. MACHn-ox.I (pJaXoltlac), to fight: as, alectorom'achy, cock fighting; monom'achy, single combat. alectorom'achy, n. tnau'machy, n. Iltheom'achy, n. *logom'achy, n. $psychom'achy, n. theom'achist, n. monom'achy, n. Osciom'achy, n. MACR-OS (tcaxgo), large, of great extent. ~Tmac'rocosm, n. macrol'ogy, n. MACUL —A, f. 1. a stain or spot; a fault: as, immac'ulate having,no spot, (pure); emac'ulate, to talie out spots. emac'ulate, a. & v. immac'ulately, ad. mac'ule, n. emacula'tion, n. immac'ulateness, n. mac'ulate, n. & a. immac'ulate, a. mac'ula, n. macula'tion, n. MAGAZIN, m. (Fr.) a store-house-**mag'azine, n. MAGISTER, m. 2. a master: as, magiste'rial, befitting a ruler; magis'trate, one vested with public authority. antimagiste'rial, a. mag'istral, a. mas'terful, a. magiste'rial, a. mag'istrally, ad. mas'terless, a. magiste'rially', ad. magistral'ity, n. mas'terly, ad. & a. magiste'rialness, n. mag'istrate, n. mas'terliness, n. yTmag'istery, n. mqagistrat'ic, a. mas'tery, n. mag'istracy, n. - mas'ter, n. & v. MIAGNES, et-is, m. 3. the loadstone, the stone that attracts iron: as, mqgnet'ic, relating to the magnet. * Logomachy, contention about words. t Naumachy, a sea-fight ~ Psychomachy, a conflict of the soul with the body. $ Sciomachy, battle with a shadow. II Theomachy, fighting against God, or opposition to the divine will; in par ticiular, the Jight against the gods by the giants. ~ Macrocosm or Megacosm, the great or whole world, or visible system, in opposition to the microcosm, or world of man. ** Magaiine, a store-house; commonly an arsenal or armoury, or repository of provisions. Of late (that is, in the year 1737) this word, says Dr. Johnson, has signified a miscellaneous pamphlet, from a periodical miscellany called the Gentleman's Magazine, and published under the name of Sylanus Urban, by Fdlward Cave. This miscellany has given rise to various other magazines.'t Magistery, a fine powder used by chemists; or that preparation of any Igody wherein the whole, or most part, is, by the addition of somewhat, changed into a body of quite another kind; as when iron or copper is turned into zcr's(als of Mars or Venus.-Quincy. MAG 222 MAL *mag'net, n. magnet'ical, a. magnet'icalness, n. magnetlc, a. magnet'ically, n. mag'netism, n. magnet'icness, n. MAGN-US, a. great: as, magnan'imous, of great mind, mag'nify, to make great. famain', ad. magnif'icence, n. majes'ticness, n. TMag'na-Char'ta, n. magnif'icent, a. majes'tical, a. magnanim'ity, n. magnif'icently, ad. majes'tically, ad. magnan'imous, a. mag'nitude, n. majes'ticalness, n. magnan'imously,ad. magnil'oquence, n. majestat'ical, a. magnif'ic, a. main, a. majestat'ic, a. magnif'ical, a. main'ly, ad. ma'mjor, n. & a. $Magnif'ico, n. maj'esty, n. major'itv, n. mag'nify, v. - majes'tic, a. majora'tion, n. mnag'nifier, n. MAG-US, a. a priest or philosopher among the Persians and Asiatics; a diviner or enchanter. ma'gi, n. mag'ical, a. magici'an, n. ma'gian, a. - mag'ically, ad. archmagici'an, n. mag'ic, n. & a. MIAHOMET,II (JMohammed, i. e. praised, Arab.) the Arabian impostor, or false prophet. Ma'homet, n. mahum'etan, n. mahom'etanize, v. mahom'edan, n. mahom'etanisrn, n. mahum'etism, n. mahom'etan, n. & a. mahom'etism, n. mohuam'medan, n. mahom'etist, n. mahom'etry, n. MAJOR, a. (a magnus, great), greater. (See Magnus.) MALE, ad. (A malus, a. bad), evil, ill: as, dis'mal, an evil * Spence calls it the magnes-stone;: and it is so given in Sherwood's dictionary, 1632. The Latin magnes is thought to be from the city of Magnesia in Lydia, where the stone is said to have been first found. t'Amain, with vehemence or vigour. t AMagna-Charta, the great charter of liberties granted to the people of England by king John, in 1215, the seventeenth year of his reign, renewed with some alterations in the ninth year of Henry the Third, and confirmed by Edward the First. - Magnifico (Ital.) a grandee of Venice. II Mahomet, a noted Arabian impostor, was born 527,-his: father a Pagan, his another a Jewess,-began in 608 or 612, at Mecca, in Arabia, to declare himself a prophet, and, by the assistance of a Jew and a renegade Christian, formed a farrago of doctrines and rites, in which there was a mixture of Paganism, Judaism, and Christianity. By indulging his adherents in sensuality, ambition, and the love of booty, and promising them a carnal heaven hereafter, he intoxicated the imagination, and seized the passions of his eastern fbllowers.'He propagated his religion by the swa-d,;d.cic-aing thab he waho foaght the battlps and,died. in the field, in the dfen'ce of it, his Arns,. VV w&,teve" nabtre. nr how ever enormous, being pardoneJ.'as,-ownet witai holzur In. the higher, heaven. He died ih thiee year $3l MAL 223 MAN. day, sorrowful; malefac'tor, one who does evil, malev'. olent, willing evil. dis'mal, a. maledic'ency, n. malef'icent, a. dis'mally, ad. maledic'ent, a. malefic'iate, v. dis'malness, n. maledic'ted, a. maleficia'tion, n. maleadministra'tion, or maledic'tion, n. maleprac'tice, n. maladministra'tion, n. malefac'tor, n. malev'olence, n. *mala-propo's, ad. malefac'tion, n. malev'olent, a. male'content, a. & n. malef'ic, or malev'olently, ad. maleconten'ted,a. malefique', a. malev'olous, a. maleconten'tedly,ad. mal'efice, n. malversa'tion, n. maleconten'tedness, n. MALIGN-US, a. (it malus, bad), ill-disposed to any one; envious; fatal to life. mnalign', a. & v. malig'nancy, n. malig'nantly, ad. malign'ly, ad. malig'nant, a. & n. malig'nity, n. malign'er, n. MALITI —, f. 1. (i malus, a. bad), deliberate mischief, illintention ft any one. mal'ice, n. malici'ous, a. malici'ously, ad.'' malici'ousness, n. MALL.E:-US, m. 2. a hammer: as, mal'leable, that may be spread by beating. immal'leable, a. mal'leable, a.' mal'leate, v. mall or maul, n. & v. mal'leableness, n. -'mallea'tion, n. mal'let, n. malleabil'ity, n. unmal'leable, a. MALV —, f. 1. mallows, a plant-malva'ceous, a. MAMM —., f. 1. a breast or pap: as, mamn'millary, belong. ing to the paps or dugs. mamma', n. mam',millary, a. mammif'erous, a. mam'miform, a. MAMMON (Syriac), the god of wealth; riches. mam'mon, n. mam'monist, nt. MANCI-.qfor MANTI —. (,avrela, Ait pavtr, a prophet), a divin ing, prediction: as, a'eromancy, a divining by the air; arith'mancy, a foretelling by numbers; chir'omancy, a Joretelling by inspecting the hand. a'eromancy, n. arith'mancy, n. chir'omancy, n. alec'tryomancy, nr tbel'omancy, n. chir'omancer, n. * Malapropos, unseasonably, or at an inimproper time; unsuitably. t Belomancy (a belos, /EXoG, an arrow), divination by arrows 21 MAN 224 MAN coscin'omancy, n. lith'omancy, n. onei'romanc, nta ge'omancy, n. mantol'ogy, n. on'omancy, itn. ge'omancer, n. tnec'romancy, n. onoman'tical, a. geoman'tic, a. nec'romancer, n. ppsy'chomancy, n.'gy'romancy, n. necroman'tic, or pyr'omancy, n. t hi'eromancy, n. necroman'tical, a. rab'domancy, n. hy'dromancy, n. necroman'tically, ad. MAND-O, mandatum, v. 1. (in manum dare), to commit, to command or bid: as, command', to bid, to govern; man'date, a command or charge; demand', to ask for with authority. command', v. commen'dator, n. man'date, n. com'mand, n. commenda'tion, n. man'datary, n. Ilcomman'dant, n. commen'datory, a. & n.man'dator, n. comman'datory, a. countermand', v. man'datory, a. & n. comman'der, n. coun'termand, n. recommend', v. comman'dress, n. discommend', v. recommen'der, n. ~comman'dery, n. discommen'dable, a. recommenda'tion, n, comman'ding, a. discommen'dableness, n recommen'datory, a. cornman'dingly, ad. discommenda'tion, n. recommen'dable, a. command'ment, n. discommen'der, n. recommendableness, commend', v. demand', v. redemand', v. [n. cormen'der, n. deman'der, n. remand', v. commen'dable, a. deman'dable, a. uncomman'ded, a. commen'dably, ad. demhan'dant, a. uncommen'dable, a. **oommen'dam, n. ttman'damus, n. uncommen'ded, a. ttcommen'datary, n. MAND-o, v. 3. or MANDUC-o, V. 1. to chew; to eat: as, mandib'ular, belonging to the mandible or jaw. man'dible, n. man'ducate, v. mastica'tion, n.:mandib'ular, a. manduca'tion, n. Oomas'ticatory, n. man'ducable, a. mas'ticate, v. Gyromancy, a divining by walking in or about a circle. T ilieromancy, divination by sacrifices. t Necromancy, the art of revealing future events, by communication with the dead; enchantment, conjuration. P l'sychomancy, the art of consulting departed souls as to future events. i Commandant, a chief commanding a place or a body of troops.'~ Commandery, a body of the kinights of Malta, belonging to the same nation; the residence of a body of knights. ** Commendam. a benefice which, being void, is commended to the charge and care of some sufficient clerk, to be supplied until it be conveniently provided of a pastor. ft Commendatary or commendator, one who holds a living in commendam. Tt Mandamus, literally, we command.; a writ granted by the king,-so called, from the first word, mandamus,-commanding corporations and inferior courts or other persons to do some particular thing, —as to admit any one to an office and tle like. ~ Masticatory, a medicine to be chewed only, not swallowed MAN 225 MI AN MaVJNE-o. mansum, v. 2. to stay, to abide: as, peri'manent. abiding thoroughly, (durable); manse, a parsonagehouse; man'sion, a dwelling-house. im'manency, n. man'sion, n. perman'sion, n. im'manent, a. per'manence, n. remain', v. & n imper'manence, n. per'manency, n. remain'der, n. imper'manency, n. per'manent, a. rem'anent, or manse, n. per'manently, ad. rem'nant, n. & a. MANEs,# a Persian heretic. *maniche'an, n. & a. manichee', n. man'icheism, n. MANI-A- (ptavitx), madness: as, ma'niac, a mad person. antimani'acal, a. ma'niac, a. & n. ma'nia, or ftbiblioma'nia, n. mani'acal, a. ma'nie, n. biblioma'niac, n. matniable, a. MAN1FEST-US, a. clear; plain; evident. man'ifest, a. & v. manifes'table, or manifesta'tion, n. man'ifestly, ad. manifts'tible, a. tmanifes'to, n. man'ifestness, n. MAN-o, manatum, v. 1. to flow: as, em'anate, to flow or issue out. em'anate, v. em'anant, a. mana'tion, n. emana'tion, n. em'anative, a. MAN —OS (fhav'o), thin, rare-~manom'eter, n. man'oscope, n. MAN-vs, f. 5. the hand: as, eman'cipate, to take out by the hand, (to set free from servitude); man'acle, a chain for the hand; man'iple, a handful, a small band of soldiers; manufac'ture, the thing or work done by the hand; man'uscript, the thing written with the hand; manu'brium, a handle. I]admin'icle, n. adminic'ular, a. ~amanuen'sis, n. * Manichean (a Manes, a Persian educated among the Magi; of whom he was one, before he embraced Christianity), one of the followers of Manes, who taught that there were two principles of all things, co-eternal and co-equal, tie one good, the other evil; that two equipollent deities ruled the world, and other gross and impious errors.-Johnson's Diet. by Todd. t Bibliomania, the rage of possessing books; book-madness. t Manifesto, a public declaration made by a prince, explaining his reasons for going to war or adopting any hostile measure towards another country. i Manometer or Manoscope, an instrument for showing the alterations in the rarity and density of the air. II Adminicle, originally, a prop for vines, which could be removed by the hand; help,. supqport. I Amanuensis, a person who writes what another dictates; wr copies -what uas been written by another. MAR 226 MAR eman'cipate, v. mancipa'tion, n. manufac'tc'y,n. & a emancipa'tion, n. mant'ciple, n. man'umise, v. emancipa'tor, n. man'{ple, n. tmanumissi'on, n. imman'acle, v. manip'ular, a. manumit', v. maintain', v. 0manipula'tion, n. manu'rable, a.,maintain'er, n. Ilmancel'vre, n. & v ttmanure', v. & 1n. maintain'able, a. ~[man'ual, a. & n. manu'rer, n. *main'tenanc e, n. man'uary, a. manure'merit, n. man'acle, n. & v. "**manu'bial, a. man'uscript, n. fman'age, v. & n. manu'brium, n. misman'age, v. man'ageable, a. manuduc'tion, n. misman'ageable, a.' man'ager, n. manuduc'tor, n. ~portman'teau, n. man'agement, n. manufac'ture, n. & v. unman'ageable, a. man'agery, n. manufac'turer, n. unman'aged, a. man'cipate, v. MAR-E, n. 3. the sea: as, marine', belonging to the sea or a sea-soldier. marine', a. & n. - mar'itime, a. transmarine', a. mar'iner, n. marin'orama, n. ultramarine', n. & a. marit'imal, a. submarine', -a. MARGO, Tn-is, m. 3. a brink or edge. * Maintenance (Fr. & manutentio and manutentia, Lat. "which signify the' upholding of a cause or person; metaphorically drawn from succouring a young child that learns to go by one's hand."-Cowel.) Literally, a holding up by the hand; support, protection, sustenance, or supply of the necessaries of life. ~ Manage, to guide or conduct by the hand; to carry on. Manctple, originally, the farmer of the public taxes; the steward of a community, the purvey/or. u Manipulation (a manipulatim, adv. Lat. by bands or companies, or in heaps), literally, the act of filling the hand; in mines, the manner of digging silver out of the earth. II Manoeuvre (Fr. manuvrier, a handicraft man, or skilful sea-officer; manovra, [tal. manopera, low Latin, i. e. manus opera), literally, a work or operation by the hand. Originally, in the French language, the service of a vassal to his lord; then, an operation of military tactics, a stratagem, in which sense we use it, and apply it also to naval skill in managing a ship; and thence any kind of management. - ~ Manual, belonging to the hand; also a small book, such as may be carried in the hand. ** Manubial, belonging to spoil taken by the hand in war. tt Manumission, literally, the act of sending away by the hand, or giving liberty to slaves. "When a master, going with his slave in his hand to the Pretor or Consul, and in the provinces, to the Proconsul or Proprietor, said,' I desire that this man be free, according to the custom of the Romans;' Hunc hominem liberum esse volo more vel jure Quiritium; and the Praetor, if he approved, putting a rod on the head of the slave, pronounced,' I say that; this man is free, after the manner of the Romans.' Whereupon the lictor or the master turning him round in a circle, (called vertigo), and giving him a blow,in the cheek, let him go, (e manu emittebat), signifying that leave was granted ninm to go where he pleased. The rod with which the slave was struck, was -alled vindicta."'-Adams's Roman Antiquities. 4 Manure, to cultivate by manual labour; to dung, to fatten with composts.' Por tmanteau, a portable leather bag to carry clothes in. MAR 227 MAT 2as ge, or mar'ginal, a. mar'ginate, v mar'ginm, n. & v. mar'ginally, ad. mar'ginated, a. MARIT- US, m. 2. a married man, a husband. mar ital, a. martriage, n. martried, a. mar'itated, a. mar'riageable, a. remar'ry, v. marit'icide, n. mar'ry, v. MARS, mart-is, m. 3. the god of war; war. immar'tial, a. mar'tial, a. mar'tialist, n. march, n. & v. mar'tialism, n. MARTYR (CgFvru), a witness, a martyr: as, protomartyr the first martyr, (Stephen the evangelist.) mar'tyr, n. & v. mar'tyrize, v. martyrol'ogist, n mar'tyrly, a. mar'tyrologe, or martyrolog'ical, a. mar'tyrdom, n. martyrol'ogy, n. protomar'tyr, n. MASCUL-US, m. 2. the male or he of any creature. emas'culate, v. & a. mas'culate, v. mas'culineness, n. emascula'tion, n. mas'culine, a. unmas'culate, v. male, a. & n. mas'culinely, ad. MASSACRF, m. (Fr. from mazzare, Ital. of mactare, v. 1. to sacrifice), carn age, slaughter, butchery, murder. mas'sacre, n. & v. mas'sacerer, n. IMATERI-.s, f 1. matter or stuff: as, mate'rialize, to make or form into matter; mate'rialist, one who denies spiritual substances. commate'rial, a. immate'rialized, a. material'ity, n. commaterial'ity, n. immate'riate, a. mate'rialize, v. immate'rial, a. mate'rial, a. & n. mate'rials, n. immate'rially, ad. mate'rially, ad. mate'riate, a. immate'rialness, n. mate'rialism, n. materia'tion, n. immaterial'ity, n. mate'rialist, n. MATER, matr-is, f: 3. a mother: as, mater'nal, pertaining to a mother; ma'tronal, relating to a matron or wife. mater'nal, a. tma'trix, or ma'tronlike, a. mater'nity, n. ma'trice, n. ma'tronly, a. mattricide, n. ma'tron, n. $ma'trimony, n. 4"matric'ulate, v. & a. ma'tronal, a. matrimo'nial, a. matricula'tion, n. ma'tronize, v. matrimo'nially, ad. * Mlatriculate, (a matricula: " a matrix, quod ea velut matrice. contineantur militum nomina,"-Ainsworth), to enter or admit into a university or any society, by setting down the name; to enrol or enlist. t Matrix or 3Matrice, the womb, or place where any thing is generated or formed; a mould, or that which gives form to something inclosed. M$ atrimnony, marriage or nuptials; the nuptial state, the contract of man and wite. 21* MAT 228 MEC MATHEM-4-, at-OS (taht],a aero5, & ptOuS or tUavOMavw, to lear n), learning: as, mathematici'an, one skilled in mathe matics; opsim'athy, late education. mathemat'ic, a. mathematici'an, n. opsim'athy, n. mathemat'ical, a. *smathemat'ics, n. tphil'omath, n. mathemat'ically, ad. fmathe'sis, n. - polym'athy, n. 1\AT-OS (ato'0r0, & 2 aw, to move or seek to), a moving, a motion; autom'atal, belonging to an automaton. autom'aton, n. automat'ical, a. autom'atous, a. autom'atal, a, MATUR-US, a. ripe: as, immature', not ripe or perfect; premature', ripe too soon, or before the time. immature', a. mature'ly, ad. premature', a. immature'ly, ad. matu'rity, n. prematurely, ad. immature'ness, n. matu'rate, v. premature'ness, n. immatur'ity, n. maturation, n. prematur'ity, n. mature', a. & v. matu'rative, a. MATUTIN-U-, n. 2. the morning-ma'tutinal or ma'tutine, a MAusoLE — U.1,, l n. 2. any sumptuous monument. Ilmausole'um, n, mausole'an, a. MAXILL-., f. 1. the jaw-bone-maxil'lar, a. max'illary, a MAXIM-.-UI, a. (a magnus), the greatest: as, max'im, a genelral principle; a leading truth; an axiom. max'imr, n. max'imum, n. MECIJAN-AO (PIMXaVaW), to contrive, to invent: as, mechanici'an, one skilled in mechanics. immechan'ical, a. mechan'ically, ad.!mechanici'an, n. mechan'ic, a. & n. mechan'icalness, n. mech'anisin, n. Tmechan'ics, n. mechan'icalize, v. mcch'anist, n. mechan'ical, a. * Mathemalics, the science which contemplates whatever is capable of being numbered or measured; comprised under lines, numbers, siipe:ficies, solids, &c.: it is either Pure or Mixed; the Pure considers abstracted quantity, without any relation to matter; the Mixed is interwoven with physical considerations, as astronomy, geography, navigation, mechanics, surveying, architecture, &c. t Mfathesis, the doctrine of mathematics. t Philonath, a lover of learning ~ Polymathy, the knowledge of many arts and sciences, or of many different sutbjects. 11 Mausoleum, a name which was first given to a stately monument, erected by queen Artemisia, for her husband Mausolus, king of Caria, and reckoned one,of the wonders of the world; whence, any sumptuous, splendid, or pompo's funerat, monument, or tomb. ~ Mechanics, the geometry or science of motion; that branch of practical ilathematics which considers mc lion or mo- ing forces, their nature and IaLwO, with their effects in machines. MED 229 MEL AMEDI-US, a. middle: as, media'tor, one who goes in the middle between two parties, (an intercessor); medioc'rity, middle rate; interme'diate, coming in the middle between; medi'ety, middle state, half. dimned'iate, v. interme'dial, a. me'diatory, a. dimedia'tion, n. me'diate, v. & a. media'torship, n. imme'diate, a. me'diately, ad. medi'ety, n. imme'diately, ad. media'tion, n. medioc'rity, n. imme'diateness, n. media'tor, n. medioc'rist, n. imme'diacy, n. mediato'rial, a. mediterra'nean, a. interme'diacy, n. media'trix, or mediterra'neous, a. interme'diate, a.& v. media'tress, n. me'dium, n. interme'diately, ad. MEDE-OR, V. dep. 2. to cure, to heal: as, irreme'diable that cannot be cured; medic'inal, having the power of healing, or belonging, to physic. immed'icable, a. medicament'ally, ad rem'edy, n. & v. irreme'diable, a. med'icate, v. reme'diable, a. irreme'diably, ad. medica'tion, n. reme'dial, a. irreme'diableness, n. med'icine, n. reme'diate, a. med'ical, a. *M. D. rem'ediless, a. med'ically, ad. medic'inable, a. rem'edilessness, n. med'icable, a. medic'inal, a. unreme'diable, a. Tmed'icament, n. medic'inally, ad. unrem'edied, a. medicament'al, a. MIIEDIT-OR, meditatus, v. dep. 1. to muse or think- upon: as, med'itate, to muse or dwell on with intense thought,commonly used of pious c ontemplation. med'itate, v. premed'itate, v. & a. unmed'itated, a. medita'tion, n. premedita'tion,n. unpremed'itated, a. med'itative, a. premed'itately, ad. MEDULL-.S, f. 1. the marrow of bones. medul'lar, a. med'ullary, a. tmedul'lin, n. MEGAS (teiayca), great —meg'acosin, n. MIEL, rnell-is, n. 3. (tusxJ), honey: as, ox'ymel, a mixture of vinegar and honey. hy'dromel, n. Ilmell, n. mellif'erous, a. nmelic'erous, a. ~mel'late, n. mellif'luence, n,. * -A D. that is, medicine doctor, doctor of physic.-See foot-note under Doceo, ~ I Medullin, the pith of the sun-flower, which has neither taste nor smell. t Megacosm, see foot-note, under Macrocosm, p. 221. Mlelicerous, noting a tumor inclosed in a cyst, consistiLg of matter lite koney II Mell, honey. ~ Mellate, a combination of the mellitic acid with a base MEL 2-30 MEM mellif:uent, a. *nel'lit, n. mellit'ic, a. mellit luous, a. mel'lite, n. ox'ymel, n. mellifica'tion, n. MIELAN (seXav), black, dark: as, mel'ancholily, in a sad, dismal, or melancholy manner. ftrel'anagogue, n. mel'ancholiness, n. melanit'ic, a. mel'ancholic, a. & n. mel'ancholist, n. Omel'anteri, n. meltanch ly, n. & a. mel'ancholize, v. Ilmel'asses, n. mel'ancholily, ad. Tmel'anite, n. ~mesom'elas, n. MAELIOR, a. (compar. of bonus, good), better: as, me'lzorate, to better, (to improve.) ame'liorate, v. me'liorated, a. meliora'tion, n. ameliora'tion, n. me'liorating, a. melior'ity, n. me'liorate, v. MEL-os, n. 2. (tsx0og), a song or poem; a tune: as, mel'ody, sweet sound, (music.) immelo'dious, a. melo'diousness, n. phil'omel, or'?nel'ody, n. mel'odize, v. f:philonze'la, n. melo'dious, a. ttmel'odrame, n. unmelo'dious, a. melo'diously, ad. MEMBRAN-.A, f. 1. a thin fibrous skin which covers the joints; as, mem'branous, consisting of membranes. ] mem'brane, n. membra'neous, or membra'niform, a. membrana'ceous, a. mrem'branous, a. * Mellit, in farriery, a dry scab on the heel of a horse's fore foot, cured by a mixture of honey and vinegar; but Mellite, honey-stone,-a mineral of a honey colour, found only in very minute regular crystals.-Cleaveland. t Melanagogue, a medicine supposed to purge off or expel black bile or choler. t Melanite, a mineral, a variety of garnet, of a velvet black, or greyish black. 6 Melanteri, salt of iron, or iron in a saline state, mixed with inflammable matter. II Mllelasses, the syrup which drains from Muscovado sugar when coolingtreacle. ~r Mesomelas, a precious stone with a black vein parting every colour in the midst. ** Melody, differs from harmdty, as it consists in the agreeable succession and modulation of sounds by a single voice; whereas harmony consists in the ac cordance of different voices or sounds. Melody is vocal or instrumental.Hooker. tt tMelodrame, a dramatic performance, in which songs are intermixed. it Philomela, literally, lover of songs; originally, the daughter of Pandion, king of Athens, who was changed into a nightingale; hence a nightingale.,0 _Membrane, a web of several sorts of fibres, interwoven together fbr the covering and wrapping up some parts; the fJibres of the membranes give them an elasticity, whereby they can contract, and closely grasp the parts they con. tain, and their nervous fibres give them an exquisite sense, which is the cause -f their contractions; they can, therefore, scarcely suffer the sharpness of meed cines. and are diffmcultly united when wounded,- Quincy. MEM 231 MEN MEMOR, a. mindful, keeping in mind: as, mem'oratle worthy of memory, or of being kept in mind. commem'orate, v. mem'orably, ad. mnen'tioning, a. coinmemora'tion, n. tmeimoran'dum, n. nmisremem'ber, v. commem'orable, a. mem'orative, a. remem'ber, v. commem'orative, a. mem'ory, n. remem'berer, n. commem'oratory, a. mem'orize, v. remem'brance, n. immemo'rial, a.- memo'rial, a. & n. remem'braficer, n. immemo'rially, ad. memo'rialist, n. reminis'cence, n. intermen'tion, v. memo'rialize, v. reminiscen'tial, a. *memen'to, n. mem'orist, n. unmen'tioned, a. +memoir', n. men'tion, n. & v. unremem'bering, a. mem'orable, a. men'tioned, a. unremem'berance, n MEN (TPIV), a month: as, menol'ogy, register of months. Ilal'manack, n. 1rmenis'cus, n. moon, n. menol'ogy, n. moon'y, a. MENAGE, m. (Fr.) a household; a collection of animals.,+tmen'age, or **men'agery, n. ttme'nial, a. & n. MEND-9, f. 1. a blemish; a mistaker as, amend', or emend', to take out the blemishes or faults, (to correct.) amend', v. amends, n. emen'datory, a. amen'dable, a. emend', v. mend, v. amen'der, n. emen'dable, a. men'dable, a. amend'ful, a. emenda'tion, n. men'ded, a. amend'ment, n. emen'dately, ad. men'der, n. amend'ing, n. emen'dator, n. mend'ing, a. MENDAX, ac-is, a. lying, false-mendac'ity, n. menda'cious,a. MivENDIC-US, m. 2. a beggar: as, men'dicant, one who begs. emen'dicate, v. men'dicant, a. & n. mendic'ity, n. men'dicancy, n. men'dicate, v. * Memento, literally, let them remember, a memorial notice, a hint to awaken the memory. t Memoirs, histories written by those who have been witnesses of the transactions, and acquainted with the persons, which they describe. t Memorandum, a short note for the better remembrance of a thing, or to help the memory..' Memorial, a monument, or whatever else serves to call a thing or person, to remembrance, an address or petition, reminding of services, and soliciting reward. II Almanack, a calendar; a book in which the revolutions of the seasons, with the return of feasts, fasts, and courts, is noted for the ensuing year. ~MenTscus, literally, a little moon a lens, convex on one side, and concave on the other. **JMenage or Mea gery, a collection of wild animals; also a yard or place in which they are kept.:t tlMeiAal belonging to a household, or train of servants. MEN 232 MEO MEN s, mc nt-is, f. 3. the mind: as, com'ment, to wrile notes upon an author, (to explain.) com'ment, v. & n. corn'menting, a. men'tally, ad. com'imenter, n. *conlmentiti'ous, a. ve'hement, a. com'mentary, n. demen'tate, v. & a. ve'hemently, ad. corn mentate, v. dementa'tion, n. ve'hemence, n. commenta'tor, n. men'tal, a. ve'hemency, n. MIENS-.I f. 1. a table: as, men'sal, belonging to the table. tcornmens'al, n. tcommensa'tion, n. men'sal, a. Tcommensal'ity, or MIENS-Is, m. 3. (thiv), a month: as, men'strual, pertaining to a month, or menstruum. men'strual, a. men'struous, a. Omen'struum, n. MENSUR-., f. 1. (e metior, v. dep. 4. to measure), a measure: as, commen'surate, measured -with or together: immense', not measurable, (unlimited, infinite.) admeas'urement, n. immense', a. meas'urement, n. admensura'tion, n. immense']ly, ad. meas'urable, a. adme'tiate, v. immense'ness, n. meas'urably, ad. commeasturable, a. immen'sity, n. mengs'urableness, n. commen'surable, a. immen'surable, a. men'surable, a. commensurabil'ity, n. immensurabil'ity, n. men'surabil'ity, n. commen'surate,v. & a. immen'surate, a. men'sural, a. commen'surately, ad. incommensurable, a. mren'surate, v. commensura'tion, n. incommensurabil'ity,n.men'suration, n. dimen'sion, n. incommen'surate, a. mete, v. dimen'sionless, a. meas'ure, n. & v. me'ter, n. dimen'sive, a. meas'ured, a. mismeas'unre, v. dimen'sity, n. meas' uring, a. outmeas'ure, -v. immeas'?ured, a. meas'urer, n. unmeas'urable, a. immeas'urable, a. meas'ureless, a. unmeas'ured, a. immeas'urably, ad. RMl-o, v. 1. to go to and.fro, to glide, to flow or pass: as, per'meable, that may be passed through. immeabil'ity, n. impermeabil'ity, n. llnmean'der, n. & v. imper'meable, a. irre'meable, a. mean'dering, a. *Commentitious, writing notes upon an author; invented, imaginary. t Commensal, fellow-at table. t Commensality or Commensation, fellowship at table. 6 All liqlors are called menstrtuums, which are used as dissolvents, or to ex tract the virtues of ingredients by infusion or decoction; so named probably fiom some notion of thl old chemists, about the influence of the moon in the pre paration of dissolvents. II Meander, is a river of Phrygia, remarkable for its winding course; hence came to signify a maze, labyrinth, or serpentins winding. MER 233 MER. mean'drian, a. permeabil'ity, n. per'meating, a mean'drous, a. per'meant, a. permea'tion, n. mean'dry, a. per'meate, v. per'meatory, a. per'meable, a. per'meated, a. MERCI, f. (Fr. contr. from misericdrdil, Lat.) tenderness goodness, pity, grace, pardon, power. mer'cy, n. mercifillness, n. mer cilessness, n. mer'cy-seat, n. mer'cify, v. unmer'ciful, a. mer'ciful, a. mertciless, a. unmer'cifully, ad. mer'cifully, ad. mer'cilessly, ad. unmer'cifulness, n. MERC-OR, v. dep. 1. (a merx, merc-is, f. 3. any kind of merchandise), to buy, to traffic: as, mer'cer, one who buys and sells -commonly silks. com'merce, v. & n. mer'cership, n. mer'chant, n. com'mercer, n. mer'cery, n. mer'charitable, a. commer'cial, a. mer'cat, or mer'chantly, or commer'cially, ad. mar'ket, n. mer'chant-like, a. mer'cantile, a. mer'cature, n. mer'chant-man, n. mer'cable, a. mer'chand, v. *MJer'cury, n. mer'cetary, a. & n. mer'chandable, a. unmer'chantable, a. mer'cenarily, a. mer'chandize, n. &v. unmer'cantile, a. mer'cenariness, n.- mer'chandry, n. unmer'cenary, a. mer cer, n. MERcURI-Us,~ m. 2. the messenger and interpreter of thle gods; one of the planets; quicksilver. *Mer'cury, n. & v. mercu'rialist, n. mercu'rify, v. mercu'rial, a. & n. mercu'riate, n. mercurifica'tion, n. mercu'rialize, v. MERG-o, mersum, v. 3. to plunge or dip; to overrlheimn: as, emer'gency, a rising out of a fuid, (any sudden occasion, a pressing necessity.) demers'ed, a. emer'gent, a. immers'ing, a. demer'sion, n. emer'sion, n. immer'sion, n. emerge', v. immerge', or merge, or emer'gence, n. immerse', a. & v. merse, v. emer'gency. n. immersed', a. mer'ger, n. * lAfircurtus. Mercury, the son of Jupiter and Maia, the messenger of Jupiter and of the other gods, (quasi Medicurrius, quod -medius inter deos et homines currebat), hence called interpres divum, Virg. NEn. iv. 356.-Hence his Greek name'Eppjsg, Interpres, Diodor.; the god of eloquence, the patron of merchants, (qa.si Mercurius'a merx), the inventor of the lyre and harp; the protector of' poets )r men of genius, of musicians, wrestlers, &c. the conductor of departed ghosts to their proper mansions,-Horat. od. I., also the god of ingenuity and of theft. His attributes were a cadtceus or wand, having two serpents twiete8 round it, a pelasus or winged cap, a n!aaria, or -vinged sandals fbr his feet MER 234, MET mer'sion, n. submer'ging, a. submners'ed, a. submerge', v. submerse', a. submer'sion, n. submerged', a. MERIDI-ES, m. 5. (medius dies), mid-day, noon; the saolh; as, merid'ional, of the meridian, or south. antimerid'ian, a.. nerid'ional, a. meridional'ity, n. merid'ian, n. & a. merid'ionally, ad. postmerid'ian, a. MAERIT —UM, sup. (at mereo, v. 2. to deserve), to earn or gain: as, merito'rious, deserving of reward. demer'it, n. mer'itable, a. mer'itory, a. immer'it, n. mer'ited, a. premer'it, v. immer'ited, -a. mer'iting, a. promer'it, v. immer'itous, a. merito'rious, a. unmer'itable, a. mer'it, n. & v. merito'riously, ad. unmer'ited,'a. mer'ited, a. merito'riousness, n. unmer'itedness, n. MEs-os (teoS0), middle: as, mesara'ic, of the mesentery. *mes'entery, n. tmes'olite, n. ljmes'otype, n. n.esenter'ic, a. mesolog'arithm, n. ~mez'zo, n. mesara'ic, a. mesom'elas, n. vnezzorelie'vo, n. tIesoleu'cys, n. ~Mesopota'mia, n. mezzotint'ov, n. MESSIAH (nD, a 7rt, to anoint), the anointed, the ChristMJessi'ah., n. MJessi'ahship, n. MESSIEURS, (pl. of Monsieur, my Lord, Fr.) and contr Messrs. Sirs, gentlemen. METALL-UM, n. 2. (?PscaXov), a hard fossil substance, metal: as, met'allurgy, the art of working metals. **met'al, n. metal'lic, a. metal'lical, a. * YMesentery, that round which the guts are convolved,-a fatty membrane placed in the middle of the intestines, and to which they are attached. This prevents them from becoming entangled with each other by convolutions. t Mesoleucys, a precious stone with a streak of white in the middle. t Mesolite, a mineral of the zeolite family. M Mlesopotamia, an ancient country in Asia, lying between the rivers Eu phrates and Tigris. II Mesotype, prismatic zeolite, a minera.. F Mezzo, in Music, denotes middle, mean. *' Metal, a simple, fixed, snining, opake body or substance, insoluble in water fusible by heat, a good conductor of heat and electricity, capable, when in th state of an oxyde, of uniting with acids and forming with them metallic salts Many of the metals are also malleable, or extensible by the hammer, and some of them extremely ductile. Metals are mostly fossil, and are thirty in number Twelve of these are malleable, viz. platina, gold, silver, mercury, lead, copper tin, 7ron, zinc, palladium, nickel, and cadmium. The following sixteen are not sufficiently tenacious to bear extension by beating, viz. arsenic, anltimony, his. mutth, cobalt, manganese, tellurium, tetanlum, columbium, molybden, tunr,;sten chrorme, osmiun-m, iridiutm, rhodium, uranium, and cerium. "They are conipact 4todies. generv.et in the earth, heavy, hard, opaque, possessed of a remnrkable MET 235 MET metallif'erous, a. metalliza'tion, n. met'allurgic, a. metal'liform, a. metallog'raphy, n. met'allurgist, n. met'alline, a. met'alloid, n. met'al-man, n. met'allist, n. metalloid'al, a. semimet'ld, n. met'allize, v. *met'allurgy, n. unnetal'lic, a. M1ETEOR-S (iE.rSWga), flying luminous bodies in the air tr sky: as, mete'orous, of the nature of a meteor. me'teor, n. *meter'olite, n. meteorolog'ical, a. meteor'ic, a. meteorology, n. fme'teoromrancy, or me'teorize, v. meteqrol'ogist, or meter'omancy, n. mete: rous, a. meterol'ogist, n. meteoros'copy, n. *met'eorolite, or meteorolog'ic, a. METER, metr-os (tfrqg, cpgo.C), a mother: as, metrop'olis, the mother city-the chief city of a country. metrop'olis, n. metrop'olite, n. metropolit'ical, a. metropol'itan, n. & a. metropolit'ic, a. METOP-OJ\. (tEpxsqrov, it prsa & (4, the look), the forehead, the front-metopos'copy, n. metopos'copist, n. METR-UJm, n. 2. (IieqSov), a measure: as, chronom'eter, an instrument to measure time; goniom'eter, an instrument to measure angles; heliom'eter, an instrument to measure the sun and stars; hexam'eter, a verse of six feet; pentameter, a verse of five feet. Staltim'etry, n. asym'metry, n. **barom'eter, n. anemom'eter, n. asym'metral, a. baromet'rical, a. Ilareom'eter, n. ~Tbaculom'etry, n. chronom'eter, n. lustre, fusible, and malleable in different degrees. There were originally reckoned but seven metals, viz. gold, silver, copper, tin, iron, lead, and quicksilver; but this number has since been increased to thirty, some of which have the metallic properties in a small degree. Of the primitive metals, gold is the heaviest; but platinum, one of the newly discovered metals, is found to be still heavier."-' Crabb's Dictionary. The specific gravity of these metals is the following: Platina, when purified, is about 20 times heavier than water; gold, 19 times; mercury, in its native state, called quicksilver, 14 times; lead, 11 times; silver, 10 times; copper, 9 times; iron, 8 times; and tin, 7 times heavier than water. * Meteorolite or Meterolite, a meteoric stone,-called also aerolite. t Meteoromancy, divination by meteors, chiefly by thunder and lightning,held in high estimation by the Romans. t Altimetry, the art of taking or measuring altitudes or heights, whether accessible or inaccessible,-generally performed by a quadrant. Anemometer, an instrument contrived to measure the force and velocity of the wind. II Areometer, an instrument to measure the density or gravity of any liquid. I Baculometry (a baculus, m. 2. a staff), the art of measuring distances by one )r more staves. ** Barometer, a machine for measuring the weight of the atmosphere, and its variations, in order chiefly to determine the changes of the weather. —It differs 22 MET 236 MET -dlam'eter, n. Jtgeom'etry, n. hydrom'etry, n. diam'etral, a. geom'etral, a. hydrometric, a. diam'etrally, ad. geomet'ric, a. hydromet'rical, a diamet'rical, a. geomet'rical, a. hygrom'eter, n. diamet'rically, ad. geomet'rically, ad. hygrom'etry, n. Mdim'eter, n. & a. geometrici'an, n. hygromet'rical, a. tdynamom'eter, n. geom'etrize, v. Illlhyper'meter, n. Oechom!eter, n. goniom'eter, n. hypermet'rical, a. echom'ctry, n. goniomet'rical, a. ~~longim'etry, n. Ilelectrom'eter, n. graphom'eter, n. rnanom'eter, a. electromet'rical, a. graphomet'rical, a. ***me'ter, or me'tre, t. ~[eudio'm'eter, n. gravim'eter, n. met'rical, a. eudiom'etry, n. heliom'eter, n. metrici'an, n. eudiomet'rir% a. hexam'eter, n. & a. microm'eter, n. eudiomet'rical, a. hexamet'ric, a. iffpantom'eter, n. & a. **galvanom'eter, n. hexamet'rical, a. pantomet'ric, a. ti'gasom'eter, n. horon'etry, n. pantomet'rical, a. gasom'etry, n. horomet'rical, a. tttpedom'eter, n. geom'eter, n. hydrom'eter, n. pedomet'rical, a. frotm the baroscope, which only shows that the air is heavier at one time than another, without specifying the difference. * Diameter, the line, which, passing from one side to the other through the centre of a circle, divides it into equal parts. t Dimeter,. a verse of two measures. t Dynamometer, an instrument to measure the strength or power of men ann animals,-used at the American gymnasiums to ascertain the relative powers of the gymnasts, and the increase of power gained by exercise. l Echometer,-an instrument used for measuring sound. II Electrometer, an instrument for measuring the quantity, and determining the quality of electricity in any electrified body. 11 Etudiometer, an instrument to measure the purity of the air, or quantity of oxygen it contains. ** Galvanometer, a measure for ascertaining the power of galvanic operations. fit Gasometer, an instrument to measure gases,-also the place where gas is prepared for lighting streets. t$ Geometry, originally, the art of measuring the earth. At present, it is used to denote the science of extension, or extended things, that is, of lines, surfaces, and solids. The Egyptians are said to have been the first inventors of Geometry, and the annual inundations of the Nile to have been the occasion,-that river bearing away all the bounds and landmarks of men's estates, and covering the whole face of the country; the people were obliged to distinguish their lands by the observation of their figures and quantity; and thus by experience and habit, formed a method or art which was the origin of Geometry i Hydrometry, the act of measuring water. I111 Hypermeter, any thing greater than the standard requires. 111 Longimetry,'the art or practice of measuring distances or lengths,-ac cessible or inaccessible. *** Meter or Metre, speech confined to a certain number of harmonic sylla. bles, —verse, measure, numbers. Rhythm respects time only, and comprehends munsic and dancing, as well as poetry. Metre respects the time and order of the, syllables, and only extends to verse. tft P'antometer, an instrument to measure all sorts of angles, elevations, and distances. X Pedometer, a mathematical instrument in the form of a watch, worn in M1A 237 MIC - pentam'eter, n. listereom'etry, n. ttthermom eter, n. *perim'eter, n. stereomet'rical, a. thermomet'rical, a. fphotom'eter, it. ~stichom'etry, n.:ttrigonom'etry, n. photomet'ric, a. **sym'metry, n. trigonom'etrical, a. photomet'rical, a. sym'metrial, a. trigonomet'rically,n. tplanim'etry, n. symmet'rian, n. trim'eter, n. planimet'ric, a. symmet'rical, a. trimet'rical, a. planimet'rical, n. symrr'metrist, n. ungeomet'rical, a. pyrom'eter, n. sym'metrize, v. zumosim'eter, n. semidiam'eter, n MIASM-I (psaOrptca, ia jtacvw, to pollute), a stain, pollution. b mi'asm, or mi'asma, n. miasmat'ic, a. MIcI-.s,Hll f 1. a crumb, a little quantity of any thing that breaks offI —lllmi'ca, r. mica'ceous, a. emica tion, n. MiCR-os (hxxgO.), little, small: as, microm'eter, an instrument to measure small spaces. ~~mIzi'crocosm, n. microg'raphy, n. microscope, n, microcos'mical, a. microm'eter, n. microscop'ic, a, ***microcous'tic, n. microphone, n. microscop'ical, a. the pocket, to measure the distance which the wearer walks,-the paces being numbered by its wheels, and the distance from one place to another being exactly measured./ Another kind is attached to the wheel of a carriage, and there is a surveying wheel, another kind called perambulator, a wcaywiser. *Perimeter, literally, a measuring round, the ambit or extent, the compass or sum of all the sides which bound any figure or body, of what kind soever whether rectilinear or mixed,-a circumference. t Photometer, an instrument to measure the relative intensities of' light. t Planimetry, the mensuration or measuring of plain surfaces.. Pyrometer, an instrument to measure the alterations of dimensions of metals, and other solid bodies, arising fiom heat. Muschenbroek invented it. 11 Stereometry, the art of measuring all sorts of solid bodies. IT Stichometry, a catalogue of books of Scripture, with the number of verses which each book contains.-Chambers. And see Lardner's Credibility of the Gospel History, Part 1I. vol. xi. p. 248. ** Symmetry, literally, a measuring with or together; adaptation of parts to each other; agreement of one part with another; proportion, harmony. It Thermometer, an instrument to measure or ascertain the different degrees of heat of the air, or of any matter. It Trigonometry, the art of' measuring the sides and angles of triangles. The business of this science is to find the angles where the sides are given, and the sides of their respective ratios where the angles are given..l Miasm,.infecting substances floating in the air; the effluvia or fine particles of any putrefying bodies, rising and floating in the atmosphere, and collaidered to lie noxious to health. 1111 Mlica, a mineral of a foliated structure, consisting of thin flexible?amels or scales, having a shining surface. -'d Coloured micas generally conlain some metallic matter, chiefly iron; and are much more fusible than those which are pure and colourless."-Chambers. ~~T Microcosm, the little world; man is so called, as representing the iworld.n miniature; the opposite to macrocostm or megacosm, the whole or great world *** M.crocoustir or Microphone, an instrument to augment small 0ounds, asu' assist in hearing MIIG 238 MIN HMIGR-O, v. 1. to change one's abode or dwivelling, to remove from one place to another: as, mi'gratory, changing residence. com'm/iagate, v. immigrattion, n. remigra'tion, n. commigra'tion, n. intermigra'tion, n. trans'migrant, a.& n em'igrant, n. & a. mi'grate, v. trans'migrate, v. em'igra.te, v. & a. mi'grating, a. trans'migrating, a. em'igrating, a. migra'tion, n. transmigra'tion, n. emigra'tion, n. mi'gratory, a. trans'migrator, n. im'mtgrant, n. remli'grate, v. trans'migratory, a. im'mgrate, v. MILEs, milit-is, c. 3. a soldier: as, mil'itary, suiting a soldier, (warlike.) militancy, n. mil'itary, a. & n. mil'itate, v. *mil'itant, a. mil'itarily, ad. tnmilit'ia, n. MIML-UvI, n. 2. the plant called millet-mil'iary, a. MILLE, n. 3. ind. a thousand: as, milles'imal, consisting of thousandth parts; mil'liary, of a mile. mil'foil, n. millen'nial, a. mil'liary, a. rmillena'rian, n. & a. mrnillen'nium, n. Omil'ligram, n. mil'lenary, a. mil'leped, n.- mil'liliter, n. mil'lenist, n. milles'imal, a. lmillim'eter, n. MiA-vs, m. 2. (rJloc), one who imitates by his, gestures what another says or does; a farce: as, mim'ic, to imitate as a buffoon; mime, a buffoon or farce. mim'ic, n. a. & v. mime, n. & v. mimog'rapher, n. mim'ical, a. mime'sis, n. pan'tomime, n. & a mim'ically, ad. mim'icry, n. pantomim'ic, a. mimet'ic, a. mimog'raphy, n. pantomim'ical, a. mimet'ical, a. MrIN-., f 1. threats: as, mina'clous, full of threats. com'minate, v. commin'atory, a. men'aced, a. commina'tion, n. men'ace, v. & n. men'acer, n. * Militant,fighting; engaged in warfare with hell and the world; a term- ip plied to the church of Chiist on earth, as opposed to the church triumphant irt heaven, tliVil itia, a body of soldiers enrolled from among the citizens, to defend and guard their native country, a nationalforce. tl2illennium, literally, a thousand years, chiefly used for the time of our Saviour's expected second appearance and reign here on earth, wherein great peace and happiness are to prevail.; Millizram,.lilliluer, and.31illimeter, are French measures of differ. eilt capacities. MIN 239 MIN men'acing, n. & a. mtnac'ity, n. min'atorlly, ad. mina cious, a. min'atory, a. Ml'- EO, v. 2. to jut out, to hang over: as, em'inence, state Of being exposed to view, (loftiness, exaltation.) em'inence, n. pre-em'inence, n. prom'inently, ad. em'inency, n. pre-em'inent, a. superem'inence, n. em'inent, a. pre-em'inently, ad. superemrinency, n. em'inently, ad. prom'inence, n. superem'inent, a. im'minence, n. prom'inency, n. superem'inently, ad. im'minent, a. prom'itent, a. MINERAL, m. (Fr.).fossil body; matter dug out of the earth or mines: as, mineral'ogy, the doctrine of minerals *min'eral, n. & a. min'eralized, a. mineralog'ical, a. min'eralist, n. min'eralizer, n. mineralog'ically, ad. min'eralize, v. min'eralizing, a. & n. mineral'ogist, n. mineraliza'tion, n. mineral'ogy, n. MINISTER, tr-i, m. 2. a servant, a helper: as, admin'ister, to serve to, (to give, to afford); ministe'rial, pertaining to a minister, of church or state, (acting at command.) admin'ister, v. administra'trix, n. min'istery, or admin'istered, a. antiministe'rial, a. min'istry, n. administe'rial, a. min'ister, n. & v min'istral, a. admin'istrable, a. min'istered, a. min'istrant, a. admin'istrate, v. min'istering, a. ministra'tion, n. administra'tion, n. ministe'rial, a. preadministra'tion,a. admin'istrative, a. ministe'rially, ad. submin'ister, or administra'tor, n. min'istress, n. submin'istrate, v. administra'torship,a. MINU-O, minutum, v. 3. (A minor, minus, less; minimus, least), to lessen: as, dimin'ish, to make or grow less; mi'nor, the less-petty, little; minute', small, slender; minu'tiae, the smaller particulars. commin'uatc, v. dimin'ish, v. dim'inute, a. commin'uible, a. dimin'ishable, a. dim'inutely, ad com'minute, v. dimin'ished, a. dimin'uent, a. com'minuted, a. dimin'isher, n. -diminu'tion, n. com'minuting, a. dimin'ishing, a. dimin'utive, a. & n comminu'tion, n. dimin'ishingly, ad. dimin'utively, ad. * Mineral, a fossil body. All metals are minerals, but all m.nerals are not metals. Minerals, in the restrained sense, are bodies that ma) be melted, bult not malleated. Minerals have been variously classed I,y different writers' The system of W'erner comprehends them under the four classes, of earth, salts inflammables, and metals. To this Linnaeus has addea a fifth class, of petTi factives. 22~ MIR 240 MIS dimin'utiveness, n. min'ionly, a. minute', a. imminu'tion, n. min'ionship, n. minute'ly, aad. mndimin'ishable, a. min'ish, v. minute'ness, n. min'iature, n. tmi'nor, n. & a. min'ute, n. & v. min'ikin, a. & n. mi'norate, v. min'utely, ad. *min'im, n. minora'tion, n. miniu'time, n. mlin'imum,\n. minor'ity, n. minu'tial, a. min'imus, n. min'uend, n. undimin'ishable, a. rmin ion, n. mi'num, n. undimin'ished, a. min'ion-like, or mi'nus, n. MIR- us, a. strange, wonderful: as, ad'mirable, that may be admired, fit to excite wonder. ad'mirable, a. admi'rer, n. Omir'acle, nt. ad'mirably, ad. admi'ring, a. mirac'ulous, a. ad'mirableness, n. admi'ringly, ad. rnirac'ulously, ad admirabil'ity, n. admira'tion, n. mirac'ulousness, n. admire', v. admir'ative, a. Ilmir'ror, n. admi'red, a. mi'rable, a. unadmired', a. Mtsc-Eo, mixtum, v. 2. to mix or mingle: as, miscella'ne. ous, mingled, composed of various kinds. admix', v. min'gled, a. mixtilin'eal, a. admix'ture, n. min'gledly, ad. mixtilin'ear, a. admix'tion, n. min'gler, n. mix'tion, nt. comming'le, v. min'gling, a. mix'ture, n. commix', v. miscellana'rian, a. & n.permis'cible, a. commix'ion, n. mis'cellany, a. & n. permis'tion, or commix'ture, n. miscella'neous, a. permix'tion, n. imming'le, v. miscella'neousness, n. promis'cuous, a. immis'cible, a. mis'cible, a. promis'cuously, ad. immiscibil'ity, n. mis'tion, n. promis'cuousness, n. immix', v. wnix, v. unintermixed', a. immix'able, a. mix'ed, or unming'le, v. incommix'ture, n. mixt, a. unming'led, a. intermix', v. mix'er, n. unmixed', or intermix'ture, n. mix'ing, a. unmixt', a. min'gle, v. " Minim, a little man or being; one of a certain reformed order of Franciscans or Minimi; a note in music. t Minion, a darling, the favourite of a place; a small kind of printing types. t Minor, literally, less, used in opposition to major, greater; a person under age,-that-is, under the age of twenty-one,-who by the laws of this, country is not yet arrived at the power of managing his own affairs, or in the poss'essior of his estate.. Miracle, something that excites wonder; a work, or an effect above human or natural power, performed in attestation of some truth; or a work effected in a manner different from the ordinary course of nature, by the immediate power of the Almighty, for some particular purpose. I: Mirrr, a looking glass; a pattern, an example. MIS 241 MIT MISER, a. wretched, pitiful: as, commis'erate, to pity. commtis'erable, a. commis'erative, a. mis'ery, n. commis'erate, v. commis'eratively, ad. mis$'erable, a. commis'erated, a. commis'erator, n. mis'erably, ad. commis'erating, a. mi'ser, n. mis'erableness, n. commisera'tion, n. mi'serly, a. MIs-os (Eiao0), hatred, enmity, aversion: as, mis'anthrope or misan'thriopist, a hater of mankind. mnisan'thropy, or misanthrop'ic, a. misog'amist, n. mis'anthrope, n. misanthrop'ical, a. *misog'yny, n. misan'thropist, n. misog'amy, n. misog'ynist, n. misan'thropus, n. MITIG —, V. 1. (& mitis, a. meek, mild), to make meek or mild, to soften: as, mit'igate, to make mild, (to alleviate.) immit'igable, a. mitiga'tion, n. mit'igant, a. mitigate, v. mit'igable, a. unmit'igated, a. mit'igated, a. mitigative, a. unmit'igable, a. mzt'igating, a. mitfigator, n. MITT-O, missum, v. 3. to send: as, admit', to send to, (to allow); demit', to send down, (to depress); dismiss', to send asunder or away; omit', to leave out, to pass over, to ncglect; remit', to send back; inamis'sible, not to be lost; transmit'tible, that may be sent beyond, or from place to place. admis'sible, a. amit', v. commis'sure, n. admissibil'ity, n, commissi'on, a. & v. commit', v. admissi'on, n. commissioned, a. commit'ted, a. admissi'on-money a. commissi'oning, a. commit'ting, a. admit,' v. commissi'onal, a. commit'ter, n. admit'ted, a. commissi'oner, in. commitment, n. admit'ting, a. commissi'onary, a. Ocommit'tee, n. admit'ter, n. commissa'rial, a. commit'teeship, n. admit'tible, a. tcommissa'riate, n. commit'tible,. a. admit'tance, n. com'missary, n. som'promit, v. amissi'on, n. coln'missariship, n. Ilcom'promise, n. & v. * Misogyny, hatred of the female sex. t Commnissariate, a body of persons attending an army, commissioned to regu. late the procuration and conveyance of ammunition or provision. t Commissary, an officer who draws up lists of the numbers of an army, and regulates the procuration, &c.; also a delegate, a deputy. Q Committee, those who are sent together, to whom the consideration or order. ing of any matter is referred, either by some court to whom it belongs, or by consent of parties. II Compromise, a mutual promise of two or more parties at differerce, to refer MIT 242 MIT compromisso'rial, a. inadmissibility, n. Ilrnit'timus,. - demise', n. & v. inamnis'sible, a. omit', v. demi'sible, a. inamis'sibleness, n. omit'ted, a. demissi'on, n. intermissi'on, n. omit'ting, a. demiss', or intermis'sive, a. omit'tance, n. demis'sive, a. ifintermit', v. omissi'on, n. demiss']y, ad. intermit'ted, a. omis'sible, a. demit', v. intermit'tent, a. & n. omis'sive, a. dimit', v. intermit'ting, a. ~Tpermit', v. dimissi'on, n. intermit'tingly, ad. ~per'mit, n. dim'issory, a. intromissi'on,. n. permit'tance, n. discommissi'on, v. intromit', v. permissi'on, n. dismiss', v. irremis'sible, a. permis'sive, a. dismis'sed, a. irremis'sibly, ad. permis'sively, ad dismis'sing, a. irremis'sibleness, n. permis'siole, a. dismis'sal, n. manumissi'on, n. premise', v. dismissi'on, n. man'umit, or prem'ise,.z. dismis'sive, a. man.umise, v. prem'ises, n. *em'issary, n. & a manumit'ted, a. pretermit', v. emissi'on, n. manumit'ling, a. pretermissi'on, n. emissiti'ous, a. mis'sile, a. & n. **prom'ise, n. & v. emit', v. missi'on, n. prom'ised, a. extramissi'on, n. missi'onary, n. & a. promisee', n. immissi'on, n. missi'oner, n. prom'ising, a. immit', v. Xmis'sive, a. & n. prom'iser, n. inadmis'sible, a. mit'tent, a. promissory, a. the ending of their controversies to the arbitrament or equity of one or more arbitrators; a compact or bargain, in which some concessions are made on ear.I side. * Emissary, literally, one that sends out; one sent out on private messages; a secret agent, a spy. t Intermit, to send between, (to cease for a time); to grow mild between the fits or paroxysms,-used of fevers. Hence intermittent, sending between, or coming by fits. t Intromission, the act of sending within or in, admission; (in Scottish law) the act of intermeddling with another's effects; as, he shall be brought to an account for his intromissions with such- an estate. M 7Missive, such as is sent-used at a distance; in Scotland, a letter sent-used at the concluding of a treaty or bargain, particularly of the lease of a farm; the proprietor and tenant each receiving a copy of the terms of the lease (called the missive) prqqvious to their being extended on stamp paper. II Mittimus, literally, we send; a warrant, by which a justice commits an offender to prison. ~ Permit', v. literally, to send through, or to let a thing go its way; to allow, without command; to suffer, without authorizing or approving; to give up, to resign. Per'mit, n. a written permission from an officer, to transport goods.particularly spiritous liquors,-from place to place, showing the duty on them to have been paid. ** Promise, literally, to send or set bef6re hand, to make declaration of some benefit to be conferred; to give one's word, to assure;'to exhibit a prospect of good. to excite h, )e,-as, promising weather; the business is in a prcmnisitg wav MNE 243 MOD prom'issorily, ad. remit'tal, n. transmissibil'ity, n. re-admissi'on, n. remit'ted, a. transmissi'on, n. re-admit', v. remit'ment, n. transmis'sive, a. re-admit'tance, n. sub-commit'tee, n. transmit', v. recommissi'on, v. submiss', a. transmit'tal, n. recommissi'oning, a submiss'ly, ad. transmit'lible, a. recommissi'oned, a. submisstness, n. transmit'ted, a. re-commit', v. submissi'on, n. transmit'ter, n. recommit'ted, a. submis'sive, a. transmit'ting, a. recommzit'ting, a. submis'sively, ad. uncommissi'oned, a. remise', v. submis'siveness, n uncommit'ted, a. remi'sed, a. tsubmit', v. unintermissi'on, n. remi'sing, a. submit'ted, a. unintermit'ted, a. #remiss', a. submit'ting, a. unintermit'ting, a. remiss'ly, ad. submit'ter, n. unintermit'tingly,ad. remiss'ness, n. surmi'sal, n. unmis'sed, a. remis'sible, a. surmise', v. & n. unremit'ted, a. remissi'on, n. surmi'sed, a. unremit'ting, a. remis'sive, a.,surmi'ser, n. unremit'tingly, ad. remit', v. surmi'sing, n. & a. unsubmis'sive, a. remit'ter, n. transmis'sible, a. unsubmit'ting, a. remit'tance, n. MNE-O for MNA-o (pvaw), to remind or put in mind: as, mnemon'ics, the art of memory. Iam'nesty, n. mnemon'ic, a. mnemon'ical, a. mnemon'ics, n. MOD-us, m. 2. a measure; a manner; a rule, a direction: as, accom'modate, to suit, to fit; commo'dious, suitable; mod'ulate, to form sound to a certain key or note; immod'erate, not measured or restricted, (excessive.) accom'modate, v. & a. accom'modableness, n. discommo'ded, a. accom'modated, a. commode', v. discommo'ding, a. accom'modately, ad. commo'dious, a. discommo'dious, a. accom'modateness,n. commo'diously, ad. discommod'ity, n. accom'modating, a. commo'diousness, n. immod'eracy, n. accommoda'tion, n. commod'ity, n. immod'erate, a. accom'modator, n. discommode', v. immod'erately, ad. accom'modable, a. discom'modate, v. immod'erateness, n. * Remiss, literally, sent back, not vigorous, careless, slothful, not intense. t Submit, to send under, to let down, to subject or resign, without resistance to authority; to leave to discretion, to refer to judgment; to acquiesce in the authority of another, to yield. Amnesty, a not remembering, an act of oblivion; an act by which crimes against. th'e governmen', to v certain time, are so obliterated. thal they can never be brought into charge MOiL 244 MOL immodera'tion, n. mod'erately, ad. mod'ified, a. irnmod'est, a. mod'erateness, n. mod'ifying, a. imlmod'estly, ad. mod'erating, a. modif'icate, v..,nmod'esty, n. modera'tion, n. modcl'ifier, n. incommode', v. mod'erator, n. modifica'tion, tn. incommo'ded, a. mod'eratorship, n. mod'ifiable, a. incom'rmodate, v. mod'ern, a. & n. modif'icable, a. incoInmoda'tion, n. mod'ernly, ad. mo'dish, a. incommo'ding, a. mod'erness, n. mo'dishly, ad. incommo'dious, a. mod'ernize, v. mo'dishness, n. incommo'diously, ad. mod'ernizer, n. mood, n. incommo'diousness, n. mod'ernist, n. tmod'ule, n. & v. incommod'ity, n. mod'ernism, n. mod'ulate, v. mode, n. mod'ernized, a. mod'ulated, a. mo'dal, a. mod'ernizing, a. mod'ulating, a. modal'ity, n. *mod'erns, n. modula'tion, n. rmod'el,?a. & v. mod'est, a. modula'tor, n. wod'elled, a. mod'estly, ad. Omo'dus, n. mod'elling, a. mod'esty, n. remod'el, v. mod'eller, n. tmod'icum, n. unaccom'modated, a. mod'erate, a. & v. mod'ify, v. unaccom'modating,a mnod'erated, a. MOL-A, f.. a mill-stone; a salted cakle, made of meal and salt, which used to be sprinkled on the head of the victim before it was sacrificed: as, im'molate, to sacrifice; to offer in sacrifice. Ilemol'ument, n. im'molated, a. im'molator, n. emolumen'tal, a. im'molating, a. in'molate, v. immola'tion, n. ~mo'lecule, n. MOLEST-US, a. troublesome, teasing: as, molest', to trouble, to disturb. molest', v. moles'ter, n. molest'ful, a. moles'ted, a. molesta'tion, n. unmolest'ed, a. moles'ting, a. MOLI-oR, v. dep. 4. (a moles, m. 3. a heap or mass), to -* _Moderns (moderne, Fr.; from modernus, low Latin; supposed a casual corcuption of hodiernus; "' vel potius ab adverbio modo modernus, ut a die aiurnus," Ainsworth), those who have lived lately, opposed to the ancients. t Modicum, small portion, pittance. t Module, a model or representation; in architecture, a certain measure or sire taken at pleasure, for regulating the wilole building. 6 Mod us, a compensation fbr tithes. II Emolument, (properly, the grist of a mill; originally, toll taken for grind. tg;) the profit arising from office or-employment; gains in general. 1~ Mol:,cule, a very minute particle of matter MOL 245 MON rear or build: as, demol'ish, to throw down buildings (to destroy.) demol'ish, v. demol'ished, a. mole, n. demol'isher, n. demol'ishing, a. undemol'ished, a. demoliti'on, n. demol'ishment, n. MoLL-s, -a. soft: as, mol'lify, to make soft. emolles'cence, n. emollit'ion, n. mol'lify, v. emol'liate, v. mol'lified, a. mol'lifier, n. emol'liated, a. mol'lifying, a. mol'lifiable, a. emol'liating, a. mol'lient, a. mollifica'tion, n. emol'lient, a. & n. MOMENT-um, n. 2. (& moveo), motion; force, importance or value, weight; the sixtieth part of a minute: as, mo'mentary, lasting for a moment. immo'ment, n. momnen'tal, a. mo'mentarily, ad. immomen'tous, is. momen'tally, ad. momen'tous, a. mo'ment, n. momenta'neous, a. *'momen'tum, n. mo'mently, ad. mo'mentary, a. MONE-o, monitum, v. 2. to put in mind, to warn: as, au mon'ish, to warn of faults; mon'ument, any thing that puts or keeps in mind, a tomb. admon'ish, v. moniti'op, n. premon'ish, v. admon'isher, n. mon'itive,' a. premon'ishment, n. admon'ishment, n. tmon'itor, n. premoniti'on, n. admoniti'on, n. mon'itress, n. premon'itory, a. admoniti'oner, n. mon'itory, a. & n. submon'ish, v. admon'itory, a. monitorial, a. submoniti'on, n. admon'itive, a. mon'ument, n. tsum'mon, v. admon'itor, n. monumen'tal, a. sum'moner, n. mon'ish, v. monumen'tally, ad. sum'mons, n. mon'isher, n. preadmon'ish, v. unadmon'ished, a. MION-OS (souvog), one, alone, solitary: as, mon'achal, pertaining to monks or a monastic life; mon'ad, an indivisible thing; mon'archy, thegovernment of a single person; mon'astery, a house of religious retirement; moniody, a poem sung by ond; monop'athy, solitary feeling or suffering. * Momentum, in mechanics, the quantity of motion in a moving body. This a always equal to the quantity of matter multiplied into the velocity. t Monitor, one who warns of fault, informs of duty, or gives useful hints: ased of an upper scholar in a school, commissioned by the master to look tothe boys of his class in his absence, and' assist them in the preparation of their lessons. I Summon (sum for sub), to warn up, to call with autllority, to cite. MON -246 MON antlmonarch'ic, a. monas'ticism, n. monographical, a. antimonarch'ical, a. Imonelcian, n. & a. t:mon'ogyn, n. antimon'archist, n. monk, n. monogyn'ian, a. angiomonosperm'ousa.monk'ery, n. mon'ologue, n. mon'achal, a. monk'ish, a. &llmon'ome, or mon'achism, n. monoc'eros, or mono'mial, n. mon'ad, n. monoc'erot, n. monom'achy, n. -mon'adelph, n. mon'ochord, n. monop'athy, n. monadelph'ian, a. monochromatic, a. Illlmonopet'alous, a. monad'ical, a. &mon'ocule, n. ~~Tmon'ophthong, n. monad'ic, a. monoc'ular, a. monophthon'gal, a. ~*'monan'der, n. monoc'ulous, a. ***monoph'yllous, a. monan'drian, a. monodac'tylous, a. ttimonoph'ysite, n. mon'archy, n. mon'odist, n. monop'olize, v. mon'arch, n. Ilmon'odon, n. monop'olizer, n. mon'archess, n. mon'ody, n. monop'olist, n. monarch'al, a. 1mon'ogam, n. tflmonop'oly, n. monarch'ial, a. monog'amy, n. O{{monop'tote, n. monarch'ic, a. monog'amist, n. monosperm'ous, a. monarchical, a. monogam'ian, a. mon'osyllable, n. mon'archise, v. moriog'amous, a. monosyl'labled, a. mon'archist, n. **mon'ogram, n. monosyllab'ical, a. mon'astery, n. mon'ogrammal, a. Illlllmon'ostich, n. monas'tic, a. & n. tfmonog'raphy, n. 11~~~monostroph'ic, a. monas'tical, a. mon'ograph, n. monoth'eist, n. monas'tically, ad. monograph'ic, a. monoth'eism, n. * Monadelph, in botany, a plant whose stamens are united in one body by the filaments. t Monander, in botany, a plant having one stamen onl t Monecian, in botany, one of that class of plants, whose male and female flowers are on the same plant.' Monocule, an insect with one eye. II Monodon, the unicorn fish, or sea unicorn, which has a remarkable horn projecting from its upper jaw, called also the monoceros, or horned narwhal. Its usual size is from 16 to 20 feet. Mfonogam, in botany, a plant that has a simple flower, though the anthers are joined. ** Monogram, a character or cipher, composed of one, two, or more letters interwoven, being an abbreviation of a name, used on seals, &c. tt Monography, a description drawn in lines without colours. tf Monogyn, in botany, a plant having only one style or stigma. % Monome or monomiall, in algebra, a quantity that has but one name, letter or denomination,-as, ab, aab, aaab.-IIarris. 1111 Monopetalous, is used for such flowers as are formed out of one leaf howsoever they may be seemingly cut into many small ones, and those fall off together. 1~1 Monophthong, a simple vowel-sound. *** Monophyllous, having one leaf only. tft Monophysite, one who maintains that Jesus Christ had but one nature ft~ Monopoly, the sole power or exclusive privilege of selling any thing. 0 MAonoptote, a noun used only in some one oblique case. 1III1! Monostich, a composition consisting of one verse only. ~r~~ Mllonostrophic, having one strophe; not varied in measure; written in a* varied measure. MON 247 MOO1 *wnomoth'elite, n. monoto'nial, a. monoton'ical, a. mon'otone, n. monot'onous, a. unmonop'olize, v. tmonot'ony, n. MoNs, mont-is, m. 3. a high hill: as, moun'tainous, full of,High hills. dismount', v. mountaineer', n. remount', v. dismoun'ted, a. mnoun'tainous, a. surmount', v. dismoun'ting, a. moun'tainoUsness, n. surmoun'table, a. moun'tant, n. tmoun'tebank, n. surmoun'ted, a. montan'ic, a. moun'ted, a. surmoun'ter, n. mound, n. & v. mount'er, n. surmoun'ting, a. moun'ded, a. moun'ting, n. tramon'tane, n. & a. moun'ding, a. moun'tingly, ad. ultramon'tane, a. mount, n. & v. prom'ontory, n. unsurmoun'table, a. moun'tain, n. & a. MONSTR-O, V. 1. to show, to point out; to tell or declare as, dem'onstrate, to show or prove with the highest de gree of certainty; mon'ster, a prodigy, a being out oJ the common course of nature;, mus'ter, to collect troops for review, to assemble. demon'strable, a. demon'stratory, a. premonstra'tion, n. demon'strably, ad. indemonstrable, a. remon'strate, v. dem'onstrate, v. mdn'ster, n. remon'strating, a. dem'onstrated, a. mon'strous, a. & ad. remonstra'tion, n. dem'onstrating, a. mon'strously, ad. remon'strance, n. demonstra'tion, n. mon'strousness, n. remon'strant, n. & a demonstrative, a. monstros'ity, n. remonstra'tor, n. demon'stratively,ad. mus'ter, n. & v. undemon'strable, a. dem'onstrator, n. premon'strate, v. MONTAN-US, m. 2. an ancient heretic. mon'tanism, n. mon't'anist, n. montanis'tical, a. mon'tanize, v MORAVI-s, f. 1. a country in Germany-Ilmora'vian, n. & a. * Monothelite, (OeXncts, thelesis, will), one who holds that Christ had but one will. t Monotony or Monotone, one tone or sound, uniformity of sound ~ want of proper cadence in pronunciation. T Mountebank, one who mounts a bench or stage in the market or other public place, and boasts his infallible remedies and cures, —any boastfiul or false pre. tender. l Montanism, 1 the tenets of Montanus, an ancient heretic, who, about the close of the second century, founded a sect; unjustly pretending to:be a prophet; multiplying fasts; forbidding second marriages; condemning all care of the body; and declaring that philosophy, arts, and whatever savoured of polite earning, should be banished from the Christian church."-Johnson's Dict. by Todd. I Moravia n, one of a religious sect of _Moravian and Bohemian brethren 23 MOR 248 MOR MoRB-US, m. 2. a disease: as, morbif'ic, causing disease, morbil'lous, pertaining to measles. *cholera-mor'bus, n. morbf'ic, or morbose', a. mor'bid, a. morbif'ical, a. morbos'ity, n. mor'bidness, n. morbil'lous, a. MoRD-EO, morsum, v. 2. to bite: as, remorse', a biting back, pain of guilt; morda'cious, biting, given to biting morda'cious, a. mor'sel, n. remnorsed, a. morda'ciously, ad. mor'sure, n. remorseful, a. mordac'ity, n. remord', v. remorse'less, a. mor'dicancy, n. remord'ency, n. remorse'lessly, ad. mor'dicant, a. remorse', n. remorse'lessness, n. mordica'tion, n..MIo0os-us, a. peevish, ill to please. morose!, a. morose'ness, n. moros'ity, n. morose'ly, ad. MORPH-E (pogopq), a form or figure: as, metamorph'ose, to change the fiorm or ihape; amorph'ous, without form, of irregular shape. amorph'y, n. anthropomorph'ous, a. metamorpho'sis, n. amorph'ous, a. metamorph'ic, a. metamorph'osic, a. tanamorpho'sis, n. metamorph'ose, v. metamorph'osing, a. anthropomorph'ism, n. metamorph'ism, n. metamorphos'tical,n tanthropomorph'ite, a. MoRs, mort-is, f. 3. death: -as, mor'tal, liable to death, or causing death; commo'rient, dying with or at the same time; mor'tuary, a burial-place, or belonging to it. amort', adv. lamor'tize, v. amortiza'tion, or which was founded in the fifteenth century. In modern times, one of the United Brethren, who are followers of Count Zinzendorf, a German nobleman; called also Herrnhuters. * Cholera-morbus, a dangerous disease, which visited Great Britain in 1831, with great virulence and mortality, proving fatal in some places to the one-half, and ip general to the one-third of its victims. t Anamorphosis, in perspective drawings, a deformed or distorted portrait or figure, which, in one point of view, is confused or unintelligible, and in another, is an exact and regular representation. t. Anthropomorphites, a sect of ancient heretics, who believe a human Jorm in the Supreme Being. $ An-r.tize, in English law, to alienate in mortmain, that is, to sell to a corporation, sole or aggregate, ecclesiastical or temporal, and their succus sors. This was considered as selling to dead hands, (in mortmain.) MOS 249 MOV amor'tizement, n. tmor'lalize, v. ~ mortifica'tion, n.. commo'rient, a. fmort'gage, n. & v. mor'ttifing, a. dismort'gage, v. mort'gaged, a. nmorl'main, n. immor'tal, a. mortgagee', n. mor'tuary, n. & a. immor'tally, ad. Ynort'gager, n. mur'der, n. & v. immortal'ity, n. mortif'erous, a. mur'dered, a. immor'talize, v. tmor'tise, n. & v. mur'derer, n. immor'talized, a. mor'tised, a. mur'deress, n. inmmor'talizing, a. mor'tising, a. mur'dering, a. immortifica'tion, n. mor'tisement, n. mur'derous, a. *mort, n. mor'tify, v. mur'derously, ad. mor'tal, a. & n. mor'tifier, n. unimmor'tal, a. mor'tally, ad. mor'tified, a. unmort'gaged, a.,mortal'ity, n, mor'tifiedness, n. unmor'tified, a. Mos, mor-is, m. 3. a manner or custom: as, mor'al, relat. ing to manners or morality; morig'erous, obedient, obsequious. antimor'alist, n. immoral'ity, n. mor'alizer, n. demor'alize, v. mor'al, a. & n. mor'alizing, a. & n. demoraliza'tion, n. mor'ally, ad. moraliza'tion, n. demor'alized, a. moral'ity, n. mor'als, n. demor'alizing, a. mor'alist, n. morig'erous, a. immorig'erous, a. mor'alize, v. morigera'tion, n. immorig'erousness,n. mor'alized, a. unmor'alized, a. immor'al, a. MovE-o, motum, v. 2. to move: as, commo'tion, a moving together, a tumult; immove'able, that cannot be moved; promote', to move forward, to advance. amo'tion, n. immoveabil'ity, n. mo'tionless, a. admove', v. irremove'able, a. mo'tive, a. & i. amove',~ v. irremoveabil'ity, n motiv'ity, n. commo'tion, n. lldcomo'tion, n. mottor, n. commo'tioner, n,. locomo'tive, a. mootory, a. commove', v. locomotiv'ity, n. move, v. & n. countermo'tion, n. mob, n. & v. moved', a. emo'tion, n. mob'bish, a. mov'er, n. irmmove'able, a. mo'bile, a. & n. move'able, a. immove'ableness, n. mobil'ity, n. move'ably, ad. irmmove'ably, ad. mo'tion, n. & v. move'ables, n. * Mort, a tune sounded at the death of game; also, a salmon in his third year. t Mlortgage, literally, a dead pledge; the grant of an estate in fee, as security for the payment of money; also, a pledge of goods or chattels by a debtor to a creditor, as security for the debt. t orI'tie.e, a hole cut into wood, that another piece may be put into it and forrm a joint. MAortitmain, see under amortize, p. 248 ii Loco-?otion, the act or power of moviTng from place to place. MUC 250 MUL love'ableness, n. promo'ting, a. removed', a. move'less, a. promo'tive, a. remov'edness, n..,move'ment, n. remote', a. remov'er, n. mo'lvent, a. & n. remote'ly, ad. remov'ing, a. mov'ing, a. & n. remote'less, a. unmove'able,. a. mov'ingly, ad. remote'ness, a. unmoved', a. mov'ingness, n. remo'tion, n. unmov'ing, a. promote', v. remove', v. & n. unremoved', a. p-romoted', a. remove'able, a. unremove'able, a. promo'ter, n. remov'al, n. unremove'ably, ad. promo'tion, n. luc-us, m. 2. the filth of the nose, slime: as, mucilag'in. ous, pertaining to mucilage, slimy. mzu'cic, a. ftmu'cite, n, muck, n. & v. mu'cid, a. mu'cous, a. muc'ky, a. muicidness, n. mu'cousness, n. muc'kiness, n. -mu'cilage, vn. mu'culent, a. muck'worm, n. mucilag'inous, a. $mu'cus, n. mucoso-sac'charine, mucilag'inousness,n. In. MIUFTI (Turk), the high-priest of the Mahometans. Muoa-o, v. 4. to bellow or low-mu' gient, a. remu'gient, a. MULG-O for VUL.G-O, v. 1. (a vulgus), to make known among the people, to publish. (See Vulgus.) MIULT-US, a. many: as, mul'tifid, many-cleft; multiloe'ular, having many cells; multip'arous, producing many at a birth; mul'tiped, an insect with many feet. multang'ular, a. mul'tiform, a. multip'arous, a. mxltang'ularly, ad. multiform'ity, n. multip'artite, a. multang'ularness, n. -multigen'erous, a. mul'tiped, n. & a. multicap'sular, a. multiju'gous, a. mul'tiple, n. & a. multica'vous, a. multilat'eral, a. mul'tiplex, a. multifa'rious, a, multilin'eal, a. mul'tipliable, a. multifa'riously, ad. multiloc'ular, a. mul'tipliableness, n. multifa'riousness, n. multil'oquous, a. mul'tiplicable, a. mul'tifid, a. multinom'inal, or multiplicand', n. multif'lorous, a. y multino'mial, a. mul'tiplicate, v. * Mucilage, in chemistry, one of the proximate elements of vegetables The same substance is a gum when solid, and a mucilage when in solution. The liquor which moistens and lubricates the ligaments and cartilages of the articulations or joints in animal bodies. t M]ucite, a combination of a substance with mucous acid. t Mucus, a viscid fluid secreted by the mucous membrane, which it serves to moisten and defend. It covers the lining membranes of all the cavities which open externally, such as those of the mouth, nose, lungs, intestinal canal, urinary Ftssaga,, ec. It differs from gelatine. MUL 251 MUN mul'tipllcative, a. multip'otent, a. multiv'agous, a. multiplica'tion, n. multipres'ence, n. multiv'ious, a. mul'tiplicator, n. multisil'iquous, a. multoc'ular, a. multiplic'ity, n. multis'onous, a. *mul'tivalve, n. mul'ti ply, v. multisyl'lable, a. multivalv'ular, a. multiplied', a. mul'titude, n. multiv'ersant, a. mul'tiplier, n. multitu'dinous, a. overmul'titude, v mul'tiplying, a. ~ multiv'agant, or MULCT —. or MULT-., f. 1. a fine, a penalty. mulct, n. & v. mulct'uary, a. MUN'D-US, m. 2. the world: as, mun'dane, of the world. antemun'dane, a. mun'dane, a. supramun'dane, a, extramun'dane, a. mundiv'agant, a. ultramun'dane, a. intermun'dane, a. postmun'dane, a. NIUNvD-US, a. clean: as, mundifica'tion, the act of cleans. ing any body. immund', a. mun'datory, a. mundificaition, n. immundic'ity, n. tmun'dic, n. mundif'icative, a. nmunda'tion, n. mun'dify, v. & n. MUvNICIPT-UJ, n. 2. (a munus, office, duty, et capio), a qfree city, or town- munic'ipal, a. municipal'ity, n. MUNI-o, munitum, v. 4. to inclose with walls, to fol tify: as, premuniti'on, anticipation of objections. dammuniti'on, or mu'nite, v. premunite', v. muniti'on, n. 1lpremunire', or premuniti'on, n. ammuniti'on-bread, n. premunire', n. premu'nitory, a. mutniment, n. qfUNUs, er-is, n. 3. a gift or present; an office; a part, a portion: as, commu'nicate, to give a share with, to impart; mu'nerary, relating to a gift; munif'icent, ma* lultivalve, an animal which has a shell of many valves or folding-doors. t Mundic, a mineral substance-so called from its shining appearance. t AMunicipial, as used by the Romans, originally designated that which per: ained to a municipium, a free city or town. It still retains this limited sense. ut we have extended it to what belongs to a state or nation, as a distinct, inlependent body. Municipal law or regulation, respects solely the citizens of a.,tate, and is thus distinguished from commercial law, political law, and the la'w 9f nations. O Ammunition or Munition, military stores, or provisions for attack or defence In modern usage, the articles which are used in the iascharge of fire-arms andi ordnance of all kinds; as powder, balls, bombs, various kinds of shot, &4c. 1I Premunire, in law, the offence of introducing foreign authority into England and the writ which is grounded on the offence; also the penalty incurred by the,ffence above described. 23. MUR 252 MUR irg a gift —liberal in giving or bestowing; immu'nzty freedom or exemption, privilege. com'mon, a. & n. commu'nicable, a. incommu'nicated, n. com'monly, ad. communicabil'ity, n. incommu'nicative, a. com'monness, n. commu'nicant, n. irremu'nerable, a. com'moner, n. commu'nicative, a. mu'nerary, a. com'mons, n. commu'nicativeness, n.munif'icence, n. com'monable, a. commu'nicatory, a. munif'icent, a. com'monage, n. commu'ning, a. & n. munif'icently, ad. com monalty, n. commu'nion, n. remu'nerable, a. com'mon-council, n. *commu'nity, n. remunerabil'ity, n. com'mon-hall, n. excommu'nicable, a. remu'nerate, v. com'mon-law, n. excommu'nicate, v. remu'nerated, a. com'mon-pleas, n. a. & n. remu'nerating, a. com'mon-place, a. n. excommu'nicated, a. remunera'tion, n. & v. excommu'nicating, a. remu'nerative, a. commonweal', n. excommunica'tion, n. remu'neratory, a. com'monwealth, n. immu'nity, n. uncom'mon, a. commune', v. & n. incommu'nicable, a. uncom'monly, ad. commu'nicate, v. - incommu'nicably, ad. uncommonness, n. commu'nicated, a. incommu'nicableness,nuncommiu'nicated, a. commu'nicating, a. incommunicabil'ity, n. uncommu'nicative,n communica'tion, n. incommu'nicating, a. MRJRI-s, f. 1. salt-water, brine, or pickle. fmu'riate, n. muriat'ic, a. muriatif'erous, a. mu'riated, a. V/IURMUR, n. 3. a small or low shrill noise. tmur'mur, n. & v. mur'muringly, ad. remur'muring, a. mur'tmurer, n. mur'murous, a. unmur'mured, a. murmura'tion, n. remur'mur, v. unmur'muring, a. mur'muring, n. & a. remur'mured, a. MUR-Us, m. 2. a wall: as, mu'ral, of a wall: as, mu'rage, allowance for keeping walls in repair. circummured', a. immure', v. mu'rage, n. coun'termure, or immu'red, a. mu'ral, a. con'tramure, n. & v. intermu'ral, a. * Community, properly, common possession or enjoyment-as a community of goods. A society of people having common rights and privileges, or common interests, civil, political, or ecclesiastical; or living under the same laws and regulations. This word may signify a commonwealth or state, a body-politic, or a particular society of men within a state,-as a community of monks; and it is often used for the public or people in general, without very definite limits. t lluriate, a salt formed by muriatic acid combined with a base. t Murmur, to make a low continued noise-like the hum of bees, a stream of *w-ater, rolling waves, or like the wind in a forest. To grumble, to complain, to utter..llen discontent. MUS 253 MUT Mus —,* f. 1. (tousa), a muse; a song or poem,: as, muse'. less, disregarding the power of poetry. immu'sical, a. muse'ful, a. mu'sicalncss, n. muse, n. & v. muse'less, a. musici'an, n. tmuse'um, n. tmu'sic, n. mu'sic-book, n. mu'ser, n. mu'sical, a. unmu'sical, a. mu'sing, n. & a. mu'sically, ad. MUscUL-us, m. 2. (a mus, muris, m. 3.-vtug-a mouse), a muscle or sinzew: as, mus'cular, of a muscle, strong. intermuts'cular, a. mus'cle, n. muscular'ity, n. mouse, n. mus'culous, a. lmus'culite, n. mu'rine, a. mus'cular, a. IUSTEL —.S, f 1. a weasel-mus'teline, a. MUTIL-US, a. maimed: as, mu'tilate, to cut off a limb1, oI any essential part, so as. to render the thing imperf: t. mu'tilate, v. & a. mu'tilated, a. mu'tilous, a. mutila'ftion, n. mu'tilating, a. unmu'tilated, a. mu'tilator, n. MUT-O, mutatum, v. 1. to change: as, commute', to ch tInge with, or to put one thing in the place of another; mu'table, subject to change. commute', v. immuta'tion, n. permute', v. commu'table, a. intermuta'tion, n. permu'ter, n. commutabil'ity, n. intransmu'table, a. permuta'tion, t. commuta'tion, n. mu'table, n transmute', v. commu'tative, a. niMu'tableness, n. transmu'ter, i. commu'tatively, ad. mutabil'ity, n. transmu'tablh, a. immu'table, a.'muta'tion, n. transmu'tably, ad. immu'tably, ad. l1mu'tiny, n. & v. transmutabil:ity, n. immu'tableness, n. mu'tineer, n. transnu'ted, a. immutabil'ity, n. mu'tinous, a. transmu'ting, a. iinmute', v. mutinously, ad. transmuta'tion, n. immu'tate, a. mu'tinousness, n. * Musa, the muse, the goddess who presides over mudsc, poetry, elouence,. sctence, 4c. t h...-seum, originally, a building for the accommodation of a college or ocriety of learned men; a house or apartment appropriated as a repository oft things that have an immediate relation to the arts; a cabinet or revositcry vj curiosities. t Music, melody or harmony.-Music is vocal or instrumental: Vocal musui is the melody of a single voice, or the harmony of two or more voices in coD. cert. Instrumental music is that produced by one or more instruments: the science or art of harmonic sounds. O Muscutite, a petrified muscle or shell. II Mutiny, an insurrection of soldiers or seamen against the authority Jf tPsia commanders; open resistance of officers, or opposition to their authority. MUT 254 NAD iM T-us, a. dumb: as, obmutes'cence, loss of speech, silence mute, a. n. & v. mnute'ly, ad. obmutes'cence, n. MU/TU us, a. one another, each other: as, mutuatiti'ous borrowed, taken from some other. commu'tual, a. mu'tually, ad. mutua'tion, n. intermu'tual, a. mutual'ity, n. mutuatiti'ous, a. mu'tual, a. MY-o (,tuw), to close or shut —#my'ope, n. ~my'opy, n. MyYS, my-os (&ugc, nvog), a muscle of the body: as, myog' raphy, a description of the muscles. myog'raphy, n. myog'raphist, n. mnyolog'ical, a. myograph'ical, a. myol'ogy, n. myol'ogist, n. MyRIAs, ad-os (uoggwa, aocog), the number of ten thousand. myr'iad, n. myr'iarch, n. tmyriol'iter, n. tmyriam'eter, n. tmyr'iare, n. MYR-ONv (Pugov), a liquid perfume —myrop'olist, n. MYsT-Es (EUyrcr, a Fuo,0 to shut, to conceal), one initated in sacred mysteries; also, hid, secret: as, myste'rious obscure, hid from the understanding, secret. tmys'tagogue, n. myste'riously, ad. mys'tical, a. myste'riarch, n. myste'riousness, n. mys'tically, ad. rmnys'tery, n. mysg'terize, v. mys'ticism, n. myste'ria], a. mys'tic, a. & n. mys'tics, n. myste'rious, a. MYTH-Os (tuo.g), a word, a fiction, a fable: as, myth'ic, belonging to fables, fabulous. myth'ic, a. mythog'rapher, n. mytholog'ical, a. myth'ical, a. mythol'ogy, n. mytholog'ically, ad. mythog'raphy, n. mythol'ogist, n. mythol'ogize, v. N. NADIP., (Arab.) the point under foot, directly opposite to the zenith. * Myope, a short-sighted person: Myopy, short-sightedness. t Mygriameter, Myriare, or Myrioliter, French measures. t ystagogue, one who interprets mysteries; one that keeps church relics, and shows them to strangers. ~ Mystery, literally, a hiding or shutting; a profound secret; something wholly unknown, or something kept cautiously concealed, and therefore exciting curiosity or wonder. In religion, any thing in the character or attributes of God, or in the economy of divine providence, which is not revealed to man.''hat which is beyond human comprehension, until explained, and often convey. ing the Idea of something awfully sublime or important. An enigma; a trade or calling. NAN 255 NAS NANKIN or NANKEEN, a kind of light cotton, first nmanu. factured at Nanking, a town in China. NARC-E (vagxj), numbness or torpidness; torpor or stupor as, narcotic, causing stupor or torpor. *narcis'sus, n. narcot'ic, a. & n. narcot'ical, a. tnarco'sis, n. narcot'icness, n. narcot'ically, ad. NARD-US, f. 2. (va&gs), spikenard, an odorous or aromatic plant-nard, n. nar'dine, a. NARR-o, V. 1. to tell, to relate: as, nar'rate, to tell, to relate; nar'ratory, giving an account of events. nar'rable, a. nar'rating, a. narra'tor, n. nar'rate, v. nar'rative, a. & n. nar'ratory, a. nar'rated, a. nar'ratively, ad. unnar'rated, a. narra'tion, n. NASC-OR, natus, v. dep. 3. to be born, to spring: as, na'tal, pertaining to birth; renas'cent, sprznging or rising into being again; nat'uralist, one who studies nature or ts history.:adna'ta, n. connat'uralness, n. in'nately, ad..ad'nate, a. connatural'ity, n. in'nateness, n. adnas'cent, a. connat'uralize, v. nas'cency, n.'llag'nate, a. & n. counter-nat'ural, a. nas'cent, a. agnat'ic, a. dena'tionalize, v. na'tal, a. ~fagna'tion, n. disna'tured, a. nataliti'al, or **cog'nate, a. & n. disnat'uralize, v. nataliti'ous, a. cogna'tion, n. ill-na'ture, n. na'tion, n. connas'cence, n. ill-na'tured, a. na'tional, a. con'nate, a. ill-na'turedly, ad. na'tionally, ad. connat'ural, a. ill-na'turedness, n. na'tionalness, n. connat'urally, ad. in'nate, a. nationality, n. * Narcissus, in botany, the daffodil, a genus of plants of several species. They are of the bulbous-rooted tribe, perennial in root, but with annual leaves and flower-stalks. t Narcosis, stupefaction, privation of sense. t Adnata, in anatomy, one of the coats of the eye, lying between the sclerotica and conjunctiva; such parts of animal or vegetable bodies as are usual and natural,-as the hair, wool, horns; or accidental, as fungus, misletoe, and ex crescences; offsets of plants germinating underground, as from the lily, narcissus, hyacinth, -c. 6 Adnate, in botany, pressing close to the stemn, or growing to it. II Agnate, n. any male relation by the father's side. Agnate, a. related or akin by the father's side. ~ Agnation, relation by the father's side only, or descent in the male linedistinct from cognation, which includes descent in the male and female lines of the same father or original. ** Cognate, n. in Scots law, any male relation, through the mother.-Cogamte. a. related or allied by blood; of the same origin or stock. NAS 256 NAV na'tionalize, v. nat'uralize, renas'cible, a. na'live, t. & n. nat'uralized, a. subnas'cent, a. na'tively, ad. naturaliza'tion, n. supernat'ural, a. na'tiveness, n. nat'uralizing, a. supernat'urally, ad, nativ'ity, n. *nat'urals, n. supernat'uralness, n. na'ture, n. *nonnat'urals, n. unna'tive, a. na'turist, n. post'nate, a. unnat'ural, a. nat'ural, a. & n. preternat'ural, a. unnat'urally, ad. nat'urally, ad. preternat'urally, ad. unnat'uralness, n. nat'uralness, n. preternat'uralness, n. unnat'uralize, v. nat'uralist, n. renas'cency, n. unnat'uralized, a. nat'uralism, n. renas'cent, a. NAs-us, m. 2. the nose: as, na'sal, belonging to the nose. na'sal], a. & n. tnas'cal, n. Inas'icornous, a. lna'sute, a. NAT-O, v. 1. (d no, v. 1. to swim, to sail), to swim. na'tant, a. na'tatory, a. supernata'tion, n. nata'tion, n.' superna'tant, a. NATUR-A, f. 1. ( natus, born), nature. (See.V'ascor.) NAUSE-.q, f 1. (vauvoa, alb vau, a ship), sea-sickness, loathing, squeamishness. nau'sea, n. ndu'seous, a. nau'seousness, n. nau'seate, v. nau'seously, ad. NAUT-., f 1. (i. navis, a ship), a sailor or mariner. nau'tic, a. nau'tical, a. tlnau'tilus, n. NAV-IS, f 3. (vacu), a ship.: as, nav'igate, to pass on water in ships, to sail; na'vy, a fleet of ships-commonly of war. circumnav'igate, v. ~Tnau'fiage, n. na'va], a. circumnaviga'tion,n. nau'fragous, a. na'vy, n. circumnav'igator, n. **zaul'age, n. ttna'varch, n. circumnav'igable, a. nau.'machy, n. ttnav'archy, n. innav'igable, a. naus'copy, n. navic'lllar, a. * Non-naturals, in medicine, things which, by the abuse of them, become the causes of disease,-as meat, drink, sleep, rest, motion, the passions, retentions, excretions, fc. —opposed to naturals, whatsoever belongs naturally to an animal But natural, an idiot; one bor rwithout the usual powers of reason or under. standing: This is probably ellij5tical, fbr natural fool. t Nascal, a kind of medicated pessary; a pessary made of wool or cotton, to raise the nose when compressed. Nt asicornouts, having a horn growing on the nose. N Nasute, critical, nice, captious.'I Nautibls, a shell-fish furnished with arms analogolus to oars and a sail. ~ Naufrage, shipwreck. ** Naulage, freight of passengers in a ship *t Navarch, in ancient Greece, the commander of a fleet. tt Navarchy. knou ledge of managing ships NAZ 257 NEC nav'igable, a. nav'igating, a. renav'igated, a. nav'igableness, n. naviga'tion, n. renav'igating, a. nav'igate, v. nav'igator, n. unnav'igable, a. nav'igated, a. renav'igate, v. unnav'igated, a. NAZARETH (Heb. separated, sanctified), a village in Gai.Z lee: as, Jaz'aritism, doctrines of the JVNazarites. Naz'areth, n. *Naz'arite, n. Naz'aritism, n. *Naz'arene, n. Naz'ariteship, n. NE, adv. not: as, nefand'ous, not to be spoken or named. necessa'rian, n. neces'sity, n. nefa'rious, a. nec'essary, a. & n. ne'science, n. nefa'riously, ad.. neces'sitate, v. nefand'ous, a. none, a. neces'sitous, a. NEBUTL-A, f. 1. (vlEo), a mist or fog, a cloud. tneb'ula, or neb'ulous, a. nebulos'ity, n. neb'ule, n. neb'ulousness, n. NEcEssE, a. (a ne, riot, & cesso, to give up), what ie!ver1 yields, needful, necessary, what must be: as, nece-'sitate, to make necessary or indispensable. equinec'essary, a. necessita'rian, n. neces'sitously, ad. necessa'rian, n. neces'sitate, v. neces'sitousness, n. nec'essary, a. & n. necessita'tion, n. neces'situde, n. nec'essaries, n. neces'sitated, a. unnec'essary, a. nec'essarily, ad. neces'sitating, a. unnec'essarily, (ad. nec'essariness, n. neces'sitous, a. unnec'essariness, n. neces'sity, n. NEcR-os (vsxgog), a dead body: as, necroman'tic, pertaining to necromancy; necro'sis, disease of the bones. necrol'ogy, n. nec'romancer, n. necroman'tically, ad. necrolog'ical, a. necroman'tic, a. tnec'ronite, n. necrol'ogist, n. necroman'tical, a. necro'sis, n. nec'romancy, n. NECTAR, n. 3. (vsxcrag), the drink of the gods: as, nectarif'erous, producing nectar, or very sweet drink. * Nazarene, an inhabitant of Nazareth; one of the early converts to Chris tianity,-in contempt. Acts xxiv. 5. But Nazarite, a Jew who professed extra oldinary purity of life and devotion. See Numb. vi. Judg. xvi. 17. Lukle i. 1.5. t Nebula or Nebule, a dark spot, a.film in the eye, or a slight opacity of the cornea. In astronomy, a cluster of fixed stars, not distinguishable from each other, or scarcely visible to the naked eye, and exhibiting a dim hazy light, ap pearing like dusky specks or clouds through the telescope.;. Necronite, fettd feldspar; a mineral which, when struck or pounded, exhlales a felid od.our, lilke that of )putr-d flesh NEC 258 NEM nec'tar, n. necta'reous, a. nectarif'erous, a. nec'tared, a, nec'tarine, a. & n. nec'tarize, v. necta'rial, a. nec'tarous, a. *nec'tary, n. necta'rean, a. NECT-O, v. 3. to tie or bind, to knit: as, annex', to tie o0 bind to; connec'tion, the act of binding together. annex', v. connec'tive, a. & n. disconnec'ting, a. annex'ed, a. connec'tively, ad. inconnec'ted, a annex'ing, a connec'tion, or inconnec'tedly, ad. annex'ion, n. connex'ion, n. inconnec'tion, n. annexa'tion, n. connex', v. reannex', v. annex'ment, n. connex'ive, a. reannexa'tion, n. connect', v. disconnect', v. reannexed', a. connec'ted, a. disconnec'ted, a. reannex'ing, a. connec'ting, a. disconnec'tion, n. unconnec'ted, a. NEFARI —US, a. wicked, impious. nefa'rious, a. nefa'riously, ad. NEG for NEc, conj. neither, nor; not. neglect', v. & n. neglect'fully, ad. nego'tiable, a. neglec'ted, a. neglec'tion, n. nego'tiant, a. neglec'ting, a. neglec'tive, a. nego'tiate, v. neglec'tingly, ad. neg'ligence, n. negotia'tion, n. neglec'ter, n. neg'ligent, a. nego'tiator, n. neglect'ful, a. neg'ligently, ad. NEG-O, v. 3. to deny, to refuse: as, neg'ative, denying,opposed to affirmdtive,-also to positive. ab'negate, v. deni'al, n. neg'atory, a. ab'negator, n. deni'able, a. fren'egade, or abnega'tion, n. nay, ad. & n. trenega'do, n. den'egate, v. nega'tion, n. renege'. v. denega'tion, n. neg'ative, a. n. & v. undeni'able, a. deny', v. neg'atively, ad. undeni'ably, ad. deni'er, n. NEGOTI —UM, n. 2. (nec, not, & otium, ehse), a business, any matter or thing: as, nego'tiate, to transact busines.s nego'tiable, a. nego'tiate, v. negotia'tion, n. negotiabil'ity, n. nego'tiated, a. nego'tiator, n. nego'tiant, n. nego'tiating, a. unnego'tiated, a. NEnMUS, 6r-is, n. 3. (vest.o), a grove or wiood. tnem'olite, n. nem'oral, a. nem'orous, a. * Nectary, in botany. the melliferous part of a vegetable-peculiar to a flower. + Re.egade or Renegado, one who denlies the faith, an apostate from the faith: "re ho deserts to an enerny, a deserter; a vagabond. t lNnolite, an arborized stone. NEO f259 NEX Nu-os (veo.), new: as, NJeapol'itan, an inhabitan: of the new cityj, or JV;ples; neoter'ic, neuw, modern. Neap'olis, or neol'ogist, n. *neono'mian, n. Na ples, n. neol'oger, n. tne'ophyte, n. & a. N2eapol'itan, a. & n. neolog'ical, a. neoter'ic, a. & n. neog'amist, n. neolo'gian, n. neoter'ical, a. neol'ogy, n. neol'ogism, n. NERV-Us, m. 2. (vsugov), a sinew or tendon. (See Neuron.) NEs-os (vrog), an island: as, Peloponne'sus, the island of Pelops,-the ancient name of the Morea. Cher'sonese, n. Peloponne'sus, n. Polyne'sia, n. NEUR-o.J (veugov), a nerve, a sinew: as, en'ervate, to take out the nerve or strength, (to weaken); aponeuro'sis, expansion of a tendon or nerve into a membrane. aponeuro'sis, or nerv'ous, a. neurop'tera, n. aponeu'rosy, n. nerv'ously, ad. neurop'teral, a. enerve', v. nerv'ousness, n. {neu'rospast, n. en'ervate, v. & a. nerve'less, a. Ilneurot'ic, a. & n. en'ervated, a. nerv'y, a. ~neurot'omy, n. en'ervating, a. nerv'ose, a. neurot'omist, n. enerva'tion, n. neurol'ogy, n. neurotom'ical, a. nerve, n. & v. neurol'ogist, n. unnerve', v. ner ved, a. neurolog'ical, a. unnerv'ate, a. nerv'ine, a. & n. tneurop'ter, or unnerv'ed, a. NEUTER, a. neither bhe one nor the other; neither of the two: as, neu'tralize, to make neutral. neu'ter, a. & n. neutral'ity, n. neu'tralized, a. neu'tral, a. & n. neu'tralize, v. neu'tralizing, a. & n. neu'trally, ad. neu'tralizer, n. unneu'tral, a. neu'tralist, n. neutraliza'tion, n. NEx, nec-is, f. 3. death, destruction. pernici'ous, a. pernici ously, ad. pernici'ousness, n. NEx-us, p. p. (a necto), tied, bound. (See J'ecto.) * Neonomian, one who advocates new laws, or desires God's law to be alte, ed.-Scott. t Neophyte, a new convert or proselyte,-a name given by the early ChriS tians to such heathens as had recently embraced the Christian fiith, and were considered as regenerated by baptism; a novice, a tyro. T Neuropter or Neuroptera. The Neuropters are an order of insects, having four membranous, transparent, and naked wings, reticulated with veins. A Neurospast, a puppet, a little -figure put in motion by drawing stringR. Il Neurotic, useful in disorders of the nerves. 1 Neurotomgy, the dissection of a nerve, the art or practice of dissectrlg tiw tlerves. 24 NIC 260 NIT Nc-E (vllx), victory: as, epini'clon, a song of triumph. *arsetnic, n. arsen'ious, a. Nic'olas, n. arsen'ical, a. epini'cion, n. Nicola'itan, n. arsen'icate, v. Nica'nor, n. Nicop'olis, n. arsen'icated, a. Nicode'mus, n. Thessaloni'ca, n. NICOT, the name of the man who first introduced tobacco into France, A. D. 1560; hence tobacco. fnico'tian, n. & a. tnic'otin, n. NrcT-O, v. 1. to wink, to twinkle: as, nic'tate, to wink. nic'tate, v. nicta'tion, n. nictita'ting, a. NIDOR, m. 3. the smell qf any thing roasted or burnt, an, fat or strong smell. ni'dor, n. ni'dorous, a. nidoros'ity, n. NmID-s, m. 2. a nest: as, nid'ulant, nestling. nide, n. nid'ificate, v. nid'ulant, a. ni'dus, n. nidifica'tion, n. nidula'tion, n. NIGER, gra, grum, a. black, dusky: as, den'igrate, to make black; nigres'cent, growing black. den'igrate, v. ne'gro, n. tnig'rin, or denigra'tion, n. ne'gress, n. nig'rine, n. Ni'ger, n. nigres'cent, a. NIHIL, n. ind. nothing: as, nihil'ity, state of being nothing anni'hilate, v. & a. anni'hilable, a. nihil'ity, n. annihila'tion, n. NIT-OR, V. dep. 3. to strive or struggle. ren'itence, n. ren'itency, n. ren'itent, a. NITR-Ux, n. 2. nitre or saltpetre: as, ni'tric, belonging to nitre; ni'trify, to make into nitre; ni'tromuriatic, partaking of nitre and muria or salt-water. ni'tre, or ni'try, a. ni'trogen, n. & a. ni'te', n. ni'trous, a. ni'trate, n. * Arsenic, as it is usually seen in the shops, is not a metal, but an oxyd, from which the metal may be easily obtained by mixing it with half its weight of black flux, and introducing the mixture into a Florence flask, gradually raised to a red heat in a sand bath. Arsenic is of a steel-blue colour, quite brittle, and the metal, with all its compounds, is a virulent poison, vulgarly called rats han.e. It. forms alloys with most of the metals. t Nicotian, tobacco; also pertaining to it. MNicotin, the peculiar principle m he leaves of tobacco; a coloturless substance of an acrid taste.' Nigrin, an ore of titanium, found in black grazns or rolled pieces. NIV 261 NOM ~i'trated, a. nitrifica'tion, n. tni'tro-leucic, a. ni'tric, a., ni'trite, n. - nitrom'eter, n. ni'trify, v. f nitrog'enous, a. ni'tro-muriatic, a. NLv-EO, v. 2. to wink: as, connive', to wink; to close the eyes upon a fault or other act, to forbear to see. connive', v. conni'vence, n. conni'vent, a. conni'ver, n. conni'vency, n. Nix, nYv-is, f. 3. snow —ni'veous, a. ni'val, a. NOBIL —IS, a. (a nosco), well known, of high birth. (See JVNosco.) NoC-Eo, v. 2. to hurt: as, in'nocent, not hurting, harmless, free fi'om guilt; nox'ious, hurtful, baneful; nu'isance, that which annoys or incommodes. in'nocence, n. innox'iously, ad. nox'iousness, n. in'nocency, n. innox'iousness, n. nu'isance, or in'nocent, a. & n. no'cent, a. nu'sance, n. in'nocently, ad. no'cive, a. Ilobnox'ious, a. innoc'uous, a. nac'uous, a. obnox'iously, ad innoc'uously, ad. nox'ious, a. obnox'iousness, n. innoc'uousness, n. noox'iously, ad. unobnox'iousness, n innox'ious, a. NOD-Us, m. 2. a knot: as, nod'ule, a little knot or lump. no'dated, a. no'dous, a. nod'ule, n. noda'tion, n. nodose', a. nod'ular, a. node, n. nodos'ity, n. nod'uled, a. nodo'sous, or NOMAS, nomad-os (vocas, vo0ta6o0!, a vsq.w, to feed), living on pasturage. ~Ino'mad, n. no'madize, v. no'madizing, a. nomad'ic, a. NoMEN, T n-is, n. 3. (a nosco), a name: as, denom'inate. tc name, to give name or epithet to; ig'nominy, against name and reputation, public disgrace. agnom'inate, v. agnomina'tion, n. bino'mial, a. * Nitrire, a salt fobrmed by the combination of the nitrous acid with a base. t Nitrogeno ts, pertaining to nitrogen; producing nitre. t Vitroeleuczc, desiwnating an acid obtained from leucine acted on by ntitre.. Nitrometer, an instrument for ascertaining the quality or value of nitre. Il Obnoxious, subject, liable, reprehensible, odious. 11 Nomad, one who leads a wandering life, and subsists by tending herds t,! cattle u hich graze on herbage of spontaneous growth. Such is ihe practice a. this day In the central and northern parts of Asia, and the Nmsidians in Afria are supposed to have been so called fiom this practice. NOM 262 NON blnom'inous, a. name'sake, n. nom'inate, v. *cognom'inal, a. na'ming, a. nom'inated, cognonomina'tion, n na'med, a. nom'inating, a.'denom'inate, v. name'less, a. nomina'tion, n. denomina'ltion, n. name'ly, ad. nominative, a. & n denom'inative, a. na'mer, n. nominator, n. denom'inator, n. tnomencla'tor, n. nominee', n. ig'nomriny, n. nomencla'tress, n. noun,, n. ignomin'ious, a. no'menclature, n. prenom'inate, v. & a, ignomin'iously, ad. nomencla'tural, a. prenomina'tion, n. innomrninable, a. tno'mial, n. prenom'inal, a. innom'inate, a. nom'inal, a. & n. pro'noun, n. multino'mial,. or nom'inally, ad. quadrino'mial, a. inultinom'inal, a. nom'inalist, n. trinomial, a. & n. name,.n. & v. nom'inalize, v. trinom'inal, a. NoM-os (vo00og), a law; a management: as, antino'mian, one who is against law under the gospel dispensation an'omy, a violation of law. an'omy, n. Ilauton'omy, n. econom'ic, a. antino'mian, n. & a. auton'omous, a. edonom'ical, a. antino'mianism, n. -~demon'omy, n. econ'omise, v. an'tinomist, n. demon'omist, n., econ'omist, n. &an'tinomy, n. Deuteron'omy, n. nomog'raphy, n. astron'omy, n. **dys'nomy, n.'ltnomothet'ic, a. astron'omer, n. tffecon'omy, n. nomothet'ical, a. astronom'ical, a. econom'ics, n. llphotonom'ics, n. astron'omize, v. NON, adv. not: as, non'age, not age-under 21, minority; * Cognominal, pertaining to a surname; having the same name. t Nomenclator,'(calo, Lat. KaXto, Gr. to call), one who calls things or persons by their names. In Rome, candidates for office were attended-each by a nomencator, who informed the candidate of the names of the persons they met, and whose votes they wished to solicit. In modern usage, a person who gives names to things, or who settles and adjusts the names of things in any art or eciience. Nomenclature, the list or catalogue of words, a dictionary; the names:f things in any art or science, or the whole vocabulary of names; as the nomenclature of botany or of chemistry. t Nomtal, a single name or term in mathematics. O Ahntinomy, a contradiction between two laws, or between two parts of the same law. II Autonomy, the power or right of self:government, whether in a city which elects its own magistrates, and makes if own laws, or in an individual who lives according to his own will. I Demonomy, the dominion of demons or of evil spirits. * Dy.snomy, ill-ordering of laws; or the enacting bad law. ft Economy, the proper management or regulation of domestic or other affairs Nomothetic, enacting laws, legislative.,t Photonomic v, the science or laws of light. NON 263 ~NOR non-conta'gious, not contagious; nonsense, no sense; nonpareil', no equal. noliti'on, n. nonelec'tric, n. & a. nonprofi'ci'ent, n. nonadmit'tance, n. nonemphat'ic, a. nonres'idence, n. non'age, n. noneli'tity, n. nonres'ident, n. & a. nonappea'rance, n. nonepis'copal, a. nonresis'tance, n. nonappoint'ment, n. nonexis'tence, n. nonresis'tant, a. nonatten'dance, n. noninterfe'rence, n. non'sense, n. noncompli'ance, n. nonju'ring, a. nonsen'sical, a. nonconduc'ting, a. nonju'ror, n. nonsen'sically, ad. nonconduc'tor, n. nonmetal'lic, a. nonsen'sicalness, n. nonconform'ing, a. fnonnat'urals, n. nonsen'sitive, a. noncontbrm'ist, n. tnonpareil', n. & a. nonsolu'tion, n. nonconform'ity, n. nonpay'ment, n. nonsol'vent, n. nonconta'gious, a. non'plus, n. & v. nonsol'vency, n. *nondescript', n. & a. nonproduc'tion, n. nonspa'ring, a. nonelect', n. nonprofbessional, a. 6non'suit, n. & v. Non-us, a. (contr. for novenmus, a novem), ninth. (See J.Nbvem.) No-os (voos), the mind or understanding —noet'ic, a. Nox, noct-is, f. 3. night: as, equinox, equal day and ni*ht; noctid'ian, of a night and day; noctam'bulist, one who.rises from bed and walks in his sleep. Ile'quinox, n. noctam'bulist, n. noctiv'agant, a. equinoc'tial, a. & n. noc'tate, v. noctivaga'tion, n. equinoc'tially, ad. noctid'ial, a. **socItuary, n. night, n. noctid'ian, a. I-tnoc'tule, n. night'ish, a. noctif'erous, a. tinoc'turn, n. night'ly, a. & ad. ~noctil'uca, n. noctur'nal, a. & n. noctambula'tioln, n. noctil'ucous, a. pernocta'tion, n. NoRM-s, f. 1. a rule or square: as, nor'mal, of a rule. abnor'mous, a. enor'mously, ad. enor'mity, n. enor'mous, a. enor'mousness, n. nor'mal, a. * Nondescript, any thing that has not been described. Thus, a plant or anm al'newly discovered is called a nondescript. f Nonnatutrals, see foot-note, p. 256. Nonpareil, excellence unequalled; a sort of apple; a sort of printing type, very small, and the smallest now used except three. Nonsuzit, in law, the default, neglect, or non-appearance of the plaintiff n a o!tit, when called in court, by which the plaintiff signifies his intention to drop the snlt. Hence a nonsuit amounts to a stoppage of the suit. II Equinox, see foot-note, p. 125.' Noctiluca, a species of phosphorus, which shines in darkness, lwthout trme previous aid of solar rays. ** Noctuary, an account of- what passes in the night. lt Noctule, a large species of tat. h Nocturn, an office of dlevotion. or religious service by tgIght. NOR 264 NOS NORWAY, a country in the north of urope. *Nor'man, n. & a. Norwey'an, or Norwe'gian n. & a, Nos-os (voao.S), a disease: as, nosopoet'ic, producing disease. nosol'ogy, n. nosolog'ical, a. nosopoet'ic, a. nosol'ogist, n.: Nosc-o, notum, v. 3. to know: as, noto'rious, publiclyknown, (in a bad sense); nobil'itate, to make noble or grect; connoisseur', a person well versed in any subject; acknowl'edge, to own, to confess, to admit. acknowl'edge, v. igno'bly, ad. no'ticing, a. acknowl'edger, n. igno'bleness, n. no'tice, n. & v. acknowl'edging, a. ignobil'ity, n. no'ticeable, a. acknowl'edgment, n. know, v. no'tify, v. agniti'on, n. know'able, a. no'tified, a. agnize', v. know'er, n. notifica'tion, n. cogniti'on, n. know'ing, a. & n. no'tifying, a. & n. cog'nitive, a. know'ing]y, ad. no'tion, n. cognizee', n. knowl'edge, n. no'tional, a. fcognizor', n. nobil'itate, v. no'tionally, ad. cogn'izable, a. nobilita'tion, n. notional'ity, n. cogn'izance, n. no'ble, a. & n. no'tionist, n. cognos'cence, n. no'bly, ad. lnoto'rious, a. cognos'cible, a. no'bleness, n. noto'riously, ad. cognos'citive, a. nobil'ity, n. noto'riousness, n. connoisseur', n. no'bleman, n.'" notori'ety, n. " fbreknoiw', v. no'blewoman, n. prtecog'nita, or foreknow'able, a. noblesse', n. Ilprecog'nita, n. foreknow'er, n. tno'ta-bene, or precogniti'on, n,'foleknow'ing, a. N. B. preno'lion, n. foreknowl'edge, n. note, n. & v. 1~prothon'otary, n. igno'ble, a. no'ticed, a. prothon'otariship, n. * Norman, at first, a Norwegian; then a native of Normandy. " Their hahbitation was in Norway, so called from the northern situation thereof; and thenl selves Northmen, now vulgarly Normans, upon like reason."- Verstegan.'" The Normans had been a late colony from Norwu.y and Denmark, where the Scalds had arrived to the highest pitch of credit before Rollo's expedition into France." — Bp. Percy. Norway was in 1815 united to Sweden. t Cognizor, one who acknowledges the right of the plaintiff or cognizee in a fine; otherwise called the defendant or defbrciant. I Nota-bene, note well, take notice. S Notorious, publicly known,-usulally known to disadvantage; hence almost alwavs used in an ill sense; as, a notorious thief, a notorious crime or vice. II P'ecognita, things previously known in order to understand something else. Prothonolary, originally, the chief notary or head register. In England, an ofcer in the Court of King's Bench and Common Pleas. In the King's Bench, rne records all civil actions. In the Common Pleas, the prothonotaries, of which there are three, enter and enrol all declarations, pleadings, judgments. &c. mnalke oc:t judicial writs and exemplifications of records, &c. NOT 265 NOV recogn:izable, a. recogniti'on, n. unknow', v. recogn'izance, n. *reconnoi'tre, or unknow'able, a. rec'ognize, v. reconnoit'er, v. unknow'ing, 4. rec'ognized, a. reconnoit'ered, a. unknow'ingly, ad rec'ognizing,:a. reconnoit'ering, a. unknown', a. recognizee', n. unacknbwl'edged, a. unno'ble, a. recognizor', n. unforeknown', a. NOT-A, f: 1. (a nosco), a mark: as, denote', to mark, to show; no'table,- that may be marked, or worthy of notice; an'notate, to make remarks on a writer. an notate, v. deno'table, a. note'-book, n. annota'tion, n. deno'tative, a. no'ted, a. annota'tionist, n. denote'ment, n. no'tedly, ad. an'notator, n. no'table, a. & n. no'tedness, n. connote', v. no'tably, ad. note'less, a. con'notate, v. no'tableness, n. no'ter, n. connota'tion, n. tno'tary, n. noteworthy, a. denote', or nota'rial, a. unno'ted, a. deno'tate, v. nota'tion, n. unno'ticed, a. denota'tion, n. note, n. & v. NOT-Us, m. 2. the south wind-no'tus, n. NOvEM, a. nine: as, noven'nial, of the ninth year; non. il'lion, the number nine million millions. non'agon, n. {nonages'imal, a. noven'nial, a. tno'nes, n. nov'enary, a. & n. IINo'venmber, n. nonil'lion, n. NOVERC-A-, f. 1. a step-mother-nover'cal, a. Nov-us, a. new: a's, in'novate, to introduce novelties, to make changes in any thing established; renew', to make again; newfan'gled, new made. in novate, v. in'novatnd, a. in'novating, a. Reconnoitre or reconnoiter, to view; to survey; to examine by the eye; par. ticularly in military affairs, to examine the state of an enemy's army or camp, or the ground fbr military operations. t Notary, primarily, a person employed to take notes of contracts, trials, and proceedings in courts among the Romans. In modern usage, an officer authorized to attest contracts or writings of any kind, to give them the evidence of authenticity. This officer is often styled notary-public. $ Nones, in the Roman calendar, the.ifth day of the months January, Febru ary, April, June, August, September, November, and December; and the seventh day of March, May,'July, and October. The nones were nine days from the ides. Prayers, formerly so called. O Nonlaoesimal, the ninetieth. II November, the ninth- month, according to the ancient Roman year. begin ning in March; now the eleventh month of the year. NOX 266 NUL innova'ltion, n. news, n. nov'ity, n. in'novator, n. news'-monger, n. renew', v. new, a. news'-paper, n. renew'able, a. inew'ly, ad. nova'tion, n. renew'al, n. new'ness, n. nova'tor, n renew'ed, a. new'ish; a. nov'el, a. n. renew'edness, n. newfan'gled, a. nov'elist, n. renew'er, n. newfkn'gledness, n. nov'elism, n. renew'ing, a. newran'gleness, n. nov'elize, v. ren'ovate, v. newfan'glist, n. nov'elty, n. ren'ovated, a. newmod'el,. v *nov'ice, n. rentovating, a. newmod'elled, a. tnoviti'ate, n. renova'tion, n. newmod'elling, a. noviti'ous, a. unrenew'ed, a. NoxI-A, f 1. (a noceo), a fault, a hurt. (See.Noceo.) NuB-Es, f. 3. a cloud: as, nubif'erous, bringing clouds. enu'bilate, v. nu'bilate, v. obnu'bilate, v. tenu'bilous, a. nu'bilous, a. obnubila'tion, n. nubif'erous, a. NUB-O, nuptum, v. 3; to cover or veil; to marry: as, nutp'tials, marriage; connu'bial, pertaining to marriage. connu'bial, a. nu'bile, a. nup'tial, a. nup'tials, n. NUD-US, a. naked, bare: as, denude', to make bare or naked, to strip; nu'dity, a being nude or naked. denude', or denu'ding, a. nuda'tion, n. denu'date, v. denuda'tion, n. nu'dity, n. denu'ded, a. nude, a. NTUG-E, fJ 1. triJfles, toys: as, nu'gatory, trf ing, futile. nugac'ity, n. nuga'tion, n. nu'gatory, a. NULL-US, a. none, no, no one: as, nul'lify, to makle void, or render invalid; nullifid'ian, of no faith. 8annul', v. disannul'led, a. [Inullibi'ety, n. annul'led, a. disannul'ler, n. nullifid'ian, a. annul'llng, a. & n. disannul'ling, n. & a. nul'lified, a.. annul'rent, n. disannul'mcnt,.n. nutl'lify, v. gdisannul;.. null, v. a. &- n. nul'lity, n. * Novice, one who ts new in any business or thing, a beginner. t Novitiate, the state,te time of learning rudiments. A Enubilons, clear f'rom fog, mist, or clouds. Annul and disanoint. to nmake void, to abrogate, to abolish, to deprive of an thority or force,-used appropriately of laws, decrees, edicts, decisions of courts, air o.ther established rules. pcerm:tnent usages, and the like, which ire made void Ily competent authority See til note, p. 36. Nullibiety, the state )f ihelg nrwhere. NUM 267 NUN NUMER-US, m. 2. a number: as, innu'merable, that cannot be numbered; enumerate, to number out, to count or tell; supernu'merary, one above number. a nnu'merate, v. -nnu'merous, a. nu'merator, n. annumera'tion, n. num'ber, v. & n. numer'ic, a. connumnera'tion, n. num'bered, a. numer'ical, a. enu'merate, v. num'berer, n. numer'icaily, ad. enu'merated, a. num'bering, a. nu'merist, n. enu'merating, a. num'berless, a. numeros'ity, n. enumera'tion, n. *Numr'bers. n. nu'merous, a. enu'merative, a. nu'merable, a. nu'merously; at. equinu'merant, a. nu'meral, a. & n. nu'merousness, n. innu'merable, a. nu'merally, ad. outnum'ber, v. innu'merably, ad. nufmerary, a. supernutmerary, a. innu'merableness, n. nu'merate, v. & n. innumerabil'ity, n. numera'tion, n. uninum'bered, a. NuMM-us or NUM-US, m. 2. (votosg), a piece Jf money, a coin: as, numismat'ics, the science of coins and medals. numismat'ics, n. numismatol'ogist, a. num'mary, or numismat'ic, a. anum'millite, n. num'mular, a. numismatol'ogy, n. NuNcio, v. 1. (2 nuncius, m. 2. a messenger, news), to-bring news, to tell, to declare, to name or call: as, announce' to tell to, to publish or proclaim: enun'ciate, to tell out, to declare. announce', v. denun'ciate, v. tnun'cio, n. announ'ced, a. denuncia'tion, n. nun'ciature, n. announ'cer, n. denun'ciator, n. lnun'cupate, v. announ'cing, a. enun'ciate, v. nuncupa'tion, n. announce'ment, n. enun'ciated, a. nuncupative, or annun'ciate, v. enuncia'tion, n. nuncu'patory, a. annuncia'tion, n. enun'ciating, a. prenuncia'tion, n. denounce', v. enun'ciative, a. pronounce', v. denoun'ced, a. enun'ciatively, ad. pronounce'able, a. denoun'cer, n. enun'ciatory, a. pronoun'ced, a. denoun'cing, a. internun'cio, n. pronouna'cer, n. denounce'mnent, n. mispronounce', v. pronoun'cing, a. * Nuimbers, the fourth book of Moses, so called, because it contains the numbering of the Israelites by Moses. t Nummillite, fbssil remains of a chambered - shell of a flattened form, formerly mistaken fo: money. NTuncio, an ambassador from the Pope to some catholic prince or state. ot who attends some congress or assembly as the Pope's representative; a -mas. seng'er, one who brings intelligence. Nunciature, the office of a nuncio. 6 Nuncupate, to declare publicly and solemnly. Nuncupation, a narta,. Nit'ncpative or Nuinctipatory, norninal, existing only in -name; publicly.v solemnly declaratory; verbal, not written. NUN 268 NYX pronuncia'tion, n. renoun'cer, n. renuncia'tion, n. pronun'ciative, a. renounce'ment, n. unpronoun'ced, a. renounce', v. renoun'cing, n. & a. unpronounce'able, a rernoun'ced, a. NUNDIN-.E, f. 1. (a nono die, ninth day), a market kept at Rome every ninth day; a market or fair. niun'dinal, a. & n. nun'dinate, v. nundina'lion, n. Nu-o, v. 3. to nod: as, in'nuent, nodding, signifcant. *islnuein'do, or inuen'do, n. in'nuent, a. Nu-tu-o, v. 4. to nourish, to suckle: as, nutrient, nour'ishinr; nu'triment, the thing that nourishes. innutriti'on, n. nurse, n. & v. nutrica'tion, n. innutriti'ous, a. nurs ed, a. nutriment, n. nour'ish, v. nur'ser, n. nutrimen'tal, a. nour'ishable, a. nur'sery, n. nutriti'on, n. nour'ished, a. nurs'ing, a. n nutritious, a. nour'isher, n. nurs'1lng, n. nu'tritive, a. nour'ishing, a. & n. nur'ture, n. & v. nu'triture, n. 7nour'ishment, n. nu'trient, a. & n. unnur'tured, a. Nux, nuc-is, f. 3. a nut: as, nucif'erous, bearing nuts. n ucif erous, a. enu'cleate, v. enu'cleating, a. tnu'clels, n. enu'cleated, a. enuclea'tion, n. NYMPH-S, f. 1. (vvu",), a goddess of the woods, mountains, meadows, and cwaters; and in poetry, a lady. tnymph, or nymphe'an, a. nymph'-like, or nymph'a, n. nymrph'ical, a. nyrnph'ly, a. nym.ph'ish, a. NYx, nyct-os (vux, vuxo-a), night. Oacron'ic, a. acron'ically, or linyc'talops, n. acron'ical, or acron'ycally, ad. ~nyc'talopy, n. acron'ycal, a. * Innuendo; literally, a nod, an obliqtle hint; a remote intimation or reference to a person or thing not named. t Nucleus, properly, the kernel of a nut; but in common usage, any body about wihch matter is collected. The body of a comet, called also its head, which appears to be surrounded with light. I Nymph, according to the ancients, all the world was full of nymphs, some terrestrial, others celestial; and these had names assigned to them according lu their place of residence, or the parts of the world over which they were supposed to preside. In modern usage, another name of the pupa, chrysalis, or aurelia; the second state of an insect passing to its perfect form. 4 Acronic, Acronical, or Acronycal, in astronomy, a term applied to the rising of a star at sun-set, or its setting at sun-rise. This rising or setting is called alcon.ical. The word is opposed to cosmical. II Nycfalops, one that sees best in the night, or who loses his sight as night Domes on, and remains blind till morning. ~ Nyelalopy, the faculty of seeing best in darkness, or the disorder in which the patient lose. his sight at night, &c. OBE 269 OC1I 0. OBELISC-US,* m. 2. (oefigxog), an obelisk. *ob'elisk, n. obelis'cal, a. OBLIQU-us, a. crooked, not direct, aslant. oblique', or, oblique'ly, ad. obliq'uity, n. oblike', a. oblique'ness, n. obliqua'tion, n OBLIVIO, on-zs, f. 3. (obliviscor,-v. dep. 3. toforget),forget Julness..obliv'ion, n. obliv'ious, a. OBSCENNUS, a. immodest, impure, or unchaste; lewd. obscene', a. obscene'ress, n. obscen'ity, n. obscene'ly, ad. OBSCUR-Us, a. dark, abstruse: as, obscu'rity, a being dark, want of light. obscure', a. & v. obscure'ness, n. obscura'tion, n. obscure'ly, ad. obscu'rity, n. unobscu'red, a. OBSTETRIX, iC-is, fi 3. (ab ob et sto, or sisto), a midwif. obstet'rieate, v. obstet'ric, a. obstetrici'an, n. obstetrica'tion, n. obstet'rics, n. OcCULT-us, a. (ob et celo, v. 1. to conceal), hidden, secret toccult', a. occulta'tion, n. occult'ed, a. occult'ness, n. OCHL-Os (0XXo0), the- mob or crowd. ochloc'racy, or ochloc'raty, n. OCEAN-us, m. 2. the ocean or main sea. o'cean, n. & a. ocean'ic, a. Ocean'us, n. OCIJR-., f 1. ('Xga, ab cdXgog, yellowish), an earthy yellow colouring substance. o'chre or o'cher, n. o'chreous or o'cherous, a. o'chrey, a. " Obelisk, a large stone or marble of great height, with four faces, growing smaller and smaller towards the top, till it ends in a point like a pyramid, often charged with.inscriptions or hieroglyphics. Ptolemy Philadelphus raised one of 88 cubits high, in honour of Arsindoe. Augustus erected one in the Campus Martius at Rome, which served to mark the hours on a horizontal dial drawn on: the pavement. In writing or printing, a mark or reference, thus (f). t Oblivion, forgetfulness, a forgetting of offences, a remission of punishment An act of oblivion is an amnesty or general pardon of crimes and offences, granted by a sovereign, by which punishment is remitted. t Occlt. hidden from the eye or understanding, invisible, itnknown. The occult sciences are magic, necromancy, &c. Occult lines, in geometry, are such as are drawn with the compass or a pencil, and are scarcely visible. OCT 270 ODE OCTO (AoXw), eight: as, oc'tonary, belonging to the number eight; octoden'tate, having eight teeth; oc'tuple, elghtfold: oc'tofid, cleft into eight parts. oc'tachord, n. oc'tile, n. oc'tonary, a. oc'tagon, n. oc'tateuch, n. octonoc'ular, a. octag'onal, a. a. octopet'alous, a. *octahe'dron, n. ilocta'vo, n. octora'diated, a. octahe'dral, a. octen'nial, a. **oc'tostyle, n. ~ ocrtan'der, n.: Oc'tober, n. oc'tuple, a. octan'drian, a. octodec'imal, a. octosyl'lable, a. octang'ular, a. octoden'tate, a. octosperm'ous, a. octang'ularness, n. oc'tofid, a. suboc'tuple, or toc'tant, or ~octoloc'ular, a. suboc'tave, a. OCTOGEN-I, a. (ab octo), eighty. octog'enary, a. & n. octogena'rian, n. OcuL-US, m. 2. the eye: as, binoc'ular, having two eyes; oc'ulist, one who cures eyes. f bin'ocle, n. ttmon'ocule, n. oc'ular, a. binoc'ular, a. monoc'ular, or oc'ularly, ad.'inoc'ulate, v. monoc'ulous, a. oc'ulate, a. inoc'ulated, a. multoc'ular, a. oc'uliform, a. inoc'ulating, a. ocel'lated, a. oc'ulist, n. inocula'tion, n. octonoc'ular, a. senoc'ular, a. inoc'ulator, n. OD-E (W23I), an ode, a song or hymn: as, melo'dious, full of melody; ode, a short poem or song; proso'dian, one skilled in prosody..5com'edy, n. come'dian, n. Illep'ode, n. * Octohedron, in geometry, a solid contained by eight equal and equilateral triangles. It is one of the five regular bodies. f Octander, in botany, a plant having eight stamens. Octant or Octile, in astronomy, that aspect of' two planets, in which they are distant from each other the eighth part of a circle, or 450. ~ Octave, the eighth day after a festival, also eight days together after it. In muisic, an eihth, or an interval of eight sounds, or of' seven degrees. or twelve semitones. The Octave is the most perfect of the chords, consisting of six full tones and two semitones niajor. It contains the whole diatonic scale. II Octavo, a book in which a sheet is folded into eight leaves. -[ Octolocular, in botany, having eight cells for seeds. ** Octostyle, in ancient architecture, the face of an edifice adorned with eight columns, or a range of eight columns. Itf Binocle, literally, a double eye; a dioptric telescope, fitted with two tubes. Jomning so as to enable a person to view an object with both eyes at once. t Monocule, see foot-note, p. 246 X~ Comedy, see foot-note, p. 97. 1111 Epode, in lyric poetry, the third or last part of ihe ode, the ancient ode %eing divided into strophe, antistrophe, and epode: Now used as the name of any little verse or verses, that follow one or more great ones. Thus a pentameter after a hexameter, is an epode. ODI 271 ODG II'iad, n. pal'inody, ni rpsai'mody, n. tmel'ody, n. Opar'ody, n. & v. psalmod'ic, a. melo'dious, a. parod'ic, a. **rhap'sody, n. melo'diously, ad. parod'ical, a. rhap'sodist, n. melo'diousness, n. jlpros'ody, n. rhapsod'ic, a. mel'odize, v. proso'dian, n. rhapsod'ical, a. mon'ody, n. proso'dial, a. tttrag'edy, n. mon'odist, n. prosodical, a. trage'dian, n. ode, n. pros'odist, n. tragicom'edy, n. tpal'inode, or ODI, v. pret. 3. I hate or have hated: as, o'dium, hatred, dislike; offensiveness. ino'diate, v. o'dious, a. o'diousness, n. o'dible, a. o'diously, ad. o'dium, n. ODOR, m. 3. a scent er smell, perfumes: as, odorif'erous bearing or giving scent or fragrance. ino'dorate, a. odorif'erous, a. o'dor, or ino'dorous, a. odorif'erousness, n. o'dour, n. o'dorate, a. o'dorous, a. o'dorament, n. o'dorating, a. o'dorousness, n. OD-OS (8os0), a road or way, a journey: as, meth'odist, one who observes method; period'ic, pertaining to a period. amethod'ical, a. ttep'isode, n. episod'ic, a. * Iliad, a song or poem about Ilium, Ilion, Troy; an epic poem, composed by Homer, the great poet of Greece, in 24 books. 1- Melody, see foot-note, p. 230. t Palinode or Palinody, a recantation or declaration contrary to a former one' Parody, a kind of writing, in which the words of an author, or his thoughts are, by some slight alterations, adapted to a different purpose; a kind of poeti. cal pleasantry, in which verses written on one subject are altered and applied to another, by way of burlesque. II Prosody, that part of grammar which treats of the quantity of syllables, of accents, and.of the laws of versification. It includes also the art of adjusting the accent and metrical arrangements of syllables in composition for the lyre.' Psalmody, the act, art, or practice of singing sacred songs. **Rhapsody, originally, a discourse in verse, sung or rehearsed by a rhap-. sodist; or a collection of verses, particularly those of Homer. In modern usage a collection of passages, thoughts, or authorities, composing a new piece, but without necessary dependence or natural connection.-Locke, Watts. tt Tragedy, originally, a song or poem sung in honour of Bacchus, by a chorus of tmusic, with dances and the sacrifice of a goat. A dramatical poem, representing some signal action performed by illustrious persons, and generally having a fatal issue. IEschylus is called the father of tragedy. A fatal and mournful event; any event in which human lives are lost by human violence, more particularly by unauthorized violence. ft Episode, in poetry, a separate incident, story, or action, introduced for the purpose of giving a greater variety to the events related in the poem; an incir dental narrative, or digression, separable from the main subject, but naturally arising from it. 25 ODO 272 OI1)D episod'ical, a. methodical, a. period'ically, ad *kExlodus, n. method'ically, ad. {syn'od, n. ex'ody, n. meth'odism, n. syn'odal, or immethod'ical, a. meth'odist, n. synod'ic, or immethod'ically, ad. methodis'tical, a. synod'ical, a. tmeth'od, n. tpe'riod, n. synod'ically, ad. Inethod'ic, a. period'ic, a. ODOYS, odont-os, (dougs, d6ovros), a tooth. mo0n'odon, n. odontal'gy, n. odontal'gic, a. & n. Ilodontal'gia, or OIDOS (~16oS), a form, a figure: as, bo'tryoid, having the form of a bunch of grapes; spheroid', a body orfigurte approaching to a sphere. ~co'noid, n. **cy'cloid, n. * botryoid'al, a. conoid'ic, or- cycloid'al, a. ttfmet'alloid, n. conoid'al, a. bo'tryoid, or metalloid'al, a. * Exodus or Exody, departure from a place; particularly the departure of the Israelites from Egypt under the conduct of Moses: the second book of the Old Testament, which gives a history of the departure of the Israelites from Egypt t.Mfethod, literally, according to a way; a suitable and convenient arrangewent of things, proceedings, or ideas; way, manner, classification. t Period, literally, a way or path round or about, a circuit; hence, the time which is taken up by a planet in making its revolution round the sun, or the duration of its course till it returns to the point of its orbit where it began. Thus the period of the earth, or its annual revolution, is 365 days, 6 hours. 9 months, and.30 seconds. In chronology, a stated number of years; a round of time, th'e end or conclusion, length of duration; the point, that marks the end of a complete sentence, a full stop, thus (.) ~ Synod, in church history, a council, convention, or meeting of ecclesiastics, to consult on matters of religion. Synods are of four kinds, 1. General or ecomenical, which are composed of bishops from different nations. 2. National, in which the bishops of one nation only meet, to determine points of doctrine or discipline. 3. Provincial, in which the bishops of one province only meet This is called a convocation. 4. Diocesan. In Scotland, a synod is composed of several adjoining presbyteries. The members are the ministers, and a ruling elder from each parish. In astronomy, a conjunction of two or more planets or stars in the same optical place of the heavens. 11 Odontalgia, tooth-ache, or a pain in the teeth. IT Conoid, in geometry, a solid formed by the revolution of a conic section about its axis. If the conic section is a parabola, the resulting solid is a para.bolic conoid, or paraboloid; if a hyperbola, the solid is a hyperbolic conoid, or hyperboloid; if an ellipse, an elliptic conoid, a spheroid, or an ellipsoid. In anatomy, a gland in the third ventricle of the brain, resembling a cone or pineapple, and called the pineal gland. ** Cycloid, a geometrical curve, on which depends the doctrine of pendulums; a figure made by the upper end of a diameter of a circle, turning about a right line. The genesis of a cycloid may be conceived, by imagining a nail in the circumference of a wheel; the line which the nail describes in the air, while the wheel revolves in a right line, is a cycloid. 1+ Metalloid a name sometimes applied to the metallic bases of the alkalies anu earths. OLE 273 OLI *'void., a. rhomboid'al, a. spheroid'ical, a. tparab'oloid, n, semispheroid'al, a. spheroid'ity, at. 1pris'moid, n. spheroid', n. Iltrapezoid', n. prismatoid'al, a. spheroid'al, a. trapezoid'al, a.?rhom'boid, n. spheroid'ic, a. ~va'rioloid, n. OL-EO, v. 2. to emit a smell, to smell of, to grow: as, abol'ish, to grow from, to annul, to destroy; adult', grown to maturity; olfac'tory, belonging to smellirig. abol'ish, v. adoles'cency, n. olfact', v. abol'isher, n. adolescent, a. olfac'tory, a. abolished, a. adult', a. & n. 3tol'id, or abol'ishable, a. adult'ness, n. ol'idous, a. abol'ishing, a. & n. obsoles'cence, n. flred'olence, n. abolishment, n. obsoles'cent, a. red'olency, n. aboliti'on, n. ob'solete, a. red'olent, a. aboliti'onist, n. ob'soleteness, n. unabol'ished, a. adoles'cence, n. **olef'iant, a. unabol'ishable, a. OLET-US, p. p. (ab oleo), grown or zworn. (See Oleo.) OLIG-OS (oxs7yo), few: as, oligarchy, the rule of a few. ol'igarchy, n. oligar'chical, a. oligist'ic, a. oligar'chal, a. &]ol'igist, or OLIV-A, f. 1. (;aasot), olive. OLE-U.M, n. 2. (SXaov), oil: as, oleag'inous, having the qualities of oil; oleose' or o'leous, full of oil; olivas'ter, of the colour of olive, tawny. oil, n. oil'iness.. oleagfinousness, t. oil'y, a. oleag'inous, a. Illjoleas'ter, n. * Ovoid, having the shape of an egg. t Paraboloid, in geometry, a paraboliform curve, whose ordinates are sup. posed to be in the subtriplicate, subquadruplicate, &c. ratio of their respective abscissa. t Prismoid, a body that approaches to the form of a prism. O Rhomboid, in geometry, a figure having some resemblance to a rhomb; or a quadrilateral figure whose opposite sides and angles are equal, but which is neither equilateral nor equiangular. In anatomy, the rhomboid muscle is a thin, broad, and obliquely square fleshy muscle, between the basis of the scapula and the spina dorsi. II Trapezoid, an irregular solid figure, having four sides, no two of which are parallel to each other; also a plane four-sided figure having two of the oppo: site sides parallel to each other. I~ Varioloid, the name recently given to a disease resembling the small-pox. * Olefiant, literally, becoming or resembling oil. Olefiant gas, called by U re carburetted hydrogen, is so named from its property of forming with ch.orine a compound resembling oil. tt Olid or olidouts, fetid, having a shrong disagreeable smell. It Redolence or Redolency, sweet scent. %t Oligist iron, so called, is a crystallized tritoxyd of iron. lill Oleaster, a plant, the wild olive. OLO 274 OMN *o'leate, n. foleosac'charum, n. ol'ive, n. o'leic, a. oliva'ceous, a. ol'ived, a. oleose', or olivas'ter, a. - ol'ive-yard, n. o'leous, a. OL-OS ('X0C), the whole, all. (See Holos.) OLUS, ol0r-is, n. 3. pot-herbs-olera'ceous, a. ol'itory, a. O0LYMP-Us, m. 2_ (0Xutpr0g), a mountain of Macedonia. tolym'piad, n. olym'pian, a. olympic, a. OMAL-OS (tyat05o, ab d~.oc), even, like, regular: as, anom'aly or anom'alism, a being irregular, deviation from common rule. - anom'aly, n. anomalis'tic, a. anom'alism, n. anom'alous, a. anomalis'tical, a. lanom'aliped, a. & n. anom'alously, ad. OMBR-OS (o,ugoS), rain-Ilombrom'eter, n. OMEGAT (Q, W), the last letter in the Greek alphabet. OMEN, ~in-is, n. 3. a sign good or bad, a prognostic: as, abom'inate, to deprecate as ominous, to hate extremely, to abhor; om'inous,foreboding evil orforeshowing signs of good; o'men, a sign good or bad. o abom'inate, v. abom'inably, ad. omina'tion, n. abom'inated, a. abom'inableness, n. om'inous, a. abomina'tion, n. o'men, n. om'inously, ad. abom'inating, a. o'mened, a. om'inousness, n. abom'inable, a. om'inate, v. preom'inate, v. OMN-IS, a. all, every: as, omnif'erous, all-bearing; omnip'o. tence, all or almighty power; omnis'cient, all-knowing or seeing. omnifa'rious, a. omniif'erous, a. omnif'ic, a. * Oleate, a compound of oleic acid with a salifiable base. t Oleosaccharumi, a mixture of oil and sugar. t Olympiad, a period of four years, reckoned from one celebration of the Olympic games to another. These were solemn games among the ancient Greeks,'dedicated to Olympian Jupiter, and celebrated once in four years at Olympia, a town in Greece, and constituting an important epoch in history and chronology. The first Olympiad commenced 775 years before the birth of Christ, and 22 years before the foundation of Rome. The computation by Olympiads ceas,'t at the 364th Olympiad, in the year 410 of the Christian era. S Anomaliped, an anomalous-footed fowl, whose middle toe is united to the extrior by three phalanges or rows of small bones, and to the interior by one Dnly. 11 Ombrometer, an instrument to measure the quantity of rain that falls. IT Omega is therefore in the Holy Scriptures taken for the last. " I am the A alpha, aud iL, omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord."-Rev. i. 8. OMP 275 ONO om'niform, a. omnip'otency, n. omnis'cience, n. omniform'ity, n. omnip'otent, a. & n. omn is'ciency, n. omnig'enous, a. omnip'otently, ad. omnis'cient, a. omnipar'ity, n. omnipres'ence, n. omnis'cious, a. %omnipercip'ience, n. omnipres'ent, a. fom'nium, n. omniperclp'ient, a. omnipresen'tial, a. omniv'orous, a. omnip'otence, n. OMPHAL-OS (3poaXo.), the navel: as, omphal'ic, of th navel. exom'phalos or om'phalocele, a navel rupture. exom'phalos, n. omphal'ic, a. lom'phalopter, or omphal'ocele, n. omphalot'omy, n. omphalop'tic, n ONEIR-OS (bvesgog, ab ovac, a dream), a dream. l1oneirocrit'ic, n. & a. oneirocrit'ical, a. ~Fonei'romancy, n. ONOM-A, and onyma, (ovo1a), a namc: as, anon'ymous, wanting a name; homon'ymy, likeness of name; synon ymous, of the same name. anon'ymous, a. homon'ymously, ad. onomant'ic, a. anon'ymously, ad. tfmeton'ymy, n. onoman'tical, a.:*antonoma'sia, or metonym'ic, a. llon'omatope; or antonom'asy, n. metonym'ical, a. on'omatopy, n. homon'ymy, n. metonym'icallv, ad. Illlparon'ymous, a. homon'ymous, a.. Iton'omancy, n. I~paronoma'sia, or * Omnipercipience, perception of every thing. t Omnmum, the aggregate of certain portions of different stocks in the public Funds. Omnium denotes all the particulars included in the contract between government and the public for a loan. i Omphalopter or Omphaloptc, an optical glass that is convex on both sides commonly called a convex lens. 11 Oneirocritic, one who interprets dreams. ~ Oneiromancy, divination by dreams. ** Antonomasia, the use of the name of some office, dignity, profession science, or trade, instead of the true name of the person: as, his majesty, for a king; lordship, for a nobleman. Thus, instead of Aristotle, we say, the philosopher;, a grave man is called a Cato; an eminent orator, a Cicero; a wise man, a Solomon. tt Metonymy, in rhetoric, a trope in which one word is put for another; a change of names which have some relation to each other, as when we say, " a man keeps a good table " instead of good provisions. " We read Virgil," that is, his poems or writings. " They have Moses and the prophets," that is, their books or writings. A man has a clear head, that is, understanding, intellect; a warm heart, that is, affections. It Onomancy, divination by the letters of a name.. Onomatope, in rhetoric, a figure m which words are formed to resemble the sound made by the thing signified:' as, to buzz as bees, to crackle as burning thorns or brush. A word whose sound corresponds to the sound of the thing signified. 1111 Paronymous, resembling another word. sT Paronomasia, a rhetorical figure, by which words nearly alike in soundl but of different meanings, are affecctedly or designedly used; a play upon words. S pln.. p25* ONT 276 OPE paronom'asy, n. synon'yma, n. pl. synon'ymize, v. paronomas'tical, a synon'ymy, n. synon'ymal, a. paronomas'tic, a. fsynon'ymrnous, a. synon'ymnally, ad. *patronym'ic, a. & n. synon'ymously, ad. synon'ymist, n. syn'onymrn, n. ONT —. (ova-C, ab hsiJ, to be), being. ontol'ogy, n. ontolog'ic, a. ontolog'ical, a. ontol'ogist, n. ONUS, oner-zs, n. 3. a burden or load: as, on'erary, belonging to a burden. exon'erate, v. exon'erating, a. on'erate, v. exon'erated, a. exon'erative, a. onera'tion, n. exonera'tion, n. on'erary, a. ton'erous, a. OPAC-US, a. shady, dark: as, opa cous, zmpervzous to the rays of light, dark. o'pacate, v. opa'cousness, n. opake'ness, n. opac'ity, n. opake', or semiopa'cous, a. opa'cous, a. opaque', a. OPAL-US, m. 2. a stone of the silicious genus. o'pal,.n. opales'cent, n. o'palize, v. opales'cence, n. o'paline, a. OPER-A, f. 1. work, labour: as, op'erate, to act, to exert power or strength, to work; opus'cule, a small work. co-op'erate, v. inopera'tion, n. maneu'vering, a. co-op'erating, a. inop'erating, a. lTop'era, n. co-opera'tion, n. inop'erative, a. op'erable, a. co-op'erative, a. illmanoeu'vre, or op'erant, a. co-op'erator, n. maneu'ver, n. & v. op'erate, v. co-op'eranit, a. maneu'vered, a. operat'ical, a. * Patronymic, a name of men or women derived from that of their parents or ancestors; as, T'ydides, the son of Tydeus; Pelides, the son of Peleus, that is, Achilles. tl" As words signifying the same thing are called synonymous, so equivocal words, or those which signify several things, are called homonymous, or ambigu. ous; and when persons use such ambiguous words, with a design to deceive, it is called equivocation."-Watts' Logic. Onerous, burdensome, oppressive. In Scots law, being for the advantage of both parties,-as an onerous contract, opposed to gratuitous. O Opal, a stone which is one of the most beautiful of the silicious genus, by reason of its changeableness of colour by reflection and refraction; hellce opalescence, a coloured shining lustre, reflected from a single spot in a mineral II Manceuvre, see foot-note. p. 226. I Op era, a dramatic composition set to music, and sung on the stage, accom panied with musical instruments, and enriched with magnificent dresses, mnachines, dancing, &c. .PH 277 OPP opera'tion, n. op'erator, n. operos'ity, n. op'erating, a. operose', a. opus'cule, n. op'erative, a. & n. operose'ness, n. OPH-IJs (4gs), a serpent: as, ophiol'ogy, the science of serpents; ophioph'agous, eating serpents. *ophid'ion, n. ophiolog'ic, a. ophioph'agous, a. ophid'ian, a. ophiolog'ical, a. &o'phite, n. & a. ophiol'ogy, n. joph'iomancy, n. Ilophiu'chus, n. ophiol'ogist, n. $ophiomorph'ous, a. OPHTHALM-OS (p0aceroSg) the eye: as, ophthal'mia or oph.'thalmy, a disease of the eyes. ophthalmia, or ~ophthalmos'copy, n. **zoophthal'my, n. oph'thalmy, n. ophthalmic, a. OPIN-OR, v. dep. 1. to think, to imagine: as, opin'ionative. unduly attached to one's own opinion. mop'mnate, v. opin'iative, a. opin'ionist, n. misopin'ion, n. opin'iativeness, n. opin'ionate, a. op'ine, v. opin'ion, n. opin'ionated, a. opi'ner, n. opin'ioned, a. opin'ionately, ad. opi'ning, a. & n. opinionative, a. opiniona'tion, n. opin'iate, v. opin'ionatively, ad. preopin'ion,. n. OpI-ux., n. 2. (0o.o), the juice of poppies,-used to promote sleep- to'pium, n. o'piate, n. & a. OPL-O.N (rX0ov), a weapon, arms —$$pan'oply, n. OPPID-UM, n. 2. a walled town or burgh- ~~op'pidan, n. & a. * Ophidion, a fish of the anguilliform kind, resembling the common eel, but shorter, more depressed, and of a paler colour,-found in the Mediterranean. t Ophiomancy, divination by serpents. t Ophiomorphous, having the fbrm of a serpent. O Oplhite, n. green porphyry, or serpentine; but Ophite, a. pertaining to a ser. pent. 11 Ophiuchus. a constellation in the northern hemisphere. ~T Ophthalmoscopy, a branch of physiognomy which deduces the knowledge of a man's temper and manner from the appearance of the eyes. ** Zoo hthalmy, an herb, sengreen or houseleek. tt Opzum, a Turkish juice, partly of the resinous, partly of the gummy kind, used as medicine to promote sleep. It is imported from Natolza, Egypt, the Levant, and the East Indies. It is produced from the capsules of the somnifer. ous white garden poppy, with which the fields of Asia Minor are in many places sown. It flows from incisions made in the heads of the plant, and the best flows from the first incision. Its first effect is the making the patient cheerful. It removes melancholy, and dissipates the dread of danger; the Turks always take it when they are going to battle: it afterwards quiets the spirits, eases pain, and disposes to sleep.-Hill. f:$ Panoply, complete armour or defence. f$ Oppidan, an inhabitant of a town: an appellation given to the students of Eton school in England. OPT 278 OPU O(PTIM-US, a. (a bonus, good), very good, best. *op'timacy, n. foptim'ity, n.' Sop'timism, i. OPT-O (,QrM), to see: as, au'topsy, personal observation; catop'trics, vision by reflection; op'tics, the science of sight or vision. au'topsy, n. diop'trical, a. my'opy, n. autop'tical, a. ~, drop'sy, or nyc'talops, n. autop'tically, ad. hydrop'sy, a. nyc'talopy, n. catop'trics, n. drop'sied, a. op'tics, n. catop tric, a. drop'sical, or opt'ic, a. & n. catop'trical, a. hydrop'ical, a. op'tical, a..catop'tromancy, n. hydrop'ic, a. optici'an, n. Ildiop'trics, n. metopos'copy, n. **synop'sis, n. diop'tic, or metopos'copist, n. synop'tical, a. diop'tric, a. my'ope, n. synop'tically, ad. aiop'tical, or O)PT-O, v. l. to wish, to choose: as, op'lative, expressing a desire or wish; op'tion, the power of choosing or uishing, a choice or election. Itadopt', v. adop'tive, a. & n. op'table, a. adopt'ed, a. co-op'tate, v. op'tative, a. adopt'edly, ad. co-opta'tion, n. op'tion, n. adop'tion, n. exop'table, a. op'tional, a. adop'ter, n. om'phalopter, or preop'tion, n. adop'ting, a. omphalop'tic, n. readopt', v. OPULENT-US, a. wealthy, rich. inop'ulent, a. op'ulency, n. op'ulently, ad. op'ulence, n. op'ulent, a. * Optimacy, the body of nobles, the nobility. t Optimity the state of being best. $ Optimism, the opinion or doctrine, that every thing in nature is ordered foi tile best; or the order of things in the universe that is adapted to produce the.inost good.' Catoptromancy, a species of divination among the ancients, which was per fbrmed by letting down a mirror into water, for a sick person to look at his face in it. If his countenance appeared distorted and ghastly, it was an ill omen, if fresh and healthy, it was -avourable. II Dioptrics, that part of optics which treats of the refractions of light passing through different mediums, as through air, water, or glass, to assist the sight in the view of distant objects. ~ Dropsy, see foot-note, p. 183. ** Synopsis, a general view, or a collection of things or parts so arianged as to exhibit the whole or the principal parts in a general view. it Adopt, to take a stranger into one's family, as son and heir; to take one who is not a -child, and treat him as one, giving him a title to the privileges and rights of a child. In a spiritual sense, to receive the sinful children of men into the invisible church, and into God's favour and protection, by which they become heirs of salvation by Christ. To take or receive as one's own, that which is not naturally so; or to receive that which is new; to select and take. ORA 279 ORD ORAM-A (0'gap., ab ogcta, to see), the thing seen, a sight, a view: as, marin'orama, sea views. *cos'morama, n. marin'orama, n: Opan'orama, n. tdi'orama, n. tmyr'iorama, n. ORB-IS, m. 3. a circle or globe: as, exor'bztant, going beyond the usual track or orbit, excessive; orbic'ular, in the form of an orb. disorb'ed, a. or'bed, a. orbic'ulate, a. exorbitance, n. or'bic, a. orbic'ulated, a. exor'bitancy, n. or'bit, n. orbicula'tion, n. exor'bitant, a. orbic'ular, a. or'by, a. exor'bitantly, ad. orbic'ularly, ad. or'bital, or exor'bitate, v. orbic'ularness, n. orbit'ual, a. orb, n. & v. -)RCHESTR-A,Il f. 1. (pXgrrg), a place in theatres for dancing —11orches'tra, or orches'tre, n. orches'tral, a. ORc-os (;gxo;), an oath: as, ex'orcise, to adjure- by some holy name; to expel evil spirits by conjuration, prayers, and ceremonies. ex'orcise, v. ex'orciser, n. ex'orcist, n. ex'orcised, a. ex'orcising, a. extorcism, n. ORDI-OR, V. dep. 4. to begin- exor'dium, n. exor'dial, a. ORDo, in-is, m. 3. order, rank, arrangement: as, extra. or'dinary, beyond the common order; inor'dinate, not according to order or rule; ordain', to set apart for an office; to appoint. co-or'dinate, a. co-or'dinateness, n. disor'der, n. & v. co-or'dinately, ad. co-ordina'tion, n. disor'derly, a. & ad. * Cosmorama, an exhibition of pictures, representing various parts of the world. t Diorama, an exhibition of transparent pictures, or the effects of light and shade advantageously displayed. Myriorama, sections of views so contrived that they may be combined into an indefinite number of pictures.,- Panorama, complete or entire view; a circular painting having apparently no beginning or end, from the centre of which the spectator may have a coinplete view of the objects presented. 11 Orchestra, a place in the Roman theatre next the stage, where the senators sat; in the Greek theatre, the place where the actors danced, being derived from orcheisthai, 3pXucrOat, to dance, and that from orthos, elpos, erect, upright Now, a place for public exhibition; the place where the musicians are set at a public show; the band of musicians. I~ Exordium, in oratory, the beginning; the introductory part of a discourse, which prepares the audience for the main subject; the preface ol proemiial pas.t of a composition. ORG 280 ORI disor'dered, a. or'dered, a. preordain', v. Jisor'dinate, a. or'derer, n. preordainining, a. disor'dinately, ad. or'dering, a. & n. preordained', a. extraor'dinary, a. or'lerless, a. preor'dinance, n. extraor'dinarily, ad. or'derly, a. & ad. preor'dinate, v. extraor'dinariness,n. or'derliness, n. preordina'tion, n inor'dinacy, n. - or'dinable, a. primor'dial, a. inor'dinate, a. ordinabil'ity, n. primor'diate, v. inordinately, ad. or'dinal, a. & n. reordain', v. inor'dinateness, n. *or'dinance, n. reordina'tion, n. inordina'tion, n. or'dinary, a. & n. semior'dinate, n. insubordina'tion, n. or'dinarily, ad. subor'dinacy, or ordain', v. or'dinate, v. a. & n. subor'dinancy, n. ordain'able, a. or'dinately, ad. subor'dinate, a. & n ordain'er, n. ordina'tion, n. subor'dinately, ad. ordained', a. or'dinative, a. subordination, n. ordai'ning, a. & n. tord'nance, n. unor'derly, a. odrder, n. & v. Ior'donnance, n. unor'dinary, a. ORGAN —UJ, n. 2. (ogyavov), an instrument, a natural instru. ment: as, or'ganize, to form with suitable organs. disor'ganize, v. organ'ical, a. or'ganized, a. disorganiza'tion, n. organ'ically, ad. organizing, a. inorgan'ic, a. organ'icalness, n. or'gan-loft, n. inorgan'ical, a. organism, n. or'gan-pipe, n. inorgan'ically, ad. or'ganist, n. organog'raphy, n. inor'ganized, a. or'ganize, v. organograph'ic, a. {or'gan, n. organization, n. organograph'ical, a. organ'ic, a. ORI-oR, ortus, v. dep. 4. to rise, to spring: as, abor'tive, brought forth in an immature state, miscarrying; orient, rzsing as the sun, eastern; or'igin, the first rise or beginning of any thing. * Ordinance, a rute established by authority; a permanent rule of action. An ordinance may be a law or statute of sovereign power. Observance commanded, established rite or ceremony, Heb. ix. In this sense, baptism and the Lord's Supper are denominated ordinances. t Ordnance, cannon or great guns, mortars, and howitzers: artillery t Ordonnance, in painting, the disposition of the parts of a picture, either in regard to the whole piece, or to the several parts. h Organ, a natural instrument of action or operation, or by which some process is carried on: thus, the arteries and veins of animal bodies are organs of circiulatioln, the lungs are organs of respiration; the nerves are organs of perception and sensation; the muscles are organs of motion; the ears are organs of hearing the eyes are organs of seeing; the tongue is the organ of speech, &c. The snstrument or means of conveyance or communication. A secretary (of state is the organ of communication between the government and a foreign power. The largest and most harmonious of wind instruments of music, eon. misting of pipes which are filled with wind, and stops touched by the fin-.rsa. It is blovfn by a hellows. ORN 281 ORO abor'tion, n. orien'talist, n. orig'inary, a. abor'tive, n. & a. orien'talism, n. orig'inate, v. aborttively, ad. oriental'ity, n. orig'inated, a. abor'tiveness, n. or'igin, n. orig'inating, a. abort'ment, n. orig'inal, a. & n. origina'tion, n. exor'tive, a. orig'inally, ad. or'tive, a. o'riency, n. orig'inalness, n. unorig'inal, a. o'rient, a. & n. original'ity, n. unorig'inated, a. orien'tal, a. & n. ORNIs, ornith-os (ogvgs, ogvosg), a bird: as, orniscop'ics or ornith'omancy, divination by fowls. *ornith'olite, n. ornithol'ogist, n. orniscop'ics, n. tornithol'ogy, n. ornith'omancy, n. ornis'copist, n. ornitholog'ical, a. ORN-o, ornatum, v. 1. to deck or dress: as, or'namnvnt, the thing that decks or embellishes; or'nate, decorated, beautifel. adorn', v. or'namented, a. Tsuborn', v. adorn'ing, n. or'narnenting, a. suborn'ed, a. adorn'ment, n. or'nate, a. & v. subor'ner, n. exorna'tion, n. or'nately, ad. suborn'ing, a. or nament, n. & v. or'nateness, n. suborna'tion, n. ornamen'tal, a. or'nature, n. unornamen'tal, a. ornamen'tally, ad. readorn', v. unornamen'ted, a. OR-o, oraturn, v. 1. (ab os, or-is, m. 3. the mouth), to spea/k, to beg: as, adore', to pay divine worship or honour to; inex'orable, that cannot be moved by entreaty or prayer; o'ral, of the mouth. adore', v. ado'rably, ad. inexorabil'ity, n. auored', a. ado'rableness, n. linos'culate, v. ado'rer, n. ex'orable, a. inos'culating, a. ado'ring, a. inex'orable, a. inoscula'tion, n. adora'tion, n inex'orably, ad. Ilo'racle, n. ado'rable, a. inex'orableness, n. orac'ular, a. * Ornitholite, a petrified bird. t~ Ornithology, the science of fowls, which comprises a knowledge of thetform, structure, habits, and uses. T Suborn, primarily, to put on or furnish privately, that is, to bribe. In law to procure a person to take such a false oath as constitutes perjury. ~ Inosculate, in anatomy, to unite by apposition or contact; to unite, as two veins or vessels at their extremities,-as one vein or artery inosculates with another. II Oracle, among Pagans, the answer of a god or some person reputed to be a god, to an inquiry made respecting some affair of importance, usually some Ituhlre event, as the success of an ei.terprise or battle. The deity who gave, ol was supposed to give an answer to inquiries, as lie lDelphic oracle. The place ORO 282 ORT oracrularly, ad. or'ator, n. orato'riously, ad. orac'ulous, a. or'atory, n. forato'rio, n. oractulously, ad. ora'tion, n. or'atrix, or orac'ulousness, n. orato'rial, a. or'atress, n. *or'aison, or orato'rially, ad. tor'ifice, n. or'ison, n. orator'ical, a. Qperora'4ion, n. o'ral, a. orator'ically, ad. unadored', a. o'rally, ad. orato'rious, a. ()R-oS (7goS), a boundary, a limit; a rule. (See Horos.) O)R-OS koog), a mountain: as, o'read, a mountain-nymphl[orol'ogy, n. orol'ogist, n. orolog'ical, a. o'read, n. ORPHAN-OS (iogpavo;), bereft of parents: as, or'phanage oi or' hanism, the state of orphans. or'phan, n. & a. or'phanean, a. l~orphanot'rophy, n. orphanage, n. or'phanism, n. orphic, a. or'phaned, a. ORTH-OS (0eoS), erect, straight, right, accurate, exact: as, or'thodromy, the sailing in a straight course; or'thogon, a rectangular figure. **diortho'sis, n. or'thodoxy, n. or'thoepist, n. or'thodox, a. & n. or'thodromy, n. or'thogon, n. orthodox'al,'a. orthodrom'ics, n. orthog'onal, a. or'thodoxly, ad. orthodrom'ic, a. tforthog'raphy, n. or'thodoxness, n. ftfor'thoepy, n. orthog'rapher, n. where the answers were given. Among Christians, oracles, in the plural, de-,lotes, the communications, revelatzons, or messages delivered by God to prophets, as the oracles of God, divine oracles, meaning the Scriptures. The sanctuary or most holy place in the temple, in which was deposited the ark of the covenant,-1 Kings vi. Any person reputed uncommonly wise, whose determi nations are not disputed, or whose opinions are of great authority. A wise sen. tence or decision of great authority. * Oraison or Orison, prayer, verbal supplication, or oral worship. t Oratorio, in Italian music, sacred drama of dialogues, containing recitatives, luets, trios, ritomellos, choruses, &c. The subjects are mostly taken from the Scriptures. Also a place of worship, a chapel. I Orifice, the mouth or aperture of a tube, pipe, or other cavity. 6 Peroration, the concluding part of an oration, in which the speaker recapitulates the principal points of his discourse or argument, and urges them with greater earnestness and force, with a view to make a deep impression on nis hearers. 11 Orology, the science or description of mountains. ~ Orphanotrophy, an hospital for orphans. ** Diorthosts a chirurgical operation by which cropked or distorted members tre restored to their primitive and regular shape. ~+ Orthoepy, the art of uttering words with propriety; the right or correct pronunciation of words. 4t Orthography, the art or practice of -writing or spelling words with the prover letters according to common usage. The part of grammar which treats ORY 283 OCST orthograph'i, a. *orthol'ogy, n. orthop'nea, n. orthograph'ical, a. torthom'etry, n. unor'thodox, a. orthograph'ically, ad. torthop'ny, or ORYCT-OS (0g)ux0ro, ab dgudoa, to dig), dug, fossil: as, oryct ol'ogy, the science of fossils. ]oryctog'nosy, n. Iloryctog'raphy, n. oryctol'ogy, n. oryctognos'tic, a. oryctog'rapher, n. oryctolog'ic, a. Os, oss-is, n. 3. a bone: as, exos'sated or exos'seous, without bones; os'sify, to form bone; os'sicle, a small bone. exos'sated, a. **os'pray, n. ossification, n. exos'seous, a. os'sicle, n. **os'sifrage, n. interos'seal, or os'.seous, a. ossiv'orous, a. interos'seous, a. os'sify, v. itos'suary, n. os, n. ossif'ic, a. ossif'erous, a. Tos'selet, n. os'sified, a. OscILL-uM/, n. 2. an image hung on ropes, and swung'up and down in the air; a moving backwards and forwards-os'iillate, v. oscilla'tion, n. oscil'latory, a. OSCIT-o, V. 1. to gape, to yawn: as, os'citant, yawning'sleepy. os'citancy, n. os'citant, a. os'citantly, ad. oscita'tion, n. OscuL-o, v. 1. (ab os), to kiss, to embrace. (See Oro.) OSTE-OJ\r (01E0ov), a bone: as, os'teocope, pain in the bones; osteol'ogist, one who describes bones. Stos'teocol, or os'teocope, n. osteol'oger, n. osteocol'la, n. osteol'ogy, n.- osteol'ogist, n. of the nature and properties of letters, and of the art of writing and spelling words correctly. In architecture, the elevations of a building, showing all the parts in their trite proportion. * Orthology, the right description of things. t Orthometry, the art or practice of constructing verse correctly; the laws of correct versification. $ Orthopny, a species of asthma, or disorder of the lungs, in which respiration can be performed only in an upright or erect position. - Oryctognosy, the description of minerals, the determination of their nomenclature, and the systematic arrangement of their different species. It coincides nearly with mineralogy, in its modern acceptation. II Oryctography, a description of fossils. ~T Osselet, a hard substance growing on the inside of a horse's knee among the small bones. ** Ospray or Ossifrage, the bone-breaker or sea-eagle. This is our fistl-hawli. tt Ossuary, a charnel-house; a place where the bones of the dead are deposited tt Osteocol (a KoXXa, glue), a carbonate of lime, a fossil formed by incrustation on the stem of a plant. This word takes its name from an opinion that it has the quality of uniting fractured bones. 26 OST 284 OVU osteolog'ic, a. osteolog'ically, ad. *perios'teum, n. osteolog'ical, a. ()STRAC-OZr (Oergaxov), a small shell used in voting con s, t ing the banishment of a citizen. tos'tracism, n. os'tracize, v. tos'tracite, n. OTrI-uJu, n. 2. ease, living retired from business: as, nego'tiant or nego'tiator, one who transacts business. nego'tiable, a. disease', n. & v. ease'fully, ad. nego'tiate, v. diseas'ed, a. ease'less, a. nego'tiated, a. diseas'edness, n. easement, n. negotia'tion, n. disease'ful, a. ea'sy, a. nego'tiator, n. disease'ment, n. ea'sily, ad. negotiating, a. ease, n. & v. ea'siness. n. nego'tiant, n. ease'ful,, a. OURAN-OS (ougavoS), heaven-ouranog'raphy, n. Ous, ot-os (ofS, arow), the ear: as, otacou'stic or otacous'ticon, an instrument to facilitate hearing. otacou'stic, a. & n. paro'tis, n. lparot'id, a. otacou'sticon, ri. Ov-is, f 3. sheep —]lova'tion, n. o'vine, a. Ov-vur, n. 2. an egg: as, o'val, of the shape of an egg; ovip'arous, producing eggs, or young from eggs. ~Tobo'vate, a. ova'rious, a. o'vated, a. o'val, a. & n. olvate, a. * Periosteum, a netrvous vascular membrane endued with quick sensibility, immediately investing the bones of animals. t " The Athenians, in voting about the banishment of a citizen, who was suspected to be too powerful, and whose merit and influence gave umbrage to them, used shells (or7palca, teste vel testule), on which those who were fol banishing him wrote his name, and threw each his shell into an urn. This was done in a popular assembly; and if the number of shells amounted to 6000, he was banished for ten years (testarum suftragiis), by an ostracism, as it was called, Nep. in Themist. 8."-Adam's Rom. Antiq. Hence banishment, expulsion, separation. ~ Ostracite, an oyster-shell in its fossil state, or a stone formed in the shell, the latter being dissolved. $ Parotid, pertaining to or denoting the parotis, or certain glands below and before the ears, or near the articulation of the lower jaw. The parotid glands secrete a portion of the saliva. JI Ovation, in Roman antiquity, " When a victory had been gained without difficulty 6r the like, a lesser triumph was granted called ovatio, in which the general entered the city on foot or horseback, crowned with myrtle, not with laurel, and instead of bullocks, sacrificed a sheep (ovem); whence its name."4dam's Rom. Antiq. ~ O(holate. in botany, inversely ovatle; having the narrow end downwards. OXY 285 PAC o'viduct, n. o'viform, a. o'void, a. ovic'ular, a. ovip'arous, a. ()xV-S (oguS), sharp, acute; sour, acid: as, ox'ytone, an acute sound; ox'ygon, a triangle having three acute angles; ox!ycrate, a mixture of water and vinegar. toxal'ic, a. ox'ydizement, n. ox'ygenizement, n. oxiycrate, n. loxyr'rhodine, n oxyg'enous, a. Tox'yd, n. ox'ygen, n. ox'ygon, n. ox'ydable, a. ox'ygenate, or ljoxyi'odine, n. oxydabil'ity, n. ox'ygenize, v. ox'ymel, n. ox'ydate, or ox'ygenated, or I~oxymo'ron, n. ox'ydize, v. ox'ygenized, a. ox'ytone, a. & n. ox'ydated, or ox'ygenating, or **par'oxysm, n. ox'ydized, a. ox'ygenizing, a. paroxys'mal, a. ox'ydating, or oxygena'tion, n. unox'ygenated, or ox'ydizing, a. ox'ygenizable, a. unox'ygenized, a. oxyda'tion, or P. PABUL-Uw, n. 2. (a pasco), food for cattle, 4'c. grass: as, pab'ulum, food, that which.feeds, fuel.' pab'ulum, n. pab'ular, a. pabula'tion, n. pab'ulous, a. PACT-US, p. p. (of paciscor, v. dep. 3. to bargain), stipulated, agreed: as, pactiti'ous, settled by agreement or stipulation. com'pact, n. pac'tion, n. pac'tional, a. pact, n. pactiti'ous, a. PACT-US, p. p. (of pango, v. 3. to drive in, or fix), driven in, or fixed: as, compact', driven or pressed close together, solid, dense; impact', to drive close. 9t Oxalic, pertaining to sorrel or a plant of an acid taste. The oxalic acid is the acid of sorrel. I Oxyd, in chemistry, a substance formed by the combination of a portion of oxygen with some base, or a substance combined with oxygen, without being in the state of an acid. -~ Oxyrrhodine, a mixture of two parts of the oil of roses with one of the vinegar of roses. 11 Oxyiodine, a compound of the chloriodic and oxiodic acids. ~ Oxqmoron, in Greek, a smrt sayin, which at first view appears foolish. in rhetoric, a figure in which an epithet of a qsuite contrary signification is added to a word,-as, cruel kindness.. * Paroxysm. an exasperation or exacerbation of a disease; a J.it of highes excitement or violence in a disease that has remissions or intermissiols,- as'ihe parox swn of a fIver or gout. PAG 286 PAL compact', v. & a. compac'ture, n. incompact', a. compact'ly, ad. *compa'ges, n. incompac'ted, a. compactness, n. compagina'tion, n. recompact', v. compact'ed, a. irpact', v. uncompact', or compact'edness, n. impact'ed, a. uncompac'ted, a compac'tive, a. PAGIN —s, f. 1. (i pango), a page or leaf —paginal, a. PAG-OS (crayoSo), a hill. tAreop'agus, n. Areop'agite, n. areopagit'ic, a. PAG-US, m. 2. a village; a canton or district. tPa'gan, n. & a. pa'ganish, a. pa'ganized, a. pa'ganism, n. paganize, v. pa'ganizing, a. PAIS or PAYS, m. (Fr.) the country. peas'ant, n. & a. peas'antlike or peas'antly, a. peas'amtry, n, PALIESTR —, f. 1. (aaXas,-ga), a schoolfor uwestling, a place for exercise-pales'tric, a. pales'trical, a. PALATI-UJ-, n. 2. a mount in Rome, where Augustus Caesar had his house; hence a palace or king's house. -palace, n. 4pal',atine, n. & a. palat'inate, n. pala'cious, a. pala'tial, a. PALAT-U-, n. 2. the taste, the palate: as, palatable, agreeable to the taste. * Compages, a system or structure of many parts united. Compagination, union of parts, structure, connection. t Areopagus, literally, the hill of Mars; a seat of justice, or a sovereign tri. bunal at Athens in Greece, famous for the justice and impartiality of its de cisions. It was originally held on a hill in the city; but afterward removed to the Royal- Portico, an open square,where the Areopagites or judges sat in the open air, inclosed by a cord. Ther- sessions were in the night, that they might not be diverted by objects of sight, or influenced by the presence and actions ~ the speakers. By a law of Solon, no person could be a member of this tribunal, until he had been archon or chief magistrate. This court took cognizance of high crimes, impiety and immorality, and watched over the laws and the public treasury. See Lempriere's Class. Dict. t Pagan, a heathen; a Gentile; an idolater; one who worships false gods. This word was originally applied to the inhabitants of' the country, who on the first propagation of the Christian religion adhered to the worship of false gods, )r- refused to receive Christianity, after it had keen received by the inhabitants of the cities. In like manner, heathen signifies an inhabitant of the heath or twods; and Caffre, in Arabic, signifies the inhabitant of a hut or cottage, and one that does not receive the religion of Mohammed. Pagan is used to dis. tinguish one from a Christian and a Mohammedan.-See p. 44. Q Palatine, pertaining to a palace, also one invested with royal privileges and rights. A palatine or count-palatine, on the continent of Europe, is one delegated by a prince to hold courts of justice in a province, or one who has a palace and a court of justice in his own house. In Poland, a palatine may be rvegarded as the governor of a province. PAL 287 PAL pal'ate, n. & v. pal'atal, a. & n. pal'ative, a. pal'atable, a. pala'tial, a. unpal'atable, a. pal'atableness, n. palat'ic, a. PALE-A-, f. 1. chfJ —paTleous, a. *pal'let, n. palea'ceous, a PALE-OS (rUXot0g), old, ancient. tpaleog'raphy, n. jpaleol'ogy, n. paleol'ogist, n. PALIN (craXiv), back, again. {pal'indrome, n. pal'inode, or pal'inody, n. PALLAS, ad-is, f. 3. (reXoS, atog), JMinerva, goddess of wis.dom, war, oc.-llpalla'dium, n. PALL-EO, U. 2. to be pale. impal'lid, a. pale'ness, n. pal'lidness, n. pale,.a. n. & v. pal'lid, a. pallid'ity, n. pale'ly, ad. pal'lidly, ad. pal'lor, n. PALLI-TM,. n. 2. a cloak, the outer robe of the Greeks: as, pal'liate, to cover with excuse, to extenuate or lessen. pall, n. & v. pal'liated, a. pal'liating, a. pal'tiament, n. palliat'ion, n. pal'liative, a. & n.' pal'liate, v. & a. [)ALM-S-, f. 1. the paln or inner part of the hand; the palm-tree; the badge of victory: as, palmif'erous, bearing palms; pal'miped, web-footed, —as water fowls. implaim', v. palm'ated, a. palm'ary, a. palm, n. & v. palmif'erous, a. palm'ated, a. palm'er, n. pal'miped, a. **pal'mistry, n. ~Ipalmet'to, n. pa'lmy, a. pal'mister, n. palm'ar, a. PALP-o, palpatum, v. 1. to touch gently or softly, as if feeling; pal'pable, perceptible by the touch; plain, obvious. * Pallet, a small bed. t Paleography, the art of explaining ancient writings. More correctly, an ancient manner of writing. $ Paleology, a discourse or treatise on antiquities, or the knowledge of ancienm things... Palindrome, a word, verse, or sentence, that is the same when read Mvscku. rds or foruwards; as, madam, or " Roma tibi subito motibus ibit amor." ii Palladium, the image or statue of Pallas, goddess of wisdom, war. &c whiich was said to have fallen from heaven on the citadel of Troy, and that on its preservation depended the safety of Troy; hence any security or proteclion ~' Palmetto, a species of palm-tree. In the West Indies the inhabitants thatch their houses with the leaves.:**Palmstiry, the art or practice of divining or telling fortunes by the lines and marks in the palm of the hand; a trick of imposture much practise&u by gipseys. 2 6 PAL 288 PAN impalpable, a. pal'pably, ad. palpa'tion, n. impalpabii'ity, n. pal'pableness, n. palpitate, v. pal'pable, a. palpabil'ity, n. palpita'tion, n. )2AL-Us, m. 2. a stake or post. pale, n. & v. palifica'tion, n. *palisade', n. & v. palisa'do, n. PAN (roav), all, whole. (See Pas.) PAN (nlav), the god of shepherds —tPan, n. pan'ic, n. & a. PANC-O, pansum, v. 3. to open, to spread, to unfold: as, expand', to open or spread out; expansile or expans'ible, that may be spread out. dispand', v. expanse', n. expan'sion, n. dispan'sion, n. expans'ible, a. expan'sive, a. expand', v. expansibil'ity, n. lpandicula'tion, n. expand'ed, a. expans'ile, a. unexpan'ded, a. expand'ing, a. PAN-Is, m. 3. bread: as, pan'try, an apartment or closet where provisions are kept. impan'ate, a. & v. Ilpana'da, or ~pan'nier, n. ~impana'tion, n. pana'do, n. pan'try, n. pan'nage, n. IbANN-Us, m. 2. cloth: as, accom'pany, to go with, or at. tend as a companion on a journey, walk, &c. accompany, v. accom'panied, a. accompanist, n. accom'panable, a. accom'panying, a. accompaniment, n. * Palisade, a fence or fortification consisting of a row of stakes or posts sharp. enedl and set firmly in the ground. t Pan, "lieutenant-general of Bacchus in his Indian expedition; where, being encompassed in a valley with an army of enemies far superior to them in number, he advised the God to order his men in the night to give a general shout, which so surprised the opposite army, that they immediately fled from their camp; whence it came to pass, that all sudden fears, impressed upon Inen's spirits without any just reason, were called by the Greeks and Romans, panic terrors."-Potter's Gr. Antiq. Sudden fear or terror influenced or agitated by Pan; a sudden fright without cause. t Paundiculation, a yawning; a stretching; the tension of the solids that accompanies yawning, or that restlessness and stretching that accompanies the cold fit of an intermittent. lmpanation, the act of embodying with bread; the supposed substantial presence of the body and blood of Christ, with the substance of the bread and wine, after consecration in the eucharist; a tenet of the Lutheran church;'therwise called consubstantiation. I II Panada or Panado, a kind of food made by boiling bread in water, to the consistence of pulp, and sweetened. ~ Pannier, a wicker basket; primarily, a bread-basket, but used for (alrying fruit or other things on a horse. PAP 289 PAR *Com'pany, n. & v. tjimpan'nel, v. panic'ulate, companion, n. impan'nelled, a. panic'ulated, a. compan'ionship, n. impan'nelling, a. Opan'neI, n. compan'ionable, a. Ipan'icle, n. unaccom'panied, a. compan'ionably, ad. pan'icled, a. - uncom'panied, a, PAP-zs (rcraa), a father: as, papal, of the Pope. antipa'pal, a. pa'pal, a. po'pery, n. antipapis'tical, a. pa'pized, a. po'pism, n. papa', n. ~Pope, n. po'pish, a. Ipa'pacy, n. pope'dorn, n. po'pishly,. ad. PAPAVER, n. 3. poppy-pacpav'erous, a. PAPILIO, 6n-is, m. 3. a butterfly, a moth of various colours -papil'io, n. papiliona'ceous, a. P.APILL —, 1. (a papula, f. 1. a pimple), a nipple, a pap. as, pap'illary or papil'lous, resembling, the pap or nip-. ple; pap'ulose or pap'ulous, full of pimples or pustules; pap'il, a small pap. pap, n. pap'illate, v. pap'ulte, n. papes'cent, n. papillose', a. pap'ulose, a. pap'il, n. papil'lous, a. pap'ulous; a. pap'illary, a. pa'ppy, a. PAPP-US, m. 2. thistle-down-pap'pous, a. PAPYR-Us, f 2. (arotugoi), an Egyptian aquatic plant or reed, from the inner rind of which paper was made; paper. pa'per, n. & v. pa'per-maker, n. pa'per-money, n. pa'per-faced, a. paper-mill, n. pap'yrus, n. PAR, par-is, a. equal, like, meet, match to: as, par'ity, a being equal, like state or degree; comparable, that may be compared, or being of equal regard; compeer', an equal, a companion, an associate. Cornpany, originally, denotes a band or number of men under one flag or standard. In military affairs, the soldiers united under the command of' a cap. tain. - Any assemblage of persons; a collection of men or other animals, in a very indefinite sense. t Impannel, to write or enter the names of a jury in a list, or on a piece of parchment called a pannel; to form, complete, or enrol a list of jurors, in a court of justice. t Panicle, in botany, a species of inflorescence, in which the flowers or fruits are scattered on peduncles variously subdivided,-as in oats and some of the grasses. l Pannel, a kind of rustic saddle; the stomach of a hav k. II Papacy. the office and dignity -of the pope or bishop of Rome; pwpedomn papal authority. ~ Pope, the'bishop of Rome, the head of the Roman Catholic church. PAR 2'90 PAR comrpare', v. tdispar'age, v. nonpareil', n. & a com'parable, a. dispar'aged, a. parisyllab'ic, a. com'parably, ad. dispar'ager, n. par'ity, n. %Com'parates. n dispar'agement, n. pair, n. & v. compar'ative, a. dispar'aging, a. par, n. compar'atively, ad. dispar'agingly, ad. peer, n. compa'rer, n. dispar'ity, n. peer'ess, n. compa'red, a. impar'ity, n. peer'dom, n. compa'ring, a. incom'parable, a. peer'age, n. colnpar'ison, n. incom'parably, ad. peer'less, a. compeer', n. & v. incom'parableness,n. peer'lessly, ad. dispair', v. incompa'red, a. peer'lessness, n. PARADIGM — (ra7goctbsytia, a r.aga and 6Esyvupl, to show), a showing by the side of; example; model; a pattern. par'adigm, n. paradigmat'ical, a. paradig'matize, v. PARADIS —OS (raga6s1sog), a garden of pleasure: as, impar'adise, to put in a place of felicity; to make ha(ppy. dispar'adized, a. impar'adising, a. par'adised, a. impar'adise, v. par'adise, n. paradisi'acal, a. impar'adised, a. paradis'ean, a. PARDONN-ER, V. (Fr. a per et dono, to give), to forgive, to remit, to excuse. impar'donable, a. par'donableness, n. unpar'donable, a4 par'don, v. & n. par'doned, a. unpar'donably, ad. par'donable, a. par'doning, a. & n. unpar'doned, n. par'donably, ad. par'doner, n. unpar'doning, a. PAR-EO, paritum, v. 2. to appear, to become visible: as, aP.1 pear', to come or be in sight, to be obvious or clear. appear', v. appariti'on, n. transpa'rency, n. appea'rance, n. $appar'itor, n. transpa'rent, a. appea'rer, n. disappear', v. transpa'rently, ad. appea'ring, a. & n. disappea'rance, n. transpa'rentness, nr appa'rent, a. disappea'ring, n. & a. untranspa'rent, a. appa'rently, ad. PARIES, et-is, m. 3. the wall of a house —pari'etal, a. PAR-IO, partum, v. 3. to bring forth, to beget: as, bip'ar* Compara.!es, in logic, the two things compared to one another. it Disparage, to marry any one to another of inferior condition, to match Utnequally; to injure by Iunion with something inferior in excellenlce; to treat withn contempt, to mock, to reproach. t Apparitor, among the Romans, any qfficer who attended magistrates and judges, to execute their orders. In England, a messenger or oficer who serves the process of a spiritual court, or a beadle in the university who c(arries thle mace. PAR 291 PAR ous, bringing forth two at a birth; multip'arous, producing many at a birth. bip'arous, a.'ovip'arous, a. partu'rient, a. deip'arous, a. pa'rent, n. parturiti'on, n. dorsip'arous, a. paren'tal, a. puer'peral, a. gemillip'arous, a. pa'rentage, n. puer'perous, a. gemmip'arous, a. tparenta'tion, n. unip'arous, a. multiparous, a. paren'ticide, n. vermip'arous, a. %'o'vert, a. pa'rentless, a. vivip'arous, a. to'verture, n. partu'riate, v. PARL-ER, V. (Fr.) to speak, to talk: as, par'ley, to speak with another, to confer with an enemy, to treat with by words; parole', given by word of mouth. **im'parl, v. p fparliament, n. par'lour, n.. imparlance, n... parliamen'tary, a. par'lous, a. par'lalce, n. parliamenta'rian, n. parol', or parle, n. & a. parole', n. & a. par'ley, v. & n. parliamenteer', n. PAR-O, paratum, v. 1. to make ready, to prepare: as, appar'el, clothing, garments, dress; repair', to restore to a sound or good state after decay or injury; sep'arale, to disunite,-to divide, to part; sev'er, to part or divide by violence. * Overt, open to view, public, apparent,-as overt virtues. In law, an overt ict of treason is distinguished from secret design or intention not carried into sfibct, and even from words spoken. t Overture, literally, opening, disclosure; proposal; something offered for con sideration, acceptance, or rejection, —as the prince made overtures of peace, which were accepted. t Parentation, something done or said in honour of the dead. ** imparl, to hold mutual'diocourse; appsopriately, in law, to have license to settle a law-suit amicably; to have delay for mutual adjustment. tt Parliament, in Great Britain, the grand assembly of the three estates, the lords spiritual, the lords temporal, and the commons; the general council of the nation, constituting the legislature, summoned by the king's authority to consult on the affairs of the nation, and to enact and repeal laws. Primarily, the king may be considered as a constituent branch' of parliament; but the word is generally used to denote the three estates above named, consisting of two dis. tinct branches, the house of lords and house of commons. The word Parlia. ment was introduced into England under the Norman kings. The supreme council of the nation was called, under the Saxon kisgs, the meeting of wise men and sages. The supreme council of Sweden, consisting of four estates; the nobility, and -represenlatives of the gentry; the clergy, one of which body is.elected ftom every rural deanery, or ten parishes; the burghers, elected by the magistrates and council of every corporation; and the peasants, elected by persons of their ovwn order In France, before the revolution, a council or court coviwisting ot oertain lobtemen, PAR 292 PAR 4apparaftus, n. inseparabil'ity, n. repara'tion, n. appar'el, n. & v. insep'arate, a. repar'ative, a. appar'elled, a. insep'arated, a. sep'arable, a. appar'elling, a. insep'arately, ad. sep'arably, ad. dissev'er, v. irrep'arable, a. sep'arableness, at. dissev'erance, n. irrep'arably, ad. separabil'ity, n. dissev'ered, a. tparade', n. & v. sep'arate, v. & a, dissev'ering, a. & n. para'ded, a. sep'arately, ad. fem'peror, n. para'ding, a. sep'arateness, n. emrnpire, n. prepa'rable, a. sep'arated, a. em'press, n. prepar'ative, a. & n. sep'arating, a. im'perate, a. prepar'atively, ad. separa'tion, n. fimper'ative, a. prepar'atory, a. sep'aratist, n. imper'atively, ad. prepatred, a. sep'arator, n. impe'rial, a. prepa'redly, ad. sep'aratory, a. & n impe'rially, ad. prepa'redness, n. sev'er, v. impe'rialist, a1. prepa'rer, n. sev'eral, a. & n. imperial'ity, n. prepa'ring, a. sev'erally, ad. impe'rious, a. repair', v. -& n. sev'eralize, v. impe'riously, ad. repair'ed, a. unprepa'red, a. impe'riousness, n. repair'er, n. unprepa'redness, n. insep'arable, a. repair'ing, a. unsep'arable, a. insep'arably, ad. rep'arable, a. unsep-arated, a. insep'arableness, n. rep'arably, ad. unsev'ered, a. PARS, part-is, f. 3. a part, a share, a portion: as, par'tial, of a part or party, biassed to one party; partake, to take a part, portion, or share of; partic'ipate, to take or have a share in common with others; partic'ular, pertaining to a single person or thing, special; impart', to give, to grant. apart', ad. bipasa*tite, a. copart'ner, n. apart'ment, n. bipartiti'on, n. copart'nership, n. appor'tion, v. compart', v. coun'terpart, n. appor'tioned, a. comnpar'ted, a. depart', v. appor'tioning, a. compar'ting, a. depar'ter, n. appor'tionment, n. compart'ment, n. depar'ting, n. & a. appor'tioner, n. copar'cenary, n. depart'ment, n. bipar'tible, or copar'cener, n. departmen'tal, a. bip'artile, a. copar'ceny, n. depar'ture, n. bipar'tient, a. compart'ner, or dispart', v. * Apparatus, things provided as means to some end,-as the tools of artizans. the furnizture of a house, instruments of war. In more technical language, a.omplete set of instruments or utensils, for performing any operation. t Emperor, Imperative, &c. See p. 186. tParada in mil!itary affairs, the place where troops assemble for exercise, nmo, J'ng guard or other purpose; show, ostentation, display; military order ar~, PAR i'3 PAR dlspar ted, a. partake', v. par'ty, n. dispar'ting, n. & a. parta'ker, n. por'tion, n. & v. dispropor'tion, n. & v. parta'king, a. & n. por'tioned, a. dispropor'tionable, n. part'er, n. por'tioning, a. dispropor'tionably, ad. par'tial, a. por'tioner, n. dispropor'tionable- par'tially, ad. por'tionist, n. ness, n. par'tialist, n. bpropor'tion, n. & v dispropor'tional, a. partial'ity, n. propor'tioned, a. dispropor'tionally, ad. par'tialize, v. propor'tioning, a. dispropor'tionate, a. par'tible, a. propor'tionable, a. dispropor'tionately, ad.partibil'ity, n. propor'tionably, ad. dispropor'tionateness,npartic'ipable, a. propor'tionableness, impart', v. partic'ipant, a. & n. propor'tional, a. [n. impar'ted. a. partic'ipate, v. propor'tionally, ad. impar'tible, a. partic'ipated, a. proportional'ity, n. inipartibil'ity, n. partic'ipating, a. propor'tionatea. &v impar'tial, a. participa'tion, n. propor'tionately, ad. impar'tially, ad. partic'ipative, a. propor'tionateness,n, impar'tialist, n. par'ticiple, n. i propor'tionlete, a. impartial'ity, n. particip'ial, a. quadrip'artite, a. impart'ment, n. particip'ially, ad. quadrip'artitely, ad. impar'ture, n. par'ticle, n. quadripartiti'on, n.. impar'ting, a. particular, a. & n. [lrepartee', n. & a. impropor'tionable, a. partic'ularly, ad. superpropor'tion, n. impropor'tionate, a. partic'ularize, v. trip'artite, n. mispropor'tion, n. partic'ularism, n. tripartiti'on, n. *par'cel, n. & v. particular'ity, n. un'derpart, n. par'celled, a. par'tisan, a. underproport'ioned, par'celling, a. & n. par'tite, a. unpar'ted, a. [n. par'cenary, n. partitive, a. unpar'tial, a. jIpar'cener, n. par'titively, ad. unpar'tially, ad. tparse, v. partiti'on, n. unpor'tioned, a. part, n. & v. part'ner, n. unpropor'tionable, n. part'able, a. part'nership, n. unpropor'tionate, a. part'ly, ad. parts, n. unpropor'tioned, a. par'ting, a. & n. * Parcel, a part, a portion of any thing taken separately; a quantity, a part belonging to a whole; a small bundle orpackage of goods. t Pacrcener or Coparcener, a coheir; one who has an equal portion of the inheritance of his or her ancestor with others. t Parse, in grammar, to resolve a sentence into its elements, or to show the several parts of speech composing a sentence, and their relation to each other by government or agreement. 6 Proportion, a comparative relation of any one thing to another,-as, Let a man's exertions be in proportion to his strength. The idertity or similitude of two ratios; symmetry; suitable adaptation of one part or thing to anothet; equal or just share; lbrm, size. 11 Repartee, a smart, ready, and witty reply. PAR 294 PAS PARSIMONI-A,f. 1. (at parco, v. 3. to spare), frugality, sparzngness. par'simony, n. parsimo'niously, ad. parsimo niousnessn. parsimo'nious, a. PAS, pan, pant-os (s-., fi 1. a rose: as, ro'seal, like a rose in smell oi. coblour; rosa'ceous, rose-like. rose, n. tro'seate, a. {ro'sary, n. ro'sed, a. ro'sy, a. rosa'ceous, a. ro'seal, a. ROSTR-Ux, n. 2. the beak of a bird, or of a ship; a pul. pit or tribunal: as, ros'trate, beaked. I!biros'trate, or ~ros'trum, n. ros'trate, or biros'trated, a. ros'tral, a. ros'trated, a..ROT-A, f 1. a wheel: as, circumro'tary, turning, rolling or whirling round; ro'tate, wheel-shaped. circumrota'tion, n. ro'tate, a. ***rotund', a. circumro'tatory, or tjro'tated, a. rotundifo'lious, a. circumro'tary, a. llrota'tion, n. rotun'dity, n. **ro'ta, n. ro'tative, a. ttftrotun'do, n.'tro'tary, a. Illlrota'tor, n. fttroutine', n. ro'tatory, a. T~~rote, n. RoY for Roi, m. (Fr.) a king: as, roy'al, pertaining to d king. pom'eroy, or roy'al, a. & n. roy'alism, n. poreroy'al, n. roy'ally, ad. roy'alist, n. * Roration, a falling of dew. t,Rorifluent, flowing with deuw t Roseate, rosy, blooming, of a rose colour. $ Rosary, a bed- of roses, or place where roses grow; a chaplet; a string of beads used by Roman Catholics, on which they count their prayers. II Bzrostrate or Birostrated, having a double beak, or process'resembling a beak. ~ Rostrum, the beak or bill of a bird, a beak or head of a ship; in ancient Rome, a scaffold or elevated place in the forum adorned with the beaAs of the ships taken from Antium, a maritime town of Italy, where orations, pleadings, funeral h'arangues,.&c. were. delivered. ** Rota, ancIclesiastical court of Rome. rt Rotary; turning, as a wheel on its axis. tR Rite4: turned round, as a wheel. $ R'-M:, a wheeling; Vicissitude. 1111 Rotator, that which gives a circular or rolling motion; a muscle producing a rolling motion. 11. Rotei properly, a round of words; words repeated over and over without rttention to sense *** Rotund, round, circular. Itt Rotundo, a round building. f$1 Routine. a round of business. RUBf 373 RUI roy'alize, v. unroy'al, a. vice'royship, n. *roy'alty, n. tvice'roy, n. viceroy'alty, n. RUBER, -bri, a. red, ruddy: as, erubes'cence, a becoming red, redness; ru'bied, red as a ruby; ru'bric or ru'brical, red; ru'bricate, to mark with red. erubes'cence, n. ~ru'bicund, a. ru'biform, a. erubes'cency, n. rubicund'ity, n. **ru'bric, a. n. & v. erubes'cent, a. ru'bied, a. tru'brical, a. tru'befacient, a. & n. ru'bify, v. ru'bricate, v. & a ru'bellite, n. rubif'ic, a. ru'bricated, a. rubes'cent, a. rubifica'tion, n. fSru'by, n. & a. Ilru'bican, a. RucT-US, m. 4. a belch or belching. eruct', v. eructa'tion; n. ructa'tion, n. eruct'ate, v. RUD-Is, a. unwrought, untaught, ignorant, rude. Illler'udite, a. rude, a. ***ru'dimnent, n. I~~Teruditi'on, n. rude'ly, ad. rudimen'tal, a. Rur- us, a. reddish, yellowish red-tttrufcs'cent, a. rufous, a. RvuG-., f. 1. a wrinkle: as, cor'rugate, to wrinkle. cor rugate, v. & a. corruga'tion, n. ru'gose, a. corTrugated, a. 1t~cor'rugator, n. ru'gous, a. cor'rugating, a. cor'rugant, a. rugos'ity, n. RUIN-.A, f. 1. (a ruo, v. 3. to fall down), a downfall, fall* Royalty, kingship, the character, state, or office of a king; rights of a king prerogatives; Royalties, plur. emblems of royalty, regalia. t Viceroy, literally, one instead of a king; the governor of a kingdom or counltry, who rules in the name of the king with regal authority, as the king's substitute. $ Rubefacient, in medicine, a substance or external application which excites redness of the skin; making red. S Rubellite, a silicious mineral of a red colour of various shades. II Rubican, colour of a horse, is a bay, sorrel, or black, with a light-grey or white upon the flanks, but the grey or white not predominant there. I~ Rubicund, inclining to redness. ** Rubric, directions in law and prayer books, printed formerly in red ink. if Rubrical, placed in rubrics. tt Ruby, a precious stone of a red colour. X Eructation or Ructation, the act of belching wind from the stomach. 111 Erudite, taught, learned. ~~ Erudition, learning, knowledge gained by study, or from books dhd instruo tion, particularly learning in literature, as distinct from the sciences,-as in his tory, antiquity and languages. *** Rudiment, a first principle or element; that which is to be first learnt. itf Rufescent, tinged with red. ftt Corrugator, a muscle which contracts the skin of the forehead mino Trinkles. RUM 374 RUP ing: as, ru'iniform, having the appearance of ruins, ruina'tion, subversion, overthrow, (now only a colloquial term.) rucin, n. & v. ru'iner, n. ru'inous, a. ruina'tion, n. ru'iniform, a. ru'inously, ad. ru'ined, a. ru'ining, a. ruinousness, n. RlUMEN, in-is, n. 3. the cud: as, ru'minate, to chew the cud, to muse on, to meditate over and over again. ru'minant, a. & n. ru'minating, a. rumina'tor, n. ru'minate, v. rumina'tion, n. unru'minated, a. ru'minated, a. RUMOR, m. 3. a common or flying report. ru'mor, n. & v. ru'morer, n. ru'moring, a. ru'mored, a. RUNCIN-'A, f. 1. a saw — -run'cinate, a. ]RUPT-UM, Sup. (a rumpo, v. 3. to break), to break, to burst; as, abrupt', broken off or short, craggy, a sudden breaking off; disrup'tion, a rending or bursting asunder; erztption, a violent breaking or bursting out or forth; irrup'tion, a bursting in. abrupt', a. corrupt'ible, a. & n. disrup'tured, a, abrupt'ly, ad. corrupt'ib]ly, ad. disrup'turing, a. abrupt'ness, n. corrzipt'ibleness, n. erupt', v. abrup'tion, n. corruptibil'ity, n. erup'tion, n. fbank'rupt, n. a. & v. corrup'tion, n. erupt'ive, a. bank'rupted, a. corruptive, a. incorrupt', or bankrupting, a. corrupt'less, a. incorrupt'ed, a. bank'ruptcy, n. corrupt'ly, ad. incorrupt'ible, a. corrupt', v. & a. corrupt'ness, n. incorrupt'ibleness,-n corrupt'ed, a. disrupt', a. incorruptibil'ity, n. corrupt'er, n. disrup'tion, or incorrup'tion, n. corrupt'ing, n. & a. dirup'tion, n. incorrupt'ive, a. corrupt'ress, n. ldisrup'ture, v. incorrupt'ness, n.. * Runcinate, resembling the teeth of a double saw, lion-toothed,-applied tI eaves. t Bankrupt, bank-broken, a trader who fails or becomes unable to pay his just debts; an insolvent trader; in strictness, no person but a trader can be a bankrupt. Bankruptcy is applied to merchants and traders; insolvency, to other tersons. X Corrupt, to break, separate, or dissolve; to change from a sound to a putrid or putrescent state; to vitiate or deprave, to change from good to bad; to per. vart. 6 hDisrulpture, to rend, to sever by tearing, breaking. or bursting, (unnecessary' ss it is synonymous with rupture.) RUS 375 SAC *interrupt', v. & a. irrupt'ive, n. uncorrupt', a. interrupt'ed, a. prerupt', a. uninterrupt'ed, a. interrupt'edly, ad. prorup'tion, n. uninterrupt'edly, ad. interrupt'er, n. rup'ture, n. & v. uncorrupt'ed, a. interrup'ting, a. rup'lured, a. uncorrupt'edness, n. interrup'tion, n. rup'turing, a. uncorrupt'ness, n. irruption, n. rup'tion, n. uncorrupt'ible, a. Rus, rur-is, n, 3. the country: as, ru'ral, rus'tic, belonging to the country. ru'ral, a. truirig'enous, a. rus'ticalness, ru'rally, ad. rus'tic, n. & a. rus'ticate, v. ru'ralness, n. Orustic'ity, n. rus'ticated, a. ru'ralist, n. rus'tical, a. rus'ticating, a. truric'olist, n. rustically, ad. rustica'tion, n. Russ- us, a. reddish brown-rus'set, a. S. SABBAT-UJI, n. 2. (Heb. nmv, to cease, to rest from 7worlk), rest, the Sabbath: as, sabbatical, belonging to the Sabbath. anti-sabbata'rian, n. sabbat'ic, a. sab'bath-breaker, n. & a. l~sabbat'ical, a. sab'bath-breaking, n, Ilsabbata'rian, n. & a. sab'batism, n. sab'bathless, a. sabbata'rianism, n. Sab'bath, n. SABELLI-US, m. 2. an ancient heretic. **sabel'lian, n. & a. sabel'lianism, n. SABUL-U-M, n. 2. small sand-sab'ulous, a. sabulos'ity, 71. SACCHAR —Ux, n. 2. sugar: as, sac'charine, of sugar. * Interrupt, to break between; to stop or hinder by breaking in upon the,ourse or progress of any thing; to divide, to separate; also, broken; contain. ng a chasm.-Milton. t Rurtcolist, an inhabitant of the country. t Rurigenous, born in the country. 6 Rusticity, the manners or qualities of a countryman. II1 Sabbatarian, one- who observes the seventh day of the week instead of the first. IT Sabbatical year, in the Jewish economy, was every seventh year, in which the Israelites were commanded to suffer their fields and vineyards to rest, or lie without tillage, and the year next following every seventh sabbatical year in succession, that is, every fiftieth year was the jubilee, which was also a year of rest to the lands, and a year of redemption or release, Lev. xxv. **Sabellian, a follower of Sabellius, a philosopher of Egypt, in the third century, who openly taught that there is one person only in the Godhead and that the Word and Holy Spirit are only virtues, emanations or functions of the Deity. SAC 376 SAD saccharifterous, a. sac'charine, a. *saccholac'tic, a. SAcER, -cri, a. sacred, holy, devoted, detestable: as, des'ecrate, to divert from a sacred purpose; ob'secrate, to beseech, to entreat; sacerdo'tal, pertaining to priests or the priesthood; sac'rilege,-stealing sacred things. antisacerdo'tal, a. obsecra'tion, n. tftsacrif'icant, n. tcon'secrate, v. & a. recon'secrate, v. sacrifica'tor, n. con'secrated, a. recon'secrated, a. sacrif'icatory, a. con'secrating, a. recon'secrating, a. 1tsac'rifice, v. & n. consecra'tion, n. reconsecra'tion, n. sac'rificed, a. con'secrator, n. sacerdo'tal, a. sacirificer, n. con'secratory, a Jlsac'rament, n. sacrificial, a. des'ecrate, v. sacrament'al, a. & n. sac'rilege, n. des'ecrated, a. sacramentally, ad. sacrile'gious, a. des'ecrating, a. ~sacramenta'rian, n. sacrile'giously, ad. desecra'tion, n. & a. sacrile'giousness, n. fex'ecrate, v. **sacrament'ary, a. &. sacrile'gist, n. ex'ecrated, a. sa'cred, a. d sa'crist, n. execra'tion, n. sa'credly, ad. sac'ristan, n. ex'ecrable, a. sa'credness, n. lI[[sac'risty, n. ex'ecrably, ad. sacrif'ic, a. T~~Tsac'rosanct, a. ]ex'ecratory, n. sacrif'ical, a. uncon'secrated, a. ob'secrate, v. SADDUCEES"*# (Heb.), a sect of the Jews. Sad'ducee, n. sadduce'an, a. sad'ducism, n. * Saccholactic, a term in chemistry, denoting an acid obtained from the sugar of milk,-now called mucic acid. t Consecrate, to make or declare to be sacred by certain ceremonies or rites; to appropriate to sacred uses; to set apart, dedicate, or devote to the service and worship of God; to canonize; to set apart and bless the elements in the Lord's Stupper; to render venerable. t Execrate, literallv, to curse. to denounce evil against, or imprecate evil ont; to detest utterly, to abhor, to abominate. 6 Execratory, a formulary of execration. II Sacrament, originally, a sacred oath taken by soldiers to their generals; now a holy ordinance instituted by Christ, —as, the Lord's Supper, and Baptism. "See Larger Catechism, Question 162. and Short. Cat. Q. 92.) ~ Sacramentarian, one that differs from the Romish Church in regard to fne Sacrament, or Lord's Supper,-a word applied by the Catholics to Prolestants. ** Sacramentary, a book of the Romish Church containing all the prayers and ceremonies used in the celebration of the Sacraments. - tSacriicant, one who offers a sacrifice. ft Sacrifice, an offering made to God by killing and burning some animal upon an altar, as an acknowledgment of his power and providence, or to make atonement for sin, appease or conciliate his favour, or to express thankfulness for his benefits. - Sacrisf, Sacrisfan, an officer of the church who has the care of the uten. wils or moveables of the church,-now corrupted into sexton. 1111 Sacristy, the place where the sacred utensils are kept,-now called the ueP'.rYT'.~~~ Sacrosanct, holy, sacred, inviolable. ** Sadducees (either from the I-ebrew word jpy, justice, or from a certain SAG 377 SAL SAGAX, aC-iS, a. (& sag-us, a. wise), knowing, foreseeing: as, presage', to forebode, to foreshow. *pre'sage, n. presag'ed, a. saga'ciousness, n. presage', v. presag'ing, a. sagac'ity, n. presag'er, n. tsaga'cious, a. tsage, a. & n. presage'ful, a. saga'ciously, ad. sage'ly, ad. SAG1TT —., f. 1. an arrow: as, sag'ittal, of or like an arrow. sag'ittal, a. Qsagitta'rius, n. Ilsag'ittary, n. ~sag'ittate, a. SAL, m. 3. (A&X), salt; wit: as, sal, in chemistry, salt; salif'erous or salinif'erous, producing salt; saline' or sali'nous, consisting of salt; salsu'ginous, soltish, somewhat salt; salt'ern, a salt-work. sal, n. salifica'tion, n. salt'ed, a. saIlacious, a. sal'ified, a. salt'er, n. sala'ciously, ad. sal'ifying, a. salt'ern, n. sala'ciousness, n. saline', a. & n. salt'ing, a. & n. salac'ity, n. Illlsalina'iion, n. salt'ish, a. ftsal'ad, n. sali'nous, a. salt'ishly, ad. tIsal'ary, n. salin'iform, a. salt'ishness, n. sal'aried, a. ~~sali'no-terrene, a. salt'ly, ad. salif'erous, or ***sal'ite, v. salt'ness, n. salinif'erous, a. salso-ac'id, a. salt'less, a. 6 sal'ify, v. salsu'ginous, a. salt'cot, n. sal'ifiable, a. salt, n. a. & v. salt'-cellar, n. teacher among the Jews called Sadoc), a sect among the Jews who denied the resurrection, a fulture state, and the existence of angels, Acts xxiii. * Presage, something which foreshows a future event, a prognostic; a present fact indicating something to come. t Sagacious, quick of scent or of thought; acute in discernment or penetration. t Sage, a wise man, a man of gravity and wisdom; particularly, a man t enerable for years, and known as a man of sound judgment and prudence; a grave puilosopher. Sagittarius, an archer; one of the twelve signs of the Zodiac, which t1 e sun enters, Nov. 22. II Sagittary, a centaur, an animal half-man, half-horse, armed with a bow ai d 7uiver. ~ Sagittate, in botany, shaped like the head of an arrow. tt Salad, raw herbs seasoned with salt, vinegar, &c. Ut Salary; originally, the pay of soldiers, being partly in salt; a stated or fixed hire yearly: when the hire is monthly, weekly, or daily, it is calle& pay or wages. a- Salify, to form into a neutral salt, by combining an acid with an alkla earth or metal. Ill Salination, the act of washing with salt wpter ~ I Saisno-terrene, denoting a compound of salt and earth. *** Salite,' to salt. SAL 378 SAL salt'mine, n. sauce'pan, n. pse'ason, n. salt'-pan, or fsau'cy, a. se'asonage, n. salt'-pit, n. sau'cily, ad. se'asoner, n. saltpe'tre, n. satt'ciness, n. se'asoning, n. & a. saltpe'trous, a. Ssau'sage, n. unsalt'ed, a. *sauce, n. & v. SALEBR —B, f. 1. (t salio), rough or rugged places: as sa('ebrous, rough, uneven-sal'ebrous, a. salebros'ity, n 8AL-O, saltum, v. 3. to leap, to jump: as, assail' or as sault', to leap or fall upon by violence, to attack su(ddenly; coun'sel, advice; dissil'ient, starting asunder; exult', to leap for joy, to rejoice in triumph; resilient, leaping or starting back; sa'lient, leaping, springing. assail', v. consvt:%'ed, a. dissiliti'on, n. assailable, a. consult'er, n. exult', v. assailant, n. & a. consult'ing, a. exult'ance, n. assai'led, a. consult'ative, a. exult'ancy, n. assai'ler, n. consulta'tion, n.. exult'ant, a. assai'ling, a. coun'sel, n. & v. exulta'tion, n,. assault', n. & v. coun'sellable, a. exult'ing, a. assault'able, a. coun'selled, a. in'sult, n. assault'ed, a. coun'selling, a. ttinsult', v. assaulter, n. coun'sellor, n. insulta'tion, n. assault'ing, a. coun'sellorship, ns. insult'er, n. Ilcon'sul, n. **des'ultory, a. insult'ed, a. con'sular, a. desultorily, ad. insult'ing, a. & n. con'sulate, or des'ultoriness, -n. insult'ingly, ad. con'sulship, n. dissil'ience, n. ttprocon'sul, n. lconsult', v. & n. dissil'ient, a. proconsular, a. * Sauce, a mixture eaLen with food, to give it additional flavour or relish. t Saucy, literally, shooting forward; impudent, bold to excess, rude; treating superiors with contempt. I Sausage, a roll of meat minced small, and seasoned with salt.: Season, to mix with food any thing that gives a high relish; to give a relish to; to fit for any use by time or habit. II Consul, the chief magistrate of the ancient Roman republic, invested with regal authority for one year; now, a person commissioned by a king or state, to reside in a foreign country as an agent or representative, to protect the rights, commerce, merchants and seamen of the state, and to aid the government in any commercial transactions with such foreign country. ~ Consult, to seek or ask advice of another, followed by with; to take counsel together,-because, it is said, the effect is to make the parties leap together as it were into one opinion. Desultory, leaping, passing or moving quickly from one thing or subject to another, without order or natural connection; unconnected. tf Insult, a leaping on; any gross abuse offered to another, either by words or actions; act or speech of insolence or coy'empt; to trample upon, to affiront. ft ProconsulJ a Roman magistrate sent to a province with consular authority lor one years SAL 379 - SAL procon'sulship, n. sa'lient, a. ttsubsult'us, n. *resile', v. Osal'ly, n. & v. supersa'lience, n. resil'ience, n. sal'lying, a. USsupersa'lient, a. resil'iency, n. ljsal'mon, n. d~transil'ience, n. resil'ient, a. ~salt'ant, a. transil'iency, n. resiliti'on, n. salta'tion, n. unassai'lable, a. f result', v. & v **subsult'ive, or unassai'led, a. Iresult'ant, n. subsult'ory, a. anassault'ed, a. result'ing, a. subsult'orily, ad. unconsult'ed, a. SALIV-Aq, f 1. spittle: as, sal'ivary, pertaining to saliva. 111lsali'va, n. sali'vous, a, sal'ivating, a. sal'ival, or sal'ivate, v. saliva'tion, n. sal'ivary, a. sal'ivated, a. SAL-Uv, ut-is, f 3. safety, health: as, salu'brious or sal'u., tary, wholesome; sal'ute, to greet, to hail; salva'tion, the act of saving; salutif'erous, bringing health. insafe'ty, n. safe'ty, n. salu'ter, n. insalu'brity, n. safe-con'duct, n. saluta'tion, n. insalu'brious, a. safe'guard, n. salu'tatory, a. insal'utary, a. salu'brity, n. salutif'erous, a. resalute', v. salu'brious, a. salv'able, a. resalu'ted, a. salu'briously, ad. salvabil'ity, n. resalu'ting, a. sal'utary, a. f~~salv'age, n. safe, a. & n. sal'utariness, n. ***salva'tion, n. safe'ly, ad. salute', v. & n. iftfsalv'atory, n. safe'ness, n. salu'ted, a. IItsalve, n. & v. * Resile, to-start back, to fly from a purpose,-a word in Scots law to express receding from the terms of a bargain. t Result, a leaping back; a consequence, a conclusion, an inference. t Resultant,,in mechanics, a force which is the combined effect of' two or more forces, acting in different directions.' Sally, to issue suddenly: a spring or darting of intellect, fancy or imaglnation; act of levity or extravagance, a wild gaiety, a frolic. 11 Salmon, a fish,-because it takes great leaps.' Saltant, leaping, dancing. **Subsldtive or Subsultory, leaping, bounding, moving by sudden leaps oz starts, or by twitches. ftt Subsaltus, in medicine, a twitching or convulsive motion. #' Stupersalient, leaping upon. X Transilience, a leap from thing to thing. J11 Saliva, the fluid which is secreted by the salivary glands, and which serves to moisten the mouth and tongue. ~T Salvage, a reward allowed for saving goods from a wreck. *** Salvation, in theology, the redemption of man from bondage of sin, and liability to eternal death, and the conferring on him everlasting happiness by Jesus Christ,-as, " Godly sorrow worketh repentance to salvation,":2 Cor. vi l0 tft Salvatory, a place where things are preserved,'a repository. tfl Salve, an ointmefit or glutinous substance to be applied to wounds or sores when spread on leather or cloth, it is called plaster; help, remedy 34 SAL 380 SAN *sal'ver, n. sa'ved, a. sa'viour, n. fsal'vo, n. sa'ver, n. $sa'vings-bank, n. sa'vable, a. sa'ving, a. & n. unsalu'ted, a. sa'vableness, n. sa'vingly, ad. unsa'ved, a. save, v. & ad. sa'vingness, n. SALV-US, a. (i salus), safe, sound. (See Salus.) SAMARI —.l, f. 1. (0.'nv, Heb. to preserve, to guard), an - ancient city and country of Palestine. 3 Samar'itan, n. & a. SANCT-US, a. (a sancio, v. 4. to ratify, to ordain), hTI7Y. sacred: as, saint, a person sanctified; sanc'tify, to make holy; sanc'tity, holiness. sac'rosanct, a. sanc'tifier, n. sanc'tioning, a. saint, n. &'. sanctifica'tion, n. **sanc'titude, n. saint'ess, n. sanc'tifying, a. sanc'tity, n. saint'ed, a. Ilsanc'timony, n. ttsanc'tuary, n. saint'ly, a. sanctimo'nious, a. Itsanc'ius, n. saint'like, a. sanctimo'niously, ad. unsaint', v. saint'ship, n sanctimo'niousness, n. unsaint'ed, a. sanc'tify, v. ~sanc'tion, n. & v. unsanc'tified, a. sanc'tified, a. sanc'tioned, a. unsanc'tioned, a.'SANGUIS, in-is, m. 3. blood: as, ensan'guine, to stain with blood; sanguif'erous, conveying blood; san'guify, to produce blood. consanguin'ity, n. consanguin'eous, a. llcous'in, n. * Salver, a piece of plate on which any thing is presented; supposed to be used formerly to save what was left. f Salvo (fiom salvo jure, an expression used in reserving rights), an exception, an excuse. t Savings-Bank, a. bank in which the savings or earnings of the poor are deposited or put to interest for their benefit.. Samaritan, pertaining to Samaria, the country or principal city of the ten tribes of Israel, belonging to the tribe of Ephraim, and after the captivity of those tribes, repeopled by Cuthites, &c. from Assyria or-Chaldea, 2 Kings xvii.; denoting the ancient characters and alphabet used by the Hebrews. 11 Sanctimony, a great profession or appearance of holiness. I Sanction, to ratify, to confirm. ** Sanctitude, holzness. it Sanctuary, a holy or sacred place; particularly amlong the Israelites, the most retired part of the temple at Jerusalem, called the Holy of Holies,, in which was kept tile ark of the covenant, and into which no person was pernlitted to enter except the High Priest, and that only once a year, to intercede for the people. The same name was given to the most sacred part of the tabernacle, Lev. iv. Heb. ix. A house consecrated to the worship of God, a church; a place of protection, a sacred asylum. ft Sanctus, a hymn, beginning with the words, 1" Holy! Holy! Holy!". Cousin, the son or daughter of an uncle or aunt; the children of brothers or sisters being usually denominated cousins or cousin-germtans. In the secona generation, they are called second cousins. SAN 381 - SAR ensan'guine, v. san'guifying, a. san'guinely, ad. ensan'guinid, a. sanguifica'tion, n. san'guineness, tn. *exsan guious, a. sanguif'luous, a. sanguin'eous, a. sanguif'erous, a. tsantguinary, a. {sanguiniv'orous, a san'guify, v. tsann'guine, a. Ilsan'guisuge, n. san'guifier, n.SAN-US, a. sound, an health, whole: as, san'ative, healing, san'ity, a sound state of mind. ~ insane', a. & n. san'able, a. san'ity, n. insane'ly, ad. san'ative, a. sound, a. insane'ness, n. san'ativeness, n. sound'ly, ad. insan'ity, n. sane, a. sound'ness, n. insan'able, a. SAP1-O, v. 3. to savor or taste of; to know, to be wise: as, insip'id, tasteless, wanting spirit or life; sap'id, tasteful; sa'porous, having taste. insip'id, a. sapid ity, n. sa'vorly, a. & ad. insip'idly, ad. - Usa'pience, n. sa'vory, a. insip'idness, n. sa'pient, a. sa'vorily, a. & ad. insipid'ity, n. sapien'tial, a. sa'voriness, n. **insip'ience, n. sa'por, n. sa'vorless, a. insap'ory, a. sa'porous, a. unsa'vory, a. ttresip'ience, n. saporos'ity, n. unsa'vorily, ad. sap'id, a. {saporif'ic, a. unsa'voriness, n. sapiidness, n. lllsa'v6r, n. & v. SAPO, on-is, m. 3. soap: as, sapona'ceous or sap'onary, soapy, resembling soap. sapona'ceous, a. S~~sapon'ify, v. soap, n. sap'onary, a.. saponifica'tion, n. soa'py, a. SARA (Arab. probably a'isw, Heb. to remain), a desert. * Exsanguious,.having no blood. t Sangrtinary, bloody, attended with much bloodshed; bloodthirsty; cruel eager to shed blood. t SangrLuine, having the colour of blood, red; abounding with blood, plethoric warm, ardent; confident. 6 Sanguinivorous, eating or subsisting on blood. II Sangtuisuge, the blood-sucker; a leech or horse-leech. 11 nsane, unsound in mind or intellect, mad, deranged in mind. ** Insipience, want of wisdom or understanding, fblly, fobolishness. tt Resipience, properly, wisdom derived from severe experience, —henea repentance. at Sapience, wisdom, sageness, knowledge.. ISaoporific, producing taste. ill Saevor, taste or odor; in Scripture, character oi reputation;-a sweet salvor deilotes that which. renders a thing acceptable to God, or his acceptance. -lence, to smell a swueet savor, is to accept the offering-or service. Gen. viii.;1~ Saponify, to convert into soap by combination with an alkali. SAR 382 SAT *sar'aband, n. Sar'acens, n. tsaracen'ic, a. SAIX, sarc-os (cagE, dagxo0), jfesh: as, sar'cocele, a Jfesh9 tumor or swelling. tanas'arca, n.- sarcas'tically, ad. **sarco'ma, n. anas'arcous, a. sar'cocele, n. sarcoph'agy, n. hypersarco'sis, n. sarcol'ogy, n, sarcoph'agus, n. IIsar'casm, n. sarcolog'ical, a. sarcoph'agous, a. sarcas'tic, a. ~sarcocol'la, n.' fsarcot'ic, a. & n. sarcas'tical, a. SATAN ('atav, a taW, Heb. an adversary, an enemy to God and man), the devil. Sa'tan, n. satan'ical, a. sa'tanism, n. satan'ic, a. satan'ically, ad. sa'tanist, n. SATELLES, it-is, m. 3. a life-guard, an attendant. tsat'ellite, n. satelliti'ous, a. SATIR-S, f. 1. a poem in which vice and folly are censur ed: as, satir'ic, belonging to satire. {Isat'ire, n. satir'ically, ad. sat'irized, a. satir'ic, a. sat'irist, n. sat'irizing, a. satir'ical, a. sat'irize, v. SATIS, a. enough, sufficient: as, sate, sa'tiate, to fill, to glut; sat'isfy, to give enough, to content; saturate, impregnating to the full. * Saraband, a dance and a tune used in Spain,-said to be derived from the Saracens. t Saracenic, pertaining to the Saracens, inhabitants of Arabia, a country which, inits general aspect, is a vast and arid desert. t Anasarca, a species of dropsy, from a serous humor spread between the skin and the flesh. H Hypersarcosis, the growth of fungus or proud flesh. I{ Sarcasm (litertlly, a tearing or plucking off the skin), a bitter taunt or gibe. 0f this we have an example in the remark of the Jews respecting Christ on the cross, —" He saved others, himself he cannot save." IT Sarcocolla, a semi-transparent solid substance, imported from Arabia and Persia, sometimes called a gum resin,-used in healing wounds and ulcers. ** Sarcoma, any fleshy excrescence on an animal body. +t Sare)tic, in surgery, producing or generating flesh. Tf Satellite, a secondary planet or moon; a small- planet revolving round cr attending upon a larger. In the solar system, eighteen satellites have been discovered: the Earth has one, called the Moon; Jupiter four, Saturn seven, and Herschel six. A follower, an obsequious attendant or dependant. t Satire (a Satyri, satyrs, rural demi-gods, having the horns, ears, and. feet of goats, the rest human, remarkable for their nimbleness, piercing eyes, and keen raillery), a discourse or poem, in which wickedness or folly is exposed with severity,-so called, because, in the ancient satire, the character of the Satyrs, or persons like them, were introduced. It differs from lampoon and pasquinadle in being general rather than personal. SAT 383 SAX dissat'isFt, v. sa'ted, a. satura'tion, n. dissat'isfied, a. sate'less, a. supersat'urate, v. dissat'isfying, a. sa'tiate, v. & a. supersat'urated, a. d'ssatisfac'tion, n. salia'tion, n. supersat'urating, a. dissatisfac'tory, a. *sati'ety, n. supersatura'tion, n. disatisfac'torily, ad. satisfy, v. unsa'ted, a. dissatisfac'toriness, n. sat'isfied, a. unsa'tiable, a. insa'tiable, a. sat'isfier, n. - ansa'tiate, v. insa'tiably, ad. sat'isfying, a. ansa'tiated, a. insa'tiableness, n. satisfac'tion, n. _ unsatisfac'tory, a. insa'tiate, a. satisfactive, a. unsatisfac'torily, ad. insa'tiately, ad. satisfac'tory, a. unsatisfac'toriness, n insati'ety, n. satisfac'torily, ad. unsatisfac'tion, n. insatisfac'tory, a. satisfac'toriness, n. unsat'isfiable, a. insat'urable, a. saturable, a. unsat'isfied, a. oversat'urate, v. sat'urant, a. unsat'isfiedness, n. oversat'urated, a. fsat'urate, v. unsat'isfying, a. oversat'urating, a. sat'urated, a. unsat'urated, a. sate, v. sat'urating, a. SATRAP (Pers. a datgcarmg, Gr.) a governor of a district. Isat'rap, n.- sattrapess, n. {sat'rapy, n. sat'rapal, a. SATURN-US, m. 2. (a satur), an ancient heathen deity. IlSat'urn, n. **saturn'ian, a. flsat'urnist, n. lfsaturna'lian, n. & a. tfsat'urnine, a. ~ Sat'urday, n. SAXON (Sax. reax, a knife, sword, or dqgger), a Saxon. * Satiety, properly, filness of gratification, either of appetite or any sensual desire; but it usually implies fulness beyond desire; an excess of gratification which excites wearisomeness or loathing; a state of being glutted. I Saturate, to impregnate or unite with, till no more can be received. t Satrap,fin Persia, an admiral; but more generally a governor of a province ~ Satrapy, the government or jurisdiction of a satrap. II Saturn (Saturnus, quia se. saturat annis, Cic. Nat. D. IMI. 24), in mythology one of the oldest and principal deities, the son of Ccelus and Terra, (heaven and earth), king of Latium in Italy, and the father of' Jupiter. (See Lem priere's Class. Diet.) He answers to the Greek xpovos, Chr6nus or timle. Ir' astronomy, one of the planets of the solar system, less in magnitude than Jupi ter, but more remote from the sun. ~r Saturnalian, pertaining to the Saturnalia, or festivals celebrated in honour of Saturn, Dec. 16, 17, or 18, in which men indulged in riot without restraint,hence loose, dissolute, sportive. ** Saturnian, in fabulous history, pertaining to Saturn, whose age or reign from the mildness and wisdom of his government, is called the golden age Hence golden, happy; distinguished for purity, integrity, and simplicity. it Saturnine, supposed to be under the influenice of Saturn,-hence dull ieavy, grave; not readily susceptible of excitement, phlegmatic. t$ Saturnist, a person of a dull,.grave, gloomy temperament. X Saturday, Saturn's day, the last day of the week. 4 A Ji SAX 384 SCA *Sax'on, n. & a. tsax'onism, n. sax'onist, n. SAX-U.-, n. 2. a stone or rock. sax'atile, am tsax'ifragc, n. saxif'ragous, a. SCAtL-., af 1. a ladder; a stair. {esealade', n. & v sca'lable, a. sca'led, a. Iscalade', or sca'lary, a, sca'ling, a. scala'do, n. scale, n. & v. sca'ling-ladder, n. SCALEN-OS (txaktXvoS), uneven, unequal. ~scalene', n. & a. scale'nous, a. SUANDAL —O.' (dxcav6OXov), a cause of ofence; disgrace. "'c'scan'dal, n. & v. scan'dalousness, n. scan'dalized, a. scan'dalous, a. scan'dalize, v. scan'dalizing, n. & a. scan'dalously, ad. SCAND —O, scansum, v. 3. to go, to Climb, to mount: as, ascend', to go up, to rise; descend', to go down; transcend', to go beyond, to surpass, to rise above. ascend', v. ascens'ive, a. descend'er, n. ascend'able, a. clond-ascend'ing, a. descend'ant, n. ascend'ant., n. & a. &{condescend', v. descend'ent, a. ascend'ed, a. condescend'ence, n. descend'ible, a. ascend'ency, n. condescend'ing, a. descendibil'ity, n. ascend'ing, a. condescend'ingly, ad. descen'sion, n.'ttascent'i n. condescen'sion, n. descen'sional, a. ascen'sion, n. condescens'ive,'a. descens'ive, a.,,:ascen'sion-day, n. descend', v. descent', n. * Saxon, one of the nation or people who formerly dwelt in the northern part of Germany, and who invaded and conquered England in the fifth and sixth:.enturies. The Welsh still call the English Sasons. Also, the language of the Saxons. t Saxonism, an idiom of the Saxon language. I ln Botany, a genuis of plants of many species. L Escalade, in the military art, a furious attack made by troops on a forfified place, in which ladders are used to pass a ditch or mount'a rampart. I S.ealade or SCaqadc, is also written Escalade. which see above. T A ocalene triangle is one whose sides and angles are unequat. ** Scandal, literally, a stumbling-block, something against which a person unpinges, or wvhich causes him to fall,-offence given by the- faults of another; (,n this sense we now generally use offence); reproachful aspersion, opprobrious censure, defamatory speech or report; shame, reproach, disgrace. tt Ascent, the act of rising; the way by which one ascends; the rise of a hill. t$ Ascension-day, a festival of some Christian churches, held ten days, or on the T'hursday but one before Whitsuntide, which is called Holy Thursday, in u,,mmemoration of our Savioulr's ascension into heaven, after his resurrection. Nt C(onldescend, to descend from the privlieges of superior rank or-dignity, to ao some act to an inferior, which strict justice or the ordinary rules of civility ilo not require. Hence., to submit, to yield, as to an inferior, implying an:i:ctsional relinquishment of distinction. SCA 385 SCE teascend', v. scan'ned, a. transcend'ency, n. reascend'ed, a. scan'ning, a. transcend'ent, a. reascend'ing, a. tscand'ent, a. transcend'ently, ad. reascen'sion, n. scan'sion, n. transcenden'tal, a. reascent', n. transcend', v. unascend'ible, a. redescend', v. transcend'ed, a. undescend'ible, a. redescend'ing, a. transcend'ing, a. unscan'ned, a. *scan, v. transcend'ence, n. tSCAPUL-A, f 1. the shoulder-blade; the shoulder: as, interscap'ular, situated between the shoulders. interscap'ular, a. scap'ula, n. Oscap'ular, a. Ilsupra-scap'ulary, a. SCARIPH-OS (dXageioS), a pointed instrument. ~scar'ify, v. scar'ifier, n. **scarificaltor, n. sca'ifaying, a. scarification, n. SCATURI-o, v. 4. (i:scateo, v. 2. to bubble as a spring), to spring as a fountain. ttsca'tebrous, a. scatu'rient, a. scaturig'inous, a. SCEL-OS (axsXo0), the leg-$$isos'celes, a. SCEN-S, f. 1. (rxnvn, a tent; the stage), the appearance or representation of places or things; the stage.. scene, n. scen'ical, a. scenograph'ical, a. sce'nery, n. Illlscenog'raphy, n. scenograph'ically,ad d scen'ic, a. scenograph'ic, a. SCEPT —O.vXI (~xrmoflzcai), to look about, to consider, to examine, to speculate; to doubt. ~~scep'tic, or skep'tical, n. scep'tically, ad. skep'tic, n. & a. scep'ticism, or scep'ticalness,. n. scep'tical, or skep'ticism, n. scep'ticize, v. * Scan, to examine a verse by counting the feet; to examine with critical cares t Scandent, climbing; climbing, either with spiral tendrils for its support, or' by adhesive fibres, as a stalk. Scapula, the shoulder-blade. ~ Scapular, pertaining to the shoulder or -the scapula. Ii Suprascapulary, being above the scapula. 1 Scarify, to scratch or cut the skin of an animal, or to make small incisions by means of a lancet or cupping instrument, so as:to draw blood from the smaller' vessels, without opening a large vein. ** Scarificator, an instrument used in scarification. tt Scatebrous, Scaturiginous, abounding with springs. ft Isosceles, having two legs only that are equal,-as an isosceles trangle.' Scenic, Scenica, belonging to scenery; dramatic, theatrical. 1111 Scenography, the representation of a body on a perspecttve plane, or a description of it in all its dimensions as it appears to the eye. I~ %Sceptic,-one who ddubts the truth and reality of any principle or systemn of principles or doctrines. In philosophy, a Pyrrhonist or follower of Pyrrhno the founder of a sect of sceptical pnilosophers, who maintained that no certain inferences can be drawn from tle reports of the senses, and who therefore SCE 386 SCI SCEPTR —UM, n. 2. (IxxrTgov), a staff spear, or rod, borne in the hand, as an emblem of power. *scep'tre, n. & v. scep'tred, a. SCHEDUL —:, f 1. (L Xs~e,), a small scroll -sched'ule, n. SCHEM-A (eXitra), a plan, a design or purpose; a project. scheme, n. & v. sche'ming, a. sche'mist, n. sche'mer, n. SCHISM-, (Xlrdaq, & rXl,', to split, to divide), a divmsion or separation in the church. J.schism, n. schismat'ically, ad. schis'matize, v. schismat'ic, a. & n. schismat'icalness, n. schism']ess, a. schismat'ical, a. SCHOL-., f. 1. (dXofx, leisure, occupation of leisure hours); a school: as, scholas'tic, pertaining to a scholar, to a school or schools. schol'ar, n. &scho'lion, or school'maid, n. schol'arship, n., scho'linm, n. school'man, n. schol'arlike, a. school, n. & v. schoolmaster, n. scholas'tic, a. & n. school'boy, n. school'mistress, n. scholas'tical, a. school'dame, n. schooling, a. & n. scholas'tically, ad. school'day, n. unscholas'tic, a. tscholas'ticism, n. school'fellow, n. unschool'ed, a. scho'liast, n. school'house, n. ScI-s-, f. 1. (aXo), a shadow: as, sciam'achy, a battle with a shadow; sciather'ic, belonging to a sun-dial. llamphis'cii, or amphis'cians, n.'Iantis'cii, or doubted of every thing. In theology, a person who doubts the existence and perfections of God, or the truth of revelation; one who disbelieves the divine original of' the Christian religion. * Sceptre, the appropriate ensign of royalty; an ensign of higher antiquity than a crown,-henee, royal power or authority. tiSchism, in a general sense, division or separation; but appropriately, a division or separation in a church or denomination of Christians, occasioned bv diversity of opinions; breach of unity among people of the same religious faith In Scripture, the word seems to denote a breach of charity, rather than a difference of doctrine. Separation, division among tribes or classes of people. $ Scholasticism, the method or subtilties of the schools. ~ Scholion, Scholium, in mathematics, a remark or observation subjoined to a demonstration. II Amphiscii, Amphiscians, in geography, the inhabitants of the tropics, whose shadows, in one part of the year, are cast to the north, and in the other to the enluth, according as the sun is in the southern or northern signs. ~f Antiscii, Anfiscians, the inhabitants of the earth, living on different sides of the equator, whose shadows at noon are cast in contrary directions. Those who live north of the equator are Antiscians to those on the south, and.vice ter.sa; the shadlows on one side being cast towards the north; those on the other, towards the south. SCI 387 SCi antis'cians, n. tperis'cii, or lsciather'ic, a. *as'cii, or peris'cians, n. sciather'ical, a. as'cians, n. ~sciag'raphy, n. sciather'icalness, n. theteros'cii, or sciagraph'ical, a. ~Tsciop'tic, a. & n. heteros'cians, n. sciorn'achy, n. sciop'tics, n. heteros'cian, a. SCIATIc-A,f. 1. (a lIXov, the hip), a pain in the hips. sciat'ica, n. **sciat'ic, n. & a. ftsciat'ical, a.. SCIND-O, scissum, v. 3. to cut: as, abscind', to cut off; prescind'ent, cutting off, abstracting abscind', v. prescind', v. Illscis'sible, a. ttab'sciss, or prescind'ent, a. scis'sile, a. abscis'sa, n. rescind', v. scissi'on, n. abscissi'on, n. rescissi'on, n. scis'sors, n. IQexscind', v. rescis'sory, a. ~~scis'sure, n. interscind', v. SCINTILL —, f. 1. a spark of fire: as, scin'tillate, to emit sparks or fine igneous'particles, to sparkle. scin'tillate, v. scintilla'tion, n. scin'tillant, a. scin'tillating, a. Sci-o, v. 4. to know: as, conscien'tious, obeying the dic. tates of conscience; con'scious, knowing one's self; omnisc'ience, knowledge of all things. * Ascii, Ascians, those persons, who, at certain times of the year, have -no shadows at noon. Such are the inhabitants of the torrid zone, who hatve, at times, a vertical sun. t Heteroscii, Heteroscians. Those persons whose shadows fall one way only. Stuch are those who live between the tropics and the polar circles. The shadows of those who live north of the tropic of Cancer, fall northward; thosesouth of the tropic of Capricorn, fall southward; whereas the shadows of those who dwell between the tropics, fall sometimes to the'north and sometimes to -the south. t Periscsi, Periscians, the inhabitants of a frigid zone, or within a polar circle, whose shadows move round, and in the course of the day fall in every point of the compass.. Sciagraphy, the art of sketching or delineating; in architecture, the profile or section of a building to exhibit its interior structure; in astronomy, the art of finding the hour of the day or night by the shadows of objects, caused by the sun, moon, or stars; the art of' dialling. II Sciatheric (& Onpa, a catching), belonging to a sun-dial..I Scioptic, pertaining to the Camera Obscura, or to the art of exhibiting tmages through a hole in a darkened room. ** Scialic, Sciatica, rheumatism in the hip. tt Sciatic, Sciatical, pertaining to, or affecting the hip. tt Absciss, Abscissa, in conics, part of the diameter of a conic section inter cepted between the vertex and a semi-ordinate. g Exscind, Interscind, Prescind, Rescind, to cut off. Ill Sc&ssible, Scissile, that may be cut or divided by a sharp Instrument, ~F~ Sc:ssure, a longitudinal opening in a body, made by cutting SCL 388 SCO 5conscience, n. Oinsci'ence, n. sci'olism, n. con'scienced, a. nesc'ience, n, **sci'olist, n. con'science-smitten, a. omnisc'ience, n. sci'olous, a. con'scient, a. omnisc'iency, n. self-con'scions, a. conscien'tious, a. omnisc'ient, a. self-con'sciousness, n conscien'tiously, ad. omnisc'ious, a. unconscien'tious, a. conscien'tiousness, n. Ilpre'science, n. uncon'scionable, a. cou'scionable, a. pre'scient, a. uncon'scionably, ad. con'sctonably, ad. pre'scious, a. uncon'scionableness, con'scionableness, n. l~sci'ence, n. uncon'scious, a. [n. con'scious, a. scien'tial, a. uncon'sciously, ad. con'sciously, ad. scientif'ic, a. uncon'sciousness, n. Icon'sciousness, n. scientif'ical, a. unscientif'ic, a. incon'scionable, a. scientif'ically, ad. unscientif'ically, ad. SCLAVI, m. 2.-a people of the north of Europe. ftsclavo'lian, a. sclavonW'ic, a. SCLER-OS (6xXhoS), hard, firm- tsclerot'ic, a. & n, Stoss or SCOB-IS, f: 3. saw-dust-scoh'iform, a. ~~scobs, t. ScoP-.ue, f. 1. a broom or besom-sco'piform, a. SCOP-EO (xo0Erw, a 0'xsrota0), to look, to observe narrowly: as, astros'copy, observation of the stars; scope, design, aim, space. * Consclence, internal or self-knowledge, or judgment of right and wrong; or the faculty, power, or principle within us, which decides on the lawfulness or unlawfulness of our own actions and affections, and instantly approves or condemns them; the moral faculty. Real sentiment, truth; court of conscience, a court established for the recovery of small debts in London and other trading cities and-districts. t Conscionable, according to conscience, reasonable, just. t Consciousness, the knowledge of sensations and mental operations, or of what passes in one's own mindi; the act of the mind which makes known an internal object. 6 Inscience, Nescience, want of knowledge, ignorance. II Prescience, foreknowledge, knowledge of events before they take place Absolute prescience belongs to God only. ~ Science, knowledge; one of the seven liberal branches of knowledge; viz. Grammar, Logic, Rhetoric, Arithmetic, Geometry, Astronomy,, and Music. Authors have not always been careful to use the terms art and science with due discrimination and precision. Music is an art as well as a science. In general, an art is that which depends on practice or performance; and science, that which depends on abstract or speculative principles. The theory of music is a science; the practice of it an art. ** Sciolist, one who knows little, or who knows many things superficially; a pretender to science. tt Sclavonian, Sclavonic, pertaining to the Sclavi, a people that inhabited the country between the rivers Save and Drave, or to their language. Hence the word came to denote the language which is now spoken in Poland, Russia, Hungary, Bohemia, &c. $t Sclerotic, hard, firm; the firm white outer coat of the eye; a medicine which hardens and consolidates the parts to which it is applied. X Scobs. raspings of ivory, or other hard substances; dross of metals, &c. SCO 389 SCO *anem'oscope, n. **chorepis'copal, a. illlllmeteoros'copy, n. antiepis'copal, a. ttcranios'copy, n. T~~~metopos'copy, n. archbishop, n.::deuteros'copy, n. n metopos'copist, n, archbish'opric, n. { epis'copacy, n. ****mi'croscope, n. archiepis'copal, a episcopa'lian, n. & a. microscop'ic, a. Xfas'troscope, n. epis'copal, a. microscop'ical, a. astros'copy, n. epis'copally, ad. itfjtnaus'copy, n. lbar'oscope, n. lllepis'copate, n. & v. ophthalmos'copy, n. baroscop'ic, a. I~~epis'copy, n. orniscop'ics, n. {bish'op, n. ***geos'copy, n. ornis'copist, n. bish'oplike, a. ttthe'lioscope, n. pol'yscope, n. ]lbish'opric, n. t$:hy'groscope, n. polem'oscope, n. ~calei'do-scope, n. hygroscop'ic, a. pyr'oscope, n. cherepis'copus, n.. ~man'oscope, n. scope, n. *Anemoscope, a machine which shows the course and velocity of the wind. tAstroscope, an astronomical instrument, composed of two cones, on whose surface the constellations with their stars are delineated, by means of which the stars may be easily known. I Baroscope, an instrument to show the weight of the atmosphere,-super seded by the Barometer. S Bishop, an overseer, a spiritual overseer, superintendent, ruler, or director. I Bishopric, the district over which the jurisdiction of a bishop extends, a diocese; office, spiritual charge. 1~ Caleidoscope, an instrument foi creating and exhibiting an indefinite variety: of beautiful forms. ** Chorepiscopal, pertaining to the power of a Chorepiseopus, or local bishop. tt Crantoscopy, the science of the eminences produced in the cranium by the brain, intended to discover the particular part of the brain in which reside the organs which influence particular passions or faculties. It is now termed Phrenology. It Deuteroscopy, the second intention; the meaning beyond the literal sense. X Episcopacy, government of the church by bishops; that form of ecclesiastical government in which diocesan bishops are established, as distinct from, and superior to, priests or presbyters,-as the church established in England. 1111 Episcopate, the office and dignity of a bishop, a bishopric; the order of bishops. bisEpiscopy, survey, superintendence, search. ""* Geescopy, knowledge of the earth, ground, or soil, obtained by inspection. tftt Helioscope, a sort of telescope fitted for viewing the sun without pain or injury to the eyes, as when made with coloured glasses, or glasses blackened with smoke. tit Hygroscope. (See p. 183.).. Manoscope. (See p. 225.) 111111 Meteoroscopy, that part of astronomy which treats of sublime heavenly bodies, distance of stars, &c. ~~~ Metoposcopy, the study of physiognomy; the' art of discovering the character or the dispositions of men by their features, or the lines of their face **** Microscope, an optical instrument, consisting of lenses or mirrors, which magnify objects, and thus render visible minute objects which cannot be seen by the naked eye, or enlarge the apparent magnitude of small visible bodies. so as to enable us to examine their texture or construction. tttf Nauscopy, the art of discovering the approach of ships, or the neighbour hood of lands, at a considerable distance.-Dr. Maty. SCO 390 SCR *sid'eroscope, n. telescopic, a. llunbish'op, v. tsteth'oscope, n. telescop'ical, a. ~uranos'copy, n. Ttel'escope, n.' ther'moscope, n. SCOPTr-0 (~dxWr), to gibe, to deride, to jeer. **scoff, n. & v. scoff'ing, n. & a. ttscop'tic, a. scoff'er, n. scoff'ingly, ad. scop'tical, a. SCORBUT-U-, n. 2. the scurvy: as, scorbu'tic, pertaining to, or diseased with scurvy. antiscorbu'tical, a. & n.scorbu'tical, a. scur'vy, n. & a. scorbu'tic, a. scorbu'tically, ad. SCORI-., f. 1. dross, the refuse of metal: as, sco'rify, to reduce to scoria or drossy matter. sco'ria, n. sco'rify, v. sco'rifying, a. scoria ceous, a. sco'rified, a. sco'riform, a. sco'rious, a. scorifica'tion, n. SCOT-US, m. 2. (a scotta, Sax.) a native of Scotland. tScot, n. scot'ish, or scot'ticism, n. scotch, a. scot'lish, a. SCRIB-O, scriptum, v. 3. to write: as, ascribe', to write or impute to, to attribute; circumscribe', to write round, to limit or bound; describe', to write down, to delineate; inscribe', to write or to address to; transcribe', to copy. adscribe', v. ascri'bable, a. circumscribe', v. antiscrip'tural, a. ascri'bed, a. circumscri'bed, a. antiscrip'turism, n. ascri'bing, a. circumscri'bing, a. antiscrip'turist, n. ascrip'tion, n. circumscrip'tion, n. ascribe', v. ascriptiti'ous, a. circurnscrip'tible, a. * Sideroscope (a a l7pos, sideros, iron), an instrument lately invented in France, for detecting small quantities of iron in any substance, mineral, vegetable, or animal. t Stethoscope, a tubtular instrument for distinguishing diseases of the breast by sounds.t Telescope, an optical instrument employed in viewing distant objects,-as the heavenly bodies. $ Thermoscope, an instrument showing the temperature of the air, or the degree of heat and cold. I1 Unbishop, to deprive of episcopal orders. ~1 Uranoscopy, the contemplatson of the heavenly bodies. ** Scqff to treat with insolent ridicule, mockery, or contumelious language, to manifest contempt by derision,-with at. It Scoptic, Scoptical, scoffing. tt Scot, supposed to be from ysgottad, Welsh, a woodsman, and that from ysgawd, a shade.' This word signifies, according to the Welsh, an inhabitant of the woods, and from the same root probably as Sythian, Sythia. —Webster SCR 391 SCP. circumscrip'tive, a. man'uscript' n. & a. scrip'ture, n. circumscrip'tively, ad. misascribe', v. scrip'turist, n. *conlscript, a. & n. nondescript', a. scrip'tural, a. conscrip'tion, n. ~prescribe', v. scrip'turalist, n. describe', v. prescri'bed, a. ~subscribe', v. descri'bable, a. prescri'ber, n. subscribed, a. descri'bed, a. prescribing, a. subscri'ber, n. descri'ber, n. prescrip'tible, a. subscri'bing, a. descri'bing, a. pre'script, or subscrip'tion, n. descrip'tion, n. prescrip'tion, n. superscribe', v. descrip'tive, a. prescrip'tive, a. superscri'bed, a. descrip'tively, ad. Ilproscribe', v. superscri'bing, a. tescritoir', or proscri'bed, a. superscrip'tion, n scrutoir', n. proscri'ber, n. transcribe', v. tex'script', a. & n. proscri'bing, a. transcri'bed, a. imprescrip'tible, a. proscrip'tion, n.' transcri'ber, n. incircumscrip'tible, a. proscrip'tive, a. transcri'bing, a. indescribable, a. rescribe', v. tran'script, n. indescrip'tive, a. ~re'script, n. transcrip'tion, n. inscribe, v. **scrib'ble, v. & n. transcrip'tively, ad inscri'bed, a. scrib'bled, a. uncircumscri'bed, a inscriber, n. scrib'bler, n. undescri'bed, a. inscri'bing, a. ttscribe, n. uninscri'bed, a. inscrip'tion, n. scriba'tious, a. unscrip'tural, a. inscrip'tive, a. ttscrip, n. unscrip'turally, ad. interscribe', v. scrip'tory, a. * Conscript, written, enrolled;-as, conscript fathers, the senators of Rome, so called, because their names were written in the register of the senate. t Escritoir, a box with instruments and conveniences for writing, also a desk or chest of drawers, with a lid opening downward, for the convenience of writing on it. It is often pronounced scrutore. Exscript, a copy, a transcript. ~ Prescrzbe, literally, to write before; in medicine, to direct, as a remedy to be used or applied to a diseased patient; to set or lay down authoritatively for direction. 11 Proscribe, to doom to destruction, to put one out of the protection of law, and promise a reward for his head; to reject utterly. The sense of this word originated in'the Roman practice of writing the names of persons doomed to death, and posting the list in public. ~ Rescript, literally, written back, the answer of an empeior, when consulted by particular persons on some difficult question. This answer serves as a decision of the question, and is therefore equivalent to an edict or decree. *~ Scribble, to write with haste or without care. IttScribe, a writer, a public writer; in Scripture and Jewish history, a clerk oi secretary to the king, 2 Sam. viii.; a writer and a doctor of the law, a man 9f learning, one skilled in the law; one who read and explained the law to the people, Etra vii. St Scrip, a small writing, certificate, or schedule; but scrip (a ysgrab, Welsh), a small bag, a wallet, 1 Sam. xvii. 40. Matt. x. 10. 6S Subscribe, literally, to write underneath; hence, to sign with one's own hand; to attest by writing one's name beneath; to promise to give by wrtmng one's name. 35 ~ScR 302 SCY SCROFUL-., f. ( scrofa; f 1. a saw) the name of a disease called the king's evil. *scrof lua, n;; scrof'ulous, a. SCRUPU S —us, m. 2. (a scrupus, m. 2. a little rough stone), a scruple, doubt, or dfficulty. overscru'pulous, a. scru'pling, a. scru'pulousness4 n. scru'ple, n. & v. scru'pulize, v. scrupulos'ity, n. scru'pled, a. jtscru'pulous, a. unscru'pulous, a. scru'pler, n. scru'pulously, ad. unscru'pulousnessi n SCRUTT-OR, V. dep. 1. to seek, to search diligently, to trace out: as, scru'tiny, close search, critical examination; scruta'tor, a close examiner. inscru'table, a. scruta'tion, n. scru'tinize, v. inscru'tably, ad. scruta'tor, n. scruttinized, a. inscru'tableness, n. scru'tiny, n. scru'tinizing, a. inscrutabil'ity, n. scru'tinous, a. scru'tinizer, n. scru'table, a. SCULP-O, scul ptum, V. 3. to carve in stone, to grdve in metal. tinsculp', v.' sculp'tile, a. sculp'tured, a. insculp'tuire, n. sculptor, n. sculp'turing, a. scutp, v. {sculp'ture, n. & v. SCURR —a, m. i. a scofer, a buffoon. scur'rrileous, a. scur'rilousness, n.!]scurril'ity, n. scur'rilously, ad. SCUT-UA, n. -2. a buckler or shield, a defence. ~sc.u'tage, i. **escutch'eon, or escutch'eoned, a. scu'tiform, a. scutch'eon, n. SCYTHIA, f. 1. the northern part of Asia-ttScyth'ian, a. & n. * Scrofula, a disease, called vulgarly the king's evil, characterized by hard, schirrous, and often indolent tumours, in the glands of the neck, under the chin, in the arm-pits, &b. f Scrupulous, nicely doubtful; cautious in decision; from a fear of offending or doing wrong. $t Insculp or Sculp,:to engrave, to carve. ~ Sculpture, the art of carving, cutting, or hewing wood oi stone into images of menj beasts, or other things. Sculptlire is a generic term, includihg carvw.lg or statuary and engraving; carved wtork. il Seurrility, such ow, viiulgar, indecent, or abusive language, as is used' ty mcan fellows, buffoons,jesters, and the like; grossness of reproach or invective. ~ SCutage, in -'English history, a tax or cbontiibution levied upon those who held lands by knight service; originally, a composition for personal service, which the. tetiint owed to his lord, but afteriward levied as an assessment. * Escutcheon, Scutcheon, the shield on which a coat of arins is represented; he shield of'a famrily; the picture of ensigns armorial ft Scythiaan, pertaining to Scythia, a name given to tae northern part of AWst and Europe adjoining to Asia. SEA "93 SEC SEASON (QL saison, Fr.) one of the four parts of the year,Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter. *sea'son, n. & v. sea'soner, n. unsea'sonable, a. sea'sonable, a. sea'soning, n. & a. unsea'sonably, ad. sealsonably, ad. unsea'soned, a. unsea'sonableness,n sea'sonableness, n. SEB-ux, n. 2. tallow, fat-seba'ceeus, a. sebac'ic, a. SECR-O (comP. form of sacro), to dedicate. (See Sacer.) SEc-o, sectum, v. 1. to cut; as, dissect', to cut in pieces, to anatomize; insect'ile, of an insect; insectiv'orous, feeding on insects. tbisect', v. insect'ile, a. sect, n. bisect'ed, a. insec'tion, n. secta'rian, n. & a. bisect'ing, a. insectiv'orous, a. secta'rianism, n. bisec'tion, n. F*insectolfoger, n. Illsect'ary, n. biseg'ment, n. ttinterse'cant, a. sect'arism, n. cose'cant, n.: jintersect', v. sect'arist, n. dissect', v. intersect'ed, a. r~~sect'ile, a. dissect'ed, a. intersecting, a. sec'tion, n. dissect'ing, a. intersec'tion, n. sec'tional, a. dissec'tion, n. resec'tion, n. ***sect'or, n. dissect'or, n. saw, n. & v. - ttseg'ment, n. Ilinsec'able, a.- saw'ed, a. subsec'tion, n. ~in'sect, n. & a. saw'er, n. trisect', v. insect'ed, a. tOse'cant, a. & n. trisect'ed, a. * Season, literally, that which comes or arrives; and in this general sense is synonymous with time; a fit or suitable time, usual or appointed time. t Bisect- to cut or divide into two equal parts. t Bisegment, one of the parts of a line divided into two equal parts. ~ Cosecant, in geometry, the secant of an arc which is the compliment of another to 90 degrees. Ii. Insecable, that cannot be divided by a cutting instrument, indivisible. ~ Insects, small animals whose bodies appear cut in or almost divided,-as. wasps, flies, spiders, ants, &c. Most insects pass through three states or meta. morphoses, the larva, the chrysalis, and the perfect insect. ** Insectologer, one who studies insects. See Entomologist, pages 123, 212. ti Intersecant, dividing into parts, crossing.,t Intersect, to cut between, to cut or cross mutually; to divide into parts. X Secant, cutting, dividing into parts; in geometry, a line that cuts another or divides it into parts. - lI Sectary, one who separates from an established church, or from- the pre vailing denomination of Christians. ~~ Sectile mineral is one that is midway between the brittle and the malleable, —as, soapstone and plumbago. *** Sector,-in geometry, a part of a circle comprehended between;wo radii aid the arc; a mathematical instrument. ttt Segment, in geometry, that part of the circle contained between a chordi and an are of that circle, or so much of the circle as is cut off by the ch~hrd in general. a part cut off or divided. SEC 394 SED trisect'ing, a. trisec'tion, n. *venesec'tlen, n. SECUL-U-M, n. 2. the world, an age. isec'ular, a. & n. sec'ularize, v. seculariza'tion, n. sec'ularly, ad. sec'ularized, a.supersec'ular, a. sec'ularness, n. sec'ularizing, a. unsec'ularize, v. secular'ity, n. SECUND —US, a. second in number or order. sec'ond, a. n. & v. sec'ondarily, ad. sec'ond-sight, n. sec'ondly, ad. sec'ondariness, n. sec'ond-sighted, a. sec'onded, a. sec'ond-hand, n. & a. unsec'onded, a. sec'ondary, a. & n. sec'ond-rate, n. & a. SECUR-IS, f 3. an ax or hatchet-secu'riform, a. SECRET —S, a. (se et cerno), kept hidden, retired..exsec'retary, n. se'cretist, n. secrete', v. se'cret, a. & n. se'crecy, n. secre'ted, a. se'cretly, ad. {sec'retary, n. secre'ting, a. se'cretness, n. sec'retariship, n. undersec'retary, n. SEDAT-US, a. (a sedo, v. 1. to soften), calm, peaceful. sedate', a. sedate'ness, n. Ilsed'ative, a. sedate'ly, ad. seda'tion, n. SED-EO, sessum, v. 2. to sit: as, assess', to set or fix a certain sum upon one as. a tax, to value; insid'iate, to lie in ambush for; obsid'ional, pertaining to a siege; preside', to be at the head, to direct or control; sed'entary,-belonging to sitting; sess, a tax. assess', v. & n. assess'ment, n. assid'uousness, n. assess'ible, a. assess'or, n. assidu'ity, n. assess'ed, a. as'sident, a. **assize', n. & v. assess'ing, a. ~assid'uous, a. assiz'ed, a. asses'sionary, a. assid'uously, ad. assiz'er, n. * Venesection, the act or operation of opening a vein for letting blood, blood!etting. t Secular, pertaining to this present world, or to things not spiritual or holy, ~worldly; a church officer for the vocal department of the choir. Exsecretary, one who has been secretary, but is no longer in office. S Secretary, originally, a confidant, one entrusted with secrets, now a person employed by a public body, by a company or by an individual, to write orders letters, dispatches, public or private papers, records, and the like; an officer who superintends and manages the affairs of a particular department of govern ment. 11 Sedatzve, in medicine, moderating muscular motion or animal energy. ~ Assiduous, literally, sitting to, constant in application, attel itive, careful: regular in attendance. ** Assize, originally, an assembly of knights and other substantla, men, with a bailiff or justice, in a certain place and at a certain time, for public business SED 395 SED *besiege', v. inconssid'erably, ad. prepossess'ed, a. besie'ged, a. inconsid'erableness, n. prepossess'ing, a, besie'ger, n. inconsidera'tion, n. prepossessi'on, n besie'ging, n. & a, inconsid'erate, a. preside', v. consessi'on, n. incQnsid'erately, ad. pres'idency, n. consess or, n. in cnsid'erateness, n. pres'ident, n. tconsid'er, v. insid'iate, v. pres'identship, n. consid ered, a. insid'iator, n. presiden'tial, a. consid'erable, a. Ilinsid'ious, a. - tpresid'ial, or consid'erably, ad. insid'iously, ad. presid'iary, a. consid'erableness, n. insid'iousness, n. presi'ding, a. consid'erer, n. non-res'idence, n. repossess', v. $consid'erate, a. non-res'ident, n. & a. repossess'ed, a. consid'erately, ad. obsess', v. repossess'ing, a. consid'erateness, n. ~obsessi'on, n. repossessi'on, t. considera'tion, n. obsid'ional, a. 1freside', v. consid'ering, a. & n. **possess', v. resi'der, n. consid'eringly, ad. possess'ed, a. res'idence, n. consid'erative, a. possess'ing, a. res'ident, n. -& a. gdispossess', v. possessi'on, n. residen'tiary, a. & n. dispossess'ed, a. possess'ive, a. fres'idue, n. dispossess'ing, a, possess'or, n. resid'ual, or dispossessi'on, n. possess'ory, a. resid'uary, a. inconsid'erable, a. prepossess', v. Illlresid'uum, n. A court in England, held in every county by special commission to one of the judges, who is called of justice of the assize, and empowered to take assizes that is, the verdict of a jury, called the assize; a jury. In Scotland, the assize consists of fifteen men, selected from a greater number; a writ; in a more general sense, any court of justice. * Besiege, to lay siege to. t Consider, literally, to sit by or close, or to set the mind or eye to; to fix the mind on, with the view to a careful examination, to think on with care, to ponder, to study, to meditate on, to view attentively. ] Considerate, given to consideration, or to sober reflection, thoughtful,-hence, serious, circumspect, careful, discreet. Dispossess, to put out of possession by any means; to deprive of actual occupancy of a thing, particularly of land or real estate; to disseize.' 1 IInsidious, properly, lying in wait,-hence, watching an opportunity to ensnare or entrap; deceitful, sly, treacherous, intended to entrap. ~T Obsession, the act of besieging; the first attack of Satan antecedent to pos. session. ** Possess, literally, to be able to sit; to have the just and legal title, ownership, or property of any thing; to own; to hold or occupy. it Presidial, Presidiary, pertaining to, or having a garrison. $t Reside, to dwell permanently, or for a length of time; to have a settled abode for a time. We do not say, a man resides in an inn for a night, or a very short time; but lodges, stays, remains, abides; as, reside Implies a longer time. though not definite. t Residue, that which remains after a part is taken, separated, removed, or designated. 111 Residuum, residue; in chemistry, that which is left after any process of separation or purification. 35* SEL 396 SEM *sedan', n. sessi'onal, a. superse'ded, a. sed'entary, a. Isiege, n. - llsuperse'deas, n. sed'entarily, ad. S~subside', v. superse'ding a. sed'entariness, n. subsi'dence, n. ~~superse'dure, n.'.sed'iment, n. subsi'dency, n. unassess'ed, a. tsed'ulous, a. **subsid'iary, a. & n. unpossess'ed, a. sed'ulously, ad. subsid'iarily, ad. unpossess'ing, a. sed'ulousness, n. tisub'sidize, v. unprepossess'ed, a. sedu'lity, n. sub'sidized, a. unprepossess'ing, a. sess, n. sub'sidizing, a. unsub'sidized, a.'ses'sile, a. tls.ub'sidy, n. vice-pres'ident, is. sessi'on, n. Esupersede', v. SELEN-E- (e;Xiv4), the moon: as, paraselene', a mock moon paraselene', n. jtfsel'enite, n. tttselen'ic, a. ***selenog'raphy, n. selenit'ic, a. fl~seleniu'ret, or selenograph'ic, a. selenit'ical, a. selenu'ret, n. selenograph'ical, a. sele'nium, n. SEMEN, in-is, n. 3. (2 sero, v. 3. to sow), seed: as, sem'inal, pertaining to seed; seminif'ic, forming or producing seed. Illlllconsem'inate, v. ~TI~dissem'inate, v. dissem'inated, a. * Sedan, a portable chair or covered vehicle for carrying a single person sitting. It is borne on poles by two men. Supposed by some to be derived from Sedan, a town in the north-east of France, it being first made there. t Sediment, the matter which subsides to the bottom of liquors; settlings, Lees, dregs. t Sedulous, literally, sitting close to an employment; hence, assiduous, diligent in application or pursuit; constant, steady, and persevering in business, or In endeavours to effect an object. S Sessile, in botany, sitting on the stem. II Siege, the sitting or setting of an army around or before a fortified place, for the purpose of compelling the garrison to surrender. ~ Subside,-literally, to sit under, to sink or fall; to abate. ** Subsidiary, aiding, auxiliary, assistant. ti Subsidize, to furnish with a subsidy. ft Subsidy, literally, a sitting under or by; aid in money, supply given, a tax. %t Supersede, to sit above; hence, to make void, inefficacious, or useless, by superior power, or by coming in place of; to set aside, to suspend; to take the place of another. III Supersedeas, in law, a writ or command to suspend the powers of an officei in certain cases, or to stay proceedings. ~OT Supersedure, the act of superseding,-as, the supersedure of -trial by jury *** Selenography, a description of the moon. ttt Selenite, foliated or crystallized sulphate of lime. itt Selenic, pertaining to selenium -or a new elementary body or substance So called on account of its reflecting the moon's light with brilliancy. It is loubted whether it oug!lt to be classed with the metals. %t Seleniuret or Selenuret, a newly discovered mineral, of a shining lead grey colour, with a granular texture. 1111[i Conseminate, to sow different seeds together. if~~Disseminate, literally, to sow, to scatter seed, (but seldom or never used in its literal sense); hence, to scatter for growth and propagation like seed to pread. SEM 397 SEN dissem'inating, a. seminal, a. semina'tion, n. dissemina'tion, n. seminal'ity, n. seminif'erous, a. dissem'inator, n. tsem'inary, n. seminif'ic, a. *insem'inate, v. sem'inarist, n. seminif'ical, a. insemina'tion, n. sem'inate, v. seminifica'tion, n. tprosemina'tion, n. SEMI a. (Fi), half: as, sem'itone, hylf a tone. semian'nual, a. semidiaph'anous, a. semiprirhig'enous, a. semian'nular, a. semiflos'culous, a. semiperspic'uous, a. semibarba'rian, a. semiflu'id, a. sem'iquaver, n. sem'ibreve, n. semilu'nar, a. semispher'ical, a. semicircle, n. sem'imetal, n. semispheroid'al, a. semicir'cuiar, a. semiopa'cous, a. semiter'tian, a. & n. sem'icolon, n. semiorbic'ular, a. sem'itone, n. semicolum'nar, a. Ilsemior'dinate, n. semitonlic, a. semicrusta'cecus, a. semios'seous, a. semitranspa'rent, n. semicylin'dric, a. semio'vate, a. semivo'cal, a. semideis'tical, a. semipe'dal, a. semivow'el, n. semidiam'eter, n. semipellu'cid, a. semivit'reous, a. SEMPER, ado. always: as, sempervi'rent, always fresh. sempervi'rent, a. ~sempitern'al, a. **sempitern'ity, n. SENEX, sen-is, c. 3. an old man; old: as, consenes'cence, or senes'cence, a growing old. consenes'cence, n. ttsei'gniorage, n. lllsentate, n. sei'gnior, or lQsei'gniory, or sen'ate-house, n. si'gnior, n. si'gniory, n. sen'ator, n..tfseigneu'rial, or sei'gniorize, or senato'rial, a. seignio'rial, a. si'gniorize, v. senato'rially, ad. * Inseminate, to sow. tProsemination, propagation by seed. Seminary, literally, a seed-plot, ground where seed is sown fobr producing plants for transplantation. A place of education, a school, academy, college, or university, where the seeds or elements of instruction are instilled into the youthful mind, to qualify them for their future employments.' Seminarist, a Romish priest educated in a seminary. II Semi-ordinate, in conic sections, a line drawn at right angles to, and bisect ed by the axis, and reaching from one side of the section to the other. ~ Sempiternal, eternal in futurity, or having no end, everlasting **.Sempiternity, future duration without end. tt Seigneurial or Seignorial, pertaining to a seignior or lord of a manor,-, used also in the south of Europe as a title of honour. The Sultan of Turkey is called the Grand Seignior,-pronounced, see'nyor. tS Seigniorage, a royal right or prerogative of the king of Enfgland, by which he claims an allowance of gold and silver brought in the mass, to be exchang. ed for coin. %j Seigniory, a lordship, a manor; the power or authority of a lord, dominion. IIIl Senate, originally, a council of elders or aged persons, an assembly or coun. cil of senators; a body of the principal inhabitants of a city or state, Invested ~ with a share in government; any legislative or deliberative body of mlen. SEN:398 SEN sen'atorship, n. se'nile, a. - senior'ity, n. senato'rian, n. senil'ity, n. sire, n. & v. senes'cence, n, *se'nior, n. & a. SENT-IO, sensum, v. 4. to feel, to think. as, consen'tient, agreeing in mind; dissen'tient, disagreeing, declaring dissent; non'sense, no sense; sens'ual, pertaining to the senses; sen'lient, that perceives. Massent', v. & n. dissen'tious, a. resent'ea, a, assent'er, n. dissenta'neous, a. resent'er, n. assenta'tion, n. dissentient, a. & n. resent'ing, a. assenta'tor, n. ~insens'ate, a. resent'ingly, ad. assent'ing, a. **insens'ible, a. resent'ful, a. assent'ingly, ad. insens'ibly, ad. resent'ive, a. consent', n. & v. insens'ibleness, n. resent'iment, a. consent'er, n. insensibil'ity, n. scent, n. & v. consen'sion, n. inscnst'ient, a. scent'ful, a. consenta'neous, a. non'sense, n. scent'less, a. consenta'neously, ad. nonsens'ical, a. Hsensa'tion, n tconsenta'neousness, n. nonsens'ically, ad. Illlsense, n. consen'tient, a, nonsens'icalness, n. sensel'ess, a. disconsent', v. nonsens'itive, a. sense'lessly, ad. ~dissent', v. & n. presensa'tion, n. sense'lessness, n..lissent'er, n. presen'sion, n. sens'ible, a. dissent'ing, a. & n. ttpresent'iment, n. sens'ibly, ad. Ijdissen'sion, n, Stresent', v. sens'ibleness, n. * Senior, one older than another, one older in office; elder or older; older in office. t Assent, agreeing to, or admitting the truth of a proposition; consent, agreemerit to a proposal respecting some right or interest. The distinction between assent and consent seems to be this. Assent is the agreement to an abstract proposition. We assent to a statement, but we do not consent to it. Consent is an agreement to some proposal or measure, which affects the rights or interest of the consenter. We consent to a proposal of marriage. t Consentaneoussness, agreeable, accordant, suitable. Dissent, to differ in opinion, to differ; to think in a different or contrary manner. II Dissension, disagreement in opinion, usually a disagreement which is vio-,ent, producing warm debates or angry words. 1~ Insensate, destitute of sense, stupid; wanting sensibility. ** Insensible, that cannot be felt or perceived. ft Presentiment, previous conception, sentiment, or opinion; or apprehension of something future. fl Resent, to take ill; to consider as an injury or affront; to feel angry or pro voked at. ~$ Sensation, the perception of external objects by means of the senses. SI i Sense, the faculty of the soul, by which it perceives external objects by means of impressions made on certain organs of the body. Sense is a branch of perception. The five senses of animals are sight, hearing, touch, smell. and taste Sensibility, understanding, reason, opinion, consciousness; meaning, im prt. signification;-as, the true sense of words or phrases. SEP 399 SEP sensibil'ity, n. sensual'ity, n. Ilsent'irnent, n. *sens'itive, a. sens'ualize, v. ~sentiment'al, a. sens'itively, ad. sens'uous, a. sentimentalist, n. tsenso'rium, or sen'tient, a. & n. sentimental'ity, nt. senstory, n. tsen'tence, n. & v. **sent'inel, or senso'rial, a. senten'tial, a. sen'try, n. sens'ual, a. {senten'tious, a. supersens'ible, a. sens'ually, ad. senten'tiously, ad. unconsent'ing, a. sens'ualist, n. senten'tiousness, n. unresent'ed, a. SEP-o (tr~r), to corrupt, to make putrid. antisep'tic, a. & n. fttsep'tic, a. & n. sep'tical, a. SEPTEM, a. seven: as, sep'tenary, consisting of seven. septang'ular, a. septin'sular, a. sev'enteenth, a. 1SIeptem'ber, n. sep'tuple, a. sev'enth, a. & n. septem'partite, a. 0{sep'tuary, n. sev'enty, a: sep'tenary, a. & n. sev'en, n. sev'entieth, a. septen'nial, a. sev'en-fold, a. & ad. subsep'tuple, a. septilat'eral, a. sev'enteen, a. SEPULCHR-UM, n. 2. (a sepelio, v. 4. to bury), a grave. sep'ulchre, n. & v. sepul'chral, a. Illlsep'ulture, n. SEPTUAGINT —. (A septem), seventy. septuag'enary, a. & n. septuages'imal, a. ***sep'tuagint, n. & 1 T~~septuages'ima, n.' Sensitive, having sense or feeling; having feelings easily excited. t Sensorium or Sensory, the seat of sense,-supposed to be in some parn of the brain; the brain and nerves. t Sentence, in law, a judgment pronounced by a court or judge upon a crimni inal. In civil cases, the decision of a court is called a judgment. In criminal cases, sentence is a judgment pronounced; doom; opinion, a maxim; in gram. mar, a period.'~ Sententious, full of sentences, axioms, and maxims; short and energetic. II Sentiment, properly, a thought prompted by passion or feeling; thought opinion, notion, judgment; the sense, thought, or opinion contained in words, but considered as distinct from them. We may like the sentiment, when we dislike the language. ~1 Sentimental, abounding with sentiment, or just opinions or reflections; ex. pressing quick intellectual feeling; affecting sensibility. A* Sentinel, a guard, a watch,-contracted into sentry. it Septic, having power to promote putrefaction. it September, the seventh month from March, which was formerly the first month of the year. September is now the ninth montfi of the year. % Septuary, something composed of seven, a week. III Sepulture, burial, interment. ~~ Septugesima, the third Sabbath before Lent,-supposed to be so called because it is about seventy days before Easter. *** Septuagint, a Greek version of the Old Testament, so called, because it was the work of seventy, or rather of' seventy-two interpreters. This translation from the Hebrew is supposed to have been made in the reign, and by the order of Ptolemy Philadelphus, king of Egypt, about 270 or 280'ears befc.re the birth of Christ. SEP 400. SEQ SEPTENTRIO, on-is, m. 3. (a septem), the north part of the world, the north. septen'trion, n. & a. septen'trional, a. septen'trionate, v, SEQU-OR, secutus, v. dep. 3. to follow: as, consecutive, following in a train; ex'ecute, to follow out or through to perform; pursue', to follow; sequa'cious, following se'quel, what follows. *assecu'tion, n. ex'ecuting, a. ob'sequent, a. tcon'sectary, a. & n execu'tion, n. ob'sequies, n. consecu'tion, n. ~Texecu'tioner, n. {{obse'quious, a. consecutive, a. exec'utive, a. & n. obse'quiously, ad. consec'utively, ad. **exec'utor, n. obse'quiousness, n, tcon'sequence, n. executo'rial, n. -11Iper'secute, v. con'sequent, a. & n. exec'utory, a. per'secuted, a. con'sequently, ad. exec'utorship, n. per'secuting, a. & rn con'sequentness, n. exec'utress, or persecu'tion, a. &consequen'tial, a. exec'utrix, n. per'secutor, n. consequen'tially, ad. ttex'equies, n. 1~~Tpros'ecute, v. consequen'tialness, n. exe'quial, a. pros'ecuted, a. Ilensue', v. incon'sequence, n. pros'eculing, a. ensu'ing, a. incon'sequent, a. prosecu'tion, n. ex'ecute, v. inexecu'tion, n. pros'ecutor, n. exlecuted, a. ttinsecta'tor, n. pursue', tI * Assecution, an obtaining or acquiring. t Consectary, following, consequent. t Consequence, that which follows from any act, cause, principle, or series of ea tions; hence, an event or effect, produced by some preceding act or cause; Influence, Importance. - Consequential, following as the effect; important. Conceited, pompous,-. applied to persons. ii Ensue, to follow; to follow in a train of events or course of time, to come after. ~i Executioner, one who follows out or carries into effect a judgment of death. ** Executor, the person appointed by the testator to execute or follow out his will, or to see it carried into effect. ittExequies, Obsequies, funeral rites and solemnities; funeral procession. 1t Insectator, a persecutor. ~~ Obsequious, promptly obedient or submissive to the will of another; compliant; servilely or meanly condescending or complying. lill Persecute, to pursue in a manner to injure, vex, or afflict; to afflict, harass, or destroy unjustly, for adherence to a particular creed or system of religious principles, or to a mode of. worship. Thus Nero the Roman emperor persecuted the Christians by crucifying some, burning others, and condemning others to be worried by dogs.-See Acts xxii. I~~Prosecute, literally, to follow forward, to follow or pursue with a view to reach. execute, or accomplish; to continue efforts already begun. This word signifies either to begin and carry on, or simply to continue what has been -'egan; to seek to obtain by legal process. Prosecute differs from persecute, as In law it is applied to the legal proceedings only, whereas persecute implies cruelty, injustice, or oppression. SER 401 SER pursu'ed, a. se'quence, n. suit'ress, n. pursu'er, n. se'quent, a. suij'able, a. pursu'able, a. subsec'utlve, a. suit'ably,. ad. pursu'ance, n. sub'sequence, n. suit'ableness, n. pursu'ant, a. fsub'sequent, a. suit'ed, a. pursu'ing, a. sub'sequently, ad. suit'ing, a. pursuit', n. tsiue, v. supercon'sequenco,n *pur'suivant, n. su'ed, a. unex'ecuted, a. sequa'cious, a. su'able, a. unobse'quious, a. sequa'ciousness, n. su'ing, a. unobse'quiously, ad. sequac'ity, a. Osuit, n. & v. unobse'quiousness, n se'quel, n. suit'or, n. unpursu'ed, a. SERAPH (Heb. 9lw, to burn), an angel of the highest order. sertapfh, n., ser'aphim, pl. seraph'ic, a. seraph'ical, a. SEREN-US, a. clear and fair, without clouds and rain, calm, unruffed; Ilserenade', n. & v. serene'ly, ad. seren'itude, n. serene', a. serenetness, n. seren'ity, n. SERIC-uJM, n. 2. silk -seri'ceous, a. SERI-US, a. grave, solemn. **joco-se'rious, a. se'rious, a. se'riously, ad. se'riousness,,i. SERP-O, v. 3. to creep: as, serpentine, like a serpent. ser'pent, n. ser'pentine, a. & v. $jserpi'go, n. f tserpenta'rius, n. ser'pentize, v. serpig'inous, a. SERR —q, f. 1. (a seco, to cut), a saw. i}ser'rate, or serra'ltion, n. Ii[lser'rulate, a. ser'rated, a. ser'rature, n. ser'rous, a. SERT-UM, SUp. (i sero, v. 3. to sow; to thrust, to knit), to * Pursuivant, a state messenger. t Subsequent, following in time or order. I Sue, to seek justice or right from one by legal process; to prosecute; to seek by request. ~ Suit, literally, a following; a set; retinue; a petition; in law, legal a pplication to a court for justice; to fit, to adapt; to agree. 11 Serenade, properly, music performed in a clear night; hence, an entertamn ment of music given in the night by a lover to his mistress under her window. music performed in the streets during the stillness of the night. ~F Sericeous, pertaining to silk,-so called from Seres, a people of India, by-'vhom silk was first woven. Plin. 21, 3. ** Joco-serious, partaking of m'irth and seriousness. tt Serpentartus, a constellation in the northern hemisphere, containing seventy-four stars. it Serpsgo, a kind of herpes or tetter: called also a ring-worm. % Serrate, Serrated, jagged, notched; indented on the edge like a samw i'11 Serrulate, finely serrated; having very minute teeth or notches. SER 4()2 SER anit, to join in discourse: as, assert', to affirm, to maintain; desert; to forsake; exert', to put or thrust forth. assert', v. desert'less, a. reassert'ed, a. assert'ed, a. desert'lessly, ad. reassert'ing, a. assert'ing, a. dissert', v. reinsert', v. asser'tion, n. *disserta'tion, n. reinsert'ed, a. assert'ive, a. dis'sertator, n. reinsert'ing, a. assert'ively, ad. exert', v. reinser'tion, n. assert'or, n. exert'ed, a. tse'ries, n. assert'ory, a. exert'ing, a. ser'mon, n. & v des'ert, n. & a. exer'tion, n. ser'moning, n. desert', v. & n. jinsert', v. ser'monize, v. desert'ed, a. insert'ed, a. ser'monizing, a. desert'ing, a. insert'ing, a. ser'monizer, n. desert'er, n. inser'tion, n. lsermocina'tion, n. desert'rix, n. intersert', v. sermocina'tor, n. desert'ful, a. interser'tion, n. unexert'ed, a. deser'tion, n. reassert', v. unassert'ed, a. S.eRV-IO, servitum, v. 4. (a servus, m. 2. a slave), to be a slave, to serve, tu obey: as, deserve', to merit; serv'ile, belonging to slavey. deserve', v. ser'geantship, n. tserv'itor, n. deserv'ed, a. se? ve, v. serv'itorship, n. deserv'edly, ad. sei v'ed, a. serv'itude, n. deserv'er, n. set v'er, n. subserve', v. deserv'ing, a. & n. ttserv'ice, n. subserv'ience, n. Ildisserve', v. serv'iceable, a. subserv'iency, n. disserv'ed, a. serv'iceableness, n. O subserv'ient, a. disserv'ice, n. serv'ile, a. subserv'iently, ad. disserv'iceable, a. serv'ilely, ad. superserv'iceable, a. disserv'iceableness, n. serv'ileness, n. underserv'ant, n. ~linserv'ient, a. servil'ity, n. undeserv'ed, a. - nisserve', v. serv'ing, a. undeserv'edly, ad. ser'geant, n. serv'ing-maid, n. undeserv'edness, n. **ser'geantry, n. serv'ing-man, n. undeserv'ing, a. * Dissertation, a discourse, or rather a formal discourse, intended to illustrate 9 subject; a written essay, treatise, or disquisition. t Ilnsert, to thrust in, to set in or among. I Series, a continued succession of things in the same order, and bearing the samle relation to each other; sequence, order, course. $ Sermocination, speech-making. II Disserve, to injure, to hurt, to harm. ~ Inservient, conducive. ** Sergeantry, a kind of knight service. tf Service, labour of body, or labour of body and mind, done at the command of a superior, or in pursuance of duty, or for the benefit of another. Voluntary servuice is that of servants, involuntary that of slaves. t+-Servitor, a servant; in Oxford university, a student. ~ Subservient, usefiul as an instrument to promote a purpose; serving to pcro niotc some endl; subordinate, acting as a subordinate instrument. SER 403 SEX undeserv'ingly, ad. unserv'iceable, a. unserv'iceableness,n undeserv'er, n. unserv'iceably, acld. unserv'ed, a. SERV-0, servatum, v. 1. to keep, to save: as, observe', to see, to notice, to keep; preserve', to keep, to save.'conserve', v. observ'er, n. reserv'er, n. con'serve, n. observ'ing, a. reserva'tion, n. conserv'ed, a. observ'ingly, ad. reserv'ative, a. conserv'ing, a. observ'cable, a. reserv'atory, n. conserv'er, n. observ'ably, ad. reserv'ed, a. conserv'able, a. observ'ance, n. reserv'edly, ad. conserv'ancy, n. observ'ant, a. & n. reserv'edness, n. conserv'ant. a. observa'tion, n. reserv'ing, a. conserva'tion, n. observa'tor, n. Oreservoir', n. conserv'ative, a. & n. tobserv'atory, n. self-preserva'tion, n. conserv'ator, n. observand'a, n. pl. serv'ant, n. conserv'atory, n. & a. preserve', v. & n. unobserv'ance, n. desert', n. preserv'ed, a. unobserv'able, a. inobserv'able, a. preserv'er, n, unobserv'ant, a. inobserv'ance, a. preserv'ing, a. unobserv'ed, a. inobserv'ant, a. preserv'able, a. unobserv'ing, a. inobserva'tion, n. preserva'tion, n. jlunreserve', n. misobserve', v. preserv'ative, a. & n. unreserv'ed, a. observe', v. preserv'atory, a. & n. unreserv'edly, ad. observ'ed, a.. reserve', v. & n. unreserv'edness,.n SET-s,, f. a brzstle or big rough hair. seta'ceous, a. se'tiform, a. 1~se'ton, n. se'tous, a. SEVER (Eng. a separo), to part, to disjoin. (See Paro.) SEVER-US, a. sharp, rigorous, strict, grave. severe', a. severe'ly, ad. sever'ity, n. SEx, a. six: as, sen'ary, of six, sex'fid, six-cleft; sex loc'ular, six-celled; sex'tuple, sixfold. sentary, a. **sexagena'rian, n. tsexages'ima, n. senoc'ular, a. fftsex'agenary, a. Osexages'imal, a. * Conserve, to keep in a safe or sound state, to save, to preserve from loss, decay waste, or injury: also, a sweetmeat; a kind of medicine. t Observatory, a place or building for making observations on the heavenly bodies.' t Reserve, to keep in store for future or other use. ~ Reservoir, a place where any thing is kept in store, particularly water. II Unreserve, absence of reserve; frankness; freedom of'communication. ~ Seton, in surgery, a fine horse hair, a thread drawn through the skin for the discharge of humours. ** Sexagenarian, one at the age of 60 years. fit Sexagenary, sixty; as, a noun, a person sixty years of age. -t Sexagesirra, the second Sunday before Lent, so called, as beirng about thbe sixtieth day before Easter. ~~ Sexagesimal, sixtieth; pertaining to sixty. 36 SEX 404 SIG sexang'led, a. *sex'tain, n. six'fold, a. sexang'ular, a. tsex'lary,-n. six'teenth, a sexang'ularly, ad. tsex'tile, n. sixth, a. & n. sexen'nia!., a. sex'tuple, a. six'ty, a. sexen'nially, ad. six, a. six'tieth, a. sex'fid, a. six'teen, a. subsex'tuple, a. sexloc'ular, a. SEx-us, m. 4. (a seco), a sex, the distinction between male and female: as, bisex'ous, of both sexes. bisex'ous, a. sex, n. sex'ual, a. sex'ualist, n. SrBIL-Us, m. 2' a hiss or hissing. sib'ilant, n. & a. sibila'tion, n. Sicc-o, v.-1. to dry, to make dry: as, des'iccate, or ex'sic. cate, to dry; sic'cative, drying, causing to dry.'desic'cant, a. & n. ex'siccate, or exic'cative, a. des'iccate, v. exic'cate, v. I1hortus-sic'cus, n. des'iccated, a. ex'siccated, a. siccif'ic, a. des'iccating, a. ex'siccating, a. sic'cate, v. desiccation, a. exsicca'tion, or sic'cative, a. & n. desic'cative, a. & n. exicca'tion, n. sicca'tion, n. exsic'cant, a. exsic'cative, or sic'city, n. SIMnR-os (fdigog), iron. ~sid'erite, n. siderograph'ic, a. siderog'raphist, n. **siderog'raphy, n. siderograph'ical, a. sid'eroscope, n. SIDus, 6r-is, n. 3. a star: as, sid'eral, of the stars.:tconsie er, v. desire', n. & v. side'real, a. consid'erer, n. ttGeorgium-Si'dus, n. sid'erated, a. desid'erate, v. sid'eral, or Illlsidera'tion, n. desidera'tum, n. SIGN-uM, n. 2. a mark or sign, a seal: as, assign', to allot, * Sextain, a stanza of six lines. t Sextary, a measure of a pint and a half. t Sextile, denoting the aspect or position of two planets, when distant from each other sixty degrees, or two signs. This position is-marked thus (*). O Desiccant, drying; a medicine or application that dries a sore. II1Hortus-siccus, literally, a dry garden; an appellation given to a collection -a' specimens of plants, carefully dried and preserved. ~ Siderite, the loadstone; also, iron-worst, a genus of plants. ** Siderography, the art or practice of engraving on steel, by means of which impressions may be transferred from a steel plate to a steel cylinder in a rolling press of a particular construction. tf Consider. (See page 395.) tf Georgium-Sidus, a planet discovered by Dr. Herschel in 1781, in the reign ot George III.. Siderated, planet-struck, blasted. Ilii Sideration, a blasting or blast in plants; a sudden deprivation of sense, alp apoplexy. SIL 405.-SIL to appoint; consign', to give, to deliver; design', co delineate, to plan, to intend; resign', to give up or back. *assign', v. designa'tion, n. sign, n. assign'able, a. des'ignative, a. sign'ed, a. tas'signat, n. design'less, a. ttsig'nal, n. & a. 4assignee', n. design'lessly, ad. sig'nally, ad. assign'ed, a. design'ment, n. sig'nalize, v. assign'ing, a. I~insig'nia, n. pl. sig'nalized, a. qassign'er, or insignif'icance, n. sig'naliziDg, n. assign'or, n. insignif'icancy, n. sig'natlrre, n. assigna'tion, n. insignif'icant, a. & n. sig'net, n. assign'ment, n. insignif'icantly, ad. sign'er, n. consign', v. insignif'icative, a. sig'nify, v. consign'ed, a. **ob'signate, v. sig'nif'icance, n. consignee', n. obsigna'tion, n. signif'icancy, it. consign'er, or obsig'natory, a. ~sig'nifticant, a. & n consign'or, n. preconsign', v. sig'nif'icantly, ad. consign'ing, a. predesign', v. significa'tion, n.!lconsigna'tion, n. predesign'ed, a. signif'icative, a. consign'ature, n. predesign'ing, a. signif'icatively, ad consignifica'tion, n. presig'nify, v. signif'icator, n. consignif'icative, a. presignifica'tion, n. signif'icatory, a. consign'ment, n resign', v. sign'post, n. design', v. & n. resign'ed, a. subsign', v. design'able, a. resign'er, n. subsigna'tion, n. design'ed, a. resign'ing, a. undesign, 7v. design'edly, ad. resign'ment, n. undesign'ed, a. design'er, n. resigna'tion, n. undesign'edly, ad. design'ing, a. & n. reassign', v. undesignedness, n. des'ignate, v. & a. ftsig'il, n. undesign'ing, a. des'ignated, a. sigilla'tion, n. unsig'nalized, a. des'ignating, a. SIL-EO, v. 2. to hold peace, to be still or quiet. si'lence, n. & v. si'lently, ad. lllsilen'tiary, n. si'lent, a. si'lentness, n. * Assign, to allot; a person to whom propetty or an interest, is or may be transferred. t Assignat, a public note or bill in France; paper currency. As signee, a person to whom an assignment is made. t5 As.signer, Assignor, one who assigns or appoints. 11 Consignation, joint signing or stamping. ~ Insignia, marks, signs, or visible impressions, by which any thing is knoxn Dr distinguished; badges or distinguishing marks of office or honour. ** Obsignate, to seal up, to ratify. tt Sigil, a seal; signature. $ Signal, the sign that gives, or is intended to give notice; or the notice given; also, eminenit, remarkable. t. Sign!ficant, bearing a meaning; important, momentous. IliI Silentiary, one who keeps silence and order in court one sworn ot1 to divulge secrets of state. SIL 406 SIM StLEX, C -is, m. or f. 3. a Jfint-stone. ksi'lex, n. silicif'erous, a. silici'ous, a. silicica'rious, a. tsil'icify, v. silic'ited, a. SILoQU-, f. 1. the seed-vessel, husk, pod, or shell of t4e bean, pea, 4c.: as, sil'iquous, having pods. multisil'iquous, a. silic'ulous, a. siliquose', or Isii'icle, or {sil'iqua, or sil'iquous, a. sil'icule, n. sil'ique, n. SILV-3, f. 1. a wood or forest: as, sil'van, of a wood. Ilsav'age, a. n. & v. sav'agery, n. sil'van, or sav'agely, ad. sav'agism, n. syl'van, a. sav'ageness, n. ~Sylva'nus, n. SIMIL-IS, a. like: as, assim'ilate, to make like to; dissim'ila r not like or similar; sim'ilar, like, resembling. assim'ilable, a. dissem'blingly, ad. similar'ity, n. assim'ilate, v. dissim'ilar, a. simil'itude, n. assim'ilated, a. dissimilar'ity, n. similitu'dinary, a. assim'ilateness, n. dissimil'itude, n. O{sim'ulate, v. & a. assim'ilating, a. dissimula'tion, n. sim'ulated, a. assimila'tion, n. ttfac-sim'ile, n. sim'ulating, a. assim'ilative, a. reassim'ilate, v. simula'tion, n. consim'ilar, a. reassim'ilated, a. unassim'ilated, a. consimil'itude, n. reassim'ilating, a. undissem'bled, a. **dissem'ble, v. reassimila'tion, n. undissem'bling, a. dissem'bled, a. ttsim'ile, n. Illlverisim'ilar, a. dissem'bler, n. sim'ilar, a. verisimil'itude, n. dissem!bling, n. & a. sim'ilarly, ad. verisimil'ity, n. SIMONI-A, f. 1. the crime of buying or selling church pre. ferments: as, simo'nious, given to simony. * Silex, one of the supposed primitive earths usually found in the state of stone. t Silicify, to convert into, or become silex. t Silicle, Silicule, a little pod. ~ Siliqua, Silique, a pod. Ii Savage, pertaining to the forest; wild; uncivilized; cruel; also, a human belng in his native state of rudeness. bf iylvanus, in mythology, a god of the woods. ~* Dissemble, to hide under a false appearance; to conceal, to disguise, to pretend that not to be which really is. tt Fac-simile, an exact copy or likeness, as of hand-writing. t Simile, in rhetoric, similitude or,likeness; a comparison of two things, wtich, nowever different in other respects, have some strong point or points of resemblance; by which comparison the character or qualities of a thing are illustrated, or presented in an impressive light. Thus, the eloquence.f Demostlrenes was like a rapid torrent; that of Cicero, like a large stream that glides smoothly along with majestic tranquillity. (,~ Simiulate, to feign, to counterfeit. IIIl Verislmilar, having the appearance of truth, probable, likely SIM 407 SIS *sim'ony, n. simoni'acal, a. simno'nious, a. simo'niac, n. simoni'acally, ad. SIMUI,, adv. together, at the same time tsimulta'neous, a. simulta'neously, ad. simulta'neousness, n. SINGUL-US, a. one, one by one; not double. sin'gle, a. & v. sin'gleness, n. sin'gularist, n. sin'gled, a. sin'gular, a. & n. sin'gularize, v. sin'gleness, n;. sin'gularly, ad. singular'ity, n. sin'gly, ad. SINISTER, a. left, on the left hand, unlucky, bad. sin'ister, a. sin'ister-handed, a. sin'istrously, ad. sin'isterly, ad. sin'istrous, a. tsinistrpr'sal, a. SINUS, m. 4. the bosom, a bay or gulph of the sea, a wind ing or turning: as, sin'uous, bending in and out. insin'uant, a. insinua'tion, n. sin'uate, v. & a. insin'uate, v. insinuative, a. sinua'tion, n. insin'uated, a. insin'uator, n. sin'uous, a. insinuating, a. Ilsi'nus, n. sinuos'ity, n. SIP-O,yV. 1. (obs.) to throw or cast. dis'sipable, a. dis'sipated, a. dissipa'tion, n. ~1dis'sipate, v. dis'sipating, a. undis'sipated, a. SIREN,f. 3. (a Heb. riw, to sing), a siren —*si'ren, n. & a. SIST-O, v. 3. to set, to stop, to stand: as, assist', to stand-up * Simony, (a Simon Magus, who wished to purchase the power of conferring the Holy Spirit, Acts viii.) The crime of buying or selling ecclesiastical preferment; or the corrupt presentation of any one to an ecclesiastical benefice fbr money or reward. By Stat. 31. Elizabeth, c. vi. severe penalties are enacted against this crime..t Simultaneous, existing or happening at the same time. t Sinistrorsal (a' paso, orso, to rise), rising from left to right; as, a spiral line or relix. I Insinuate, literally, to make gently or imperceptibly into the bosom; to wind in; to push or work one's self into favour; to introduce by slow, gentle, or artful means. 11 Sinus, a bay of the sea; an anatomical term for an opening; an opening, a hollow.'T Dissipate, to drive asunder, to disperse, to scatter. Scatter, dssperse, and dissipate, are in many cases synonymous; but dissipate is used appropriately to denote the dispersion of things that vanish, or are not afterwards collected; as. to dissipate fog, vapour, or clouds, care and anxiety. We say, an army is scat. tered or dispersed, but not dissipated. To expend, to squander. ** Siren, in ancient mythology, a goddess who enticed men into her power by the charms of music, and devoured tlfem; hence, in modern use, an entic. ing woman; a female rendered dangerous by her enticements;' a mermaid; at species of lizards in Carolina. SIT 408 SIT to, to help; consist', to stand togetner; desist', to slop, to forbear; exist', to stand out, to be, to live, to remain. absist', v. inconsistence, n. pre-exist'ence, n. assist', v. inconsist'ency, n. pre-exist'ent, a. assist'ance, n. inconsistent, a. pre-exist'ing, a. assist'ant, n. & a. inconsistently, ad. ~resist', v. assist'ed, a. inconsist'ing, a. resist'ed, a. assist'er, n. inexist'ence, n. resist'er, n. assist'ing, a. inexist'ent, a. resisting, a. assist'less, a. tinsist', v. resist'ance, n. *co-exist', v. insist'ent, a. resist'ant, a. co-existence, n. insist'ure, n. resist'ible, a. co-existtent, a. insist'ing, a. resistibil'ity, n. consist', v. I irresist'ance, n. resist'ive, a. consist'ence, n. irresistible, a. resist'less, a. consist'ency, n. irresistibly, ad. resist'lessly, ad. consist'ent, a. irresistibleness,.r self-exist'ence, n. consist'ently, ad. irresistibil'ity, n. self-exist'ent, a. tconsist'ory, a. & n. nonexist'ence, n. **subsist', v. consisto'rial, a. nonresistance, n. subsist'ence, n. consisto'rian, a. nonresist'ant, a. subsist'ent, a. desist', v. Ipersist', v. unassist'ed, a. desist'ance, n. persist'ance, an. unassist'ing, a. desist'ing, a. persist'ency, n. unexist'ent, a. exist', v. Ilpersist'ent, or unresist'ed, a. exist'ence, n. persist'ing, a. & n. unresist'ing, a. exist'ent, a. persist'ive, a. unresist'ingly, ad. existen'tial, a. pre-exist', v. unresist'ible, a. existing, a. SIT-OS (;0-og), corn, wheat; bread, food. tipar'asite, n. parasit'ic, a. parasit'ically, ad. par'asitism, n. parasit'ical, a. * Co-exist, to exist at the same time with another,-regularly followed by with. t Consistory, an ecclesiastical court of an archbishop or bishop. t Insist, literally, to stand or rest on; to dwell on in discourse. Q Persist, literally, to stand thoroughly for; to continue steadily and firmly in the pursuit of any business or course commenced; to persevere. Persist is nearly-synonymous with persevere; but persist frequently implies more obstinacy than persevere, particularly in that which is evil or injurious to others. 11 Persistent, or Persisting, in botany, continuing without withering,-opposed to marcescent.' Resist, literally, to stand back or against, withstand; hence, to act in oppo. 4ition, or to oppose. ** Subsist, literally, to stand under; to be, to have existence,-applicable to matter or spirit; to continue; to live, to be maintained with food and clothing; to nhere. To feed, to maintain, to support with provisions. tt Parasite, in ancient Greece, a priest or minister of the gods, whose office was to gather of the husbandman the corn allotted for public sacrifices. In modern usage, a trencher friend, one that frequents the tables of the rich and SIT 4d9 sol SITUS, m. 2. the standing of any place, local position. site, n. *sit'uate, or sit'uated, a. situa'tion, n. SOCIAT-US, p. p. (a socio, to join, to unite), joined. (See Socio.) SooP-Tr, mn. 2. Socinus, a native of Sienna, a heretic. tSocin'ian, n. & a. Socin'ianism, n. SocT-o, v. 1. (a socius, m. 2. a companion or sharer), to join, to unite: as, conso'ciate, to join, to unite; disso'ciate, to disunite, to separate. tasso'ciate, v. a. & n. consocia'tional, a. sociability, n. asso'ciated, a. disso'ciable, a. lIso'cial, a. asso'ciateship, n. disso'cial, a. so'cially, ad. asso'ciating, a. disso'ciate, v. so'cialness, n. associa'tion, n. disso'ciated, a. social'ity, n. associa'tional, a. disso'ciating, a. so'ciate, v. asso'ciative, a. dissocia'tion, n. ~soci'ety, n. asso'ciable, a. inso'ciable, a. unasso'ciated, a. associabil'ity, n. - so'ciable, a. & n. unso'ciable, a. conso'ciate, n. & v. so'ciably, ad. unso'ciably, ad. consocia'tion, n. so'ciableness, n. unso'cial, a. SOCRAT-ES, m. 3. (2wxzarg), an ancient Greek philosopher., Soc'rates, n. socrat'ical, a. soc'ratism, n. **socrat'ic, a. socrat'ically, ad. soc'ratist, n. SOL, sol-is, m. 3. the Sun: as, solar, of the sun. ttfin'solate, v. in'solated, a. in'solating, a. earns his welcome by flattery; a hanger on, a fawning flatterer; in botany a plant growing on the stem or branch of another. * Situate, Situated, placed, with respect to any other object; as, a town or city situate or situated on a hill, a declivity, or on the sea shore. t Socinian, pertaining to Socinus, or his religious creed. Socinus was a native of Sienna in Tuscany, the founder of the sect of Socinians in the 16th century, who held Christ to have been a mere man inspired, denied his divinity and atonement, and the doctrine of original depravity. t Associate, to join in company, as a friend, companion, partner, or confede. rate; to unite in the same mass; also, joined in interest or purpose, in employ. nlent or office; also, a companion, a mate, a fellow, a partner. O Sociable, that may be conjoined; ready and inclined to join in company; free in conversation; also, a vehicle, a kind of less exalted phteton, with two seats facing each other, and a box for the driver. {i Social, pertaining to society. 1~ Society, the union of a number of rational beings; or a number of persons united, either for a temporary or permanent purpose; company; fellowship; partnership. ** Socratic, pertaining to Socrates, the Grecian sage, or to his language or manner of teaching and philosophizing. The Socratic method of r' asoning and instruction was by interrogatories. tt Insolate, to dry in the sun's rays; to expose to the heat of the sun, to rnpep or prepare by exposure to the sun. SOL 410 SOL insola'tion, n. so'lar, a. fsol'stice, n. "sola'no, n. so'lary, a. solstiti'al, a. S.)LEC-OS (0X0oxo0g, a: oXoi, an Athenian colony in Cil'cia), one who speaks incorrectly. lsol'ecism, n. solecist'ical, a. sol'ecize, v. sol'ecist, n. solecist'ically, ad. SOLEMN-IS, a. solemn, religiously grave, serious. sol'emn, a. solem'nity, n. sol'emnizer, n. sol'emnly, ad. sol'emnize; v. sol'emnizing, a. sol'emnness, n. sol'emnized, a. solemniza'tion, n..SOL-EO, v. 2. to use, to be accustomed or wont. in'solence, n. {insolent, a. in'solently, ad. in'solency, n. SOLICIT-US, a. anxious, uneasy, careful. it, v. solic'it, v. solic'itous, a. solic'ilress, n. solic'ited, a. solic'itously, ad. ttsolic'itude, n. solicita'tion, n. ~solic'itor, n. unsolic'ited, a. solic'iting, n. & a. **solic'ilor-general, n. unsolic'itous, a. SOLID-us, a. firm, hard, compact: as, consolidate, to make solid or firm. * Solano, a hot south-east wind in Spain, which produces inflammatory effects fn men. t Solstice, literally, the standing of the sun; in astronomy, the point in the ecliptic at which the sun stops, or ceases to recede from the equator, either north in summer or south in winter; a tropic or tropical point. There are two sol. Ntices; the summer solstice, the first degree of Cancer, which the sun enters on the 22st of June; and the winter solstice, the first degree of Caoricorn, which the sun enters on the 21st of December. t Solecism, literally, the dialect or language of the Soli, a people of Attica, who being transplanted to Cilicia, lost or degenerated so much from the purity of their language, that they became proverbial for speaking incorrectly; hence, impropriety in language, or a gross deviation from the rules of syntax; incongruity of words; want of' correspondence or consistency; any unfitness, absurdity, or impropriety. A barbarism may be in one word, a solecism must be of more.-Johnson, from Cicero. ~Insolent, literally, unaccustomed; proud and haughty, with contempt of others; overbearing; domineering in power. I Solicit, to ask with some degree of earnestness; to make petition to; to apply to fbr obtaining something; also, to seek by petition; to invite. This word Implies earnestness in seeking', but less earnestness than beg, implore, entreat, and impoartune, and more than ask or reqtuest. i~ Solicitor, one that asks for another; an attorney, advocate, or counsellor at law who has authority to practise in the English Court of Chancery. ** Solicitor-General, a lawyer who is employed as counsel fbr the king or aueen.'t Solicitude, uneasiness of mind, occasioned by the fear of evil, or the desire -f good; anxiety, concern; carefulness. SOIJ 411 SOL *con'sol, n. sol'derer, n. solid'ify, v consol'idant, a. & n. tsol'dier, n. solid'ified, a. consol'idate, v. & a. sol'dier-like, or solidifica'tion. t. consol'idated, a. sol'dierly, a. solid'ifying, a. consol'idating, a. sol'diery, n. solid'ity, n. consolida'tion, na. sol'id, a. & n dsolidun'gulous, a. insolid'ity, n. sol'idly, ad. Ilsursol'id, n. & a. tsol'der, or sol'idness, n. unconsol'idated, a. sod'er, v. & n. sol'idate, v. unsol'id, n. & a. SOL-OR, v. dep. 1. to comfort, to cheer: as, console', to corn fort, to cheer; sol'ace, comfort in grief. console', v. consoliatory, a. & n. recon'solate, v. conso'led, a. Tdiscon'solate, a. sol'ace, v. & n. conso'lable, a. discon'solately, ad. sol'aced, a. conso'ler, n. discon'solateness, n. sol'acing, a. consola'tion, n. disconsola'tion, n. sola'cious, a. conso'ling, n. & a. inconso'lable, a. unconso'led, a. con'solator, n. inconso'lably, ad. unconso'ling, a. SoL-v.h, n. 2. the ground, the basis or bottom of the foot — sole, n. & v. SoL-us, a. alone, single, forlorn, desert: as, sol'itary, living alone; sol'itude, loneliness, a desert. **des'olate, a. & v. sole'ly, ad. sol'itary, a. & n. des'olated, a. sole'ness, n. sol'itarily, ad. des'eately, ad. ttSolifid'ian, n. & a. sol'itariness, n. des'olating, a. solifid'ianism, n. solita'rian, n. desola'tion, n. soliloquy, n. sol'itude, n. des'olator,-n. solil'oquize, v.. Illsoliv'agant, a. des'olatory, a. ttsol'iped, n. ~~so'lo, n. sole, a. {{solitair', n. * Consols, in England, are the funds or stocks formed by the consolidation of different annuities.-Crabbe. t Solder, Soder, to unite and make solid, as metallic substances; also, a metallic cement. I Soldier, a man engaged in military service; a brave warrior; —so called from solidus, as a noun, a piece of money, the pay of a soldier. O Solidungulous, having hoofs that are whole or not cloven. II Szursolid, in mathematics, the fifth power of a number. Thus 3 X( 3-9, the square of 3, and 9 X 3-27, the third power or cube, and 2 ( X 3=81, the: fourth power, and 81 X 3=243, which is the sursolid, or fifth power of 3. 9 Disconsolate, destitute of comfort or consolation; sorrowful; hopeless or not expecting comfort; sad, dejected, melancholy; not affording comfort; cheerless. ** Desolate, destitute or deprived of inhabitants; laid waste; solitary, desert ed of God, deprived of comfort. it Solifidian, one who maintains that faith alone, without works, is necessaiv to justification. tI Soliped, an animal whose foot is not cloven i\ Solitair, Solitarian, Solitary, one who lives alone, or in solitude, a hermit. [III Solivagant, wandering alone. ~~ Solo, a tune, air, or strain to be played by a single instrument, or sung by a single voice. SOL 412 SOM SOLV-o, solutum, v. 3. to loose, to melt, to free, to pay: as, ab'solutary, absolving; dis'soluble, that may be dissolved or melted; solve, to loosen, to explain, to remove. absolve', v. insolubil'ity, n. ~res'olute, a. & n. absolv'ed, a. insolv'able, a. res'olutely, ad. absolv'er, n. insolv'ency, n. res'oluteness, n. absolv'ing, a. Iinsolv'ent, a. & n. resolu'tion, n. absolv'atory, n. irres'oluble, a. resolu'tioner, n. ab'solute, a. irres'olubleness, n. res'olutive, a. ab'solutely, ad. irres'olute, a. sol'uble, a. ab'soluteness, n. irres'olutely, ad. solubil'ity, n. absolu'tion, n. irres'oluteness, n. solute', a. ab'solutory, a. irresolu'tion, n. solve, v. assoil', v. {nonsolv'ent, n. solv'ed, a. dis'soluble, a. nonsolo'ency, n. solv'ency, n. dissolubil'ity, n. nonsolu'tion, n. **solvend', n. dissolve', v. pre-resolve', v. & n. ttsolv'ent, a. & n. dissolved, a. pre-resolv'ed, a. solv'ible, or dissolv'er, n. pre-resolv'ing, a. solv'able, a. dissolv'ing, a. redissolve', v. solvabil'ity, n. dissolv'ent, a. & n. redissolv'ed, a. solu'tion, n. dissolv'able, a. redissolv'ing, a. sol'utive, a. Tdis'sollute, a. llresolve', v. & n. unabsolv'ed, a. dissolutely, ad. resolv'ed, a. undissolv' able, a. dis'soluteness, n. resolv'edly, ad. undissolv'ed, a. dissolu'tion, n. resolv'edness, n. undissolv'ing, a. indissolv'able, a. resolv'er, n. unresolv'able, a. indis'soluble, a. resolv'ing, a. & n. unresolv'ed, a. indis'solubly, ad. resolv'ent, n. unresolv'ing, a. indis'solubleness, n. resolv'able, a. unsolv'ed, a. indissolubil'ity, n. res'oluble, a. unsolv'able, a. insol'uble, a. SOMA, at-os (cdwha, aroc), a body. * Assoil, to solve, to release, to absolve. t Dissolute, loose in behaviour and morals; given to vice and dissipation; wanton,. lewd, vicious. ~ Insolvent, not having money, goods, or estate sufficient to pay all debts; also, a debtor unable to pay his debts. ~ Nonsolvent, not able to pay debts. 1I Resolve, to loose again, to melt; to separate the. component parts of a compound substance, or of a complex idea; to unravel or explain; to fix in opinion ar purpose, to determine in min ~ Resolute, having a fixed purpose, determined; hence, bold, firm, steady; constant in pursuing a-purpose. S* Solvend, a substance to be dissolved. tt Solvent, having the power of dissolving; able to pay all just debts; also a fluid that dissolves mrn substance. SOM 413 SOP asom'atouls, a. somat'ic, a. *so'matist, somatol'ogy, n. somatlical, a. SOMN-Us, m. 2. sleep::as, somnif'erous or somnif'ic, calsing or inducing sleep. insom'nious, a. somnarnbula'tion, n. som'nolence, n. tsominam'bulist,- n. sonlnif'erolls, a. som'nolency, n. somnam'bulism, n. somnif'ic, a. tsom'nolent, a. SoN-us, m. 2. a sound: as, con'sonant, con'sonous, agreeing in sound; res'onant, sounding back or again. ab'sonant, a. ttdis'sonant, a. sonorif'erous, a. lab'sonous, a. fQhorris'onous, n. sonorif'ic, a. ~laltis'onant. or incon'sonancy, n. ***sonom'eter, n. altis'onous, a. res'onance, n. titSono'rous, a. V*as'sonance, n. res'onant, a. sono'rously, ad. as'sonant, a. resound', v. sono'rousness,,. con sonance, n. resound'ed, a. sound, n. & v. ftcon'sonant, a. & n. resound'ing, a. sound'ed, a. con'sonantly, ad.!Illson'ata, n. sound'ing, a. con'sonantness, n. ~[~son'net, n. & v. sound'less, a. con'sonous, a. sonneteer', n. uncon'sonant, a. dissonance, n. sonif'erous, a. SOPH-IS (0dop0a, a ~opog, wise), wisdom, knowledge, learning as, theos'ophy, divine wisdom. * Somatist, one who admits the existence of corporeal or material being, only one who denies the existence of spiritual substances. t Somnambulist, one who walks in his sleep. t Somnolent, sleepy, drowsy, inclined to sleep. ~ Absonant, literally, sounding from; wide from the purpose, contrary to reason 11 Absonous, unmusical, or untunable..l Altisonant, or Altisonous, high sounding, lofty or pompous,-as language. ** Assonance, resemblance of sound. In rhetoric and poetry, a resemblance. in sound or termination, without making rhyme. tt Consonant, agreeing, according, consistent,-followed generally by to, sometimes by with; also, a letter, so named, because it is considered as being sounded only in connection with a vowel. But some consonants have no sound even when united with a vowel, and others have a very imperfect sound. The consonants are better called articulations, as they are the names given to the several closings or junctions of the organs of speech, which precede and follow the openings of the organs, with which the vowels are uttered. The consonants begin or end syllables, and their use is to determine the manner of beginning or ending the vocal sounds. 1f1 Dissonant, not agreeing in sound, discordant, harsh, jarrirg, unharmonious unpleasant to the ear; disagreeing,-usually with from. H. fHorrisonous, sounding dreadfully; uttering a terrible sound. I111 Sonata, a tune intended for an instrument only, as cantata is for the voice. V~r Sonnet, a short poem *** Sonometer, an instrument for measuring sounds, or the intervals of sounds ttt Sonorous, giving sound when struck; loud sounding; yie.ding souid high sounding. SOP 414 SOR *anthropos'ophy, n. ~philos'ophism, n. sophistica'tion, n. archphilos'opher, n. philos'ophist, n. sophist'icator, n. tchirosoph'ist, n. philosophis'tic, a. [lllsoph'istry, n. tGymnos'ophist, n. philosophis'tical, a. theos'ophy, n. gymnos'ophy, n. **philoslophize, v. theosoph'ic, a. Opan'sophy, n.' philosophizing, a. theosoph'ical, a. pansoph'ical, a. ttsoph'ical, a. T~~theos'ophism, n. JIphilos'ophate, v. ttsoph'ism, n. theos'ophist, n. philosopha'tion, n. soph'ist, n. unphilosoph'ic, a. philos'ophy, n. soph'ister, n. unphilosoph'ical, a. philos'opher, n. sophist'ic, a. unphilosoph'ically, ad philosoph'ic, a. sophist'ical, a. unphilos'ophize, v. philosoph'ical, a. sophist'ically, ad. unsophisticated, a. philosoph'ically, ad. lQsophist'icate, v. & a. unphilos'ophized, a. SOPOR, 6r-is, m. 3. sleep, a deep sleep: as, conso'piate, con'sopite, so'pite, or sop'orate, to lull or lay asleep. conso'piate, v. sopiti'on, n.' soporif'erousness, n. consopia;tion, n. sop'orate, v. soporif'ic, a. & n. con'sopite, v. & a. ***soporif'erous, a. so'porous, a. so'pite, v. SoRB-Eo, sorptum, v. 2. to suck in, to drink up: as, absorb' to drink in, to engross wholly; resorb', to swallow up. absorb', v. absorb'ed, a. absorp'tive, a. absorba'tion, n. absorb'ent, n. & a. resorb', v. absorb'able, a. absorb'ing, a. resorb'ent, a. absorbabil'ity, n. absorp'tion, n. sorb'ent, a. Anthroposophy, knowledge of the nature of man; acquaintance with mnan's structure and functions, comprehending anatomy and physiology. t Chirosophist, a chirologist, one who communicates thoughts by signs made with the hands and fingers. t Gymnosophist, a philosopher of India, so called from his going with bare feet, or with little clothing. The Gymnosophists in India lived on wild productions of the earth. They never drank wine, nor married. Some of them travelled about, and practised physic. They. believed the immortality and transmigration of the soul. They placed the chief happiness of man in a con tempt of the goods of fortune, and of the pleasures of sense.. I'ansophy, universal wisdom or knowledge. II Philosophate, to play the philosopher, to moralize. It Philosophism, the love of fallacious arguments, or false reasoning'; the practice of sophistry. ** Philosophize, to reason like a philosopher. t+ Sophical, teaching wisdom. t$ Sophism, a specious but fallacious argument; a subtilty in reasoning; an zrgt'ment that is not supported by sound reasoning, or in which the inference is not justly deduced from the premises. by Sophisticate, to adulterate, to corrupt by something spurious or foreign; to pervert, to render spurious.'111 Sophistry, fallacious reasoning; reasoning sound in appearance only. ~~ Theosophism, pretension to divine illumination; enthusiasm. ** Soporiferous, soporific, or soporous, causing sleep. SOR 415 SPA *sorb'ic, a. sorbiti'on, n. unabsorb'ed, a. sorb'ile, a. unabsorb'able, a. SORDID-US, a. filthy, mean, covetous, meanly avaricious. sor'did, a. sor'didly, ad. sor'didness, n. SOROR, or-is, f. 3. a sister-soror'icide, n. SORS, sort-is, f. 3. (sortir, v. to go or come out, Fr.) lot, sort, kind: as, assort, to distribute into sorts, kinds, or classes, assort', v. consort'ed, a. sort'able, a. assort'ed, a. consort'ing, a. sort'ably, ad. assortting, a. consor'tion, n. lsortie', n. assort'ment, n. tresort', v. & n. 11sort'ilege, n. tcon'sort, n. resort'er, a. sortile'gious a. con'sortship, n. resort'ing, a. ~[sortiti'on, n. consort', v. sort, n. & v. sort'ment, n. consort'able, a. sort'ed, a. unsort'ed, a. SPARG-o, sparsum, v. 3. to scatter: as, asperse', to bespatter with calumnies; disperse', to scatter. asperse', v. dispers'er, n. interspers'ing, a. aspers'er, n. dispers'ing, a. intersper'sion, n. asper'sion, n. disper'sion, n. resperse', v. disperge', v. dispers'ive, a. ttresper'sion, n. disperse', v. indispers'ed, a. 1:sparse, a. dispers'ed, a. insper'sion, n. spars'ed, a. dispers'edly, ad. **intersperse'. v. spars'edly, ad. dispers'edness, n. interspers'ed, a. undispers'ed, a. SPASM-A (OVaMirr a, a raew, to draw), a drawing, a convulsion: as, spasmod'ic, consisting in spasm., lantispasis, n. antispasmod'ic, a. neu'rospast, n. antispas'tic, a. Il11epispas'tic, a. & n. pol'yspast, n. * Sorhic, belonging to the sorbTs or service tree. f Consort, a companion, a partner; particularly a pa.tner of the bed, a wife or husband; an association; union; a number of instruments played together, a concert. But in this sense concert is now used. To associate, to unite in, or keep company. I Resort, to have recourse, to apply, to betake; to go, to repair. $ Sortie, the issuing of a body of troops from a besieged place to attack the besiegers; a sally. 11 Sortilege, the act or practice of drawing lots. ~ Sortition, selection or appointment by lot. * Intersperse, to scatter or set here and there among other things. it Respersion, the act of sprinkling. $:I Sparse, thinly scattered; set or planted here and there..~ Antispasis, a revulsion of fluids or humors from one part of the body to another. I111 Epispastsc, in medicine, drawing; attracting the humours to the skin exciting action in the skin; blistering. 37 SPA 410 SPE spasm, n. spasmod'ic, a. ttris'past, n. SPATI-Um, n. 2. space: as, expa'tiate, to move at large, to enlarge in discourse or writing. expa'tiate, v. spa'tiate, v. spa'ciously, ad. expa'tiating, a. space, n. & v. spa'ciousness, n. expa'tiator, n. Tspa'cious, a. SPECI-Es,f. 5. (. specio), sight, a form, a sort. (See Specio.) SPrEc-o, v. 3. to see, to look: as, aspect, to look to, look, view; despise', to look down with contempt; expect', to look for; inspect', to look on or into; respect', to lookh back with deference, to regard. as'pect, n. **conspic'uous, a. despite'fulness, n. aspect'able, a. conspic'uously, ad. disrespect', n. aspec'tion, n. conspic'uousness, n. disrespect'ful, a. {au'spice, n. ftdes'picable, a. disrespect'fully, ad. Ilau'spicate, v. des'picably, ad. ttespeci'al, a. auspici'al, a. des'picableness, n. especi'ally, ad. auspici'ous, a. despi'sable, a.. espy', v. & n. auspici'ously, ad. despise', v. expect', v. auspici'ousness, n. despi'sed, a. expect'ed, a. ~cir'cumspect, a. despi'sedness,~ n. expect'er, n. cirlcumspectly, ad. despi'ser, n. expect'ing, a. cir'cumspectness, n. despi'sing, n. & a. expect'able, a. circumspec'tion, n. despi'sing]y, ad. expect'ance, n. circumspect'ive, a. despite', n. & v. expect'ancy, n. circumspect'ively, ad. despite'ful, a. expect'ant, a. & n. conspicu'ity, n. despite'fully, ad. ~expecta'tion, n. * Spasm, an. involuntary contraction or irregular motion of the muscles os muscular fibres in animal bodies. t Trispast, or Trispaston, a machine with three pulleys for raising great weights. $ Spacious, wide, roomy, vast in extent. I Auspice, Auspices, literally, inspection of birds, the omens of an under taking, drawn from birds,-the same as augury. Protection, favour sthown, pat.ronage, influence.-In this sense the word is generally plural, auspices. [I Auspicate, to give a favourable turn to,-a sense taken from the Roman practice of taking the auspicium, or inspection of birds, before they undertook any important business; to foreshow; to begin.'F Circumspect, looking round, looking on all sides; hence, cautious, prudent, watchful on all sides; examining carefully all the circumstances that may affect a determination, or a measure to be adopted. ** Conspicuous, open to the view, obvious to the eye, easy to be seen, mani, rest," obvious to the mental eye, clearly or extensively known, perceived or imderstood; hence, eminent, famous, distinguished. if Despicable, that may be or deserves to be despised; contemptible, mean, vile worthless. $t Especial, Special, belonging to a species or sort, not general, particular $. Expectation differs from hope. Hope originates in desire, and may exist with little or no ground of belief that the desired event will arrive. Expecta. toms is founded on some reasons which render the event probable. Hope is directed to some good; expeclation is directed to good or evil. SPE -417 SPE imperspicu'ity, n. perspica'cious, a. respect'fulness, n imperspic'uous, a. &per'spicil, n. respect'ing, a. inconspic'uous, a. l perspicu'ity, n. respect'ive, a. inexpect'ed, a. perspic'uous, a. respect'ively, ad. inexpect'edly, ad. perspic'uously, ad. respect'less, a. inexpecta'tion, n. perspic'uousncss, n. respect'lessness, n. inspect', v. pros'pect, n. tfret'rospect, n. inspect'ed, a. prospec'tion, n. retrospec'tion, n. inspecting, a. prospect'ive, a. retrospective, a. inspec'tion, n. prospect'ively, ad. retrospect'ively, ad. inspect'ive, a. lprospect'us, n. semiperspic'uous, a inspect'or, t. prospici'ence, n. speci'al, a. & n. inspect'orate, or reinspect', v. speci'ally, ad. inspect'orateship, n. reinspec'tion, n. special'ity, n. *introspect', v. respect', v. & n. ttspeci'alty, n. introspec'tion, n. **respect'able, a. speci'alize, v. irrespect'ive, a. respect'cbly, ad. ~spec'ie, n. irrespect'ively, ad. respect'ableness, n. Illlspe'cies, n. t-perspect'ive, n. & a. respectabil'ity, n. ~~specif'ic, n. & a. perspect'ively, ad. respect'ed, a. specif'icness, n. per'spicable, d. respect'er, n..specif'ical, a. tperspicac'ity, or respect'ful, a. specif ically, ad. per'spicacy, n. respectfully, ad. specif'icate, v. * Introspect, to look into or within; to view the inside. t Perspective, a glass through which objects' are viewed; the art of drawiilg a a plane surface true resemblances or pictures of objects, as the objects appear io the eye from any distance and situation, real or imaginary. I Perspicacity, Perspicacy, acuteness of sight or discernmaent. 9 Perspicil, an optic glass. It Perspicuity, clearness; clearness to mental vision; that quality of writing or language which readily presents to the mind of another the precise ideas of the author. Perspicuity is the first excellence of writing or speaking. ~ Prospectus, the plan of a literary work, containing the general subject or design; with the manner and terms of publication, and sometimes a specimen of' it. **R espectable, worthy of respect or esteem; Respectful, characterized by respect; Respective, particular, relating to a particular person or thing, relative. Respectable, in popular language, is much used to express what is moderate in degree of excellence, or in number, but not despicable. tt Retrospect, a looking back on things past. tt Specialty, a being particular; a special contract; an obligation or bond. t Specie, coin; copper; silver or gold coined and used as a circulating medium of commerce. 111 Species,. an appearance, that which is presented to the eye. In zoology, a collection of organized beings derived from one common parentage by natural generation, characterized by one peculiar form, liable to vary fioin the influence of circumstances only within certain narrow limits. In botany, all the plants which spring from the same seed, or which resemble each other in certain characters or invariable forms. A sort or kind, a sub-division of a genus. ~~ Specfilc, specifical, characterizing the species; that which makes a thing of the species of which it is. SPE 418 SPE specifica'tion, n. ttspec'ulate, v. suspici'ous, a. *spec'ify, v. specula'tion, n. suspici'ously, ad. spec'ified, a. spec'ulatist, n. suspici'ousness, n., spec'ifylng, a. spec'ulative, a. transpic'uops, a. fspec'inmen, n. spec'ulatively, ad. unaspect'ive, a. tspe'cious, a. spec'ulativeness, n. uncir'cumspect, a. spe'ciously, ad. spec'ulator, n. unexpect'ed, a. spe'ciousness, n. spec'ulatory,.a. unexpect'edly, ad. Ispect'acle, a. spy, n. & v. unexpect'edness, n. spect'acled, a. superinspect', v. unexpecta'tion, n. spectac'ular5 a. ~suspect', v. & a. unrespect'ed, a. ijspecta'tor, n. suspect'able, a. unrespect'ive, a. spectato'rial, a. suspect'er, n. unspec'ified, a. specta'torship, n. suspect'ed, a. unspe'cious, a. specta'tress, or suspect'edly, ad. unspec'ulative, a. specta'trix, n. suspect'edness, n. unsuspected, a. fspec'tre, n. suspect'inrg, a. unsuspect'edly, ad. d'*spec'trum, n. suspect'ive, a. unsuspect'ing, a. spec'ulum, n. sutspect'less, a. unsuspici'ous, a. tfspec'ular, a. suspici'on, n. unsuspici'ously, ad. SPERM —, at-os (qrSgfea, ot-rg, a aEtrlgw, to sow), seed: as, spermat'ic, pertaining to the semen or seed. tac'rospire, n. disperm'ous, a. polysperm'ous, a. ac'rospired, a. ***epiphyllosperm'ous, a.monosperm'ous, a. I! ]angiomonosperm'ous,tftgym'nosperm, n. octosperm'ous, a. f~~an'giosperm, n. gymnosperm'ous,a. a.dsperm, n. angiosperm'ous, a. jttpol'ysperm, n. spermat'ic, a. * Specify, to show by particular marks,-to mention or name, as a particular thing. t Specimen, what is shown as a sample, a sample. "Specious, showy, pleasing to the sight or view; apparently right; super ficially right, but substantially wrong; plausible.' Spectacle, the thing looked at; a show; a sight. Spectacles, in the plural, glasses to assist the sight.. 11 Spectator, one who looks on.' Spectre, the appearance of a person who is dead; an apparition, a ghost. ** Spectrum, a visible fbrm; an image of something seen, continuing after the eyes are closed, covered or turned away. This is called an ocular spectruim. tt Specular, having the qualities of a speculum or looking-glass, or a glass thatreflects the images of objects. Ut Speculate, literally, to view afar off, as from a watch-tower; to view with meditation; to buy goods, land, stock, or other things, with the expectation -f ayrise of price, and of' profiting fiom such advance; to theorize, to scheme. X Suspect, to look up or regard with jealousy or fear, to imagine to be guilty, but upon slight evidence, or without proof; to doubt, to mistrust.,II1 Angiomonospermous, producing one seed only in a pod. 1~1 Angiosperm, a plant which has its seeds in pods. ***Epiphyllospermots. bearing their seeds on the back of the leaves, as fen&s itt Gymnosperm, a plant that bears naked seeds. ttt Polysperm, a tree whose fruit contains many seeds. )0 Sperm, spawn of fishes or frogs. SPE 419 SP1 apermat'ical, a. trisperm'ous, a. sperm'atize, v. tetrasperm'ous, a. 8;iERg-o, v. 1. (i spes, f. 5. hope), to hope: as, despair', a hopeless state, des'perate, without hope. despair', n. & v. des'perately, ad. pros'perous, a. despair'er, n. des'perateness, n. pros'perously, ad. despair'ing, a. despera'tion, n. pros'perousness, n. despair'ingly, ad. tpros'per, v. spe'rable, a. despair'ful, a. pros'pered, a. sper'ate, a. tdospera'do, n. pros'pering, a. unpros'perous, a. des'perate, a. & n. prosper'ity, n. unpros'perously, ad. SPHACEL-OS (dqO(XXoS), a mortiflcation, gangrene, a putre. fying sore: as, sphac'elate, to mortify. OsphLac'elus, n. sphac'elate, v. sphacela'tion, n. SPHMER —., f 1. (afcgaot), a sphere or globe: as, ensphere', to make into a sphere; spher'ics, doctrine of the sphere; spher'ule, a little sphere. Ilat'mosphere, n. semispher'ic, a. spher'ics, n. atmospher'ic, a. semisphler'ical, a. tispheroid', n. atmospher'ical, a. semispheroid'al, a. spheroid'al, a. ensphere', or ttsphere, n. & v. spheroid'ic, a. insphere', v. spher'ic, a. spheroid'ical, a. hem'isphere, n. spher'ical, a..spheroid'ity, n. hemispher'ic, a. spher'ically, ad. sTher'ule, n. hemispher'ical, a. spher'icalness, n. sphe'ry, a. ~Sperispher'ic, a. spheric'ity, n. unsphere', v. &*plan'isshere,'n. SPHAGN-OS (eqamvoS), lichen, bog-moss-sphag'nous, a. SPHEN (aq7v), a wedge-sphenoid', or sphenoid'al, a. SPIC-., f. 1. an ear of corn, a spike: as, spi'cate, having a spike or ear. t Desperado, one of a desperate character. t Prosper, literally, to hope or carry forward; to favour, to be successful, ti succeed, to thrive, to make gain. Sphacelus, gangrene; mortification of the flesh of a living anima., caries or decay of a bone. 11 Atmosphere, the air which surrounds this globe. ~ Perispheric, having the form of a ball; globular. ** Planisphere, a sphere projected on a plane.-as in maps. ft Sphere, in geometry, a solid body contained under a single surface, Avhica in every part is equally distant from a point called its centre; an orb or globe crrcuilt of action, province; rank, order of society. tt Spheroid, a hody or figure approaching to a spher e, but not perfectly slh/ert cal A spheroid is oblate or prolate. 37Z SPI 420 SPI spi'cate, a. - spike, n. & v. spi'king, a. *spic'ular, a. spi'ked, a. spike'let, n. Fspic'ulate, v. spike'nard, n. spi'ky, a. SPIN-A, f. 1. a thorn or briar, the spine or back-bone: as. spi'ny, full of spines, thorny, perplexed, difficult. spine, n. - spi'net, n. spi'nous, a. spi nal, a. spinif'erous, a. spinos'ity, n. spines'cent, a. spi'ny, a. SPiR-o, spiratum, v. 1. (ai oiraqgo, to pant), to breathe: as, conspire', to plot, to agree; dispir'it, to depress the spirits; expire', to breathe out, to die, to end; inspire', to breathe into; inspirit, to excite spirit in. arch-conspir'ator, n. dispir'iting, a. per'spirative, a. aspire', v. expi'rable, a.. per'spiratory, a. aspi'rant, n. expire', v. reinspire', v. jlas'pirate, v. a. & n. expira'tion, n. reinspi'red, a. as'pirated, a. expi'ring, a. reinspi'ring, a. aspirating, a. inspire', v. res'pirable, a. aspira'tion, n. inspi'red, a. **respire', v. aspi'rer, n. inspi'rer, n. respi'red, a. aspi'ring^, n. & a. inspi'ring, a. respi'ring, a. conspire', v. inspirable, a. res'piratory, a. conspi'red, a. inspira'tion, n. respira'tion, n. conspi'ring, a. in'spiratory, a. ttspir'acle, n. conspi'ringly, ad. inspir'it, v. tlspire, n. & v. conspir'acy, n. inspir'ited, a. spi'red, a. conspi'rant, a. inspir'iting, a. spi'ral, a. conspira'tion, n. irres'pirable, a. spi'rally, ad. conspir'ator, n. ~perspire', v. spi'ry, a. dispir'it, v. per'spirable, a. spir'it, n. & v. dispir'ited, a. perspirabil'ity, n. llspir'ited, a. ~ dispir'itedness, n. perspira'tion, n. spir'itedly, ad. * Spicular, resembling a dart.or spike; having sharp points. t Spiculate, to sharpen to a point. t.S pike, a large rail or sharp point of wood; an ear of corn or grain. 9 Spinet, a small wand, or place where briars and thorns grow; an instrument of music resembling a harpsichord, but smaller; a virginal. II Aspirate, to pronounce with a breathing or full emission of breath; also, a letter marked with an asper, or -note of breathing; a mark of aspiration,-aas the Greek accent ('). ~a Perspire, to evacuate the fluids of the body through the pores of the skrin ** Respire, literally, to breathe again; to inhale air into the lungs, and exhale It for the purpose of maintaining animal life; to rest, to take rest after toil,and hence, perhaps, respite, for respirit, —pause, interval of rest; delay. i't Spiracle, a small vent, hole, or orifice, a pore. it Spire, a winding line like the threads of a screw, a curl, a twist, a wreath, R tapering body, a steeple; a stalk or blade of grass or other plant. X b Sptrited, full of life, spirit, orfire; Spiritous, like spirit, refined,-as liq uors $Spirttual, pertaining to the spirit or soul, —opposed to temporal or mnaterial. SPI 421 SPO spir'itedness, n. spir'ituous, a. suspire', v. spir'itful, a. spir'ituousness, n. Osuspira'tion, n. spir'itfully, ad. *spright, or lltranspire', v. spir'itfulness, n. sprite, n. transpi'red, a. spir'itless, a. tspright'ful, or transpi'rable, a. spir'itlessly, ad. sprite'ful, a. transpi'ring, a. spir'itlessness, n. spright'fully, or transpira'tion, n. spir'itous, a. sprite'fully, ad. unas'pirated, a. spir'itousness, n. spright'fulness, n. unaspi'ring, a. spir'itual, a. spright'ly, a. uninspi'red, a. spir'itually, ad. sprite'ly, a. unper'spirable, a, spir'itualness, n. spright'liness, or unspir'it, v. spiritual'ity, n. sprite'liness, n. unspir'itual, a. spir'itualize, v. Isuspi'ral, n. unspir'itualize, v. spiritualiza'tion, n. Spiss-vs, a. thick: as, inspis'sate, to thicken, as fluids. conspissa'tion, n. inspis'sated, a. inspissa'tion, n. inspis'sate, v. inspis'sating, a. spiss'itude, n. SPLANCHN —. (rXa~ayXva), entrails- ~splanchnol'ogy, i.. SPLEN (anrXiv), the milt or spleen; ill-humnor, anger. antisplen'etic, a. spleen'less, a. splen'ish, or **spleen, n. spleen'y, a. spleen'ish, a. spleen'ed, a. ftsplen'etic, a. & n. Ilsplen'itive, a. spleen'ful, n. splen'ic, a. SPLEND-EO, V. 2. to shine: as, resplen'dent, very brig it, splen'did, shining, showy, brilliant. resplen'dence, n. splen'dent, a. transplen'dency, n. resplen'dency, n. splen'did, a. lltransplen'dent, a. resplen'dent, a. splen'didly, ad. transplen'dently, ad. resplen'dently, ad. splen'dour, n. SPOLI —UM, n. 2. that which is taken from an enemy, booty pillage: as, despoil', to take from by force. despoil', v. despoil'ed, a. despoil'er, n. * Sprig/ht or Sprite, a spirit, a shade, an apparition. t Sprightful or Spriteful, Sprightly or Spritely, lively, brisk, airy, gay. t Suspirali a breathing-hole, a vent.: Suspiration, the act of sighing or fetching a long and deep breath, a sigh II Transpire, to emit or be emitted in vapour, exhale; to escape from secrecy, to become public. ~ Splanchnology,.the doctrine, treatise, or description of the viscera; the doctrine of diseases of the internal peart of the body. ~* Spleen, one of the entrails, the milt. The ancients supOosed this to be tixe seat of melancholy, anger, or vexalion; hence, anger, latent sptte ill-humor. tt Splenetic, affected with spleen, peevish, fretfuil. tt Splenitive, hot, fiery, passionate. ft Transplendent, resplendent in the highest degree. SPO 422 SPU despoiling, a. spoil'ed, v. *spo'liate, v. despolia'tion, n. spoil'er, n. spolia'tion, n. exspolia'tion, n. spoil'ing, n. & v. unspoil'ed, a. spoil, v. & n. spoil'fill, a. SPONDNE-US, m. 2. (xr0ov6si0S), a foot of tuo long syllables. tspon'dee, n. sponda'ic, a. sponda'ical, a. SPOND-EO, sponsum, v. 2. to promise or undertake: as, correspond, to answer, to suit; respond', to answer, to reply; response', an oracular answer. correspond', v. espous'al, a. & n. respons'ibleness, n. correspond'ence, n. espous'als, n. responsibil'ity, n. correspond'ing, a. Ilespouse', v. respon'sion, n. correspond'ently, ad. espous'ed, a. respons'ive, a. correspond'ent, a. & n. espous'er, n. respons'ory, a. & n. correspond'ently, ad. espous'ing, a. spons'al, a. correspon'sive, a. irrespons'ible, a. spons'ible, a. tdespond', v. irresponsibil'ity, n. spon'sion, n. despond'ence, n. respond', v. & n. spons'or, n. despond'ency, n. respond'ed, a. spous'al, a. & n. desponzd'ing, a. respond'ent, a. & n. spouse, n. & v. despond'ingly, ad. respond'ing, a. spous'ed, a. despond'er, n. response', n. spouse'less, n. despond'ent, a. respons'al, a. & n. unrespons'ible, a. despond'ently, ad. respons'ible, a. unresponsibil'ity, n. SPONGI-.q,f. 1. (d'OyYita), a sponge or soft porous substance as, spung'iform, resembling a spunge. sponge, or spung'ed, a. spung'iness, n. spunge, n. & v. spung'iform, a. s]pung'ious, a. spong'er, or spung'ing, a. spong'y, or spungler, n. ~spung'ing-house, n. spung'y, a. SPONTANE-u-S, a. (i sponte, of fiee fwill), voluntary. spontane'ity, n. sponta'neously, ad. sponta'neousness, n. sponta'neous, a. SpUM-sq, f. 1. foam, froth: as, des'pumate, to foam. des'pumate, v. spume, n. & v. spu'my, a. despuma'tion, n. spu'mous, a. * Spoliate, to plunder or practise plunder. t Spondee, a fbot of two long syllables. Despond, to cast down, to sink by loss of hope, to despair. Although despair implies a total loss of' hope, which despond does not, at least in every case; yet despondency is fbllowed by the abandonment of effort, or cessation of action; and despair sometimes impels to violent action, even to rage. O Espousals, the'act of contracting or affiancing a man and woman to each other. 1I Espouse, to betroth, to marry, to embrace. ~,Spunging-/zhotse, a bailiff's house to put debtors in. SPU, 423 STA SPURI-us, a. not genuine, counterfeit. spu'rious, a. spu'riously, ad. spu'riousness, n SPUT-o, v. 1. (it SpUO, v. 3. to siit), to spit often. exspuiti'on, or spew, v. spu'tative, a. *expuiti'on, n. spew'ed, a. sput'ter, v. puke, n. & v. spew'er, n. sput'tered, a. pu'ked, a. spew'ing, a. & n. sput'terer, n. pu'ker, n. sputa'tion, n. sput'tering, a. pu'kmng, a. SQUAL-EO, v. 2. to be foul or dirty from neglect. squal'id, a. squal'idness, n.. squa'lor, n. SQoUAM-S, f. 1. a scale of a fish: as, squa'mous, scaly. desqtuama'tion, n. squamig'erous, a. squa'mous, a. squam'iform, a. STABIL-IS, a. (a sto), firm, steadfast. (See Sto.) STAGoN —Ux, n. 2 standing water, as in pools or ponds:,Is, stag'nate, lo cease to flow or move, or to be brisk. restag'nant: a. stag'nancy, n. stag'nate, v. restag natc, v. stag'nant, a. stagna'tion, n. STAMEN, Tn-is, n. 3. (a sto), authread. (See Sto.) STANN- CUJIr n. 2. tin- fstan'nary, a. & n. stan'nic, a. STAS-IS (~a0rw', abh J~r-i, to place or put), a standing or placing; a weighing. tantiperis'tasis, n. Ilap'osteme, n. ec'stasied, a. antiperistat'ic, a. apos'temate, v. ecstat'ic, or {apos'tasy, n. apostema'tion, n. extat'ic, a. apos'tate, n. & a. apostem'atous, a. ecstat'ical, or apostat'ical, a. archapos'tate, n. extat'ical, a. apos'tatize, v. ec'stasy, or **hydrostat'ics, n. apos'tatizing, a. I~ex'tasy, n. hydrostat'ic, a. * Exspuition, Expuition, a discharge of saliva by spitting. t Stannary, relating to the tin works; also, a tin mine. T Antiperistasis, the opposition of a contrary quality, by which the quaiily opposed acquires strength; or the action by which a body attacked collects force by opposition. Thus quicklime is set on fire, or sensible heat is excited in It, by mixture with water. ~ Apostasy, an abandonment of what one has professed; a total desertion or departure from one's faith, religion, or party. I1 Aposteme, a swelling filled with purulent matter, an abscess,-written nor ruptly imposthume.' Ecstasy, literally, a standing out, a fixed state, a trance; a state in whlen the mind is arrested and fixed, or as we say, lost; excessive joy, rapture, a degree of delight that arrests the whole mind, extreme delight. ** Hydrostatics, the science which treats of the weight, motion, and eqult brtums of fluids, or of -the specific gravity, and other properties of fluids, PaI ticularly of water. STA 424 STEhydroslat'ical, a. tsys'tem, n. sys'temizlrsg, a. hydrostat'ically, ad. systemat'ic, a. systemiza'tion, n. *hypos'tasis, or systemat'ical, a. sys'tem-maker, n. zypos'tasy, n.- systemat'ically, ad. sys'tem-monger, n. h- postut'ic, a. sys'tematist, n. unsystemat'ic, a. hypostat'ical, a. sys'temize, v. unsystemat'ica], a. hypostat'ically, ad. sys'temized, a. unsys'temized, a. mrnetas'tasis, n. sys'tcmizer, n. STATU-O, V. 3. (a sto), to set or place, so as to stand, to fix, to appoint or ordain. (See Sto.) STE(GAN-OS (sTEyavo0, a lreyw, to cover), covered, concealed, hidden, secret-~steganog'raphy, n. steganog'raphist, n. STELE (.rTXE), a pillar-llstelog'raphy, n. STELL — A, f. 1. a star: as, con'stellate, to join lustre. con'stellate, v. stel'lary, a. stel'lify, v. con'stellated, a. **stel'late, or stellif'erous, a. ~constella'tion, n. stel'lated,, a. stel'lifbrm, a. interstel'lar, a. stella'tion, n. subconstella'tion, n. ste'lar, a. STELL-O (OT'XXw), to send: as, epis'tle, a letter sent, a let ter; epistolog'raphy, the art or practice of writing letters. antiapos'tle, n. apostol'ical, a. epis'tle, n. f+apos'tle, n. apostol'ically, ad. epis'tler, n. apos'tleship, n. apostol'icalness, n. epis'tolary, a. 1 fapos'tolate, n. archapos'tle, n. epistol'ic, a. apostol'ic, a. O]dias'tole, n. epistol'ical, a. H!postasis, HIrpostasiy, properly subsistence, substance; hence the distinct subhstlance or subsisenuce of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit in the Godhead,called by the Greek Christians, three hypostases; by the Latins, three personac; and we say, the Godhead consists of three persons. t Metastasis, a translation or removal of a disease from one part to another, or such an alteration as is succeeded by a solution. I System, literally, a standing together, so as to make a consistent whole; an assemblage of things adjusted into a regular whole. 6 Steganography, the art of writing in ciphers, or characters which are not intelligible, except to the persons who correspond with each other. II Stelography, the art of writing or inscribing characters on pillars. ~ Constellation, a cluster of fixed stars, resembling the figure of animals, &c. as the bear, the bull, the ram, the balance, &c. ** Stellate or Stellated leaves, are radiated like spokes of a wheel, or like a star. et Apostle, literally, one sent; appropriately, a disciple of Christ commissioned by himself to preach the gospel. tt Apostolate, a mission; the office or dignity of an apostle; now restricted to he dignity of the Pope, whose See is called the Aposlolic See. ~ % Diastole, In medicine, a dilatation of the heart, auricles, and arteries — opposed to sqstole, or contraction. In Grammar, Diastole, the lengthening of a short syllable; Syslole, the shortening of a long syllable. STE 425 STE epis'tolize, v. epistolograph'ic, a. tperisys'tole, n epis'tolizer, n. *peristalt'ic, a. sys'tole, n. epis'tolog'raphy, n. * STEMA, at-os (d~Tja, aroO, ab i0r'TJ,), standing or placing (See Stasis.) STEN-OS (rTsEog, dTSEvw, to groan), narrow, short. Istenog'raphy, n. stenograph'ic, a. stenograph'ical, a. stenog'rapher, n. TEPHA — OS, m. 2. (Tspoavof, &a Osreo, to crown), a garland-, a crown, or crowned-Steph'anus, n. Ste'phen, n. STERCUS, 6r-is, n. 3. dung or dirt. stercora'ceous, a. {ster'corary, n. Ilstercora'tion, n. STERE —OS (SgEog05), standing firm, solid. lstereog'raphy, n. stereom'etry, n. ster'eotyper, n. stereog'rapher, n. stereomet'rical, a. stereotyp'ic, a. stereograph'ic, a. **stereot'omy, n. ster'eotyping, a. stereograph'ical, a. stereotom'ical, a. 11stereotypog'raphy, n stereograph'ically,ad. ttster'eotype, n. a. & v. stereotypog'rapher, r, STERIL-IS, a. barren, unfruitful. ster'ile, a. steril'ity, n. ster'ilize, v. STERN-O, stratum, v. 1. to spread, to cast or throw d6wn,!o lay flat: as, stra'tum, a layer; pros'trate, laid flat.,{consterna'tion, n. pros'trate, a. & v. ~~stramin'eous, a. instra'tified, a. - pros'trated, a. stra'tum, n. interstra'tified, a. pros'trating, a. stra'ta, n. pl. 111prosterna'tion, n. prostra'tion, n. ***stra'tify, v. * Peristaltic, spiral, vermicular or worm-like. t Perisystole, the pause or interval between the systole or contraction, and the diastole, or dilatation of the heart. t Stenography, the art of writing in short-hand, by using abbreviations or characters fbr whole words. j Stercorary, a place Ibr containing dung. II Stercoration, the act of manuring with dung. ~ Stereography, the act or art of' delineating the forms of;oh1d bodies on a plane. ~* Stereotomy, the science of cutting solids into certain figures or sections,as arches, &c. tt Stereotype, literally. a fixed metal type; hence, a plate of fixed or solid metallic types for printing books. 4t Stereotypography, the art or practice of printing on stereotype. T Consternation, the act of astonishing or confounding; amazement or h,,rrot that confibunds the faculties, and incapacitates a person for consultation and execution; excessive terror, wonder, or surprise. lill Prosternation, a state of being cast down, dejection, depressior". 1T ~ Stramineots, strawy, consisting of siraw. *** Stratify, to form. into a layer; to lay inl srlta. STE ~426 STI Fr rc-'Xf.el, a. straw, n, & v. *substra'tum, n straltifying, a. straw'y, a. unstra'tified, a. stratifica'tion, n. street, n. STERNUT-O, v. (ti sternuo, v. 3. to sneeze), to sneeze. sternuta'tion; n. sternu'tative, a. sternu'tatory, a. & n. STETH —OS (a'T-o ), the breast-steth'oscope, n. STHEN-OS (Oe;vog), strength, vigor, power: as, asthen'ic, without power or force-aslhen'ic, a. tasthenol'ogy, n. STICH —OS (aMriO0g), a row, a line, a verse: as, hem'istich, half a poetic verse. tacros'tic, n. & a. dis'tichous, a. mon'ostich, n. acros'tically, ad. hem'istich, n. Ilstich, n.:tlec'astich, n. hemis'tichal, a. stichom'etry, n. dis'tich, n. & a. hcx'astich' n. tetras'tich, n. STIGMA, at-is (O~'rTyua, aro5, a ~cw, to puncture), a brandmark irmprinted on the foreheads of fugitive slaves; a mark of infamy or reproach. stig'ma, n. stigmat'ically, ad. stig'matized, a. stig-mnat'ic, a. stig'mautze, v. stig'matizing, a. stigmat'ical, a. STIG-O, V. 1. obs. (& d~or'w), to prick or spur: as, in'stigate to spur on, to incite. in'stigate, v. in'stigating, a. in'stigator, n. in'stigated, a. instiga'tion, n. S-rILL-A, f. 1. a drop: as, distill', to drop, to fall in drops. exstill', to drop or distill from. distill', v. distill'ing, a. extill', v. distill'able, a. distilla'tion, n. extilla'tion. n. distill'ed, a. distill'atory, a. **instill', v. distill'er,-n. ~distill'ery, n. instill'ed, a. * Substratum, a lower layer. t As.henology, tddescription of weakness; or the doctrine of diseases arising from debility. t Acrostic, a poem in which the first letters of every line taken in order, form or make up the name of the person or thing of which it is the subject. ~ Decastich, a poem consisting of ten lines cr verses; distich, of two lines ot verses; hesxstich, of six verses; tetrastich, of four verses. 11 Stich, a verse; in rural affairs, an order or rank of trees. Stich is used in nimbering the books of Scripture. ~ Distlillery, the act or art of distilling; also, the building and works wnere distill.ng is carried on. ** Instill, to infiuse by drops; to infuse slowlv, and by small quantitieb;-as vt instill good principles iflto the mind. STI 427 STI instill'er, n. instill'ment, n. tstil'licide, n. instill'ing, a. still, n. & v. stillicid'ious, a. instilla'tion, n. *stillatiti'ous, a. undistill'ed, a.,TIMUL-US, m. 2. a goad or spur; an incitement: as, ex. tim'ulate, instim'ulate, stim'ulate, to excite, to animate. extim'ulate, v. stim'ulant, a. & n. stim'ulative, a. extimula'tion, n. stim'ulate, v. stim'ulator, n. instim'ulate, v. stim'ulated, a. tstim'ulus, n. instim'ulating, a. stzm'ulating, a. unstzm'tulated, a. instimula'tion, n. stimula'tion, n. unstim'ulating, a. STINGU —O or STING-O, stinctum, v. 3. to prick, to mark, to thrust: as, distinguish, to ascertain and mark diffirence; extinct', put out, being at an end. contradistin'guish, v. distinct'ive, a. inextinct', a. contradistin'guished,a.distinct'ively, ad. { in'stinct, n. contradistin'guish- exting'uish, v. instinct'ed, a. ing, a. exting'uishable, a. instinct'ive, a. contradistinct', a. exting'uished, a. instinct'ively, ad. contradistinc'tion, n. exting'uisher, n. interstinct'ive, a. contradistinct'ive, a. exting'uishing, a. Ilptes'tiges, n. distin'guish, v. exting'uishment, n. prestigia'tion, n. distin'guishable, a. extinct', a. prestigia'tor, n. distin'guished, a. extinc'tion, n. prestig'iatory, a. distin'guisher, n. indistinct', a. prestig'ious, a. distin'guishing, a. indistinct'ly, ad. restin'guish, v. distin'guishingly, ad. indistinct'ness, n. restinc'tion, n. distin'guishment, n. indistinct'ible, a. undisting'uishable,a distinct', a. indistinc'tion, n. undisting'uished, a. distinct'ly, ad. indisting'uishable, n. undisting'uishing, a. distinct'ness, n. indisting'uishing, a. unexting'uishable,a. distinc'tion, n. inexting'uishable, a. unexting'uished, a. STIN-O, v. 1. (obs.) to fix, to fix unalterably: as, des'tine, to fix down, to ordain or appoint, to doom. des'tine, v. des'tining, a. des'tinate, v. & a. des'tined, a. des'tiny, n. destina'tion, a. * Stillatitious, falling in drops; drawn by a still. t Stillicide, a continual falling or succession of drops. Stimulus, literally, a goad; hence, something that rouses from languorwhat excites or increases action in the animal system; or that which rouses;1iC, mind or spirits. ~ Instinct, literally, thrust in, infixed; that in animals which naturally directs them to do whatever is necessary for their preservation,-as in animals, tne instinct of sucking exerted immediately after birth; in birds, the inslinct of depositing their eggs in situations most favourable for hatching. II Prestige', literally, a dazzling or obscuring,-hence, juggling tricks, in. )ostures, deceits. 38 STI 428 STO *ob'stinacy, n. predes'tine, v. predes'tinated, a. ob'stinate, a. predes'tined, a. predes'tinating, a. ob'stinately, ad. predes'tinate, v. & a. predestina'tion, n. ob'stinateness, n. predestina'rian, a. & n.predes'tinator, n. STIPENDI —uM, n. 2. (a stips, f. 3. a piece of money, antd pendo, to pay), the pay of soldiers; wages. tsti'pend, n. & v. stipen'diary, a. & n. STIP-O, stipatum, v. 1. to fill up close, to stuff or cram. con'stipate, v. cos'tive, a. tobstipa'tion, n. constipa'tion, n. cos'tiveness, n. STIPUL-.-, f. 1. a straw; a bargain. ~exstzp'ulate, a. stip'ular, a. stipula'tion, n. Ilstip'ula, or ** stip'ulate, v. & a. stip'ulator, n. stip'ule, n. stip'ulated, a. stub'ble, n. ~Tstipula'ceous, a. stip'ulating, a. STIRPS, stirp-is, c. 3. root or stem: as, ex'tirpate, to pull out by the roots; to root out. extirp', v. ex'tirpated, a. ex'tirpator, n. extirp'able, a. ex'tirpating, a. inextirp' able, a. ex'tirpate, v. extirpa'tion, n. ST-O, statum, v. 1. to stand; to set: as, arrest', to obstruct, to seize; con'stancy, a standing firm; con'stitute, to set, to fix, to form; ob'stacle, a thing standing in the way; sta'ble, firm, solid, sure;'sta'tue, an image; stat'.. ute, a law; understand', to know, to comprehend fully.. anteconstitu'tional, a. arrestting, a. arrest'ment, n. ar'mistice, n. arrest'er, or tffarret', n. arrest', v. arrest'or, n. by-stand'er, n. arrest'ed, a. arresta'tion, n. ttcir'cumstance,n.& v Obstinacy, a fixedness in opinion or resolution that cannot be shaken at all: stubborness, pertinacity. t Stipend,isettled pay or compensation for services; an annual salary. Obstipation, the act of stopping up, as a passage. Exstipulate, having no stipu1les. 11 Stipida or Stipule, in botany, a scale at the base of nascent petioles or peduncles; a leafy appendage to the proper leaves, or to their footstalks. ~f Stipulaceous, Stipldar, formed of stipiles or scales. ** Stiptlate, to bargain,-so called, it is said, because straws were anciently employed in the making of bargains. It Arret, the decision of a court or council; a decree' publisihed; the edict of a soverign prince. tW Ciucmstance, that which stands around or near; something attending, appendant, or relative to a fact or case; the adjuncts of a fact; accident, incident, event: condition or state of' property. STO'429 STO cir'cumstanced, a.. Icon'trast, n. in'stant, a. & n. cir'cumstant, a. contrast', v. in'stantly, ad. *circumstan'tial, a. contrast'ed, a. 00instanta'neous, a. circumstan'tially, ad. contrast'ing, a. instanta'neously, ad circumstantial'ity, n. des'titute, a. n. & v. instanta'neousness,n circumstan'tiate, v. destitu'tion, n. Illinstant'er, ad. tcon'stable, n. ~dis'tance, n. & v. instead', n. con'stableship, n. dis'tanced, a. ~~in'stitute, v. & n. con'stablewick, n. dis'tant, a. in'stituted, a. con'stancy, n. equidis'tance, n. in'stituting, a. con'stant, a. cquidis'tant, a. in'stitutist, n. con'stantly, ad. equidis'tantly, ad. institu'tion, n. constituent, a. & n. **estab'lish, v. institu'tional, a. con'stitute, v. estab'lished, a. institu'tionary, a. con'stituted, a. estab'lisher, n. in'stitutive, a. con'stituter, n. establishing, a. in'stitutor, n. con'stituting, a. estab'lishment, n. insubstan'tial, a. tconstitu'tion, n. ex'tancy, n. ***in'terstice, n. constitutional, a. fttex'tant, a. interstiti'al, a. constitu'tionally, ad. inconstance, n. ob'stacle, n. constitu'tionalist, as. incon'stant, a. ob'stancy, n. constitu'tionist, n. incon'stantly, ad. constitu'tive, a. insta'ble, a. consubstan'tial, a. insta'bleness, n. consubstan'tialist, a. instabil'ity, n. consubstantial'ity, n. Ttin'stance, n. & v. consubstan'tiate, v. in'stanced, a. overstand', v. dconsubstantia'tion,a. in'stancy, n. outstand', v. I Circumstantial evidence, in law, is that obtained from circumstances, whicth necessarily or usually attend facts of a particular nature, from which arises presumption. t Constable (a comes stabuli, count of the stable), an officer of the peace. f Constitution, the act of constituting; the state of being, frame or temper; the established form of government in a state, kingdom, or country; a particu lar law, ordinance, or regulation. ~ Consubstantiation, the union of the body ofour blessed Saviour with the sacramental elements. The Lutherans maintain, that after consecration of the elements, the body and blood of Christ are substantially present with the sub. stance of the bread and wine, which is called consubstantiation or impanation. 11 Contrast, to set against; to set in opposition different things or qualities, to, show the superior excellence of one to advantage. ~ Distance, a standing apart, an interval or space between two objects. ** Establish, Stablish, to make firm, to set and fix, to ordain, to settle or fix to confilrm. tt Extant, standing out, remaining or subsisting. T ITnstance, a standing on, urgency; example; time, occasion. ~.t Instantaneous, done at the instant. III Instanter, immediately, at the present time, without delay. 1[1 Institute, to set in, to establish, appoint, or enact; to found; to instruct; to begin. *** Interstice, a space between things; but chiefly, a narrow or small Spnc. between things closely set, or the parts which compose a body;-as in a net. STO 430 STO outstand'ing, a. {rest, n. & v. sta'bleness, n. precon'stitute, v. rest'ant, a. sta'biliment, n. precon'stituted, a. rest'ed, a. stabil'itate, v. precon'stituting, a. rest'ful, a. stabil'ity, n. *priest, n. rest'ing, a. sta'bling, n. priest'ess, n. rest'ing-place, n. stab'lish, v. priest'craft, n. rest'less, a. sta'ble-boy, n. priesthood, n. rest'lessly, ad. sta'ble-man, n. priest'like, a. rest'lessness, n. [tstam'en, n. priest'ly, a. Ilres'tif, or stam'ened, a. priestliness, n. r-es'tive, a. & U. stam'inal, a. ipriest'ridden, a. res'tifness, or stamin'eous, a. pros'titute, v. a. & n. res'tiveness, n. stam'inate, a. & *, pros'tituted, a. res'titute, v. staminif'erous, a. pros'tituting, a. ~restitu'tion, n. {{stanch, v. & n. prostitu'tion, n. res'titutor, n. stanch'ed, a. pros'titutor, n. res'ty, a. stanch'er, n. re-estab lish, v. sol'stice, n. stanch'ing, a. re-estab lished, a. solstiti'al, a. llllstanch'ion, n. re-estab'lisher, n. **stab, v. & n. stanch'less, a. re-estab'lishing, a. stab'bed, a. stanch'ness, n. re-estab'lishment, n. stab'ber, n. stand, v. & n. reinstate', v. stab'bing, a. & n. ~~stand'ard, a. & n. reinstat'ed, a. ftsta'ble, a. n. & v. stand'ard-bearer, n. reinstating, a. sta'bled, a. stand'er, n. reinstate'ment, n. sta'bly, ad. stand'ing, a. * Priest, one who stands before God for the people, to offer sacrifices, and to make intercession; a man who officiates in sacred offices; a person set apart or consecrated t~ the ministry of the gospel. t Priestridden, managed or governed by the priests. - Rest, literally, a standing back or from; cessation of motion or action, (uiet, repose, sleep; in music, a pause. What remains behind; others. II RestZf or Restive, unwilling to go, refusing to move; also, a stubborn horse. 1 Restitution, the act of restoring; the act of making good, or of giving al equlivalentfor any loss, damage, or injury. ** Stab, to pierce with a pointed weapon. ft Stable, that can stand, fixed, steady; also, a house or shed for horses t( stand in. It Stamen, usually in the plural stamens or stamina, the fixed, firm part of a body, which supports it, or gives it its strength or solidity; whatever constitutes the principal strength or support of any thing. X Stanch, to stop, to set, or fix; sound, firm, strong, firm in principle, steady constant and zealous. 11II Stanchion, a prop, a support. ~ I Standard, an ensign of war, a staff with a flag or colours; that mhich is established by sovereign power, as a rule or measure by which others are to be aidjusted; that which is established as a rule or model, by the authority of pub Uic opinion, by respectable'opinions, or by custom or general consent. STO - 431 STO *stand'ish, n. statist'ical, a. substan'tials, n.. tstan'za, n. stat'ue, n. substan'tially, ad. tsta'tary, a. **stat'uary, n. substan'tialness, n. state, n. & v. jtstat'ure, n. substantial'ity, n. sta'ted, a. stat'ured, a. substan'tiate, v. sta'tedly, ad. stat'ute, n. ~~sub'stantive, n. & a. state'less, a. stat'utable, a. ***sub'stitute, v. & n. state'ly, a. & ad. stat'utably, ad. sub'stituted, a. state'liness, n. stat'utory, a. sub'stituting, a. statement, n. stay, v. & n. substitu'tion, n. Ilstat'ics, n. stay'ed, or superinstitu'tion, n. states'man, n. staid, a. fttfsuperstiti'on, ft. states'woman, n. staid'ness, n. superstiti'onist, n. stay!lace, n. stay'er, n. superstitious, a. stay'maker, n. stays, n. superstiti'ousness, n. stat'ic, a. Itstead, or superstitiously, ad. state;monger, n. sted, n. & v. superstiti'ousness, n. stat'ical, a. stead'fast, a. - supersubstan'tiate, v sta'tion, n. & v. steadfastly, ad. transubstan'tiate, v..sta'tional, a. stead'fastness, n. transubstantia'tion, n. sta'tionary, a. ~stead'y, a. & v. unarrest'jed, a. sta'tioner, n. stead'ily, ad. uncircumstan'tial, a sta'tionery, n. & a. steadiness, n. unconstitu'tional, a. statist'ics, n. Illlsub'stance, n. unconstitu'tionally, ad. statist'ic, a. substan'tial, a. unconstitutional'ity, a..,. * Standish, a case for pen and ink. t Stanza, a part of a poem containing every variation of measure in that poem. t Statary, fixed, settled. State, a standing, condition; a stationary point; a political body, or body politic; pomp, dignity. [i Statics, that branch of mechanics which treats of bodies at rest. Dynamics treats of bodies in motion. In medicine, persons seized with epilepsies. ~ Statistics, a collection of facts respecting the state of society, the condition of the people in a nation or country, their health, longevity, domestic economy arts, property, and political strength, the state of the country, &c.-Sinclair. ** Statuary, the art of making statues; also, the artist. tt Stature, height of an animal. ft Stead, room or place which another had or might have; also, to help. At Steady, firm in standing or position; constant in mind, purpose, or pursuit not fickle, changeable, or wavering; regular, constant, undeviating. 1ill Substance, a being, something existing, a body; goods, estate. ~~ Substantive, in Grammar, a noun or name; the part of speech vhich ex. presses something that exists, either material or immaterial. As, man, horse, city, goodness, excellence. *** Substitute, to put in the place of another; also, one put in the place of another, to answer the same purpose;-as, the orthodox creed of Christians is, that Christ died as the substitute of sinners. t'l Superstition, religious fear which stands over, as it were, and overwhelms tie mind, arising from false notions of the Deity; false religion or worship, rite or practice proceeding firom excess of scruples in religion;-in this sense it admits of a plural. Superstition has reference to God, to religion, or to beings superior to mar 38*, STO 432 STR uncontrast'ed, a. unsta'ble, a.'unstat'utable, a. understand', v. unsta'bleness, n. unstead'fast, a. understand'ing, n-. unstanchked, a. unstead!fastness, tn. understand'ingly, ad. unstate', v. unstead'y, a. unestab'lish, v. unstaid', a. unstead'ily, ad. unestab'lished, a. unstaid'ness, n. unstead'iness, n. unpros'tituted, a. unstay'ed, a. unsubstan'tial, a. STO-A (a0roa), a porch or portico. *Sto'ic, n. sto'ical, a, sto'icalness, n.sto'icism, n. sto'ically, ad. STOL-OS (aq'0X0o, I, dOsXXoJaOl, to send), the person or thing sent; a drawuing or shortening. (See Stello.) STOMACH —US, m. 2. (d0mTaX0o, a 0rot~a, the mouth), the stomach; anger, resentment. stom'ach, n. & v. stom'acher, n. stomach'ic, a. & n stom'achal, a. stom'achful, a. stomach'ical, a. slom'acted, a. stom'achfulness, n. stom'achless, a..STORt-o for STAUR-O, v. 1. (obs.) to give or bring. restaura'tion, n. resto'red, a. restora'tion, n. restore', v. resto'rer, n. resto'rative, a. & n. resto'rable, a. resto'ring, a. unresto'red, a. STRANG-OS (OargOaCyo, Ai O'cfayY', to squeeze), a drop squeezed out- stran'gury, n. strangu'rious, a. STRANGVUL-O, v. 1. to choke, to kill by intercepting the breath: as, stran'gle, to choke. stran;'gle, v. $stran'gles, n. Ostran'gulated, a. stran'gled, a. stran'gling, a. & n. strangula'tion, n. stran'gler, n. STR'AT-OS (dgarog), an army: as, stratoc'racy, a military government. I[strat'egus, n. stratagem'lcal, a. **stratog'raphy, n. ~strat'agem, n. stratoc'racy, n. * Stoic, a. disciple or follower of- the philosopher Zeno, who taught in a porch in Athens, and founded a sect. He taught that men should be free from pas. si n, unmoved by joy or grief, and submit without complaint to the unavoida hile necessity by which all things are governed. tStrangles, swellings in a horse's throat. O Strangulated, compressed!I Strategus, an Athenian general officer. I~ Stratagem, an artifice, particularly in war; a plan or scheme for decuiving 2n enemy; any artifice. **Stratography, description of armies, or what belongs to an armg. STR 433 STR STREN -US, a. brave, vigorous, active. stren'uous, a. stren'uously, ad. stren'uousneRs, n. STREP-0, V. 1. to make a noise or sound: as, obsirep'crous loud, noisy, clamorous. obstrep'erous, a. obstrep'erousness, n. strep'erous, a. obstrep'erously, ad. strep'ent, a. STRID-EO, v. 2. to make a noise, to creak. stri'dor, n. strid'ulous, a. STRING_-o, strictum, v. 3. to hold fast, to bind, to con'tract: as, astringe', to bind, to contract; constringe', constrict', to drawz together, to contract. astringe', v.-. constrain'ed, a. restrict'ive, a. astring'ed, a. constrain'edly, ad. restrict'ively, ad. astring'ency, n. constrain'er, n. self-restrain'ed, a. astring ent, a. & n. constrain'ing, a. self-restrain'ing, a. astring'er, n. constrain'able, a. ftstraight, a. & ad. astringling, a. constraint', v. straigh'ten, v. *astrict', v. & a. $obstric'tion, n. straigh'ltened, a. astrict'ed, a. -prestric'tion, n. straigh'tening, a. astrict'ing, a. Ilrestrain', v. straight'ly, ad. astric'tion, n. restrai'ned, a. straight'ness, n. astrict'ive, a. restrai'nedly, ad. straight'way, ad. astrict'ory, a. restrai'ner, n. 11strain, v. & n. constringe', v. restrai'ning, a. strain'ed, a. constring'ed, a. restrai'nable, a. strain'er, n. constring'ing, a. restraint', n. strain'ing, a. & n. constrin'gent, a. ~restringe', v. &{strait, a. & n. constrict', v. restring'ed, a. strait'en, v. constrict'ed, a. restrin'gent, a. & n. strait'ly, ad. constrict'ing, a.- *restrict', v. strait'ness, n. constric'tion, n. restrict'ed, a. - Illlstrait-waist'coat, n. constrict'or, n. restrict'ing, a. strait-jack'et,,. tconstrain', v. restric'tion, n. strict, a. * Astrict, to bind fastor compress; also, compendious, contracted. t Constrain, to press, to compel or force; to bind. t Obstriction, obligation, bond. I Prestriction, dimness.-Milton. 11 Resirain, to hold back, to check. T Restringe, to confine, to contract. ** Restrict, to limit, to confine.'ftStraight, right, direct, not crooked; narrow, close, tight; upright, not deviating from truth or fairness. It Strain, to stretch, to press through some porous substance, to filter ~ Stratt, narrow, close, not broad; rigorous; difficult, distressful; stralght not crooked. III Strait-waistcoat, ot Strait-jacket, an apparatus to corfine the limbs cf distracted person. STR 434 STR strtct'1,, ad. unconstrained, a. unrestraint', n. strict'ness, n. unconstrain'edly, ad linrestrict'ed, a. *strict'ure, n. unrestrain'ed, a. unstrain'ed, a. Subastrin'gent, a. unrestrai'nable, a.,STROPHE (f-Tgo(pq, a 5fgeIp)W, to turn), a turning round. janas'trophe, or apos'trophy, n. catas'trophy, n. anas'trophy, n. apostroph'ic, a. **epis'trophe, or lantis'trophe, or apos'trophize, v. epis'trophy, n. antis'trophy, n. apos'trophized, a. monostroph'ic, za.antis'trophon, n. apos'trophizing, a. ffstro'phe, or jlapos'trophe, or ~catas'trophe, or strophy, n. STRUM —4, f. 1. a wen or swelling. antistrumat'ic, a. ttstru'ma, n. stru'mous, a. STRU-O, structum, v. 3. to build: as, destroy', to pull down; instruct', to, teach, to direct; misinstruct', to instruct amiss; obstruct', to block up, to impede. ] con'strue, v. con'struing, a. construct'ed, a. con'strued, a. jlllconstruct', v. construct'er, n. * Stricture, a stroke, a glance, a touch; a touch of criticism, critical remark, censure; a drawing, a spasmodic or other morbid contraction of any passage of the body. t Anastrophe, in grammar, an inversion of the natural order of words,-as, saxa per et scopulos, for per saxa et scopulos. $ Antistrophe, in grammar, the changing of things mutually depending on each other; reciprocal conversion;-as, the master of the servant; the servant of the master. t Antistrophon, a figure which repeats a word often. II Apostrophe, in rhetoric, a diversion of speech; a digressive address; a changing the course of a speech, and addressing a person who is dead or absent, as if present. When an advocate, in an argument to the jury, turns and addresses a few remarks to the court. In Grammar, t,he contraction of a word by the omission of a letter or letters, marked by a comma,-as call'd for called. The comma used for, this purpose may also be called an apostrophe. 1T Catastrophe, the change or revolution which produces the final event of a dramatic piece; or the unfblding and winding up of the plot, clearing up difficulties, and closing the play. The ancients divided a play into the prolasis, epitasis, catastasis, and catastrophy; the introduction, continuance, heightening, and development or conclusion. A' final event, conclusion; generally, an unfortunate conclusion, calamity, or disaster. ** Epistrophe, a figure -in rhetoric, in which several successive sentences end with the same word or affirmation. ft Strophe, in Greek poetry, a stanza; the first member of a poem. This is succeeded by a similar stanza called antistrophy. The ancient odes consisted of stanzas called strophies and antistrophies, to which was often added the epode. These were sung by a choir, which turned or changed places when they repeated the different parts of the ode. The epode.was sung as the chorus, stood still. ft Struma, a glandular swelling; scrofula; the king's evil; a wen. $ Construe, to arrange words in their natural order; hence to interpret, to explain, to translate.'1111 Construct, to put together the parts of a thing in their I roper place and u.der; to build, to form; to devise and compose. STU 435 STU construct'ing, a. extruct'or, n. obstruct', v. construc'tion, n. indestruct'ible, a, obstruct'ed, a. construc'tional, a. indestructibil'ity, n. obstruct'er, n. construct'ive, a. instruct', v. obstruct'ing, a. construct'ively, ad. instruct'ed, a. obstruc'tion, n. construct'ure, n. instruct'ing, a. obstruct'ive, a. & n. deobstruct', v. instruct'ible, a. ob'struent, a. & t deobstruct'ed, a. instruc'tion, n. preinstruct', v. deobstruct'ing, a. & v. instruct'ive, a. preinstruct'ed, a. deob'struent, a. & n. instruct'ively, ad. preinstruct'ing, a. destroy', v. instruct'iveness, n. self-destruc'tion, z. destroy'ed, a. instruct'or, n. self-destruc'tive, a. destroy'e.r, n. instruct'ress, n. struct'ure, n. destroy'able, a. tin'strument, n. substruc'tion, n. destroy'ing, a. instrument'al, a. substruct'ure, n. destruc'tion, n. instrument'ally, ad. superstruct', v. destruct'ible, a. instrument'alness, n. superstruc'tion, n. destruct'ibil'ity, n. instrumental'ity, n. superstruct'ive, a. destruct'ive, a. Omiscon'strue, v. superstruqt'ure, n. destruct'ively, ad. miscon'strued, a. undestroy'able, a. destruct'iveness, n. miscon'struing, a. undestroy'ed, a. destruct'or, n. Ilmisconstruc'tion, n. uninstruct'ed, a. textruct', v. misinstruct', v. uninstruct'ive, a. extruc'tion, n. misinstruct'or, n. unobstruct'ed, a. extruct'ive, a. misinstruc'tion, n. unobstruct'ive, a. STUD-EO, v. 2. to study, to strive or endeavour, to apply, to attend to. stu'dent, n. stud'ier, n. stu'diousness, n. stud'y, n. & v. stu'dious, a. unstud'ied, a..stud'ied, a. stu'diously, ad. unstu'dious, a. stud'iedly, ad. STULT-US, a. foolish: as, stul'tify, to make foolish. stultil'oquy, n. stultil'oquence, n. stul'tify, v. Srup-Eo, v. 2. to be void of sensibility; to astonish: as, stu'pid, very dull, senseless; stct'pefy, to make stupid or dull. * Deobstruct, to remove obstructions or impediments to a passage. t Extruct, to build, to construct. t Instrument, a tool; that by which work is performed, or any thing is effect. ed,-as a knife, hammer, saw, plough, &c. That which is subservient to the execution of a plan or purpose, or to the production of any effect; means used or contributing to an effect,-applicable to persons or things. An artificial machine or body constructed for yielding harmonious sounds;-as, an organ, harpsichord, violin, flute, &c. In law, a writing containing the terms of a contract;-as a deed of conveyance, a grant, a patent, an indenture, &c. - Misconstrue, to interpret erroneously either words or things. II Misconstruction, wrong interpretation of words 9r things; a misttking of the true n;eaning STY 436 SUA *obstupefac'tion, n. stu'pefy, v. stu'pid, a. obstupefac'tive, a. stu'pefier, n. stu'pidly, ad. tfstupen'dous, a. stupefying, a. stu'pidness, n. stupen'dously, ad. stupefac'tion, n. stupid'ity, n. stupen'dousness, n. stupefac'tive, a. & n. stu'por, n. STYL-OS ('UXU06), a pillar or column, a sharp-pointed tron pencil; a style or manner of speaking or writing. tpen'tastyle, n. lsty'let, n. **sub'style, n. slyle, n. & v. [lsty'liform, a. substy'lar, a. styled, a. ~sty'loid, a. tftsystyle', n. S'rYPH-O (-ruqw), to astringe, to thicken, to slop bleedingstyp'tic, a. & n. styp'tical, a. styptic'ity, it. STYX, styg-is, f. 3. (baud), a fountain of Arcadia. ~ Styx, n. styg'ian, a. SUAD-EO, suasum, v. 2. to advise: as, assuage', to soften, to mitigate; dissuade', to advise against. assuage', v. impersua'sible, a. persuasibil'ity, n. assua~ged, a. mispersuade', v. persua'sion, n. assuag'er, n. mispersua'sion, n. persua'sive, a. assuag'ing, a. persuade', v. persua'sively, ad. assua'sive, a. persua'ded, a. persua'siveness, n. dissuade', v. persua'der, n. persua'sory, a. dissua'ded, a. persua'dable, a. sua'sible, a. dissua'der, n. persua'dably, ad. sua'sion, n. dissua'ding, a. persua'ding, a. & n. sua'sive, a. dissua'sion, n. persua'sible, a. sua'sory, a. dissua'sive, a. & n. persua'sibleness, n. unpersua'dable, a. Svav-rs, a. sweet to the senses or to the mind. * Obstupefaction, Stupefaction, the act of rendering stupid or insensible. t Stupendous, literally, striking dumb by its magnitude; —hence, astonishing, wonderful, amazing; particularly, of astonishing magnitude or elevation; —as, a stupendous pile, edifice, mountain, bridge, &c. t Pentastyle, in architecture, a work containing five rows of columns ~ Stylet, a small poniard or dagger. I' Stylifbrm, like a style, pin, or pen. ~ Styloid, having some resemblanceto a style or pen. ** Substyle, in dialling, the line on which the gnomon stands. tt Systyle, in architecture, the manner of placing columns, where the place between the two shafts consists of two diameters or four modules. IS Styx, a poisonous or deadly river, issuing from a rock in Arcadia, fabled by the ancient poets to be a river of hell, over which the shades of the dead passed; or the region of the dead,-hence, hellish, infernal By means of it Alexander the Great is said io have been poisoned. —Plin. xxx. Curt. x. 10, 16. Plutarch. Pausan. viii. 18. N Persuade, to influence by argument, advice, intreaty, or expostulation; to draw or incline the will to a determination, by presenting motives to tlE' mind to convince by argument or reasons offered. SUB 437 SUE insuav'ity, n. sweet'ener, n. sweet'ly, ad. suav'ity, n. sweet'ening, a. sweet'ness;in. sweet, a. & n. sweet'heart, n. sweet'meat, n. sweet'en, v. sweet'ish, a. sweet'scented, a. sweet'ened, a. sweet'ishness, n. sweet'smelling, a, SUBER, n. 3. cork-su'beric, a. su'berous, a. SUBL1M-is, a. (q. supra limum?) exalted, lofty, high.' sublime', a. n. & v. sublime'ness, n. *sub'limate, a. & v. subli'med, a. sublim'ity, n. sub'limated, a. subli'ming, a. subli'mable, a. sub'limating, a. sublime'ly, ad. subli'mableness, n. sublirna'tion, n. SUBTIL —Is, a. (sub & tela, f. 1. a web, a work, a texo, v. 3. to weave), thin, fine, acute; sly, cunning, artful. sub'tile, or sub'tileness, n. subtilia'tion, n. subt'le, a. sub'tilety, or sub'tilize, v. sub'tilely, or subt'lety, n. subtiliza'tion, n. subt'lely, ad. tsubtil'iate, v. supersubt'le, a. SUCCIN-U-M, n. 2. amber: as, succin'ic, suc'cinous, of amber — Tsuc'cinated, a. succin'ic, a. suc'cinous, a. SUD-o, sudatum, v. 1. to sweat or emit any moisture: as desuda'tion, exsuda'tion, or suda'tion, a sweating. desuda'tion, n. exu'ding, a. sweat'er, n. exsude', or resuda'tion, n. sweat'ing, a. exude', v. {su'dary, n. sweat'y, a. exu'date, v. suda'tion, n. sweat'iness, exsuda'tion, or l1su'datory, n. & a. **transude', v. exuda'tion, n. ~sudorif'ic, a. & n. transu'ding, a. exsu'ded, or su'dorous, a. transuda'tion, n. exu'ded, a. sweat, n. & v. transu'datory, a. exsu'ding, or SUE-o, suetum, v. 2. to use, to be in use, to be accustomed. * Sublimate, to bring a solid substance into the state of vapour by heat, which, on cooling, returns again to the solid state; to refine and exalt, to heighten, to elevate. Sublimation bears the same relation to asolid, that distillation does to a liquid. t Subtiliate, Subtilize, to make thin or fine, to refine; to spin into niceties, to refine in argument. t Succinated, impregnated with the acid of amber. ~ Sudary, a napkin or handkerchief. 1I Sudatory, sweating; also, a hot-house, a sweating bath. - Sudorijlc, causing sweat; also, a medicine that produces perspiration. ** Transude, to pass through the pores or interstices of texture, as perspirablo matter or other fluid,-as, liquor may transude through leather, or throug wood SUF 438 SUL *assuefac'tion, n. tcon'suetude, n. ~consuetu'dinary, n. }as suetude, n. consuetu'dinal, a. Ides'uetude, n. SIUFFRAGI-UA, n. 2. a vote: as, suf fragate, to vote with. suf:frage, n. suf fragator, n. **suf fragant, n. suf fragate, v. ~suffiragan, n. & a. SUGILL-O, v. 1. to make livid by a blow or bruise; to defame —tsug'il, v. sug'illate, v. sugilla'tion, n. SuG-o, Suctum, v. 3. to suck or draw in: as, suc'tion, a sucking. exsuc'tion, n. suck'er, n. suc'tion, n. exuctcous, a. suck'ing, a. suc'culent, a. san'guisuge, n. suck'le, v. suc'culency, n. suck, v. & n. suck'led, a. succif'erous, a. suck'ed, a. suck'ling, a. & n.:tsuges'cent, a. SuI, pron. of one's self-su'icide, n. suici'dal, a. SuLc-us, m. 2. a furrow. P~sul'cate, a. llltrisulc', n. ~~trisul'cate, a. sul'cated, or SULPHUR, n. 3. brimstone. ***sul'phur, n. sul'phurous, a. sulphu'reousness, n. sul'phurate, a. & v, sulphura'tion, n. sul'phury, a. sul'phurated, a. sulphu'reous, a. supersul'phate, n. tttsul'phuretted, a. sulphu'reously, ad. tttsupersul'phuretted,a sul'phuric, a. SULTAN (vBW, iHeb. to rule), the Turkish emperor. ~O~sul'tan, n. sulta'na, or sul'taness, n. llllIsul'tanry, n. * Assuefaction, the act of accustoming. t Assuetude, custom, habit, habitual, use. Consuetude, custom,, usage. * Consuetudinary, a ritual of monastic forms and customs. I Desuetude, the cessation of use; disuse; discontinuance of practice, custom, or fashion. Habit is acquired by practice, and lost by desuetude. ~ Suffragan, assisting; also, a bishop considered as an assistant to his metro politan; or rather an assistant bishop. ** Sufragant, an assistant, a favourer. t Sugil, to defame: Sugillate, to beat black and blue. tt Sugescent, relating to sucking. ~ Sulcate, Sulcated, in botany, furrowed, grooved, scored. IIIl Trisulc, something having three points. ~~ Trisulcate, having three points or forks. *** Sulphur, a simple combustible, mineral substance, of a yellow colour, brittle, insoluble in water, but fusible by heat. ft Sutlphuretted, applied to gaseous bodies holding sulphur in solution. Itt Supersulphuretted, combined with an excess of sulphur. ~$ Sultan. an appellation given to the emperor of the Turks, denoting ruler or commander Ulili Sultanry, the domirnons of a Sultan; an eastern empire. SUM 439 SUM{ SUTMMA, f 1. (a summus, a. highest), a sum, the whoe or chief part of any thing. *con'summate, v. inconsum'mate, a. sum'med, a. con'summated, a. inconsum'mateness, n. sum'mer, n. con'summating, a. tsum, n. & v. sum'ming, n. consum'mate, a. sum'less, a., sum'mit, n. consum'mately, ad. tsum'mary, a. & n. unconsum'mate, a. consumma'tion, n. sum'marily, ad. SGUM-o, sumptum, v.'3. to take: as, assume', to take to or upon one; consume', to take up, to destroy, to waste; resume', to take back, to begin again. assume', v. inconsump'tible, a. resu'med, a. assu'med,- a. ~insume', v. resu'ming, a. assu'mer, n. introsume', v. resuemable, a. assu'ming, a. & n. **presume', v. resump'tion, n. lassump'sit, n. presu'med, a. resump'tive, a. assump'tion, n. presu'mer, n. self-assu'med, a. assump'tive, a. presu'mable, a. self-consu'ming, a co-assume', v. presu'mably, ad. subsume', v. consu'mable, a. presu'ming, a. sump'tion, n. consume', v. presump'tion, n. ttsump'tuary, a. consu'med, a. presump'tive, a. ttsump'tuous, a. consu'mer, n. presump'tively, ad. sump'tuously, ad. consu'ming, a. presumptuous, a. sump'tuousness, n. consump'tion, n. presump'tuously, ad. sumptuos'ity, n. consump'tionary, a. presump'tuousness,n.l ltransume', v. - consump'tive, a. reassume', v. transump'tion, n. consump'tively, ad. reassu'med, a. unassu'ming, a. consumip'tiveness, n. reassu'ming, a. u.lconsutmed, a. tldesume', v. reassump'tion, n. unpresump'tuous, a. inconsu'mable,- a. resume', v. * Con'summate, v. Consum'mate, a. to end, to finish; to perfect, to bring oi carry to the utmost point or degree; summing up together, complete, perfect carried to the utmost extent or degree. t Sum, the whole, amount, or aggregate of numbers added. tSummary, reduced into narrow compass, or into few words; short, brief. concise, compendious; also, an abridged account, an abstract, abridgment, or compendium, containing the sum or substance of a fuller account. O Assumpsit, in law, a promise or undertaking founded on a consideration. This promise may be verbal or written. II Desume, to take from, to borrow. ~l Insume, Introsume, to take or suck in. ** Presume, literally, to take before, to take or suppose to be true or entitled to belief, without examination or positive proof, or on the strength of probability; to venture without positive permission. ft Sumptuary, relating to expense. tt Sumptuous, costly, expensive; hence splendid, magnificent. ~ Transume, to take from one to another. 39 SUP 440 SUR SUPER, prep. (6iese), above or high: SUPERIOR, a. higher, SUPREM-US, a..highest. inexu'perable, a su'perable, a. supe'rior, a. & n.'insu'perable. a. su'perably, ad. superior'ity, n. insu'perably, ad. su'perableness, n. Tfsuper'lative, a. insu'perableness, n. Isuperb', a. super'latively, ad. insxtperabil'ity, n. superb'ly, ad. super'lativeness, X.?uv'eran, or {supercil'iary, a. **supern'al, a. Tsov'ereign, a. & n. Ifsupercil'ious, a. Sfsupreme', a. sov'ereignly, ad. supercil'iously, ad. supreme'ly, ad. sov'ereignize, v. supercil'iousness, n. suprem'acy, n. sov'ereignty, n. SuPNre-uS, a. lying with the face upwards; negligent. jtresu'pine, a. supina'tion, n. supine', a. O{resu'pinate, a. illlsupina'tor, n. supine'ly, ad. resupina'tion, n. ~~su'pine, n. supine'ness, n. SURe-, f. the calf of the legsu'ral, a. SURCUL-vU, m.. 2. a young twig or shoot- ***sur',le, n. SURD-US, a. deaf —ttabsurd', a. absurdly, ad. absurd'ness, n. absurd'ity, n. TItsurd, a. & n. SURG-O, surrectum, v. 3. (sub & rego), to rise or lift up. f.{assur'gent, a. Hllllinsurg'ent, n a. a. insurrec'tion, n. * Insuperable, that cannot be overcome or surmounted, or be passed over This vword is applied chiefly to difficuties, objections, obstacles, or impediments. t Sovereign, supreme in power; a supreme lord or ruler; also, a gold coin value 20s. Superb, grand, magnificent; rich, elegant; showy, pompous; rich, splendid august, stately. Q Superciliary, being above the eye-brow. Ij Supercilious, literally, being above the eyebrow; lofty with pride; haughty,ictatorial, overbearing; manifesting haughtiness, or proceeding fronm it. ~ Superlative, highest in degree; most eminent; surpassing all other. ** Supernal, relating to things above. tt Supreme, highest in authority; highest, greatest.' Pesupine, lying on the back. %iS Resiipinate; in botany, reversed; turned upside down. 1111 Supinator, in anatomy, a muscle that turns the palm of the hand upward ~Ti Supine, in grammar, a word formed from a verb, or a modification of a verb. ***Surcle, a little shoot, a twig, a sucker. tti Absurd, opposed to manifest truth; inconsistent with reason, or the plain dictates of common sense. ltf Surd, deaf, unheard; in Algebra, a quantity whose root cannot be exactly expressed in numbers. Thus. 2 is a surd number, because there is no number, which, multiplied into itself, will exactly produce 2. - Assurgent, rising upwards in an arch. Il111 Insurgent, rising in opposition to lawful, civil or political authority; also, trie person that does so. An insurgent differs from a rebel The insurgent opposes the execution of a particular law or laws; the rebel attempts to over4trow or change the government, or he revolts and attempts to place it undet smother jurisdiction. All rebels are insurgents, but all insutrgents are not rebels SUS 441 TAB insurrec'tional, a. resurrec'tionist, n. surge'less, a. insurrec'tionary, ai. source, n. surg'y, a. resurrec'tion, n. *surge, n. & v. surg-'ing, a SUsURR-US, m. 2. a whisper-susurra'tion, n. SUT-US, p. p. (a suo, v. 3. to sew or stitch), sewed or stillc ed-tsou'ter, n. $su'tile, a. ~su'ture, n. SYBAR-IS, f. 3. an ancient town in the south of Italy. 1sybarit'ic, a. sybarit'ical, a. SYc-os (Ouxog), a fi. ~~syc'amore, u. syc'ophancy, or sycophant'ic, a. **syc'ite, n. syc'ophantry, n. syc'ophantize, v. ftsyc'ophant, n. & v. SYL-E (vuX1, i Ouxaow, to plunder), spoil-j-asy'lum, n. SYLV-A, f. 1. a wood —-Syl'van, a. & n. (See Silva.) SYPHON (aqpwJv), a tube; a pipe-sy'phon, or si'phon, n. SYRIGX, syring-os (auvgy, du7yyo5), a reed or pipe. i.{syrin'ga, n. Illsyr'inge, n. & v. syringot'omy, n. T. TABERN-A, f. 1. a shop or shed, a house or dwelling made of boards, a tent. * Surge, a large wave or billow; a great rolling swel of water. t Souter, a shoemaker or cobbler. t Sutile, done by stitchitlb.' Suture, the sewing of a wound; the seam or joint which unites the botne of the skull; or the peculiar articulation or connection of those bones. II Sybaritic, belonging to the Sybarite, or inhabitants of Sybaris, a town in Italy, who were proverbially voluptuous; hence, luxurious, wanton. ~ Sycamore. a species of fig-tree. **gSycite, 7g-stone, —a name given to nodules of flint or pebbles, which resembie a fig. ft Sycophant, originally, an informer against those who-stole figs, or exported them contrary to law, &c. Hence, in time, it came to signify a tale-bearer or informer, in general; hence, a parasite; a mean flatterer; especially a flatterer ot princes and great men; hence, a deceiver, an impostor. Its most general use is in the sense of an obsequious flatterer or parasite. tt Asylum, a sanctuary, or place of refuge, where criminals and debtors shelter themselves from justice, and from which they cannot be taken without sacrilege. Temples and altars were anciently asylums; as were tombs, statues, and monuments. The ancient heathens allowed asylums for the protection of the vilest cri7ninals; and the Jews had their cities of refuge.-Josh. xx. 7 to 9 Any place of retreat and security. X Syringa, a genus of plants, the lilac. 11ll Syringe, an instrument for injecting liquids into animal bodies, &c.; or an instrument in the form of a paumnp, serving to imbibe any fluid, and then to expel it with fobrce. TAB 442 TAC *tab'ernacle, n. & v. tav'erner, or tav'ernman, n1. tabernac'ular, a. ttav'erning, n. tav'ern-haunter, Ftav'ern, n. tav'ern-keeper, n. TAB-Es, f 3. a wasting disease, a consumption. Etab'efy,' v. Iltab'id, a. tabes'cent, a. tabefac'tion, n. tab'idness, n. tab'itude, n. TABUL —., f. 1. a board or plank, a table: as, contab'ulate to floor with boards. contab'ulate, v. ta'ble-beer, n. ta'bling, a. & n. contabula'tion, n. ta'ble-cloth, n. tab'ular, a. ~tab'lature, n. ta'ble-talk, n. tab'ulate, v. ta'ble, n. & v. ta'bler, n. tab'ulated, a. ta'bled, a. **ta'blet, n. TACE-O, taciturn, v. 2. to be silent, to hold one's peace. ttret'icence, or ta'cet, n. tac'iturn, n. ret'icency, n. 0{tac'it, a. Illltaciturn'ity, n. ISta'ce, n.' tac'itly, ad. TACHYS ('acXug), swift, rapid, quickl-T~Ttachyg'raphy, n. TACT-OS (TaxTrog, 2& Tarw, to place in order), placed or pul in order, arranged. Tabernacle, among the Jews, a kind of tent to take up or down, as occasion required; which was as it were the palace of the Most High; the dwelling of the God of Israel; wherein the Israelites, during their journeyings in the wil. derness, performed the chief of their religious exercises, offered their sacrifices, and worshipped. It was 30 cubits long, and 10 in breadth and in height.. It was divided into two partitions. The first was called, THE HOLY PLACE, which was 20 cubits long, and 10 wide; here were placed the table of show-bread. the golden candlestick, and the golden altar of incense. The second was called THE MOST HOLY PLACE, whose length was 10 cubits, and breadth 10, wherein, before the building of the temple, the ark of the covenant was kept, which was a symbol of God's gracious presence with the Jewish Church. The MOST HO;Y was divided from the HOLY PLACE by a curtain or veil of very rich cloth.-Exod. xxvi. Heb. ix. 2, 3.-Cruden. A tent or pavilion, a temporary dwelling; a place of worship, a sacred place; our natural body, in which the soul lodges as in a tabernacle; the tokens of God's gracious presence. t Tavern, a house licensed to sell liquors in small quantities, to be drank on the spot.: Taverning, a feasting at taverns. ~ Tabefy, to waste gradually, to waste by disease, to lose flesh. II Tabtd, wasted by disease, consumptive. ~T Tablature, painting on walls and ceilings. ** Tablet, a small table or flat surface. et Reticence, Reticency, concealment by silence. In rhetoric, aposwpesis or suppression; a figure by which a person really speaks of a thing, while he lmakes a show as if he would say nothing on the subject. tt Tace, 7acet, a term used in Italian music, directing to be silent. ~ Tacit,' silent; implied, but not expressed. 1II 7aci2turnity, habitual silence or reserve in speaking. ~IT Tachygraphly, the art or practice of quick writing. (We now use steno graphy and shorf-hahd writing.) TAI 443 TAN %a'Ptaxy, n. Jtac'tics, n. tax'iarch, n. tsyn'tax, n. tac'tic, a. ljtax'idermy, n. syntac tic, a. tac'tical, a. tax'idermist, n. syntac'tical, a. tactici'an, n. -~taxon'omy, n. syntac'tically, ad. TAILL-ER, v. (Fr.) to cut; to deal: as, detail', a minute account; retail', selling in small portions. detail', n. & v. entail'er, ni. retail'ing, a. detailed, a. entailing, a. ttftail, n. detail'er, n. entail'ment, n. tai'lor, n. & v. detailing, a. retail', v. & n. tai'loress, n.**entail', n. & v. retail'ed, a. tai'loring, n. entail'ed, a. retailer, n. TAIN (Eng.) for TEN-EO, to hold. (See Teneo.) TALENT —USI, n. 2. (aXav-rov, a TaXayc, to bear), a talent. tttal'ent, n. tal'ented, a. TAL-fs, a. such, of this or that kind, like for like. H~retal'iate, v. retalia'tion, n. ~~tal'ly, n. & v. retal'iated, a. retal'iatory, a. tal'lying, a. retal'iating, a. [llta'lion, n. TALMUD or THALMUD (Chal. nmi, to teach), the book containing the Jewish traditions, the Rabbinical constitutions, and explications of the law. Tal'mud, or tal'mudic, a. tal'mudist, n. Thal'mud, n. talmu'dical, a. talmudist'ic, a. TANG-O, tactum, v. 3. to touch: as, con'tact, a touching, * Eutaxy, established order. t Syntax, in grammar, the construction of sentences; the due arrangement of words in sentences, according to established usage. A gross violation of the rules of syntax is a solecism. (See p. 410.) Tactics, the science and art of disposing military and naval forces in ordet for battle, encampments, &c. and performing military and naval evolutions.' The art of inventing and making machines for throwing darts, arrows, stones, and other missile weapons. S Taxiarch, an Athenian military officer commanding a taxis or battalion. II Taxidermy (a &epia, derma, skin), the art of preparing and preserving spe( i mens of animals. - Taxonomy, classification. ** Entail, the deed which grants a tail, or a limited right. t? Tail, in law, that right of possession, by which the possessor has not thie power of disposal. tt Talent, among the ancients, a weight and a coin, the value differing among different nations and ages. Among the Romans, the great talent is said to be ~ 99: 6: 8, and the little talent ~ 75 Sterling. Faculty, natural gift or endow merit; eminent abilities, superior genius; skill..~ Retaliate, to return like for like. IIII Talion, law of retaliation. ~~ Tally, a stick notched so as to fit another, —used in keeping accounts., aon:s TAN 444 TAN touch; contig'uous, touching; pertin'gent, reaching to tact'ile, that may be touched or felt. *attain', v. $contin'gent, a. & n. in'tegrally, ad. attain'able, a. contin'gently, ad. ~in'tegrate, v. attain'ableness, n. contin'gentness, n. in'tegrated, a. attai'ned, a. entire', or integration, n. attai'ning, a. intire', a. integ'rity, n. attain'ment, n. entire'ly, or pertin'gent, a. con'tact, n. intire'ly, ad. **redin'tegrate, v. & a contac'tion, n. entire'ness, or redin'tegrated, a..conta'gion, n. intire'ness, n. redin'tegrating, a. conta'gious, a. incontig'uous, a. redintegra'tion, n. conta'giousness, n. intact'ible, a. fttact, n. contigu'ity, n. intang'ible, a. tact'ile, a. contig'uous, a. intang'ibleness, n. tactil'ity, n. contig'uously, ad. intangibil'ity, n. tac'tion, n. contiguousness, n. {in'teger, n. Sttan'gent, n. contin'gence, or ljin'tegrant, a. tang'ible, a. contin'gency, n. in'tegral, a. & n. tangibil'ity, n. ~~TANTAL-US, m. 2. Tantalus, a king of Lydia or Phrygia. tan'talize, v. tan'talizer, n. tan'talizing, a. tan'talized, a. tantaliza'tion, n. tan'talism, n.'TANT-US, a. so great, so much, equivalent. lllLftant'afmount, a. * Attain, to come to or reach; to gain, to compass,-always followed by to'This word always implies an effort towards an object. Hence it is not synony mous with obtain and procure, which do not necessarily imply such effort. We procure or obtain a thing by purchase or loan, and we obtain by inheritance, but we do not attain it by such means. t Contagion, literally, a touch or touching. Hence, the communication of a disease by contact; or the matter communicated. The small-pox, measles, anginas, malignant fevers, are communicated by the breath of the diseased, by the perspiration, or other excretions. Ct Contingent, falling or coming by chance, that is, without design or expectattrn on our part; accidental, casual. 5 Integer, literally, not touched, the whole of any thing; a whole number, — opposed to a fraction. 11 Integrant, making part of a whole. ~ Integrate, to renew, to restore, to perfect, to make a thing entire. ** Redintegrate, to make whole again, to renew, to restore to a perfect state. tt Tact, touch, feeling; peculiar skill or faculty; nice perception or discernment. T$ Tangent, in geometry, a right line which touches a curve, but which, when produced, does not cut it. ~O Tantalus, in fable, was condemned for his crimes to perpetual hunger and thirst, in hell, with fbod and water near him, which he could not reach; hence, tantalize, to tease or torment, by presenting some good to the view, and exciting desire, but continually frustrating the expectations by keeping that good out oi rtace; to tease, to torment. till Tantamount, equal, equivalent in value or signification. TAP 445 TAX TAPES, et-is, m. 3. cloth wrought with figures of differeni colours, hangings-tap'estry, n. TAPH-OS (raqog, a 8aorw, to bury), a grave or tomb. *cen'otaph, n. epitaph'ian, a. unep'itaphed, a. tep'itaph, n. TARD-US, a. slow, dilatory: as, retard', to hinder in motion' tar'digrade, tar'digradous, slow-paced. retard', v. retarda'tion, n. tar'diness, n. retard'ed, a. retard'ment, n. tarda'tion, n. retard'er, n. tar'dy, a. & v. tar'digrade, or retard'ing, a. tar'dily, ad. tar'digradous, a. TARGUM (anuln, interpretation, Heb.) a paraphrase on Scrzp ture in the Chaldee language. ttar'gum, n. tar'gumist, n. TARTAR —US, m. 2. hell. tar'tar, n. tarta'reous, or tarta'rean, a. TAST-ER' for TATER, V. (Fr.) to try by the mouth, to feel as, distaste', aversion to taste, a disrelish, dislike. distaste', v. S& rn. taste, v. & n. taste'fully, ad. dista'sted, a. ta'sted, a. taste'less, a. distaste'ful, a. ta'ster, n. taste'lessness, n. distaste'fulness, n. ta'sting, a. & n. unta'sted, a. dista'sting, a. ta'sty, a. unta'sting, a. dista'stive, a. ta'stily, ad. untaste'ful, a. inta'stable, a. taste'ful, a. untaste'fully, ad. ta'stable, a. TAUR-Us, m. 2. a bull. 5taur'us, n. taur'icornous, a. taur'iform, a. TAUT-OS (eraurog), the same. tautol'ogy, n. tautolog'ic, a. tautol'ogize, v. tautol'ogist, n. tautolog'ical, a. tautoph'ony, n. TAx-o, v. 1. (a tango), to tax, to assess, to charge. * Cenotaph (a Kevoe, cenos, empty), an empty tomb erected in honour of some deceased person, who is buried elsewhere. t Epitaph, an inscription on a monument, in honour or memory of the dead a eulogy, in prose or verse. t hargoum, a translation or paraphrase of the Sacred Scriptures in the Chaldee language or dialect. Of these the'argum of Jonathan, and that 6f Onkelos, are held in most esteem.by the Jews. T'aurus, the bull; one of the twelve signs of the Zodiac, and the second In order, or that next to Ariies. This constellation, according to the British cata logue, contains 141 stars. TEC 446 TEG tax, n. & v. tax'ed, a. tax'ing, n. & a. t-x'able, a. tax'er,i n. untax'ed, a. taxa'tion, n. TECHN-E (TsXVi, a.~UXw, to fabricate or make), an art ot science: as, tech'nic, belonging to art or the arts. Apolytechnic, a. pyrotech'nist, n. tech'nicalness; n. pyrotech'nics, or ttech'nics, n. technical'ity, n. pyr'otechny, n. tech'nic, a. technol'ogy, n. pyrotech'nic, a. tech'nical, a. technol'ogist, n. pyrotech'nical, a. tech'nically, ad. technolog'ical, a. rECTON (qsx,-wv, A ersxw, to invent or bring forth), an artist; one who fabricates or produces any work. archar'chitect, n. Qar'chitecture, n. Ilarchitecton'ics, n. tar'chitect, n. architect'ura!, a. ~Iarchitectoen'ic, a. architect'ress, n architect'ive, a. **tecton'ic, a. TEDI-UJI for T.DI_-u.r, n. 2. weariness, irksomeness. overte'dious, a. te'diously, ad. te'dium, n. te'dious, a. te'diousness, n. rEG-o, tectum, v. 3. to cover: as, detect', to uncover, to discover; protect', to cover or shield from danger, tW, defend. detect', v. ftintegusma'tion, n. protect'or, n. detect'ed, a. protect', v. protecto'rial, a. detect'er, n. protected, a. proteclt'ress, n. detect'ing, a. protect'ing, a. {{protect'orate, n. detec'tion, n. protec'tion, n. Illlprotect'orship, n. ttinteg'ument, n. protect'ive, a. retec'tion, n. * Polytechnic, denoting or comprehending many arts. t Tehnich, the doctrine of arts in general; such branches of learning as respect the arts. t Architect, a person skilled in the art of trilZl.ing; one who tnderstands architecture, or makes it- his occupation to form plans and designs of buildings, and superintend the artificers employed; a contriver; a former or maker. Architecture, the art of buildiing; but in a more limited and appropriate sense, the art of constructing houses, bridges, and other buildings, fbr the purposes of civil life; frame or structure.-Military architecture is the art of fortification; Naval architecture is the art of building ships. II Architectonics, the science of architecture. ~ Architectonic, that has power or skill to build. +* Tectonic, pertaining to building. tt Integument, Tegument, a cover or covering; that which naturally tnvests. or covers another thing; but appropriately and chiefly, in anatomy, the covering of a living body,-as the skin, &c. The skin of seeds, and the shells of crustaceous animals, are denominated integuments.tf Integumation, that part of physiology which treats of the integuments of unimais and plants.. t Protectorate, government by a protector. 11I Protectorship, the office of a protector or regent. TEL 447 TEM fteg'ular, a. teg'ument, n. undetect'ed, a. teg'ula~ly, ad. tegument'ary, a. unprotect'ed, a. TEL-os (rsXo5), the end, a limit, distance. ttel'egraph, n. telescope, n. telescop'ical, a. telegraph'ic, a. telescop'ic, a. -tteles'tic, n. tteleol'ogy, n. TErMERE, adv. rashly, thoughtlessly, heedlessly. temera'rious, a. temerity, n. intem'erateness, ft. temera'riously, ad. TEMN-O, temptum, v. 3. to despise, to slight or scorn. contemn', v. contempt', n. contempt'uously, ad contem'ned, a. contempt'ible, a. contempt'tuousness, n contem'ner, n. contempt'ibleness, n. uncontem'ned, a. contem'ning, a. contemptuous, a. TEMPER-O, V. 1. to temper, mix, regulate, or moderate: as, contem'per, to moderate. Ilattem'per, v. distem'perature, n. temperament, n. attem.'pered, a. distempering, a. temperament'al, a. attem'perate, a. intem'perament, n. temperance, n. attem'pering, a. intem'perance, n. **temperate, a. contem'per, v. intemperate, a. & v. temperately, ad. contem'perament, n. intem'perately, ad. temperateness, n. contem'perate, v. intem'perateness, n. tem'perative, a. contempera'tion, n. intem'perature, n. tftem'perature, n. ~1distem'per, n. & v. mistem'per, v. tempered, a. distem'pered, a. mistempered, a. tempering, a. distem'perance, n. obtem'perate, v. undistem'pered, a. distenm'perate, a. tem'per, n. & v. untem'pered, a. TIEMPL-Ux, n. 2. a temple-temple, n. (See Contemplor.) * Tenlar, pertaining to a tile. t Teleg-raph, a machine or instrument for communicating intelligence ornom a distance by various signals or movements previously agreed on. It was invented by the French about the year 1793 or 1794, and is now adopted by ottier nations. I Teleology, the science of thte final caltses of things. i Telestic, a poem in which the fJinal letters of the lines make a name. II Attemper, to reduce, modify, or moderate by mixture; to soften, mollify, or moderate; to mix in just proportion, to regulate. I Distemper, literally, an undue or unnatural temper, or disproportionate mix. ture of parts,-hence, disease, malady. It is used of the slighter diseases, but not exclusively. In general, it is synonymous with disease, and is particularly applied to the diseases of brutes; bad constitution of mind. ** Temperate, moderate in the indulgence of the appetites and passions; cool, calm, not violent. ft Temperature, iln physics. the state of a body with regard to heat or cold, as indicated by the thermometer; or the degree of free caloric which a body possesses, when compared with other bodies; constitution, state, degree of any quality. TEM 448 TEN TFcMPUS, 6r-is, n. 3. time: as, cotem'porary, living at the same time; temporize, to comply with, br yield to the time; tense, time. contempora'neous, a. $tem'pest, n. & v. tem'poriness, n. cotempora'neouis,,a. tem'pest-beaten, a. temporize, v. contemporary, or tem'pest-tost, a. tem'porizer, n. cotem'porary,:a. & n. tempest'ive, a. temporiza'tion, n. contem'porise, v. tempest'ively, ad. temporizing, a. %extem'poral, a. tempest'uous, a. tense, a. extem'porally, ad. tempest'uously, ad. time, n. & v. extempora'nean, or tempest'uousness, n. time'ful, a. extempora'neous, a. &tem'poral, a. time'less, a. extempora'neously, ad. tem'porally, ad. time'ly, a. & ad. extem'porary, a. temrporalness, ni time'liness, n. extem'porarily, ad. Iltem'porals, or **time'keeper, n. extem'poriness, n. tem'poralities, n. time'piece, n. extem'pore, ad. tem'poralty, n. time'pleaser, n. extemporize, v. tempora'nean, a. time'server, n. extem'porizer, n. tempora'neous, a. time'serving, a. & n. extem'porizing, a. tempora'neously, ad. time'worn, a. fintempest'ive, a. ~tem'porary, a. ti'mous, a. intempest'ively, ad. tem'porarily, ad. ti'mously, ad. intempestiv'ity, n. temporariness, n. untime'ly, a. & ad. TEND-O, tensum, v. 3. to stretch, to go, to strive: as, atten'tion, a stretching towards; contend', to strive; distend', to stretch or spread in all directions; extend', to stretch out. f+attend', v. attend'ance, n. attent', a. attend'ed, a. attend'ant, a. & n. atten'tion, n. attend'er, n. attend'ing, a. attentive, a. * Extemporal, Extemporaneous, Extemporary, or Extempore, made or uttered out of, or at the time, or without premeditation or previous study. t Intempestive, untimely, unseasonable. t Tempest, literally, time; an extensive current of wind rushing with great ~velocity and violence; a storm of extreme violence,-usually applied to a steady wind of long continuance; but we say also of a tornado, it blew.a tempest. The currents of wind are named, according to their respective degrees of force or rapidity, a breeze, a gust, a gale, a storm, a tempest, a tornado, a hurricane; but gale is also used as synonymous with storm, and storm with tempest. Gust is usually applied to a sudden blast of short duration. Hucrricane is the most violent storm of wind. A tempest may or may not be attended with rain, snow, or hail. Also, a violent tumult or commotion; perturbation, violent agitation. * Temporal, pertaining to this life or world, or the body oily; secular,opposed to spiritual, eccle.iastical, and eternal. Also, belonging to a tense; also, pertaining to the temple or temples of the head. II Temporals, Temporalities, secular possessions; revenues of an ecclesiastic proceeding from lands, tenements, or lay fees, tithes, and the like,-opposed to sapiritualities. I~ Temporary, lasting for a time only. ** Time-keeper, or Time-pwece, a clock, watch, or other chronometer. It Attend, to stretch to or towards, to regard, to listen, to fix the mind on; to go with or accompany; to await, to wait on. TEN 449 TEN attent'ively, ad. evxtens'ibleness, n. intent'ness, n. attentiveness, n. extensibil'ity, n. inten'tion, n. co-extend', v. extens'ile, a. inten'tional, a. co-extend'ed, a. exten'sion, n. inten'tionally, ad. co-extend'ing, a. exten'sional, a. inten'tioned, a. co-exten'sion, n. extens'ive, a. intent'ive, a. co-extens'ive, a. extens'ively, ad. intent'ively, ad. co-extens'iveness, n. extens'iveness, n. intent'iveness, n. contend', v. ftextens'or, n. misattend', v. contend'ed, a. lextent', a. & n. ~Tobtend', v. *contend'ent, n. ill-inten'tioned, a. obten'sion, n. contend'er, n. inatten'tion, n. **ostens'ible, a. contend'ing, a. inattent'ive, a. ostenstibly, ad. conten'tion, n. inattent'ively, ad. ostensibil'ity, n. conten'tious, a. intend', v. ostens'ive, a. conten'tiously, ad. intend'ed, a. ostent', n. conten'tiousness, n. intend'er, n. ostent'ate, v. distend', v. intend'edly, ad. ostenta'tion, n. distend'ed, a. intend'ent, n. ostenta'tor, n. distend'ing, a. - intend'ing, a. ftostenta'tious, a. distens'ible, a. intend'ment, n. ostenta'tiously, ans. distensibil'ity, n. Ilintense', a. ostenta'tiousness. n disten'tion, n. intense'ly, ad. ostent'ous, a. extend', v. intense'ness, n. Itportend', v. extend'ed, a. inten'sion, n. portend'ed, a. extend'er, n. intens'ity, n. portend'ing,' extend'ible, a. intens'ive, a. porten'sion, n. extend'ing, a. intens'ively, ad. portent', n. extend'lessness, n. intent', a. & n. Illtportent'ous, a. extens'ible, a. intent'ly, ad. 1~~Ipretend', v. * Contendent, an antagonist or opposer. t Extensor, in anatomy, a muscle which serves to extend or straiten any part of the body, as an arm or a finger,-opposed to flexor. t Extent, space or degree to which a thing is extended; hence, compass, bulk sz2e; length. In law, a writ of execution or extendi facias, commanding a sheriff to value the lands of the debtor, or the act of doing so. ~ Intend, to stretch; to mean, to design, to purpose; that is, to stretch apd set forward in mind, to fix the mind on. II Intense, stretched, strained; hence, very close, strict, as when the mind is fixed or bent on a particular subject; raised to a high degree, violent; -sehe. ment, ardent; kept on the stretch,-opposed to remiss. ~ Obtend, to stretch against,.to oppose. ** Ostensible, that may be shown; plausible; appearing, seeming, shownl, declared, or avowed. it Ostentatious, making a display from vanity, boastfill; showy, gaudy. It-Portend, to foreshow, to foretoken. % Portent, an omen of ill, any previous sign or prodigy indicating the ap proach of evil or calamity. Illl Portentous, ominous, foreshowing ill; monstrous,- prodigious, wonderful. I1 ~ Pretend, to reach or stretch forward; to hold out as a false appearance; to show hypocritically; to put in a claim, truly or falsely. TEN 450 TEN pretend'ed, a. superintend'ing, a. tent'ed, a. pretend'edly, ad. **tend', v. ftltent'er, n. & v. pretend'er, n. tend'ed, a. tent'ered, a. pretend'ing, a. tend'ence, n. - tent'ering, a. pretend'ingly, ad. tttend'ency, n. tent'ory, n. *pretense', n. - tend'ing, a. & n. untend', v. t preten'sion, n. tend'inous, a. unattend'ed, a. pretens'ed, a. Ittend'er, n. & v. unattend'ing, a. tprotend', v. tend'ered, a. uncontend'ed, a. protend'ed, a. tend'ering, a. uncontend'ing, a. protend'ing, a. 0 tend'on, n. undistend'ed, a. Qsubtend', v. tend'ril, n. & a. unextend'ed, a. subtend'ed, a. tenes'mus, n. unintend'ed, a. subtend'ing, a. i1~~tense, a. & n. uninten'tional, a. lisubtense', n. tense'ness, n. uninten'tionally, ad ~superintend', v. tens'ible, a. unostenta'tious, a. superintend'ed, a. tens'ile, a. unpretend'ing, a. superintend'ence, n. ten'sion, n. untend'ed, a. superintend'ency, n. tens'ive, a. untent', v. superintend'ent, n. ***tens'or, n. untent'ed, a. & a. tfftftent, n. & v. TENEBR —.E, 1. darkness, gloominess. Ill llobtenebra'tion, n. ~~~1Ttene'brious, a. ~~~tlftene'brous, a. tenebricose', a. tenebros'ity, n. tene'brousness, n. TEN-EO, tentum, v. 2. (-sIv0), to hold: as, abstain', to hold from; appertain', or pertain', to belyng; contain', to hold; contin'ue, to abide, to last; detain', to hold from; * Pretense, a holding out or offering to others something false or feigned. t Pretension, claimr, true or false. $ Protend, to hold out, to stretch forth.. Subtend, to extend under. II Subtense, the chord of an arch or arc. ~ Superintend, to have or exercise the charge and oversight of; to oversee with the power of direction. ** Tend, to watch or guard, to take care of; to move in a certain direction, to aim at; to contribute. tt.'tendencv, a stretching, drift, direction, or course towards any place, object, effect, or result. $ Tender, to offer in words, to offer in payment or satisfaction. 6$ Tendon, in anatomy, a hard insensible cord or bundle of fibres, by which a muscle is attached to a bone.'~ Tense, stretched, strained to stiffiess; rigid, not lax. *~] Tensor, in anatomy, a muscle that extends or stretches apart. tt- 7ent, a thing stretched, a pavilion or portable lodge, consisting of skins, canvass or other coarse cloth, stretched and sustained by poles, to dwell il. t4t Tenter, a hook for stretching cloth on a frame. t~ 7Tentory, the awning of a ten2t. "Iltl Obtenebration, a darkening, darkness. T~~~ Tenebrous 6r T'enebrious, dark, gloomy. TEN 451 T'EN obtain', to get, to gain; retain', to hold or keep back i ten'able, that may be held. abstain', v. lcon'tinence, n. **dete,2t', n. abstain'ed, a. con'tinency, n. deten tion, n. abstain'ing, a. & n. con'tinent, a. & n. ~det'inue, n. abste'mious, a. coa'tinently, ad. discontent', a. v. & n. abste'mniously, ad. continent'al, a. discontent'ed, a. abste'miousness, n. contin'ue, v. discontent'edly, ad. ab'stinence, n. contin'ued, a. discontent'edness, IL ab'stinent, a. contin'uedly, ad. discontentving, a. ab'stinently, ad. contin'uer, n. discontent'ment, n. appertain', v. contin'uing, a. discontinue, v. appertain'ed, a. contin'ual, a. discontinued, a. appertain'ing, a. continually, ad. discontin'uer, n. appertain'ment, n. contin'ualness, n. discontin'uing, a. apper'tenence, or contin'uance, n. discontin'uance, n. appur'tenance, n. contin'uate, v. & a. discontinua'tion, n. apper'tinent, or continua'tion, n. discontin'uous, a. appur'tenant, a. & n. contin'uative, n. discontinuity, n. contain', v. continua'tor, n. discoun'tenance, v. contain'ed, a. continu'ity, n. & n. contain'able, a. contin'uous, a. discoun'tenanced, a. contain'ing, a. Ilcoun'tenance, n. & v. discoun'tenancer, n. *conten'ement, n. coun'tenanced, a. discoun'tenancing, n7 fcon'tent, n. coun'tenancer, n. ttentertain', v. Icontent', a. v. & n. coun'tenancing, a. entertain'ed, a. content'ed, a. detain', v. entertain'ing, a. & n. content'edly, ad. detain'ed, a. entertain'ingly, ad. content'edness, n. detain'er, n. entertain'ment, n. content'ful, a. ~detaind'er. n. ttimper'tinence, n. content'less, a. detain'ing, a. imper'tinency, n. content'ment, n. detain'ment- n. imper'tinent, a. & n. * Contenement, land, or freehold contiguous to a tenement. t Content, n. pi. Contents, that which is contained; the thing or things held, included or comprehended within a limit or line. I Content, a. literally, held, contained within limits;-hence, quiet, not disturbed, having a mind at peace, easy; satisfied, so as not to repine, object, or oppose. O Continence, restraint of desires and passions, chastity. 11 Countenance, literally, the contents of a body; the outline and extent of the whole figure or appearance; hence, the human face, the whole form of the ftce, or system of features; visage, air, look, aspect; favour, good-will, kinuness.' Detainder, Detinue, in law, a writ. ** Detent, a stop in a c-ock, which, by being lifted up or let down, locks and unlocks the clock in striking. tt Entertain, to receive into the house, and treat with hospitality; to amuse or instruct by discourse, &c.; to harbour, to cherish; to please, to amuse; to treat. ft Impertinence, that which is not pertinent, or does not belong to the subject in hand; rudeness, improper intrusion; interference by word or conduct, which is not consistent with the age or station of the person. 40 TEN 452 TEN traper'tinently, ad. pertain'ed, a. sustain', v. iucon'tinence, n. pertain'ing, a. sustai'ned, a. incon'tinency, n. tpertina'cious, a. sustai'ner, n. incontinent, a. & n. pertina'ciously, ad. sustai'nable, a. incontinently, ad. pertina'ciousness, n. sustai'ning, n. irretent'ive, a. pertinac'ity, n. sus'tenance, n. lieuten'ant, n. per'tinacy, n. sustenta'tion, n. lieuten'ancy, or per'tinence, n. ten'able, a. lieuten'antship, n. per'tinency, n. iltena'cious, a. *naintain', v. per'tinent, a. tena'ciously, ad. maintain'ed, a. per'tinently, ad. tena'ciousness, n, Inaintain'er, n. per'tinentness, n. tenac'ity, n. maintain'ing, a. pre-obtain', v. lten'ancy, n. maintain'able, a. pre-obtain'ed, a. ten'ant, n. & v. *main'tenance, n. pur'tenance, n. ten'anted, a. mal-content', a. & n. re-obtain', v. ten'anting, a. mal-content'ed, a. re-obtain'able, a. ten'antable, a. mal-content'edly, ad. re-obtain'ed, a. ten'antless, a. mal-content'edness, re-obtain'ing, a. **ten'antry, n. noun. retain', v. ttten'dril, n. & a. obtain', v. retain'ed, a. ttten'ement, n. obtai'ned, a. retai'ner, a. tenement'al, a. obtai'ner, n. retain'ing, a. tenement'ary, a. obtai'ning, a. reten'tion, n. 0Qten'et, n. obtai'nable, a. retent'ive, a. Illlten'on, n. obtain'ment, n. retent'iveness, n. ~~ITten'nis, n. & v. pertain', v. Oret'inue, n. ***ten'or, n. * Maintain, Maintenance. See p. 226.' Malcon.tent, a discontented subject of government; one who murmurs at the taws and administration, or who manifests his uneasiness by overt acts, as in sedition or insurrection. I Pertinacious, holding or adhering to any opinion, purpose, or design with obstinacy, obstinate.. Retinue, the attendants of a prince or distinguished personage, chiefly on a;ourney or an excursion; a train of persons. II Tenacious, holding fast, or inclined to hold fast; retentive, adhesive. IT Tenancy, in law, a holding or possession of lands or tenements; tenure. ** Tenantry, the body of tenants. ft Tendril, a clasp or clasper of a vine or other climbing or creeping plant., Tenement, a house, a building for a habitation, or an apartment in it; in.aw, any species of permanent property that may be held,-as, land, houses, rents, commons, an office, an advowson, a franchise, a right of common, a peerage, &c. These are called free or frank tenements. 60 Tenef, literally, he holds; any opinion, principle, dogma, or doctrine which a lerson holds, believes,,r maintains as true.,III Tenon, the end of a piece of timber, inserted for fastening two pieces of timber together. Its form is various, as, square, dovetailed, &c. ~~ Tennis, a play in which a ball is driven continually, or kept in motion by rackets. *** Tenor, continued run or currency, continuity of-state; stamp, character; spnse contained, general course or drift, general sense of a passage; in music, the natural pitch of a man's voice in singing,-called, the second part from the base. TEN 453 TER *teniure, n. unentertai'ning, a. unsustai'ned, a. tterre-ten'ant, or - unobtain'ed, a. unten'lable,.a. ter-ten'ant, n. unobtai'ning, a. unten'antable, a. uncontent'ed, a. unsustai'nable, a. unten'anted, a. underten'ant, n. TENT-O, tentatum, v. 1. (A teneo, or tendo), to try,'to assay to attack: as, attempt', to try; tenta'tion, or tent'ative. ca trial. attempt, v. & n. ttempt', v. tempt'ress, n. attempt'able, a. tempt'ed, a. tempta'tion, n. attempt'ed, a. tempt'able, a. tenta'tion, n. attempt'er, n. tempt'ing, a. tent'ative, a. & n. attempt'ing, a. tempt'ingly, ad. unattemp'ted, a. pretent'ative, a. tempt'er, n. untempt'ed, a. reattempt', v. TENU-IS, a. thin, slender, fine: as, atten'uate, to make thin or slender; atten'uant, making thin. atten'uate, v. & a. atten'uant, a. & n. extenua'tion, n. atten'uated, a. bexten'uate, v. & a. tenu'ity, n. atten'uating, a. exten.'uated, a. tenuifo'lious, a. attenua'tion, n. exten'uating, a. ten'uous, a. TxEPE-O, v. 2. to be warm or a little hot. tep'efy, v. tep'id, a. tepid'ity, n. tepefac'tion, n. tep'idness, n. te'por, n. TEREBINTH —O (rgegs~lvho.), the turpentine tree. jlter'ebinth, n. terebin'thinate, or terebin'thine, a. TEREBR-d, f. 1. a wimble, piercer, or gimblet. ~rperterebra'tion, n. **ter'ebrate, v. terebra'tion, n. TERGEMIN-US, a. triple: as, tergem'inous, threefold. tergem'inous, n. fTtergenm'inal, or tergem'inate, a. TERG-EO or TERG-O, tersum, v. 3. to make clean, to ipe: as, absterg'ent, cleansing; deterge', to cleanse, to puge away. * Tenure, the manner or condition on-which a thing is held. t Teri-e-tenant or Ter-tenant, one who has th.e actual possession of land; thle occupant. t Tempt, to incite or solicit to an evil act; to provoke, to incite, to solicit, 1( c1aw, (Without the notion of evil); to try, to venture on; in Scripture, to try, to -ecve, to put to trial for proof,-as God did tempt Abraham, Qen. xxii.. Extenuate, to make thin, lean, or slender; to lessen to diminish, to palliate opposed to aggravate. 11 Terebinth, the turpentine tree ~ Perterebration, the act of boring through. ** Terebrate, to bore, to nerforate with a gimblet. it Tergeminal, Tergeminate, thrice double. TER 454 TER absterge', or deterge', a. deter'sive, a. & n. absterse', v. deterg'ed, a. *terse, a. absterg'ent, a. & n. deterg'ent, a. & n. terse'ly, ad. abster'sion, n. deter'ging, a. terse'ness, n. abster'sive, a. deter'sion, n. i T'rRGu-ujr, n. 2. the back: as, ter'giv'ersate, to shift. ttergif'etous, a. ter'giversate, v.. tergiversa'ttion, n. TERMIN-US, m. 2. (sepca), a limit or boundary, end or period: as, determ'ine, to end, to fix on; exterm'inate, to root out, to destroy utterly; term'inate, to bound, to end. 1conterm'inable, a. exterm'inatory, a. term'ing, a. conterm'inate, a. indeterm'ined, a. term'inable, a..onterm'inous, a. indeterm'inable, a. term'inate, v. determ'ine, v.'indeterm'inate, a. term'inated, a. determ'ined, a. indeterm'inately, ad. term'inating, a. determ'ining, a. indeterm'inateness, n. term'inal, a. determ'inable, a. indetermina'tion, n. termina'tion, n. Wdeterm'inate, a. ~interm'inable, a. termina'tional, a. determ'inately, ad. interm'inableness, n. tJfterm'inative, a. determ'inateness, n. interm'inate, a. term'inatively, ad. determina'tion, n. interm'inous, a. term'inator, n. determ'inative, a. predeterm'ine, v. term'inist, n. determ'inator, n. predeterm'ined, a. term'ly, a. & ad. Ildisterm'inate, a. predeterm'ining, a. term'less, a. distermina'tion, n. preddterm'inate, v. STterminol'ogy, n. exterm'ine, v. predetermina'tion, n. undeterm'inable, a. exterm'inate, v. self-determina'tion, n. undeterm'inate, a. exterm'inated, a. self-determ'ining, a. undeterm'inateness, exterm'inating, a. **term, n. & v. undetermina'tion, n. extermina'tion, n. term'ed, a. undeterm'ined, a. exterm'inator, n. term'er, n. TERNW-Us, a. threefold: TERTI-US, a. (a tres), three: as, ter'tiary, third. ~ tern, a. - llltern'ary, a. & n. tern'ate, a. * Terse, cleanly written, neat, elegant without pompousness. t Tergifetous,'bearing their seeds on the back of their leaves, —as ferns. t Conterminable, capable of the same bounds: Conterminate, having the same $ounde' Conterminous. bordering upon. Determinate, limited, fixed, definite; established, settled; decisive, conclusive. 11 Disterminate, separated by bounds. ~ Interminable, that cannot be limited; boundless, endless. ** 7Term, limit, boundary; words, language; condition; space of time; also, to call, to name. tt Terminative, directing termbiation. tt Terminology, the doctrine of terms; a treatise on terms. T'ern, Ternary, Ternate, threefold; consisting of'hree. IlI Ternary, Ternion, the number three. TER 155 TER tern'ion, n. ter'tsary, a. third, a. *ter'tian, a. & n. tter'tiate, v. third'ly, ad. TER-o, tritum, v. 3. (teigw), to rub, to wear by rubbing: as trite, worn1 out, common. Iat'terate, v. I~det'rirnent, n. trit'ical, a. at'terated, a. detrimen'tal, a. trit'icalness, n. attera'tion, n. detriti'on, n. tttrit'urate, v. attrite', a. **detri'lus, n. trit'urated, a. attrite'ness, n. tare, v. & n. tritfurating, a. ~attriti'on, n. tear, n. & v. trit'urable, a. IIcontrite', a. tear'er, n. trit'urableness, n. contrite'ly, ad. trite, a. tritura'tion, n. contrite'ness, n. trite'ly, ad. trit'urative, a. contrition, n. trite'ness, n. tftritu'rium, n. TERR-.S, f. 1. the earth: as, inter', to bury; disinter', to exhume', to take out of the earth; terrig'enous, earthborn. circuinterra'neous, a. disinter'ment, n. fttt4Mediterra'nean, a. WQconterra'nean, or dister', v. mediterra'neous: a. conterra'neous, a. ~~texterra'neous, a. f:tsubterrane', n. Illdeterra'tion, n. ***frontier', n. & a. subterra'nean, a. disenterre', or frontier'ed, a. subterra'neous, a. disinter', v. inter', v. superterrene', a: disinterred, a. inter'rer, n. superterres'trial, a. disinter'ring, a. inter'ment, n. Olter'race, n. & v. * Tertian, occurring every third or other day. f Tertiate, to do any thing the third time; to examine the thickness of the metal at the muzzle of a gun. Atterate, to wear away; to form or accumulate by wearing. 6 Attrition, the act of wearing by rubbing; with divines, grief for sin, arising fiom fear of punishment; the lowest degree of repentance. II Contrite, literally, worn or bruised. Hence, broken-hearted for sin, deeply affected with grief and sorrow for having offended God; humble, penitent. ~F Detriment, literally, worn off; loss, damage, injury, mischief, having diminution. ** Detritus, in geology, a mass of substances worn off or detached from solid bodies by attrition. ~t Triturate, to rub or grind to a very finr powder, and properly to a finer powder than that made by pulverization. tt Triturium, a vessel for separating liquors of different densities..% Conterranean, being of the same land or country. 1 Deterration, a taking from out of the earth. ~~a Exterraneous, foreign, belonging to, or coming from abroad. "** Frontier. (See p. 153.) ttt Mediterranean, Mediterraneouts, inclosed or nearly inclosed with land, Inland. IItt: Subterrane, a cave or room under groundL ~~ Terrace, a raised bank of earth with sloping sides, laid with turf, and gravelled on the top for a walk; a balcony or open gallery; the flat roof of a house. All buildings of the oriental nations are covered vith terraces v Xhere people walk or sleep. 40* TER 456 TES cer'raced, a. terres'trially, ad. terrig'enous, n. ter'racing, a. terres'trious, a. tter'ritory, a..terra'queous, a. terre, v. territo'rial, a. terrene', a. & n. terre-ten'ant, or territo'rially, ad. ter'reous, a. ter-ten'ant, n. territo'ried, a. terres'trial, a. tter'rier, n. I]ER-R-EO, v. 2. to make afraid, to frighten: as, ter'rify, to frighten;' ter'ror, extreme fear, {deter', v. ter'rible, a. ter'rifying, a. deter'red, a. ter'ribly, ad. terrif'ic, a. deter'ring, a. ter'ribleness, n. undeter'red, a. deter'ment, n. ter'rify, v. unter'rified, a. ter'ror, n. ter'rified, a. TEST-A, f 1. a shlell; an earthen pot. Iltest, n. & v. ~testaceog'raphy, n. testu'dinal, a. test'ed, a. testaceol'ogy, or testu'dinated, a. test'ing, a. & n. testal'ogy, n. testu'dinous, a. testa'ceous, a. **testu'do, n. TEST-IS, m. & f. 3. a witness: as, attest', to bear witness to; contest', to dispute; detest', to thrust away, to abhor; test'ify, to bear witness. archprot'estant, n. contest'ing, a. detest'ably, ad. attest', v. contest'ingly, ad. detest'ableness, n. attest'ed, a. contest'less, a. detesta'tion, n. attest'ing, a. contesta'tion, n. detest'er, n. attesta'tion, n7. contest'able, a. detest'ing, a. attest'or, n. contest'ableness, n. incontest'able, a. con'test, n. detest', v. incontest'ably, ad. contest', v. detest'ed, a. ttintest'able, a. contest'ed, a. detest'able, a. intest'acy, n. * Terraqueous, consisting of land and water. t T'errier, a little dog that creeps into the ground after animals that burrow. Territory, a district; a tract of land belonging to, and under the dominion of a prince or state, lying at a distance from the parent country, or from the seat of government,-as, the territories of the East India Company; the territories of the United States. O Deter, to discourage and stop by fear. II Test, in metallurgy, a large cupel, cup, or vessel used in refining and trying metals; —hence, a trial; means of trial, standard., Testaceography, Testaceology, Testalogy, the science of testaceous vermes, or of those soft and simple animals which have a testaceous covering; a branch of vermeologoy. "* Testudo, a tortoise. Among the Romans, a cover, skreen, or defence ibrmed by the troops with their shields or targets, by holding them over their heads, when standing close to each other, which resembled the back of a tor toise, and used in besieging towns. +t Intestahle, not capable of making a will. TET 457 TET *iintest'ate, a. & n. protesta'tion, n. testtified, a. fobtest', v. l1test, n. & v. test'ifier, n. obtest'ing, a. ~test'ament, n. test'ifying, a. obtesta'tion, n. testament'ary, a. testifica'tion, 7s: Iprotest', v. testamenta'tion, n. testifica'tor, n. pro'test, n. **test'ate, a. fttestimo'nial, n. protest'ed, a. testa'tor, n. ytest'imony, n. protest'er, n7. testa'trix, n. unattest'ed, a. piotest'ing, a. testa'tion, -n. uncontest'ed, a. prot'estant, a. & n. undetest'ing, a prottestantly, ad. untest'ed, a. prot'estantism, n. test'ify, v. TETR — 1 for TESSAR-ES (TS~fga for ~dogaE), four. Illldiates'saron, n. ***tetradynam'ian, n. 1f:tet'ragyn, n. tet'rachord, n. & a. tetragyn'ian, a. T~tet'ratd, n. - ttftet'ragon, n. h tetrahe'dron, n. tetradac'tylous, a. tetrag'onal, a. tetrahe'dral, a. * Intestate, dying without having made a will; also, the person who does w. t Obtest, to beseech, to supplicate; to protest. I Protest, literally, to witness against; to affirm with solemnity, to maike a solemn declaration of a fact or opinion, or expressive of opposition. ) Protestant, one of the party who adhered to Luther at the reformation;n 1529, in Germany, and protested, or made a solemn declaration of' dissent frim a decree of the Emperor Charles V. and.the diet of' Spires, and appealed to a general council. This name was afterwards extended to the followers of Calvin, and protestant is the denomination now given to all who belong to the Reformed Churches. II1 Test, in England, an oath or declaration against transubstantiation. ~ Testament, a solemn authentic instrument in writing, by which a person declares his will as to the disposal of his estate and effects after his death; a laIst nill. ** Testate, having made and left a will. 1t Testimonial, a writing or certificate in favour of one's character or good conduct. %I Testimony, a solemn declaration or affirming made for the purpose of establishing or proving some fact. It may be verbal or written. —r'estimony difftrs from evidence; testimony is the declaration of a witness, and evidence is the effect of that declaration on the mind, or the degree of light which it affords.-Affirmation, declaration; profession; witness. proof of some fact; in Scripture, the two tables of the law, the book of the law; the Gospel; the ark; the word of God; the laws or precepts of God. I111 Diatessaron, Tetrachord, in ancient music, a series of four sounds, of which the extremes, or first and last, constituted a fourth. 1~r1 Tetrad, the number four; a collection of four things. *** Tetradynamian, in botany, a plant having six stamens, four of which are longer than the others. ftt Tetragon, in geometry, a figure having four angles; as, a quadrangle, a squale, a parallelogram, a rhonmbus, a trapezi'm, &c. 1t4 lTetragyn, a plant having four pistils. ~$ Tetrahedron, a figure comprehended under four equliateral and equal triangles. TEU 458 THE *tetram'eter, n. & a. tetrar'chate, or tetrasyllab'ic,'a. ttetran'der, n. tet'rarchy, n. tetrasyllab'ical, a. tetran'drian, a. tetrar'chical, a. **tes'selate, v. tetrapet'alous, a. tetrasperm'ous,. a. tes'selated, a. tetraph'yllous, a. Iltetras'tich, n. lessela'tion, n. $tet'raptote, n. ~tet'rastyle, n. ftessera'ic, a. dtet'rarch, n. tetrasyl'lable, n. TEUCH-OS ('r6uVXO)., a vessel; a book-pen'tateuch, n. TEUTON-ES, m. 3. an ancient people of Germany. Tt Teuton'ic, a. TEXT —US, p. p. (a texo, v. 3. to wea)ve or knit), woven * as texto'rial, text'rine, pertaining to weaving. con'text, n. text'ile, a. & n. text'.ualist, n.? context',.a. text'-book, n. text'uary, a. & n. contex'ture, n. text'-hand, n. text'uarist, n. contex'tural, a. text'-man, n. text'uist, n. intertex'ture, n. texto'rial, a. text'rine, a. Ijllpretext', n. ***text'ual, a. text'ure, n. I[text, n. THANAT-OS (OavoaroS, 6 Ovrxxw, to die), death. tffteuthana'sia, or euthan'asy, n. THAUMA, at-os (Oavua, a-og), a wonder. ttfthau'maturgy, n.- thaumaturg'ic, a. thaumaturg'ical, a. THEATR-U-I, n. 2. (Oascgov, it 8Oaot.aJ, to behold), a theatre. * Tetrameter, in ancient poetry, an iambic verse consisting of four feet, found in the comic poets. t Tetrander, a plant having four stamens. t Tetraptote, in Grammar, a noun that has four cases only; as, Lat. astts, &c. O Tetrarch, a Roman governor of thefourth part of' a province; a subordinate prince. 11 7etrastich, a stanza; epigram, or poem, consisting of four verses. I Tetrastyle, in ancient architecture, a building with four columns in firont.'*~ Tesselate, to form into squares or checkers; to lay with checkered-work. it Tesseraic, diversified by squares; tesselated. 14 Teutonic, pertaining to the Teutlones, a people of Germany, or to their language; as, a noun, the language of the Teutones, the parent of the German Dutch, and Anglo-Saxon or native English. - Context, a weaving together; the general series or composition of discourse, mnore particularly, the parts of a discourse which precede or fillow the sentence quoted. 111 Pretext. pretence; false appearance; ostensible reason or motive assigned or assumed as a colour or cover for the real reason or motive. I~ Text; a discourse or composition on which a note or commentary;s writter. *** Textual, Textuary, contained in the text, serving as a texl. itt Euthanasia, or Euthanasy, an easy death. TIt Thaumaturgy, the act of performing something wonderfid. THE 459 THE *amphithe'atre, n. f the'atre, n. theat'rical, a. amphithe'atral, a. the'atral, a. theatrically, ad. amphitheat'rical, a. theat'ric, a. THEC-E (87xE, a'sO8rm, to put or place), a place where tiny thing is deposited; a repository or receptacle. tapoth'ecary, n..bibliothe'ce, n. biblioth'ecal, a. biblioth'ecary, n. THEOR-OS (scEgog), a beholder, a speculator. llthe'orem, n. theoret'ictheor'ical, a. theorem'ic, a. theoret'ical, a. theor'ically, ad. theoremat'ic, a. theoret'ically, ad. the'orist, n. tlheoremat'ical, a. the'oric, a. & n. the'orize, v. ~the'ory, n. THE-OS (sog;), God, a god: as, a'theist, disbeliever in a God; mon'otheist, believer in one God. *Sapothe'osis, n. atheist'ically, ad. a'theous, a. tfa'theism, n. atheist'icalness, n. ttentheast'ic, a. a'theist, n. & a. a'theize, v. entheast'ically, ad. atheist'ic, a. atheol'ogy, n. oenthu' siasm, n. atheist'ical, a. atheolo'gian, n. enthusiast, n. * Amphitheatre, a round theatre, an edifice in an oval or circular form, having its area encompassed with rows of seats, rising higher as they recede from the area, on which people used to sit to view the combats of gladiators and of wild beasts, and other sports. The ancient amphitheatre was a double theatre. The area or cavea, being covered with sand, was called arena. jt Theatre, among the ancients, an edifice fbr public spectacles or shows of a semi-circular form. In modern times, a house for the exhibition of dramatic performances,-as tragedies, comedies, and farces; a play-house; a place of action or exhibition. t Apothecary, one who practices pharmacy; one who prepares drugs for medicinal uses, and keeps them for sale. 6 Bibliothece, a library: Bibliothecary, a librarian; Bibliothecal, belonging to a library. II Theorem, a proposition which considers the properties of things already ma(le or done. A theorem is a proposition to be proved by a chain of reasoning. A theorem is something to be pr:oved; a problem is something to be done. ~[ Theory, a mental view, speculation; an exposition of the general principles of any science. Theory differs from hypothesis: Theory is founded on inferences drawn from principles established on independent evidence; hypothesis Is a proposition assumed to account for certain phenomena, or for what is not understood. ** Apotheosis, the act of placing a prince or other distinguished person among the heathen deities; deification, consecration. tt Atheism, Atheology, the disbelief of' the existence of a God, or Supreme intelligent Being. tt Entheastic, having the energy of God. X Entihusias n, a belief or conceit of private revelation; the vain confidence or opinion of a person, that he has special- divine communications from the StLTpreme Being, or familiar intercourse with him; heat of imagination; violent passion or excitement of the mind in pursuit of some object; inspiring great or extravagant hope and confidence of success: an elevated fancy, a warm imaagi THE 460 THE enthusias'tic, a. & n. theis'tic, a. **theop'athy, n. [n, cnthusias'tical, a. theis'tical, a. - tftheo-philan'thropist, enthusias'tically, ad. theoc'racy, n. theo-philan'thropy, a. mton'otheism, n. theocrat'ic, a. Theoph'ilus, n. monn'otheist, iv. theocrat'ical, a. theos'ophy, n. pan'theism, n.. the'odicy, n. theosoph'ic, a. panthe'ist, n. iltheol'ogaster, n. theosoph'ical, a. pantheis'tic, a. theog'ony, n. theos'ophism, n. pantheis'tical, a. ~theol'ogy, n. theos'ophist, n. pantheon, i. theologian, n.. the'urgy, n,. physico-theol'ogy, n. theol'ogist, n. the'urgist, n. polyth'eism, n. theolog'ic, a. theurg'ic, a. pdlyth'leist, n. theolog'ical, a. theurg'ical, a. polytheistic, a. theolog'ically, ad. Timo'theus, or polytheis'tical, a. theol'ogize, v. Tim'othy, n. tlhean'dric, a. theol'ogizer, n. ~trithe'istn, n. fthe'archy, n. theom'achy, n. trithe'ist, n. Ithe'ism, n. theom'achist, n. tritheis'tic, a. the'ist, n. THERAPEU —O (EgcEmvSUw), to nutrse, to serve, to cure. lllltherapeu'tics, n. therapeut'ic, a. therapeut'ical, a. THERM-OS (6spgso), warm, heated: as, ther'mal, pertaining to heat, warm. nation, an ardent zeal, that forms sublime ideas, and prompts to the ardent pursuit of laudable objects. * Theandric, designating the union of divine and human operation in Christ, or the joint agency of the divine and human nature. t Thearchy, government by God;-more commonly called theocracy. t Theism, the belief or acknowledgment of the existence of a God,-as op. posed to atheism. Theism differs from deism, for although deism implies a belief in the existence of a God, yet it signifies, in modern usage, a denial of revelation, which theism does not. 6 Theodicy (a dico, to say), the science of God; metaphysical theology. II T'heologaster, a kind of quack in divinity; —as, a quack in medicine is called medicaster. ~ Theology, divinity, or the science of God and divine things. Theology consists of two branches, naturae and revealed. Natural theology is the knowledge we have of God from his works, by the light of nature and reason. Revealed theology is that which is to be learned only from revelation. ** Theoplthy, religious suffering; suffering for the purpose of subduing sinful propensities. tt Theophilanthropist, lover of God and man. it Theurgy, the art of doing things which it is the peculiar province of God to) doa; or the power or act of performing supernatural things by invoking the names of God, or of subordinate agents; magic. V Tritheism, the opinion or doctrine that there are three Gods in the God.!lead. 1111 Therapeutics, that part of medicine which respects the discovery and appli. cation of remedies for diseases. Therapetutics teaches the use of diet and of Inedicines. A religious sect described by Philo. They were devotees to religion. THE 461 THE 4isotherm'al, a. thermom'eter, n. thermomet'rically, ad ther'mal, a. thermomet'rical, a. ther'moscope, n. tther'molamp, n. THESIS ( eee i,, a',8rOt, to put or place), a placing or putting: as, hypothesis, supposition,; thet'ical, laid down. tanath'ema, n. ~Tepen'thesis, or bypothet'ic, a. anathemat'ical, a. epen'thesy, n. hypothet'ical, a. anathemat'ically, ad. epenthet'ic, a. hypothet'ically, ad. anath'ematize, v. **ep'ithem, n. mrnetathtesis, n. anathematized, a. ftep'ithet, n. & v. nomothet'ic, a. anath'ematizer, n. epithet'ic, a. nomothet'ical, aanath'ematizing, a. - hypoth'ecate, v. 111-parath'esis, n. anathematiza'tion, n. hypoth'ecated, a. paren'thesis, n. Oantith'esis, n. hypoth'ecating, a. parenthet'ie, a. antithet'ic, a. hypotheca'tion, n. parenthet'ical, a. antithet'ical, a. hypoth'ecator, n. r~~pros'thesis, or jlapoth'esis, n. hypothesis, n. proth'esis, n. * Isothermdtl, having equal or uniform temperature. t Thermolamp, an instrument for furnishing light by means of inflammable gas. tAnathema, excommunication with curses. Hence, a curse or denunciation by ecclesiastical authority, accompanying excommunication. In heathen mythology, an offering or present made to some deity, and hung up in a temple. Whenever a person quitted his employment, he set apart, or dedicated his tools to his patron-deity. $ Antithesis, in rhetoric, an opposition of words or sentiments; contrast,-as,} "When our vices leave us, we flatter ourselves we leave them." —" The prodigal robs his heir, the miser robs himself." —" Excess of ceremony shows want of breeding." —" Liberty with laws, and government without oppression."-Opposition of' opinions, controversy. 11 Apothesis, the reduction of a dislocated bone. A place on the south side. of the chancel in the primitive churches, furnished with shelves for books, vestments, &c. ~T Epenthesis, the insertion of a letter or syllable in the middle of a word, — as, alituum, fbr alitum. ** Epithem, in pharmacy, a kind of fomentation or poultice, to be applied externally, to strengthen the part. Any external application, or topical medicine. The term has been restricted to liquids in which clothes are dipped to be applied to a part. ft Epithet, an adjective expressing some real quality of the thing to which it is appled, or an attributive expressing some quality ascribed to it,-as, a verdant lawn; a brilliant appearance; a just man; an accurate description. It Hypothecate, to pledge, and properly to pledge the keel of a ship, that is, the ship itself, as security for the payment of money borrowed to carry on a voyage. Mffetathesis, transposition; a figure by which the letters or syllables of a word are transposed,-as, pistrts for pristis. In-medicine, a change or removal of a morbid cause without expulsion. 1111 Parathesis, in grammar, apposition, or the placing of two or more nouns in the same case. 11 Prosthesis, or Prothesis, in surgery, the a Idition if iut arkafieial part to supply a defect of the bodv,-as, a wooden leg, &c. THO 462 THY *prosthet'ic, a. syntklet'ical, a. Pthe'sis, n. tsyn'thesis, n. synthetically, ad. thet'ical, a. synthet'ic, a. ttheme, n.'rHoRAx, ac-is, m. 3. the inward part of the breast, the chest, the breast —ltho'rax, n. thorac'ic, a. THOR-US, or rather ToRus, m. 2. a bed:-tho'ral, a. THRON-US, m. 2. (8govos), a king's seat, a throne: as, dethronze', disenthrone', or unthrone', to drive, from a throne, to divest of royalty; enthrone', or inthrone', to place on a throne. dethrone', v. disinthrone', v. renthro'ning, n. dethro'ned, a. enthrone', v. reinthrone', v. dethro'ner, n. - enthro'ned, a. reinthro'ned, a. dethro'ning, a. enthro'ning, a. reinthro'ning, a. dethrone'ment, n. inthrone', v. reinthro'nize, v. -dethro'nize, v. inthro'nize, v. throne, n. & v. disenthrone', v. inthroniza'tion, n. thro'ned, a. disenthro'ned, a. re-enthrone', v. unthrone!, v. disenthro'ning, a. renthro'ned, a. THYM-OS (Oulof), the soul or mind. ~en'thymeme, n. lipoth'ymy, n. enthymemat'ical, a. lipoth'ymous, a. THYRE-OS (OUVgog), a shield-thy'roid, a. * Prosthetic, prefixed, as a letter to a word. t Synthesis, composition, or the putting of two or more things together,-as, in compound medicines. In Logic, composition, or that process of reasoning in which we advance by a regular chain from principles before established or assumed, and propositions already proved, till we arrive at the conclusion Synthesis is the opposite of analysts or resolution. In Surgery, the operation by which divided parts are re-united. In Chemistry, the uniting of elements intc a compound; the opposite of analysis, which is the separation of a compound into its constituent parts. That water is a compound of oxygen and hydrogen, is proved both by analysis and synthesis. T Theme, a subject or topic on which a person writes or speaks. A short dissertation composed by a student; the original word whence others are derived; the root. ~ Thesis, a position, a theme, a subject; something laid down affirmatively or negatively. In Logic, every proposition may be divided into thesis and hypothesis. Thesis contains the thing affirmed or denied, and.hypothesis the condition of the affirmation or negation.'I Thorax, in anatomy, that part of the human skeleton, which consists of the nones of the chest; also, the cavity of the chest. ~ Enthymeme, in rhetoric, an argument consisting of only two propositions, an antecedent and a consequent deduced from it,-as, we are dependent creatures, tnerefore we should be humble. Here the major proposition is suppres. sed; the complete syllogism would be, dependent creatures should be humble, we are dependent creatures, therefore we should be humble THU 463 TIT THUS, thar-is, n. 3. incense, franAincense. *thu'rible, n. thurif'erous, a. thurifica'tion, n. TIBI-A, f. 1. the shin-bone; a flute or pipe-tib'ial, a. TIM-EO, v. 2. to fear: as, intimidate, to make fearful. intimidate, v. tim'id, a. ttim'orous, a. intim'idated, a. tim'idly, ad. tim'orously, ad. intim'idating, a. tim'idness, n. tim'orousness, n. intimida'tion, n. timidity, n. TIME (r'Pa, A TIW, to value), value; honour, esteem. timoc'racy, n. Ti'mon, n. Timo'theus, n. Time'us, n. Tim'othy, n. Ti'tus, n. TING-o, tinctum, v. 3. (Tsyy2c), to dip, to stain or sprinkle, to colour or paint: as, attaint', to taint or corrupt. to disgrace. 5attain'der, n. taint'ing, a. ting'ent, a. attaint', v. taint'less, a. ting'ing, a. attaint'ed, a. **tinct, v. & n. tint, n. & v. attaint'ing, a. tinc'ture, n. & v. unting'ed, a. attaint'ment, n. tinc'tured, a. untaint'ed, a. attaint'ure, n. tinc'turing, a. untaint'edly, ad. Ilmezzotin'to, n. tinge, v. & n. untaint'edness, n ~taint, n. &,v. ting'ed, a. untinc'tured, a. taint'ed, a. TITILL-O, V. 1. to tickle, to affect by slight touches. tit'illate, v. tttick'le, v. & a. ticklish, a. tit'illating, a. tickler, n. tick'lishness, n. titilla'tion, n. tickling, a. & n. TITUL-US, m. 2. title, inscription, or appellation: as, disenti'tle, disti'tle, to deprive of title or right, * Thurible, a censor, a pan for incense: Thuriferous, producing or bearing frankincense: Thurification, the act of fuming with incense, or the act of burm. Ing incense. t Timorous, fearful of dangers; indicating fear, full of scruples. t Timocracy, government by men of property, who are possessed of a certain tancome. SAttainder, a staining, a corruption of blood; hence, the judgment or sen cence upon a person convicted of treason or eblony, which attaints, taints, or corrupts his blood, so that he can no longer inherit lands. 11 Mezzotinto, a particular manner of engraving, or representation of figures on copper, in imitation of patnting in Indian ink. ~ Taint, to imbue, to stain, to tarnish; to corrupt, to infect, to poison, ** Tinct, Tincture, Tinge, Tint, colour, dye, shade, taste; or rather a slight degree of some colour, taste, or something foreign, infused into another sub. stance or mixture, or added to it. tt Tickle, to touch lightly, and cause a. peculiar thrilling sensation which can; not be described. A slight sensation of this kind may give pleasure, but when violent, it Is insufferable. To please by slight gratification. 41 TOB 464 TOM disenti'tle, v. ti'tle, n. & v. ttit'ular, a. & n. disti'tle, V. ti'tled, a. tit'ularly, ad. enti'tle, v. ti'tleless, a. titular'ity, n. ent'tled, a. ti'tle-pag, n. tit'ulary, a. & n. enti tlng, a. titling,; a. unti'tled, a. inti'tle, v. TOBAcO, a province of Yucatan in Spanish America. 4tobac'vo, n. tobac'conist, n. tobac'co-pipe, n. TOGA, f. 1. a loose flowing woollen robe.; a gown. Qto'gated,: or to'ged, n. ToLER-o, toleratum, v. 1. (,i tollo), to bear, to suffer, to endure: as, intol'erable, not to be borne or endutred. intol'erable, a. intolera'tion, n. tol'erant, a. lntol'erably, ad. tol'erable, a. tol'erate, v. intol'erablenss, n. tol'erably, ad-. tol'erated, a. intol'erance, n,. tol'erableness, n. tol'erating, a, intol'erant, a. & n. tol'erance, n. tolera'tion, n. intolterated, a. TOLL-O, v, 3. to raise, to lift up: as, extol', to raise in words or eulogy, to" praise, to magnify. Ilattol'lent, a. & n, extol'led, a. extol'ling, a. extol', v.. extol'ler, n. ~ toll, n. & v. TOMENT- Ur, n. 2. (it tondeo), down-**toment'ous, a. TOM-os (opo, v, to cuts, to cutting; a division: as, anat'omize, to dissect an animal; at'om, indivisible par. ticle. * Entitle, to gi:ve a title to; to give or prefix a name or appellation; to superscribe or prefix as a title;-hence, as titles are evidences of claims or property, to. give a claim to; to give a right to demand or receive; to qualify; to dgnify by a title or honourable appellation. t Titular, Titulary, consisting in a title or name only.; pertaining to a title. tI Tobacco, a plant, a native of America, mucih used for smoking and chewing, and in snuff, -so named, from Tobaco, a province of Yucatan, in Spanish America, where it was first found by the Spaniards. But this account of its origin is very doubtful. Las Casas says, that in the first voyage of Colunbus the Spaniards saw in Cuba many persons smoking dry hqrhs or leaves rolled up in tubes called tobacos. CharIevoix, in his histoiy of St. Dominique, says, that. the instrument used in smoking was called tio.acqo. $ Togated, Toged, dressed in a gown, govized-: wearing a gown. -I Attollent, lifting up, rasing; also, a muscle which raises some part, as the ear, the tip of the nose, or the upper eyelid; —otherwise called levator or eie. vato~ Too~, to sound or ring, as a bell.; in law, to take away, to.annul. *-A Tomentous, in botany, downy, nappy, cottony, or flocky; consisting of alt kinds of-stuffing for cushions or beds,-as, down, feathers,, hair wool, chaff, &e TOM 465 TOM *anat'omy, n. ~bfoonchot'omy, n. ithot'ornist,. anatom'ical, a. **cystot'omy, n. iitbotoih'ic, a. anatom'ically, ad. ttdichot'omy, n. neurt'onmy, in. anat'omist, n. n tdichot'omize, v. neurotom'ical, a. anat' omize, v. dichot'omnous, a neurot'onmist, in. anat'omized, a. eren'tomiolite, n. omphalot'omy, nt. anat'omizer, n. entomorlbgy, n. ttltonkot'omy, in. anat'omizing, a. entomolog'ical, a. pharyngot'omy, n. tandranat'omy, it. entomol'ogist, n. phlebot'omy, ni tangiot'omy, nit. lllepit'oe, or phlebot'omist, in. {apot'ome, or epit'omy, ni phlebot'omize, iv. apot'omy, n. epitomize, V. stereot'omy, n. ilarteriot'omy, n. epit'omized, a. stereotorn'icall,. at'om, n. epit'omizer, or tome, n. atom'ic, a. epit'omist, n. &&{tracheot'on'myi t. atom'ical, a. epit'omizing, a. llllltrichot'o7my, a. at'om-like, a. ~~gastrot'omy, n. trichot'omoius; d. at'omism, n. ***lithot'omy; n. T~~~zoot'omy, n. at'omist, n. jlith'otom e, n. zoot'orlisti n. *Anatomy, (See p. 39.) the art of dissecting, or artificially separating' the dif. ferent parts of an animal body, to discover their situation, structure, and economy; the doctrine of the structure of the body, learned by dissection; the act of dividing any thing, corporeal or intelectual, for the purpose of examin. ing its parts,-as, the anatomy of a plant, or of a discourse. t Andranatomy, the dissection of a human body, especially of a dale. t Angiotomzy, the opening of a vessel, whether a vein or an artery, as in bleed. ing. It includes both arteriotomy and phlebotomy. A Apotome, in mathematics, the difference between two incommensurable quantities; also, a term in music. II Arteriotomy, the opening of an artery by the lancet, for the purpose of letting blood. ~ Bronchotomy, an incision into the wind-pipe or larynx, between the rings; -called also Tracheotomy. ** Cystotomy, the act or practice of opening encysted tumors, for the discharge of morbid matter. tt Dichotomy, division or distribution of ideas by pairs; in astronoiy, that phase of the moon in which it appears bisected, or shows only half its diski as at the quadratures. If Dichotomize, to cut into two parts; to divide. into pairs. ~ Entomolite, a fbssil substance bearing the figure of an insect, or a petrified tnrisect. 1ill Epitome or Epitomy, an abridgement; a brief summary or abstract of ant book or writing; a compendiurt, containing the substance of principal tintteri of a book. ~~ Gastrotomyj the operation of cutting into or opening the abdtinen. **Lithotomy, (See p. 279.) ttf Lithotome, a stone so formed raturally; as to appear as if citt artificially ti Onkotomy (ab 7yKos, onkos, tumor); in surgery, the opening of a tumor ot ahscesg..t. Tracheotomy,:see above Bronchotomy. 1l1ll Trichotomy. division, inrto three parts. ~~~ Zootomy, the dissecting of animal bodies,- anatomy, particularly the dt*secting of bodies of beasts or brute {Animals; comparative anatomy, or the anatomy of brute animals. TON 466 TON. TON-os (.rovog, it -sElvw, to stretch), tension or stretching; e tone or sound: as, binot'onous, of two notes; isoton'ic having equal tones. aston'ied, a. det'onized, a. lillthun'der, n. & v. *aston'ish, v. det'onizing, a. thun'der-bolt, n. aston'ished, a. detoniza'tion, n. thun'der-clap, n. aston ishing, a. & n. homot'onous, a. thun'der-cloud, n. aston'ishingly, ad. ~hypot'enuse, n. thun'derer, n. aston'ishingness, n. **jitone', v. thun'dering, a. & n, aston'ishment, n. ttin'tonate, v. thun'derous, a. astound', v. intona'tion, n. thun'der-shower, n. tat'ony, n. isoton'ic, a. thun'der-storm, n. a.ton'ic, a. mon'otone, n. ~~thun'der-struck, a. tattune', v. monoton'ic, a. tone, n. & v. attu'ned, a. monotony, n. to'ned, a. attu'ning, a. monot'onous, a. ***ton'ic, a. & n. {bar'ytone, n. & a. monot'onously, ad. ton'ical, a. binot'onous, a. ox'ytone, n. & a. tone'less, a.!Idet'onate, v. tperitone'um, n. ftftTri'ton, n. det'onated, a. perito'neal, a. tfttri'tone, n. det'onating, a. sem'itone, n. l{ltune, n. & v. detona'tion, n. semiton'ic, a. tu'ned, a. det'onize, v. &&synton'ic, a. tu'ning, a. * Astonish, Astound, to stun or strike dumb with sudden fear, terror, su or wonder; to amaze; to confound with some sudden passion. tAtony, debility; relaxation; a want of tone or tension; defect of mul'qJ, r power; palsy. - Attune, to make musical; to tune or put in tune; to adjust one sonu d to another; to make accordant. SBarytone, a grave deep sound or male voice; in Grammar, a verb which has no accent marked on the last syllable, the grave accent being understood. 11 Detonate, Detonize, to explode, to burn with a sudden report. ~ Hypotenuse, in geometry, the subtense or longest side of a right-angled tri angle, or the line that subtends the right angle. ** Intone, to utter a sound, or a deep protracted sound. it Intonate, to sound; to sound the notes of the musical scale; to thunder. It Peritoneum, a thin, smooth. lubricous membrane investing the-whole internal surface of the abdomen, and more or less completely, all viscera contained in it. t Syntonic, in music, sharp; intense. [li1 Thunder, the sound which follows an explosion of electricity or lighten. ing; the report of a discharge of electrical fluid, that is, of its passage from one cloud to another, or from a cloud to the earth, or from the earth to a cloud. IThunder is not lightning, but the effect of it.) Any loud noise.'FIT Thunder-struck, astonished, amazed; struck dumb by something surprising or terrible, suddenly presented to the mind or view. *** Tonic, literally, increasing tension; hence, increasing health,-as, tonic power; also, relating to tones or sounds. ttt Triton, in mythology, a fabled sea demi-god, supposed to be the trumpeter of Neptune. He is represented by poets and painters as half-man and half:fish. A genus of the molluscal order of worms. A bird of the West Indies, famous for its notes. flt Tritone, in music, a false concord; a dissonant interval. }'S Tune, a series of musical notes ift some particular measure, and consist TOP 467 TOR ti'ner, n.. tuintbsleness, ii; untune'; V..tunable, a.- tune'ful, a. ufitu'nablej, i. tu nably, ad. tune'lessi a. ToPET (n3n, Heb, a drum); hel —l4to'phet, n. ToPti-Us, m. 2. a sand or gravel-stone. ttonh, or to'phus, n.- topha'ceous, a. ToP-os (Tor;), a; place, a tract of country. {to parch,. n. topically, iad. topograph'icl, a.,Ito parchy, rt. **topog'raphy, n. topograph'ically, ad. ~t-op'ic, n, & it. topog'rapher, n. tfuto'pian, a. top'ical, a. topograph'ic, a.. uto'piIcal a. TORPEUMAi at-os (~ogSupL,.aog, io, a' ogeu, to carve), Scipitil'e — ttoreumatog'raphy, n. TORP-EO, V. b. to benumb, to be void of feeling, or motionless: as, torpent, benumbed.. torpe'do, n. ftor'pid, a. tor'pitude, n. tor'pent, a. & n. tor'pidness, n. tor'por, n. torpes'cence,: n. torpid'ity, n. torporif'ic, a. torpes'cent, a. rlORR —EO, v. 2. to dry, to parch, to burn. I1]tor'refy, v. torrefac'tion, n. ***tor'rid, a; tor'r;ified, a. ~~tor'rent, n. & a. tor'ridness, n. tor'refying, a. ing of a single series, for one voice or instrument, the effect of which is melod~: or a union of two or more series or parts to be sung or played in' concert, e' effect of which is harmony. Sound, -note, harmony, order, concert of parts the state of giving the proper sounds; proper state for u'se or application-; r.ght disposition, fit temper or humor. * Tophet, hell, —so called from a place east of Jerusalem, where children were burnt to Moloch, and where drums were used to' drown' their cries. t Taoph-, Tophus, a kind of sandstone. To7phaceous, gritty, sandy, rough, stony.' Toparch, the principal' man in a' city or country. II Toparchy, a little state, consisting of a few cities or towns; a petty couhtrfy governed by a toparch. Judea was fQrmerly divided into ten toparchzes. ~ Topic,. any' subject of' discourse or argument; in medicine, an extern-a remedy.** Topography, the description of a particular place, city, town, mnor, parish, oi tract of land. It is of mo're linited application than chorography. ft Utopian or Utopical (ab Iv, bene, good), ideal, not real, imaginary, chimerical, fanciful,-so called from Sir Thomas Moore's Utopia', or imaginary coihi monwealth. It Toreumatography, a description of ancient sculpttires and basso-relievos. $ Torpid, having lost motiion, or the powei of exertion or feeling, numib, hence, dull, stupid, sluggish, ina'ctive. The mind' as well as: the bod' becomes torpid by inidolence.'1111 Torrefy, to dry by a fire;, to roast or scorch, as metallic ores; to dry' (o parch; as driugs. I~ Torrent, a violent rushing rapid stream, as down a precipice; a str6ig ciurrent. * Trrid, parched, dried with heat;' violently hot, burning, or parcllt'g 41 * TORI 468 TOX' rTRT- UJ, sup. (a.torqueo, v. 2. to turn or bend t ith some force), to twist, to writhe: as, contort', to twist together; detort', to twist, to pervert; intort', to twist, to wind. contort', v. extors'ive, a. **tor'so, n. contort'ed, a, extors'ively, ad. tttort, n. contor'tion, or intort', v. tort'ile, a. contor'sion, n. intort'ed, a. tor'sion, n. detort', v. intort'ing, a. tor'tion, n. detort'ed, a. intor'sion, n. tor'tious, a. detort'ing, a. tretort', v. & n. tort'ive, a. detor'sion, or retort'ed, a. ttort'oise, n. detor'tion, n. retort'er, n. tort'oise-shell, n. vdistort', v. & a. retort'ing, n. & a. tort'ure, n. & v. distort'ed, a. retor'tion, n. tort'urer, n. distort'ing, a. self-torment'or, n. tort'ured, a. distor'tion, n. self-torment'ing, a. tort'uring, a. textort', v. ~tor'ment, n. tort'uringly, ad. extort'ed, ae. torment', v. tortuous, a. extort'er, n. torment'ed, a. tort'uousness, n. extort'ing, a. torment'ing, a. & n. tortuos'ity, n. extor'tion, n. tormentor, n. torv'ity, n. extor'tioner, n. Hllorse, n. {torv'ous, a,. extor'tious, a. ~ltor'sel, n. undistort'ed, a.'TOT-US, a. wchole, all: as, to'tal, whole, full. Illfacto'tum, in. to'tal, a. to'talness, n. ~:surtout', n. to'tally, ad. total'ity, n. ok XIc-uJx, n. 2. (a rogov, a bow or arrow), poison. Torrid Zone, in geography, that space or broad belt of the earth included between the tropics, over which the sun is vertical at some period every year, and where the heat is always great. *Distort, to twist out of natural or regular shape; to wrest from the true meaning; to pervert. t Extort, to draw from by force or compulsion; to wrest or Uwring from by physical force, by menace, auresse, violence, authority, or by any illegal means. fRctort, to throw back; to return an argument, accusation, censure, or in. civility; to bend or curve back.. Torment, a twisting; extreme pain, anguish; that which gives pain or mrllser,,T lorse, in Heraldry, a wreath. ~ Torsel, any thing in a twisted form. ** Torso, the trunk of a statue mutilated of head and limbs.'t Tort, in law, any wrong or injury: Tortious, injurious; in law, implying tort, or injury, for which the law gives damages. Jt Tortoise, an animal covered with shell or crust. (See Testudo, p. 456.) ~ Torvous, sour of aspect; stern, of a severe countenance, IIN Factotum, literally, do every thing; a servant employed to do all kinds of work. ~G~ Surtout (Fr.) literally, over all; a man's coat to be worn over his cther garments. TRA 469 TRA *intox'icate, v. & a. intox'icating, a. ftox'ical, a. intox'icated, a. intoxica'tion, n. ttoxicol'ogy, n. TRACHE —, f 1. L (& rgcaXu, rough), the wind-pipe. tra'chea, n. Iltra'cheocele, n. ~tra'chyte, n. tra'cheal, a. tracheot'omy, n. trachyt'ic, a. TRAD-O, traditum, v. 3. to deliver or give, to hand down. arch-trai'tor, n. traditi'oner, n. trai'tress, n. *"traditi'on, n. traditi'onist, n. trai'torly, a. traditi'onal, a. trad'itive, a. trai'torous, a. traditi'otlally, ad. fttrad'itor, n. trai'torously, ad. traditi'onary, a. & n. tttrai'tor, n. & a. trai'torousness, n. TRAG(EDI —,. f 1. (it rgayog, a goat, & k&sI, a song), tragedy. supertrag'ical, a. trag'ical, a. tragicom'ic, a. 5{trag'edy, n. trag'ically, ad. tragicom'ical, a. trage'dian, n. trag'icalness, n. tragicom'ically, ad. trag'ic, a. Illltragicom'edy, n. TRAH-O, tractum, v. 3. to draw: as, attract', to draw to; contract', to drawn together; extract', to draw out; subtract', to draw under or from. ~T~abstract', v. & a. abstract'edness, n. abstract'ive, a. ab'stract, n. abstract'ing, a. abstract'ly, ad. abstract'ed. a. abstrac'tion, n. abstract'ness, n. abstract'edly, ad. abstractiti'ous, a. attract', v. *Intoxicate, to inebriate, to make drunk,-as with spiritous liquors; to excite the spirits to a kind. of delirium; to elate to enthusiasm, frenzy, or mud ness. (Intoxicate, properly, to make stupid, as with poison, with which the ancients dipped the point of their arrows.> t Toxical, poisonoub. t Toxicology, a discourse on poisons, or the doctrine of poisons. O Trachea, in anatomy, the wind-pipe. II Tracheocele, an enlargement of the thyroid gland; bronchocele or goiter. IT Trachyte, a species of volcanic rock. ** Tradition, delivery, the act of delivering into the hands of another; the delivering.of opinions, doctrines, practices, rites, and customs orally, from father. to son, or from ancestors to posterity; that which is handed down from age to age by oral communication. t?'Traditor, a deliverer; a name of infamy given to Christians who delivered the Scriptures, or the goods of the Church to their persecutors, to save their lives.-Milner. ft Traitor, one who violates his allegiance, and betrays his country; one guilty of treason; one who betrays his trust. (See Treason.) % Tragedy, see p. 271. till Tragi-comedy, a kind of dramatic piece, representing some action passed among eminent persons, the event of which is not unhappy, in which serzous and comic scenes are blended; a species of composition not now used, or held in little estimation. ~rf Abstract, to draw from; also, a summary, or epitome, containing tfe sunstance, a general view, or the principal heads of d treatise or writing; bill anextract, is a passage taken from a book or writing. TRA 470 TRA attract'ed, a, - contra,'tiiblte, a: drdag'-net, n. attract'ing, a, contract'iblene-ss n. ~drag'gle, iv. attract'ingly, ad. contractibil'ity, n. drag'gled, a. attract'ibIe, a. contracttile, a. drag'gling, a. attractibility, n. contractiIity, n. **drail, v. attrac tion, n. detract'ed, a. ttfdraw, v. & n. attract'ic, a. Idetract', vi draw'able, a. attract'ical, a. detract'ing, a, tfdraw'back, n. attract'ile, a. detract'ingly, ad. wdraw'bridge, n. attract'ive, ai. & it. detrac'tion, n. draw'ee, n. attractively, ad. detrac'tious, a. draw'er, n. attract'ivertess, n. detract'or, n. Illldraw'-net, n. attract'or, ii. detract'ress, n. ~~draw'-well, n. *attra'hent, a. & n. detract'ive, a. draw'ingi a. & it. tbetray', v. detract'ory, a., draw'ing-master, n. betray'ed, a. ~distract', v. ***draw'ing-room, n. betray'er, n. distract'ed, a. fttex'tract, n. betray'ing, a. distract'edly, ad. extract', v. con'tract, n. distract'edness, n. extract'ed, a. contract', v. distrdct'er, n. extract'ing, a. contract'edi a., distract'ing, a. extrac'tion, n, contract'edly, ad. distrac'tion, n, extract'ive, a. & n. contract'edness, n. distract'ive, a. extract'or, n. contract'ing, a. IIdrag, v. & n. incontract'ed, a. contrac'tion, n. drag'ged, a. incontract'ible, a. contract'or, n. drag'ging, a. tttintract'able, a. *Attrahent, drawing to; or, as- a noun, that which draws to.. f Betray, to de'iver into the hands of al enemy by treachery or fraud, in violation of trust; to violate by fraud or unfaithfulness; to violate confidence by disclosing a secret, to expose; to disclose; to mislead; to show, to deliver up, inr breach of trust. e t Detrdct, literally, to draw from or down. Hence, to take away from the reputation or merit, through envy, malice, or other- motive; hence, to detract from, is to lessen' or depreciate reputation or worth; to derogate from. O Distract, to draw apart or asunder, to pull in different directions.; hence, to divide or separate; hence, to throw into confusion; to turn or drdaw from any object; to draw towards diffbrent objects; hence, to perplex, to confound, toharass-; to disorder the! reason, to derange the regular operations of intellect. 11 Drag, to draw along the ground by main force. Ir Draggle (dim. of drag), to W-ef and: dirty by drawing on the-ground or mud, or on, wet grass; to drabble ** DRrail, to trail, to draggle. tt Draw, to pull along, to haul. ti Drawback, money or amounf paid back. X Drawbridge, a bridge6 which may be drawn up or let down, to admit or hin ier communication. 1I] Draw-net, a net for catching the larger sorts of fowls, made of pack-thread, with wide meshes. 1~11 Draw-well, a deep well, from which water is drawn by a long cord or pole. ***Drdwi1ng-room, a room' appropriated for the reception' of company. It is written by Coxe, withdrawing-room, a room to which company withdraws from the dining-room. -ift Extract, see above, Abstract. tf:lntractable, not to be governed or managed; violent, stubborn, obstinate, refractny; not to be taught, indocile. TRA 471 TRA intract'ably, ad. retract'ing,-a. track'less, a. intract'ableness, n. retrac'tion, n. IlIltrack'-boat, n. intractabil'ity, n. retract'able, a. track'-scout, n.. *obtrecta'tion, n. retract'ible, a. f~~tract, n. tpor'trait, n. & v. retract'ate, v. tract'able, a. por'traiture, n. retracta'tion, n. tract'ably, ad. tportray', v. retract'ile, a. tract'ableness, n. portray'ed, a. retract'ive, a. & n. ***tract'ate, n. portray'er, n. **retrax'it, n. tracta'tion, n. portray'ing, a. subtract', v. ftttractadtrix, n. precontract', v. subtract'ed, a. trac'tion, n. precontiact'ed, a. subtract'ing, a. ttttract'ile, a. precontract'ing, a. subtrac'tion, n. tractil'ity, n. precon'tract, n. subtract'ive, a. tract'or, n. Oprotract', v. ttsubtrahend', n. ~trade, n. & v. protract'ed, a. tJtrace, n. & v. tra'ded, a. protract'er, n. trace'able, a. tra'der, n. I|protract'or, n. tra'ced, a. tra'ding, a. & sn protract'ing, a. tra'cer, n. trades'man, n. protraction, n. tra'cing, a. & n. trade'-wind, n. protract'ive, a. ~track, n. & v. Illllltrail, v. & n. ~retract', v. track'ed, a. trail'led, a. retract'ed, a. track'ing, a. trail'ler, n. * Obtrectation, slander, detraction, calumny. 3 Portrait, a picture or representation of a person, and especially of a face,.drawn from the life. I Portray, to paint or draw the likeness of any thing in colours; to describe, in words. ~ Protract, to draw out or lengthen in time, to continue, to prolong; to delay to defer, to put off to a distant time. II Protractor, a mathematical instrument. I Retract, to draw back; to unsay, to recall, as a declaration of words or say. ings; to disavow, to recant. ** Retraxit (a retraho, retraxi, I have drawn back), in law, the withdrawing or open renunciation of a suit in court, by which the plaintiff loses his action. tt Subtrahend, in arithmetic, the sum or number to be subtracted or taken from another. It Trace, a mark left by any thing passing, a footstep; a vestige; remains.' Track, properly, a mark made by drawing, not by stepping; \a mark left by something- that has passed along; a mark or impression left by the fool, either of man or beast.; a road, a beaten path; course, way. 1111 Track-boat, Track-scout, a boat or vessel employed on canals, usually drawn. by a horse, (first used in Holland.) ~~ Tract, something drawn out or extended; a region or quantity of land or water, of indefinite extent; a treatise, or written discourse, of no great extent. *** Tractate, a treatise, a tract: Tractation, treatment or handling of a subject; discussion. IHt Tractatrix, in geometry, a curve line. ~tt Tractile, capable- of -being drawn out in length, ductile. 6~% Trade, the act or business of exchanging commodities by barter; or the business of selling and buying for money; commerce, traffic, barter; a busi. ness; an occupation, particularly mechanical employment; men engaged li the same occupation. 111111 Tratt, to draw along the ground. T RA 472 TrRA trail'ling, a. **tre'aszon, n. trea'ty, in. ttrain, v. & n. tre'asonable, a. unattract'ed, a. Ptrain' lfnd, n tfftreat, v. & n. unbetray'ed, a. jtrain'-bearer, A. treat'ed, a. undistract'ed, a. train'eau, A. treat'able, a. undistract'edly, ad, jltrain'-oil, n. treat'ably, ad, undistract'edness, n. train'er, n. treat'er,n. unprotract'ed, a. train'ed, a. treat'ing, a. unretract'ed, a. train'able, a. tftreat'ise, n. untract'dble, a. train'ing, a. & n. treat'ment, I. untract'ableness, it. ~trait, n. TRANQUILL-US, a. calm, peaceful, placid, quiet. tran'quil, a. tranquil'lity, n. tran'qzlillized, a. tran'quilly, ad. tran'quillize, v. tran'quillizing, a. tran'quilness, i. TRAPEZI-UiI, n. 2. (rgarsrIov, a little table, a gas,rsyc, a table), a quadrilateral figure with unequal sides. trape'zian, a. Illtrapezihe'dron, n. ***trape'zoid, n. trape'ziform, a. ~~trape'zium, n. trapezoid'al, a. TRAUMA (Tgauw0, Taoog), a wound-traumat'ic, a. & n.'TRAVAiL, m. (Fr. a trans, over, beyond, & mail, work, Welsh), labour, pain.: Train, to draw along; to draw; to entice; to exereise, to discipline; to leach and form by practice; also, part of a gown drawn behind, retinue; a: series; process, course; a company in order, a procession. t Train-bands, militia,-so called, because trained to military exercise. t Train-bearer, one who holds up the train of a gown. b reaineaun a sledge. Ii Train-oil, the oil procured from the blubber or fat of Whales by boiling i Tiai, a strokei a touch; a line, a feature;-as, a trait of characteri "* Treason, the highest cririe of a civil nature, of which a man can be guilty; any crime that immediately affects the king or state,-as, the imagining or compassing the death of the king, prince, queen, or heir apparent of the crowtn; attempting to oVerthrow government, or betraying the state or countrvy adhering to, or aiding onenies. tt Treat, to handle, to nianriage, to use; to discourse on; to entertain, also, an entertainment given; something given for entertainment; emphatically, a rich entertainmient. tS Treatise, a tract, a written composition oh a particular subject. Tredtise iriplies niore form and method than an essay, and less fulness or copiousness than a system. M Tredtyg negotiation; a contract, agreement, a leagiie between nations. 11I'Trapezihedron, a solid bounded by twenty-four equal and similar t&apez Iums. ~r T'rapezium, in geometry, a plane figure contained under foui tunequal tight lines, nohe of thetii parallel. In anatomy, a boe of the cairpis. ~** Trapezaid, an irregular solid figure having folur sides, no two of Which itre parallel tb) each other; also, a plane foui-sided figtire having two of the )pptite sides pai'allel to each other. TRE 473 TRE lrav'ail, v. & n. trav'elled, a, trav'eller, n. trav'ailing, a. trav'elling, a. untrav'elled, a. ftrav'el, v. & n. TREAsUR-Us fo r TEIESAUR-rUS, m. 2. ()ra1augOg), a collectioan Xor heapi of money, a store-house or magazine. treas'ure, n. & v. treas'uring, a. & n. treas'ure-house, n treas'ured, a. Itreas'ury, n. treas'ure-ship, n. treas urer, n. treas'ure-city, n. untreas'ured, a. rREM-o, v. 3. to shake, to quake, to shudder., trem'ble, uq. trem'bler, n. ljtre'mor, n. tremn'bled, a. ~tremen'dous, a. ~trem'ulous, a. trem'bling, n. & a. tremen'dously, ad. trem'ulously, ad. trem'blingly, ad. tremen'dousness, n. trem'ulousness, In TREPAN, m. (Fr. a trgvuraw, to pierce or bore), a trepan. **trepan', n. & v. trepan'ner, n. titreph'ine,: n. & 6. trepan'ned,, a. trepan'ning, a. & n. TREPID-US, a. trembling or hastening for fear. ftintrep'id, a. intrep'idness, ni. trep'id, a; intrep'idly, ad. inlrepid'ity, n. Q~lrepida't-ion, n. TREs, tria, a. 3. (~gsigs, rgta), three: as, trif id, three-.left: trif'lorous, three-flowered; tri'fiorm, three-formed;; trig'on, a triangle; triloc'ular, three-celled. antitrinita'rian, n. treb'ly, ad. ~~t Tre'foil, n.'lltreb'le, a. n. & v. treb'leness, n. **trev'et, or * Travail, to labour with pain; to suffer the pangs of child-birth. i Travel, to walk, to go, or march on foot, —implying toil; to joIUrncy, r. go to a distant country, or to visit foreign states or kingdoms, either by sea or land. t Treasury, a place or building in which stores of wealth are deposited; particularly, a place where the public revenues, are deposited- and kept, and where money is disbursed to defray the expenses of government. re'remendous, slch as may excite. fear or terror, terrible, dreadful Ilence, violent; such as may astonish by its force and violence.. II Tremor, an involuntary, trembling, a shivering or shaking,. ~ Tremulous, trembling, affected with fear or timidity; shaking, shivering, q7uivering. ** Trepan, in surgery, a circular saw for perforating the skull. It resembles a wimble. Also, to perforate the skull, and take out a piece; a surgical opera tion for relieving the brain from pressure or irritation. (Trepan, % snare, and to trepan, to insnare, are from trap, and written. trapan.) It Trephine, an instrument for trepanning, more, modern than the trepan It is a circular or cylindrical saw, with.a handle like that, of a gimblet, and a little sharp perforator, called the centre-pin. 4t Intrepid, literally, not trembling or shaking with fear; hence, fearless, bold. brave, undaunted. ~ Trepidation, an involuntary trembling;* a state of terror, hurry, confused haste. 1111 Treble, threefold,-pronounced trible. lT'Trefoil, a common name for many plants.'* Tr;vet or Trivet, a stool or other Ihing sureported Dy three legs, ~TRE 474 TRE triv'et, n. -~lTtridac'tylous, a. trigonom'etry, n. *trey, n. ***tri'dent, n. & a. trigonomet'rical, a. ~tri'ad, n. tri'dented, a. trigonomet'rically, ttri'alogue, n. trident'ate, a. ****tri'gyn, n. [ad. Otrian'der, n. ttttrid'uan, a. trigyn'ian, a. trian'drian, a. trien'nial, a. fttttrihe'dron, n. Iltrian'gle, n. trien'nially, ad. trihe'dral, a. trian'gled, a. - tttrieter'ical, a. 1111triju'gous, a. trian'gular, a. P tri'fallow, v. trilat'eral, a. trian'gularly, ad. trif'id, a. trilit'eral, a. & n. ~tria'rian, a. trifis'tulary, a. 0;tril'lion, n. *trki'brach, n. Il[llltri'fle, n. & v. I[IIII[[trilo'bate, a. j [tricap'sular, a. trif'lorous, a. triloc'ular, a. trichot'omy, n. trifo'liate, a. ITTT~~~~trilu'minar, or trichot'omous, a. tri'form, a. trilu'minous, a. tjtriclin'iary, a. ~~~trig'amy, n. *****trim'eter, n. & a.. tricoc'cous, a. trig'on, n. trimet'rical, a. tricor'poral, a. trig'onal, a. ttttttri'nal, a. IIllllricus'pidate, a. trig'onous, a. trine, a. & v. * Trey, a three at cards; a card of three spots. t Triad, the union of three; three united. T Trialogue, a- conversation of three speakers only. ~ Triander, a plant having three stamens. 11 Triangle, in geometry, a figure bounded by three lines, and containing three angles. I Triarian, occupying the third post or place. ** Tribrach, (A fPeaXvg, short), in ancient prosody, a poetic ibot of three short syllables,-as, milius. tt Tricapsular, in botany, three-capsuled; having three capsules tat each flower. it Tricliniary, pertaining to a couch for dining, or to the ancient mode of reclining at table,-so named, because three couches were placed around the table, on which the guests might recline; of whom there were commonly three on each couch. -$ Tricoccous, three-grained. 1111 Tricuspidate, in botany, three-pointed; ending in three points. ~S Tridactylous, having three toes or fingers. *** Trident,'ridented, Tridentate, having three teeth or prongs. Trident, in mythology, was a kind of sceptre or spear, with three prongs, which the fables of antiquity put into the hands of Neptune, the deity of the ocean. fit Triduan, lasting three days, or happening every third day. Ut+ Trieterical (ab -ros, a year), triennial, kept or occurring once in three years. t.~. Trifallow, to plow land the third time before sowing. Il[li1 Trifle, see trivial, under Via. ~~~ Trigamy, state of being married three times; or the state of having three 1hulsbands, or three wives at the same time. **** Tri-yn, a plant having three pistils. tifft Trihedron, a figure having three equal sides.,tt TriHjugous, in botany, having three pairs. jS. Trillion, the product of a million multiplied by a million, and that pro duct multiplied by a mullion; or the cube of a million. Wl'1][I Trilobate, having three lobes. ~~~T1 Triluminar, or Triluminols, having three lights. 5**** P'rimeter, T7imetrical, consisting of three poetical measures, forming an iambic of six feet. l ittt Trinal, Trine, threefold,-as. trinc dimension, that is, lengt! breadth TRI 475 TRI *trinerv'ate, a.'~ftrip'licate, a. trisyllab ic, a. tri'lerved, a. triplica'tion, n. trisyllab'ical, a. ttrin'ity, n. triplic'ity, n. tritern'ate, a trinita'rian, a. & n. **tripod, or trithe'ism, n. ttrino'mial, a. & n. tri'pos, n. trithe'ist, or trinom'inal, a. trip'tote, n. trithe'ite, n. dtri'o, n. tftripyr'amid, n. thitheis'tic, a. ltrip'artite, a. - ttrira'diated, a. Tri'ton, n. tripartiti'on, n. tri'reme, 7n. tri'tone, n. trip'edal, a. trirhomboid'al, a. tritox'yd, n. tripen'nate, a. trisect', v. Illtrium'vir, n. triper'sonal, a. trisect'ed, a. trium'virate, n. tripet'alous, a. trisect'ing, a. iriune', n. triph'thong, n. trisec'tion, n. triu'nity, n. triphthon'gal, a. tris'past, n. triv'ial, a. triph'yllous, a. trisperm'ous, a. triv'ially, ad. trip'le, a. & v. trisulc', n. triv'ialness, n. trip'let, n. tris'yllable, n. trivalv'ular, a. TRIB-O (rgW), to rub or wear by friction. ~~ rtribom'eter, n. ***tribula'tion, n. TRIB-US, f 4. (a tres), a tribe: as, tribunici'an, or tit buniti'al, pertaining to, or suiting Tribunes. ttttribe, n. tribu'nal, n. trib'unary, a. and thickness. Trine, in astrology, the aspect of planets, forming the figure of a trigon or triangle.' * Trinervate, Trinerve, Trinerved, in botany, having three nerves or unbrancl ed vessels meeting in the base of the leaf. f Trinity; in thec!ogy, the union of three persons in one Godhead, the Fatihe the Son, and the Holy Spirit t Trinomial, in mathematics, a root of three terms or parts. Trio, a concert of three parts.; three united. II Tripartite, divided into three parts. IT Triplicate, made thrice as much, threefold. ** Tripod, Tripos, see p. 338. tt Trspyramid, in mineralogy, a genus of spars. it l'rradiated, having three rays. X Trisect, to cut or divide into three equal parts. 1111 Triton, see p. 466. 1III Triumvir, one of three men united in office having equal power. The first of the triumvirs of Rome were Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey. 1~ Tribometer, an instrument to ascertain the degree of friction. *** Tribulation, literally, a throbbing or beating; severe affliction; distresses of life; vexations. In Scripture, it often denotes the troubles and distresses which proceed from persecution. ttt Tribe, a family, race, or series of generations, descending from the same progenitor, and kept distinct,-as, in the case of the twelve tribes of Israel, descended from the twelve sons of Jacob. A division, a class or distinct por. tion of people. The city of Athens was divided into ten tribes. Rome was originally divided by Romulus into three tribes; afterward into thirty tribes, and then into thirty-five. A number of things having certain characters or resena blances in common; a nation of savages. 42 TRI 476 TRI trtb'unary, a. trib'uneship, n. tribuniti'al, a. * Trib'une, n. tribunici'an, a. tribuniti'ous, a. TRIBU1'-Uw, SUp. (i tribuo, v. 3. to give), to give: as, attrib'ute, to give to; contrib'ute, to give with or together; distrib'ute, to give in parts. at'lribute, re. contrib'utive, a. re-distrib'uted, a. attrib'ute, v. contrib'utor, n. re-distrib'uting, a. attrib'uted, a. contrib'utory, a. retrib'ute, v. attrib'uting, a. distrib'ute, v, retrib'uted, a. attrib'utable, a. distrib'uted, a. retrib'uter, n. attribu'tion, n. distrib'uter, n. retrib'uting, a. attrib'utive, a. & n. distrib'uting, a. tretribu'tion, n. contrib'ute, v. distributtion, n. retrib'utive, or contrib'uted, a. distrib'utive, a. & n. retrib'utory, a. contrib'utary, a. distrib'utively, ad. ttrib'ute, n. contrib'uting, a. knee-trib'ute, n. trib'utary, a. & n. contribu'tion, n. re-distrib'ute, v. undistrib'uted, a. TRIC-.E, f. 1. (A 6:,,rgjXoS), a let or impediment: as, ex'tricate, to free from, to disentangle. ex'tricable, a. in'tricable, a. intrig'uingly, ad. ex'tricate, v. in'tricacy, n. ~trick, n. & v. ex'tricated, a.. in'tricate, a. trick'ed, a. ex'tricating, a. in'tricately, ad. trick'er, n. extrica'tion, n. in'tricateness, n. trick'ery, n. inex'tricable, a. Ilintrigue', n. & v. trick'ing, a. & n. inex'tricably, ad. intrig'uer, n,. trick'ish, a. inex'tricableness, n. intrig'uing, a. TRIPUDr-uT.JI, n. 2. dancing. tripu'diary, a. tripudia'tion, n. TRIUMPH-US, m. 2. victory, joy for success. **tri'unmph, n. & v. triumph'al, a. triumpt'ant, a. * Tribune, in ancient Rome, an officer or magistrate chosen by the people to protect them from the oppression of the patricians or nobles. t Retribution, literally, a geving or paying back in kind; repayment, return accommodated to the action; compensation. (See Restituteon, p. 430.) t Tribute, that which is give,. or paid; a tax. 6 Intricate, entangled, involved, perplexed, complicated, obscure. ll Intrigue, a plot or scheme of a complicated nature, intended to effect some purpose by secret artifices ~ Trick, an artifice or stratagem for the puriposes of deception; a cheat or cheating. **Trit.mpl, among. the ancient Rormans, a pompous ceremony performed in honnour of the victorious general, who was allowed to enter the city crowned, originally with laurel, but in later times,with gold, bearing a truncheon in one, nand, and. a branch of laurel in the other, riding in a chariot drawn by two white horses, and fbllowed by the kings, princes, and generals, whom he had.. TLO -I 477 TRO triumph'antly, ad. tri'umphing, a. untri'umphed, a. tri'umpher, n, *trump, n. untri'umrphable, a. TRocHAI-OS (Tgoxasog, Ta g6EXW, to run), that runs. ftro'chee, n. ]Itro'chite, n. truck'age, n. trocha'ic, a. & n. ~troch'lea, n. trucker, n. trocha'ical, a. troch'leary, a. truck'ing, a. Itrochil'ics, n. **tro'choid, n. tttruck'le, n. & v. trochil'ic, a. tttruck, v, & n. truck'ling, a. tro'chilus, n. TROPH-E (rgor(p, A'rg~qw, to nourish), food; a rearing. 2 at'rophy, n. orphanot'rophy, n. Troph'imus, n. TROP-OS (-gOtO9g, Tgsrow, to turn), a turning, a change. I[[Ihe'liotrope, n. tffttrop'ical, a. {Q{tropol'ogy, az. intertropical, a. trop'ically, ad. tropolog'ical, a. T[~trope, n. tttro'phy, n. ll1t1ro'Pist, n. ***troplic, a. & n. tro'phied, a. TROUV-ER, v. (Fr.) to find: as, contrive', to invent; re. trieve', to recover. vanquished, loaded with chains, and insulted by mimics and buffoons. The triumph was of two kinds, the greater and the less. The lesser triumvh was granted for a victory over enemies of less considerable power, and was called an ovation. (See Ovation, p. 284.) * Trump, the winning card in a-game. t Trochee, in verse, a fbot of two syllables, the first long, and the second sh.rt Trochilics, the science of rotary motion. $ Trochilus, an aquatic bird; the golden-crowned wren; the humming bird or honey-sucker, natives of America; in architecture, a hollow ring round a column;-called also scotia, and by the workmen, the casement. II Trochite, a kind of figured fossil stone. T Trochlea, a pulley-like cartilage. *~ Trochoid, in geometry, a curve generated by the motion of a wheel; the cycloid. tt Truck, to exchange commodities; to barter. (Truck is now vulgai'.) It Truckle (dim. of truck), to yield or bend obsequiously to the will of' another to submit, to creep. 9. Atrophy, a consumption or wasting of the flesh from defect of nourishment. 1111 Heliotrope, (see p. 175.) [~~ Trope, a turning a word from its literal into a figurative meaning, f)r the sake of giving life or emphasis to an idea,-as, when we call a stupid fillow, an ass, or a shrewd fellow, a fox. s*iTropic, a turning, or the line which bounds the sun's dec lination from the equator. north or south. There are two tropics; the tropic of Cancer on the north of the equator; tropic of Capricorn on the south. Tropics, in gengraphiy, are two lesser circles of the globe, drawn parallel to the equator, throtgh file beginning of Cancer and of Capricorn. ttt Tropical, belonging to a trope, or near the tropic. tit Trophy, spoil taken and preserved as a memorial of vi.ttor, —as arms flags, standards, and the like, taken from an enemy;-something tilhnt is evi dence of victory; memorial of conquest..y4 Tropology, a rhetorical mode of speech, including tropes or change fro: the original import of the word. 111111 Tropist, one who uses tropey. TRU 478 TUB contrive', v. contrive'ment, n.' etrieve', v. contri'ved, a. contri'ving, a. & n. retrie'ved, a. contri'ver, n. irretrievable, a. retrie'vable, a. contri'vable, a. irretrie'vably, ad. retrie'ving, a. contri'vance, n. irretrie'vableness, n. *tro'ver, n. TRUCID-o, V. 1.. ( trux & credo, v. 3. to cut or kill), to Ikta -trucida'tion, n. TRUD-O, trusum, v. 3. (Chal. Tnr, to thrust), to thrust, to push: as, detrude', to thrust down; extrude', to thrust out; obtrude', to thrust in or on; protrude', to thrust forward. abstrude', v., tintrude', v. obtrusive, a. [abstruse', a. intru'ded, a. obtru'sively, ad. abstruse'ly, ad. intru'der, n. protrude', v. abstruse'ness, n. intru'ding, a. protruded, a. detrude', v. intru'sion, n. protru'ding, a. detru'ded, a. intru'sive, a. protru'sion, n. detru'ding, a. intru'sively, ad. protru'sive, a. detru'sion, n. obtrude', v. retrude', v. extrude', v. obtru'ded, a. retruse', a. extru'ded, a. obtru'der, n. tru'sion, n. extru'sion, n. obtruding, a. unobtru'sive, a. extru'sive, a. obtrusion, n. TRUNC-O, truncatum, v. 1. (a truncus, m. 2. the trunk), to lop, to cut off: as, detrun'cate, obtrun'cate, to cut off. detrun'cate, v. trunc'ate, v. & a. Otrun'cheon, n. & v. detrunca'tion, n. trunc'ated, a. trun'cheoneer, n. obtrun'cate, v. trunc'ating, a. I1runk, n. obtrunca'tion, n. trunca'tion, n. trunk'ed, a. TRUTT-A, f. 1. trout-trutta'ceous, a. trout, n. TRUX, uc-is,.a. fierce, savage, cruel. tru'culence, n. tru'culent, a. TUBER, n. 3. (a tumeo, v. 2. to swell), a swelling or bump. * Trover, inlaw, the gaining possession of any goods, whether by finding, or by other means. 1' Abstruse, thrust from or away; hid, concealed; hence, remote from apprehenlsion, difficult to be comprehended or understood. (Not used of material obiects.) i Intrude, to thrust one's self in; to come or go in without invitation or wel come; to encroach. i Truncheon, a'short staff; a club; a cudgel; a baton; used by kings and great officers as a mark of command. II Trunk, the stem or body of a tree;, the main body of any thing; thc snout o)f elephants or insects, fust or shaft of a column; a box covered with skin. TUB 479 TUM as, extu'berant, swelled; protu'berate, to swell or buge out; tu'berose or tu'berous, knobbed. extu'berance, n. protu'berant, a. ftu'bercle, n. extu'berancy, n. protu'berate, v. tuber'cular, or extu'berant, a, protu'berating, a. tuber'culous, a. extu'berate, v. protubera'tion, n. tuber'culate, a. extubera'tion, n. protu'berous, a, tu'berose, or protu'berance, n. *tu'ber, n.' tu'berdus, a. TUB-US, m. 2. a pipe or tube, a long hollow body. tube, n. & v. tu'bular, a. tu'buliform, a. ttu'bule, n., tu'bulated, a. tu'bulous, a. TUE-OR, tuitus, v. dep. 2. to see or perceive, to keep or take care of, to protect: as, tu'telary, protecting. intuiti'on, n. tu'telar, or tu'toring, a. fintu'itive, a. tu'telary, a. tu'toress, or intu'itively, ad. **tu'tor, n. & v. tu'trix, n. subtu'tor, n. tu't.orage, n. tu'torship, n. Iltuiti'on, n. tu'tored, a. untu'tored, a. ~tu'telage, n. TuME-o, v. 2. to swell; to puff up: as, entomb', to inter nr bury; intumesce', to swell; tum'ble, to roll, to fall; tu'mefy, to swell. ticon'tumacy, n. contume'liousiess, n.lllltomb, n. contuma'cious, a. entomb', v. V- tomb'less, a. contuma'ciously, ad. entomb ed, a. tomb'-stone, n. contuma'ciousness, n. entomb'ing, a. tum'ble, v. & -n Stcon'tumely, n. entomb'ment, n. tum'bled, a. con'tumeliness, n. llextumes'cence, n. tum'bler, n. contume'lious, a. intumesce', v. tum'bling, a. contumeliously, ad. intumes'cence, n. tu'mefy, v. * Tuber, in botany, a knob in roots. t iTubercle, a pimple, a knob, a swelling or tumor on animals or plants. I Tubule, small pipe or Jistular body. $ Intuitive, perceived by the mind immediately, without the intervention of argument or testimony; exhibiting truth to the mind on bare inspection. II TlMtion, guardianship; more particularly, instruction. ~ Tutelage, guardianship, protection,-applied to the person protecting. ** Tutor, a guardian, one-who has the care of instructing another; a teacher, also, to teach, to instruct; to correct. ft Contumacy literally, a swelling against, haughtiness. Hence, stubborn ness, unyielding obstinacy, inflexibility. In law, a wilful contempt and dies obedience to an), lawful summons or order of court. t$ Contumely, literally, a swelling against; rudeness or reproach, compounded of haughtiness and contempt; contemptuousness, insolence, contemptuous lan gaage.. Elxtumescence, a swelling or rising. 1111 Tomb, a grave, a monument erected to preserve thememory of the deadJ — because anciently a healp of earth uwnq raised over the dead. 42-*: TUN 480 TUR tusnlefied, a. ttump, v. & n. **tumult'uary, a. tu'mefying, a. tump'ed, a. tumult'uarily, ad. tumefac'tion, n. tump'ing, a. tumult'uariness, n. *tu'mid, a. {tu'mular, a. tumult'uate, v. tu'midly, ad. tu'mulate, v. tumultua'tion, n. tu'midness, n. l[tu'mulose, or tttumult'uous, a. ttu'mor, n. tu'mulous, a. tumult'uously5 ad. tu'mored, a. tumnulos'ity, n. tumult'uousness, n. tu'morous, a. ~tu'mult, n. & v. TUND-o, tusum, v. 3. to beat, to bruise, to blunt: as, contund' or contuse', to beat, to bruise; obtund!, to-blunt, to dull. contund', v. ttobtuse', a. pertu'sed, a. contuse', v. obtuse'ly, ad. pertu'sion, n. contu'sion, n. obtuse'ness, n. Illlretund', v. obtund', v. obtu'sion, n. retuse', a. obtusang'ular, a. d pertuse', or TUNIC-I, f. 1. a Wuhite woollen vest worn by the Romans below the toga; a covering, a coat. tu'nic, n. ~~tu'nicated, a. ***tu'nicle, n. TURB-A., f. 1. (,rugi or dopgulo), a disturbance or confusion; a crowd: as, disturb', to stir, to disquiet. disturb', v. imperturba'tion, n. perturba'tor, or disturb'ed, a. imrerturb'ed, a. perturb'er, n. disturb'er, n. perturb', or troub'le, v. & n. disturb'ing, a. perturb'ate,. v. troub'led, a. disturb'ance, n. fit perturba'tion, n. troub'ler, n. imperturb'able, a. perturb'ed, a. troub'lesome, a. * Tumid, being swelled, enlarged or distended; protuberant; swollen; swelling in sound or sense; pompous, puffy, bombastic, falsely sublime. I Tumor, a swelling. + Tump, in gardening, to form a mdss of earth or a hillock round.a plant; also, a little hillock. ~ Tumular, belonging to a heap. il Tumulose or Tumulous, full of hills or hillocks. IF Tumult, literally, a violent swelling of sounds or motion; the commotion, dis'urbance, or agitation of a multitude, usually accompanied with great noise, uproar, and confusion of voices; violent commotion or agitation with confusion of sotunds; agitation, high excitement, irregular or confused motion; bus'tle, smir. ** Tumultuary, belonging to tumult; disorderly, promiscuous, confused; rest..ess, agitated, unquiet. iti Tumultuous, conducted with tumult; disorderly, noisy, confilsed, irregu. lar: agitated, disturbed; turbulent, violent; full of tumult and disorder. t$ Obtuse, blunt, not acute or pointed; dull; not sharp or shrill.'' Pertuse or Pertused, pierced with holes; punched. IIII Retund, to blunt or turn, as an edge; to dull. I~N Tunicated, in botany, covered with a-tunic or membranes; coated, —as, a stem. *"* Tunicle, a natural covering; an integument.'+t Perturbation, disquiet or agitation of mind; restlessness of passions. TUR 481 TYP' troublesomely, ad. tur'bidness, n. ttur'moil, n. & v. troub'lesomeness, n. ttur'bulence, n. undisturb'ed, a. troub'ling, a. & n. tur'bulency, n. undisturb'edly, ad. troub'lous, a. tur'bulent; a. undisturb'edness. n *tur'bid, a. tur'bulently, ad. untroub'led, a. TURBO, in-zs, m. 3. a whirlwind; a top, a spire. Pturbil'lion, n. Iltur'binate, or ~ tur'binite, or turbina'tion, n. tur'binated, a. tur'bite, n. TURG-EO, v. 2. to swell, to wax big. **inturges'cence, n. turg6s'cency, n. tur'gidness, n. tur'gent, a. ftttur'gid, a. turgid'ity, n. turges'cence, n. tur'gidly, ad. TURIO, on-is, m. 3. a shoot-turionif'erous, a. TURP-IS, a. ugly or deformed; base —1ftur'pitude, n. TURR-IS, f. 3. a tower-~~tur'ret, n. tur'reted, a. TYPH-O (r-uXpw), to inflame or heat, to burn. lllty'phus, a. & n. ~ty'phoid, a. TYP-US, m. 2. (w-uxog), a type or figure, an emblem, a mark: as, ec'typal, taken from the original. ***an'titype, n. pretyp'ified, a. stereotypog'raphy, %. antityp'ical, a. pretyp'ifying, a. stereotypog'rapher,n titar'chitype, n. pro'totype, n. Illllltype, n. ar'chitypal, a. ster'eotype, n. a. & v. typ'ic, a. tttec'type, n. ster'eotyper, n. typ'ical, a. ec'typal, a. ster'eotyping, a. typ'ically, ad. fflpretyp'ify, v. stereotyp'ic, a. typ'icalness, n. * Turbid, muddy, hot clear, foul. t Turbulence, a distracted state, tumultuousness, insubordination. t'urmoil, disturbance, tumult, harassing labour; trouble, molestation by tumult.. Turbillion, a whirl, a vortex. II Turbinate or Turbinated, spiral, shaped like a top or cone inverted. T Turbinite or Turbite, a petrified shell of' the'turbo kind. *s Inturgescence, a swelling. tt Turgid, swelled, bloated, tumid; pompous, bombastic. ft Turpitude, inherent baseness or vileness of principle of the human heart, extreme depravity; baseness or vileness of words or actions; shameful wickedness. T'urret, a little tower on buildings. IIll A typhus disease, or fever, is accompanied with great debility. I~ Typhoid. resembling typhus; weak,;:ow. *** Antitype, a figure corresponding to another figure; that of which the type is the pattern or representation. -t- Archzt ype, the original pattern or model of a work; or the model front wvnich a thing is made. (See Prototype, p. 434.) ttt Ectype, a copy. %~ Pretypify, to prefigure, to exhibit previously in a type. 11111I Type, a sign, symbol; a figure of something to come;-as, Abraham7 a.acrzfice and the paschal lamb were types of Christ,-opposed to antitype Christ. m this case, is the antitype. A printing letter; a mark, an emblem. TYR 482 ULC *typlify, v. Itypog'raphy, i. typograph'ical, e. typ'ified, a. typog'rapher, n. typograph'ically, ad. typ'ifying, a. typograph'ic, a. ]typ'olite, it. jtyp'ocosmy, n. TI-RANN-UIS, m. 2. (vugaovvos), an arbitrary king, a usurper, a despot; a. cruel or insolent master. ty'rant, n7. tyran'nical, a. tyr'annivzed, a. tyr'anness, n. tyran'nically, ad. tyr'annizing, a. tyr'anny, n. tyran'nicalness, n. tyrannous, a. tyr'anning, a. Iltyran'nicide, n. tyr'annously, ad. tyran'nic, a. ~tyr'annize, v. TYRO or TLRO, m. 3. a young or raw soldier, a learner or novice in any art or thing-ty'ro, n. U. UBER, a. (ab uber, n. 3. a nipple or pap), fertile, plentiful, abundant: as, exu'berant, abundant. exu'berance, n,. exu'berantly, ad. **u'berty, n. exu'berancy, n. exu'berate, v. ftu'berous, a. exu'berant, a. UBI ('rou), adv. where, in what or which place. tu-bica'tion, or Hubiq'uity, n. ubiq'uitariness, n. ubi'ety, n. Illubiq'uitary, a. & n, ULCITS, er-is, n. 3. ( a0xos), a sore: as, exul'cerate, to cause ulcers, to corrode; ul'cer, a sore discharging a thin watery matter. exul'cerate, v. & a, exulcera'tion, n. ul'cerate, v. exul'cerated, a. exul'ceratory, a. ul'cerated, a. exul'cerating, a. ul'cer, n. ul'cerating, a. * Typify. to represent by an image, form, model, or resemblance. The wash ing of baptism typifies the cleansing of the soul from sin by the blood of Christ t Typocosmy, a repr'esentation of the world. t rypography, the art of printing; emblematical or hieroglyphic -epresentation. ~ Typolite, a stone or fossil, having inmpressions or Jigures of plants and aninlals. II Tyrannicide, the act of killing a:-tyrant, or one who kills a tyrant. ~ yrannize, to act the tyrant, to exercise arbitrary power; to rule with unjust and oppressive severity. ** Uberty, abundande, fruitfuliess. it Uberous, fruitful, copious. 1r Ubication; Ubiety, the state of being in a place; local, relative, S Ubiquity. (ab ublque, adv. everywhere), the being in all places or everywhere at the same time; omnipresence.!II Ubiquitary, existing everywhere or in all places; also, one who exists everyuwhere. ULI 483 UMB ulcera'tion, n. ul'cerous, a. *ul'cusle n. ul'cered, a. ul'cerousness, n. ULIGO, ~n-is, f. 3. slime, mud, ooziness-ulig'inous, a. UJLTIM-us, a. (ab ultra, beyond, ulterior, f.arther), last: as, antepenult', the last syllable but two. antepenult', n. outra'geousness, n. Oul'timate, a. antepenult'imate, a. pe'nult, n. ul'timately, ad. fout'rage, n. & v. penult'imate, a. IlEultima'tum, n. outra'geous, a. $ulte'rior, a. ultim'ity, n. outra'geously, ad. ULuL-o, v. 1. to howl-~[u'lulate, v. ulula'tion, n. UMBELL —, f 1. (ab umbra), a little shadow or screen. **um'bel, n. um'bellar, a. ttum'bellet, or um'bellate, or umbellif'erous, a. umbel'licle, n. um'bellated, a. UMBILIC-US, m. 2. (4tqtaXo0s), the navel. ftumbil'ic, n. & a. ~umbil'icate, or umbil'icated, a. umbil'ical, a. UMBR-a, f. a shadow or shade: as, adum'brate, to give a faint shadow or likeness; inum'brate, to shade. adum'brant,a. ***um'brage, n. titumbrat'ic, or adum'brate, v. umbra'geous, a. umbrat'ical, a. adumbra'tion,n. umbra'geousness, n. lhumbra'tious, a. inum'brate,v. umlbrate,. llllurn'brel, or lllobum'brate, v. um'brated, a. umbrel'la, n. obumbra'tion, n. tttum'bratile,- a. umbros'ity, n. ~T~penum'bra, n. * Ulcusle, a little ulcer. t Outrage, injurious violence offered to persons or things; excessive abuse wanton mischief. A violent attack upon a person of property is an ou-trage. t Ulterior, further; in geography, being, or situated beyond or on the further side of any line or boundary;-opposed to citerior, orlhither. _ Ultimate, farthest, most remote, extreme; final, last. I1 Ultimatum, in diplomacy, the final propositions, conditions, or terms, offered as the basis of a treaty; any final proposition or condition. I Ululate,- to howl as a dog or wolf ** Umbel, in botany, a particular mode of inflorescence or flowering. tf Umbellet or Umlbellicle, a little or partial umbel. tS Umbilic, the navel; the centre. ~~ Umbilicate, Umbilicated, navel-shaped; formed in the middle like a navel, -as a flower, fruit, or leaf. 1III Obumbrate, Umbrate, to shade, to darken, to cloud. r~~ Penumbra, in astronomy, a partial shade, or an imperfect shadow. *** Umbrage, a-shade, a skreen of trees; suspicion of injury; offence, resent. ment. ttt Umbratilel being in the shade; unreal; secluded. ttt Umbratic, Umbratical, shadowy, typical. bt. Umbratious, suspicious, apt to distrust, captious, disposed t take umbrage. 111111 U.mbrel, Umbrella, a shade, skreen. or guard against the rays of the sun. or against rain or snow. UND 484 UNU UND-O, undatum, v. 1. (ab undai-f. 1. a wave), to rise in waves or surges, to swell; to abound: as, redund'ant, superfluous abound', v. inun'dating, a. superabund'ance, n. abound'ed, a. inuinda'tion, n. superabund'ant, a. abound'ing, n. & a. redound', v. superabund'antly, ad Cabund'ance, n. redound'ing, a. un'dulary, a. abund'ant, a. redund'ance, n. Oun'dulate, v. & a. abund'antly, ad. redund'anCy, n. un'dulated, a. texund'ate, v. redundant, a.' un'dulating, a. exunda'tion, ft. redund'antly, ad. un'dulatingly, ad. inun'dant, an superabound', v- undula'tion, n, tinun'date, vs superabound'ing, a. Ilun'dulatory, a. inun'dated, a. UNGU-IS, m. 3. a nail; a claw or talon. solidun'gulous, a. **unguic'ulate, or ttun'gulate, a. ~unguic'ulari, a. unguic'ulated, a. UNGu-o, unctum, v. 3. to anoint: as, un'guinous, unctuous, oily. 4Tinunc'tion, n. unc'tuousness, n. un'guinous, a. O inunctuos'ity, n. iunctuos'ity, n. oint, v. Illlunc'tion, n. ***ung'uent, n. oint'ment, n. ~~Tunc'tuous, a. unguent'ous, a. anoint, v. UN-US, a. one, alone; the same: as, disunite', to separate, to part; unan'imous, of one mind; u'nion, a making one; u'nison, one sound; u'nit, one; unite', to make into one; u'nity, the being one. 4ttco-ad'unate, a. co-unite', v. & a. disu'nion, n. ittco-aduniti'on, n. disu'niform, a. disunite', v. * Abundance, great plenty. t Exundate, to overflow. t Inundate, overflow, to deluge, to spread over with a fluid. S Uindulate, to move back and forth, or up and down, as waves; to wave; to,vibrate; also, wayv. II Undulatory, playing like waves, wavznr. ~[ Unguicular, in botany, of the length of the human nails, or half an inih. ** Unguiculate, Unguiculated, clawed, having clawus; in botany, clawed, hav. ing a narrow base. It Ungulate, shaped like a hoof 1t Inunction, the action of anointing. ~ Inunctuosity, the want of unctuosity or oiliness. lI Unction, the act of anointing; any thing softening; that which excites piety and devotion; divine or sanctifying grace, 1 John i. Extreme unction, the -ite of anointing in the last hours; or the application of sacred oil to the parts where the five senses reside. ~1' Unctuous, fat, oily, greasy *** ZUnguent, ointment. An unguent is stiffer than a linimept, blt softer than a cerate. ttt Coadunate leaves, in botany, are several united at the base. Utt Coadunition, the union of different substances in one mass. URA 485 ITRA disuni'ted, a. bunig'enous, a. un0'ter, n. disuni'ter, n. Ilunigen'iture, n. uni'ting, a. dlisuni'ting, a. ~unila'biate, a. uniti'on, n. disu'nity, n. -unilat'eral, a. u'nitive, a. re-unite', v, & n. **unilit'eral, a. u'nity, n. re-uni'ted, a. tuniloc ular, a. **u'nivalve, n. & a. re-uni'ting, a. u'nion, n. univalv'ular, a. re-u'nion, n. \ tunip'arous, a. ittu'niverse, n. triune', a. PPundque', a. Iltunivers'al, a. & in tri-iu'nity, n. Illlunira'diated, a. univers'ally, ad. unanim'ity, n. u'nison, n. & a, univers'alness, n.' unan'imous. a. un/s'onous, a. &Q&univers'alism, n. unan'imously, ad. unis'onance, a. universtalist, n. unan'imousness, n. unis'orant, a, I[lllluniversal'ity, n. "unicap'sular, a. u'nit, n. ~ ~~univers'ity, n. u'nicorn, n. u'nitable, a. ****univ'ocal, a. unicorn'ous, a. T~~unita'rian, a. & n. univ'ocally, ad. iunif'lorous, a. unita'rianism, n. ti tu'nivoque, or tu'niform, a. & n. unite', v. u'nivoke, a. u'niformly, ad. uni'ted, a. ttitunivoca'tion, n. uniform'ity, n. uni'tedly, ad. unu,'niform, a. URAN-OS (o03avOg)-, heaven. QQuranog'raphy, n. 11lllllluranol'ogy, n. uranos'copy, n. * Unicapsular, having one capsule to each flower,;-as a pericarp. t Unfloarous, bearing one flower only. Uniform, of one form or manner; also, the particular dress of soldiers,-so called, because it is alike among all the soldiers. Q Unigenous, of one kind; of the same genus. 11 Unigeriiture, the state of being the only begotten. T Unilabiate, in botany, having one lip only,-.as a corol. ** Uniliteral, consisting of one letter only. tt Unilocular,- having one cell only. ft Uniparous, producing one at a birth. X Unique, (Fr.) sole, without an equal. 111 Uniradiated, having one ray ~~I Unitarian, one who believes that there is only one person in the God head, —opposed to Triniitarian. The Arian and Socinian are both compre. hended in the term Unitarian. "*** Univalve, having one valve,-as a shell or pericarp; also, a shell having one valve only. HI't Universe, the collective name of heaven and earth, and all that be longs to them; the whole system of created things; the ro7rav of the Greeks and the mundus of the Latins. -$t Universal, all, -the whole. 6$ Universalism, in theology, the doctrine or belief that all men will be saved or made happy in a future life. 111111 Universality, the state of extending to the whole.' ~~~F University, a universal school, in which are taught all branches- of learning, or the four; faculties of theology, medicine, law, and the satwces and arts **** Univocal, having one meaning only. tttt Univoque or Univoke, in music, having the octave and its ret:urrences, albove and below. tlt: Univocation, agreement of name and meaning.~. Uranograpihy, a description of the heavens., I1111l Uranology, a discourse or treatise on the heavens. URB 486 UST UnBS, f 3. a city qr town: as, ur'bane, belonging to a city, civil, polite, courteous in manners. inurban'ity, n. sub'urbed, a. urb'al, a. sub'urb, or suburb'ial, a. urb'ane, a. *sub'urbs, n. suburb'ian, a. urban'ity, n. fsuburb'an, a. tsuburbica'rian, a. urb'anize, v. URc —EO, v. 2. to press on, to push: as, urg'ent, pressing with importunity or necessity, violent. unurg'ed, a. urg'ency, n. urg'er, n. urge, v. urg'ent, a. urg'ing, a. urg'ed, a. urg'ently, ad. URIN-_., f. 1. (ouov), animal water. diuret'ic, a. & n. strangu'rious, a. u'rinal, n. & a. dys'ury, n. u'rea, n. -- u'rinary, a. & n. is'chury, n. u'reter, n. u'rinous, a. is'churet'ic, a. & n. ure'thra, n. u'rinative, a. stran'gury, n. u'rine, n. uros'copy, n. URS-A, f. 1. the bear; a bear. ~ur'sa, n. urs'iform, a. urs'ine, a. UST-UJ, Sup. (ab uro, v. 3.) to burn: as, adure', to burn up; combustible, that will take fire and burn. Nadust', or combust'ible, a. & n.#*exus'tion, n. adust'ed, a. combust'ibleness, n. incombust'ible, a. adust'ible, a. combustibil]'ity, n. incombust'ibleness,n adus'tion, n. combus'tion, n. incombustibil'ity, n. l~ambus'tion, n. combust'ive, a. inure', v. * Suburbs, a building without the walls of a city, but near thenl; or more generally, the parts that lie without the walls, but in the vicinity of a city. The word may signify buildings, streets, or territory. 1 Seuburban, Suburbial, Surburbian, inhabiting or being in the suburbs af a city. Suburbicarian or Suburbicary, being in the suburbs;-an epithet applied *to the provinces of Italy, which composed the ancient diocese of Rome. U Ursa, the bear, a constellation, the greater or lesser bear, near the north pole. " Adust, Adusted, become hot or dry, burnt, scorched, hot and fiery. ~ Ambustion, among physicians, a burning; a burn or scald. ** Exustion, the act or operation of burning up. UTE 487 UTG *inus'tion, n. tusto'rious, a. Tustula'tion, n. us'tion, n. UTER-Us, m. 2. (ab uter, m. 3. a bag of skin or leather), the womb-u'terine, a. ~u'tricle, n. utric'ular, a. UTOPIA, MJore's ideal or imaginary commonwealth. uto'pian, a. UT-OR, USUS, v. dep. 3. to use: as, abuse', ill use, reviling words; disuse', to cease to use; inutility, uselessness. abuse', v. & n; misu'sed, a. ftu'sage, n. abu'sed, a. misu'sage, n..tu'sance, n. abu'ser, n. misu'sing, a. use'ful, a. abu'sing, a. **peruse', v. use'fully, ad. abu'sion, n. peru'sed, a. use'fulness, n. abu'sive, a. peru'ser, n. use'less, a. abu'sively, ad. peru'sing, a. use'lessly, ad. abu'siveness, n. peru'sal, n. use'lessness, n. disuse', n. & v. unu'sed, a.~ u'sual, a. disu'sed, a. unuseful, a. u'sually, ad. disu'sage, n. unu'sual, a. u'sualness, n. disu'3ing, a. unu'sually, ad. &Ousucap'tion, n. inabu'sively, ad. unu'sualness, n. Illlu'sufruct, n. inu'tile, a. use, n. & v. T~~usufruct'uary, n. inutil'ity, n. u'sed, a. u'surer, n. Ilinusita'tion, n. u'ser, n. **fu'sury, n. ~misuse', v. & n. u'sable, a. usu'rious, a. * Inustion, a burning on, a branding, or the action of marking by burning. t Ustorious, having the quality of burning or scaring.. Ustulation, in metallurgy, the operation of expelling one substance front another by heat,-as sulphur and arsenic from ores, in a muffle. In pharmacy. the roasting or drying of moist substances, so as to prepare them for pulverizing; also, the burning of wine. O Utricle, a little bag or bladder; a little cell; a reservoir in plants to receive tis sap; a capsule of one cell, and containing a solitary seed. II Inusitation, neglect of use; disuse.' Misuse, to treat or use improperly. or ill; to use to a bad purpose. ** Peruse, literally, to use thoroughly; to read, or to read with attention, to oserve. ti Usage, treatment; use, or long continued use, custom. tS Usance, use, usury; in commerce, a determinate time fixed fol the payment of bills of exchange; —so called, because this time is settled by usage, or the'custom of places on which the bills are drawn. In France, the usance for. bills drawn from Spain or Portugal, is sixty days. At London, the usance for bills drawn from Holland, Germany, or France, is one month. ~ Usucaption, in civil law, the same as prescription in common law; the acq uisition of the title or right to property, by the uninterrupted and undisputed possession of it for a certain'time prescribed by law. JII Usufruct, the temporary use and enjoyment of lands or tenements. ~~ Usufructuary, a person who has the use and enjoyment of property for a time, without having the title or property. ** Usury,'formerly, interest or premium to be paid for the use of money; in 43, UVA 488 VAD usu'riously, ad. usurp'er, n. futen'sil, n. usuriousness, n. usurp'ing, a. u'tile, n. & a. u'surp', v. usurp'ingly, ad. tutil'ity, n. usurp'ed, a. usurpa'tion, n. u'tilize, v. UV-R, f. 1. a grape-u'veous, a. UxoR, fi 3. a wife: as, uxor'icide, the killing, or a killei of a wife; uxo'rious, submissively fond of a wije. uxor'icide, n. uxo'riously, ad. uxo'riousness, n. uxo'rious, a. V. VACC —a,. 1. a cow: as, vac'cine, of a couw. 6vac'cary, n. Ilvac'cinate, e. vac'cinating, a. vac'cine, a. vac'cinated, a. vaccination, n. VAC-o, v. 1. to be empty, to want, to he at leisure: evac'u. ate, to empty; va'cant, empty, unoccupied. eva'cate, v. evactuatory, a. ttvaca'tion, n. evac'uant, n. & a. ~supervaca'neous, a. T$vac'uum, n. evac'uate, v. va'cancy, n. {{vatcuist, n. evac'uated, a. va'cant, a. vacua'tion, n. evac'uating, a. **va'cate, v. Illlvacu'ity, n. evacua'tion, n. va'cated, a. ~~f~vac'uous, a. evac'uator, n. va'cating, a. vac'uousness, n. VACILL —, V. 1. to move to and fro, to stagger or totter, to waver: as, vac'illate, to waver, to fluctuate. fic'kle, a. vac'illate, v. vac'illancy, n. fic'kly, ad. vac'illating, a. vac'illant, a. fic'kleness, n. vacilla'tion, n. VAD-O, vasum, v.' 3. to go: as, pervade', to go or pass through. present usage, illegal or exorbitant interest; premium or compensation paid for.he use of money, beyond the rate of interest established by law. * Ursurp, to seize and hold in possession by force, or without right. (Usurp is not applied to common dispossession of private property.) t Utensil, an instrument fbr any use. t Utility, usefulness. TVaccary, an old word signifying a cow-house, dairy-house, or a cow-pasture 11 Va1Ccinate, to inoculate with the cow-pox, or a virus originally taken fronn cows, called vaccine matter.,~ Supervacaneous, superfluous, unnecessary, serving no purpose. ** Vacate, to make vacant, to annul. +f Vacation, intermission of studies or employment. it Vacuum, empty space, devoid of air. 06 Vac,idst, one who holds the doctrine of a -vacuum in nature,-opposed to a sle7inst.J Ill Vacuity, emptiness, empty space. %~; Vacuous, empty, unfilled, void. ** Fickle, wavering, inconstant, unstable. of a changing mind. VAG 489 VAL *evade', v. - finvade', v. perva'ded, a. eva'ded, a. inva'ded, a. perva'ding, a. eva'ding, a. inva'der, n. perva'sion, n. eva'sion, n. inva'ding, a. perva'sive, a. eva'sive, a. inva'sion, n. tvade-me'cum, n. euva'sively, ad. inva'sive, a. lwade, v. eva'siveness, n. pervade', v. wa'ding, a. VAGCIN-Aq, f. 1. a sheath, a case: as, vag'inal, of a shealth vag'inal, a. vag'inated, a. ~Tvagino-pen'nous, a. llvag;inant, a. VAG-us, a. wandering: as, extrav'agant, wandering beyond limits, excessive, wild. **evaga'tion, n.'tfmultiv'agant, or vag'abondry, n. extrav'agance, n. multiv'agous, a. Illvaga'ry, n. & v. extrav'agancy, n. mundiv'agant, a. va'grancy, n. extrav'agant, a. & n. 1$noctiv'agant, a. TT~~va'grant, a. & n. extrav'agantly, ad. noctivaga'tion, n. ***va'gue, a. extrav'agantness, n. soliv'agant, a. va'gueness, n. extrav'agate, v. 00vag'abond, a. & n. va'gous, a. extravaga'tion, n. VAL —EO, v. 2. to be well or strong, to have strength, to he worth: as, avail', to profit, to assist; inval'id, weak, of no force; prevail', to overcome. avail', v: & n. avail'ment, n. tttcountervail', v. avai'lable, a. ttfconvales'cence, n. countervail'ed, a. avai'lably, ad. convales'cency, n. countervail'ing, a. avai'lableness, n. convales'cent, a. disvalid'ity, n. avai'ling, a. coun'tervail, n. disval'ue, v. & n. * Evade, to go out, to escape; to avoid by dexterity; to elude by subterfuge, sophistry, address, or ingenuity. t Invade, to go in or on, to enter a country, as an army with hostile inten. tions; to attack; to fall on.: Vade-mecum, literally, go with me; a book or other thing that a person carries with him as a constant companion; a manual. * Wade, to go or pass through water without swimming, as by a ford or shallow. II Vaginant, in botany, sheathing; Vaginated, sheathed,-as leaves. ~ Vagino-pennous, having the wings covered with a hard case or sheath, as insects. * Evagation, a wandering; excursion, roving or rambling. tt Mdltivagant or Multivagous. wandering much. t Naoctivagant, wandering in the night. it Vagabond, one who wanders, having no certain awe.ling, or not abiding in it; a rascal, a villain. 111 Vagary, a wandering thought, a wild freak, a whim. it ~ Vag'i ant, wandering; also, a wanderer. **'* Fague, unsettled, unfixed; uncertain. Itt Convalescence, renewal of health. itt Countervail, to act against with equal force or power. to equal. VAN 490 VAL disvalua'tion, n. prevail'ed, a. **val'et, n. equiv'alence, n. prevail'ing, a. ttvaletudina'rian, or equiv'alency, n. prev'alence, n. valetu'dinary, a. & n Sequiiv'alent, a. & n. prev'alency, n. llval'iant, a. equiv'alently, ad. prev'alent, a. val'iantly, ad. irnprev'alence, n. prev'alently, ad. val'iantness, n. tinvalestcence, n. self-val'uing, a. ~val'id, a. tinvaletu'dinary, n. unavai'lable, a. val'idness, n. in'valid, n. unavai'ling, a. valid'ity, n. {inval'id, a. underval'ue, v. & n. Itllval'or, n. inval'idness, n. underval'ued, a. val'orous, a. invalid'ity, n. underval'uer, n. val'orously, ad. Ilinval'idate, v. underval'uing, a. ~~val'ue, n. & v. inval'idated, a. underval'uingly, ad. val'ued, a. inval'idating, a. undervalua'tion, n. val'uer, n. inval'uable, a. unprevai'ling, a. val'uing, a. inval'uably, ad. unval'uable, a. val'uable, a. overval'ue, v. unval'ued, a. valua'tion, n. outval'ue, v. ~valedic'tion, n. valua'tor, n. potval'iant, a. valedic'tory, a. & n. val'ueless, a. prevail', v. VANDALS: a fierce and rude people descended from the Goths-van'dal, n. *#*van'dalic, a. van'dalism, n. VALL-IS, f. 3. a valley or low ground between hills. 7ftvale, n. valley, n. VALL-UJI, n. 2. (a vallus, m. 2. a stake), a fence, a rampart or bulwark: as, in'terval, space between. circumval'late, v. tttcircumvalla'tion, n. lcontravalla'tion, n. * Equivalent, equal in value or worth; in force, power, or effect; in meaning or import. t Invalescence, strength, health. Invaletudinary, wanting health. - Invalid, a person sickly or indisposed, weak or infirm. II Invalidate, to weaken or lessen the force of; to destroy the strength or validity of. 1 Valediction, a bidding farewell. ** Valet, a waiting servant; also, a kind of goad or stick. tt Valetudinarian, Valetudinary, sickly, weak, infirm; also, a sick person. one who is seeking to recover health. U Valiant, strong, brave, heroic. %Valid, having sufficient strength or force, sound, just, good; having legal strength or force. J lIllalor, strength of mind in regard to danger, personal bravery, courage, intrepidity, prowess. ~lT Value, worth, price; to rate at a certain price, or at a high price; to esteem. ***Vandalic, pertaining to the vandals (wanderers); designating the south shore of the Baltic where once lived the Vandals, a nation of ferocious bar. barians;-hence, ferocious, rude, barbarous. tit Vale is used in poetry, and valley in prose and common discourse. Utt Circumvallation, in war, a surrounding with a wall or rampart; also, a wall, rampart, or parapet, with a trench, surrounding the camp of a besieging army. AX~ Contravallation, a'ench guarded with a parapet, thrown round a place by the besiegers. VAL 491 VAP n'terval, n. val'latory, a. wall, n. & v. *valla'tion, n. tval'lum, n. VALV —J, f. 1. (a volvo), folding-doors: as, valv'let or valv'ule, a little valve..bi'valve, n. & a. quad'rivalves, n. ~rvalve, n. bivalv'ular, a. {quin'quevalve, or valv'ed, a. bivalv'ulous, a. quinquevalv'ular, a. valv'ate, a. mul'tivalve, n. & a. iltrivalv'ular, a. valv'let, or multivalv'ular, a. u'nivalve, a. & n. valv'ule, n. quad'rivalve, or univalv'ular, a. valv'ular, a. quadrivalv'ular, a. VAN-US, a. vain, empty, to no purpose, boastful: as, evanes'cent, vanishing.; van'ish, to disappear. evanes'cence, n. vainglo'ry, n. {{cvaunt, or evanes'cent, a. vainglo'rious, a. vant, n. & v. **evan'id, a. vainglo'riously, ad. vaunt'ed, a. evan'ish, v. van'ish, v. vaunt'er, n. evan'ishment, n. van'ished, a. vaunt'ful, a. tFtvain, a. van'ishing, a. vaunt'ing, a. vain'ly, ad. ttvan'ity, n. vaunt'ingly, ad. vain'ness, n. VAN for AVANT, prep. (Fr.) before, forward. (See Avant.) VAPID-us, a. (a vappa, f. 1. insipid wine), tasteless, spiritless; having lost its life and spirit. vap'id, a. vap'idness, n. vapid'ity, n. VAPOR, m. 3. an exhalation, steam, fume: as, evap'orate, to pass off in vapor, as a fluid. evap'orate, v. & a. evapora'tion, n. vap'orate, v. evap'orated, a. evap'orable, a. vap'orable, a. evap'orating, a. Illlevaporom'eter, n. vaporabil'ity, n. *Vallation, a rampart or entrenchment. t Vallum, a trench or wall. Bivalve, Bivalvular, or Bivalvulous, having two shells or valves which open and shut, as the oyster and the seed cases of certain plants. Quinquevalve or Quinquevalvular, in botany, having five valves,-as a Deri carp. 11 Trivalvular, three-valved; having three valves. I Valve, in poetry, a folding-door; a lid or cover so formed, as to open a communication in one direction, and close it in the other; in botany, the outer coat, shell, or covering of. a capsule or other pericarp, or rather one of the pieces which compose it. ** Evanid, faint, weak, liable to vanish or disappear. ftVain, empty, worthless; fruitless, proud of paltry things, or of. trifling attainments, conceited. t Vanity, emptiness, empty pride. X Vaunt, to boast, to make a vain display. IIII Evaporometer, an instrument fbr ascertaining the quantity of a fluid evaporated in a given time; an atmometer. 43* VAR 492 VAS *va'por, n. & v. vaporif'ic, a. vaporiza'tion, n. va'pored, a. 6 vaporish, a. va'porous, a. va'porer, n. vap'orize, v. va'porousness, n. vIa'poring, a. vap'orized, a. va'pory, a. va'poringly, ad. vap'orizing, a. VARIc-o, v. 1. (& varus, a. bandy-legged, crooked), to straldle, to shuffle. tdivar'icate, v.. a. divarica'tion, n. prevar'icating, a. divar'icated, a. tprevar'icate, v. prevarica'tion, n. divar'icatingi a. prevar'icated, a. prevar'icator, n. VARI6L-sE,, f 1. (aI varus, m. 2. a spot, a speck on the face) small pimples, small-pox. antiva'riolous, a. - va'rioloid, n. Ilva'riolous, a. VARI-US, a. of divers colours, different, diverse, inconstant changeable: as, va'ry, to alter, to change. inva'riable, a. va'rying, a. -~Tva'riegate, v. inva'riably, ad. va'riable, a. va'riegated, a. inva'riableness, n. vadriably, ad. va'riegating, a. inva'ried, a. va'riableness, n. variega'tion, n. unva'riable, a.'aw'riance, n. vari'ety, n. unva'ried, a. varia'tion, n. va'rious, a. unva'riegated, a. va'ried, a. va'rio~usly, ad. val'ry, v. VAS, vafs-is, n. 3. a vessel. **extrav'asated, a. $4vas'cular, a. {{vasculif'erous, a. extravasa'tion, n. vascular'ity, n. ves'sel, n. ~tvase, n. VAST-US, a. large, great, enormous, desert, desolate. as, devastate, to lay waste. devast', or dev'astated, a. devasta'tion, n. dev'astate, v. dev'astating, a. 1111vast, a. & n. *Vapor, an invisible elastic fluid, rendered aeriform by heat, and brought back to a liquid or solid state, by cold. A visible fluid floating in the atnlmo sphere,-as smoke, fog, clouds, &c. The vapor of water is called steam. t Divaricate, to open, to fork; to part into two branches. t Prevaricate, to shuffle in -conversation or testimony, to quibble, to shift.. Varzoloid, a name recently given to a disease resembling the small-pox. I{ Varnolous, pertaining to, or designating the small-pox. ~ Variegate, to mark with dtfferent colours; to diversify in external appearance ** Extlavasated, forced or let out of its proper vessels,-as blood, or fluid. tt Vase,- a vessel fobr domestic use, or for use in temples. t Vascular, pertaining to the vessels of animal or vegetable bodies; fitll of vessels. O Vasculiferous, in botany, having seed-vessels d vided into-cells. 111I Vast, being of great extent; very spacious or large VAT 493 VEH vast'ly, ad. wast'ed, a. waste'ful, a. vast'ness, n. wast'er,~ n. waste'fully, ad. vasta'tion, n. wast'ing, a. waste'fulness, n. vast'y, a. waste'less, n. waste'thrift, n. waste, v. a. & n. VATES, m. & f. a prophet, a diviner or soothsayer; a poet:.as, vat'icide, the murderer of a prophet. vat'icide, n. tvatic'inate, v. vaticina'tion, n. *vatic'inal, a. vatic'inating, a. VEGET —O, V. 1. (at vegeo, v. 2. to excite, to move), to move out or stir up, to grow. tveg'etable, n. & a. veg'etating, a. veg'etativeness, n. vegetabil'ity, n. vegeta'tion, n. jlvegete', a. dveg'etate, v. veg'etative, a. veg'etive, a. VEII-o, vectum, v. 3. to carry: as, convey', to carry, to transfer; inveigh', to rail against. circumvec'tion, n. convey'ance, n. reconvey'ed, a. ~con'vex, a. & n. convey'ancer, n. reconvey'ing, a.