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- - I -
P R. E. F. A. C. E.
THE Author of the following publication feels it necessary to offer some observations on
the circumstances of its introduction to the English reader, notwithstanding the success
which his humble endeavours have met with in the United States gives him a confidence
in presuming upon their attention. He may first remark, that he had the honour of
being employed by the Indian department in that country, expressly for the purpose of
taking the portraits of the most prominent and distinguished Chiefs, in their various
meetings for treaties, and was present at nearly all the Council Fires during a period of
fifteen years. These portraits were done at the time and place specified in their respective
order, copies from the originals being deposited in the War Office, at Washington. As
regards the merits of their general character, and the fidelity of the costume, he can, with
confidence, claim the attention of the public, from the following letter with which he was
favoured from Hon. Lewis Cass, now Minister from the United States Government to the
French Court, and which he presumes to adduce as a satisfactory confirmation.
WashingtoN, SEPTEMBER 10th, 1835.
DEAR SIR,--It affords me great pleasure, in conformity with your request, to express
my opinion of the fidelity of the execution of the Indian portraits which you have
transmitted to me in your Aboriginal Portfolio. Your opportunities were very favourable
for collecting the necessary materials for the execution of this work. You accompanied
me to various Indian treaties, where large bodies of the Indians were assembled, and you
were industriously engaged in painting their portraits. For some years, also, you pursued
the same plan, at Detroit, at a period when that place was a resort for many of the tribes.
So far as I can speak from recollection, I think the countenances and costumes of the
Indians represented in these engravings are faithfully preserved. Most, and probably
nearly all of them were known to me; and though, of course, the impression of the features
of many of them has passed from my memory, yet there are some whom I distinctly
recollect, and whose appearance I instantly recognised in these sketches.
Some years of your life were faithfully devoted to this task, and I hope the favourable
notice of the public will enable you to reap a just reward for your exertion and expenses.
I am, dear Sir, with much regard,
Your obedient Servant,
J. O. Lewis, Esq., Philadelphia. LEWIS CASS.
A stranger in the land where he now offers for republication the result of his labours,
and entirely unacquainted with the modes which are necessary to introduce a work of
foreign growth to the patronage of the British public, the Author humbly trusts that his
ſervent and honest endeavours to rescue from oblivion the features of some of the




2
Aboriginals of a large portion of the globe, whose existence even will soon be mere matter
of history, may not appear obtrusive, nor prove uninteresting. He trusts that he does not
vainly appeal for security from the effects of criticism, for any signs of incompleteness
which may appear either in the delineation or biographical detail, by adverting to the great
and constantly-recurring disadvantages to which an artist is necessarily subject while
travelling through a wilderness far removed from the abodes of civilization, and in
“ pencilling by the way” with the rude materials he may be enabled to pick up in the
course of his progress. When it is recollected, also, that the time for holding Indian
treaties is generally very limited, and that the deepfelt anxiety of the artist to possess a
large collection must be no small impediment in the way of his bestowing any considerable
share of his time and attention on any one production, he confidently believes, that as they
are issued in their original state, whatever imperfections may be discoverable will be
kindly ascribed to the proper and almost necessary cause.
The historical and biographical notices appended to the plates are such as were given
by the interpreters of the various tribes, without any exaggeration or embellishment.
From the circumstances before stated, the opportunities for intercourse were of a very
limited nature, and nothing, therefore, has been attempted, further than to present a faint
and true outline of the various characters represented, which must rather be considered as
a key to the plates than a detailed biographical account. Without such an addition, the
portraits of Indian character could scarcely be considered complete; and limited as are many
of the materials for biographical notice, they must necessarily enhance those impressions
derived from the distinguished and marked interest which their physiognomy presents.
There will also be incidentally introduced, drawings of the congregations assembled at
some of the most celebrated Indian treaties; delineations of their different war dances; as
well as various others, illustrative of Aboriginal life and manners.
J. O. LEWIS.
London, February, 1838.



TSHU-GUE-GA.
HALF FRENCH AND HALF WINNEBAGo.
This chief was the son of a French Indian trader, born in Montreal, whose name was
Babtiste Grammont, by a Winnebago squaw, whom he married, at the same time settling
with the tribe, who own an extensive tract of country between the Fox, Wisconsin, and
Mississippi rivers, in the territory of Michigan, North America. Several children were
the result of this marriage, of whom Tshu-gue-ga was the eldest. At an early age he
was characterized by a crafty and cruel disposition; and one time, in a trivial dispute
with his uncle, assassinated him, by planting his tomahawk in his skull. He was also one
of the foremost at various depredations that were committed upon the white settlements;
and the acts of rapine in which he was engaged were not unfrequently attended with
bloodshed and murder, and scenes of the most horrid barbarity. He was at one time, at
the head of his followers, the perpetrator of the massacre of nearly a whole and defence-
less family on the Upper Mississippi, a short time previous to the commencement of the
last American war. The victims were, a family of squatters, as the settlers are generally
termed, consisting of a man, his wife, and three children. The husband was absent on a
hunting excursion, when Tshu-gue-ga and his party arrived at the house, and demanded
whiskey. The wife, not being in possession of any, and consequently unable to comply
with their request, the merciless savages became so enraged, that they not only scalped
her, and tomahawked the youthful children, but after rifling the house of its principal
- contents, set it on fire. The husband, on his return home, fortunately perceived the light,
and suspecting the presence of Indians in the neighbourhood, secreted himself in a jungle
- until night-time, when he made his escape to the nearest American post. Scouts were
immediately despatched in pursuit of the perpetrators of this tragedy, who, however, from
their superior fleetness, evaded the pursuers, and regained their tribe in safety.
At the time he was seen by the author of this work, Tshu-gue-ga appeared to be
about forty-five years of age. His height was rather upwards of six feet, and he was
remarkably strong and athletic—so much so, that no chief on the treaty ground could
contend with him either in running or wrestling. He was also very expert in fishing and
in hunting, and has been known to bring down twenty deer in one day. From his skill in
hunting, and his bravery, in which he had often distinguished himself—he was soon
celebrated amongst the Winnebagoes, and appointed a war chief, shortly after which he
endeavoured to involve his tribe in a war with the government of the United States; but
a timely arrival of troops on the Mississippi, in 1827, soon dispersed and quieted them,
and maintained peace, in which they have continued to remain, with but little disturbance
to the general tranquillity.
Tshu-gue-ga had three wives and a large family, to whom his conduct was as tyran-
nical and cruel as towards others. He was killed about two years since, in a drunken
quarrel, by one of his band, to whom his arbitrary behaviour had rendered him very
obnoxious. His costume was composed of a head-dress of feathers, with a crow-skin -
round his neck. He wore a blanket, and carried a spear, decorated with ribbons, beads, -
and other trinkets. One side of his face was painted black, he at the time being in
mourning for the death of his second wife.



T'S H U (GUIE, G, A -
A celebrated Chief half winnebago and half French. - -
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Published for the proprietor) by Ackermann & Cº strandiºndºn.
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lºº.

MAC-CUT-I-MI SH-E-CA CT -CAC,
THE BLACK HAWK,
LATE ch iEF or THE SAC TRIBE.
This chief was born in the month of August, 1766, at the village of Car-kie-o-mar, or the
Eagle village, on the Mississippi river, lying between the Rock river and the Des Moines.
His father, whose name was Par-ise, or the Spirit, was a full Sac Indian, and his mother,
who was named O-ne-go-qua, or the White woman, was a Pottowattomie squaw. The
latter was one of six wives, who all but herself belonged to the Sac nation, was married
near Chicago in the state of Illinois, and bore her husband two children. Par-ise was
made a war chief by the English at the time Montcalm was defeated by their forces at
Quebec, on account of the assistance which, in common with the Indian auxiliaries, he
afforded to their arms; but soon after, in the year 1780, he met a tragic end. Whilst
hunting up the Mississippi river, he was attacked by wolves, when he defended himself
with desperate valour, but in the contest accidentally discharged his gun, the contents of
which passed through his body, and he expired on the spot, his wife dying soon after him.
In the year 1800, Black Hawk, the subject of this notice, married Man-wa-qua, or the
Female Wolf, daughter of Sha-e-qua by O-ou-nis-ka, a noted and brave chief, who fell in a
skirmish with the Sioux tribe, some distance up the Mississippi. For many years but little
was known of the character of Black Hawk, by the white settlers bordering on the Indian
reservation of the Sacs, with whom he had always lived in peace and amity. In 1832, how-
ever, he commenced a fierce hostility towards the whites, without any known cause of
aggression, and was the leader of a series of atrocities, which for a long time kept the
borders in a state of great alarm and danger, making war indiscriminately upon the de-
fenceless inhabitants, slaughtering whole families, burning their dwelling-houses, and
destroying their property and crops, thousands of persons fleeing in every direction to
escape his savage attacks. As soon as the intelligence came to the United States Govern-
ment, a strong body of troops, under the command of Generals Atkinson and Scott, were
marched to the spot to punish the aggressions and cruelties of the Indians, who were, after
a succession of skirmishes, finally subdued. The war terminated by Black Hawk, his
brother Napope the prophet, with his son, and some of the principal instigators, being
made prisoners and taken to Washington. The imbecile attempt at making war with, and
disputing the authority of the United States, was severely reprimanded by President
Jackson, who, displacing Black Hawk from his command as chief, appointed to that post,
Keokuck, another Sac Indian, who had always shewn a more friendly feeling towards the
whites, and was not concerned in the perpetration of any of the recent outrages.
After remaining but a short time in confinement, Black Hawk was dismissed, and
returned home. In his way back, he passed through the principal cities of the Union,
where his appearance excited great curiosity, from his recently-acquired renown, and he
received very considerable attention. So general was this manifested, that many ladies of
the first distinction visited him during his progress, and by their soothing courtesy and
many valuable presents, endeavoured to alleviate the depressed spirit of the devoted and
fallen chief. After witnessing the extent of the country, and its vast strength and
resources—which to this untutored child of the forest were matters of great interest and
surprise—he was not bacl ls in ac ledging the folly of ding with a people,
who, he said, were as thick as the “ leaves of the forest.” Since his return, he has
remained perfectly quiet, nor is it probable that his influence will again be used in
disturbing the tranquillity which at present exists in this part of the United States, so lately
rendered the scene of turmoil through his means.




T - I - MIS H. E. CAL CU CAC
or-
B L A C K H A W. K.
-
A Celebrated Sac Chieſ.
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M A - K O - M E - T A,
B E A R'S 0 IL,
(a mesostone.)
This chief resides to the south of the Fox River, in the territory of Michigan, in North America,
where he is much respected on account of his friendly disposition towards the white settlers, his
character being peaceable and mild. In the war between Great Britain and the United States, in
1812, he maintained a system of rigid neutrality, aiding neither of the belligerent parties, which,
however, frequently exposed him to circumstances of difficulty. His brother, called the “Walking
Thunder,” took an active part in favour of the British, and was present at the siege of Fort Meigs,
on the Miami river; at the battle of the river Rasin, in Michigan; and, finally, at the engagement
on the river Thames, in Upper Canada, where he was killed. Ma-ko-me-ta has three wives, by
whom he has a family of six children, who, with his aged father and sister, comprise his household.
In his early youth, Ma-ko-me-ta narrowly escaped death under the following circumstances –
A destructive war had for some time been pending between the Menomomies and the Winnebagoes,
in which his father took an active part. The former being defeated in an engagement, fled pre-
cipitately from the field of battle, but, being pursued by the enemy, they were overtaken, when a
savage slaughter of the vanquished party ensued. Amongst those who were saved on the field and
made prisoners, but only to be reserved for more signal punishment, from their consequence in the
tribe, were the subject of this sketch and his father. The arms of the latter were bound, and, thus
disabled, he was driven before the band of the victorious Winnebagoes, the son, who was mounted
on a horse, following behind one of the chiefs. When evening approached, the party halted to
encamp, where, having made a large fire and partaken of food, they lay down to rest, enveloped in
their blankets, first securing the prisoners by tying their arms together, and attaching the cord
which bound them to the foot of the guard, Ma-ko-me-ta, then only twelve years of age, being
placed between his father and the sleeping savage. In the middle of the night, the youth weeping
and complaining bitterly of the pain which he suffered from the tightness of the cord which bound
his arms, the guard granted him some indulgence by loosening it, and setting one arm at liberty.
Ma-ko-me-ta looking upon this as a chance by which he might aid the escape of his father as well
as himself, kept awake until a short time before day-break, when, finding the Indian soundly en-
veloped in sleep, he softly took from him his tomahawk, with which severing the remaining cord
which bound himself, he next released his father. They then both made a hasty retreat, and long
before the Indians were aware of their loss, were far beyond the reach of pursuit.
The brother of Ma-ko-me-ta's father, whose name was Man-o-que-o-waa, was, under circumstances
of less apprehension, not so fortunate as his nephew, meeting his death from the hands of a female
prisoner whom he had charge of. He was of a very opposite disposition to the latter, being of a
cruel and savage temper, and was an object of terror to the white settlements, from his depredations
and atrocities, in company with other chiefs as unprincipled and cruel as himself. On one occasion
he had, along with seven other chiefs, been engaged in a series of robberies, and after a long journey
up the Mississippi, attacked a farm-house belonging to a settler of the name of Burns, whom they
killed along with his wife, and after rifling and then setting fire to the house, took away his two
daughters as prisoners, one of whom was fifteen and the other about eighteen years of age. On
their retreat, they compelled the young women to walk, treating them with great cruelty, until,
having marched a distance of upwards of twenty miles through a very dreary country, the Indians
resolved upon separating, leaving the two sisters and the spoils with Man-o-que-o-waa, whilst they
took an opposite direction in search of more plunder. Man-o-que-o-waa was mounted on a horse
having a bag of wheat-flour behind him, taken from the farm-house. Shortly after the other Indians
had left, he dismounted, and placing the bag on the ground, sat down near it, took out his tobacco
pouch, and began smoking, at the same time ordering the girls, whose hands were bound, to sit
opposite to him. It soon after commenced raining, when the eldest daughter intimated, by signs to
the chief, that the flour would get wet, but that if he would unbind her arms, and let her have the
use of his tomahawk, she would cut some branches of trees and place over it to protect it. Uncon-
scious of any danger to be apprehended from such a feeble enemy, he consented to her proposals,
and she went and cut some, until getting unseen and unsuspectingly behind the chief, she raised
the heavy axe with both her hands over his devoted head, looking for seeming approbation at her
sister, who sat opposite. It was a moment of intense anxiety for both, when the latter, in terror
and fright, but with ideas of sweet revenge for the murder of their parents, nodded her consent, and
the next instant the uplifted tomahawk sunk deep in the skull of the miscreant chieftain, who, utter-
ing a loud cry, sunk inanimate to the ground. The intrepid avenger of her parents' death quickly
unbound her sister, when, mounting the horse, they both swiftly fled, nor stopped in their career
until they arrived at a small village at a distance, where they gave an alarm. Pursuit was immedi-
ately made after the other Indians, but without success.
Ma-ko-me-ta is five feet eight or nine inches in height, and very robust. He wore on his head
a black handkerchief and eagle's feathers. From his neck was suspended a scalping-knife. He
constantly wore a blanket.






MLA K U) KE, TA or B E A R S () [l,
A Mono nº oni e Chief.
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Published (for the Proprietor by Ackerman ºcese, and Lºn.
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P-15 tº


KAA-N UN-DER-WAAGUINSE-ZOO.
--
THE BERR Y PICKER.
(a currewa.)
THE spot where this chief resides is nearly two hundred miles from the north-western part of Fond
du Lac, on the extreme verge of Lake Superior, in North America. His father, whose name was
Men-dow-min, or the Corn, married the daughter of Me-no-quet, another member of the same tribe.
The Berry Picker was the eldest of three children, and at an early age evinced a savage and morose
disposition. His father, in order to curb his temper, often refused or neglected to take him either to
the war or hunting excursions in which he was engaged; but at the age of fifteen, the youth, unwilling
to be restrained, actually forced his way into the camp of the enemy, unknown to his father, who
was then on his return from the engagement, bearing a scalp.
The following incident relating to this chief occurred at a very early period of his life, and at the
same time evinces, in some measure, the system usually adopted by the Indians in training their
children, by inuring them to hardships, and enabling them to endure pain or torture without grief or
murmurs –An English gentleman travelling through the Indian country, and being overtaken by a
storm, stopped with his interpreter for shelter at the wigwam of Men-dow-min. Seated in a circle
around the fire, along with the proprietor of the hut were several other chiefs, engaged in smoking,
with two squaws, and three or four children, which party was joined by the traveller and his interpreter,
who were anxious spectators of whatever occurred. The Berry Picker, who was then but three
years old, in his juvenile play stumbled over the stranger's foot, and falling towards the fire, burnt
his finger slightly. Upon his crying out on account of the pain, his father endeavoured, but
unsuccessfully, to soothe and quiet him, when, to the astonishment of the Englishman, he thrust
his own finger into the embers, and holding it to the child, said, “See, my child, I do not cry–
it is not brave to cry-be a chief as your father; see, he does not cry.” This practical example
appeared to have its required effect even with this child of tender age, as instantly his weeping
ceased, and his lips were closed, and he looked up into the face of his sire, with even more than his
usual boldness. In his after life it appeared as if this incident had not been lost in the formation of
his character, as a more determined and desperate man never encountered danger nor braved a foe.
In the year 1825, he was present at the great council at Prairie du Chien, where, although
the presence of the commissioners and the United States' troops prevented him from exercising his
malignant feelings towards the Sioux and other tribes with whom he was at variance, in acts of
open hostility, he never failed to take every occasion which opportunities presented, to shew his
animosity.
Another incident, which exhibits in a very strong manner the marked ferocity and malignity of
his character, and in which the life of a distinguished and talented citizen of the United States
might have been sacrificed, occurred at the period just referred to. At the termination of the
treaty, when every article had been satisfactorily arranged, the commissioners had decided upon
giving the various assembled tribes an entertainment, at which they would preside. On this occa-
sion, upwards of one hundred head of cattle were slaughtered, and vast quantities of flour and pork
were added for the feast. A general belief, as well as desire, was expressed by the Indians
assembled, that their hospitable entertainers would not be sparing in the distribution of “father's
milk,” as they sometimes term whiskey. Aware of this desire, Governor Cass, one of the commis-
sioners, had provided a barrel on the ground, and after the repast was finished, a small cup of this
liquor was handed round to each chief. They soon requested more, when a similar allowance was
repeated, but becoming inspired by its influence, and insisting upon a still further supply, the
commissioner rose up, and overthrew the cask, spilling the whole of its contents upon the ground.
The Indians stood aghast at this spoliation of their esteemed beverage, and at what appeared to them
a wanton and woeful waste. Governor Cass, considering this a proper time to remonstrate on the
folly of drinking spirits to excess, and on the evil consequences which ensued from a pernicious
practice which has attained such a destructive height amongst them, told them “ that whatever
regret they might feel for the loss, for himself he had none; that what he had done shewed the
little value he attached to it, and that it was from a regard to them alone that he had wasted the
beverage.” The chiefs all retired, sullen and discontented, and the Berry Picker especially, who,
casting at the commissioner a savage and malignant glance, muttered some expressions not distinctly
heard by the interpreter, but which, it was afterwards understood, contained a threat of assassination.
This he endeavoured to carry into effect whilst the latter was ascending the Fox river, by snapping
his rifle at him, which, however, fortunately missed fire, when the revengeful chief made his escape
into the woods.
The Berry Picker is full six feet in height, and is drawn exactly according to his appearance at
the treaty. His head is embellished with feathers, to which are suspended pieces of red cloth. A
circle of green is painted round his eyes, and his hair hangs loose on his shoulders. He wore a cloth
apron in front, with red cloth leggings and moccasins, and in his right hand carried a hunting spear.
~ *
ſ






Missing
Page

-
-
{
W. A. A - N A - TA A,
THE GREAT chil EF of THE Sioux NATION OF INDIANS.
THE sketch of this celebrated chief was taken in 1825, when he was in command of the
Sioux tribe, who inhabit a vast extent of territory on the Upper Mississippi, in the north-
west part of the United States of America. The occasion of meeting was at the great
treaty held at Prairie du Chien, a small town on the Mississippi, between a large body,
composed of Chippewa, Winnebagoes, Pottowattomies, Sioux, Sacs, Foxes, and other
Indian tribes, when the commissioners on the part of the United States were, the Hon.
Lewis Cass, at present minister plenipotentiary from that country to the court of France,
and Governor William Clark, of Missouri.
Of the birth or parentage of this distinguished chief, but little knowledge could be
obtained by the author. The principal events of his life, and which have gained him
great distinction amongst the native tribes, transpired during the late war between the -
United States and Great Britain, in which he aided the cause of the latter. At the time
this sketch was taken, he wore on his head nineteen small red sticks, emblematical of the
number of scalps which he had taken during this war; his breast was scarred by
numerous wounds, and he shewed the mark of a bullet which had passed through his arm.
He was then apparently fifty years of age, but retained all the vigour and alacrity of
youth, with very fine muscular as well as mental powers. In time of peace, his employ-
ment consists chiefly in hunting the wild buffalo. In this hazardous employment, mounted
on a fleet Indian charger, and armed with bows and arrows, he would sally undaunted into
the middle of the wildest herd, where, planting his arrows promiscuously, he would again
rapidly retreat, leaving the victims of his unerring aim quietly to perish, weltering in
their gore.
The dress in which he was enveloped, as represented in the sketch, and highly charac-
teristic of his favourite pursuits, consists of a buffalo skin, dressed, and ornamented with
dyed porcupine quills. On his head he wears a plume of eagle's feathers, with the pieces
of red sticks before mentioned, from which descend large strands of horse-hair, dyed red.
In his right hand he holds a gun, decorated with feathers, and in his left, a fan, composed
of black horse-hair. On his feet are moccasins, to which were attached foxes' tails. His
height exceeded six feet, and his appearance in his native costume was both singular and
magnificent.
In the back ground of this plate is represented the style and appearance of the native
wigwams, or places of residence.







Missing
Page

S H IN G - G A A – B A-W O S I N.
T H E E L G U R E D S T ONE.
(a chirrewa.)
It is impossible, in the short sketch allotted to these notices, to convey any accurate description of
this celebrated chief of the Chippewa tribe of Indians, who inhabit a very extensive portion of the
north-western territory of the United States of America, or to do justice to those characters for
which he is particularly distinguished—his powers of eloquence, and acts of bravery and valour.
Descended from an illustrious line of ancestry, who by feats of skill in hunting, and heroism in war,
obtained extensive renown, he soon, by imitating their conduct, so gained upon the respect and
affection of his tribe, that before he had reached the age of thirty, he was considered one of the
foremost of the band. At the time the accompanying sketch was taken, he had attained the age of
eighty-two, and notwithstanding the numerous wars and skirmishes in which he had been engaged,
the many wounds he had received, and his constant exposure to the privation and hardships con-
sequent upon a savage life, he still maintained an unusual degree of vigour and energy. At the
time the author saw him, he resided at the Sault de St. Marie, a military post of the United States,
situate at the outlet of Lake Superior, though he generally lived at the hunting-grounds belonging
to the Chippewa nation, west of the lake, and was surrounded by a large family, who principally
subsisted by hunting and fishing.
At the treaty which was held at Fond du Lac, in 1826, with the Chippewa tribe and the
Government Commissioners, for the purpose of re-establishing peace between them and other
tribes, as well as to ratify a former treaty held at Prairie du Chien, in 1825, this chief addressed the
commissioners in the following manner:-
“My Father, we feel our hearts glad in meeting you at this council fire; we should not speak
truth were we to say otherwise. My Father, many moons have passed since you last visited your
red children, and your now coming gives us joy. We have heard our fathers talk, and we listened
with attention; we will take time to think on what you have said, and then will give you an answer;
we want our great Father at Washington (the President) to think of his red children; the Great
Spirit made us all; the red chief and the white chief, and he has given us an unclouded sky to meet
you in council. We hope our Father will give his red children blankets, some rifles, with lead, and
tobacco, also some fire water,” when we meet him to-morrow.”
Shing-gaa-ba-wosin was at first strenuously opposed to the cession of the lands belonging to his
tribe to the government of the United States, strongly contending for the rights of his people, who
he considered were oppressed by the innovation of the white settlers, and frequently intimating his
intention to dispute every aggression at the point of the scalping-knife and tomahawk. Every
effort was made to induce him to yield to the wishes of the commissioners, nor was it until the
danger and disadvantage that would accrue to his tribe were fairly pointed out, and, on the other
hand, the benefits that would result from an acquiescence on his part, that he at last conceded.
An anecdote was related to the author by a gentleman of veracity, which strongly exhibits the
shrewdness and sagacity of this chief. At a treaty held some time since with his tribe, commissioners
had been sent by the government to obtain some Indian reservations, the titles of which it was
considered desirable to extinguish by an amicable arrangement and purchase. Amongst the several
chiefs that attended was Shing-gaa-ba-wosin, to whom every overture was made by the commissioners,
in order to induce him to accede to their requests, but without success. He every day attended
the meetings of the council, but preserved a studied silence, notwithstanding that, from being a chief
of great influence, every means were exerted to bring him over to the views of the commissioners.
One day, a short time after the council had adjourned, one of the commissioners had retired, and was
seated on the stump of a fallen tree. Shing-gaa-ba-wosin approached with measured steps, and seated
himself closely beside the commissioner, who, thinking it was done unintentionally, removed a short
distance, where he was followed by the persevering chief. The commissioner again removed, but this
only brought the chief again to his side, when the former having reached the edge of the log, the latter
exerted all his strength and pushed him to the ground. Shing-gaa-ba-wosin, rising with his native
dignity and grace, then addressed himself to the prostrate commissioner in the following manner –
“There, my Father, that is the way in which you serve your poor red children; the Great Spirit
hears me, and I will speak. I came and asked you for a seat on which to rest my limbs—you gave
it to me. Not contented with this, I urged you for more until you gave it; and I again demanded
more, until you had none left. Many moons ago, our Father crossed the Big-water, and begged of
his red children a small piece of land, on which he might build his wig-wam. It was given him;
but not being satisfied, he again asked his red children for more. This was given, and still more,
until his red children abandoned the homes and hunting-grounds of their fathers, to make way for
the white man. Now when the great chiefs and braves of their nations are at rest, our Father is
for sending us further west, to where the sun sets, and sinks into the Big Lake, from where we
can never see its rising again.”
Costume.-The head-dress is composed of skin, ornamented with feathers, ribbons, and beads.
Part of his face was painted with vermilion; his arms were decorated with silver bands, and
from his neck was suspended a silver medal, bearing the impress of the President of the United
States. As customary with the Indians, a blanket constituted his outer robe.
* Whiskey. + The Atlantic Ocean. 1 Pacific Ocean.
*





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Published (for the Proprietor) by Ackermann and Cº. Nº 96, strain a 1... a. in
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K IT C H - E E - I - A A. B. A.
THE BIG BUCK.
(a chippewa.)
THE subject of this notice was a chief of the Chippewa nation of Indians, whose reserva-
tions of land extend from the south-western shores of Lake Superior to the Upper
Mississippi river. His character and prowess as a warrior were established long
before his death ; the recollections of his bravery and his valour are not forgotten
in the war songs and dances of his tribe; and the name of Kitchee-I-aa-ba is a
sufficient spell to rouse the warrior from his lair, and excite all his dormant energies.
From his reputation, the author was extremely anxious to obtain some full particulars of
a man who adorned the rough exterior of savage life by the exercise of those noble spirits
and qualities which that unrestrained condition alone can develop, but could only procure
the following particulars, which must suffice as an outline of his character.
Kitchee-L-aa-ba was the son of Soo-cu-ris-kee, a Sac chief, who married the daughter
of O-de-gis-qua, a full Chippewa chief. Soo-cu-ris-kee, his father, was killed on the
4th of September, 1791, at an engagement on the Miami river, near Fort Jefferson,
when the Americans, under General Arthur St. Clair, were defeated by the Indians.
Kitchee-I-aa-ba was then about twenty years of age, and after his father fell, took
every opportunity of revenging his death by the indiscriminate slaughter of the opposing
forces. At the head of his warlike countrymen, he was for some time an object of
fear, and gained many advantages over his enemies, until he was, in his turn, compelled
to fly. On this occasion, an incident happened well calculated to awaken the sympathetic
susceptibilities even of an Indian heart. Kitchee-I-aa-ba loved an Indian maid, and his
betrothed sharing with him the fearful chances of the battle, was severely wounded. He
had already seen his father fall beneath the sabre of the white man, but, nothing daunted,
his brave soul repelled all fear as it disdained compromise. He still continued to fight
bravely, until the unerring bullet found its way to the heart of his beloved. At once, the
madness, unsubdued even by the reasoning instinct of the animal whose name he bore,
agitated his whole frame. In one arm he bore her, bleeding and dying, from the battle
field, following in the rear of the flying savages, while frequently would he turn and des-
perately face the advancing foe, until nature sank, and he fell under the afflicting burden.
Sad and forlorn, however, he again rallied with sufficient strength; the din of arms had
ceased, and he bore the inanimate body of his betrothed to a neighbouring thicket, where,
scooping out a shallow grave with his scalping-knife, he deposited her inanimate body.
Covering the place hallowed as the depository of the remains of the beauteous Indian maid
with the fallen leaves of the forest, he smoked the pipe of grief upon the grave of one so
pure, but so unfortunate—the last sad honours that love requires from a savage votary.
The author could glean but few other incidents of his career. When the sketch was
taken, he was dressed in a hunting shirt and blanket. On his head he wore a bear-skin
cap, from which descended large strands of horse-hair. He had round his neck a black
handkerchief, and a necklace, formed of bone and brass wire. One half of his face was
painted with vermilion.







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THE ABORIGINAL PORTFOLIO.
we have been highly gratified by the examination of
º
with the above title, consisting principally of lithºgraphic
rtraits of distinguished Indians, Chiefs, and others, of
e great western tribes, now publishi
Lewis, of Philadelphia.
Mr. Lewis,
department expressly for the purpose. Sev
are full-length portraits, and all appear in their appro-
- costume.
In addition to the portraits of the Chiefs and other
ere are several portrai
ws, some with their children, shewing their co-
- two representations
treaties.
h everything relating to
ed, reflects
beral patronage, not merel
rate him for his expenses actually,
to re-
incurred.-which
º
the most interesting
aments that can be placed on a parlour table.-Balli-
more Daily Advertiser.
we have received this morning one of the most splendid
works that has ever been published in this country-Au-
dubon and Wilson only excepted. It
numbers of a series o -
full-le
*
------- in-a-
drawn in lithograph, on a large scale, and in a style of
superior execution, by Messrs. Lehman and Duval, li-
thºgraphers, of Philadelphin, after the original sketches
Mr. J. O. Lewis, who was employed
indian ºment ºf the ºn
ment of the United States, during the successive assem-
of the tribes for the purpose of forming treaties
some years since. rtraits are all richly coloured:
and are arranged each in the --
grotesque and gorged
face, and tinsel ornaments
le to our country, that an individual, unassisted, has
had the enterprise to achieve this publication.—Nº York
the first number ºf the "Abºriginal
we have before us
portfolio," a work projected by Mr. J. O. Lewis. It is to
- * ºn
contain
Indian Chiefs, with short notic
conduct. The num
done on stone by Lehman and Duval of this city, atter
º -- an
. iſe. I
monthly d d to public at
ºf patronaº, an public atten-
º
A very splendia publicati
the Aboriginal Portolio.
thographic and coloured portraits of the a
habitants of the countries now held
work is sanctioned b
artist, Mr. J. O. º, was
or Caº, and the commissioners an
with the Indian tº some yea
raits and costume of the various Indians any way di
--
unsuined. The work will be completed in ten monthly
number- - -
Every individual intº in the histºry and anti-
autº-ºn-cºuntry hould posses himself of this book.
-N- ºr Mirrºr.
the
A B O R L G | N A L
P o R T R O L o.
BY J. O. LEWIS.
The crowded state of our columns has prevented us
from giving this publication a notice heretofºre, and now
we can only say, th
portraits ven are generally very good, and strongly
delineate the characters of the respective individuals. º
a century from this time, this work will be invaluable, as
preserving the features of an extinct race.—Commercia
Herall.
Under this title, Mr. J. Q. Lewis, of Philadelphia, is
publishing, in monthly numbers, a work which should be
and ith interest and favour by every American.
- rather, with the exception of one number,
consists of lithographic portraits of the cipal Indian
a great western tribes. The plates are superbly
nature, and the costume o Chief
---
is admirable thus far, and ºve
ry number increases in value
We have not a doubt that Mr. Lewis will
is country and
her progress, than a few livrations of Indian portraits?–
Knickerbocker. -
first number of this work—to which we made
reference a wººk or two since—has just appeared.
º
-º-, a rºle-
sketched
Mn-che-
ef; a sketch
of Kitch-ee-l-aa-ba, or the Big Buck, a Chippewa chief;
º
of the Fox tribe
--
traits are nºmy cºloured, and we are
From the numerous Notices of the “ABORIGINAL PORTFOLIO." which have appeared in the
Papers published in the United States of America, the following are selected, as shewing the
estimation in which the Work is held :-
The fourth number of this truly American work has
been issued to subscribers, and it may be safely said,
fully equal to any which has appeared. The first is a
full-length likeness of the Berry Picker, a famous Chip-
pe His right hand grasps a spear, his arm rest-
ing on a tree.
he Specki
it. This is truly beaut
Tooth, a Chi
hrough man te
likeness of 0-Check-Ka, or Four Legs, the head chief of
the winne
wife
-CI
u
b
--
th
e
s
--
is something particularly pleasing in the countenance
this Chief, which is expressive of great mildn
gentleman's library ch -
copy of this work-Philadelphia Journal and Literary
Gazette.
of
-
Mr.J. Q. Lewis, of this city, has just published the first
number of this beautifully-executed work, the “Aboriginal
Portfolio," which is well deserving of patronage.
tains eight large lithographic likenessesofcelebrated Indian
Chiefs, brightly coloured, illustrating th
shewing them as they appe
in the choicest abori
executed in the most vivid and artist-like manner, and
seems as if the Chiefs of the Sioux, Pottowatomies, Chip-
pew innebagoes, were present in person, in all
º
--
many years in the d ---
his expeditions ese excurs --
for the Portfolio were collected, under the direction of
---
table shape.
The lithographs are by Lehman and Duval, No. 8,
y. Every one who feels an interest in the red
man should possess the Portfolio.—Pennsylvanian
The design of this Portfolio is to place in the hands of
the public faithful sketches of the persons and costumes
- hiefs of our North-western ºf
- wis, who was well
country more than ten years
most of the treaties held with the
North-western Ind e 1820, and taken faithful
sketches from life of the principal warriors, for the benefit
ent, and ſac-similes of these sketches,
taken under the auspices of the government, he now offers
to the public, elegantly lithographed and faithfully coloured.
atures of many of the warrior Chiefs, who are
intended to be immortalized in this work, are as familiar
to us as are the faces of our Wall-street brokers, and we
can bear honourable testimony, not only to the co
of the likenesses, but to the faithfulness with which the
-- as been copied evento the mosttrivial particulars
The work is elegantly and expensively got up, and in the
colourin re h rictly followed, however
grotesque or ridiculous the consequence in some cases:
and we cannot but indulge the hope that Mr. Lewis will
be extensively patronized in his meritorious undertaking.
The collection will consi numbers, and a
have any laudable curiosity in relation to our aborigines
should not fail to become subscribers.-New York Courier
and Enquirer.
"The-pººl'ſ fºurts
Arc ºven ºuch as they ºut."
The third number of this work is
livery to subscribers, and, with
d
spredecessors. Ava
is nº admired and
appreciated as a work of the
inishes seven portraits of noted Ind
numerated and a fine print.
º
ousand children of the forest were present.
e Commissioners on the part of the General Government
- nd William Clark, of Missouri, who are
cº-and- wis, the artist, was
employed by the Indian Department, and was
nearly all the "Council fires," or Treatiº, during a
riod ºf fifteen years. We understand Mr. Lewis
in a few days, for the purpºſºnd-
º
º
New Yº
st, Mr. Lewis, that they are
- possesses great interest.
be popular. One number will be issued
uth until the work is completed.-Saturday
g Post.
every tº
in
Erºm
Under this title we have before us the three first num-
bers of a truly original and most splendid work. Mr. J.
Q. Lewis, the publisher, was employed by the United
iº
inguished char e red men of the forest:
and till- in the most faithful manner,
completing the work on the spot, not only copying the
ce and features of each individual to the life, but pre-
as all the characteristics of ress, equipments,
and such other peculiarities as mark the taste and the
customs of savage life. The paintings thus produced, or
copies of them, are to be preserved in the archives o
vernment; while the work be tº or en-
gravings of a large size, lithographed by Lehman and
Duval, and coloured in the most splendid and beautiful
manner. Each number contains eight portraits, and
there are to be ten numbers to complete the work, mak-
ing eighty portraits in all. The whole work is to close
ingra etch of each of the painted subjects,
tional will be char
been published.
ase in value, as the original
- ing away; and,
are m
in a short time, the places which once knew them, in all
human probability, shall know them no more for ever-
New Y ript.
The fourth number of this splendid work is published.
We have mentioned before that the portraits of the Indian
-
hief
by Mr. J. Q. Lewis on the spot, in the country of the
red man, with their costumes of war or --tº-
might be, and atter, with the wild scenery of the forest
around them. They are handsomely lithographed and
- - of .
colºured. They in of J. P.
Callender, No. 1. John Street, who is sole agent for the
work in the State of New York–Nº Yºrk trººpſ.
ing the su national work we ºpen.
for him a flattering reception by the citizens of “Old
Gotham."—Pulº Eºing Star.
---Pº, lº-Mºnu-L-L-