º,…,%2// >
-
so M.E.
PARTICULARS
RELATIVE TO THE CONTINUANCE OF THE ENDEAVOURS,
on THE PART or the
SOCIETY OF FRIENDS
in the
UNITED STATES or NORTH AMERICA,
For THE
IMPROVEMENT AND GRADUAL CIWILIZATION
or ºne
INDIAN NATIVES.
London :
*RINTED AND SOLD n Y wir, LIAM PHILLIPS,
George YARD, LoMBARn street.
1823.

-
-


AD VERTISEMENT.
Tire erertions of the Society of Friends, in the
United States, towards the close of the last and since the
commencement of the present century, for the promotion
of the objects mentioned in the title page, have been des-
cribed in several small pamphlets or papers, in some
cases first printed, in others reprinted, in this country.
The enumeration of these may convey some idea of the
tracts or districts in which the attempts have been made,
and will perhaps be of use, as an aid in procuring the
publications, to any who may be desirous of becoming
acquainted with that part of the labours in this work of
philanthropy and Christian benevolence which has fallen
to the share of the Society above designated. The pieces
are as follows:
1. “A brief Account of the proceedings of the Com-
mittee appointed in the year 1795, by the Yearly Meet-
ing of Friends of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, &c. for
promoting the Improvement and gradual Civilization of
the Indian Natives.” Philadelphia printed; London,
reprinted by Phillips & Fardon, 1806.
A 2

( iv. )
2. “A brief Account of the proceedings of the Com-
mittee appointed by the Yearly Meeting of Friends
held in Baltimore, for promoting the Improvement and
Civilization of the Indian Natives.” Baltimore printed;
London, reprinted by Phillips and Fardon, 1806.
3. “A Sketch of the further proceedings of the Com-
mittees appointed by the Yearly Meetings of Friends of
Pennsylvania, &c. and Maryland, for promoting the
Improvement and gradual Civilization of the Indian
Natives in some parts of North America.” London,
Phillips, 1812.
4. “A Summary Account of the measures pursued by
the Yearly Meeting of Friends of New York, for the
welfare and civilization of the Indians residing on the
Frontiers of that State; with Extracts from two Letters
relating to the subject.” London, Phillips, 1813.
5. “Extract from a Report made to the Yearly Meeting
of Friends held in Philadelphia, in the 4th month,
1815, by its Committee for promoting the Improve-
ment and gradual Civilization of the Indian Natives.”
London, Phillips.
6. “Reports to the Yearly Meeting of Friends held in
Philadelphia, from its Committee for promoting the
Improvement and gradnal Civilization of the Indian
Natives, in 1818 and 1819.” London, Phillips, 1819.
7. “Report to the Yearly Meeting of Friends for the
State of Ohio, in North America, from its Committee
on Indian Concerns, dated the 8th of 9th mo. 1819.”
London, Phillips.
In the ensuing pages are contained some of the
more interesting particulars that have come under notice

( v )
since the date of the last of the above publications. Fur-
ther information might no doubt have been collected,
but sufficient, it may be presumed, is here given to con-
vey to the reader a view of the state of the undertaking,
and of the nature of that care which it continues to re-
ceive from the Society of Friends in America. Not-
withstanding the discouragements that have arisen, it
may well be believed that a concern of this kind, origi-
nating in the most disinterested motives, and in an ap-
prehension of religious duty, will not fail to have, to a
certain extent at least, as it no doubt already has had,
beneficial and happy results. One gratifying circum-
stance in the later reports is the account respecting
School instruction. If this part of the plan for the
general improvement of the Indians can be efficiently
carried on and extended, it may be hailed as the probable
means of diffusing amongst them the inestimable benefit
of an acquaintance with the truths of Christianity as
revealed in the Holy Scriptures.


SOME PARTICULARS, &c.
By a Report in 1820, of the Committee appointed,
for the gradual Civilization of the Indian Natives,
by the Yearly Meeting for PENNsy Lv ANIA, &c. it
appears that they had, as occasion presented, urged
the Natives to a division of their lands, in such
manner, that each family might cultivate and im-
prove for its own benefit, the portion assigned to
it; but that difficulties had prevented this recom-
mendation from being carried into effect, although
many of them appeared much disposed to comply
with it. In proof of which may be adduced the fol-
lowing extract from an address of the principal
Chiefs at Alleghany, in the 9th month, 1819.
“Brothers,
“A number of years have now elapsed since
you first came amongst us, to instruct us in useful
arts and agriculture, and some of our people have
made but slow progress as yet; but many of us find
our condition much better than was formerly the
case.”

( 8 )
“ Brothers,
“You have always advised us to refrain from
strong drink, which most of our people do; a few are
yet addicted to it, but the number is quite small, and
we continue to advise them to cease therefrom.
“ Brothers,
“We are aware that you are aiming at our good,
and we feel thankful therefor; we hope, Brothers,
you will continue your instructions towards us, and
not leave us to ourselves again; but we wish you to
continue with us for years to come, and not get dis-
couraged, because we progress so slowly; fearing if
you should leave us, many of our people would fall
back again in some measure to their former mode of
living, they not having made sufficient progress yet
in agriculture to convince them of the necessity of
following it so intensely.”
“ Brothers,
“Some time ago you recommended us to have a
division made of our land at Alleghany among our-
selves, which we are not yet able to have done; some
of us are anxious therefor, but many of our people
yet remain opposed, and we cannot become united in
it.
“The speech of the President we feel glad of hav-
ing, as by it we know that he is in favour thereof.
“We intend to keep your speech, and the one the
President sent us, by our sides, and as soon as our
people are willing, we intend to have the Alleghany
Reservation divided.”
“The School at Alleghany ” the report pro-
ceeds, “is continued, and affords as encouraging a
prospect as at any former period. The Friends who
have for some years past been resident at this Settle-
ment, desiring to be released, information has re-

( 9 )
cently been spread among the Monthly Meetings that
others qualified to supply their places are wanted.
From Cattaraugus we are recently informed that the
progress of the natives iſ agriculture is promising :
that from ten to fifteen children have attended the
school there during the late season; for the accom-
modation of whom the natives have lately erected a
new house.”
-
Extract from the Report of the Pennsylvania Com-
mittee, in 1821.
* The increased difficulties attending the prosecu-
tion of the service intrusted to the Committee by the
Meeting, appearing to require a visit to the Natives
at the different Settlements under their care, three
of their number were deputed for this purpose, who,
last autumn, visited the natives at Alleghany and
Cattaraugus, from whose report of various interviews
with them, and of the state of things generally
amongst them, it appears that obstacles, arising from
various causes, have operated to retard their progress
in beneficial improvements. They were much di-
vided in sentiment respecting the expediency of aban-
doning their ancient mode of living, and this divi-
sion has had an unhappy influence on their minds,
tending to corrupt their morals, and obstruct their
advancement in the arts of civilized life. Under
these circumstances, Friends at Tunesassa thought
it best to discontinue the school at that place through
the last summer, but after the late visit of the Com-
mittee it was resumed; and various accounts from
thence aſſorded an encouraging prospect that it would
prove of lasting benefit to the nation, as the number
of children who regularly attended was greater than

( 10 )
at any former period. But from recent information
received from the teacher, it appears that the influ-
ence of those who are opposed to an alteration of
their ancient customs, has prevailed upon the natives
formally to require the suspension of the school,
which has accordingly been acceded to.
“At Cattaraugus the natives do not appear as much
divided on the subject of improvement as their neigh-
bours at Alleghany, yet they are separated into par-
ties, and great want of unanimity on various subjects
is apparent; they professed generally to be favour-
ably disposed to the establishment of a school, and
expressed an intention of erecting a house for the
purpose, of which, when accomplished, they would
inform Friends, that a teacher might be furnished.
This they have not yet done, nor does it appear pro-
bable, from their present divided state, a school
could be usefully established among them. The na-
tives on both Reservations have attained sufficient
knowledge of agriculture to derive from thence an
adequate supply for the maintenance of their fami-
lies; some of their principal men appear sensible of
the advantage derived to the nation from the assist-
ance and care of Friends, and have expressed a strong
desire it should not be withdrawn. Divers of them
also appear sincerely desirous to progressin improve-
ments, and anxious that their children should obtain
school learning; but the larger number have unhap-
pily been induced to turn their minds from these
pursuits, and engage with renewed zeal in the sup-
port of their ancient barbarous customs and super-
stition; and thus they may be more disposed to part
with the few small though valuable Reservations that
still remain to them of their once great possessions,
and be induced by interested men to wander to

( 11 )
more distant wilds, to seek a precarious subsistence.
Sensible of the powerful influence which is exercised
to alienate the minds of these poor ignorant fellow-
beings from what we esteem their best interest, we
cannot but feel our sympathy awakened on their be-
half, and a willingness to embrace every right open-
ing which may yet occur to ameliorate their con-
dition.”
-º-
Extn Act of an Epistle from the Meeting for Suffer-
ings (a) in Philadelphia, to that in London, dated
the 20th of 12th mo. 1822.
“The concern for the gradual civilization of the
Indian natives, remains with much solicitude upon
the minds of Friends; and the Committee appointed
by our Yearly Meeting to promote this very desirable
object, continuing attentive to such openings for
service as have presented, have, under many dis-
couraging circumstances, been enabled to retain such
place in the minds of the natives, that with propri-
ety and a considerable degree of efficiency, they could
from time to time urge to their acceptance such advice
and counsel as materially comport with their real wel-
fare. This being corroborated by the uniformly disin-
terested motives which have ever distinguished our re-
ligious society in their labours with this people, who,
from various causes, are of a distrustful disposition,
it has carried such conviction to the minds even of
those who have not fully acceded to the invitations
and endeavours for their advancement toward civili-
zation, that they frequently acknowledge the liberal
views and care of Friends, which have led them into
agricultural engagements, facilitated the acquirement
(a) By this name, of early origin, is to be understood a Standing
Committee, having under its care the general concerns of the Society,
during the intervals of the Yearly Meeting.

( 12 )
of a knowledge of some of the most simple mechanic
arts, and induced them to guard against the fre-
quent use of spirituous liquors.
“The school at Tunesassa is in operation; and
those Indians who approve of school learning send
about fifteen of their children to it, and have also
provided such means for their accommodation that
they can board and lodge in its vicinity; and many
of those of the other class, who are not disposed to
encourage this mode of education, are, notwithstand-
ing, so sensible of the necessity of cultivating their
land to obtain a requisite subsistence, that several
satisfactory instances of their exertions and progress
in husbandry are obvious.
“Some account of agricultural stock, and various
improvements, which have been acquired through
the industry of some of the natives, was lately taken
by one of the friends who resides at Tunesassa.
Their suspicions and fears are so excited when parti-
cular inquiries are made respecting their property,
that it requires great caution in attempting to arrive
at an accurate knowledge thereof; this statement is
therefore quite partial, as it embraces only about
half the number of Indians at the Alleghany Settle-
ment; and also the number and kind of their build-
ings, which are considerable, and generally commo-
dious, are almost entirely omitted; but short as it is,
we have concluded to forward it, not doubting that
amidst the numerous discouragements which attend
the prosecution of this concern, it will afford you
satisfaction to see, there is ground to believe that a
degree of substantial benefit may be derived to this
people or their posterity, which we hope will not be
lost, but permanently remain as a source whence they
may procure a comfortable livelihood, when other
means shall fail.”

( 13 )
“An account of some Improvements made by a part of
the Indians on the Alleghany Reservation, supposed
to be less than one half of the number that have
made a progress in husbandry. The account was
taken at different times, as is shewn by the dates.
* 1820–10th mo. 23rd. Big Joh N (alias Goliath)
an Onondago, has about 20 acres of cleared land;
raised the present season, 8 acres of corn, 24 or 3
acres of oats, and I of potatoes, has about 40 apple
trees planted, several of which are bearing ; has 3
cows, 4 calves, 1 steer, l yoke of oxen, 4 horses, and
18 hogs and pigs. Has a wife, with whom he has
lived orderly, and 4 children now living;-states that
he is anxious to go on with improvements in agricul-
ture, and encourages the school; he has also a plough
and waggon, and does considerable work.
WILLIAM PLATT, a young man perhaps 30 years
of age; has a wife with whom he has lived orderly,
but no children; 15 acres of land, 1 yoke of oxen,
and 20 pigs; raised a considerable quantity of corn;
has 3 acres of oats and 4 of potatoes; has no grass
land, but has preserved his corn fodder. -
Levi HALF town (Blacksmith), 94 acres of cleared
land, I yoke of steers, 2 cows, I calf, 2 horses, I
plough and ox chains, 7 hogs, and 8 pigs.
10th mo. 25th. Long John, 48 or 50 years of
age; has 12 children by one wife, and still lives with
her ; 20 acres of cleared land; had, the present sea-
son, 7 acres of corn, 4 acres of oats; the quantity of
potatoes, beans, &c. not accurately ascertained; no
grass land; has 2 yoke of oxen, 3 cows, 1 heifer,
3 calves, 11 or 12 hogs, and a number of pigs; 1
Waggon, and a plough or ploughs; is fattening 3 hogs
for winter.

( 14 )
STEPHEN, (Blacksmith,) has 6 acres of corn, 4 of
oats, 1 of potatoes, and 4 of hay; has 1 yoke of oxen,
5 cows, 6 calves, 15 hogs and pigs, and 1 plough; is
fattening 2 or 3 hogs for pork.
John JAMrson, a young man about 24 years of
age; has 15 acres of cleared land; had, the last
season, 4 acres of oats, I of buck-wheat, and 4 of corn,
potatoes, beans, &c.; 16 hogs and several pigs; 2
horses, 2 cows, 1 heifer, I calf, 1 plough, I yoke
of steers 2 years old, and 1 younger. Ploughed last
Spring about 30 acres of land, 21 of which were hired
by other Indians at 2 dollars per acre; has put up a
log barn 50 feet long and 16 wide. Is fattening 4
hogs, and has made new fence to 6 acres of land, the
present season.
Big Jacob, 50 years old; has 8 or 10 acres of
cleared land, 5 acres of corn, 4 of oats, and 1 of pota-
toes; no grass land; has 1 yoke of oxen, 3 yoke of
steers, 4 cows, I calf, 5 hogs, and perhaps 20 pigs;
has sown I bushel of wheat this fall.
Moses Peirce, aged 32; has 20% acres of land,
I yoke of oxen, 2 cows, 3 young steers, and 1 calf;
has 5 hogs now fattening, and 7 pigs raised the pre-
sent year; 24 acres of corn, 3% of oats, 1% of hay, and
4 acre of potatoes; makes ploughs and sleighs, and is
pretty ready at common carpenter's work.
11th mo. 3rd. John P.E.I.Rce, aged 56; has 20
acres of cleared land: 8 head of cattle, 15 hogs and
pigs, 5 of which are attening; raised 5 acres of corn,
1 of potatoes, 4 of oats; has 34 or 4 acres ofgrassland.
5th. ELI JIMERson ; 27 years of age; has begun
a new improvement in the woods, has cleared about
3 acres; parted with his old fields, which contained 6
acres; has raised in the present season 3 acres of corn,
4 acre of potatoes, and I of turneps; has 5 hogs, 1 yoke
of steers, 1 cow, I heifer; a plough, and waggon.

( 15 )
16th. Simeon Peirce, 26 years of age; has 14 acres
of land, has also cleared about 1 acre more and sowed
it with wheat; raised 5 acres of corn, 3 of oats, 2 of
wheat, 4 acre of potatoes, 3} acres of meadow ; has 2
cows, 2 heifers, 2 steers, 1 ox, 4 hogs and 10 pigs, and
is fattening 4 hogs.
Birdy, 50 years of age; has 3 pigs, 1 cow and
calf; raised 50 bushels of corn, and 4 of an acre of
potatoes.
12th mo. 2d. Wii, L1AM Johnson, a Tuscarora,
about 50 years old; has 11 acres of land; 1 yoke of
oxen, 2 cows, 2 heifers, 12 hogs and pigs; raised 6
acres of corn, acre of potatoes, and a quantity of
beans; but has no grassland.
1821. 1st mo. 31st. MoRRIs HALFtow N, 26
years old; raised last year 3 acres of corn, 14 of po-
tatoes, 6 of oats, 2% of hay ; has 18 acres of land, 1
yoke of oxen, 2 cows, 3 steers, 1 calf, 1 horse, 4 pigs,
and 1 hog, and has killed 2 hogs for pork.
2d mo. 10th. Is RAEL JIMER son, 30 years of age;
has 14 acres of land, and 4 more chopped, but not
cleared; raised 3 acres of oats, 3% of corn, 2 of
buck-wheat, 1 of potatoes, 1 of wheat, and # an acre
of pease; has 2} acres of meadow, 2 yoke of oxen, 1
yoke of steers, 1 heifer, 6 hogs, 14 pigs, 1 plough, a
small cart and log chains; and killed, last fall, 5 hogs.
3d mo. 29th. John Dick EN, about 65 or 70
years old; had last year 2 acres of spring wheat, and
4 acres of oats; has 3 horses and 1 hog.
JIMER son, the blacksmith, 54 years old; has 104
acres of land; 3 horses, 2 cows, 3 calves, 3 hogs, 4
pigs, a plough and harness for horses; raised 5 acres
of corn, I of potatoes, 3 of oats, an acre of pease,
and has killed 3 hogs for pork.

( 16 )
5th mo. 10th. JAcob TAYLon, 40 years of
age; has 54 acres of land, I yoke of steers, I heifer,
4 hogs; and killed some pork last fall; sowed 1 acre
of oats; has some corn and potatoes, but the quantity
not known.
7th mo. 1st. JAMEs Robinson, 48 years of age;
has 13 acres of land; planted 5 acres of corn, and
# an acre of potatoes, sowed 2 acres of spring wheat,
3} acres of oats, and has 2} acres of meadow, 9 head
of cattle, 7 hogs, 1 plough, a harrow, chains, and sled.
BLUE EYEs, has about 12 acres of land; sowed in the
present year + a bushel of flax seed, 1 acre of wheat,
3% of oats, 3 of corn, 1 acre of pease, 1 of potatoes,
has 24 acres of meadow, I yoke of oxen, 5 cows, 3
calves, 4 hogs, 22 pigs, 5 horses, a plough, chains,
&c.
John W.A.T.T., 35 years of age; planted 3 acres of
corn, and # an acre of potatoes; has 4 hogs and 26
pigs. -
Jon ATHAN Titus, about 55 years old; has 3 acres
of land, I cow, I yearling, and 3 pigs.
8th. J Ack S.Now, 50 years of age—5 acres of land-
planted 3 acres of corn, 1% of potatoes, and an acre
of beans, and has 4 hogs.
9th. JAcob Thom As, 28 or 30 years old—8 acres
of land–planted 3 acres of corn, 2 acres of oats, an
acre of pease, and 100 hills of potatoes; has 1 ox, 2
cows, 4 heifers, 9 hogs, and 7 pigs.
23d. Big Jon N, 53 years of age—14 acres of
land—has 16 head of cattle, 4 horses, 13 hogs, 5 acres
of corn, 1 of potatoes, 5 of oats, and 2 or 3 of mea-
dow.
WILLIAM HALFTown, 26 years old–14} acres of
land, 10 of which he lately got cleared, for which
clearing he paid 14 dollars per acre; has 1 acre of

( 17 )
corn, 1 or 2 of bats, 2% of meadow, 1 yoke of oxen,
1 cow, 1 horse, a plough and sled, and some bearing
apple trees.
24th. John Bose, 33 years of age; planted 3
acres of corn, has 2 of oats, about 2 acres of meadow,
1 ox, I cow, 1 heifer, 1 calf, and a plough. -
30th. GeoRae SILVER HEELs, 43 years of age-
10 acres of land—has 3 cows, 1 bull, lyoke of steers,
I heifer, 2 calves, 11 hogs; planted 5 acres of corn
and I of potatoes, has 1 acre of oats, and 14 of meadow;
and has lately begun to clear for a farm at some dis-
tance from the village.
8th mo. 4th. John Lewis, 26 years of age—
has a wife and 2 children; 4 or 5 acres of land, pretty
much in corn, 1 yoke of steers, I heifer, and 8 hogs.
9th, Buck-Tootu, 55 years old—about 11 acres
of land enclosed; planted 6 acres of corn, which is
the principal crop except some vines, &c. has 3 horses,
I heifer, 11 hogs, and harness for 1 horse.
14th. JAco B Shongo, aged 32 years–11 acres
of land–planted 3 acres of corn, and 14 of potatoes,
has 14 acre of oats, 14 of meadow, 1 cow, 2 heifers,
1 calf, 10 hogs, and 1 plough; has put up a good log
house with stone chimney and a fire place, both up
and down stairs.
9th mo. 3rd. Jacob JIMERson, about 30 years
old; planted 4 acres of corn and 1 of potatoes, has
# acres of oats, 3% of meadow, I yoke of oxen, I cow,
5 large hogs, 10 or 15 smallar ones, 1 plough and
chains.
7th. David HELF town, planted 5 acres of corn,
of potatoes, 1 of beans, and I of garden vegetables;
has 1 acre of buckwheat, 2 acres of oats; 1 yoke of
oxen, and 1 of steers, 2 cows, 5 hogs, and many do-
mestic fowls; also 1 plough and chain.
B

( 18 )
19th. FIGHT Thomson, about 34 years of age;
has a wife and three children; has 3 acres of corn,
2.
an acre of potatoes, a patch of turneps, pumpkins, &c.
has about 6 acres of land under fence, 1 yoke of oxen,
1 calf, 5 hogs, and 1 plough. -
10th mo. 1st. WiLLIAM PATTERson, 25 years
of age; planted 4 acres of corn, has about 2 acres of
oats, a small piece of grass, 2 cows, also 9 hogs which
he is fattening.
“The ages of some of those Indians are conjectural,
but from circumstances it is believed they are
nearly correct. There are about forty families
more in the Settlement, of whom an account
is yet to be taken, and among these some of the
greatest improvements are obvious-About 36
or 38 bushels of wheat have been sown by the
natives this fall, which affords a hope that they
will continue in this necessary and beneficial
employment, and, from its productiveness, be
induced to extend their labours towards the cul-
tivation of a greater quantity.”

( 19 )
Extn Act of an Epistle from the Yearly Meeting of
Ohio to the Yearly Meeting in London, dated in
the 9th mo. 1821.
“The civilization of the Indian Natives still engages
our attention. In prosecuting this interesting con-
cern, we have the consolation to believe, that our
arduous labours have not been in vain. And, feeling
them objects of Christian charity and Gospel love, we
are stimulated to persevere in our endeavours to bring
them into a participation of those blessings, both cor-
poral and spiritual, which are bountifully extended
to us. We are now preparing to open a school among
them : the design is to board and clothe the pupils;
and thus, having them under our immediate care, to
instruct them, not only in literature, but in such other
arts, as are of primary importance in realizing the
comforts of civilized life. The report of our Com-
mittee on Indian civilization we here with forward,
as conveying a more clear view of the state of the
concert.
BENJAMIN W. L. App, Clerk.
“‘To the Yearly Meeting now sitting.
“The Committee on Indian concerns report, that
for the past year they have been endeavouring to
carry on the important charge committed to them, in
conjunction with the Committee appointed by Balti-
more Yearly Meeting as heretofore.
“‘Isaac Harvey and his wife, who had charge of our
establishment at Waupaghkannetta, last fall, continued
to superintend at that place till 5th month last, when
they returned home, and John Paxton and his wife
went thither as superintendents, but owing to indis-
B 2
-

( 20 )
position, they have lately gone home, and a brother
of theirs has taken charge during their absence.
“‘ In prosecuting the interesting concern we have
experienced some difficulty, in the loss of time occa-
sioned by our having to consult friends of Baltimore
previous to our coming to a decision, in matters of
moment, when we thought it necessary to act without
delay. In consequence of which, a correspondence
has been carried on with the Committee there on the
subject, and a plan for future operations has been
prepared by us which we here with present for the
decision of the Yearly Meeting; expecting, if ap-
proved, that it will be forwarded to the Committee
of Baltimore, and also to Indiana Yearly Meeting. (a)
(a) The following is understood to be the document alluded to; the
measures proposed in which appear to have been approved and
adopted:
“On turning our attention to the subject of Indian civilization we
are impressed with the belief, that it is assuming an aspect of increasing
interest. Important as it is, that the experiment we are making should
be successful, it is desirable that the resources and the number of quali-
fied individuals embarked in this benevolent undertaking, should rather
be increased than diminished.
“Every feeling of Christian philanthropy forbids that we should, by
a failure in the attempt to civilize the Indians under our care, fix a cha-
racter on this large and interesting portion of the human family, which
may not only paralyze the efforts of the friends of humanity, but
strengthen the hands of those who are under the influence of a hostile
disposition towards them.
“By a communication with the people of Baltimore, on the plan
of future operations, it is suggested, that they, retaining an interest in
the concern, and holding themselves in readiness to apply to Govern-
ment on behalf of the Indians, or render such other support and assist-
ance as may appear necessary, would confide to us the funds, and the
active duties of prosecuting the concern among the Indians.
“On taking the proposition contained in this communication under
consideration, it is our decided choice, that our friends of Baltimore
contiuue to participate in the concern, and render us such advice and
assistance as may appear necessary in the prosecution of the arduous

( 21 )
“A deputation of our number visited the establish-
ment in the 5th mo, last, in company with some of our
members from Miami; and by their report it appears
that the success of our efforts would be endangered
if the opening of a school for the instruction of their
children should be deferred much longer; we have
consequently concluded it would be best to make the
attempt on a limited scale at the commencement.
The Indians have received this information. The
size of the school is yet to be decided on, according
to the means we may obtain, but the plan is to board
and clothe the pupils. We are united in the belief
that our benevolent views towards these people can-
not be realized without the aid of schools. -
“Unacquainted as they are with our language, and
we with theirs, the means of communicating our ideas
to them are extremely limited, and when the savage
and interesting work. The principal portion of the labour we are willingto
take upon ourselves, or in conjunction with our friends of Indiana Yearly
Meeting. We conceive it indispensably necessary, that they be cordially
invited to unite with us in this concern, by appointing a Committee to
co-operate with a Committee of Ohio Yearly Meeting, in carrying into
effect that portion of labour that may be required. The facility with which
some of the Friends of Indiana Yearly Meeting can attend to the establish-
ment among the Indians, the knowledge of the subject which they pos-
sess, and the interest which they feel in the concern, render their co-
operation too valuable to be dispensed with. And we are of the judge-
ment that we should be permitted to decide on the measures to be
adopted among the Indians, (experience having shewn that prompt
decision is generally required), and that the communications to them
or their agent should go through us. The funds to remain in Baltimore,
under the care of the Committee there, but subject to our drafts, so far
as the necessary operations may require. We also unite in judgment
that all communications with the Government should go through Friends
of Baltimore, and that they be at liberty to make such application with-
out the necessity of consulting us, when the delay would be in any de-
gree injurious to the concern. In all cases the transactions both with
the Government and the Indians, should be reciprocally communicated
to the Committees of the respective Yearly Meetings.”

attains the meridian of life, his habits are too deeply
rooted to be completely removed by such means as
have been yet tried.
“‘The plan proposed opens a more encouraging
prospect. Were the rising generation taken under our
immediate care at an early age, the habits which we
wish to remove in the older ones will not have been
completely formed in them, and consequently their
minds will be more easily prepared to take a proper
direction. A fit opportunity would be secured suc-
cessfully to inculcate the social, civil, and religious
duties. The boys might be instructed in agricultural
pursuits, and the girls in such branches of industry
as belong to them.
“‘ In looking forward to future operations, we are
united in believing that it would be most likely to
promote the object intended, to remove from the In-
dian Reservation, and purchase a tract of land adjoin-
ing, on which to make such an establishment as would
suit our purpose.
“An eligible tract, advantageously situated on the
southern boundary of the Waupaghkonnetta Reserva-
tion, could, when the Committee were there, have been
obtained. It is about five miles from the mills, the
land is good, and it is believed the situation is more
healthy than the one at present occupied. Being half
of a fractional section, it contains about 185 acres.
It is estimated that this tract can be purchased, the
necessary buildings to commence with put up, and 20
acres cleared and enclosed, for a sum but little if any
exeeding 400 dollars.
“‘The inducements to adopt this plan are nume-
rous.
“Last spring the Indians selected one of their
chiefs, who is considered very suitable, to take charge
( 23 )
of the mills, as soon as he can be qualified for the task.
This will relieve us of the necessity of keeping a su-
perintendent at that place.
“‘There are at the present establishment only
about five or six acres in cultivation; and although the
chiefs, when spoken to on the occasion, have uni-
formly given us the privilege to clear more land, yet
for several years past whenever it has been under-
taken, our superintendant has been stopped, in con-
sequence of jealousies infused into the minds of the
younger Indians. And even confining ourselves to
so small a spot has not been sufficient to guard
against their jealousies. Persons of depraved habits
and hostile to our views find access to the Indians
and represent our conduct as governed by motives of
self-interest. This renders our situation more deli-
cate, and our task more difficult to be performed.
“‘In consequence of being limited to so small a
quantity of ground, we are compelled to purchase a
large proportion of the provisions required for the
establishment. This, from the distance it must be con-
veyed, creates a heavy expense. From these circum-
stances the saving on the proposed plan would be
abundantly greater than the interest of the capital
required for the purchase.
“‘Difficulties are also experienced in relation to the
stock which we find it necessary to keep for the sup-
port of the family we employ, in consequence of de-
predations which they sometimes commit on the crops
of the more indolent Indians.
“In conducting the school much inconvenience will
be avoided by locating it at the place contemplated.
The children separated from their idle associates,
will be more under the control and attached to the
company of their preceptors,


( 24 )
“‘It is likewise probable that a settlement will be
made around the establishment, composed of such
persons as would not only render the situation of our
superintendent and teacher more comfortable, and
thus remove a very serious difficulty which we have
to encounter in obtaining suitable persons, but such
families might prove valuable auxiliaries in promot-
ing the objects we have in view.
“‘The current expenses at Waupaghkonnetta are
considerably reduced. We are aware however that the
establishment of the school as proposed in addition
to the other expenses, will require an expenditure
beyond the income of the funds. But under the va-
rious obligations which operate on us, we did not
feel ourselves at liberty to defer the undertaking any
longer than until the necessary arrangements can be
made, but appeal to the liberality of the Society.
This appeal we have made to the members of our
own and the new Yearly Meeting. We have not yet
ascertained what amount of money or articles of food
and clothing have been subscribed, but from the
deeply interesting nature of the concern, and the re-
turns which we have received, we believe it will have
its effect. We may also state, that in aid of the funds
for the support of the intended school, we have re-
ceived from our women friends about 94 dollars:
money which they had collected for the benefit of the
Indians.
“‘We are arranging for the contemplated purchase
of land, also to have the requisite buildings erected
on a cheap plan, and to have a portion of the land
cleared and enclosed, and it is expected, as soon as
these preparations are made, to commence the school.
“‘Signed on behalf of the Committee,
“‘ Lewis WALKER, Clerk.
* * 9th month, 7th, 1821.’”
-

( 25 )
Repont to the Yearly Meeting of Ohio in the 9th mo.
1822, from its Committee on Indian Concerns.
“To the Yearly Meeting now sitting.
“ The Committee charged with Indian concerns,
report, that immediately after our last Yearly Meet-
ing we forwarded copies of our report and proposed
plan for future operations, to the Committee of Bal-
timore; likewise a deputation of our Committee, who
were also under the appointment of the Yearly Meet-
ing, attended the Yearly Meeting of Indiana, by
whose report we are informed that they entered into
the measures proposed, and appointed a Committee
of men and women friends; with whom our deputa-
tion uniting, they made the purchase in contemplation,
consisting of 214 acres, on which such buildings have
since been erected as may answer the purpose for the
present, as a school-house, and dwelling for the super-
intendent and family. -
* There are about 20 acres of the land cleared and
enclosed, a part of which is now under cultivation.
Arrangements are also made towards clearing about
40 acres more, in order to enlarge the farm, with a
view to lessen the cost of transporting provisions;
which has been a heavy item of expense, although
they have been furnished gratis. -
“Our deputation also inform that they had a coun-
cil with the chiefs, and after stating to them the ob-
jects we have in view, Checolaway, one of their chiefs,
(Blackhoof being sick and not present,) made the fol-
lowing reply: -
** Brothers, We have listened with attention, and
we find you have declared the same things to us which
you have always done : your words do not vary.

( 26 )
“‘We are very well pleased that you make no al-
teration in any thing that you have heretofore said.
It is true you delivered us an oration in the spring
against suffering strong drink to come in amongst us,
but there are so many that bring in liquor, and so
few that stand against it, that we are overpowered.
One reason particularly that has retarded us from
doing away this evil is our own blood relations, that
are intending to remove away from among us. When
we call for them to come into council, they refuse to
listen to us, and encourage bringing in liquor among
us, and bring it in themselves.
“‘ In the spring we had hopes at first, but for the
reasons we have mentioned we could make no head-
way at all, till such time as those of our relations are
gone that intend going. We do not know what num-
ber will stay; when they are gone, and we see our
number, we expect then-we shall be able to make
some head-way against spirituous liquors.
“‘We received an admonition from our friend John
Johnston, in July last, to the same effect as you have
now delivered to us, on the subject of spirituous li-
quors. We received the same talk that you have
given us, from the Wyandots about the same time.
When we came together to consider on it, we seemed
like we were worse than any of the rest; we con-
cluded one reason was this, that made us so; we, the
old men, made use of spirituous liquors ourselves, and
for that reason we have concluded our admonition to
them had not a good effect. We have set a resolution
now that we will quit the practice. We have set a
resolution now to put away every thing that is bad
among us, and to use our utmost endeavours to fol-
low the counsel that you have just given us, that the
Great Spirit may assist you and us in the undertaking,
( 27 )
and if we continue faithful, we have no doubt but he
will, and we can see one another with a better face
when we meet. -
“‘We were very glad to hear you say that you had
purchased a piece of land joining our Reserve, and
that you intend to erect a school there. It is well
pleasing to us, for we conceive that it would not have
answered so good a purpose here as it will there, as
they would have been exposed here to the company
of those who are given to do bad. We feel deter-
mined to support you in your undertaking as far as
we are able.
“‘With regard to the request that you made to us,
to get some timber off our land, we do not think that
it would be right in us to charge you for it. We con-
ceive that we are to receive the benefit of it, or at
least our children; we view ourselves joined to you
as one people, therefore you are at liberty to cut the
logs, and bring them in and saw them.
“With regard to what you told us respecting the
mill, it appears you have [made] choice of Perry. It
meets our hearty approbation. He will attend the mill
and take care of her; we do not know what length of
time he may like to attend the mills. When he gets
tired, we will put another in his place: we have given
him the power to make the choice.
“‘We are highly pleased with what you told us,
that after you had put the mill into our own hands,
you did not intend to leave it to go to wreck. But
that your superintendent would come and see the mill
and keep her from going to wreck.
“‘We have picked out farms for all of us this sum-
mer to move out to. We are only now for a small
time together, gathering and putting up our corn, and
go out and hunt now a little while, and when we re-


( 28 O
turn from hunting we will immediately move out to
our farms, the places we have chosen to settle on.
That is the reason you see our fence down.
“‘We have no more to say to you.
“‘We will repeat to Blackhoof what has passed:
we have no doubt he will be pleased with what is
done. We are pleased with the opportunity of seeing
you all here.”
“Our present family at the new establishment con-
sists of our superintendent, Jesse Baldwin, his wife,
(who is expected to be the teacher,) and a young man,
a friend, who is employed as a labourer on the farm.
* Various circumstances had tended to retard the
work, and prevent the school from being in complete
operation, at the time of our last accounts, but we ex-
pect that shortly after the annuities were paid and
distributed among the Indians, the school would be
filled; we having been assured by them that this
should be the case. -
“By a letter from one of the Committee of Indiana,
we are informed, that some of their number had a con-
ference with the chiefs, at the new establishment, the
latter part of 6th month, and after proposing the com-
mencement of the school, Blackhoof, on behalf of the
nation, said to them as follows:
“My friends.-We all heard your discourse, and
after duly considering your words, we find they are
good, and we are all well pleased with them. We
think the institution a good one, and perceive it will
be very advantageous to our children. They will be
greatly benefited by it. The children who have been
to you heretofore, will return to you again. There is
a great number amongst us. We will use all our in-
fluence with the parents, particularly the mothers, to

( 29 )
send them. We consider that in educating our chil-
dren, we are qualifying them to pass through the
world with satisfaction and ease, and fitting them, in
part, for any sphere of life. We are fully convinced
the life we have lived, will in no wise suit them. We
therefore desire you to exercise all diligence with
them, and not give them up too easily, but at the same
time you will treat them, as you observed, with ten-
derness and respect.
* - We consider the Society of Friends as our real
friends. We know their manner of worshipping the
Great Spirit is, to us, more agreeable than any other
people; we are also very well pleased that our children
are to be educated by our real friends.
** Now when we retire home, we will exert our-
selves in bringing the children to you.”
“The friend observes, that he had great satisfaction
in this visit to the Indians, that our family had ar-
rived, had sunk a well and found excellent water, and
that he believed the situation would be healthy.
“John Perry, one of the principal chiefs, we are
informed, was to take possession of the house formerly
occupied by our superintendent, and have charge of
the mills, which were in running repair. They have
adopted a policy for the mill concerns, similar to the
first institutions of Pennsylvania. The miller is go-
vernor, his council consists of five, that is, one chosen
out of each tribe, to hold his office during good beha-
viour. Their business is to make such rules and re-
gulations, from time to time, as may tend to the mu-
tual interest of the whole. -
“By a communication received from the Committee
of Baltimore, and a copy of their extracts, we are in-
formed that the Yearly Meeting and the Committee
there came fully into the propositions which were

( 50 )
laid before them. The funds bearing interest are still
there as heretofore, and we think it advisable that
they should remain in their present situation.
“Taking into consideration the magnitude of the
work in which we are engaged, and the important
crisis to which it has now arrived, in order that the
effort we are making to render this people such assist-
ance in their advances towards civilization as will
enable them to appreciate and enjoy its benefits, we
desire that such an increasing interest may be felt
throughout our several Yearly Meetings, as to enable
the Committee to prosecute the plan now in progress.
We can but acknowledge that the liberality of friends,
in several of our settlements, has been manifested by
contributions of supplies, and we can with satisfaction
look forward to a period, when the expenses will be
lessened by opening a farm at the establishment;
and we are persuaded that there is cause of encou-
ragement to persevere, and hope our efforts will ulti-
mately be successful, so far at least as to promote the
melioration of the condition of the natives, and a know-
ledge of the means of obtaining a support, when they
become surrounded by a white population, and their
present means of living in great measure cut off.
“ In a recent letter from Jonathan Wright, clerk
of the Sub-committee, is contained a request that a
deputation of our Committee would meet with theirs
at the time of Indiana Yearly Meeting. On weightily
considering the beneficial effects dependent on the
success of our endeavours, it was thought of sufficient
consequence to claim attention; accordingly a few of
our number have been deputed to the service, with
instructions to visit the school establishment, if it
should appear necessary.
“Our brethren of Indiana Yearly Meeting appear

( 31 )
disposed to aid in the benevolent work, and a number
of the Committee on whom devolves the more active
duties of the concern, have manifested a zeal com-
porting with the dignity of the subject.
“Signed on behalf of the Committee,
“Lewis WALKER, Clerk.”
London: Printed by William Phillips,
George Yard, Lombard Street.
ºz.
-
/yº. 3
So
- -